time_n have_v no_o power_n to_o to_o constrain_v they_o to_o a_o enterrment_n it_o be_v also_o lawful_a when_o a_o person_n die_v at_o a_o distance_n from_o his_o own_o house_n to_o transport_v his_o body_n from_o one_o city_n or_o province_n to_o another_o as_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o rich_a sort_n and_o the_o mandarin_n to_o do_v provide_v nevertheless_o that_o they_o do_v not_o bring_v their_o dead_a body_n through_o the_o city_n but_o round_o about_o by_o the_o wall_n these_o coffin_n which_o be_v general_o of_o some_o sort_n of_o precious_a wood_n cost_v many_o time_n two_o hundred_o and_o sometime_o above_o a_o thousand_o crown_n and_o the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v so_o obsequious_a as_o to_o cause_v these_o cousin_n to_o be_v carry_v for_o several_a day_n and_o sometime_o for_o a_o whole_a month_n journey_n together_o at_o a_o extraordinary_a expense_n to_o lay_v they_o in_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o indeed_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o their_o grandee_n be_v very_o magnificent_a structure_n and_o certain_o deserve_v â—…oth_o to_o be_v see_v and_o admire_v for_o they_o be_v very_o fair_a and_o large_a house_n all_o vault_a erect_v upon_o a_o mountain_n or_o plain_n wherein_o they_o also_o present_o put_v the_o coffin_n and_o cover_v it_o with_o as_o much_o earth_n as_o will_v make_v a_o little_a hillock_n which_o they_o adorn_v and_o plant_v in_o wonderful_a order_n and_o symmetry_n with_o tree_n of_o several_a sort_n before_o the_o hillock_n they_o erect_v a_o large_a altar_n of_o white_a polish_v marble_n upon_o which_o they_o place_v a_o great_a candlestick_n of_o marble_n steel_n or_o tin_n and_o upon_o each_o side_n another_o candlestick_n of_o the_o same_o material_n then_o upon_o each_o side_n and_o in_o several_a file_n you_o shall_v see_v range_v in_o very_o good_a order_n a_o great_a number_n of_o figure_n of_o mandarin_n gentleman_n page_n eunuchs_z lion_n horse_n saddele_v camel_n tortoise_n and_o other_o creature_n who_o action_n and_o movement_n be_v represent_v with_o that_o lively_a briskness_n that_o you_o will_v think_v they_o alive_a indeed_o the_o chineses_n be_v very_o happy_a in_o their_o manner_n of_o express_v in_o dead_a sculpture_n the_o most_o lively_a passion_n of_o the_o mind_n as_o joy_n fear_v anger_n melancholy_n and_o the_o like_a they_o reckon_v three_o thousand_o thirty_o six_o man_n famous_a and_o renown_a for_o their_o virtue_n their_o knowledge_n and_o their_o prowess_n their_o loyalty_n towards_o their_o prince_n their_o obedience_n towards_o their_o parent_n or_o for_o some_o good_a work_n or_o action_n perform_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o country_n they_o also_o reckon_v two_o hundred_o and_o eight_o virgin_n and_o widow_n who_o for_o their_o chastity_n their_o courage_n and_o heroic_a action_n be_v think_v worthy_a of_o eternal_a memory_n and_o be_v celebrate_v in_o their_o story_n and_o poesy_n as_o be_v honour_v by_o the_o chinese_n with_o title_n 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that_o it_o be_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o paris_n as_o seven_o to_o eight_o that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o foot_n of_o paris_n exceed_v the_o chinese_n cubit_n a_o seven_o part_n of_o that_o cubit_n but_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v very_o requisite_a to_o know_v the_o proportion_n of_o these_o measure_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o in_o geography_n all_o itinerary_a measure_n be_v â—…o_o be_v reduce_v to_o one_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o have_v be_v great_a labour_n and_o industry_n employ_v in_o all_o age_n and_o among_o all_o the_o more_o eminent_a nation_n to_o determine_v the_o measure_n of_o one_o of_o these_o degree_n but_o with_o so_o little_a success_n and_o so_o much_o uncertainty_n that_o you_o shall_v hardly_o meet_v with_o two_o geographer_n that_o agree_v in_o this_o particular_a as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o their_o work_n and_o more_o especial_o in_o the_o reform_a geography_n of_o father_n riccioli_n a_o jesuit_n who_o have_v make_v a_o large_a collection_n of_o those_o variety_n of_o opinion_n opinion_n â—…would_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o dive_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o both_o their_o error_n or_o of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n to_o determine_v precise_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o degree_n let_v it_o suffice_v therefore_o to_o say_v that_o at_o length_n the_o royal_a society_n of_o science_n at_o paris_n compose_v of_o the_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o most_o ingenious_a astronomer_n and_o geometrician_n of_o europe_n have_v bring_v this_o difficult_a undertake_n to_o perfection_n with_o so_o much_o caution_n care_n and_o exactness_n that_o we_o can_v believe_v that_o future_a age_n will_v be_v able_a to_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o their_o invention_n here_o then_o be_v the_o proportion_n or_o measure_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o several_a country_n the_o measure_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n fathom_n of_o paris_n 57060_o pace_n of_o bolognia_n in_o italy_n 58481_o perch_n of_o rhine_n of_o 12_o foot_n to_o each_o 29556_o parisian_a league_n of_o 2000_o fathom_n 28¼_n middle_a league_n of_o france_n of_o about_o 2282_o fathom_n 25_o sea_n league_n or_o a_o hour_n be_v run_v 20_o english_a miles_n 5000_o foot_n to_o each_o 73_o 1_o 200_o mile_n of_o florence_n of_o 3000_o fathom_n 63_o 1_o 10_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n fathom_n of_o paris_n 2054_o 1600_o league_n of_o 25_o to_o a_o degree_n 9000_o sea_n league_n 7200_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n fathom_n of_o paris_n 6538594_o league_n 25_o to_o a_o degree_n 2864â—…_n sea_n league_n 2291_o 59_o 71_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o degree_n 57660_o fathom_n of_o a_o minute_n 951_o fathom_n of_o a_o second_o 61_o fathom_n suppose_v the_o foot_n of_o paris_n of_o 1440_o part_n the_o foot_n of_o the_o rhine_n or_o leyden_n have_v 1390_o the_o foot_n of_o london_n 1350_o the_o foot_n of_o boloyne_n 1686_o the_o fathom_n of_o florence_n 2â—…80_n value_n of_o a_o degree_n 57060_o fathom_n of_o a_o minute_n 951_o of_o a_o second_o 16_o fathom_n by_o these_o measure_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o say_v that_o a_o degree_n contain_v so_o many_o foot_n of_o france_n or_o spain_n or_o so_o many_o italian_a or_o german_a mile_n if_o you_o do_v not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n tell_v the_o number_n of_o fathom_n and_o foot_n which_o those_o mile_n and_o league_n contain_v and_o the_o measure_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o say_a fathom_n and_o foot_n this_o be_v grant_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o the_o itinerary_a measure_n have_v be_v so_o uncertain_a in_o europe_n till_o now_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v much_o morâ—…_n uncertain_a in_o china_n more_o especial_o consider_v that_o the_o chineses_n be_v very_o ignorant_a in_o geometry_n and_o very_o little_a skill_a in_o astronomy_n and_o for_o that_o the_o missionary_n can_v hardly_o find_v time_n and_o requisite_a convenience_n to_o measure_v a_o degree_n and_o examine_v the_o proportion_n between_o the_o measure_n of_o china_n and_o those_o of_o europe_n however_o they_o have_v already_o rectify_v the_o map_n of_o this_o great_a kingdom_n very_o much_o by_o several_a observation_n and_o illustrate_v many_o thing_n but_o still_o they_o be_v frequent_o oblige_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o chinese_n author_n â—…s_n father_n magaillans_n acknowledge_v in_o this_o place_n because_o the_o bigness_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o cubit_n and_o furlong_n with_o the_o measure_n of_o europe_n be_v still_o unknown_a father_n riccioli_n upon_o the_o authority_n of_o father_n martini_n believe_v the_o chinese_n cubit_n to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a foot_n of_o vilalpandus_n but_o i_o find_v by_o the_o measure_n mark_v down_o by_o father_n magaillans_n that_o it_o be_v lesâ—…_n by_o about_o a_o seventeen_o part_n the_o father_n massei_n trigaut_n and_o
be_v dispatch_v away_o before_o with_o a_o little_a kind_n of_o a_o trencher_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v pai_n upon_o which_o be_v write_v the_o name_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o officer_n with_o his_o name_n and_o seal_v at_o the_o bottom_n so_o soon_o as_o that_o be_v see_v they_o cleanse_v and_o make_v ready_a the_o palace_n where_o he_o be_v to_o lodge_n which_o preparation_n be_v more_o or_o less_o sumptuous_a according_a to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o diet_n porter_n horse_n chair_n litter_n or_o barge_n if_o he_o be_v to_o go_v by_o water_n and_o in_o a_o word_n of_o whatever_o it_o be_v that_o be_v needful_a in_o these_o hostery_n likewise_o be_v entertain_v proportionable_o all_o sort_n of_o other_o person_n whether_o chineses_n or_o foreigner_n to_o who_o the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o grant_v that_o favour_n the_o convenience_n of_o which_o i_o find_v myself_o when_o i_o be_v send_v some_o year_n ago_o to_o macao_n in_o these_o place_n the_o king_n courier_n take_v what_o they_o have_v occasion_n for_o either_o for_o speedy_a have_v or_o refreshment_n there_o they_o find_v horse_n ready_a saddle_v but_o for_o fear_v they_o shall_v not_o be_v always_o ready_a a_o furlong_n or_o two_o before_o the_o courier_n arrive_v at_o the_o hostery_n or_o inn_n the_o courier_n give_v several_a loud_a bang_n upon_o a_o basin_n call_v lô_o which_o he_o carry_v behind_o his_o back_n and_o then_o they_o saddle_v a_o horse_n for_o he_o with_o all_o the_o speed_n imaginable_a so_o that_o he_o present_o mount_v and_o leave_v his_o other_o horse_n behind_o he_o without_o any_o far_a trouble_n the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n contain_v eleven_o million_o five_o hundred_o and_o two_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o family_n not_o include_v the_o woman_n child_n poor_a people_n mandarins_n employ_v soldier_n bachelor_n of_o art_n licentiate_n doctor_n mandarin_n dispense_v with_o from_o service_n such_o as_o live_v upon_o the_o river_n the_o bonze_n funuch_n nor_o any_o that_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a blood_n for_o they_o only_o reckon_v those_o that_o cultivate_v the_o land_n and_o pay_v the_o king_n rent_n and_o tribute_n so_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n fifty_o nine_o million_o seven_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o eight_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o male_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o civil_a order_n of_o china_n the_o military_a order_n contain_v six_o hundred_o twenty_o nine_o large_a fortress_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n and_o of_o great_a importance_n either_o upon_o the_o frontier_n as_o the_o key_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o keep_v out_o the_o tartar_n or_o upon_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o province_n against_o rebel_n and_o robber_n the_o chineses_n call_v they_o quan_fw-mi and_o that_o of_o xam_n hái_fw-la of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o be_v one_o of_o the_o number_n there_o be_v five_o hundred_o sixty_o seven_o fortress_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n which_o be_v call_v guéi_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n and_o that_o same_o place_n call_v tien_n â—…ìm_fw-la gâ—…êi_fw-la or_o fortress_n of_o the_o well_o of_o heaven_n of_o which_o father_n martini_n speak_v in_o his_o atlas_n p._n 36._o be_v of_o the_o same_o number_n by_o which_o you_o may_v guess_v at_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o fortress_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n they_o reckon_v three_o hundred_o and_o eleven_o fortress_n of_o the_o three_o rank_n call_v sò_n three_o hundred_o of_o the_o four_o rank_n call_v chin_n which_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n and_o the_o same_o signification_n with_o those_o of_o the_o five_o civil_a order_n and_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o of_o the_o five_o rank_n call_v paò._n there_o be_v a_o hundred_o fortress_n of_o the_o six_o rank_n call_v pù_n and_o last_o three_o hundred_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n call_v chái_n these_o latter_a be_v of_o several_a sort_n for_o some_o of_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o field_n and_o serve_v for_o place_n of_o refuge_n for_o the_o countryman_n who_o retire_v thither_o with_o their_o cattle_n and_o good_n when_o any_o tartar_n robber_n or_o rebel_n harrass_n the_o country_n as_o also_o when_o the_o emperor_n army_n be_v upon_o their_o march._n other_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o precipice_n of_o steep_a mountain_n to_o which_o there_o be_v no_o other_o ascent_n but_o by_o step_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o rock_n or_o by_o the_o help_n of_o laâ—…ders_n make_v of_o rope_n or_o wood_n which_o they_o remove_v as_o they_o please_v themselves_o and_o these_o fortress_n general_o have_v no_o wall_n because_o they_o need_v none_o other_o be_v seat_v upon_o mountain_n which_o be_v nevertheless_o approachable_a and_o therefore_o on_o that_o side_n where_o they_o lie_v open_a they_o be_v guard_v with_o a_o double_a or_o treble_a wall_n and_o both_o of_o these_o and_o of_o the_o other_o before_o recite_v i_o have_v see_v several_a in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_a and_o xensi_fw-la by_o this_o account_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o fortify_v place_n amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o two_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o fifty_o seven_o which_o be_v add_v to_o those_o of_o the_o civil_a order_n make_v up_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o two._n beside_o which_o there_o be_v within_o and_o without_o the_o great_a wall_n that_o environ_v china_n above_o three_o thousand_o tower_n or_o castle_n call_v tai_n of_o which_o every_o one_o have_v its_o proper_a name_n in_o those_o tower_n be_v keep_v guard_n and_o watch_v all_o the_o year_n long_o which_o give_v the_o alarm_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o day_n time_n by_o erect_v a_o banner_n upon_o one_o of_o the_o high_a tower_n and_o in_o the_o night_n by_o set_v up_o a_o light_v flambeau_n shall_v we_o reckon_v these_o tower_n or_o castle_n among_o the_o fortify_v place_n of_o which_o these_o latter_a will_v make_v a_o eight_o order_n there_o will_v be_v then_o in_o all_o five_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o fifty_o seven_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n ago_o a_o certain_a mandarin_n of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o arm_n compile_v two_o volume_n which_o he_o dedicate_v to_o the_o emperor_n and_o which_o he_o entitle_v kiu_fw-mi pien_fw-mi tu_fw-la uxe_n the_o practice_n of_o the_o map_n of_o the_o nine_o frontier_n he_o mean_v by_o that_o the_o nine_o quarter_n into_o which_o he_o have_v divide_v the_o great_a wall_n that_o environ_v a_o part_n of_o china_n for_o four_o hundred_o and_o five_o portugese_n league_n together_o which_o make_v 23_o degree_n and_o ten_o minute_n from_o east_n to_o west_n from_o the_o city_n of_o cain_n yêun_n seat_v at_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o country_n call_v leâo_o tumm_n to_o that_o of_o cân_n so_o or_o camn_v cheu_o seat_v upon_o the_o border_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o this_o too_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o fortification_n run_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n for_o shall_v we_o take_v in_o all_o the_o turn_n and_o wind_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o wall_n the_o whole_a without_o question_n will_v amount_v to_o above_o five_o hundred_o portugal_n league_n in_o those_o book_n he_o represent_v in_o three_o map_n all_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o mountain_n that_o be_v accessible_a and_o in_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o nine_o other_o great_a map_n thirteen_o hundred_o twenty_o seven_o fortress_n great_a and_o small_a which_o he_o say_v be_v all_o necessary_a to_o prevent_v the_o inroad_n of_o tartar_n so_o that_o if_o the_o chineses_n be_v not_o so_o negligent_a so_o cowardly_a so_o covetous_a and_o perfidious_a to_o their_o prince_n as_o they_o be_v the_o tartar_n can_v never_o have_v surmount_v those_o wall_n nor_o get_v footing_n within_o those_o castle_n so_o well_o dispose_v in_o all_o place_n requisite_a and_o so_o strong_o fortify_v as_o well_o by_o nature_n as_o by_o art._n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v apparent_a as_o well_o by_o their_o own_o history_n as_o by_o what_o we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o time_n that_o the_o tartar_n can_v never_o enter_v into_o china_n but_o when_o either_o the_o cowardice_n or_o the_o treacherous_a avarice_n of_o the_o commander_n open_v they_o a_o passage_n this_o the_o tartar_n know_v and_o therefore_o offer_v they_o a_o moiety_n of_o their_o plunder_n and_o booty_n and_o be_v no_o less_o punctual_a in_o their_o performance_n then_o they_o have_v be_v liberal_a in_o their_o promise_n upon_o their_o return_n into_o tartary_n for_o the_o continuance_n of_o which_o trade_n they_o always_o leave_v a_o passage_n open_a for_o these_o inroad_n which_o the_o tartar_n fail_v not_o to_o make_v twice_o a_o year_n nor_o can_v all_o the_o rigorous_a punishment_n which_o the_o king_n inflict_v upon_o several_a of_o those_o traitor_n deter_v the_o rest_n from_o their_o disloyal_a traffic_n with_o his_o enemy_n or_o if_o he_o at_o any_o time_n do_v
admit_v the_o least_o thought_n of_o revolt_n to_o slide_v into_o their_o heart_n as_o rather_o to_o be_v the_o bulwark_n and_o fortress_n of_o his_o kingdom_n these_o be_v the_o nine_o rule_n or_o maxim_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la sius_fw-la what_o follow_v be_v the_o exposition_n of_o a_o commentatour_n if_o the_o king_n say_v he_o put_v in_o practice_n these_o nine_o rule_n he_o may_v immortallize_v his_o reign_n and_o not_o only_o acquire_v great_a renown_n but_o attain_v the_o end_n for_o which_o heaven_n have_v advance_v he_o to_o so_o high_a a_o degree_n of_o dignity_n for_o if_o a_o prince_n govern_v himself_o well_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o shall_v also_o obtain_v that_o sovereign_a perfection_n and_o universal_a virtue_n of_o golden_a mediocrity_n he_o shall_v be_v a_o crystal_n mirror_n wherein_o his_o subject_n may_v behold_v themselves_o and_o a_o live_a rule_n and_o enliven_v d_o model_n for_o they_o to_o imirate_n if_o he_o esteem_v and_o honour_n man_n of_o learning_n and_o virtue_n with_o equal_a complacency_n they_o will_v discover_v to_o he_o the_o method_n and_o maxim_n of_o good_a government_n he_o will_v every_o day_n become_v more_o and_o more_o enlighten_v and_o acquire_v prudence_n judgement_n experience_n and_o knowledge_n how_o to_o govern_v himself_o and_o his_o people_n and_o he_o will_v find_v himself_o from_o moment_n to_o moment_n less_o uncertain_a and_o less_o entangle_v in_o the_o conduct_n of_o affair_n both_o of_o his_o house_n and_o kingdom_n if_o he_o love_v his_o uncle_n brother_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o kindred_n they_o will_v live_v together_o with_o he_o and_o serve_v he_o with_o concord_n and_o satisfaction_n if_o he_o favour_v and_o cherish_v his_o grandee_n they_o will_v be_v faithful_a and_o diligent_a they_o will_v serve_v he_o as_o instrument_n to_o increase_v his_o power_n they_o will_v act_v sincere_o and_o just_o in_o all_o affair_n of_o importance_n in_o a_o word_n they_o will_v be_v a_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o he_o in_o all_o thing_n nor_o shall_v he_o ever_o be_v expose_v while_o he_o make_v use_v of_o their_o counsel_n to_o be_v without_o a_o guide_n and_o hazard_v his_o dominion_n by_o the_o rash_a error_n of_o his_o government_n if_o he_o consider_v his_o subject_n as_o his_o own_o member_n they_o will_v do_v their_o utmost_a to_o serve_v he_o with_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o entire_a sidelity_n in_o return_n of_o their_o prince_n s_o esteem_n and_o favour_n if_o he_o love_v his_o people_n as_o his_o child_n he_o will_v fill_v their_o heart_n with_o joy_n and_o affection_n while_o they_o on_o the_o other_o side_n prostrate_v themselves_o at_o his_o foot_n ensâ—…amed_v with_o love_n and_o veneration_n for_o their_o king_n their_o parent_n and_o their_o master_n if_o he_o invite_v to_o his_o court_n artificer_n and_o artist_n of_o all_o sort_n they_o will_v make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o settle_v or_o improve_v commerce_n agriculture_n and_o all_o such_o trade_n and_o art_n to_o which_o they_o have_v be_v breed_v thus_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v enrich_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o people_n the_o whole_a empire_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o will_v live_v in_o plenty_n and_o enjoy_v a_o abound_a and_o durable_a peace_n if_o he_o be_v courteous_a and_o liberal_a to_o ambassador_n and_o other_o foreigner_n the_o fame_n of_o his_o virtue_n will_v spread_v itself_o to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o distant_a nation_n will_v glory_v to_o be_v under_o his_o subjection_n if_o he_o cherish_v in_o his_o bosom_n the_o great_a lord_n of_o his_o kingdom_n he_o will_v excite_v they_o to_o all_o the_o heroic_a and_o illustrious_a action_n of_o which_o their_o quality_n and_o nobility_n render_v they_o capable_a and_o all_o with_o a_o respectful_a awe_n and_o ardent_a affection_n for_o their_o prince_n will_v embrace_v virtue_n and_o be_v guard_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o bulwark_n to_o the_o empire_n these_o be_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o commentator_n upon_o the_o nine_o rule_n of_o good_a government_n i_o translate_v they_o out_o of_o chinese_n into_o portugueze_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o essay_n man_n may_v be_v able_a to_o judge_v of_o their_o sentiment_n upon_o this_o subject_a and_o the_o reader_n more_o clear_o understand_v the_o rest_n that_o follow_v the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v distinguish_v into_o nine_o order_n and_o every_o order_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o degree_n for_o example_n it_o be_v say_v such_o a_o one_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o order_n or_o else_o he_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o order_n this_o division_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o only_o the_o particular_a title_n which_o the_o king_n give_v they_o without_o any_o respect_n to_o their_o employment_n for_o though_o usual_o the_o mandarin_n be_v of_o a_o order_n superior_a or_o inferior_a according_a to_o the_o dignity_n of_o their_o employment_n nevertheless_o that_o be_v no_o general_a rule_n because_o sometime_o be_v happen_v that_o to_o recompense_v the_o merit_n of_o a_o person_n who_o office_n have_v be_v usual_o enjoy_v by_o a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o inferior_a order_n the_o king_n may_v give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o or_o second_o order_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o punish_v a_o person_n who_o office_n belong_v to_o the_o superior_a mandarin_n he_o debase_v he_o to_o the_o title_n of_o mandarin_n of_o the_o inferior_a order_n and_o the_o knowledge_n distinction_n and_o subordination_n of_o these_o order_n be_v so_o perfect_a and_o exact_a the_o veneration_n and_o submission_n of_o the_o latter_a towards_o the_o former_a be_v so_o great_a and_o last_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o the_o prince_n over_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o so_o absolute_a that_o i_o never_o meet_v with_o any_o thing_n that_o can_v compare_v with_o it_o among_o all_o the_o search_v i_o have_v make_v into_o any_o of_o our_o government_n whether_o temporal_a or_o ecclesiastical_a the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o order_n be_v counsellor_n of_o the_o king_n council_n of_o state_n which_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o the_o high_a dignity_n to_o which_o a_o learned_a man_n can_v arrive_v in_o this_o empire_n they_o have_v several_a name_n and_o several_a title_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a annex_v to_o their_o office_n of_o which_o the_o most_o common_a be_v nui_fw-la co_n co_z lao_n caiazzo_n siam_n siam_n cum_fw-la siam_n queen_n yet_o all_o these_o with_o little_a difference_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o assistant_n judge_n lateral_a and_o supreme_a counsellor_n to_o the_o king._n there_o be_v also_o several_a hall_n in_o the_o king_n palace_n magnificent_a as_o well_o for_o their_o architecture_n as_o for_o their_o spaciousness_n and_o furniture_n which_o be_v distinguish_v into_o inferior_a or_o superior_a according_a to_o the_o business_n therein_o transact_v for_o when_o the_o king_n will_v bestow_v any_o great_a favour_n upon_o some_o one_o of_o his_o counsellor_n he_o give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o one_o of_o those_o hall_n as_o chum_n chie_a tien_n that_o be_v to_o say_v supreme_a royal_a hall_n of_o the_o middle_a and_o then_o he_o add_v this_o new_a title_n to_o his_o usual_a name_n the_o king_n also_o give_v they_o other_o title_n by_o which_o they_o acquire_v a_o extraordinary_a same_n and_o honour_n when_o they_o merit_v those_o title_n by_o any_o glorious_a action_n as_o que_fw-fr chu_fw-mi which_o signify_v the_o pillar_n that_o support_v the_o empire_n of_o these_o counsellor_n there_o be_v no_o determine_a number_n be_v sometime_o more_o sometime_o few_o as_o it_o please_v the_o emperor_n who_o choose_v they_o at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n out_o of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o other_o tribunal_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v always_o one_o call_v neu_n siam_n who_o be_v their_o precedent_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o emperor_n be_v prime_a minister_n and_o favourite_n the_o tribunal_n of_o these_o counsellor_n as_o it_o be_v the_o high_a of_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o empire_n so_o it_o be_v also_o place_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o supreme_a royal_a hall_n where_o the_o king_n give_v audience_n and_o receive_v the_o homage_n of_o the_o mandarin_n when_o he_o go_v abroad_o and_o here_o we_o must_v observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o among_o the_o chinese_n the_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o place_n of_o honour_n this_o tribunal_n be_v call_v nui_fw-la yuen_v or_o the_o tribunal_n within_o the_o king_n palace_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n the_o first_o be_v the_o king_n counsellor_n of_o who_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v these_o be_v to_o view_v examine_v and_o judge_v of_o all_o the_o memorial_n which_o the_o six_o chief_a tribunal_n of_o
which_o more_o in_o due_a place_n present_v to_o the_o king_n upon_o all_o important_a affair_n of_o the_o empire_n whether_o they_o relate_v to_o peace_n or_o war_n or_o whether_o to_o cause_n civil_a or_o criminal_a when_o they_o have_v determine_v they_o they_o communicate_v their_o judgement_n to_o the_o king_n in_o a_o very_a short_a extract_n who_o either_o ratisy_n or_o cancelâ—…_n they_o as_o he_o please_v and_o then_o overlooking_a the_o memorial_n at_o large_a himself_o gives_z his_o own_o decision_n as_o he_o think_v the_o cause_n deserve_v they_o that_o compose_v the_o second_o classis_fw-la be_v as_o it_o be_v assistant_n and_o assessor_n to_o the_o king_n counsellor_n and_o be_v very_o powerful_a and_o much_o dread_v and_o respect_v they_o be_v usual_o of_o the_o second_o or_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n and_o be_v many_o time_n prefer_v to_o be_v counsellor_n to_o the_o king_n viceroy_n of_o province_n and_o to_o the_o principal_a office_n of_o the_o six_o supreme_a tribunal_n their_o usual_a title_n be_v ta_o hion_n sum_o or_o the_o learned_a in_o great_a knowledge_n this_o title_n be_v also_o give_v to_o the_o king_n counsellor_n beside_o which_o the_o king_n also_o conser_n other_o very_a honourable_a title_n upon_o the_o mandarin_n of_o these_o two_o classe_n according_a to_o their_o desert_n as_o tai_n cu_z tai_n or_o chief_a governor_n of_o the_o prince_n heir_n of_o the_o crown_n tai_n cu_z tai_n su_fw-es grand_fw-fr master_n to_o the_o same_o prince_n ho_o tien_n ta_o trion_n su_fw-es chief_z letter_v of_o the_o hall_n of_o concord_n and_o the_o like_a the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o three_o classis_fw-la of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v call_v chum_n xu_o co_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o classis_fw-la or_o school_n of_o the_o mandarin_n their_o business_n it_o be_v to_o write_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v write_v out_o the_o affair_n of_o this_o tribunal_n and_o the_o king_n give_v they_o title_n answerable_a to_o the_o place_n and_o hall_n where_o they_o exercise_v their_o function_n they_o be_v usual_o of_o the_o four_o five_o or_o six_o order_n of_o tho_o mandarin_n but_o they_o be_v much_o more_o dread_a than_o those_o of_o the_o two_o precede_a classe_n for_o that_o upon_o they_o sole_o it_o be_v that_o the_o good_a or_o ill_a success_n of_o affair_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n depend_v for_o that_o by_o alter_v add_v or_o leave_v out_o a_o letter_n they_o may_v cause_v either_o the_o gain_n or_o lose_v of_o a_o suit._n insomuch_o that_o many_o time_n through_o their_o wilful_a mistake_n the_o most_o innocent_a lose_v their_o estate_n their_o reputation_n and_o their_o life_n so_o great_a a_o power_n have_v corruption_n and_o avarice_n over_o that_o nation_n and_o such_o a_o energy_n of_o expression_n and_o nicety_n of_o equivocal_a interpretation_n lie_v in_o the_o chinese_n letter_n moreover_o beside_o these_o three_o classe_n there_o belong_v to_o this_o tribunal_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o scrivener_n proctor_n reuâ—…sers_n and_o other_o officer_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o eleven_o supreme_a tribunal_n or_o of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o letter_n and_o the_o five_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o military_a affair_n beside_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n there_o be_v yet_o eleven_o chief_a tribunal_n more_o between_o which_o the_o king_n of_o china_n two_o thousand_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n share_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o which_o remain_v to_o this_o present_a day_n that_o be_v to_o say_v six_o of_o learned_a mandarin_n which_o they_o call_v lo_o pu_o and_o five_o of_o military_a mandarin_n that_o be_v call_v ù_fw-mi fu_fw-mi and_o of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o first_o of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n of_o the_o learned_a be_v call_v li_n pu_o who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o have_v power_n to_o confer_v or_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o employment_n the_o second_o hu_o pu_o have_v the_o superintendence_n over_o all_o the_o imposition_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n the_o third_n li_n pu_o have_v the_o management_n and_o order_n of_o all_o the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n the_o four_o pim_n pu_o take_v care_n of_o all_o the_o arm_n captain_n and_o soldier_n throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o five_o he_o pu_fw-fr take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o crime_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o all_o offender_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o six_o cum_fw-la pu_fw-fr have_v the_o oversee_n of_o all_o the_o king_n work_n and_o building_n these_o six_o tribunal_n have_v a_o jurisdiction_n over_o almost_o all_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o court_n but_o be_v absolute_a over_o all_o in_o the_o province_n by_o who_o they_o be_v dread_v and_o obey_v though_o at_o never_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n as_o if_o they_o be_v under_o their_o eye_n but_o in_o regard_v their_o power_n be_v so_o large_a and_o of_o so_o great_a a_o extent_n for_o fear_v lest_o any_o one_o among_o they_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o his_o authority_n to_o raise_v sedition_n and_o lie_v hold_v of_o any_o opportunity_n to_o revolt_v their_o employment_n be_v regulate_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o these_o tribunal_n that_o can_v determine_v the_o business_n with_o which_o they_o be_v entrust_v without_o the_o interposition_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o rest_n as_o we_o see_v every_o day_n and_o have_v find_v true_a by_o woeful_a experience_n in_o the_o time_n of_o our_o persecution_n during_o which_o we_o be_v send_v to_o all_o these_o tribunal_n for_o the_o determination_n of_o several_a circumstance_n in_o the_o palace_n belong_v to_o every_o one_o of_o these_o six_o tribunal_n there_o be_v always_o a_o hall_n and_o a_o apartment_n for_o one_o mandarin_n call_v co_n li_n or_o overseer_n who_o examine_v either_o public_o or_o private_o all_o that_o be_v do_v in_o his_o tribunal_n and_o if_o he_o find_v any_o disorder_n or_o any_o injustice_n he_o present_o give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o king._n which_o mandarin_n be_v neither_o subject_n nor_o superior_a to_o his_o tribunal_n but_o only_o a_o overseer_n or_o controller_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o the_o chief_a precedent_n of_o these_o six_o tribunal_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o second_o order_n of_o mandarin_n they_o be_v call_v xam_n xu_o for_o example_n li_n pu_fw-fr xam_n xu_o that_o be_v chief_z precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n hâ—…_n pu_fw-fr xam_n xu_o chief_a precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n every_o one_o of_o these_o precedent_n have_v two_o assessor_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v call_v tso_n xi_o lamb_n or_o precedent_n of_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o other_o you_o xi_o lamb_n or_o precedent_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n which_o assessor_n be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o second_o order_n all_o these_o three_o precedent_n have_v several_a other_o title_n beside_o for_o example_n the_o first_o be_v call_v ta_o tamburlaine_n the_o great_a or_o first_o hall_n the_o second_o the_o hall_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o three_o the_o hall_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n these_o six_o tribunal_n be_v plant_v according_a to_o their_o rank_n close_o by_o the_o king_n palace_n on_o the_o east_n side_n in_o large_a magnificent_a square_a structure_n the_o side_n of_o which_o be_v every_o way_n a_o musket_n shoot_v and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n these_o structure_n have_v every_o one_o three_o division_n of_o door_n court_n and_o apartment_n the_o first_o precedent_n possess_v that_o in_o the_o middle_n which_o begin_v at_o the_o street_n with_o a_o portal_n that_o have_v three_o door_n and_o run_v along_o through_o other_o door_n portal_n and_o court_n beautify_v with_o portico_n and_o gallery_n support_v by_o fair_a pillar_n till_o you_o come_v to_o a_o spacious_a hall_n where_o the_o first_o precedent_n sit_v with_o his_o assessor_n and_o many_o other_o mandarin_n who_o have_v their_o particular_a title_n but_o be_v general_o call_v mandarin_n of_o the_o great_a hall._n beyond_o this_o hall_n there_o be_v another_o court_n and_o beyond_o that_o another_o lesser_a hall_n where_o the_o first_o precedent_n withdraw_v with_o his_o assessor_n when_o he_o be_v to_o examine_v any_o private_a business_n or_o any_o affair_n of_o extraordinary_a moment_n on_o both_o side_n and_o beyond_o this_o hall_n there_o be_v several_a chamber_n and_o other_o hall_n the_o chamber_n be_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o precedent_n his_o assessor_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n to_o take_v their_o repose_n and_o to_o eat_v their_o meat_n which_o the_o king_n give_v they_o to_o the_o end_n that_o have_v no_o occasion_n to_o go_v to_o their_o own_o
title_n of_o court_n put_v down_o all_o the_o tribunal_n and_o alter_v the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n call_v it_o kiam_fw-la nim_fw-mi and_o the_o province_n kiam_fw-la nâ—…n_n which_o be_v the_o name_n that_o they_o have_v in_o former_a time_n the_o three_o superior_a tribunal_n be_v call_v li_n pu_o which_o have_v the_o oversight_n and_o order_n of_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n art_n and_o science_n this_o tribunal_n take_v care_n of_o the_o royal_a music_n to_o examine_v the_o student_n and_o to_o give_v they_o power_n to_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o learned_a give_v their_o advice_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o title_n and_o honour_n which_o the_o king_n vouchsase_v to_o bestow_v upon_o the_o deserve_n what_o temple_n and_o sacrifice_n the_o king_n ought_v to_o erect_v and_o make_v to_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o sun_n the_o moon_n and_o his_o own_o ancestor_n they_o order_z the_o banquet_n when_o the_o king_n feast_v his_o subject_n or_o foreigner_n they_o receive_v entertain_v and_o discharge_v the_o king_n guest_n and_o all_o ambassador_n they_o take_v care_n of_o the_o liberal_a and_o mechanic_n art_n and_o last_o of_o the_o three_o law_n or_o religion_n which_o be_v observe_v throughout_o the_o empire_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o the_o learned_a the_o second_o that_o of_o the_o tao_n sum_o or_o the_o marry_a bonze_n and_o the_o three_o of_o the_o bachelor_n bonze_v it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o this_o tribunal_n to_o apprehend_v whip_n and_o punish_v they_o all_o and_o in_o this_o very_a tribunal_n it_o be_v that_o we_o be_v all_o of_o we_o imprison_v for_o two_o month_n during_o the_o persecution_n and_o bind_v every_o one_o with_o nine_o chain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o father_n john_n adam_n lewis_n buglio_n ferdinand_n verbiest_n and_o gabriel_n magaillans_n and_o afterward_o deliver_v over_o to_o the_o secular_a power_n on_o each_o side_n of_o this_o tribunal_n stand_v four_o other_o inferior_a tribunal_n among_o which_o the_o care_n of_o those_o thing_n already_o mention_v be_v divide_v the_o first_o be_v call_v ychi_n sum_o or_o the_o tribunal_n of_o important_a affair_n as_o of_o the_o title_n of_o petty_a prince_n duke_n great_a mandarin_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o sum_n ci_fw-fr su_fw-es which_o take_v care_n of_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n the_o temple_n the_o mathematics_n the_o three_o law_n etc._n etc._n the_o three_o chu_n ke_v sum_o which_o take_v care_n to_o entertain_v and_o dispatch_v the_o king_n guest_n whether_o native_n or_o foreigner_n the_o four_o cim_o xen_n xu_o which_o have_v the_o order_n of_o the_o banquet_n which_o be_v prepare_v for_o the_o king_n or_o for_o those_o upon_o who_o the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o bestow_v that_o favour_n when_o the_o chineses_n be_v master_n of_o their_o own_o country_n none_o but_o doctor_n and_o those_o two_o only_a such_o as_o be_v of_o most_o repute_n for_o their_o knowledge_n and_o merit_n be_v admit_v into_o this_o tribunal_n so_o that_o they_o be_v the_o most_o esteem_v and_o such_o as_o stand_v the_o fair_a for_o preferment_n for_o out_o of_o their_o number_n it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o colao_n and_o his_o counsellor_n of_o state._n but_o now_o tartar_n be_v put_v in_o who_o dispose_v of_o all_o thing_n at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n while_o the_o mandarin_n signify_v no_o more_o among_o they_o than_o only_o dumb_a statue_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tribunal_n so_o true_o may_v we_o believe_v it_o to_o have_v be_v the_o will_n of_o god_n to_o chastise_v and_o bring_v down_o the_o incredible_a pride_n of_o this_o nation_n by_o subdue_a and_o subject_v they_o to_o a_o small_a handful_n of_o poor_a ignorant_a rustic_a barbarian_n as_o if_o god_n for_o the_o punishment_n of_o europe_n shall_v deliver_v it_o over_o into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o cafer_n of_o angola_n or_o mozambique_n but_o though_o the_o name_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v altogether_o like_o that_o of_o the_o former_a nevertheless_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n for_o the_o character_n of_o the_o first_o syllable_n li_n be_v nothing_o alike_o and_o the_o pronunciation_n also_o be_v very_o different_a the_o first_o be_v pronounce_v by_o shrill_a and_o raise_v the_o voice_n which_o we_o therefore_o mark_v with_o a_o acute_a accent_n li._n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o second_o be_v pronounce_v by_o fall_v the_o voice_n and_o therefore_o mark_v with_o a_o grave_a accent_n lì_n thus_o according_a to_o the_o first_o signification_n li_n signify_v mandarin_n and_o pu_o tribunal_n and_o both_o together_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n according_a to_o the_o second_o pronunciation_n lì_n signify_v rite_n or_o ceremony_n and_o join_v with_o pu_o the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n this_o equivocal_a signification_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o among_o the_o tartar_n who_o call_v the_o first_o tribunal_n hafan_n xurgan_n or_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o that_o hafan_n signify_v a_o tribunal_n and_o xurgan_n mandarin_n and_o the_o second_o toro_n xurgan_n or_o the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n the_o four_o superior_a tribunal_n be_v call_v pim_n pu_o which_o have_v the_o order_n of_o war_n and_o military_a affair_n over_o the_o whole_a empire_n this_o choose_v and_o advance_v all_o the_o officer_n dispose_n of_o their_o command_n in_o the_o army_n in_o the_o garrison_n upon_o the_o frontier_n in_o the_o inland_a fortress_n and_o in_o all_o part_n of_o china_n this_o order_n the_o levy_n and_o exercise_n of_o the_o soldier_n replenish_v the_o grand_a arsenal_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o magazine_n with_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a with_o ammunition_n and_o provision_n and_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o to_o the_o palace_n of_o this_o tribunal_n belong_v four_o more_o that_o be_v inferior_a the_o first_o be_v call_v vu_z sve_v sum_z and_o takes_z care_n to_o make_v choice_n and_o to_o confer_v upon_o the_o military_a mandarin_n their_o command_n and_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o exercise_v their_o soldier_n the_o second_o be_v call_v i_o fam_fw-la su_fw-es and_o takes_z care_n to_o distribute_v the_o soldier_n and_o military_a officer_n into_o all_o the_o place_n and_o post_n of_o the_o empire_n for_o the_o pursuit_n of_o robber_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n the_o three_o be_v call_v i_o kia_n sum_o and_o takes_z care_n of_o the_o king_n horse_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o frontier_n and_o in_o place_n of_o importance_n as_o those_o that_o be_v appoint_v for_o postage_n and_o the_o service_n of_o the_o royal_a inns._n they_o have_v also_o the_o order_n of_o the_o wagon_n and_o boat_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o transportation_n of_o provision_n and_o soldier_n the_o four_o be_v call_v vu_z cu_z sum_z and_o takes_z care_n for_o the_o make_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a and_o that_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o good_a order_n and_o fit_a for_o service_n in_o all_o the_o magazine_n and_o arsenal_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o five_o superior_a tribunal_n be_v call_v he_o pu_o like_o the_o tournelle_n or_o parliamental_a criminal_a court_n in_o france_n and_o extend_v its_o power_n over_o the_o whole_a empire_n they_o examine_v try_v and_o punish_v all_o criminal_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v almost_o all_o of_o they_o very_o just_a and_o conformable_a to_o reason_n so_o that_o if_o the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o tribunal_n and_o consequent_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n do_v but_o right_o observe_v they_o there_o will_v not_o be_v those_o act_n of_o injustice_n and_o tyranny_n which_o be_v commit_v every_o day_n for_o now_o there_o be_v hardly_o a_o cause_n that_o be_v try_v according_a to_o reason_n and_o justice_n he_o that_o give_v money_n be_v always_o in_o the_o right_n till_o another_o give_v more_o and_o then_o he_o have_v more_o right_o on_o his_o side_n gold_n silver_n piece_n of_o silk_n and_o other_o present_v govern_v there_o instead_o of_o law_n reason_n and_o justice_n be_v there_o put_v to_o sale_n as_o in_o a_o open_a market_n by_o portsale_n or_o outcry_n who_o give_v most_o this_o nation_n suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v so_o blind_v by_o their_o avarice_n that_o they_o can_v be_v divert_v from_o it_o by_o all_o the_o rigorous_a punishment_n which_o the_o king_n sometime_o order_n to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o those_o that_o be_v convict_v of_o their_o corruption_n and_o extortion_n all_o the_o tribunal_n of_o this_o court_n take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o the_o crime_n and_o offence_n of_o such_o as_o be_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o employment_n however_o when_o the_o crime_n deserve_v more_o than_o ordinary_a
severity_n of_o punishment_n as_o confiscation_n of_o good_n banishment_n or_o death_n then_o after_o they_o have_v inform_v the_o king_n they_o send_v back_o the_o indictment_n and_o the_o person_n indict_v to_o this_o tribunal_n where_o after_o another_o re_fw-mi examination_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o definitive_a sentence_n be_v pronounce_v to_o the_o palace_n appoint_v for_o this_o tribunal_n belong_v fourteen_o more_o inferior_a court_n or_o tribunal_n for_o the_o fourteen_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o second_o tribunal_n the_o torment_n also_o and_o execution_n which_o this_o court_n inflict_v upon_o criminal_n be_v of_o various_a sort_n which_o i_o omit_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v too_o tedious_a i_o shall_v only_o observe_v one_o custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o be_v usual_a in_o europe_n where_o noble_a man_n be_v behead_v and_o ordinary_a offender_n be_v hang_v whereas_o in_o china_n the_o great_a ignominy_n that_o can_v befall_v a_o man_n be_v to_o have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o king_n will_v show_v a_o extraordinary_a favour_n to_o a_o great_a lord_n or_o mandarin_n condem'nd_v to_o die_v he_o send_v he_o a_o very_a soft_a piece_n of_o silk_n to_o be_v hang_v in_o instead_o of_o a_o halter_n and_o the_o reason_n which_o the_o chineses_n give_v to_o justify_v this_o conceit_n of_o they_o be_v this_o because_o they_o say_v that_o of_o necessity_n such_o as_o be_v behead_v must_v have_v be_v disobedient_a to_o their_o parent_n who_o give_v they_o sound_a and_o perfect_a body_n till_o they_o by_o their_o disobedience_n and_o their_o crime_n make_v a_o separation_n and_o disfigurement_n of_o the_o member_n and_o they_o be_v so_o possess_v with_o this_o opinion_n that_o the_o chineses_n will_v buy_v of_o the_o hangman_n the_o body_n of_o the_o malefactor_n execute_v if_o they_o be_v their_o parent_n for_o five_o ten_o or_o twenty_o crown_n nay_o sometime_o they_o will_v not_o spare_v for_o hundred_o and_o thousand_o of_o crown_n according_a to_o their_o wealth_n or_o poverty_n and_o then_o they_o sow_v the_o head_n to_o the_o body_n again_o with_o a_o world_n of_o lamentation_n and_o shower_n of_o tear_n to_o satisfy_v in_o some_o measure_n for_o their_o disobedience_n they_o report_v that_o the_o original_n of_o this_o ceremony_n proceed_v from_o a_o disciple_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la call_v tsem_fw-la â—…su_fw-la this_o philosopher_n lie_v at_o the_o point_n of_o death_n send_v for_o his_o child_n and_o disciple_n and_o after_o he_o have_v show_v they_o his_o head_n his_o arm_n and_o his_o foot_n he_o take_v his_o last_o farewell_n of_o they_o in_o these_o word_n child_n say_v he_o learn_v of_o your_o father_n and_o your_o master_n to_o be_v as_o obedient_a as_o i_o have_v be_v to_o they_o who_o give_v i_o my_o be_v in_o this_o world_n and_o bring_v i_o up_o with_o so_o much_o care_n since_o by_o that_o mean_v i_o have_v preserve_v entire_a and_o perfect_a the_o body_n which_o they_o bestow_v upon_o i_o i_o say_v but_o now_o that_o the_o chineses_n purchase_v the_o body_n of_o parent_n at_o great_a rate_n which_o be_v true_a for_o they_o that_o be_v condemn_v to_o be_v behead_v be_v also_o sentence_v to_o be_v deprive_v of_o common_a burial_n which_o be_v a_o most_o terrible_a infamy_n among_o they_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o hangman_n be_v oblige_v after_o he_o have_v strip_v the_o body_n to_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o next_o ditch_n and_o in_o sell_v the_o body_n he_o expose_v himself_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o be_v severe_o punish_v or_o at_o least_o to_o give_v the_o mandarin_n or_o the_o informer_n that_o discover_v the_o sale_n a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o money_n which_o he_o receive_v and_o therefore_o he_o must_v sell_v dear_a that_o he_o may_v give_v the_o more_o among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o law_n there_o be_v one_o observe_v by_o this_o tribunal_n which_o be_v enact_v by_o one_o of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o which_o i_o can_v omit_v the_o rehearsal_n that_o when_o any_o criminal_a either_o for_o his_o good_a quality_n or_o for_o any_o other_o reason_n deserve_v to_o be_v pity_v whether_o he_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o spring_n the_o winter_n or_o the_o summer_n he_o shall_v be_v reprieve_v till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o next_o autumn_n follow_v for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n upon_o the_o birth_n or_o marriage_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o upon_o any_o other_o cause_n of_o public_a rejoice_v or_o after_o a_o earthquake_n or_o upon_o any_o extraordinary_a alteration_n of_o the_o season_n or_o element_n to_o release_v all_o sort_n of_o prisoner_n except_o some_o few_o that_o be_v except_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v those_o that_o be_v reprieve_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n or_o at_o least_o live_v in_o fair_a hope_n for_o some_o month_n the_o six_o and_o last_o superior_a tribunal_n be_v call_v cu_z pu_fw-fr or_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o public_a work_n this_o tribunal_n take_v care_n to_o build_v and_o repair_v the_o king_n palace_n their_o sepulcher_n and_o temple_n wherein_o they_o honour_v their_o predecessor_n or_o where_o they_o adore_v their_o deity_n the_o sun_n moon_n heaven_n and_o earth_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o palace_n of_o all_o the_o tribunal_n throughout_o the_o empire_n and_o those_o of_o the_o great_a lord_n they_o be_v also_o the_o surveyor_n and_o overseer_n of_o all_o the_o tower_n bridges_n dam_n river_n lake_n and_o of_o all_o thing_n requisite_a to_o render_v river_n navigable_a as_o highway_n wagon_n bark_n boat_n and_o the_o like_a to_o this_o palace_n belong_v four_o more_o inferior_a court_n the_o first_o be_v call_v vincentio_n xen_a su_n which_o examine_v and_o draw_v the_o design_n of_o all_o the_o work_n that_o be_v to_o be_v do_v the_o second_o thou_o hem_o sum_o which_o have_v the_o order_n of_o all_o the_o work-house_n and_o shop_n in_o all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o make_n of_o warlike_a arm_n and_o weapon_n the_o three_o tum_o xui_o sum_o takes_z care_n to_o make_v the_o river_n and_o lake_n navigable_a to_o level_v the_o high_a way_n to_o build_v and_o repair_v bridge_n and_o for_o the_o make_n of_o wagon_n and_o boat_n and_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o convenience_n of_o commerce_n the_o four_o ce_fw-fr tien_n sum_o be_v the_o overseer_n of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o land_n which_o he_o let_v out_o to_o hire_v and_o of_o which_o he_o have_v both_o the_o rent_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o harvest_n by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n have_v under_o they_o four_o and_o forty_o inferior_a court_n which_o have_v their_o peculiar_a palace_n within_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o palace_n of_o that_o tribunal_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v with_o hall_n chamber_n and_o other_o convenience_n every_o one_o of_o these_o forty_o four_o court_n have_v also_o a_o precedent_n and_o twelve_o counsellor_n four_o of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o five_o order_n of_o mandarin_n four_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o five_o and_o the_o other_o four_o of_o the_o six_o order_n in_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o criminal_a tribunal_n the_o number_n of_o judge_n be_v double_a where_o all_o the_o inferior_a tribunal_n have_v a_o precedent_n and_o twenty_o four_o counsellor_n but_o beside_o these_o graduated_a mandarin_n there_o be_v some_o employ_v who_o be_v under_o no_o degree_n and_o yet_o be_v mandarin_n for_o all_o that_o however_o after_o some_o year_n service_n the_o king_n advance_v they_o to_o the_o nine_o and_o eight_o order_n of_o mandarin_n moreover_o all_o these_o tribunal_n have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o prothonotarys_n register_n clerk_n controller_n merchant_n usher_n porter_n messenger_n attendants_z and_o servant_n jailer_n provost_n sergeant_n bailiff_n beadle_n to_o whip_n and_o punish_v offender_n sweeper_n cook_n to_o dress_v their_o viand_n people_n to_o lay_v the_o cloth_n and_o wait_v at_o table_n and_o all_o at_o the_o king_n charge_n observe_v by_o the_o way_n however_o that_o what_o we_o have_v say_v as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o mandarin_n relate_v only_o to_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n for_o at_o present_a their_o number_n be_v double_a in_o all_o the_o court_n for_o example_n the_o low_a court_n which_o consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o twelve_o mandarin_n have_v now_o twenty_o four_o that_o be_v to_o say_v twelve_o tartar_n and_o twelve_o chinese_n these_o be_v the_o six_o tribunal_n that_o govern_v all_o china_n and_o which_o be_v so_o famous_a over_o all_o the_o kingdom_n however_o that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o shall_v grow_v too_o powerful_a the_o ancient_a king_n that_o
establish_a and_o confirm_v they_o share_v their_o employment_n and_o regulate_v their_o function_n with_o so_o much_o prudence_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o which_o be_v so_o absolute_a in_o the_o affair_n which_o be_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n but_o they_o depend_v one_o upon_o another_o for_o example_n the_o first_o precedent_n of_o the_o four_o tribunal_n which_o be_v that_o of_o war_n have_v it_o a_o independent_a authority_n have_v a_o easy_a opportunity_n to_o rebel_v because_o all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v at_o their_o disposal_n but_o they_o want_v money_n and_o therefore_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v have_v the_o king_n leave_n and_o order_n to_o require_v it_o from_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o pioner_n bark_n boat_n wagon_n tent_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n belong_v to_o the_o six_o tribunal_n to_o which_o the_o four_o must_v address_v themselves_o beside_o that_o the_o horse_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o a_o petty_a separate_a tribunal_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o military_a mandarin_n make_v five_o tribunal_n which_o be_v call_v u_o furio_n or_o five_o cass_n their_o palace_n be_v place_v westward_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o palace_n royal_a and_o be_v thus_o distinguish_v by_o their_o name_n the_o first_o be_v call_v heu_fw-la furio_n or_o the_o rereguard_n the_o second_o tso_n su_n or_o the_o left_a wing_n the_o three_o you_o furio_n or_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o four_o chum_n furio_n or_o the_o main_a battle_n and_o the_o five_o lien_n furio_n or_o the_o vanguard_n the_o five_o tribunal_n be_v govern_v by_o fifteen_o great_a lord_n as_o marquess_n count_n etc._n etc._n three_o in_o each_o tribunal_n of_o which_o the_o one_o be_v precedent_n and_o the_o other_o two_o his_o assessor_n they_o be_v all_o fifteen_o of_o the_o first_o order_n of_o the_o mandarin_n but_o the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o that_o order_n and_o the_o assessor_n of_o the_o second_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o the_o court_n be_v under_o their_o care_n these_o five_o tribunal_n have_v one_o superior_a tribunal_n above_o they_o which_o be_v call_v ium_o chim_z fu_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o war_n the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v always_o one_o of_o the_o great_a lord_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o authority_n of_o this_o tribunal_n extend_v itself_o over_o all_o these_o five_o tribunal_n and_o over_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o to_o prevent_v their_o abuse_n so_o large_a a_o power_n they_o be_v curb_v by_o a_o assessor_n set_v over_o they_o who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o learning_n with_o the_o title_n of_o supreme_a regent_n of_o arm_n and_o two_o royal_a controller_n who_o be_v equal_o concern_v in_o the_o management_n of_o affair_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n these_o tribunal_n have_v a_o very_a great_a authority_n and_o be_v much_o more_o high_o honour_v and_o esteem_v nevertheless_o they_o have_v much_o more_o reputation_n than_o real_a power_n in_o regard_n the_o execution_n of_o business_n belong_v to_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o arm_n call_v pim_n pu_fw-fr it_o may_v be_v object_v perhaps_o that_o these_o five_o tribunal_n be_v superfluous_a because_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o four_o of_o the_o six_o superior_a court_n but_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v at_o court_n at_o that_o time_n a_o great_a number_n of_o lord_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v hium_fw-la chin_n or_o vassal_n of_o great_a merit_n who_o ancestor_n have_v assist_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o precede_a race_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n beside_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v no_o passion_n so_o prevail_v over_o the_o chinese_n as_o the_o violent_a ambition_n of_o rule_n and_o command_n as_o be_v that_o wherein_o they_o place_v all_o their_o chief_a glory_n and_o happiness_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o answer_n which_o a_o mandarin_n make_v to_o father_n matthew_n ricci_n for_o that_o same_o father_n discourse_v of_o our_o holy_a law_n and_o of_o that_o eternal_a felicity_n which_o they_o who_o embrace_v it_o enjoy_v hereafter_o come_v come_v say_v the_o mandarin_n hold_v your_o tongue_n and_o lay_v aside_o these_o idle_a conceit_n your_o great_a glory_n and_o happiness_n as_o a_o stranger_n it_o be_v to_o abide_v in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o this_o court._n and_o for_o my_o own_o part_n all_o my_o glory_n and_o happiness_n consist_v in_o this_o same_o girdle_n and_o habit_n of_o a_o mandarin_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v nothing_o but_o fable_n and_o word_n which_o the_o wind_n blow_v away_o mere_a story_n of_o thing_n invisible_a or_o rather_o never_o to_o be_v see_v that_o which_o be_v visible_a be_v to_o command_v other_o gold_n and_o silver_n wife_n and_o concubine_n and_o multitude_n of_o servant_n of_o both_o sex_n these_o be_v visible_a noble_a house_n great_a wealth_n banquet_n divertisement_n these_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o word_n estate_n honour_n and_o glory_n be_v the_o consequence_n of_o be_v a_o mandarin_n this_o be_v all_o the_o felicity_n which_o we_o desire_v and_o enjoy_v in_o this_o large_a empire_n and_o not_o your_o vain_a felicity_n which_o be_v as_o unprofitable_a as_o it_o be_v invisible_a and_o impossible_a to_o obtain_v these_o be_v the_o carnal_a sentiment_n of_o man_n no_o less_o blind_a than_o proud_a and_o haughty_a which_o be_v so_o the_o king_n who_o understand_v the_o humour_n of_o that_o nation_n especial_o of_o the_o grandee_n for_o their_o satisfaction_n be_v think_v themselves_o of_o these_o tribunal_n which_o they_o erect_v and_o regulate_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o give_v they_o a_o opportunity_n to_o satisfy_v their_o ambition_n with_o the_o honour_n and_o profit_n belong_v to_o their_o office_n and_o prevent_v they_o from_o do_v mischief_n by_o the_o small_a authority_n which_o they_o have_v allow_v they_o now_o as_o there_o be_v some_o mandarin_n who_o be_v not_o of_o any_o of_o the_o nine_o order_n which_o be_v call_v vi_o jo_o lieu_n or_o man_n not_o settle_v there_o be_v other_o which_o be_v call_v vu_z pin_n or_o such_o for_o who_o there_o be_v no_o degree_n high_a enough_o or_o such_o who_o merit_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v above_o all_o order_n and_o degree_n these_o be_v the_o petty_a king_n duke_n marquess_n &c._n &c._n which_o govern_v the_o two_o tribunal_n of_o arms._n but_o though_o they_o be_v honour_v with_o title_n and_o some_o small_a authority_n which_o they_o enjoy_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o quality_n of_o mandarin_n nevertheless_o the_o dignity_n of_o duke_n and_o marquess_n which_o their_o great_a service_n have_v purchase_v be_v far_o more_o value_v and_o esteem_v and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o eleven_o superior_a court_n or_o tribunal_n we_o shall_v now_o brief_o give_v you_o a_o prospect_n of_o the_o other_o tribunal_n of_o the_o court_n and_o whole_a empire_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o several_a other_o tribunal_n at_o pekim_n the_o licentiate_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n who_o the_o chineses_n call_v kiu_fw-mi gin_fw-mi or_o man_n famous_a for_o learning_n meet_v together_o every_o three_o year_n at_o the_o court_n at_o pekim_n and_o be_v there_o examine_v for_o thirteen_o day_n together_o a_o month_n after_o the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n be_v give_v to_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o six_o who_o have_v display_v the_o most_o pregnant_a of_o part_n and_o ingenuity_n in_o their_o composition_n out_o of_o these_o young_a doctor_n the_o king_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o young_a and_o most_o ingenious_a and_o prefer_v they_o to_o a_o tribunal_n call_v han_n len_n ve_v that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o garden_n or_o wood_n flourish_v in_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n this_o tribunal_n contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o mandarin_n all_o very_a learned_a and_o the_o most_o sprightly_a wit_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o five_o class_n and_o compose_v five_o tribunal_n with_o the_o name_n and_o employment_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n for_o fear_n of_o be_v tedious_a but_o only_o give_v a_o general_a account_n of_o their_o function_n they_o be_v tutor_n to_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o empire_n who_o they_o instruct_v in_o virtue_n civility_n and_o the_o liberal_a science_n by_o degree_n also_o as_o he_o grow_v in_o year_n they_o teach_v he_o the_o true_a art_n of_o govern_v and_o the_o method_n of_o good_a conduct_n they_o set_v down_o all_o the_o remarkable_a accident_n that_o happen_v either_o at_o court_n or_o throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o which_o most_o deserve_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o posterity_n they_o compile_v the_o general_a history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v always_o at_o
reason_n of_o the_o merit_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o tribunal_n call_v co_n tao_n or_o co_n li_n be_v that_o of_o the_o inspecter_n or_o overseer_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v which_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o class_n like_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n from_o whence_o they_o take_v their_o name_n and_o distinction_n for_o example_n the_o first_o be_v call_v li_n co_n or_o inspecter_n of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n the_o second_o hu_o co_n or_o inspecter_n of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n every_o classis_fw-la be_v compose_v of_o several_a mandarin_n all_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n and_o all_o equal_a so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o he_o that_o keep_v the_o seal_n of_o the_o tribunal_n who_o have_v any_o superiority_n over_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n their_o business_n be_v to_o reprehend_v the_o king_n himself_o for_o any_o miscarriage_n of_o his_o government_n and_o there_o be_v some_o so_o resolute_a and_o undaunted_a that_o they_o will_v rather_o expose_v themselves_o to_o death_n and_o banishment_n than_o forbear_v when_o they_o have_v truth_n on_o their_o side_n which_o they_o will_v tell_v he_o sometime_o to_o his_o face_n and_o sometime_o in_o write_v without_o any_o mince_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o of_o this_o freedom_n as_o we_o meet_v at_o present_a with_o several_a example_n so_o be_v there_o a_o far_o great_a number_n to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o chinese_n history_n many_o time_n also_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o king_n will_v amend_v their_o defect_n and_o magnificent_o reward_v those_o that_o have_v be_v so_o liberal_a of_o their_o reproof_n they_o be_v also_o entrust_v to_o inspect_v the_o disorder_n of_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n and_o to_o inform_v the_o king_n by_o private_a memorial_n the_o king_n likewise_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o tribunal_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o several_a order_n of_o importance_n that_o require_v secrecy_n and_o every_o year_n he_o cull_v out_o three_o to_o be_v visitor_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v call_v siun_z cim_o who_o visit_v all_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o court_n or_o in_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o merchandise_n that_o be_v either_o sophisticated_a or_o prohibit_v the_o second_o be_v call_v sium_n cam_n who_o visit_v the_o burner_n of_o the_o king_n lime_n the_o three_o who_o be_v call_v sium_n xi_o nim_fw-mi ym_fw-mi be_v present_a at_o all_o the_o general_n muster_n the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v only_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n however_o their_o authority_n and_o power_n be_v very_o large_a the_o tribunal_n call_v he_o gin_n sum_o consist_v of_o several_a mandarin_n all_o doctor_n all_o equal_a and_o all_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n like_o those_o of_o the_o precede_a tribunal_n their_o employment_n be_v to_o be_v send_v abroad_o either_o as_o envoy_n or_o ambassador_n either_o to_o distant_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o to_o foreign_a state_n as_o when_o the_o king_n send_v they_o to_o carry_v title_n of_o honour_n to_o the_o mother_n or_o wise_a of_o a_o mandarin_n slay_v in_o the_o war_n or_o after_o he_o have_v do_v the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n eminent_a service_n in_o the_o discharge_n of_o his_o employment_n or_o when_o the_o emperor_n be_v please_v to_o confer_v or_o confirm_v the_o title_n of_o king_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o corea_n or_o any_o other_o neighbour_a sovereign_n these_o embassy_n be_v very_o honourable_a and_o sometime_o no_o less_o gainful_a the_o tribunal_n of_o tai_n li_n sum_o i._n e._n of_o supreme_a reason_n and_o justice_n be_v so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v entrust_v to_o examine_v all_o doubtful_a and_o intricate_a cause_n and_o to_o confirm_v or_o annihilate_v the_o sentence_n of_o other_o tribunal_n especial_o in_o reference_n to_o crime_n that_o concern_v the_o estate_n the_o honour_n and_o life_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n the_o precedent_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n his_o two_o lateral_a judge_n or_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o and_o the_o other_o inferior_a mandarin_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o five_o and_o six_o when_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n condemn_v to_o death_n any_o person_n of_o quality_n or_o other_o person_n of_o mean_a condition_n and_o that_o the_o king_n find_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o sentence_n dubious_a he_o refer_v it_o always_o to_o san_n fa_o sum_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o council_n of_o conscience_n then_o three_o tribunal_n assemble_v together_o the_o tai_n li_z sum_z the_o tu_fw-la li_z yven_v or_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o visitor_n and_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n all_o these_o together_o re_fw-mi examine_v the_o process_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o accuser_n and_o the_o party_n accuse_v and_o many_o time_n revoke_v the_o sentence_n for_o that_o the_o prosecutor_n not_o have_v gain_v the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n nor_o have_v money_n nor_o cunning_a enough_o to_o corrupt_v the_o other_o two_o they_o judge_v according_a to_o reason_n and_o justice_n and_o general_o the_o king_n confirm_v the_o decision_n of_o those_o three_o tribunal_n the_o tribunal_n tum_o chim_z sum_o takes_z care_n to_o have_v the_o king_n order_n and_o command_v proclaim_v at_o court_n and_o diligent_o to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o calamity_n oppression_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o people_n and_o exact_o and_o private_o to_o inform_v the_o emperor_n they_o be_v likewise_o entrust_v to_o send_v to_o the_o king_n or_o else_o to_o bury_v in_o silence_n as_o they_o shall_v deem_v most_o proper_a all_o the_o memorial_n of_o the_o miâ—…itary_a mandarin_n and_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o fourteen_o province_n of_o the_o veteran_n mandarin_n who_o be_v dispense_v with_o from_o all_o manner_n of_o employment_n of_o the_o people_n soldier_n and_o stranger_n that_o come_v from_o foreign_a country_n the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n present_v their_o memorial_n immediate_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o this_o tribunal_n the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n his_o first_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o his_o second_o assessor_n of_o the_o five_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a mandarin_n of_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o order_n the_o tribunal_n tai_n chan_fw-mi sum_z be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o associate_n and_o assistant_n to_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n his_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o five_o and_o six_o order_n they_o take_v particular_a care_n of_o the_o king_n music_n and_o sacrifice_n and_o in_o regard_n these_o sacrifice_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o the_o heaven_n the_o earth_n the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o river_n and_o mountain_n this_o tribunal_n take_v care_n of_o all_o those_o pile_n which_o be_v very_o vast_a and_o magnificent_a they_o also_o take_v care_n of_o the_o marry_a bonze_n who_o be_v general_o alchemist_n and_o fortune-teller_n two_o of_o these_o mandarin_n be_v appoint_v to_o give_v order_n for_o the_o reception_n and_o lodging_n of_o stranger_n that_o come_v to_o court._n last_o they_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o public_a courtesan_n of_o the_o place_n of_o their_o habitation_n and_o of_o those_o that_o govern_v and_o direct_v they_o in_o their_o infamous_a trade_n the_o chineses_n to_o show_v their_o aversion_n to_o those_o miserable_a creature_n call_v they_o â—…am_fw-la â—…a_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v man_n that_o have_v utter_o bury_v in_o oblivion_n eight_o virtue_n viz._n obedience_n to_o theâ—…_n father_n and_o mother_n affection_n for_o their_o brethren_n and_o other_o kindred_n fidelity_n towards_o their_o prince_n sincerity_n honesty_n justice_n modesty_n chastity_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o laudable_a science_n and_o customâ—…_n this_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o those_o two_o word_n which_o the_o chineses_n mark_v with_o only_o two_o letter_n by_o which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v the_o force_n of_o their_o language_n and_o the_o esteem_n which_o they_o have_v for_o virtue_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o follow_v their_o own_o deprave_a inclination_n that_o carry_v they_o headlong_o into_o vice_n the_o tribunal_n quan_fw-mi lo_o su_fw-es or_o of_o the_o royal_a inn_n take_v care_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o wine_n cattle_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n banquet_n and_o for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o such_o as_o be_v treat_v at_o the_o king_n charge_n whether_o chineses_n or_o foreigner_n this_o tribunal_n be_v a_o associate_n to_o that_o of_o the_o ceremony_n the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o
three_o order_n his_o assistant_n one_o of_o the_o four_o the_o other_o of_o the_o five_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n which_o be_v very_o numerous_a of_o the_o seven_o order_n the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o tribunal_n tai_n poo_o sum_o be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n with_o those_o before_o mention_v their_o business_n it_o be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o horse_n as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n service_n as_o for_o the_o war_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o send_v their_o agent_n and_o their_o messenger_n to_o buy_v up_o such_o number_n as_o be_v necessary_a which_o they_o send_v afterward_o to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o war_n to_o which_o this_o tribunal_n be_v a_o assistant_n who_o distribute_v they_o to_o the_o commander_n and_o into_o the_o fortress_n of_o the_o frontier_n during_o the_o government_n of_o the_o chinese_n those_o horse_n be_v all_o buy_v up_o in_o the_o several_a province_n but_o now_o the_o western_a tarter_n bring_v they_o to_o the_o court_n and_o the_o emperor_n buy_v every_o year_n seventy_o thousand_o beside_o what_o the_o great_a lord_n the_o commander_n the_o soldier_n the_o learned_a mandarin_n and_o the_o people_n buy_v which_o amount_v to_o double_a or_o treble_v the_o number_n by_o which_o a_o man_n may_v judge_v of_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o horse_n at_o the_o court_n which_o i_o dare_v not_o presume_v to_o mention_v for_o fear_v it_o shall_v be_v think_v incredible_a kin_n tien_n kien_n be_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mathematics_n the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n his_o two_o assessor_n of_o the_o six_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o seven_o and_o eight_o they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o astronomy_n and_o it_o be_v their_o business_n to_o give_v the_o king_n notice_n of_o the_o time_n and_o day_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o whether_o total_a or_o in_o part_n of_o which_o the_o emperor_n send_v word_n to_o all_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n by_o the_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v prepare_v themselves_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n which_o consist_v in_o their_o beat_n of_o drum_n during_o the_o eclipse_n the_o mandarin_n kneel_v all_o the_o while_n and_o fix_v their_o eye_n upon_o the_o sky_n with_o a_o most_o awful_a reverence_n this_o tribunal_n also_o compose_v the_o calendar_n which_o be_v print_v every_o year_n and_o distribute_v over_o all_o the_o empire_n neither_o be_v it_o lawful_a to_o make_v any_o other_o which_o be_v a_o thing_n forbid_v under_o the_o for_o feiture_n of_o life_n the_o tribunal_n call_v tai_n y_fw-fr yuen_v or_o the_o tribunal_n of_o physic_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o king_n queen_n and_o prince_n physician_n they_o also_o take_v care_n of_o all_o other_o who_o the_o king_n out_o of_o his_o especial_a grace_n and_o favour_n order_v they_o to_o visit_v and_o prepare_v the_o medicine_n themselves_o the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o precede_a tribunal_n and_o both_o belong_v to_o the_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n the_o tribunal_n humh_o lu._n su_n supply_v the_o office_n of_o groom_n porter_n and_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n which_o be_v observe_v when_o the_o king_n give_v audience_n or_o when_o he_o come_v into_o the_o royal_a hall_n to_o receive_v the_o homage_n of_o the_o grandee_n and_o mandarin_n this_o tribunal_n be_v a_o assistant_n to_o that_o of_o the_o ceremony_n the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o four_o order_n the_o assessor_n of_o the_o five_o and_o six_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o seven_o and_o eight_o the_o tribunal_n call_v xam_n len_v yuen_v takeâ—…_n care_n of_o the_o garden_n orchard_n and_o park_n as_o also_o of_o the_o breed_n of_o the_o cattle_n sheep_n pig_n wild_a duck_n fowl_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o creature_n which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o royal_a sacrifice_n feast_n and_o royal_a inns._n it_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n and_o the_o mandarin_n be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n with_o those_o of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mathematics_n and_o physic_n the_o tribunal_n xam_n pao_o sum_o lodge_v in_o the_o palace_n royal._n it_o take_v care_n of_o the_o emperor_n seal_n which_o be_v make_v of_o a_o most_o excellent_a and_o precious_a stone_n as_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o two_o syllable_n xam_n pao_o denote_v it_o be_v square_a and_o almost_o a_o hand_n breadth_n in_o diameter_n when_o any_o tribunal_n have_v a_o occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o this_o tribunal_n be_v oblige_v to_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o king_n and_o after_o it_o have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o be_v lock_v up_o again_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v the_o king_n notice_n of_o that_o too_o they_o be_v entrust_v to_o have_v ready_a at_o all_o time_n the_o seal_n of_o all_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o court_n and_o empire_n and_o to_o order_v what_o letter_n and_o mark_n be_v to_o be_v grave_v upon_o they_o when_o the_o king_n conâ—…ers_v any_o new_a title_n or_o any_o employment_n upon_o any_o person_n or_o when_o upon_o some_o reason_n of_o state_n he_o be_v please_v to_o change_v the_o seal_n when_o the_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o mandarin_n have_v any_o occasion_n to_o confer_v command_n and_o give_v dispatch_n to_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n or_o province_n they_o send_v for_o they_o to_o this_o tribunal_n after_o they_o have_v obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o precedent_n of_o this_o court_n have_v but_o one_o assessor_n but_o they_o be_v both_o doctor_n and_o of_o the_o five_o order_n the_o rest_n be_v of_o the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o have_v be_v make_v mandarin_n out_o of_o favour_n and_o be_v only_o of_o the_o seven_o or_o eight_o order_n the_o tribunal_n call_v kin_n y_o guei_fw-la or_o of_o the_o royal_a guard_n be_v compose_v of_o several_a hundred_o of_o military_a mandarin_n divide_v into_o four_o classe_n they_o of_o the_o first_o classis_fw-la be_v of_o the_o second_o order_n of_o mandarin_n those_o of_o the_o second_o of_o the_o three_o they_o of_o the_o three_o be_v of_o the_o four_o and_o those_o of_o the_o four_o classis_fw-la be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n their_o employment_n be_v to_o guard_v the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n when_o he_o go_v out_o of_o his_o palace_n or_o give_v audience_n to_o the_o grandee_n and_o mandarin_n and_o upon_o this_o tribunal_n it_o be_v that_o he_o rely_v for_o the_o apprehend_n and_o arrest_v of_o person_n considerable_a for_o their_o birth_n or_o dignity_n they_o be_v general_o the_o son_n of_o great_a mandarin_n brother_n or_o otherwise_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o queen_n or_o son_n or_o nephew_n of_o the_o king_n son_n or_o son_n or_o nephew_n of_o the_o mandarin_n who_o have_v perform_v great_a service_n in_o consideration_n of_o which_o the_o king_n bestow_v that_o favour_n upon_o they_o they_o be_v never_o advance_v to_o other_o tribunal_n like_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n who_o change_v continual_o from_o one_o tribunal_n to_o another_o however_o they_o be_v prefer_v in_o their_o own_o tribunal_n and_o frequent_o to_o the_o dignity_n of_o xam_n xu_o which_o be_v the_o title_n of_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n and_o many_o time_n to_o the_o dignity_n of_o colao_n or_o counsellor_n of_o state._n they_o be_v great_o fear_v and_o respect_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o employment_n and_o their_o nobility_n and_o for_o that_o they_o be_v always_o near_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king._n and_o though_o they_o be_v military_a mandarin_n they_o be_v exempt_a from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o pim_n pu_fw-fr or_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o arm_n as_o be_v only_a subject_n to_o the_o king_n to_o this_o tribunal_n belong_v two_o inferior_a tribunal_n that_o abide_v in_o particular_a place_n the_o first_o be_v call_v nan_n chin_n or_o the_o watch_n tower_n of_o the_o south_n the_o second_o pe_n chin_n or_o watch_v tower_n of_o the_o north._n the_o precedent_n of_o these_o two_o tribunal_n be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n and_o the_o inferior_a mandarin_n which_o be_v very_o numerous_a be_v all_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n the_o employment_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o tribunal_n be_v to_o attend_v those_o who_o be_v send_v to_o apprehend_v any_o great_a lord_n and_o of_o the_o second_o to_o receive_v and_o guard_v the_o prisoner_n while_o in_o custody_n till_o they_o be_v release_v by_o the_o king_n order_n or_o deliver_v over_o to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n the_o two_o tribunal_n call_v xui_o que_fw-la su_fw-es be_v proper_o director_n of_o the_o audit_n of_o the_o toll_v which_o all_o thing_n pay_v that_o be_v bring_v to_o pekim_v and_o sell_v
in_o the_o city_n the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o more_o considerable_a take_v care_n to_o set_v guard_n at_o all_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n to_o prevent_v the_o bring_n in_o of_o any_o good_n unless_o they_o be_v first_o register_v and_o pay_v the_o duty_n demand_v the_o second_o receive_v the_o duty_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v in_o the_o city_n as_o slave_n horse_n camel_n cattle_n etc._n etc._n the_o precedent_n of_o these_o tribunal_n be_v of_o the_o seven_o order_n and_o the_o inferior_a mandarin_n of_o the_o eight_o and_o nine_o these_o two_o tribunal_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n tu_fw-la pu_fw-fr be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o the_o king_n household_n their_o employment_n be_v twosold_a the_o first_o be_v to_o arrest_v robber_n and_o malefactor_n and_o to_o make_v out_o their_o process_n and_o than_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v quit_v they_o release_v they_o if_o they_o be_v think_v worthy_a of_o death_n they_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n as_o for_o cut_v purse_n for_o the_o first_o offence_n they_o brand_v they_o upon_o the_o left_a arm_n with_o a_o red_a hot_a iron_n for_o the_o second_o offence_n upon_o the_o right_a arm_n and_o for_o the_o three_o they_o deliver_v the_o offender_n over_o to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n their_o next_o employment_n be_v to_o arrest_v fugitive_n slave_n which_o they_o first_o cause_n to_o be_v punish_v with_o a_o hundred_o lash_n of_o a_o whip_n and_o then_o to_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o master_n but_o of_o late_a year_n they_o be_v mark_v upon_o the_o left_a cheek_n with_o two_o tartar_n and_o two_o chinese_n character_n but_o a_o chinese_n mandarin_n by_o a_o memorial_n beseech_v the_o king_n to_o consider_v that_o the_o punishment_n be_v too_o rigorous_a for_o a_o crime_n that_o be_v rather_o the_o effect_n of_o desire_n of_o liberty_n so_o natural_a to_o all_o mankind_n than_o any_o act_n of_o a_o wicked_a inclination_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n no_o way_n become_v the_o city_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v residence_n to_o behold_v the_o street_n so_o full_a of_o those_o deform_a object_n of_o cruelty_n which_o counsel_n be_v approve_v by_o the_o king_n he_o order_v for_o the_o future_a that_o the_o letter_n shall_v be_v brand_v upon_o the_o left_a arm._n the_o precedent_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v of_o the_o second_o order_n his_o assistant_n be_v of_o the_o three_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n be_v of_o the_o seven_o and_o eight_o to_o this_o tribunal_n there_o belong_v a_o great_a number_n of_o catchpole_n and_o thief_n taker_n who_o with_o a_o industry_n and_o cunning_n more_o than_o ordinary_a discover_v and_o apprehend_v all_o manner_n of_o thief_n robber_n and_o runaway_n slave_n the_o tribunal_n call_v furio_n yn_v be_v that_o of_o the_o two_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o xun_n tien_n furio_n or_o pekim_v but_o the_o first_o name_n be_v not_o in_o use_n because_o pekim_n signify_v proper_o the_o court_n of_o the_o north._n these_o governor_n be_v above_o all_o the_o other_o governor_n of_o all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o of_o the_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n and_o their_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o the_o first_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o all_o the_o student_n and_o all_o the_o man_n of_o learning_n who_o be_v not_o yet_o mandarin_n the_o second_o take_v care_n to_o instruct_v the_o people_n and_o to_o exhort_v they_o to_o live_v in_o peace_n and_o union_n and_o to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o their_o manner_n of_o live_v to_o punish_v those_o that_o introduce_v novelty_n and_o disorder_n to_o cherish_v labour_n and_o industry_n to_o administer_v justice_n equal_o to_o all_o man_n to_o spare_v the_o people_n in_o the_o public_a work_n to_o know_v the_o number_n of_o the_o family_n and_o person_n in_o the_o city_n to_o watch_v day_n and_o night_n in_o redress_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o people_n to_o defend_v they_o against_o the_o wealthy_a and_o potent_a to_o comfort_v and_o ease_v the_o poor_a and_o afflict_a to_o recompense_v the_o virtuous_a relieve_v the_o innocent_a and_o punish_v the_o guilty_a and_o last_o to_o prepare_v the_o place_n and_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o public_a sacrifice_n such_o function_n as_o these_o be_v easy_a demonstration_n that_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o the_o chineses_n call_v the_o governor_n of_o city_n furio_n mu_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o father_n and_o mother_n of_o the_o people_n there_o be_v yet_o two_o tribunal_n more_o call_v tai_n he_o hien_n and_o von_n pin_n hien_n who_o employment_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n upon_o which_o they_o depend_v and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o officer_n belong_v to_o it_o they_o be_v two_o because_o that_o pe_n kim_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o city_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o empire_n where_o the_o city_n be_v say_v to_o be_v double_a or_o single_a according_a to_o the_o largeness_n and_o extent_n of_o their_o territory_n the_o precedent_n of_o these_o tribunal_n in_o city_n where_o the_o court_n be_v keep_v be_v of_o the_o six_o order_n and_o in_o the_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o seven_o order_n and_o the_o four_o inferior_a mandarin_n be_v of_o the_o seven_o eight_o and_o nine_o order_n tâ—…um_fw-mi gin_fw-mi furio_n be_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o grandee_n that_o descend_v from_o father_n to_o son_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n the_o precedent_n be_v one_o of_o those_o that_o enjoy_v the_o title_n of_o king_n and_o be_v always_o a_o person_n venerable_a for_o his_o age_n and_o his_o virtue_n he_o be_v of_o none_o of_o the_o nine_o order_n because_o his_o dignity_n advance_v he_o above_o all_o the_o order_n of_o the_o mandarin_n his_o assessor_n also_o be_v always_o 2_o dignify_v lord_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n who_o be_v of_o no_o order_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o these_o officer_n take_v care_n to_o distribute_v the_o pension_n which_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n kindred_n of_o the_o male_a line_n who_o whether_o they_o be_v great_a lord_n or_o poor_a and_o at_o least_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o generation_n distant_a in_o blood_n have_v nevertheless_o some_o pension_n all_o of_o they_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o proximity_n of_o alliance_n they_o have_v all_o the_o privilege_n to_o paint_v their_o house_n and_o their_o furniture_n with_o red_a but_o in_o regard_n the_o precede_a family_n have_v reign_v for_o two_o hundred_o seventy_o seven_o year_n the_o descendants_n from_o it_o be_v multiply_v to_o that_o degree_n and_o spread_v to_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o source_n of_o the_o pedigree_n and_o their_o divide_a revenue_n consequent_o so_o small_a that_o several_a of_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o follow_v trade_n for_o their_o subsistence_n so_o that_o when_o i_o enter_v first_o into_o the_o empire_n i_o meet_v with_o one_o in_o the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o kiam_fw-la sì_n that_o be_v a_o common_a porter_n and_o to_o distinguish_v himself_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o companion_n carry_v the_o instrument_n of_o his_o profession_n at_o his_o back_n very_o bright_a and_o varnish_v over_o with_o red_a there_o be_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o they_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n disperse_v all_o over_o the_o empire_n who_o abuse_v the_o privilege_n of_o their_o birth_n commit_v a_o thousand_o insolence_n and_o extortion_n upon_o the_o poor_a people_n but_o they_o have_v be_v all_o since_o utter_o extirpate_v together_o with_o the_o family_n from_o whence_o they_o descend_v at_o present_a the_o kindred_n of_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n that_o now_o reign_n be_v all_o great_a lord_n and_o live_v at_o court_n but_o if_o their_o dominion_n long_o endure_v they_o will_v multiply_v and_o their_o number_n become_v no_o less_o burdensome_a than_o the_o former_a this_o tribunal_n be_v also_o entrust_v to_o determine_v all_o difference_n and_o process_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o criminal_a between_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n to_o give_v sentence_n according_a to_o the_o penalty_n which_o they_o deserve_v and_o to_o order_v execution_n after_o they_o have_v first_o inform_v the_o king_n of_o their_o proceed_n hoam_o cin_n be_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o king_n be_v female_a kindred_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o first_o be_v they_o who_o descend_v from_o the_o king_n daughter_n marry_v to_o young_a gentleman_n call_v and_o choose_v for_o those_o match_n and_o be_v call_v tu_fw-la ma._n these_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o china_n be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n nor_o as_o the_o king_n kindred_n nor_o
have_v they_o any_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n though_o they_o shall_v have_v several_a heir_n male_n which_o custom_n be_v also_o observe_v among_o the_o people_n for_o in_o china_n to_o marry_v a_o daughter_n be_v to_o exclude_v she_o for_o ever_o from_o her_o father_n family_n and_o graft_v she_o into_o the_o family_n of_o her_o husband_n who_o sir_n name_v she_o assume_v at_o the_o same_o time_n instead_o of_o her_o own_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o chinese_n when_o they_o will_v say_v that_o a_o maid_n be_v ally_v to_o the_o family_n of_o her_o husband_n never_o make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n kin_n to_o go_v but_o of_o the_o word_n quei_z to_o return_v asmuch_o as_n to_o say_v she_o be_v not_o go_v but_o be_v return_v to_o her_o family_n thus_o they_o explain_v themselves_o also_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o dead_a for_o they_o do_v not_o say_v such_o a_o one_o be_v dead_a but_o such_o a_o one_o be_v return_v to_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n when_o a_o grandfather_n speak_v of_o the_o child_n of_o his_o son_n he_o call_v they_o bare_o sun_n su_n my_o grand_a child_n but_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o his_o daughter_n child_n he_o call_v they_o vai_n sun_n su_n my_o grand_a child_n without_o for_o they_o look_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v of_o the_o son_n in_o law_n family_n the_o second_o sort_n of_o the_o king_n kindred_n by_o the_o female_a side_n be_v the_o father_n brother_n uncle_n and_o other_o kindred_n of_o the_o queen_n the_o king_n son_n in_o law_n their_o father_n brother_n uncle_n and_o other_o kindred_n out_o of_o these_o two_o sort_n the_o king_n make_v choice_n of_o some_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a to_o compose_v this_o tribunal_n and_o to_o act_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n they_o differ_v only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o latter_a be_v of_o none_o of_o the_o nine_o order_n the_o former_a be_v mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o order_n though_o they_o esteem_v much_o more_o honourable_a the_o title_n of_o hoam_n cin_n and_o furio_n ma_n or_o the_o king_n kindred_n than_o that_o of_o mandarin_n though_o of_o the_o first_o order_n but_o this_o second_o sort_n of_o kindred_n be_v also_o extirpate_v by_o the_o tartar_n with_o the_o precede_a family_n thus_o far_o concern_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o court._n we_o be_v now_o to_o give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n note_n upon_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n he_o cause_v a_o choice_n to_o be_v make_v at_o pe_n kim_n of_o several_a young_a gentleman_n etc._n etc._n here_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o in_o this_o place_n the_o author_n only_o 221._o speak_v of_o what_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n for_o the_o tartar_a emperor_n have_v alter_v this_o custom_n and_o never_o marry_v their_o daughter_n but_o to_o king_n prince_n or_o great_a lord_n as_o our_o author_n himself_o acknowledge_v a_o little_a low_o chap._n xv._n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o fifteen_o province_n there_o belong_v a_o supreme_a tribunal_n which_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o precedent_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o tu_fw-la tam_fw-la kiun_n muen_n tu_fw-la yuen_v siun_z furio_n with_o several_a other_o name_n which_o all_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o governor_n of_o a_o province_n or_o viceroy_n with_o we_o these_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o order_n according_a as_o the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o regulate_v they_o when_o he_o send_v they_o into_o the_o province_n they_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o whole_a government_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o in_o war_n and_o with_o the_o command_n of_o the_o people_n and_o soldier_n as_o well_o in_o civil_a as_o criminal_a matter_n they_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o importance_n on_o the_o other_o side_n all_o the_o king_n order_n and_o dispatch_n with_o those_o of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n be_v direct_v to_o this_o tribunal_n and_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o province_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v to_o this_o tribunal_n in_o all_o affair_n of_o moment_n there_o be_v other_o viceroy_n that_o govern_v two_o three_o or_o four_o province_n and_o be_v call_v tsum_n to_o as_o leam_fw-la quam_fw-la tsum_fw-la to_o or_o viceroy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_o and_o quam_fw-la si._n quam_fw-la tum_o signify_v the_o province_n extend_v towards_o the_o east_n and_o quam_fw-la si_fw-la the_o province_n extend_v towards_o the_o west_n there_o be_v other_o such_o like_a viceroy_n in_o china_n as_o in_o the_o province_n border_v upon_o tartary_n and_o other_o place_n of_o importance_n and_o beside_o the_o viceroy_n there_o be_v in_o every_o province_n a_o visitor_n call_v ngan_n tai_n or_o ngan_n yuen_v of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v former_o last_o there_o be_v a_o three_o considerable_a officer_n call_v tsum_fw-la pim_fw-la who_o command_v all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o province_n and_o be_v of_o the_o first_o order_n of_o mandarin_n these_o three_o supreme_a precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n have_v under_o they_o several_a inferior_a mandarin_n who_o assist_v they_o in_o the_o dispatch_n of_o business_n and_o though_o these_o three_o tribunal_n general_a have_v their_o palace_n in_o the_o capital_a city_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v not_o always_o resident_a there_o but_o keep_v their_o circuit_n from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o business_n require_v but_o for_o the_o particular_a tribunal_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n they_o be_v these_o that_o follow_v every_o capital_a city_n have_v two_o tribunal_n in_o which_o proper_o consist_v the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o province_n the_o one_o for_o civil_a the_o other_o for_o criminal_a affair_n the_o first_o be_v call_v pu_fw-fr chim_z sum_o the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o second_o order_n the_o palace_n belong_v to_o this_o tribunal_n like_o those_o at_o the_o court_n contain_v on_o both_o side_n two_o other_o tribunal_n which_o be_v not_o inferior_a but_o assistant_n to_o the_o first_o tribunal_n that_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a and_o be_v call_v tsan_n chim_z have_v two_o precedent_n both_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o three_o order_n the_o other_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v call_v tsan_n y_o the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v both_o equal_a and_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o four_o order_n to_o all_o these_o three_o tribunal_n belong_v a_o great_a number_n of_o inferior_a mandarin_n call_v xeu_n lie_v quen_o who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o decide_v all_o civil_a matter_n and_o to_o pay_v and_o receive_v all_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o province_n the_o criminal_a tribunal_n be_v call_v nghan_n i_o sum_o and_o the_o precedent_n who_o be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n have_v no_o assessor_n but_o two_o class_n of_o mandarin_n under_o he_o those_o of_o the_o first_o classis_fw-la who_o be_v call_v to_o sum_o be_v of_o the_o four_o order_n they_o of_o the_o second_o classis_fw-la who_o be_v call_v cien_n sum_o be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n and_o the_o mandarin_n of_o these_o two_o class_n be_v call_v tao_n li_n or_o tao_n tusâ—…_n these_o tao_n li_n be_v the_o visiter_n of_o all_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o province_n in_o which_o they_o have_v their_o tribunal_n some_o of_o they_o take_v care_n of_o the_o post_n horse_n the_o royal_a inn_n and_o the_o king_n bark_n so_o far_o as_o their_o jurisdiction_n reach_v and_o be_v call_v you_o chuen_fw-ge tao_fw-mi other_o that_o be_v call_v pim_n pi_fw-la tao_fw-la be_v entrust_v to_o inspect_v the_o several_a troop_n and_o company_n of_o the_o province_n other_o to_o drain_v the_o land_n and_o level_v the_o highway_n who_o be_v call_v tun_n tien_n tao_o this_o tribunal_n have_v power_n to_o punish_v criminal_n by_o banishment_n as_o also_o by_o confiscation_n of_o good_n and_o loâ—…s_n of_o life_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o visitor_n in_o the_o province_n it_o have_v a_o eye_n over_o all_o the_o other_o mandarin_n and_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o king_n of_o what_o pass_v in_o the_o province_n when_o business_n require_v their_o information_n in_o a_o word_n these_o two_o tribunal_n do_v the_o office_n of_o the_o six_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o the_o court_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v their_o substitute_n every_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o district_n and_o to_o every_o district_n belong_v a_o mandarin_n call_v tao_n â—…i_fw-la who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o visitor_n or_o inspeâ—…er_n into_o the_o manner_n and_o behaviour_n of_o the_o officer_n within_o his_o
jurisdiction_n he_o take_v care_n to_o solicit_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o town_n and_o city_n to_o make_v quick_a payment_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v some_o also_o that_o take_v no_o less_o care_n of_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n coast_n in_o their_o quarter_n they_o that_o look_v after_o the_o river_n be_v call_v honorio_n tao_o and_o the_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n hâ—…_n tao_o all_o these_o mandarin_n belong_v to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o inspecter_n or_o overseer_n call_v co_n tao_o of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n whether_o capital_a or_o no_o have_v a_o tribunal_n where_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n or_o territory_n preside_v who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o four_o order_n and_o be_v call_v chi_fw-mi fu_fw-mi he_o have_v three_o assessor_n the_o first_o call_v tum_o chi_fw-mi the_o second_o tum_o puâ—…n_n and_o the_o three_o chui_fw-fr quen_n who_o be_v of_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o order_n they_o be_v also_o call_v second_o three_o and_o four_o lord_n of_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o chair_n or_o of_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o city_n in_o regard_n the_o precedent_n be_v call_v the_o first_o lord_n the_o first_o chair_n and_o the_o first_o city_n there_o be_v four_o other_o inferior_a mandarin_n call_v kim_n lie_v chu_o sum_o chaos_n mo_z and_o kim_n kâ—…ao_o which_o be_v only_o of_o the_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o order_n the_o employment_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o governor_n of_o pe_n kim_n all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v provide_v with_o such_o mandarin_n as_o these_o but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a trade_n or_o that_o the_o territory_n be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n than_o the_o number_n of_o these_o mandarin_n be_v double_v the_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n call_v cheu_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n those_o of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o capital_n only_o as_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o have_v city_n which_o depend_v upon_o they_o those_o of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o order_n whether_o they_o have_v city_n depend_v upon_o they_o or_o no._n the_o precedent_n of_o these_o city_n be_v call_v chi_fw-mi cheu_o he_o be_v of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o five_o order_n and_o have_v two_o assessor_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v call_v cheu_n â—…um_fw-la and_o the_o second_o cheu_n poon_n who_o be_v of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o six_o and_o second_o order_n he_o have_v under_o he_o also_o a_o three_o mandarin_n call_v lâ—…_n mo_z of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o nine_o order_n the_o people_n call_v this_o governor_n tai_n you_o or_o the_o great_a or_o first_o lord_n the_o other_o three_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o lord_n their_o employment_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n all_o the_o other_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v a_o tribunal_n of_o which_o the_o precedent_n be_v call_v chi_fw-mi hien_fw-fr and_o be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o seven_o order_n he_o have_v also_o two_o assessor_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v call_v hien_n chim_z of_o the_o eight_o order_n and_o the_o second_o who_o be_v of_o the_o nine_o be_v call_v chu_n pu_fw-fr he_o have_v also_o a_o three_o under_o he_o who_o be_v call_v tien_n sum_o who_o be_v of_o no_o order_n but_o if_o he_o acquit_v himself_o well_o of_o his_o employment_n for_o three_o year_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n give_v he_o a_o certificate_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o superior_a city_n and_o the_o governor_n of_o that_o city_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o capital_a the_o last_o governor_n certify_v to_o the_o two_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n and_o they_o to_o the_o viceroy_n the_o viceroy_n write_v to_o the_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o they_o to_o the_o counsellor_n of_o state_n who_o inform_v the_o king_n and_o by_o he_o general_o he_o be_v make_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o eight_o or_o nine_o order_n this_o be_v the_o road_n which_o the_o mandarin_n observe_v for_o their_o promotion_n to_o new_a dignity_n but_o this_o good_a fortune_n never_o befall_v they_o if_o they_o do_v not_o purchase_v it_o by_o present_n proportionable_a to_o what_o they_o may_v squeeze_v out_o of_o their_o employment_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o trade_n be_v drive_v as_o open_o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o establish_a law_n among_o they_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o justice_n and_o employment_n be_v sell_v as_o at_o a_o outry_n all_o over_o the_o empire_n but_o more_o especial_o at_o court_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n but_o the_o king_n who_o can_v be_v proper_o say_v to_o mind_v the_o public_a good_a all_o the_o rest_n regard_v nothing_o but_o their_o private_a interest_n and_o of_o this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v i_o will_v bring_v you_o one_o example_n of_o which_o i_o myself_o be_v a_o eye_n witness_n there_o be_v a_o young_a gentleman_n who_o name_n be_v simon_n a_o very_a good_a christian_n who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o a_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n by_o a_o particular_a favour_n which_o the_o emperor_n show_v he_o in_o regard_n his_o father_n viceroy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o â—…n_n si_fw-la be_v slay_v fight_v against_o a_o army_n of_o robber_n that_o have_v raise_v a_o rebellion_n in_o the_o province_n the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o employment_n be_v expire_v he_o be_v advance_v to_o be_v mandarin_n of_o a_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o that_o employment_n he_o repair_v to_o court_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n in_o hope_n to_o be_v prefer_v to_o another_o city_n yet_o more_o considerable_a for_o the_o recompense_n of_o his_o service_n due_o perform_v the_o king_n refer_v his_o petition_n to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d present_o letter_n be_v send_v he_o from_o that_o tribunal_n to_o leâ—…_n he_o know_v that_o if_o he_o will_v deposit_v in_o a_o three_o hand_n fourteen_o vâ—…n_n of_o silver_n which_o amount_v to_o about_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n they_o will_v give_v he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n of_o â—…un_n â—…m_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n si_fw-la which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a people_v the_o most_o remarkable_a for_o trade_n and_o the_o rich_a city_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n to_o which_o this_o virtuous_a christian_a return_v for_o answer_n that_o if_o he_o have_v such_o a_o sum_n by_o he_o nay_o though_o it_o be_v far_o less_o he_o will_v never_o go_v about_o to_o move_v for_o any_o more_o employment_n in_o regard_n a_o small_a sum_n than_o that_o will_v suffice_v he_o to_o live_v at_o his_o ease_n nor_o do_v he_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o take_v up_o so_o large_a a_o sum_n at_o great_a interest_n as_o other_o do_v by_o which_o they_o be_v force_v for_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o creditor_n and_o to_o glut_v their_o insatiate_a avarice_n to_o turn_v real_a tyrant_n and_o greedy_a wolf_n that_o devour_v the_o city_n and_o oppress_v the_o miserable_a people_n wherever_o they_o come_v which_o they_o be_v otherwise_o bind_v to_o protect_v and_o defend_v so_o that_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o that_o employment_n to_o he_o that_o be_v able_a to_o purchase_v it_o but_o that_o for_o his_o part_n he_o will_v be_v content_v with_o what_o sell_v to_o his_o â—…t_n now_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o write_v as_o many_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o there_o be_v mandarin_n that_o stand_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d upon_o little_a thin_a board_n which_o be_v throw_v into_o a_o vessel_n and_o every_o one_o be_v governor_n of_o that_o city_n of_o which_o he_o draw_v the_o name_n nevertheless_o when_o a_o man_n have_v agree_v with_o the_o tribunal_n the_o tablet_n be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o person_n draw_v the_o city_n which_o he_o desire_v however_o this_o artifice_n fail_v a_o mandarin_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o who_o have_v give_v a_o good_a sum_n to_o a_o prothonotary_n who_o have_v promise_v he_o the_o ready_a draught_n of_o a_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o not_o far_o distant_a for_o he_o draw_v a_o miserable_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quei_z cheu_o the_o most_o remote_a and_o the_o poor_a in_o the_o whole_a empire_n thereupon_o the_o wretched_a and_o unfortunate_a mandarin_n quite_o out_o of_o his_o wit_n at_o his_o ill_a success_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o tribunal_n or_o the_o presence_n of_o above_o three_o hundred_o mandarin_n rise_v up_o all_o in_o a_o rage_n for_o they_o draw_v upon_o their_o knee_n cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n he_o be_v undo_v and_o throw_v off_o
taste_v fruit_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o repast_n he_o send_v we_o another_o plate_n of_o gold_n wherein_o be_v twenty_o apple_n of_o the_o large_a and_o best_a in_o the_o kingdom_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o pin_n quo_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o feast_n he_o send_v we_o another_o plate_n full_a of_o pear_n and_o those_o apple_n of_o gold_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n the_o favour_n which_o the_o emperor_n do_v we_o at_o that_o time_n seem_v to_o we_o surprise_o extraordinary_a as_o it_o do_v to_o all_o those_o that_o hear_v the_o relation_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v usual_a to_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v invite_v in_o regard_n they_o be_v feast_v by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n every_o day_n not_o but_o that_o at_o other_o time_n upon_o certain_a occasion_n of_o public_a rejoice_v he_o treat_v much_o more_o magnificent_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n which_o be_v about_o five_o thousand_o by_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v ready_o conjecture_v at_o the_o grandeur_n and_o puissance_n of_o this_o emperor_n and_o that_o the_o abundance_n of_o provision_n which_o be_v bring_v continual_o to_o the_o court_n be_v far_o beyond_o the_o relation_n which_o i_o have_v make_v note_n upon_o the_o sixteen_o chapter_n father_n magaillans_n have_v already_o speak_v of_o the_o three_o opinion_n of_o the_o chineses_n 250._o concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o china_n and_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o if_o he_o have_v live_v to_o finish_v this_o work_n he_o will_v have_v put_v all_o that_o he_o say_v of_o it_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n however_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o proper_a for_o i_o to_o pare_v off_o any_o thing_n from_o this_o chapter_n as_o well_o for_o that_o i_o will_v not_o make_v a_o alteration_n so_o considerable_a as_o for_o that_o the_o author_n have_v insert_v several_a new_a and_o 〈◊〉_d circumstance_n and_o for_o that_o the_o matter_n be_v also_o of_o great_a moment_n beside_o that_o this_o chapter_n be_v compose_v in_o the_o year_n 1669._o serve_v for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o three_o which_o f._n magaillans_n have_v write_v in_o the_o year_n before_o as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o date_n which_o he_o set_v down_o in_o this_o work._n chap._n xvii_o a_o desoription_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o enclose_v the_o emperor_n palace_n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o principal_a house_n of_o china_n the_o city_n or_o court_n of_o pe_n kim_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o plain_n it_o form_v a_o vast_a square_n each_o of_o the_o side_n of_o which_o be_v twelve_o chinese_n furlong_n in_o length_n which_o make_v about_o three_o italian_a mile_n or_o near_o a_o portugal_n league_n it_o have_v nine_o gate_n three_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n and_o two_o upon_o each_o of_o the_o other_o side_n not_o twelve_o gate_n according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o f._n martini_n in_o his_o atlas_n p._n 29._o wherein_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v follow_v m._n polo_n l._n 2._o c._n 7._o this_o city_n be_v now_o inhabit_v by_o the_o tartar_n and_o their_o troop_n divide_v into_o eight_o quarter_n or_o banner_n as_o they_o call_v call_v they_o but_o in_o regard_n that_o under_o the_o precede_a king_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v so_o multiply_v that_o the_o capital_a be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o contain_v they_o nor_o the_o nine_o suburb_n answer_v to_o the_o nine_o gate_n which_o if_o they_o be_v not_o every_o one_o a_o great_a city_n be_v at_o least_o as_o big_a as_o many_o great_a borough_n there_o be_v a_o new_a city_n build_v of_o a_o square_a form_n like_o the_o old_a one_o of_o which_o each_o of_o the_o side_n be_v six_o chinese_n furlong_n or_o a_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n have_v the_o north_n side_n join_v to_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o old_a city_n it_o have_v seven_o gate_n and_o every_o one_o a_o suburb_n well_o people_v more_o especial_o that_o which_o look_v towards_o the_o west_n for_o that_o be_v the_o side_n where_o all_o that_o come_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n enter_v into_o the_o capital_a city_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o city_n be_v divide_v into_o five_o quarter_n or_o jurisdiction_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n the_o principal_a street_n some_o run_v from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n other_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o they_o be_v all_o so_o straight_o so_o long_o so_o broad_a and_o so_o well_o proportion_v that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v they_o be_v mark_v out_o with_o a_o line_n and_o not_o build_v by_o hap_n hazard_n as_o in_o our_o city_n of_o europe_n the_o little_a street_n run_v all_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o divide_v all_o the_o space_n between_o the_o great_a street_n into_o equal_a and_o proportionable_a island_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v know_v by_o their_o particular_a name_n as_o the_o street_n of_o the_o king_n kindred_n the_o white_a tower-street_n the_o iron_n lyons-street_n the_o fish-street_n the_o aquavity-street_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v a_o book_n to_o be_v sell_v that_o speak_v of_o the_o name_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o street_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o lackey_n that_o attend_v upon_o the_o mandarin_n in_o their_o visit_n and_o to_o their_o tribunal_n and_o carry_v their_o present_n their_o letter_n and_o their_o order_n to_o several_a part_n of_o the_o city_n and_o empire_n for_o they_o be_v continual_o send_v a_o great_a number_n all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n whence_o come_v that_o proverb_n so_o often_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o chinese_n that_o the_o province_n send_v mandarin_n to_o pe_n kim_n and_o pe_n kim_n in_o exchange_n send_v they_o none_o but_o lackey_n and_o messenger_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o rare_a thing_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o mandarin_n who_o be_v a_o native_a of_o that_o city_n the_o fair_a of_o all_o the_o street_n be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v cham_n begin_v kiai_fw-mi or_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n it_o run_v from_o east_n to_o west_n bound_v on_o the_o north_n side_n by_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n and_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n by_o several_a tribunal_n and_o palace_n of_o great_a lord_n it_o be_v so_o spacious_a that_o it_o be_v about_o thirty_o fathom_n broad_a and_o so_o famous_o know_v that_o the_o learned_a in_o their_o write_n make_v use_v of_o it_o to_o signify_v the_o whole_a city_n take_v a_o part_n for_o the_o whole_a for_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o say_v such_o a_o one_o life_n in_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n as_o to_o say_v he_o live_v at_o pe_n kim_n if_o the_o house_n be_v but_o high_a and_o build_v to_o the_o street_n like_o we_o the_o city_n will_v show_v much_o more_o stately_a but_o they_o be_v all_o low_a building_n to_o show_v the_o respect_n which_o they_o have_v to_o the_o king_n palace_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o palace_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o great_a lord_n which_o be_v lofty_a and_o magnificent_a but_o they_o be_v build_v backward_o so_o that_o you_o see_v nothing_o to_o the_o street_n but_o a_o great_a gate_n which_o have_v house_n on_o each_o side_n inhabit_v by_o their_o domestic_n or_o by_o merchant_n and_o handycraft_n tradesman_n however_o this_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o public_a convenience_n for_o in_o our_o city_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o street_n be_v take_v up_o by_o house_n of_o noble_a man_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v force_v to_o go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o market_n whereas_o at_o pe_n kim_n and_o in_o all_o the_o other_o city_n of_o china_n there_o be_v every_o thing_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o your_o door_n for_o entertainment_n subsistence_n or_o pleasure_n for_o these_o little_a house_n be_v as_o so_o many_o magazine_n or_o market_n shop_n and_o tavern_n but_o for_o the_o multitude_n of_o people_n so_o numerous_a it_o be_v that_o i_o dare_v not_o presume_v to_o utter_v it_o nor_o do_v i_o know_v how_o to_o make_v it_o understand_v all_o the_o street_n both_o of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a city_n be_v crowd_v with_o people_n as_o well_o the_o small_a street_n as_o the_o great_a as_o well_o those_o at_o the_o far_a end_n as_o those_o in_o the_o hart_n of_o the_o place_n the_o throng_n be_v every_o where_o so_o great_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o compare_v with_o it_o but_o the_o fair_n and_o procession_n of_o europe_n the_o emperor_n palace_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o great_a city_n and_o front_n towards_o the_o south_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o empire_n where_o you_o
way_n and_o be_v beautify_v at_o the_o top_n with_o dâ—…ggs_n of_o brass_n guild_v all_o which_o â—…ive_v building_n together_o beget_v a_o strange_a surprise_n cause_v both_o astonishment_n and_o reverence_n by_o mean_n of_o their_o grandeur_n and_o their_o riches_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o great_a middlemost_a hall_n it_o be_v where_o the_o drum_n and_o the_o bell_n hang_v up_o of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n behind_o this_o â—…ies_v another_o 〈◊〉_d like_o the_o former_a and_o the_o first_o apartment_n callâ—…d_v the_o supreme_a portaâ—…_n to_o this_o apartment_n belong_v five_o large_a â—…nd_n majestic_a gate_n to_o which_o you_o ascend_v by_o five_o pair_n of_o stair_n of_o thirty_o step_n a_o piece_n but_o before_o you_o come_v at_o it_o you_o must_v cross_v a_o deep_a moâ—…e_n full_a of_o water_n over_o five_o bridge_n that_o answer_v to_o the_o five_o pair_n of_o stair_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o beautify_v with_o parapet_n baluster_n column_n pilaster_n and_o square_a base_n with_o lion_n and_o other_o ornament_n all_o of_o very_o fine_a and_o very_o white_a marble_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o without_o good_a reason_n that_o this_o apartment_n carrier_n the_o name_n of_o the_o supreme_a portal_n as_o be_v more_o magnificent_a and_o majestic_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n behind_o it_o lie_v another_o very_a spacious_a court_n garnish_v on_o both_o side_n with_o â—…ortico's_n and_o gallery_n hall_n and_o other_o room_n very_o noble_a stately_a and_o rich._n this_o court_n jâ—…ns_v to_o a_o six_o apartment_n call_v the_o supreme_a imperial_a hall._n to_o which_o you_o ascend_v by_o five_o pair_n of_o stair_n each_o pair_n of_o forty_o step_n all_o of_o very_o fine_a marble_n and_o costly_a workmanship_n the_o pair_n in_o the_o middle_n which_o the_o king_n only_o ascend_v be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a breadth_n the_o two_o pair_n on_o each_o side_n appoint_v for_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o man._n darin_n be_v not_o so_o broad_a and_o the_o other_o two_o which_o be_v the_o narrow_a serve_v for_o the_o eunuch_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n household_n they_o tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o chinese_n king_n this_o hall_n be_v one_o of_o the_o wonder_n of_o the_o world_n for_o its_o beauty_n riches_n and_o spaciousness_n but_o that_o the_o robber_n that_o rebel_v during_o the_o last_o revolution_n burn_v it_o together_o with_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o palace_n when_o they_o abandon_v pe_n kim_v for_o fear_v of_o the_o tartar_n who_o like_o barbarian_n as_o they_o be_v be_v content_v that_o it_o shall_v only_o in_o some_o measure_n resemble_v what_o it_o be_v before_o yet_o there_o be_v that_o in_o it_o still_o which_o serve_v to_o fill_v the_o imagination_n and_o to_o display_v the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o this_o hall_n it_o be_v that_o the_o prince_n be_v seat_v in_o his_o throne_n receive_v the_o homage_n of_o all_o his_o great_a lord_n and_o all_o his_o mandarin_n both_o learned_a and_o military_a which_o as_o it_o be_v a_o very_a remarkable_a ceremony_n so_o it_o will_v not_o be_v from_o the_o purpose_n to_o give_v a_o relation_n of_o it_o with_o all_o its_o circumstance_n so_o soon_o as_o any_o new_a family_n obtain_v the_o empire_n the_o day_n be_v present_o appoint_v for_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o mandarin_n to_o attend_v and_o pay_v their_o homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n this_o new_a family_n of_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o the_o first_o the_o five_o the_o fifteen_o and_o twenty_o five_o of_o every_o moon_n and_o so_o upon_o every_o one_o of_o those_o day_n all_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n to_o the_o number_n of_o near_o five_o thousand_o assemble_v together_o in_o the_o hall_n the_o chamber_n and_o portico_n on_o both_o side_n the_o court_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o south_n gate_n they_o have_v all_o bonnet_n upon_o their_o head_n and_o be_v clad_v in_o robe_n rich_o embroider_v with_o gold_n yet_o so_o distinguish_v however_o that_o you_o may_v know_v one_o from_o another_o by_o the_o variety_n of_o beasâ—…_n and_o biâ—…ds_v embroider_v three_o â—…orys_n one_o above_o another_o upon_o their_o bonnet_n upon_o both_o side_n of_o their_o garment_n and_o upon_o their_o breast_n and_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o colour_n of_o their_o precious_a stone_n by_o break_v of_o day_n the_o king_n remove_v out_o of_o his_o his_o leventh_n apartment_n where_o he_o make_v his_o residence_n carry_v in_o a_o magnificent_a sedan_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n of_o sixteen_o eunuch_n and_o surround_v with_o several_a other_o person_n be_v come_v into_o the_o hall_n he_o seat_v himself_o in_o a_o costly_a throne_n raise_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o six_o high_a and_o massy_a pillar_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v such_o as_o they_o call_v they_o pillar_n of_o fine_a gold_n though_o they_o be_v only_o rich_o guilt_n then_o a_o eunuch_n fall_v upon_o his_o knee_n before_o the_o door_n and_o raise_v his_o voice_n as_o loud_o as_o he_o be_v able_a with_o a_o slow_a yet_o vehement_a tone_n cry_v out_o ta_o lui_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v let_v the_o heaven_n let_v loose_v its_o thunder_n upon_o which_o present_o they_o strike_v upon_o the_o bell_n and_o beat_v the_o great_a palace_n drum_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o kettledrum_n trumpet_n hoe-boy_n and_o flute_n make_v a_o confuse_a noise_n of_o a_o sudden_a all_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o palace_n be_v throw_v open_a except_o those_o of_o the_o first_o apartment_n or_o portal_n then_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o this_o confusion_n of_o harmony_n begin_v the_o lord_n and_o mandarin_n prepare_v to_o march_v first_o the_o petty_a king_n or_o great_a lord_n of_o the_o blood-royal_a and_o the_o learned_a mandarin_n from_o that_o side_n next_o the_o east_n and_o the_o lord_n which_o be_v not_o of_o the_o blood-royal_a and_o the_o military_a mandarin_n from_o that_o side_n next_o the_o west_n thus_o they_o proceed_v on_o both_o side_n in_o good_a order_n with_o a_o slow_a and_o equal_a pace_n through_o passage_n that_o lie_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n pave_v with_o large_a marble_n stone_n and_o through_o the_o lesser_a gate_n that_o be_v next_o the_o great_a one_o then_o the_o great_a lord_n ascend_v the_o stair_n and_o place_n themselves_o according_a to_o their_o degree_n upon_o the_o platform_n or_o open_a walk_n before_o the_o great_a hall_n and_o the_o mandarin_n as_o they_o come_v forward_o take_v their_o stand_n in_o the_o court_n according_a to_o their_o several_a rank_n and_o quality_n in_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o every_o one_o of_o the_o nine_o order_n which_o be_v mark_v and_o write_v down_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o certain_a little_a pillar_n when_o they_o be_v thus_o dispose_v on_o both_o side_n the_o court_n leave_v a_o void_a space_n in_o the_o middle_n where_o the_o king_n use_v to_o pass_v along_o and_o which_o be_v somewhat_o broad_a and_o high_a raise_v than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o court_n they_o turn_v their_o face_n one_o towards_o another_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o on_o the_o east_n towards_o those_o on_o the_o west_n and_o they_o on_o the_o west_n side_n towards_o those_o on_o the_o east_n and_o then_o the_o din_n of_o all_o the_o instrument_n of_o music_n cease_v and_o a_o profound_a silence_n ensue_v they_o keep_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o all_o the_o respect_n and_o modesty_n imaginable_a then_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n be_v upon_o his_o knee_n upon_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o last_o pair_n of_o stair_n with_o a_o loud_a and_o harmonious_a voice_n address_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n in_o these_o word_n most_o illustrious_a and_o most_o puissant_a prince_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n all_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o great_a lord_n and_o all_o the_o learned_a and_o military_a mandarin_n be_v come_v and_o be_v ready_a to_o pay_v the_o homage_n which_o they_o owe_v to_o your_o majesty_n after_o that_o he_o rise_v and_o stand_v upright_o upon_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o stair_n he_o raise_v his_o voice_n again_o and_o cry_v pai_n pan_n or_o set_v yourselves_o in_o order_n at_o what_o time_n they_o compose_v their_o garment_n their_o foot_n their_o hand_n and_o eye_n after_o their_o manner_n then_o he_o go_v on_o cheven_a xin_n turn_v yourselves_o upon_o which_o they_o turn_v in_o a_o moment_n towards_o the_o imperial_a hall._n quei_z fall_v upon_o your_o knee_n which_o they_o present_o do_v keu_fw-fr teu_fw-fr touch_v the_o earth_n with_o your_o head_n it_o be_v do_v assoon_o as_o say_v ki_v lai_o rise_v and_o then_o they_o all_o rise_v after_o that_o he_o cry_v you_o by_o which_o he_o command_v they_o to_o extend_v both_o their_o arm_n like_o two_o bow_n and_o join_v both_o hand_n together_o to_o lift_v
to_o the_o young_a king_n palace_n to_o pay_v their_o homage_n to_o he_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o do_v to_o the_o king_n at_o pe_n kim_v only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o they_o give_v the_o emperor_n the_o title_n of_o van_n svi_fw-la or_o ten_o thousand_o year_n but_o to_o these_o prince_n they_o give_v no_o more_o than_o the_o title_n of_o cien_fw-fr svi_fw-la or_o a_o thousand_o year_n the_o seven_o or_o four_o oriental_n palace_n be_v call_v yuen_v hoen_n iten_v or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o royal_a nuptial_n when_o the_o king_n or_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v please_v to_o marry_v the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o most_o beautiful_a and_o most_o accomplish_a virgin_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v whether_o they_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o great_a lord_n or_o but_o of_o mean_a descent_n they_o value_v not_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o tribunal_n employ_v woman_n that_o be_v well_o in_o year_n and_o of_o good_a reputation_n who_o make_v choice_n of_o twenty_o which_o they_o deem_v the_o most_o accomplish_a the_o tribunal_n be_v inform_v of_o this_o choice_n order_n the_o young_a virgin_n to_o be_v carry_v in_o close_a sedan_n to_o the_o palace_n where_o for_o some_o day_n they_o be_v examine_v by_o the_o queen_n mother_n or_o if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o person_n live_v by_o the_o principal_a lady_n lady_n of_o the_o court_n who_o visit_v they_o and_o order_n they_o to_o run_v on_o purpose_n to_o find_v out_o whether_o they_o have_v any_o ill_a smell_n or_o defect_n about_o they_o after_o several_a trial_n she_o make_v choice_n of_o one_o who_o she_o send_v to_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ceremony_n accompany_v with_o feast_n and_o banquet_n distribution_n of_o favour_n and_o a_o general_a pardon_n for_o all_o criminal_n of_o the_o empire_n unless_o rebel_n and_o robber_n upon_o the_o highway_n after_o this_o she_o be_v crown_v with_o a_o splendid_a pomp_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n she_o have_v bestow_v upon_o she_o many_o title_n and_o large_a revenue_n as_o for_o the_o nineteen_o virgin_n to_o who_o fortune_n be_v not_o so_o favourable_a the_o king_n marry_v they_o to_o the_o son_n of_o great_a lord_n of_o which_o if_o there_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o serve_v they_o all_o he_o send_v the_o remainder_n back_o to_o their_o parent_n with_o dowry_n sufficient_a to_o marry_v they_o advantageous_o this_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o king_n of_o china_n but_o at_o present_a the_o tartar_n emperor_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o daughter_n of_o some_o great_a lord_n who_o be_v not_o of_o the_o blood-royal_a or_o of_o the_o daughter_n of_o some_o one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n for_o their_o wife_n and_o queen_n the_o eight_o or_o four_o occidental_a palace_n be_v call_v tzu_n nen_fw-la cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o piety_n and_o serve_v for_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o queen_n mother_n and_o her_o damsel_n and_o lady_n of_o honour_n the_o nine_o or_o five_o oriental_a palace_n be_v call_v chum_fw-la cui_fw-la cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o beauty_n and_o the_o ten_o or_o fifteen_o on_o the_o west_n side_n be_v call_v ki_n fiam_fw-la cum_fw-la or_o the_o happy_a palace_n these_o two_o palace_n be_v appoint_v for_o the_o daughter_n and_o sister_n of_o the_o king_n before_o they_o be_v marry_v for_o which_o purpose_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o chinese_n king_n the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n pick_v out_o certain_a young_a gentleman_n handsome_a and_o ingenious_a and_o fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o year_n old_a out_o of_o which_o the_o king_n choose_v one_o for_o his_o daughter_n or_o his_o sister_n to_o who_o he_o give_v a_o vast_a dowry_n in_o land_n and_o jewel_n these_o be_v call_v â—…u_o mâ—…_n or_o the_o emperor_n kindred_n by_o his_o wife_n they_o can_v not_o be_v 〈◊〉_d however_o they_o become_v very_o powerful_a and_o be_v great_a oppressor_n of_o the_o people_n befâ—…_n theâ—…_n have_v any_o child_n they_o be_v oblige_v every_o 〈◊〉_d and_o evening_n to_o fall_v upon_o they_o knee_n 〈◊〉_d â—…heir_a wife_n and_o knock_v their_o head_n thrâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d â—…gainst_a the_o ground_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o 〈◊〉_d child_n they_o be_v no_o long_o engage_v to_o that_o ceremony_n at_o present_v the_o tartar_n king_n marry_v his_o sister_n and_o his_o daughter_n to_o the_o son_n of_o great_a lord_n who_o be_v not_o of_o the_o blood_n royal_a or_o with_o the_o son_n of_o the_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n the_o the_o leventh_n or_o six_o palace_n to_o the_o east_n be_v call_v y_o hao_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o due_a title_n and_o the_o twelve_o or_o six_o palace_n to_o the_o west_n be_v call_v siam_n nim_fw-mi cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o felicity_n the_o thirteen_o or_o seven_o eastern_a palace_n be_v call_v gin_fw-mi xeu_o cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o long_a life_n and_o the_o fourteen_o or_o seven_o western_a palace_n be_v call_v kien_fw-mi nim_fw-mi cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o celestial_a repose_n all_o which_o four_o palace_n be_v the_o habitation_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o queen_n and_o the_o concubine_n and_o several_a other_o lady_n belong_v to_o the_o decease_a king_n who_o the_o king_n never_o see_v nor_o ever_o enter_v into_o their_o palace_n such_o be_v their_o respect_n and_o veneration_n for_o their_o predecessor_n the_o fifteen_o or_o eight_o palace_n to_o the_o east_n be_v call_v kiao_n ta_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o great_a friendship_n the_o sixteen_o or_o eight_o to_o the_o west_n be_v call_v quen_o nim_fw-mi cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o place_n of_o repose_n to_o either_o of_o which_o the_o king_n retire_v when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v private_a with_o his_o queen_n the_o seventeen_o or_o nine_o to_o the_o east_n be_v call_v chim_z chien_fw-fr cum_n or_o the_o palace_n which_o receive_v heaven_n and_o the_o eighteen_o which_o be_v opposite_a to_o it_o â—…_n quen_n cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o elevate_a earth_n these_o two_o palace_n serve_v for_o the_o king_n divertisement_n with_o his_o other_o two_o queen_n to_o the_o first_o of_o which_o he_o go_v with_o his_o second_o and_o to_o the_o second_o with_o the_o three_o of_o his_o wife_n the_o nineteen_o or_o ten_o to_o the_o east_n be_v call_v humh_o te_fw-mi tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o abundant_a virtue_n the_o twenty_o or_o ten_o to_o the_o west_n be_v call_v kiu_n en_fw-fr sin_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n that_o envelope_v the_o heart_n in_o these_o two_o palace_n be_v keep_v the_o king_n jewel_n and_o rarity_n of_o a_o inestimable_a value_n and_o sometime_o he_o go_v himself_o to_o visit_v his_o treasure_n which_o perhaps_o be_v the_o large_a and_o the_o rich_a in_o the_o world_n in_o regard_n that_o for_o four_o thousand_o twenty_o five_o year_n the_o chinese_n king_n have_v be_v always_o add_v to_o it_o without_o take_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o it_o for_o though_o the_o reign_v family_n have_v so_o often_o alter_v yet_o none_o of_o they_o ever_o touch_v this_o treasure_n nor_o those_o of_o which_o we_o shall_v give_v a_o account_n hereafter_o because_o of_o the_o rigorous_a punishment_n which_o the_o new_a king_n will_v have_v inflict_v upon_o those_o that_o shall_v have_v attempt_v such_o a_o sacrilege_n and_o all_o their_o family_n now_o though_o the_o name_n of_o all_o these_o palace_n seem_v very_o mean_a and_o ordinary_a in_o our_o language_n certain_a it_o be_v however_o that_o in_o the_o chinese_n language_n they_o be_v very_o significative_a and_o mysterious_a as_o be_v invent_v on_o purpose_n by_o their_o man_n of_o learning_n conformable_a to_o their_o structure_n their_o situation_n and_o their_o use._n note_n upon_o the_o nineteen_o chapter_n these_o palace_n be_v large_a and_o magnificent_a and_o seat_v in_o the_o space_n between_o the_o twenty_o apartment_n s_o of_o the_o emperor_n palace_n and_o the_o two_o wall_n of_o the_o inner_a enclosure_n which_o be_v describe_v by_o our_o author_n in_o this_o nineteen_o chapter_n i._o the_o first_o palace_n call_v venus_n ho_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o flourish_a learning_n hither_o the_o king_n retire_v when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o discourse_v with_o his_o man_n of_o learning_n or_o to_o consult_v about_o his_o most_o important_a affair_n or_o to_o keep_v the_o fast_n most_o usual_o observe_v in_o china_n it_o be_v place_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o six_o apartment_n call_v the_o supreme_a imperial_a hall._n ii_o the_o second_o palace_n over_o against_o the_o forego_n to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o six_o apartment_n call_v vu_z in_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o council_n of_o war._n iii_o the_o three_o palace_n or_o second_o on_o the_o east_n side_n as_o you_o
go_v to_o the_o north_n call_v tum_o sien_a tien_n or_o the_o palace_n where_o honour_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o decease_a king_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n iv._o the_o four_o palace_n on_o the_o west_n side_n call_v gin_fw-mi chi_fw-mi tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o mercy_n and_o prudence_n where_o the_o funeral_n honour_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n after_o his_o decease_n v._o the_o five_o palace_n on_o the_o east_n side_n call_v tzu_n kim_n cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o compassion_n and_o joy_n where_o the_o heir_n to_o the_o crown_n reside_v till_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n vi_o the_o six_o palace_n on_o the_o west_n side_n call_v kim_n ho_o cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o union_n and_o flourish_a here_o the_o second_o and_o three_o son_n of_o the_o emperor_n reside_v till_o they_o marry_v vii_o the_o seven_o palace_n or_o four_o on_o the_o west_n side_n call_v yuen_v hoen_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o royal_a nuptial_n because_o the_o nuptial_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o heir_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v there_o solemnize_v viii_o the_o eight_o palace_n or_o four_o on_o the_o west_n side_n call_v tsu_n nim_fw-mi cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o piety_n be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o queen_n mother_n and_o her_o maid_n of_o honour_n ix_o the_o nine_o palace_n or_o five_o to_o the_o east_n call_v chum_n cui_fw-la cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o beauty_n x._o the_o ten_o palace_n or_o five_o to_o the_o west_n call_v kia_n â—…iam_fw-la cum_fw-la or_o the_o happy_a palace_n appoint_v for_o the_o sister_n and_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n before_o they_o be_v marry_v xi_o the_o the_o leventh_n or_o six_o to_o the_o east_n call_v y_o hao_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o due_a title_n xii_o the_o twelve_o or_o six_o palace_n to_o the_o west_n call_v siam_n nim_fw-mi cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o felicity_n xiii_o the_o thirteen_o or_o seven_o palace_n to_o the_o east_n call_v gin_fw-mi chu_fw-mi cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o long_a life_n fourteen_o the_o fourteen_o or_o seven_o palace_n to_o the_o west_n call_v kien_fw-mi nim_fw-mi cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o celestial_a repose_n in_o this_o palace_n the_o second_o and_o three_o queen_n keep_v their_o court_n together_o with_o the_o concubine_n and_o other_o lady_n of_o the_o decease_a king._n so_o that_o this_o palace_n serve_v for_o the_o same_o use_n as_o the_o old_a seraglio_n at_o constantinople_n xv._n the_o fifteen_o or_o eight_o to_o the_o east_n call_v kiao_n ta_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o great_a friendship_n xvi_o the_o sixteen_o or_o eight_o to_o the_o west_n call_v guen_o nim_fw-mi cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o place_n of_o repose_n to_o these_o palace_n the_o king_n retire_v when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v private_a with_o his_o first_o queen_n xvii_o the_o seventeen_o palace_n or_o nine_o to_o the_o east_n call_v chim_z kien_fw-fr cum_n or_o the_o palace_n that_o receive_v heaven_n xviii_o the_o eighteen_o palace_n or_o nine_o to_o the_o west_n call_v y_o xuen_n cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o elevate_a earth_n to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o palace_n the_o king_n retire_v with_o his_o second_o queen_n and_o to_o the_o second_o with_o his_o three_o xix_o the_o nineteen_o palace_n or_o ten_o to_o the_o east_n call_v lum_n te_o tien_n or_o palace_n of_o abound_a virtue_n xx_o the_o twenty_o or_o ten_o palace_n to_o the_o west_n call_v kiun_n sin_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n that_o envelope_v the_o heart_n in_o these_o two_o palace_n be_v keep_v the_o king_n jewel_n and_o rarity_n of_o a_o inestimable_a price_n our_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o treasure_n have_v be_v fill_v for_o these_o four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o five_o year_n and_o that_o in_o all_o that_o time_n nothing_o have_v be_v take_v out_o of_o it_o but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v unless_o there_o happen_v any_o sudden_a conflagration_n or_o that_o the_o city_n have_v not_o be_v take_v and_o plunder_v by_o the_o enemy_n who_o never_o trouble_v themselves_o to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o china_n in_o that_o particular_a for_o example_n all_o the_o relation_n that_o mention_v the_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n among_o the_o rest_n martini_n and_o couplet_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1644._o the_o rebel_n li_n or_o li_n cum_fw-la not_o dare_v to_o abide_v the_o come_n of_o the_o tartar_n to_o pe_n kim_v spend_v eight_o day_n in_o remove_v all_o that_o there_o be_v of_o precious_a and_o valuable_a in_o the_o palace_n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o palace_n belong_v twenty_o four_o separate_a apartment_n with_o a_o royal_a hall_n in_o the_o middle_n i_o have_v place_v they_o as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o draught_n for_o a_o man_n may_v easy_o believe_v that_o the_o last_o where_o the_o woman_n reside_v and_o where_o the_o treasure_n lie_v aught_o to_o be_v most_o remote_a from_o the_o principal_a gate_n chap._n xx._n of_o several_a other_o palace_n and_o some_o temple_n erect_v within_o the_o same_o enclosure_n all_o these_o palace_n which_o we_o have_v hitherto_o mention_v be_v seat_v within_o the_o innermost_a enclosure_n of_o the_o palace_n from_o which_o they_o be_v separate_v by_o two_o wall_n and_o divide_v one_o from_o another_o by_o other_o wall_n of_o the_o same_o fabric_n those_o that_o follow_v be_v seat_v between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n the_o first_o be_v call_v chum_n ho_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o double_v flower_n now_o to_o understand_v this_o name_n you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o about_o two_o hundred_o year_n ago_o one_o of_o the_o chinese_n king_n contrary_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o grandee_n and_o people_n will_v needs_o go_v and_o fight_v the_o western_a tartar_n who_o take_v several_a place_n and_o lay_v waste_v the_o province_n of_o pe_n kim_n but_o he_o be_v overthrow_v take_v and_o carry_v into_o tartary_n where_o the_o chineses_n believe_v he_o to_o be_v dead_a and_o therefore_o set_v up_o his_o brother_n in_o his_o place_n some_o month_n after_o ambassador_n come_v from_o the_o tartar_n who_o bring_v news_n that_o he_o be_v alive_a and_o demand_v a_o ransom_n both_o for_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prisoner_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o new_a king_n receive_v this_o intelligence_n he_o give_v order_n to_o commissioner_n to_o treat_v about_o his_o brother_n enlargement_n and_o appoint_v a_o magnificent_a palace_n to_o be_v build_v whither_o he_o intend_v to_o retire_v upon_o his_o brother_n return_n the_o palace_n be_v finish_v and_o the_o treaty_n conclude_v the_o prisoner_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o frontier_n where_o the_o tartar_n receive_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n great_a quantity_n of_o silk_n and_o cotton_n and_o all_o that_o they_o demand_v thereupon_o the_o king_n return_v to_o pe_n kim_v the_o new_a king_n will_v have_v resign_v the_o sceptre_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o the_o old_a king_n will_v not_o accept_v it_o but_o retire_v to_o the_o palace_n which_o his_o brother_n have_v prepare_v for_o himself_o without_o ever_o offer_v to_o moddle_v any_o more_o with_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o government_n three_o year_n after_o that_o the_o new_a king_n die_v and_o then_o the_o old_a king_n accept_v the_o crown_n be_v crown_v a_o second_o time_n and_o then_o the_o learned_a man_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n give_v he_o another_o name_n call_v he_o tien_n xum_o or_o the_o king_n who_o follow_v the_o will_n of_o heaven_n they_o also_o give_v a_o new_a name_n to_o the_o palace_n where_o he_o have_v live_v three_o year_n retire_v call_v it_o chum_n ho_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o double_v flower_n allude_v to_o the_o double_a coronation_n of_o the_o king._n the_o bridge_n over_o which_o they_o cross_v the_o mote_n that_o surround_v this_o palace_n be_v a_o wonderful_a piece_n of_o workmanship_n it_o be_v a_o dragon_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bulk_n who_o fore_n and_o hind-feet_n stand_v in_o the_o water_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o pillar_n and_o who_o body_n dolphin_n like_a make_v the_o middle_a arch_n and_o two_o more_o the_o one_o with_o his_o tail_n the_o other_o with_o his_o head_n and_o neck_n the_o whole_a be_v make_v of_o black_a jasper_n stone_n so_o well_o close_v and_o so_o well_o wrought_v that_o it_o seem_v not_o only_o to_o be_v of_o one_o piece_n but_o represent_v a_o dragon_n to_o the_o life_n it_o be_v call_v ti_fw-mi kiam_fw-la or_o the_o fly_a bridge_n for_o the_o chineses_n report_n that_o this_o dragon_n fly_v through_o the_o air_n from_o a_o kingdom_n in_o the_o east-indies_n which_o they_o call_v tien_n cho_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bamboos_n whence_o they_o also_o pretend_v that_o their_o pagod_n and_o their_o law_n be_v bring_v in_o former_a time_n they_o also_o tell_v
upon_o his_o crown_n mutter_v over_o he_o certain_a prayer_n according_a to_o the_o usual_a manner_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o premise_v the_o three_o palace_n or_o temple_n be_v call_v macala_n tien_n for_o tien_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n signify_v a_o royal_a palace_n and_o macala_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o lama_n signify_v the_o head_n of_o a_o ox_n with_o the_o horn_n on_o because_o the_o idol_n which_o be_v worship_v in_o that_o temple_n be_v the_o horn_a head_n of_o a_o ox._n which_o show_v the_o blindness_n of_o man_n who_o the_o chineses_n call_v van_n vo_o chi_fw-mi va_o or_o king_n and_o lord_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o van_n vo_o chi_fw-mi tim_n or_o the_o most_o understanding_n of_o all_o creature_n which_o nevertheless_o adore_v the_o work_n of_o his_o own_o hand_n beast_n that_o be_v create_v for_o his_o service_n and_o which_o seem_v more_o incredible_a the_o carcase_n of_o the_o head_n of_o a_o ox._n the_o four_o palace_n be_v call_v lama_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n or_o temple_n of_o the_o lama_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o lake_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v upon_o a_o mountain_n make_v with_o hand_n like_o a_o sugarloaf_n environ_v with_o rock_n which_o be_v bring_v thither_o in_o former_a time_n from_o the_o sea_n side_n though_o far_o remote_a with_o great_a labour_n and_o expense_n these_o rock_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n full_a of_o hole_n and_o hollowness_n occasion_v by_o the_o continual_a dash_v of_o the_o wave_n the_o chinsees_n take_v great_a delight_n to_o behold_v those_o unpolished_a work_n of_o nature_n and_o they_o be_v so_o dispose_v as_o to_o counterfeit_v the_o high_a out-juttings_a and_o steep_a and_o rugged_a precipice_n of_o rock_n so_o that_o at_o a_o moderate_a distance_n the_o whole_a seem_v to_o represent_v some_o craggy_a wild_a mountain_n the_o first_o work_n of_o nature_n at_o the_o top_n appear_v a_o round_a tower_n of_o twelve_o story_n well_o proportion_v and_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n round_o about_o the_o upper_a story_n hang_v fifty_o bell_n that_o jangle_n day_n and_o night_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o wind_n the_o temple_n which_o be_v large_a and_o magnificent_a be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o descent_n on_o the_o south_n side_n and_o the_o cloister_n and_o cell_n of_o the_o lama_n extend_v themselves_o to_o the_o east_n and_o west_n the_o idol_n stand_v upon_o a_o altar_n within_o the_o temple_n all_o naked_a and_o in_o a_o filthy_a posture_n like_o the_o roman_a priapus_n neither_o be_v it_o adore_v but_o by_o the_o lama_n and_o the_o western_a tartar_n for_o the_o eastern_a and_o the_o chineses_n abhor_v it_o as_o a_o infamous_a and_o obscene_a monster_n the_o decease_a king_n father_n of_o the_o reign_a emperor_n erect_v these_o two_o temple_n for_o reason_n of_o state_n and_o to_o please_v his_o mother_n daughter_n of_o a_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n that_o princess_n be_v great_o devote_v to_o the_o lama_n who_o she_o maintain_v in_o pe_n kim_v at_o vast_a expense_n but_o there_o be_v great_a probability_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o she_o be_v dead_a those_o abominable_a temple_n will_v be_v shut_v up_o moreover_o between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n there_o be_v four_o and_o twenty_o beautiful_a palace_n beside_o which_o serve_v instead_o of_o four_o and_o twenty_o tribunal_n the_o mandarin_n of_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o emperor_n steward_n and_o be_v no_o way_n subject_n to_o the_o other_o tribunal_n and_o mandarin_n of_o the_o empire_n they_o be_v the_o overseer_n of_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o servant_n of_o the_o cellar_n office_n treasury_n and_o the_o like_a they_o punish_v or_o reward_v according_a to_o the_o king_n order_n such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o household_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n all_o these_o tribunal_n be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o eunuch_n but_o at_o present_a they_o be_v govern_v by_o seventy_o two_o tartar_a lord_n breed_v up_o in_o the_o palace_n three_o of_o these_o belong_v to_o every_o tribunal_n who_o have_v under_o they_o a_o great_a number_n of_o inferior_a officer_n all_o employ_v in_o their_o several_a station_n to_o expedite_v the_o business_n with_o which_o they_o be_v entrust_v and_o thus_o we_o have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o principal_a structure_n of_o the_o emperor_n palace_n for_o we_o shall_v never_o have_v do_v shall_v we_o undertake_v a_o particular_a description_n of_o all_o those_o other_o place_n and_o building_n which_o be_v therein_o enclose_v as_o the_o house_n of_o pleasure_n the_o library_n the_o magazine_n the_o treasury_n the_o stable_n and_o such_o like_o mean_a edisice_n but_o by_o what_o we_o have_v already_o describe_v a_o man_n may_v ready_o conjecture_v what_o far_o remain_v to_o be_v say_v all_o the_o structure_n which_o we_o have_v already_o describe_v be_v cover_v with_o large_a thick_a tile_n varnish_v with_o yellow_a green_a and_o blue_a and_o fasten_v with_o nail_n to_o withstand_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o be_v very_o high_a at_o pe_n kim_v the_o ridge_n which_o always_o run_v from_o east_n to_o west_n rise_v above_o the_o roof_n about_o the_o height_n of_o a_o lance._n the_o extremity_n be_v terminate_v with_o the_o body_n and_o head_n of_o dragon_n tiger_n lion_n and_o other_o beast_n that_o wind_n about_o and_o extend_v themselves_o all_o the_o length_n of_o the_o ridge_n a_o vast_a variety_n of_o flower_n and_o grotesque-work_n and_o other_o delightful_a ornament_n issue_v as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o their_o mouth_n and_o ear_n or_o else_o be_v fasten_v to_o their_o horn_n and_o in_o regard_n that_o all_o that_o you_o see_v of_o these_o palace_n be_v varnish_v over_o with_o the_o colour_n before_o mention_v you_o will_v think_v at_o a_o distance_n when_o the_o sun_n rise_v as_o i_o have_v many_o time_n observe_v that_o they_o be_v all_o make_v or_o at_o least_o cover_v with_o pure_a gold_n enamel_v with_o azure_a and_o green_a which_o yield_v a_o most_o delightful_a magnificent_a and_o majestic_a prospect_n note_n upon_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o some_o other_o palace_n and_o certain_a temple_n seat_v between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n k._n the_o first_o palace_n seat_v to_o the_o east_n between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n and_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o plane_n and_o as_o f._n couplet_n place_n it_o speak_v of_o the_o emperor_n who_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v build_v this_o prince_n be_v call_v y_o sum_n or_o kim_n tum_fw-la and_o his_o brother_n kim_n ti_fw-mi he_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1436._o he_o be_v take_v by_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o year_n 1650._o and_o set_v at_o liberty_n some_o time_n after_o his_o brother_n kim_n ti_fw-mi die_v in_o the_o year_n 1457._o and_o this_o emperor_n reassume_v the_o government_n the_o same_o year_n and_o die_v 1464._o the_o bridge_n which_o our_o author_n describe_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o workmanship_n altogether_o extraordinary_a and_o be_v enough_o of_o itself_o to_o make_v we_o admire_v the_o wit_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o chinese_n l._n the_o second_o palace_n seat_v between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n as_o be_v the_o six_o that_o immediate_o follow_v it_o be_v call_v hien_n yam_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o rise_n sun._n therein_o be_v solemnize_v the_o festival_n of_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n m._n the_o three_o palace_n call_v van_fw-mi xeu_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o ten_o thousand_o life_n it_o be_v mark_v near_o the_o lake_n by_o our_o author_n that_o emperor_n kia_n cim_o be_v otherwise_o call_v xi_o sum_n he_o begin_v his_o reign_n 1522._o the_o holy_a francis_n xavier_n arrive_v in_o china_n 1522._o and_o die_v in_o the_o island_n of_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge in_fw-ge the_o province_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_fw-la the_o second_o of_o december_n of_o the_o same_o year_n the_o emperor_n kia_n cim_o or_o xi_o sum_n reign_v till_o 1567._o his_o son_n more_n sum_n or_o lum_n kim_v die_v 1573_o and_o his_o grandchild_n van_n lie_v or_o xin_o come_v die_v in_o the_o year_n 1620._o king_n kia_n cim_o build_v this_o palace_n to_o practice_n chemistry_n and_o get_v the_o balsam_n of_o immortality_n n._n the_o four_o palace_n call_v cim_o hieu_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o great_a purity_n i_o have_v place_v it_o upon_o a_o mountain_n conformable_a to_o our_o author_n description_n therein_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v solemnize_v o._n the_o five_o palace_n call_v y_o tai_fw-fr tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o flourish_a tower._n it_o stand_v near_o the_o lake_n among_o the_o tree_n as_o our_o author_n describe_v it_o there_o the_o emperor_n abide_v during_o the_o excessive_a heat_n p._n the_o six_o palace_n van_n you_o tien_n
in_o piece_n which_o have_v be_v execute_v if_o his_o chief_a general_n who_o be_v his_o adopt_a son_n have_v not_o while_o they_o be_v lead_v to_o the_o place_n of_o torment_n by_o his_o argument_n and_o his_o intercession_n obtain_v their_o pardon_n thereupon_o the_o tyrant_n send_v away_o with_o all_o speed_n to_o have_v they_o bring_v back_o again_o into_o his_o presence_n where_o after_o he_o have_v load_v they_o with_o ill_a language_n and_o reproach_n he_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o custody_n of_o certain_a soldier_n with_o order_n to_o guard_v they_o day_n and_o night_n in_o which_o condition_n they_o remain_v for_o a_o whole_a month_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o he_o send_v for_o they_o one_o morning_n into_o his_o presence_n they_o find_v he_o then_o very_o bloody_o employ_v in_o give_v order_n for_o the_o put_n to_o death_n a_o great_a number_n of_o person_n and_o very_o believe_v that_o their_o last_o hour_n have_v be_v at_o hand_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v 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he_o his_o own_o order_n what_o to_o do_v according_o within_a half_a a_o hour_n he_o send_v three_o person_n the_o most_o considerable_a in_o his_o court_n with_o a_o elegy_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o father_n two_o hundred_o taels_n or_o about_o fourscore_o pound_n and_o ten_o great_a piece_n of_o damask_n for_o his_o shroud_n with_o command_n to_o perform_v all_o the_o customary_a ceremony_n before_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o decease_a and_o to_o bewail_v he_o after_o the_o usual_a manner_n which_o the_o two_o messenger_n do_v shed_v a_o great_a number_n of_o tear_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o whole_a assembly_n the_o elegy_n which_o the_o king_n give_v the_o father_n be_v in_o these_o word_n i_o understand_v that_o nghan_n ven_o sum_o for_o by_o that_o name_n they_o call_v the_o father_n in_o china_n be_v dead_a of_o a_o distemper_n i_o make_v he_o this_o writing_n in_o consideration_n that_o while_o my_o father_n live_v who_o be_v the_o first_o emperor_n of_o our_o family_n 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ordinary_a preparation_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o the_o funeral_n the_o same_o three_o person_n come_v in_o very_o good_a time_n to_o accompany_v the_o corpse_n according_a to_o the_o king_n command_n there_o come_v also_o a_o great_a number_n of_o mandarin_n acquaintance_n and_o other_o person_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o respect_n and_o as_o for_o the_o ceremony_n it_o be_v perform_v after_o the_o follow_a manner_n ten_o soldier_n march_v before_o with_o their_o arm_n to_o clear_v the_o street_n they_o be_v follow_v by_o ten_o usher_n of_o several_a tribunal_n that_o carry_v tablet_n wherein_o be_v write_v a_o order_n of_o the_o mandarin_n to_o give_v way_n under_o pain_n of_o punishment_n twenty_o four_o trumpeter_n and_o hoeboys_n with_o several_a sort_n of_o other_o instrument_n follow_v they_o and_o precede_v the_o king_n elegy_n that_o be_v write_v upon_o yellow_a satin_n and_o carry_v in_o a_o litter_n surround_v with_o four_o and_o twenty_o piece_n of_o satin_n of_o various_a colour_n this_o elegy_n be_v attend_v by_o several_a christian_a eunuch_n of_o which_o there_o be_v some_o that_o wait_v upon_o the_o king_n person_n afterward_o appear_v three_o other_o litter_n adorn_v with_o several_a piece_n of_o silk_n in_o the_o first_o be_v carry_v the_o cross_n in_o the_o second_o the_o picture_n of_o the_o holy_a virgin_n and_o in_o the_o three_o the_o picture_n of_o st._n michael_n these_o litter_n observe_v a_o convenient_a distance_n one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o in_o the_o space_n between_o there_o go_v a_o great_a number_n of_o christian_n of_o which_o some_o carry_v lanthern_n some_o banner_n and_o other_o censor_n other_o carry_v wax_v taper_n sweet_a odour_n and_o other_o thing_n after_o that_o in_o another_o banner_n be_v carry_v the_o portraiture_n of_o the_o father_n surround_v with_o piece_n of_o silk_n which_o the_o king_n have_v order_v to_o be_v draw_v to_o the_o life_n three_o year_n before_o together_o with_o the_o picture_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o father_n by_o a_o famous_a painter_n of_o the_o palace_n this_o picture_n be_v attend_v by_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o christian_n among_o which_o there_o be_v above_o threescore_o in_o mourn_v the_o father_n come_v last_o and_o just_a before_o the_o stately_a coffin_n which_o be_v â—…t_v into_o a_o hearse_n varnish_v over_o with_o god_n and_o vermillion_n under_o a_o canopy_n of_o a_o rich_a piece_n of_o red_a velvet_n which_o be_v environ_v with_o certain_a piece_n of_o white_a and_o blue_a damask_n and_o be_v the_o king_n gift_n the_o coffin_n be_v carry_v by_o seventy_o man_n who_o have_v every_o one_o a_o mourn_a bonnet_n upon_o their_o head_n and_o the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o follow_v the_o coffin_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o front_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o rear_n above_o a_o mile_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o enterrment_n the_o response_n be_v sing_v with_o other_o usual_a prayer_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o christian_n 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party_n decease_a by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o elegy_n which_o he_o give_v he_o contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n so_o high_o have_v this_o good_a father_n merit_v all_o a_o long_a the_o mark_n of_o esteem_n that_o be_v bestow_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o modesty_n which_o he_o show_v in_o all_o his_o action_n by_o his_o extreme_a charity_n for_o all_o the_o world_n and_o particular_o towards_o the_o poor_a by_o his_o affability_n to_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n by_o the_o hardship_n which_o he_o suffer_v for_o the_o love_n of_o god_n â—…d_v his_o zeal_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n though_o at_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o life_n and_o reputation_n the_o king_n understanding_n by_o the_o person_n who_o he_o have_v depute_v to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o ceremony_n the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o funeral_n and_o with_o what_o pomp_n and_o decency_n it_o have_v be_v perform_v be_v extreme_o satisfy_v so_o that_o when_o the_o father_n go_v to_o return_v their_o thanks_o to_o his_o majesty_n he_o make_v they_o approach_v very_o near_o his_o person_n entertain_v they_o with_o a_o particular_a sweetness_n and_o favour_n and_o cheer_v they_o for_o their_o loss_n with_o expression_n full_a of_o goodness_n and_o sincerity_n finis_fw-la letter_n of_o peter_n ferdinand_n de_fw-fr verbiest_n pag._n 221._o pag._n 250._o pag._n 265._o pag._n 265._o pag._n 265._o pag._n 267._o
speak_v but_o occasional_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o china_n father_n semedo_n indeed_o apply_v himself_o whole_o to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o relation_n wherein_o he_o have_v be_v very_o fortunate_a father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n and_o father_n martini_n in_o his_o first_o decad_n of_o the_o history_n of_o china_n and_o his_o relation_n of_o the_o tartar_n war_n have_v publish_v almost_o a_o complete_a succession_n of_o the_o history_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o same_o father_n martini_n in_o his_o atlas_n have_v make_v a_o geographical_a description_n of_o it_o so_o complete_a and_o full_a that_o there_o hardly_o remain_v any_o thing_n more_o for_o we_o to_o desire_v and_o last_o the_o annual_a letter_n and_o other_o piece_n which_o i_o have_v cite_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o various_a success_n of_o the_o mission_n which_o they_o undertake_v inform_v we_o of_o several_a notable_a and_o curious_a particular_n but_o though_o these_o author_n be_v every_o one_o worthy_a to_o be_v esteem_v and_o value_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o we_o want_v still_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o considerable_a particular_n whither_o it_o be_v that_o the_o subject_n be_v too_o copious_a to_o be_v exhaust_v or_o that_o those_o other_o design_n which_o they_o propose_v to_o themselves_o divert_v their_o particular_a industry_n however_o it_o be_v it_o be_v apparent_a that_o father_n magaillans_n have_v it_o in_o his_o thought_n to_o have_v supply_v all_o the_o defect_n which_o he_o find_v in_o those_o other_o piece_n and_o whatever_o be_v want_v that_o may_v give_v we_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o china_n for_o they_o who_o read_v this_o relation_n will_v find_v that_o the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v have_v either_o be_v whole_o omit_v by_o all_o other_o author_n or_o else_o but_o very_o slight_o touch_v and_o therefore_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v thing_n of_o great_a curiosity_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o this_o translation_n will_v be_v grateful_a to_o the_o more_o exact_a part_n of_o the_o learned_a world._n in_o a_o word_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o have_v all_o those_o advantage_n that_o suffice_v to_o recommend_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n the_o matter_n be_v of_o great_a consequence_n and_o become_v the_o curiosity_n of_o all_o those_o that_o desire_v to_o know_v remote_a country_n since_o it_o have_v describe_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a exactness_n and_o part_n by_o part_n what_o be_v most_o considerable_a in_o that_o same_o famous_a empire_n of_o china_n there_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o determine_v by_o evident_a proof_n that_o the_o country_n of_o catay_n and_o mangi_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o spacious_a kingdom_n it_o discourse_n at_o large_a of_o the_o chinese_n language_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o their_o composition_n of_o the_o word_n which_o they_o comprehend_v of_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o language_n and_o how_o easy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v to_o attain_v it_o which_o give_v we_o a_o far_o different_a idea_n of_o it_o from_o whatever_o we_o have_v have_v till_o now_o of_o the_o chinese_n book_n and_o their_o antiquity_n and_o the_o great_a number_n of_o they_o upon_o all_o sort_n of_o subject_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o their_o king_n of_o the_o certain_a and_o successive_a continuance_n of_o the_o chinese_n chronology_n from_o the_o next_o age_n to_o the_o deluge_n it_o show_v we_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o chinese_n in_o many_o thing_n their_o wonderful_a form_n of_o government_n and_o all_o their_o different_a tribunal_n with_o a_o world_n of_o other_o circumstance_n there_o you_o find_v a_o exact_a acount_n of_o all_o their_o public_a work_n and_o a_o particular_a description_n of_o some_o magnificent_a bridge_n the_o great_a canal_n the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n their_o most_o sumptuous_a house_n their_o principal_a temple_n and_o the_o vast_a and_o spacious_a palace_n of_o the_o emperor_n which_o comprehend_v within_o it_o several_a other_o sufficient_a to_o make_v we_o admire_v their_o architecture_n and_o the_o form_n and_o contrivance_n of_o their_o building_n last_o there_o be_v a_o description_n of_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o wax_n which_o be_v not_o any_o where_o else_o to_o be_v find_v of_o the_o riches_n of_o china_n of_o the_o emperor_n revenue_n of_o some_o remarkable_a ceremony_n and_o of_o so_o many_o other_o particular_n which_o it_o will_v be_v here_o too_o tedious_a a_o trouble_n to_o repeat_v the_o author_n be_v well_o inform_v of_o all_o those_o thing_n of_o which_o he_o give_v we_o a_o account_n he_o have_v travel_v over_o all_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o china_n from_o the_o year_n 1640._o to_o 1648._o at_o what_o time_n he_o be_v carry_v to_o pe_n kim_n where_o he_o stay_v nine_o and_o twenty_o year_n at_o the_o court_n that_o be_v to_o say_v till_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1677._o without_o stir_v from_o thence_o unless_o it_o be_v once_o that_o he_o be_v send_v to_o macao_n by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o emperor_n so_o long_a and_o constant_a a_o residence_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n and_o book_n his_o conversation_n with_o person_n the_o most_o considerable_a in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o liberty_n which_o he_o have_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o palace_n the_o choice_n which_o he_o make_v of_o the_o matter_n and_o particular_n of_o which_o he_o give_v a_o account_n will_v easy_o confirm_v we_o that_o he_o have_v a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n of_o which_o he_o give_v we_o the_o relation_n so_o that_o although_o the_o description_n which_o he_o give_v we_o of_o the_o emperor_n palace_n do_v not_o agree_v with_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n to_o china_n yet_o there_o be_v all_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o world_n to_o prefer_v the_o testimony_n of_o this_o author_n before_o that_o relation_n the_o sincerity_n also_o and_o reality_n of_o father_n magaillans_n far_o appear_v by_o this_o that_o he_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o correct_a father_n martini_n where_o he_o know_v he_o to_o be_v in_o a_o error_n though_o in_o other_o place_n he_o confirm_v by_o his_o testimony_n the_o esteem_n which_o all_o europe_n have_v for_o the_o work_n of_o that_o father_n and_o for_o that_o he_o speak_v with_o moderation_n of_o many_o other_o thing_n where_o the_o author_n have_v stretch_v too_o far_o in_o their_o relation_n have_v thus_o far_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o worth_n and_o merit_n of_o this_o relation_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o tell_v the_o reader_n how_o it_o fall_v into_o my_o hand_n it_o be_v now_o about_o three_o year_n since_o that_o f._n couplet_n come_v to_o rome_n in_o the_o quality_n of_o procurator_n for_o the_o mission_n of_o china_n have_v several_a occasion_n to_o wait_v upon_o cardinal_n d'_fw-fr estrees_n where_o i_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v at_o that_o time_n his_o eminency_n ask_v he_o several_a curious_a question_n concern_v china_n but_o chief_o concern_v pe_n kim_n the_o emperor_n court_n and_o the_o government_n and_o policy_n of_o that_o great_a kingdom_n to_o which_o the_o father_n give_v his_o eminency_n all_o the_o satisfaction_n he_o can_v desire_v so_o far_o as_o he_o know_v but_o in_o regard_n he_o have_v never_o be_v but_o once_o at_o pe_n kim_n when_o he_o be_v carry_v prisoner_n thither_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a persecution_n he_o answer_v the_o cardinal_n with_o his_o usual_a sincerity_n that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o well_o inform_v as_o to_o those_o other_o particular_a question_n which_o his_o eminency_n put_v to_o he_o but_o that_o he_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o china_n a_o portugese_n manuscript_n write_v by_o f._n gabriel_n de_fw-fr magaillans_n where_o he_o will_v find_v the_o plenary_a satisfaction_n of_o all_o that_o he_o desire_v to_o know_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n present_v the_o manuscript_n to_o his_o eminency_n who_o have_v read_v it_o over_o with_o great_a delight_n give_v it_o into_o my_o hand_n upon_o a_o proffer_n which_o i_o make_v he_o to_o translate_v it_o however_o i_o find_v it_o a_o more_o difficult_a task_n than_o i_o imagine_v for_o though_o father_n de_fw-fr magaillan_n have_v deliver_v it_o fair_o write_v yet_o by_o a_o unfortunate_a accident_n it_o happen_v to_o be_v half_o burn_v so_o that_o i_o be_v force_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o confuse_a original_a which_o have_v be_v lucky_o preserve_v which_o be_v the_o great_a part_n write_v in_o loose_a paper_n it_o require_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o time_n to_o place_v they_o in_o order_n and_o find_v out_o the_o connection_n the_o author_n have_v entitle_v his_o work_n the_o twelve_o excellency_n of_o china_n but_o this_o title_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v too_o much_o affect_v and_o not_o answerable_a to_o the_o subject_a for_o it_o be_v not_o limit_v to_o
twelve_o excellency_n of_o china_n in_o regard_n it_o contain_v a_o far_o great_a number_n as_o they_o that_o read_v the_o whole_a will_n easy_o find_v beside_o that_o the_o division_n which_o he_o have_v make_v be_v not_o proportionable_a to_o the_o matter_n there_o be_v some_o of_o those_o excellency_n which_o do_v not_o take_v up_o a_o page_n or_o two_o and_o other_o that_o fill_v up_o above_o thirty_o or_o forty_o so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o more_o proper_a to_o divide_v the_o relation_n into_o one_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n and_o to_o give_v they_o title_n answerable_a to_o the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v in_o other_o thing_n i_o have_v not_o swerve_v at_o all_o from_o the_o method_n and_o sense_n of_o my_o author_n neither_o have_v i_o make_v the_o least_o alteration_n only_o that_o i_o may_v conform_v to_o the_o style_n and_o genius_n of_o our_o language_n i_o have_v not_o tie_v myself_o so_o strict_o and_o literal_o to_o his_o expression_n and_o by_o what_o i_o have_v say_v you_o may_v be_v confident_a that_o this_o relation_n have_v never_o appear_v in_o any_o other_o language_n nor_o be_v ever_o print_v before_o and_o by_o consequence_n that_o it_o be_v altogether_o new._n i_o also_o observe_v in_o read_v that_o there_o be_v several_a thing_n which_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v sufficient_o explain_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o such_o as_o have_v not_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o china_n and_o that_o the_o description_n of_o pe_n kim_v and_o the_o emperor_n palace_n may_v seem_v obscure_a to_o many_o people_n i_o have_v therefore_o endeavour_v to_o remedy_v the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o inconvenience_n by_o note_n in_o italic_a which_o i_o have_v place_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n because_o i_o will_v not_o crowd_v the_o margin_n nor_o interrupt_v the_o text_n but_o preserve_v the_o original_a in_o its_o purity_n and_o credit_n and_o leave_v the_o reader_n at_o liberty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o or_o let_v they_o alone_o for_o remedy_n of_o the_o second_o inconvenience_n i_o have_v make_v a_o draught_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o palace_n collect_v together_o with_o great_a care_n what_o the_o author_n have_v speak_v dispersedly_z in_o several_a part_n of_o his_o relation_n mounsieur_fw-fr peyronett_n a_o ingenier_n of_o good_a repute_n draw_v out_o the_o draught_n at_o my_o request_n fair_a upon_o paper_n to_o which_o i_o add_v the_o explanation_n of_o every_o thing_n with_o letter_n which_o relate_v to_o other_o that_o be_v engrave_v upon_o the_o plane_n and_o further_o to_o satisfy_v entire_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o to_o give_v more_o reputation_n to_o the_o book_n i_o have_v add_v the_o life_n of_o father_n magaillans_n who_o be_v the_o author_n which_o i_o be_v the_o rather_o incline_v to_o do_v because_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v but_o very_o short_a and_o modest_o write_v it_o be_v write_v by_o father_n lewis_n buglio_n a_o cicilian_a and_o father_n magaillan_n inseparable_a companion_n from_o the_o year_n 1640_o to_o the_o year_n 1677_o that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o near_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o seven_o year_n together_o father_n buglio_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1682_o in_o great_a reputation_n for_o his_o virtue_n and_o learning_n so_o that_o the_o care_n which_o he_o have_v take_v to_o write_v the_o life_n of_o our_o author_n be_v a_o double_a approbation_n of_o his_o work._n i_o must_v here_o take_v notice_n by_o the_o way_n that_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v the_o portuguese_n orthography_n in_o spell_a the_o name_n of_o our_o author_n for_o the_o portuguese_n write_v it_o after_o this_o manner_n magalhanes_n but_o in_o regard_n few_o people_n in_o france_n can_v so_o pronounce_v it_o i_o alter_v it_o into_o magaillans_n which_o the_o french_a pronounce_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o portuguese_n pronunciation_n of_o magalhanes_n this_o father_n be_v of_o the_o same_o family_n of_o the_o famous_a ferdinand_n de_fw-fr magaillans_n who_o be_v call_v by_o the_o corruption_n of_o language_n magellan_n and_o be_v the_o first_o that_o discover_v the_o magellanick_n strait_o in_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o southern_a america_n i_o have_v also_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n mandarin_n or_o mandarim_n which_o the_o portuguese_n make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v the_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n cochinchina_n tum_o kim_v and_o china_n as_o well_o for_o that_o all_o the_o other_o relation_n make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n as_o also_o for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o word_n well_o know_v in_o france_n ever_o since_o the_o come_n thither_o of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o siam_n the_o word_n be_v derive_v from_o mandar_fw-la to_o command_v and_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n of_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n this_o remark_n oblige_v i_o to_o add_v another_o upon_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o the_o chinese_n word_n and_o letter_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n how_o to_o pronounce_v they_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o chinese_n their_o word_n be_v all_o monosyllable_n or_o else_o of_o one_o syllable_n without_o exception_n and_o so_o they_o be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v all_o at_o once_o and_o without_o any_o distinction_n of_o syllable_n of_o what_o number_n of_o consonant_n and_o vowel_n soever_o they_o be_v compose_v for_o example_n kiam_fw-la which_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o great_a river_n in_o china_n must_v be_v pronounce_v all_o at_o a_o time_n and_o not_o as_o if_o it_o be_v two_o syllable_n kiam_a in_o like_a manner_n the_o word_n lve_v hve_v do_v not_o make_v two_o syllable_n li-ven_a nor_o three_o liuen_a but_o only_o one_o syllable_n which_o be_v to_o be_v express_v by_o pronounce_v they_o all_o as_o one_o syllable_n yet_o so_o as_o to_o express_v the_o sound_n of_o all_o the_o letter_n not_o but_o that_o the_o chineses_n have_v word_n compose_v of_o several_a syllable_n but_o these_o syllable_n be_v always_o separate_v and_o from_o different_a word_n as_o tai_n yven_v the_o name_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o xan_n si_fw-la cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la the_o name_n of_o a_o tyrant_n mention_v in_o the_o relation_n thus_o we_o write_v in_o france_n st._n malo_n haure_n the_o grace_n by_o separate_a word_n and_o not_o in_o one_o word_n as_o villeneuf_n montroyal_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o st._n malo_n be_v form_v of_o two_o word_n and_o three_o syllable_n and_o haure_n the_o grace_n of_o three_o word_n and_o five_o syllable_n whereas_o the_o chinese_n name_n have_v never_o more_o syllable_n than_o word_n thus_o tai_n yven_v be_v compose_v of_o two_o word_n and_o two_o syllable_n and_o cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la of_o three_o word_n and_o three_o syllable_n only_o as_o for_o their_o letter_n though_o there_o be_v as_o many_o chinese_n letter_n as_o there_o be_v chinese_n word_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v express_v by_o mean_n of_o our_o european_a letter_n add_v necessary_a accent_n to_o distinguish_v they_o in_o speak_v as_o be_v explain_v in_o this_o relation_n which_o be_v premise_v you_o shall_v see_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o chineses_n pronounce_v a_o they_o have_v a_o sound_n in_o their_o language_n which_o answer_v to_o our_o a_o as_o in_o the_o word_n nan_n kim_n b_o they_o have_v no_o sound_n that_o answer_v b_o but_o in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o they_o make_v use_v of_o p_o thus_o instead_o of_o cambalu_n they_o say_v ham_n pa_n lu_o c_o before_o a_o o_o or_o u_o must_v be_v pronounce_v as_o our_o ca_o co_n cu_z but_o before_o e_z and_o i_o it_o must_v be_v pronounce_v tze_n tzi_n and_o not_o ce_fw-fr ci._n ch_z must_v be_v pronounce_v as_o tcha_n tche_n tchi_n tcho_n tchu_n d_o be_v not_o pronounce_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n but_o only_a t_o which_o be_v near_a to_o it_o e_z and_o f_o be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o france_n g_o before_z a_o o_o u_o must_v be_v pronounce_v nga_n ngo_n ngu_n as_o if_o there_o be_v a_o n_o before_o the_o g._n but_o before_o e_z and_o i_o as_o we_o pronounce_v ge_n give_v h_n must_v be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o strong_a aspiration_n of_o the_o throat_n like_o the_o welsh_a ll._n ay_o k_o and_o l_o as_o we_o do_v m_o at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o word_n must_v be_v pronounce_v open_a and_o soft_o without_o make_v any_o stop_n by_o close_v the_o lip_n otherwise_o they_o pronounce_v it_o as_o we_o do_v n_o at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o word_n be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v hard_o put_v a_o stress_n upon_o it_o as_o in_o the_o latin_a word_n lumen_fw-la otherwise_o as_o we_o do_v p_o as_o in_o france_n q_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n unless_o when_o a_o u_o follow_v and_o then_o it_o be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o the_o latin_a word_n quam_fw-la r_o be_v never_o pronounce_v by_o the_o chinese_n s_o as_o we_o do_v t_o