their Rankes at six foot distance and commanded silence that so euery one may heare the words of Command and to be ready to execute the same c. Front Reare To the right hand double your files BEcause there may be occasion of strengthning the Flankes as also for other purposes these words of Command are vsed To the right hand double your Files which is thus performed All the second file from the right hand march euery one behinde his side-man into the first or right hand File and so the fourth File into the third and the sixt into the fift c. which is done of all at one instant after the command is giuen The order whereof is plainely demonstrated in the Figure marked with 177. In which you may perceiue by the Starres from and to what place each man marcheth The Stars are onely set downe in the first and second Files but you are to vnderstand the same order in the third and fourth Files and so of all the rest c. Files as you were HAuing performed the former Motion the Captaine commands them Files as you were and then all those which doubled returne vnto their owne proper places the which is plainely demonstrated in the Figure marked with 179. by the Starres in the first and second Files the which order you must conceiue in the third and fourth fift and sixt c. To the left hand double your files THis Motion differeth little from that marked with 177. but that here the Motion is to the left hand as there it was to the right hand so that those Files which moued then stand still now and those which stood still then moue now all which is so plainly demonstrated by the Starres in the figure marked with 181. that it needs no further explanation Files as you were THe former Motion orderly performed the Captaine commands Files as you were and then those which doubled returne into their proper places according as you may plainely vnderstand by the figure pag 183. in which the Starres demonstrate both from what place they come and whither they march HAuing performed the doubling of Files in all points and orders demonstrated in my figures before this which was done with the shot in the right hand flanke of the pikes hereafter followeth the exercise in the very same forme and station of the Company where with I began the exercise of training the which Musketiers are diuided and placed in both the flankes of the pikes according to the figure in the next side pag. 185. Halfe Files to the right hand double your Ranckes IN the figure pag. 166. was shewed one way how that vpon occasion the Front might be strengthned here is another forme of strengthning the same which requireth two demonstrations or Figures for explanation In the first marked with D. is shewed the manner of acting this Motion and in the second marked with E. is demonstrated the action performed wherein you may perceiue how the sixt Rancke or as some improperly call them middle men doubleth the first Rancke the seuenth the second Rancke the eight the third Rancke the ninth the fourth Rancke and the tenth the fift Rancke Note that in performing this motion the halfe files of Pikes that doubled aduance their Pikes till they haue doubled and then order them D E Halfe Files as you were WHen they haue performed the former Motion according to the direction the Captaine commands Halfe Files as you were and then the halfe Files aduance their Pikes and fall backe with their right legge and so march into their proper places and then they are againe ten deepe at six foote distance according to the demonstration pag. 189. Note that in turning into their places euery one ought to turne to the right hand which is both easier and more pleasing to the eye then turning to the left hand Halfe Files to the left hand double your Ranckes THis Motion differeth nothing in effect from that before demonstrated in the 187. Figure the difference onely is that here the halfe Files which moue march vp to the left hand of the halfe Files that stand whereas according to those Figures they marched vp to the right hand of them The Figures marked pag. 191. make this very plaine Halfe Files as you were HAuing performed the former Motion the Captaine commands Halfe Files as you were and then the Halfe Files which doubled aduance their Pikes and fall backe with their right leg to be cleare of their Side-men and so march into their proper places turning into the same towards the left hand which done they will be in the forme marked with 193. Files to the Right hand Countermarch WHen a charge is expected in the Reare and it being thought conuenient to haue the Leaders of files to be in the places of the bringers vp because they are men best able to receiue the enemie it may be performed in this manner The Captaine commands Files to the right hand Counter-march and then the Leaders of Files aduancing with their right legge turne to the right hand and march downe towards the Reare all the body of the company mouing together and so the second rancke turning as the Front or Leaders of the files did when they haue marched vp to the place where the front was and so doth the third fourth and fift rankes c. The manner whereof is plainely demonstrated in the figure marked with B. and the figure marked with C. sheweth the motion performed B C Files to the left hand Counter-march THis Motion differeth nothing in vse from the former the difference of acting it is onely that there they aduance with the right legge and turne to the right hand and here they aduance with the left legge and turne to the left hand The manner of doing this is demonstrated in the next page marked with G. And the thing done in that marked with H. And therefore needs no further explanation G H The Postures of the Pike HAndle your Pike Aduance your Pike Shoulder your Pike To the right hand charge As you were To the left hand charge As you were To the Front charge As you were To the Reare charge As you were Aduance your Pike Porte your Pike Comport your Pike Traile your Pike Cheeke your Pike Aduance your Pike To your funerall posture traile your Pike Recouer your Pike Order your Pike Your open order at foote Your close order at foote To the Front charge To the right hand charge To the right hand charge To the right hand charge To the right hand charge Order your Pike Aduance your Pike Lay downe your Pike Take vp your Pike Shoulder your Pike Slope your Pike Leuell your Pike Traile your Pike Recouer your Pike Charge your Pike and aduance your ground Retreat charging Aduance your Pike Lay downe your Pike The Postures of the Musket HAndle your Musket Lay downe your Musket Lay downe your bandeleers Hold your Rest in your left hand Take vp your bandeleers with
THE ART OF VVAR AND ENGLANDS TRAYNINGS PLAINELY Demonstrating the dutie of a priuate SOVLDIER with the Office of each seuerall Officer belonging to a Foot-company and the Martiall lawes of the field As ALSO The office and charge belonging to the command of a Colonell the Exercise of trayning or drilling With diuers other necessary and profitable disciplined NOTES and Obseruations BY EDW. DAVIES Gentleman LONDON Printed by EDWARD GRIFFIN dwelling in the Little-Olde-Baily neere the signe of the Kings-head 1619. TO THE HIGH AND MIGHTY CHARLES ONELY SONNE OF HIS MAIESTY Prince of WALES Duke of CORNEWALL YORKE ALBANIE and ROTHSAY Marquise of ORMONT Earle of CHESTER and ROSS Lord of ADMANOCH and Knight of the most noble Order of the GARTER THE ample and deserued commendation which Fame hath blazed ouer all this Kingdom and more and more shall to your eternall memory of the ardent zeale that your Highnesse hath vnto Military Discipline and the vertuously disposed and of your encouragement of them hath amongst many hearts truely deuoted to your Highnesse in all submissiue humilitie incensed and animated mine though most vnworthy to present offer and dedicate vnto your Highnesse this rude and vnpolished Pamphlet treating and demonstrating the path-way to the youths and the many vnexpert traine-men of this Kingdome to lead them to the marke which is to become perfit and absolute Souldiers Who hauing reaped a large haruest of peace vnder the most peacefull Monarch in Europe your most renowmed Father are very raw and altogether ignorant in most points of Militarie Exercise My long continuance in the warres hath by experience gathered that it is very necessarie and requisite in the Summer of Peace to forecast and prouide against the Winter of Warres Mars hath long time slumbered and as Iosua commanded the Sunne to stand firme so our Royall Iosua our Soueraigne King IAMES whom God protect from outward and domesticall inuasions with his glorious beames appearing and entring the Confines of this Kingdome hath dispersed the clouds as well of forreine as home-bred broyles and dissentions and established our peace like Mount Sion Yet tho Mars be fettered I hold it vnder your Highnesse correction both conuenient and agreable with the policie of other Nations that this Common-weale be euer in a readinesse to preuent accidentall and ensuing dangers least wallowing too long in the cradle of Securitie and Mars on a suddaine awaking and sounding in our eares vnexpected Alarmes it buy Repentance at too deare a rate And to register the same in the Tablets of my Country-mens hearts and for their good I haue compiled and collected the obseruations and directions in this Booke following the which I humbly desire may be respected by your Highnesse not according to the merit of the action or matter it selfe but according to the intent and affection of the Agent and Dedicator and that your Highnesse will imitate herein that great Patron and Patterne of humilitie who made more account of the poore widowes mite than of the superfluitie and abundant treasure of the rich And thus with my vncessant prayers to the Almighty the Lord of Hostes that your Highnesse may daily more and more grow in the fauour of God and Men and in the practise of all vertuous pious and valorous actions to the aduancement of Religion the vanquishing of your enemies and the good of this Common-wealth crauing pardon for my boldness I humbly take my leaue and euer rest with my best endeuors At your Highnesse seruice and commandment Edward Dauies To the READER THe exercise of training hath beene much neglected and chiefly in the Marches of Wales till now of late that it hath pleased God and the Kings grace to send vs that thrice worthy Earle of North-hampton Lord President established in the principality of his Maiesties Councell in the Marches of Wales c. For it hath pleased his Excellencie in times conuenient to call together the Traine-men and his Lordship was honourably and dutifully entertained and conueied from Shire to Shire by his Lordships Lieutenants of the Shire and also all the Knights and best Gentlemen in the Countrey The Military men being assembled together it pleased his Lordship to take great paines in ordering directing and exercising both Horse and Foote most brauely to behold and his Lordshippe taking speciall view both of Horse and Foote where his Lordship apprehending debilitie and error to be committed amongst them his Lordship giueth the Captaines a streight charge by no meanes not to neglect their exercise of training vnder paine c. Likewise to make it more apparant to the view of the world of his Lo affection towards the exercise of Marciall discipline his Lo hath now of late called together not only his Lo owne Gentlemen but also all the Clarkes belonging to the Councell in the Marches of Wales and his Lordship being well prouided of an able Leader which is one of his Lo Gentlemen who in times conuenient doth exercise the said Company Moreouer I ought not to omit to relate his Honours due commendations as also his speciall care of the KINGS Maiesties seruice to maintaine not onely all Martiall discipline but also to lead his Ho Successors to the marke of an honourable subiect and to performe the same his Lordship is alwaies prouided of 18. goodly and braue young Horses the which are daily trained in all points of warre at Luddlow Castle-yard by one of his Gent of the Horse who is an expert and sufficient Rider c. Also it is my part to say somewhat herein of the worthy Rulers and Gouernours of the Low-countries the schoole of Warre his Excellencie Graue Mauris hath inuented and set out diuers Postures belonging to the orders both of Pike and Musket very necessary and profitable for the exercise of armes the which are maintained and practised by the thrice worthy Commanders Coronell Cissell and Coronell Veare and is directly followed by all other valiant Leaders the which Postures and Orders are practised in the Artillery-yard and also in the Military-yard by worthy Captaines well experienced in the Martiall discipline and also they are well prouided of sufficient Officers There came a little Pamphlet to my hands wherin I found and made vse of certaine Orders of the exercising Muskettieres The said booke was dedicated vnto that worthy Commander Coronell CISSELL who did much practise the said Orders Viz. also that the said volume was set out by that worthy Leader Captaine WAIMOVTH who is worthy of great commendations for his good worke The Contents of the first Booke Chap. 1 WHat is required and necessarie to be obserued in a priuate Souldier Fol. 1. Chap. 2 The office which appertaines to a Corporall Cape de Squadre Disnier or chiefe of Chamber fol. 32. Chap. 3 Six points appertaining to Souldiers of all sorts fol. 41. Chap. 4 How a Souldier may maintaine obedience and keepe himselfe in the fauour and good grace of his Captaine fol. 44. Chap. 5 Martiall and military lawes
that very often being set vpon the Sentinels and corps de gard be repulsed and haue their throates cut to the great disturbance and vniuersall domage of the whole Campe. He must ordaine his watch in such a place that in the same at all times he may remaine warie and vigilant placing himselfe in the most high and eminent seate of all the corps de gard to the intent that hee may know and discerne in due time euery particular accident that shall happen or succeede and thereof immediately aduertise his Captaine of all that he may prouide remedy with speed according as the case requires warily and secretly euen at the closing of the night vntill the bright spring of the Diana and faire day-light he must ordaine and place Sentinels and often search and visite them with the aide of two of the Captaines Gentlemen of his company called of the Italians Lanze Spezzate or might be tearmed more aptly extraordinarie Lieutenants that he may alwaies remaine vigilant and assured to the intent he be not assailed vnprouided to his great domage and before he can giue warning of the enemie to the campe which doth rest and lie in safetie in that quarter where he is vnder his charge care and diligence In such cases he ought therefore to imploy the best men he hath that hee neuer rest deceiued in a matter of so great importance since that of those which be but meane Souldiers or as I may well tearme them negligent persons nothing else is to be looked for at their hands but error losse and danger Moreouer he must at the least cause the third part of his squadron to remaine and stand continually armed at all points both night and day consisting of greater or lesse quantity of people according as the suspition doth argue the neede of them to be small or great the Hargabusiers hauing their flaskes and furniture tied to their girdles and their peeces ready charged that vpon a suddaine they may contend by skirmish according to needfull occasion and readily resist the enemie without slacking or any remission of time vntill all the squadron be put in order He must be very circumspect that the rest of the souldiers weapons and principally his owne be laid vp and placed in such order one kinde being diuided from another that in one instant they may be speedily and readily armed the which he must daily put in practise and inure them withall by fained alarmes by speciall commandement and of set purpose which be most necessarie to be practised before hand for diuers honourable and important respects worthy to be had in good consideration Therefore let him haue and carie a continuall care that their armes neuer remaine in any confused order the which if he should suffer he should find no doubt to be a great want but the same may be preuented and made easie by accommodating the Hargabusiers in rancke one by one vpon a boord or banke the Pikes and Corslets in order reared and hanged vpon some wall or other apt place in the corps de gard and vpon each particular weapon and peece euery souldier should haue a proper and speciall marke before hand made whereby to know the same He ought daily to instruct his squadron euery one apart how to handle the weapon wherewith they serue the Hargabusier to charge and discharge nimbly the Pikeman to tosse his pike with great dexteritie Sentinels ought with great reason to be placed about the corps of gard to the intent the same may be defended and kept with more safety and securitie Hee himselfe at the closing of the night must place the first Sentinell and so consequently the rest instructing them orderly what manner they haue to obserue and how they ought to gouerne themselues in such accidents as might insue who are to remaine in Sentinell in winter and cold weather but one houre or two at the most but in sommer two or three houres before they be changed for which respect that euery one may be taxed with aequity let him first make a iust diuision of his number according to the number of the houres in the night and following that proportion let him see the same performed without fauouring or omitting any the which hee may the more certainely performe if the names of his Souldiers be written in a roll and when the houre glasse hath runne their time which is necessarie for him to haue in his corps de gard then to pricke their names and place new in their roomes so shall each Souldier be partaker of the trauaile and rest maruellously well satisfied But for that in wars canuisados surprises sallies such like casualties and aduertisements be infinite I will leaue the rest to his owne vigilant discretion and suppose it needlesse to aduertise him of euery particular point more then that I haue and will touch in this my first booke of Militarie directions as cases most proper for priuate Souldiers I therefore at this present thinke it sufficient for a Corporall to know that it is necessarie he should so dispose the matter through his prouident prouision that all his people may be reduced into order and already haue taken their weapons in their hands before the enemie giue charge vpon them And therefore in time and place of suspition and danger he must place lost Sentinels without the watch-word a good distance off from the corps de gard in places most suspect But in other places not needfull so much to be suspected and that be neerer him he ought to set Sentinels with the watch-word so farre one from an other as it shall seeme vnto him reasonable or requisite and that they may inuiron the ground one within the sight of an other or so that the enemy cannot enter or any espion issue without their knowledge If great occasion so demaund let him place together one Hargabusier and one armed Pike to the intent that the one may keepe the enemie farre off and in a certaine sort sustaine his fury at the point of his pike whilst the Hargabusier with the discharge of his peece giues Arme to the corps de gard and campe which exploit may be the better performed if a corporall-shippe of Pikemen bee ioyned together with an other of shot Sometimes without making any noyse or rumour Arme is giuen to the campe for one of the two Sentinels may retire and make relation to the Corporall what hath appeared been since heard or happened whereby he may speedily with great silence giue Arme to the gard without leauing the place of the Sentinell disarmed which they ought neuer to abandon but at such times as the enemie is manifestly discouered the occasion of the alarme being certaine at which time being retired they must vnite themselues together with the souldiers of the gard that they may all wholy in one company execute that which shall fall out best for their purpose which is to retire fighting or skirmishing to the campe according to ordinarie
that all Pikes of the same company ought to be of one length otherwise if they disagree they will be vncomely and seeme to the beholders like vnto Organ-pipes which be of different lengths Moreouer they are very vnprofitable for seruice for they will greatly trouble each other and especially the huge and long pikes and therefore are to be refused Likewise a short pike is not good in a maine square neither in campe or battell except it be in strait and narrow places Secondly for the ordering and arming of a Musketeere IT is conuenient that the barrell or canon of his peece be in length foure foote at the least cleane and sound with a straight and right bore hauing a close stocke and well ioyned thereunto of a right Spanish making Then that the cocke of his peece be swift and well oyled bearing a true deliuerance to the middest of the pan the touch-hole neither too great or too narrow the pan close the eye-sight true and then hauing a strong breech-peece looke that all these instruments be well scrued and especially the breech-peece A charging rod or sticke of a meete length to the barrell of the peece the same to haue a worme or a scowrer at the one end the other end thereof tipped with a horne Then fore-see that he haue a Bandeleere with 16 or 18 chargers or mates at the least hanged thereunto with strong laces with a priming charger or mate and also a bullet bag and priming wyre then a Rest of a fit size and length breast or chin high with a trayle lace fastned thereat togither with a head-peece or murren and sword in all points prouided as is aforesaid CHAP. II. The Office of the Muster-Master both necessarie and profitable when a Prince or his Generall haue diuers Regiments of seuerall Nations vnder pay THe Muster-Master also may be accounted an Officer as it were dependant on the Treasurer for that his dutie is nothing else but by often reviewing of the bands to see how euery Captaines band is furnished according to my former directions for the arming both pike and musket noting the defaults from time to time and the supplies and thereof to make a perfect booke exhibiting the same at the pay day to the Treasurer that allowance may be made to the Colonels and Captaines accordingly When he first takes the view and muster of any band he must not onely write downe the name of the soldier and his weapon but also of what Country he is the townes name where he was borne and his fathers name and what yeeres he is of and finally shall take speciall care to set downe some speciall marke or cicatrice vpon his face togither with the colour of his haire and beard to the intent his Prince be not charged with paying of dead payes to such as be hyred but for that day as many Captaines vse to fill their purses with vnlawfull gaines CHAP. III. A Rule to set Souldiers in aray THe Footmen being assembled at the place where they are to be set in aray First you must foresee that the ground be fit and capable for the purpose that the aray may commodiously turne to the right or left hand as much as may be neuerthelesse according to the number of soldiers you haue you are to proceed in this sort as followeth First to wit that all the soldiers of a band of footmen are bound by the law of Armes forthwith and as soone as they shall heare the Drum beat a Call to repaire to the Colours vnder paine c. except that sicknes be the cause thereof or that hauing a licence or forelofe they may thereby excuse themselues But to returne you are to begin in this order following First you are to draw the pikes by themselues on the one side togither with the Ensigne and vpon the other side all the musketiers somewhat aloofe distant from the pikes beginning to make the musketiers march so many in a ranke as you list parting them neuerthelesse according to their number you may put them from 3 to 12 in a ranke for it is not often seene that more than 11 is put in a ranke how great soeuer the number of the footmen be neither in troth ought they to be any more than 11 in a ranke for when they passe 11 or 12 they are not to be accounted an array but rather a battaile I haue omitted to write herein of the placing of my officers belonging to a company of footmen you shall finde it plainely set downe in the march and at the beginning of the exercise of training so to returne hauing then placed the number of musketiers you shall thinke good of to be in a ranke you shall cause them to march in good proportion sending forth one ranke after an other the Sargeant standing still on the one side causing them to passe before him iudging by the eye-sight from Ranke to Ranke of all the soldiers one by one whether they be right in line obseruing true distance and also that they carry their Armes in warlike order for this is the beauty of an aray Moreouer the Sargeant hauing speciall respect to accommodate and place at the head of the array the Gentlemen of the company and also the Corporals which carry muskets placing next vnto them the best men and the best furnished soldiers and placing also at the Reare of the battell your best men and the rest of your best armed to the intent the aray may shew the better forasmuch as when they are diuided into aray the musketiers from the pikemen and that they turne their faces then the backe part or Reare is made the front therefore the Reare ought to be as well furnished as the front as I haue said before in the dutie of a Sargeant the which if you desire to doe it is necessarie you put in the midst of the Rankes the weakest and worst furnished aduertising the Sargeant that the soldiers are best furnished when they haue all sorts of Armes and furniture that be necessarie for them and there appertaines to a musketier good match fire-cole powder and bullet and moreouer l'assine And this is to be obserued with all speed and diligence that the time or occasion doth carry and the suspition of the enemy doth import Here next is demonstrated the distance obserued betwixt Ranke and Ranke man and man both in marching and also in maine battaile FIrst both pikes and muskets are to be ordered into files of 10 deepe the musketiers in marching are sometimes placed in the front sometimes in the front and sometimes in the Reare of the pikes but most commonly being in single aray they are to march both in the Front and Reare In maine battell the soldiers are placed sometimes in the right flanke sometimes in both the flankes and sometimes it will be commanded that they be brought in the Front of the battaile and also in the Reare In exercising the motions there are two distances to be kept
The first is when euery one is distant from his fellow 6 foote square that is in File and Ranke 6 foote The second is when euery soldier is 3 foote distant one from another as well in File as in Ranke And in respect the measure of such distances cannot alwaies be taken euenly by the racke of the eye the distance of 6 foote betweene the files is measured when the soldiers stretching out their armes doe touch one anothers hands and betwixt the Rankes when that the ends of their pikes come very neere to the hams of them that march before them And the distance of 3 foot betwixt the Files is when their elbowes touch one another and betwixt their Rankes when they come to touch the ends of one anothers Rapiers or swords In marching in the field the distance of 3 foote from File to File is kept and of 6 foote from Ranke to Ranke when the soldiers order themselues in battell and also when they march towards the enemie the distance of 3 foote both in File and Ranke is to be obserued And likewise in conuersion or wheeling The musketiers making ready to shoote by rankes keepe the same distance of 3 foote but going to skirmish they goe a la disabande that is out of order There is also vsed another order of distance which is seldome obserued but for to receiue the enemie with a firme stand and serueth for the pikes onely for the musketiers cannot stand so close in files because they must haue their armes at liberty and that is when euery distance from file to file is a foote and a halfe and 3 foote from Ranke to Ranke and this last distance is thus commanded Close your selues throughly But it is not to be taught the soldiers for that when necessitie shall require it they will close themselues too much of their owne accord without command How Pikes are to be raised vp and abased in closing and opening of a battaile I Will not omit to put in memorie vnto them that know not of the particulars of those things and order that are required in making a battell of footmen Therefore those which would make a battell of footmen must be aduertised that in shutting vp the said battell the ranks of pikes as well armed as vnarmed must not raise vp confusedly but with order that is when the Sargeant maior Captaine or Lieutenant shall say Raise or right vp your Pikes then it is requisite that the first and formost Ranke must begin to raise vp it selfe and that the second doe not moue to raise vp it selfe till the first be raised vp and so the third and fourth the same order is to be obserued in all the other Rankes from one Ranke to an other The like Rule is to be obserued by them in laying downe of their pikes vpon their shoulders for so much as Ranke by Ranke in order and without confusion they ought to let fall their pikes appointing the first Ranke to fall after the second the third after the fourth and so is all the rest of the Rankes to follow the same order till the hindermost Ranke of all And by obseruing that order they cannot commit disorder but rather make a gallant shew and preuent many confusions How Pikes are to be carried in aray march or battell with also other necessarie notes THose that are appointed to carry pikes in array of Rankes or battell must know that pikes amongst all other weapons that belong to soldiers is of greatest honor and credit And truely whosoeuer doth carry and manage the same weapon well and with good grace doth make a very beautifull and pleasant shew to the beholders and chiefly when it is caried with a good grace as I haue said before and with il combedo alto And as touching the obseruation of shouldring of pikes to wit that there is a new order obserued in the Low Countries now of late the Commanders there will haue the pikes to be carried vpon the right shoulder and not to remoue or change to the left shoulder at all Note also that the Pike-man doe march then with a good grace holding vp his head gallantly his pace full of grauitie and estate and such as is fit for his person And let his body be straight and as much vpright as is possible And that which most imports is that they haue alwaies their eyes vpon their companions which are in ranke with them and before them going iust one with the other and keeping perfit distance without committing error in the least pace or step and euery pace and motion with one accord and consent they ought to make at one instant time And in this sort all the rankes intirely are to march sometimes softly sometimes fast according to the strokes of the drumme the heele and the tippe of their pikes would be equally holden both of length and height as neere as is possible to auoid that they fall not out to be seeme by bearing them otherwise like vnto Organ-pipes some long some short The measure and propertie thereof to hold the heele of the pike is this it is necessarie for him to haue an eie to the ranke that doth march before him and so carrie the Butt-end or heele of his pike that it may be iust ouer against the ioynt of the hamme of the souldier that in march shall be straight before him And so euery one from hand to hand must obserue the proportion of that height And that is right behind vpon the ioynt of the knee for by doing so they cannot commit errour carying in their march that legge that is vnder that arme that sustaines and caries the Pike of iust and euen proportion by mouing their pace right-vnder the staffe of the pike going in their march as I haue said before iust and euen with a stately and sumptuous pace for by doing so they shall be esteemed honoured and commended of all the Lookers on and they will take wonderfull delight to behold them march in that order And whereas I haue said before that the Souldiers should march forward with one consent I meane not onely that the Pike men ought to obserue that order but also that the musketeares are to follow the same rule of order because that the whole company must be ready to march forward at one instant time obseruing the true strokes or battery of the drumme which actiue obseruation may well be compared to a Dancer for the one by hearing his musicke is prepared to tread the measure answerable to the time And the other by hearing the warlike and comfortable stroke of the drum is ready to aduance his pace and march forward The Officer is to pace towards his people so to giue the word and so to lead march and also obseruing the strokes of the drum the first ranke being the file leaders it to follow their Leader The second ranke euery one to follow his pile-leader also The third fourth and fift rankes and so the
Pikes Bringers vp Leaders Second diuision of Pikes Bringers vp Leaders Second diuision of Muskets Bringers vp AFter that the company hath marched in such order as aforesaid in the former figure then the first diuisiō of shot when they are come to the place where they should exercise traine or drill makes a stand and the first diuision of the pikes marcheth vp to the front with them on the left hand Then the second diuision of the pikes marcheth vp to the front with the first diuision of pikes on the left hand of them also lastly the second diuision of musketiers marcheth vp on the left hand of the second diuision of pikes which done they are commanded to stand right in their files and right in their rankes at 6 foote distance and commanded silence that euery one may heare the words of command and be ready to execute the same The figure on the other side pag. 149 sheweth the forme and station of the company all things performed as aforesaid note the distance is reckoned from the middle part of a man Front left flanke 〈…〉 Reare To the right hand The Company standing right in their files and rankes at six foote distance as in the figure before vnto which the Captaine hath an eye in the front and the Lieutenant in the Reare and the Sargeants in the flanks the Sargeants hauing an eare to the Captaine are ready to informe the company what he commands then the Captaine commands them to turne to the right hand and then they moue all togither keeping their left foote fixed and mouing with the right foote onely and hauing performed it the front is where the right hand flanke was as in the figure pag. 151 is plainely demonstrated Note that in or at their facing to any quarter the pikes are to auoide wearinesse ordered and the muskets shouldred for ease and fitnesse The reason of this motion is to make the company perfect to be sodainely prepared for a charge in the right hand flanke or wing As you were HAuing stood a while according to the forme in the former figure the Captaine commands As you were and then they moue all towards the left hand till their faces are turned to the first Front according to the demonstration pag. 153. To the left hand BEcause the enemie may sometimes charge on the left hand flanke therfore that you may sodainely be ready to defend your selues and for diuers other reasons this motion is vsed to turne to the left hand which is done by mouing the right foot the left foot standing still till your faces front towards the left hand flanke according to the demonstration pag. 155. As you were THen hauing performed the aforesaid motion the Captaine Commands As you were and then they moue all towards the right hand till they are turned to the first Front according to the demonstration pag. 157. To the right hand about BEcause there may be a charge giuen in the Reare therefore is this Motion to be practised to turne towards the right hand the left foote remaining fixed till your faces front to that Quarter which was before the Reare and then will they be ready to receiue the Enemie and defend themselues this forme is demonstrated in the next side marked with the number of 159. To the left hand as you were HAuing performed the former Motion the Captaine commands them To the left hand as you were and then they moue all towards the left hand the left foot remaining fixed vntill their faces are turned to the former front according to that of pag. 161. To the left hand about BEcause it is sometimes more conuenient to turne to the left hand then to the right therefore this Motion is also vsed which is to turne towards the left hand till their faces front to the Reare according to the figure in the pag. 163. To the right hand as you were HAuing performed the former Motion the Captaine cōmands them To the right hand as you were and then they turne all towards the right hand vntill their faces are towards the first Front as in the figure pag. 165. To the right hand double your Ranckes BEcause there will be an occasion sometimes to strengthen the Front it may one way be done thus when all in the second Rancke march vp into the first Rancke to the right or left hand according to the command as here to the right hand and all in the fourth Rancke march vp into the third and so of the rest as in the Example or Figure pag. 167. Where you may perceiue by the letters marked with a Starre that the motion is to the right hand and the Starres in the second fourth sixt eighth and tenth Ranckes shew the places from whence they moued and the figures in the lest flank demonstrating the number of your Ranckes which did moue being ten Ranckes as you may perceiue thereby Ranckes as you were HAuing performed the former motion the Captaine commands Ranckes as you were and then euery one marcheth into his owne place all at one instant and so are againe like the forme in the figure pag. 169. To the left hand double your Ranckes THis Motion differeth nothing in effect from that pag. 167. but that there those that doubled did it to the right hand of their Leaders and here they do it to the left hand which is plaine by the Starres in the Figure pag. 171. Ranckes as you were THe former motion performed the Captaine commands Ranckes as you were and then euery one that doubled marcheth into his owne place or Rancke and so are in forme againe according to the figure pag. 173. BEcause that there was an odde file of musketeares in either flanke and wing of my former figures and being desirous to make the double files perfit without intermixing the pikes with the shot I was forced therefore to change the forme of the Company and to place all the Musketeares in the Right hand flanke of the Pikes according to the demonstration in the other side marked with the number of 175. Note then to alter the forme of the former station and to bring the Company into the forme set downe in the other side as I said before you are to doe as followeth First you are to lead forth the Right wing of shot then the first diuision of Pikes which be in the right hand flanke of the second diuision of pikes and march with them to stand iust against the first diuision of musketeares on the left hand of them leauing a space to place the second diuision of shot betweene them both then you are to march vp with the second diuision of Pikes to stand on the left hand of the first diuision of Pikes Lastly the second diuision of Musketeares marcheth vp to stand on the left hand of the first diuision of Musketeares which will be on the right hand of the first diuision of Pikes which done they are commanded to stand right in their Files and right in
your right hand Put on your bandeleers Take vp your Musket Bring your Rest to your Musket Open your pann Prime your pann Shut your pann Cast off your loose powder Beare ouer your Musket into your left hand Traile your Rest Charge your Musket Draw forth your skowring stick Short your scowring flick against your right side Ram downe your powder Draw forth your skowring stick Short your skowring sticke Returne your skowring sticke Bring forward your Musket into your right hand Recouer your Rest Poyse your Musket Bring your Rest to the right side of your Musket Beare your Rest and Musket in your left hand Draw your match Blow your match Cock your match Try your match Guard your pann Blow your match Present to the Front Giue fire Take downe your Musket Vncock your match Returne your match Blow your pann Prime your pann Shut your pann Shoulder your Musket carrying your Rest in your left hand Slope your Musket Vnshoulder your Musket Rest your Musket Stand to your saluting Posture Lay downe your Musket The first order of exercising Musketiers FIrst vnderstand that they are three foote in File and three foote in Rancke hauing a diuision in the middest of six foote then the Captaine bids the two first Ranckes Make ready and marcheth with them some fiue or six paces before the rest of the Company and bids the first Rancke Giue fire which it doth and then marcheth away turning to the right hand the one halfe marching by the right hand Flancke and the other halfe through the middest of the body and so fall euery one into his owne File in the Reare and then the Captaine commands the second Rancke to giue fire which performes all as aforesaid and then two Ranckes more aduance in the former order and so they may continue discharging with ten Ranckes a long time The Demonstration pag. 201. makes this very plaine to which I refer you for speculation This order is of great vse to winne ground vpon an enemie The second Order of Exercising Musketiers IN the former Demonstration was shewed an Order of winning ground vpon an enemy in this the contrary of loosing ground or retraiting is shewed and yet to offend the enemy The distances and diuision being obserued as in the former Figure the Captaine in the Reare commands To the right hand about and giue fire and then the Rancke in the Reare performes the same and presently after they march into the Front euery man into his owne File the one halfe march on the left hand File and the other halfe through the middest of the body Then the Captaine commands againe To the right hand about and giue fire which the Rancke then in the Reare performes as aforesaid and so forth infinitely all which in the Demonstration pag. 203. is made plaine and easie The thrid Order of exercising Musketiers THe whole Company being three foote distant in Files and Ranckes without any diuision as aforesaid the Captaine marching in the Front commands Right Flanck to the right hand giue fire then the right hand File turneth towards the right hand and performes the same and the rest of the body continues marching till they be cleare of that File which gaue fire and then the Captaine commands againe as before which the then right File performes the rest of the body marching and so in like manner till all the Files haue discharged The order hereof is demonstrated pag. 205. If there be occasion to discharge on the left hand Flancke the same order is to be obserued as on the right hand Flancke Note that when the second File hath discharged that then the first File marcheth vp to Front with it and both those with the third File when it hath discharged and so forth till all front with the last File and then they are ready to discharge againe if occasion require The fourth Order of Exercising Muskettieres THis fourth way in vse is all one with the third order the difference is onely in the manner of performing the same for according to this order the depth of the Company is diuided by making the fift and sixt Ranckes sixe foote distance each from other The Captaine marching in the Front commands Right Flancke to the right hand and giue fire which the right File doth and then halfe thereof march through the Diuision and the other halfe in the Reare and so march on the left hand of the left hand Flancke euery man into his owne Rancke the order whereof is plainly demonstrated in the Figure marked pag. 207. The fift Order of Exercising Muskettieres THis Order is another kinde of loosing ground the Captaine in the Front commands Make ready altogether and then saith to the first Rancke giue fire which done the one halfe of that Rancke marcheth downe into the Reare on the right hand of the right hand Flancke and the other halfe through the midst of the body which for that end is diuided euery man falling into his owne File Then the Captaine saith likewise to the second Rancke Giue fire which it doth and fals into the Reare as the first did and so the third fourth fift c. The manner whereof is demonstrated in the Figure marked with 209. Note that here the whole body stands still and are onely in motion by particular Ranckes when they haue discharged till they come againe into their proper Files in the Reare and then stand still againe till they haue redischarged Close your Files both waies at a foote and halfe IF a charge of Horse be expected then the foote are to be in the closest order which is one foote and a halfe in Rancke and three foote in File The words of command for closing Files are diuers as Close your Files to the right hand or Close your Files to the left hand or Close your Files both waies the last whereof is most commonly vsed and therefore I haue demonstrated that order as you may perceiue in the Figure marked pag. 211. Note also that because I desired to obserue the distances precisely in all the Figures that therefore the Printer was forced to change the Letters in this and some other Figures and in steed of M. for Muskettiere hath placed S. for Shot which I thought good to giue notice of for thy better vnderstanding Close your Ranckes at three foote THe Files being closed at a foote and halfe demonstrated in the Figure marked in pag. 211 the Captaine then commands Close your Ranckes at three foote or at Swords point which is the closest order for Ranckes the which is plainly demonstrated in the Figure marked in pag. 213. To the right hand wheele VPon occasion of the Enemies charge on the right hand Flancke to receiue him with the most able men which are vsually in the Front it may be performed by commanding them To the right hand wheele and then the Leader of the right hand File standeth fixed onely turning his body and all the rest moue vpon him as the centre according to the Demonstration pag. 215. Note that the Officers must be very carefull to command and see them to keepe their distances in Rancke and File without which this Motion will not bee gracefully acted To the left hand wheele THis Motion differeth from the former pag. 215 only in this that here the Leader of the left hand File standeth fixed as there the Leader of the right hand File did which by the forme of the Demonstration marked with A. you may easily vnderstand THere is another way which I haue seene Graue Maurice his guard to wheele viz. to moue vpon the middle of the Front and then if they wheele to the right hand All to the right hand of the middle of the Front go backwards and the rest forward and if they wheele to the left hand then all to the left hand of the middle of the Front goe backwards and the rest forwards All which is most plainely vnderstood by obseruing the Demonstration marked with B. In which and the two former Figures is a Starre placed neere the centre on which the Company moues A B Open your Ranckes backwards TO open the Ranckes vnderstand that the Front or first Rancke standeth still and the other nine Rancks fall backwards altogither till the second Rancke be six foote distant from the Front and then it stands still and the rest of the body moues till the third Rancke be six foote distant from the second Rancke and so till the fourth Rancke be distant six foote from the third and all the rest of the Ranckes in order The manner whereof I haue demonstrated in the Figure marked M. and the thing done in the Figure marked N. M N Open your Files both wayes IN opening the Files halfe the body moues towards the right hand and the other halfe towards the left hand in grosse and then the two middle-most Files when they are 6 foote distant stand still the rest of the body continues mouing both wayes till the next two Files are distant six foote from the former which stood still and so the Motion continues in this order till all the Files haue taken their distance of six foote each from other The manner whereof is demonstrated in the Figure marked with E. and the thing done in the Figure marked with F. Thus much for the manner of exercising footemen fully performed after the right order and moderne vse of Theoricke Rules accustomed in these dayes Now lastly you are to lead forth your souldiers by fiue and fiue in Rancke in like order as is set downe in the Figure of the order how a Company should march Note that the Captaine marching out of the field most commonly doth march in the Reare of his Company and his Lieutenant in the Front the rest of the Officers are to march in like order as is demonstrated in the order of march except you do troope out of the Field for then you are to alter c. howsoeuer you are to conduct the Colours to the place where they are to be laid vp where hauing made a guard the Captaine and his Officers repairing to the Colours being within the said guard and towards the Front he saith to the Drum or Drums Beat vp a discharge which being done with sometimes a volley of shot giuen and the Colours wrapped and folded vp euery man departs to his home c. E F FINIS
rest with one consent I hold it therefore both conuenient and needfull for all men that follow the warres to learne all the warlike sounds that the Drummer beates as the call the march to draw vp maine-battell the charge the retire to troupe to wheele about which is also a charge then and lastly the diana And whereas euery nation doe differ the one from the other in the batterie of their drummes and chiefly in the sound of their march euery nation or Prouince doe also differ in the marke of their colours for that they beare in their colours the proper Armes or Scutchion of the Nation vnder which they doe serue But to returne let a souldier be diligent to learne as I said before the strokes of the drumme And chiefly to vnderstand the vsuall strokes of march which the drumme beat in the regiment wherein he beareth armes he must also take notice of the markes that are vpon the colours especially of the Ensigne which hee serueth vnder the knowledge whereof may serue his turne so well that it may saue his life for by night being in fight with the enemie and being also ignorant of the sound of drumme he may aswell fall into the hands of his enemies as otherwise which may cost him his life Then as touching his Ensigne the souldier being scattered from his company in marching or otherwise in fight and if it be by day-light he may perceiue his owne colours farre off To wit that both drummes and fifes were first inuented by the Switzers wherewith they will euen liue and die in all manner of fight The Almaines also inuented a pipe which is called by them Schalmeyen Some nations when they doe fight a pitched field by reason of the tumult and rumour that will grow amongst the souldiers they haue trumpets to giue the charge which yeeldeth great comfort to the souldiers in regard that they heare the eccho and sound of the trumpets so plaine that in all distresse they doe not onely keep together but also know their charge Therefore in forraine Countries the footmen are as well acquainted in all points of warre which the said trumpets doe vse to sound that they know their charge euen as well as horsemen doe But to returne to the matter aforesaid the Turke when he doth either expect the charge giuen him by his enemies or when he will giue a charge c. it will bee commanded that a Drummer shall ride from ranke to ranke to giue the souldiers notice by a soft sound And as touching marching it is to be vnderstood that some kinde of march is a right induction other some a deduction on the right or left hand and that in single double treble or quadruple sided battell in a single when one enemie is feared in a double when two in a treble when three and in a quadruble when the enemie purposeth to inuade on all sides Therefore the march is vndertaken sometimes in a single challenge and sometimes in a twofold challenge or else in a threefold challenge or in a fourefold challenge The souldiers both Pikemen and Musketeares are to be diuided into companies and euery company is to consist halfe of pikes and halfe of musketeares The companies happen and fall out sometimes to be more in number and sometimes lesse some extend to 100. men some 200. some 300. some 400. and so forth till 800 men or more Euery company ought to haue these Officers following a Captaine a Lieutenant an Ensigne two Sergeants three Corporalls two Drums but by the opinion of many worthy souldiers euery hundreth men ought to haue a Drumme the reason whereof I omit to speake thereof in this place and returne to the matter it will be needfull for a Captaine to haue in his company for necessarie vses a Clarke a Surgeon and a Prouost Companies are drawne into Regiments and the Regiments are euer to be commanded by Coronells Regiments doe sometimes likewise differ in the number of companies some consist of 6. some of 7. some of 8. or 10. some 15. c. In the ordering and managing of euery regiment is to be required a Coronell c. Certaine words to be vsed of the Officers that traine WHen any Officer determines to exercise his companie to traine or drill them hee must cast them into a ring the double or single bissa the Romane S or such like necessarie forme and vse these or the like words as heare followeth My louing friends fellowes and companions in armes we be gathered together for the seruice of God his holy Church our Prince and Countrey and for that none through ignorance shall perish or runne in danger of the Lawes of the Field you shall from time to time by me or other Officers of the Band be instructed by words or deedes in such sort and points as to your calling and the necessitie of seruice shall require the which you must diligently obserue and follow though the same shall seeme vnto you many times both dangerous and painefull also if any of you my fellowes shall finde an occasion conuenient to declare to me or any other Officer his minde and opinion in any thing beneficiall touching seruice wee shall diligently heare and gratifie the party the double value thereof and God willing Equitie and Iustice shall bee ministred also regard that all Souldiers know and obey their Officers in their place according to their calling The first thing of moment in the motion of a Company is how they should orderly march and how their Officers should be rightly placed the which I haue demonstrated in the figure on the other side according as it is practised in the Low-countries the schoole of warre First the Captaine marcheth in the Front and leades the company whose place is marked with C which is six foote distant before the first diuision of muketeares The Lieutenant is to march in the Reare of the second diuision of Musketeares marked with L six foot distant behind the same The Ensigne is to march with the colours six foot behind the first diuision of Musketeares and six foot before the first diuision of pikes marked with the letter E. The eldest Sergeant is to march six foot behind the first diuision of pikes and six foot before the second diuision of pikes marked with S. 1. The second Sergeant is to march six foote behind the second diuision of pikes and six foot before the second diuision of musketeares marked with S. 2. the drummes beate betweene the third and fourth rankes marked with D The chiefest beates in the first diuision of pikes The second in the first diuision of musketeares And the third drumme beates in the second diuision of musketeares The pikes and muskets march six foot in file and three in ranke euery diuision consists of ten rankes and fiue files all which is made plaine in the next figure following The order how a Companie should march Leaders First diuision of Musketieres Bringers vp Leaders First diuision of