Selected quad for the lemma: order_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
order_n	affinity_n	find_v	great_a	16	3	2.1187	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A77689	Hydriotaphia, urne-buriall, or, a discourse of the sepulchrall urnes lately found in Norfolk. Together with the garden of Cyrus, or the quincunciall, lozenge, or net-work plantations of the ancients, artificially, naturally, mystically considered. With sundry observations. / By Thomas Browne D. of Physick.	Browne, Thomas, Sir, 1605-1682.	1658 (1658)	Wing B5154; Thomason E1821_3; ESTC R202039	74,321	222

oppositely make acute and blunt Angles And though therein we meet not with right angles yet every Rhombus containing four Angles equall unto two right it virtually contains two right in every one Nor is this strange unto such as observe the naturall lines of Trees and parts disposed in them For neither in the root doth nature affect this angle which shooting downward for the stability of the plant doth best effect the same by Figures of Inclination Nor in the Branches and stalky leaves which grow most at acute angles as declining from their head the root and diminishing their Angles with their altitude Verified also in lesser Plants whereby they better support themselves and bear not so heavily upon the stalk So that while near the root they often make an Angle of seventy parts the sprouts near the top will often come short of thirty Enen in the nerves and master veins of the leaves the acute angle ruleth the obtuse but seldome found and in the backward part of the leaf reflecting and arching about the stalk But why ofttimes one side of the leaf is unequall unto the other as in Hazell and Oaks why on either side the master vein the lesser and derivative channels not directly opposite nor at equall angles respectively unto the adverse side but those of one part do often exceed the other as the Wallnut and many more deserves another enquiry Now if for this order we affect coniferous and tapering Trees particularly the Cypresse which grows in a conicall figure we have found a Tree not only of great Ornament but in its Essentials of affinity unto this order A solid Rhombus being made by the conversion of two Equicrurall Cones as Archimedes hath defined And these were the common Trees about Babylon and the East whereof the Ark was made and Alexander found no Trees so accomodable to build his Navy And this we rather think to be the Tree mentioned in the Canticles which stricter Botanology will hardly allow to be Camphire And if delight or ornamentall view invite a comely disposure by circular amputations as is elegantly performed in Hawthorns then will they answer the figures made by the conversion of a Rhombus which maketh two concentricall Circles the greater circumference being made by the lesser angles the lesser by the greater The Cylindrical figure of Trees is virtually contained and latent in this order A Cylinder or long round being made by the conversion or turning of a Parallelogram and most handsomely by a long square which makes an equall strong and lasting figure in Trees agreeable unto the body and motive parts of animals the greatest number of Plants and almost all roots though their stalks be angular and of many corners which seem not to follow the figure of their Seeds Since many angular Seeds send forth round stalks and sphaericall seeds arise from angular spindles and many rather conform unto their Roots as the round stalks of bulbous Roots and in tuberous Roots stemmes of like figure But why since the largest number of Plants maintain a circular Figure there are so few with teretous or longround leaves why coniferous Trees are tenuifolious or narrowleafed why Plants of few or no joynts have commonly round stalks why the greatest number of hollow stalks are round stalks or why in this variety of angular stalks the quadrangular most exceedeth were too long a speculation Mean while obvious experience may finde that in Plants of divided leaves above nature often beginneth circularly in the two first leaves below while in the singular plant of Ivy she exerciseth a contrary Geometry and beginning with angular leaves below rounds them in the upper branches Nor can the rows in this order want delight as carrying an aspect answerable unto the dipteros hypoethros or double order of columns open above the opposite ranks of Trees standing like pillars in the Cavedia of the Courts of famous buildings and the Portico's of the Templa subdialia of old Somewhat imitating the Peristylia or Cloyster buildings and the Exedrae of the Ancients wherein men discoursed walked and exercised For that they derived the rule of Columnes from Trees especially in their proportionall diminutions is illustrated by Vitruvi●s from the shafts of Firre and Pine And though the inter-arboration do imitate the Areostylos or thin order not strictly answering the proportion of intercolumniations yet in many Trees they will not exceed the intermission of the Columnes in the Court of the Tabernacle which being an hundred cubits long and made up by twenty pillars will afford no lesse then intervals of five cubits Beside in this kinde of aspect the sight being not diffused but circumscribed between long parallels and the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and adumbration from the branches it frameth a penthouse over the eye and maketh a quiet vision And therefore in diffused and open aspects men hollow their hand above their eye and make an artificiall brow whereby they direct the dispersed rayes of sight and by this shade preserve a moderate light in the chamber of the eye keeping the pupilla plump and fair and not contracted or shrunk as in light and vagrant vision And therefore providence hath arched and paved the great house of the world with colours of mediocrity that is blew and green above and below the sight moderately terminating the acies of the eye For most plants though green above-ground maintain their Originall white below it according to the candour of their seminall pulp and the rudimental leaves do first appear in that colour observable in Seeds sprouting in water upon their first foliation Green seeming to be the first supervenient or above-ground complexion of Vegetables separable in many upon ligature or inhumation as Succory Endive Artichoaks and which is also lost upon fading in the Autumn And this is also agreeable unto water it self the alimental vehicle of plants which first altereth into this colour And containing many vegetable seminalities revealeth their Seeds by greennesse and therefore soonest expected in rain or standing water not easily found in distilled or water strongly boiled wherein the Seeds are extinguished by fire and decoction and therefore last long and pure without such alteration affording neither uliginous coats gnatworms Acari hair-worms like crude and common water And therefore most fit for wholsome beverage and with malt makes Ale and Beer without boyling What large water-drinkers some Plants are the Canary-Tree and Birches in some Northern Countries drenching the Fields about them do sufficiently demonstrate How water it self is able to maintain the growth of Vegetables and without extinction of their generative or medicall vertues Beside the experiment of Helmonts tree we have found in some which have lived six years in glasses The seeds of Scur●y-grasse growing in waterpots have been fruitfull in the Land And Asarum after a years space and once casting its leaves in water in the second leaves hath handsomely performed its vomiting operation Nor are only dark and green

hardly be flat in other appropriations CHAP. II. NOt was this only a form of practise in Plantations but found imitation from high Antiquity in sundry artificiall contrivances and manuall operations For to omit the position of squared stones cuneatim or wedgwise in the Walls of Roman and Gothick buildings and the lithostrata or figured pavements of the ancients which consisted not all of square stones but were divided into triquetrous segments honey-combs and sexangular figures according to Vitruvius The squared stones and bricks in ancient fabricks were placed after this order And two above or below conjoyned by a middle stone or Plinthus observable in the ruines of Forum Nervae the Mausoleum of Augustus the Pyramid of Cestius and the sculpture draughts of the larger Pyramids of Aegypt And therefore in the draughts of eminent fabricks Painters do commonly imitate this order in the lines of their description In the Laureat draughts of sculpture and picture the leaves and foliate works are commonly thus contrived which is but in imitation of the Pulvinaria and ancient pillow-work observable in Ionick peeces about columns temples and altars To omit many other analogies in Architectonicall draughts which art it self is founded upon fives as having its subject and most gracefull peeces divided by this number The Triumphal Oval and Civicall Crowns of Laurel Oake and Myrtle when fully made were pleated after this order And to omit the crossed Crowns of Christian Princes what figure that was which Anastatius described upon the head of Leo the third or who first brought in the Arched Crown That of Charles the great which seems the first remarkably closed Crown was framed after this manner with an intersection in the middle from the main crossing barres and the interspaces unto the frontal circle continued by handsome network-plates much after this order Whereon we shall not insist because from greater Antiquity and practice of consecration we meet with the radiated and starry Crown upon the head of Augustus and many succeeding Emperors Since the Armenians and Parthians had a peculiar royall Capp And the Grecians from Alexander another kinde of diadem And even Diadems themselves were but fasciations and handsome ligatures about the heads of Princes nor wholly omitted in the mitrall Crown which common picture seems to set too upright and forward upon the head of Aaron Worne sometimes singly or doubly by Princes according to their Kingdomes and no more to be expected from two Crowns at once upon the head of Ptlomy And so easily made out when historians tell us some bound up wounds some hanged themselves with diadems The beds of the antients were corded somewhat after this fashion That is not directly as ours at present but obliquely from side to side and after the manner of network whereby they strengthened the spondae or bedsides and spent less cord in the work as is demonstrated by Blancanus And as they lay in crossed beds so they sat upon seeming crosselegg'd seats in which form the noblest thereof were framed Observable in the triumphall seats the sella curulis or Aedyle Chayres in the coyns of Cestuis Sylla and Julius That they sat also crosse legg'd many noble draughts declare and in this figure the sitting gods and goddesses are drawn in medalls and medallions And beside this kinde of work in Retiarie and hanging textures in embroderies and eminent needle-works the like is obvious unto every eve in glass-windows Nor only in Glassie contrivances but also in Lattice and Stone-work conceived in the Temple of Solomon wherein the windows are termed fenestrae reticulatae or lights framed like nets And agreeable unto the Greek expression concerning Christ in the Canticles looking through the nets which ours hath rendered he looketh forth at the windows shewing himselfe through the lattesse that is partly seen and unseen according to the vifible and invisible side of his nature To omit the noble reticulate work in the chapters of the pillars of Solomon with Lillies and Pomegranats upon a network ground and the Craticula or grate through which the ashes fell in the altar of burnt offerings That the networks and nets of antiquity were little different in the form from ours at present is confirmable from the nets in the hands of the Retiarie gladiators the proper combatants with the secutores To omit the ancient Conopeion or gnatnet of the Aegyptians the inventors of that Artifice the rushey labyrinths of Theocritus the nosegaynets which hung from the head under the nostrils of Princes and that uneasie metaphor of Reticulum Jecoris which some expound the lobe we the caule above the liver As for that famous network of Vulcan which inclosed Mars and Venus and caused that unextinguishable laugh in heaven since the gods themselves could not discern it we shall not prie into it Although why Vulcan bound them Neptune loosed them and Apollo should first discover them might afford no vulgar mythologie Heralds have not omitted this order or imitation thereof whiles they Symbollically adorn their Scuchions with Mascles Fusils and Saltyrs and while they disposed the figures of Ermins and vaired coats in this Quincuncial method The same is not forgot by Lapidaries while they cut their gemms pyramidally or by aequicrural triangles Perspective pictures in their Base Horison and lines of distances cannot escape these Rhomboidall decussations Sculptors in their strongest shadows after this order do draw their double Haches And the very Americans do naturally fall upon it in their neat and curious textures which is also observed in the elegant artifices of Europe But this is no law unto the woof of the neat Retiarie Spider which seems to weave without transversion and by the union of right lines to make out a continued surface which is beyond the common art of Textury and may still nettle Minerva the Goddesse of that mystery And he that shall hatch the little seeds either found in small webs or white round Egges carried under the bellies of some Spiders and behold how at their first production in boxes they will presently fill the same with their webbs may observe the early and untaught finger of nature and how they are natively provided with a stock sufficient for such Texture The Rurall charm against Dodder Tetter and strangling weeds was contrived after this order while they placed a chalked Tile at the four corners and one in the middle of their fields which though ridiculous in the intention was rationall in the contrivance and a good way to diffuse the magick through all parts of the Area Somewhat after this manner they ordered the little stones in the old game of Pentalithismus or casting up five stones to catch them on the back of their hand And with some resemblance hereof the Proci or Prodigall Paramours disposed their men when they played at Penelope For being themselves an hundred and eight they set fifty four stones on either side and one in the middle which

finde strict rule although not after this order How little is required unto effectual generation and in what diminutives the plastick principle lodgeth is exemplified in seeds wherein the greater mass affords so little comproduction In Beanes the leaf and root sprout from the Germen the main sides split and lye by and in some pull'd up near the time of blooming we have found the pulpous sides intire or little wasted In Acorns the nebb dilating splitteth the two sides which sometimes lye whole when the Oak is sprouted two handfuls In Lupins these pulpy sides do sometimes arise with the stalk in a resemblance of two fat leaves Wheat and Rye will grow up if after they have shot some tender Roots the adhering pulp be taken from them Beanes will prosper though a part be cut away and so much set as sufficeth to contain and keep the German close From this superfluous pulp in unkindely and wet years may arise that multiplicity of little insects which infest the Roots and Sprouts of tender Graines and pulses In the little nebbe or fructifying principle the motion is regular and not transvertible as to make that ever the leaf which nature intendeth the root observable from their conversion until they attain their right position if seeds be set inversedly In vain we expect the production of plants from different parts of the seed from the same corculum or little original proceed both germinations and in the power of this slender particle lye many Roots that though the fame be pull'd away the generative particle will renew them again and proceed to a perfect plant And malt may be observed to grow though the Cummes be fallen from it The seminall nebbe hath a defined and single place and not extended unto both extremes And therefore many too vulgarly conceive that Barley and Oats grow at both ends For they arise from one punctilio or generative nebbe and the Speare sliding under the husk first appeareth nigh the toppe But in Wheat and Rye being bare the sprouts are seen together If Barley unhulled would grow both would appear at once But in this and Oat-meal the nebbe is broken away which makes them the milder food and lesse apt to raise fermentation in Decoctions Men taking notice of what is outwardly vifible conceive a sensible priority in the Root But as they begin from one part so they seem to start and set out upon one fignall of nature In Beans yet soft in Pease while they adhere unto the Cod the rudimentall Leafe and Root are discoverable In the seeds of Rocket and Mustard sprouting in Glasses of water when the one is manifest the other is also peeceptible In muddy waters apt to breed Duckweed and Periwinkles if the first and rudimentall stroaks of Duckweed be observed the Leaves and Root anticipate not each other But in the Date-stone the first sprout is neither root nor leaf distinctly but borh together For the Germination being to passe through the the narrow Navell and hole about the midst of the stone the generative germ is faine to enlengthen it self and shooting out about an inch at that distance divideth into the ascending and descending portion And though it be generally thought that Seeds will root at that end where they adhere to their Originals and observable it is that the nebbe sets most often next the stalk as in Grains Pulses and most small Seeds yet is it hardly made out in many greater plants For in Acornes Almonds Pistachios Wallnuts and accuminated shells the germ puts forth at the remotest part of the pulp And therefore to set Seeds in that posture wherein the Leaf and Roots may shoot right without contortion or forced circumvolution which might render them strongly rooted and straighter were a Criticisme in Agriculture And nature seems to have made some provision hereof in many from their figure that as they fall from the tree they may lye in Positions agreeable to such advantages Beside the open and visible Testicles of plants the seminall pores lie in great part invisible while the Sun findes polypody in stone-wals the little stinging Nettle and nightshade in barren sandy High-wayes Scurvy-grasse in Greeneland and unknown plants in earth brought from remote Countries Beside the known longevity of some Trees what is the most lasting herb or seed seems not easily determinable Mandrakes upon known account have lived near an hundred yeares Seeds found in Wilde-Fowls Gizards have sprouted in the earth The Seeds of Marjorane and Stramonium carelesly kept have grown after seven years Even in Garden-plots long fallow and digged up the seeds of Blattaria and yellow henbane and after twelve years burial have produced themselves again That bodies are first spirits Paracelsus could affirm which in the maturation of Seeds and fruits seems obscurely implied by Aristotle when he delivereth that the spirituous parts are converted into water and the water into earth and attested by observation in the maturative progresse of Seeds wherein at first may be discerned a flatuous distenfion of the husk afterwards a thin liquor which longer time digesteth into a pulp or kernell observable in Almonds and large Nuts And some way answered in the progressionall perfection of animall semination in its spermaticall maturation from crude pubescency unto perfection And even that seeds themselves in their rudimentall discoveries appear in foliaceous surcles or sprouts within their coverings in a diaphonous gellie before deeper incr-ssation is also visibly verified in Cherries Acorns Plums From seminall confiderations either in reference unto one mother or distinction from animall production the holy Scripture describeth the vegetable creation And while it divideth plants but into Herb and Tree though it seemeth to make but an accidental division from magnitude it tacitely containeth the naturall distinction of vegetables observed by Herbarists and comprehending the four kinds For since the most naturall distinction is made from the production of leaf or stalk and plants after the two first seminall leaves do either proceeed to send forth more leaves or a stalk and the folious and stalky emission distinguisheth herbs and trees and stand Authentically differenced but from the accidents of the stalk The Aequivocall production of things under undiscerned principles makes a large part of generation though they seem to hold a wide univocacy in their set and certain Originals while almost every plant breeds its peculiar insect most a Butterfly moth or fly wherein the Oak seems to contain the largest seminality while the Julus Oak apple dill woolly tuft foraminous roundles upon the leaf and grapes under ground make a Fly with some difference The great variety of Flyes lyes in the variety of their originals in the seeds of Caterpillars or Cankers there lyeth not only a Butterfly or Moth but if they be sterill or untimely cast their production is often a Fly which we have also observed from corrupted and mouldred Egges both of Hens and Fishes To omit the generation of Bees out of the bodies

them to look upon the Sunne And in tender plants from mustard seed sown in the winter and in a plot of earth placed inwardly against a South-window the tender stalks of two leaves arose not erect but bending towards the window nor looking much higher then the Meridian Sun And if the pot were turned they would work themselves into their former declinations making their conversion by the East That the Leaves of the Olive and some other Trees solstitially turn and precisely tell us when the Sun is entred Cancer is scarce expectable in any Climate and Theophrastus warily observes it Yet somewhat thereof is observable in our own in the leaves of Willows and Sallows some weeks after the Solstice But the great Convolvulus or white-flower'd Bindweed observes both motions of the Sunne while the flower twists Aequinoctionally from the left hand to the right according to the daily revolution The stalk twineth ecliptically from the right to the left according to the annual conversion Some commend the exposure of these orders unto the Western gales as the most generative and fructifying breath of heaven But we applaud the Husbandry of Solomon whereto agreeth the doctrine of Theophrastus Arise O North-winde and blow thou South upon my garden that the spices thereof may flow out For the North-winde closing the pores and shutting up the effluviums when the South doth after open and relax them the Aromatical gummes do drop and sweet odours fly actively from them And if his garden had the same situation which mapps and charts afford it on the East side of Jerusalem and having the wall on the West these were the windes unto which it was well exposed By this way of plantation they encreased the number of their trees which they lost in Quaternio's and square-square-orders which is a commodity insisted on by Varro and one great intent of nature in this position of flowers and seeds in the elegant formation of plants and the former Rules observed in naturall and artificiall Figurations Whether in this order and one Tree in some measure breaking the cold and pinching gusts of windes from the other trees will not better maintain their inward circles and either escape or moderate their excentricities may also be considered For the circles in Trees are naturally concentricall parallell unto the bark and unto each other till frost and piercing windes contract and close them on the weatherside the opposite semicircle widely enlarging and at a comely distance which hindreth ofttimes the beauty and roundnesse of Trees and makes the Timber lesse serviceable whiles the ascending juyce not readily passing settles in knots and inequalities And therefore it is no new course of Agriculture to observe the native position of Trees according to North and South in their transplantations The same is also observable under-ground in the circinations and sphaerical rounds of Onyons wherein the circles of the Orbes are ofttimes larger and the meridionall lines stand wider upon one side then the other And where the largenesse will make up the number of planetical Orbes that of Luna and the lower planets excede the dimensions of Saturne and the higher Whether the like be not verified in the Circles of the large roots of Briony and Mandrakes or why in the knotts of Deale or Firre the Circles are often eccentricall although not in a plane but vertical and right position deserves a further enquiry Whether there be not some irregularity of roundnesse in most plants according to their position Whether some small compression of pores be not perceptible in parts which stand against the current of waters as in Reeds Bull-rushes and other vegetables toward the streaming quarter may also be observed and therefore such as are long and weak are commonly contrived into a roundnesse of figure whereby the water presseth lesse and slippeth more smoothly from them and even in flags of flat-figured leaves the greater part obvert their sharper sides unto the current in ditches But whether plants which float upon the surface of the water be for the most part of cooling qualities those which shoot above it of heating vertues and why whether Sargasso for many miles floating upon the Western Ocean or Sea-lettuce and Phasganium at the bottome of our Seas make good the like qualities Why Fenny waters afford the hottest and sweetest plants as Calamus Cyper●s and Crowfoot and mudd cast out of ditches most naturally produceth Arsmart Why plants so greedy of water so little regard oyl Why since many seeds contain much oyle within them they endure it not well without either in their growth or production Why since Seeds shoot commonly under ground and out of the ayre those which are let fall in shallow glasses upon the surface of the water will sooner sprout then those at the bottome And if the water be covered with oyle those at the bottome will hardly sprout at all we have not room to conjecture Whether Ivy would not lesse offend the Trees in this clean ordination and well kept paths might perhaps deserve the question But this were a quaery only unto some habitations and little concerning Cyrus or the Babylonian territory wherein by no industry Harpalus could make Ivy grow And Alexander hardly found it about those parts to imitate the pomp of Bacchus And though in these Northern Regions we are too much acquainted with one Ivy we know too little of another whereby we apprehend not the expressions of Antiquity the Splenetick medicine of Galen and the Emphasis of the Poet in the beauty of the white Ivy. The like concerning the growth of Misseltoe which dependeth not only of the species or kinde of Tree but much also of the Soil And therefore common in some places not readily found in others frequent in France not so common in Spain and scarce at all in the Territory of Ferrara Nor easily to be found where it is most required upon Oaks lesse on Trees continually verdant Athough in some places the Olive escapeth it not requiting its detriment in the delightfull view of its red Berries as Clusius observed in Spain and Bellonius about Hierusalem But this Parasiticall plant suffers nothing to grow upon it by any way of art nor could we ever make it grow where nature had not planted it as we have in vain attempted by inocculation and incision upon its native or forreign stock And though there seem nothing improbable in the seed it hath not succeeded by sation in any manner of ground wherein we had no reason to despair since we reade of vegetable horns and how Rams horns will root about Goa But besides these rurall commodities it cannot be meanly delectable in the variety of Figures which these orders open and closed do make Whilest every inclosure makes a Rhombus the figures obliquely taken a Rhomboides the intervals bounded with parallell lines and each intersection built upon a square affording two Triangles or Pyramids vertically conjoyned which in the strict Quincunciall order doe