Ammunition-wagons of which there were not aboue 100 at most the King having left the rest at Naumburg with no purpose of fighting The King advanced till he came with the end of his Right Wing within Musket shot of a little wood having all the way a full view of the Imperiall Army That Walenstein much over-powred the King in numbers may appeare by the mighty long Front that he put out full 2. English miles from one Wings end to another This is also to be considered Walensteins numbers much more then the Kings that Walensteins and all the old Discipline is to march 10. deepe in File whereas the King was no more but 6. deepe of Foote I meane and of Horse but 3. or 4. deepe according as the Brigades were either stronger or weaker Besides this that Walensteins Files were all the way almost as deepe againe his Ranks also were in Front so much longer The King enforced to lengthen out his Right Wing that the King was faine to send for Bulach and all the Squadrons of Horse from the Right Wing of the Reere or second Front to imp out his Feathers at the end of his Right Wing for feare that Walenstein should surround him These Squadrons when Generall-Major Kniphausen missed out of their places he sent a Gentleman to his Maiesty to know whither he had otherwise employed them The King was at the same time likewise sending the the Duke of Saxon-Lawenburg unto Kniphausen to tell him that he would but use them in that first charge and then returne them backe againe to their Order The Duke meeting with the Gentleman and telling him thus much both then returned to their places The King wondred not a little at it when he saw how faire a Clew Walenstein spread affirming to these about him That if he had any Seconds behind his first Front he could not iudge him to be lesse then 30000. True it is indeed that Walenstein had given out Proviant Comissions for 40000. and sometimes for 50000. people but yet had he not so many fighting men for that there were at least 10000. women servants children and such Hang-byes belonging to the Army which are to be discounted Besides this it is to be considered that Walenstein had but one Front and the King 2. so that we may well allow Walenstein to be 20000. in the First Front at the very first ordering of the Battell After which accounting those that were still comming in even till 10. a clocke and Pappenheims Horse and Dragooners which came in about one or two a clocke and his Foot thought to make the second fierce charge towards night and then doubtlesse these could not be fewer then 10. on 12000. which made up in all full 30000. fighting men The Armies being comne within Cannon shot the great Ordnance began to play one upon another terribly The Aire roar'd and the earth trembled and those manly hearts that feared not dying were yet very loath to have no more play for their lives then to be beaten to pieces with the bullet of a Cannon And here had Walenstein surely a great advantage over the Kings Army The Battell begun with great Ordnance for his Ordnance being all ready planted upon steaddy and fixt Batteries the Canoniers traversed their Peeces and delivered their bullets with more aime then the Kings men could possibly who gave fire in motion still and advancing His Maiesties Cannon ever as a peece was discharged was there left to be brought after the Army still advancing and marching away from it Plainely the King liked not this sport for that the Imperiall Cannon did his men farre more spoile and execution then he possibly could againe returne them Seeing therefore no good to be done this way he causes his Army to advance upon the very mouth of the Cannon and to charge towards the High-way and to beate out those Muskettiers that were lodged in it The Imperiall Army stood their ground all this time expecting that the fiercenesse of their enemies charge would indifferently well be abated by that time they had beaten out those Muskettiers and had put themselues out of order and breath with scambling over the ditches And indeed the place being almost mans height a many of the Kings Horsemen were there left tumbling up and downe but of the rest that gat over this was the order of their Charge The commanded Muskettiers and the Foote of the Swedes Brigade having cleered the High-way the whole Front advanced to charge together The order of the first charge This whilest they were doing the little Drakes or Field-Peeces 2. of which marcht before every Body of Muskettiers that lined the Horse of the Wings were first fired and the Muskettiers at the same time giving their first Saluee the Horse then charged home upon the Imperiall Horse by the Drakes and Muskettiers something before disordered This order was held in the first charge by the whole Front of the Army but I must now leave the Battell and Left Wing engaged to speake of the Right Wing first where the King in person commaunded The King at his first advancing having observed whereabouts in the Imperiall Left Wing now opposite to him the Crabats were marshalled and where the Curiassiers who were compleatly armed in blacke harnesse Cap á pied he cals the Finnish Colonel Stolhanshe to him as t is likely he did other Colonels as he rode along and pointing to the enemie As for those fellowes meaning the Crabats I care not for them The Kings speech of the Imperiall Curiassiers saies the King but charge me those blacke fellowes soundly for they are the men that will undoe vs. Thus much did Stolhanshe himselfe oftentimes and at table relate unto divers Gentlemen of our Nation Some of which tell the Kings words from Stolhanshes mouth this way Charge me those blacke fellowes soundly for t is prophecyed that they shall be the ruine of me But this word prophesie others confesse that they heard not The King fought at the head of the Smolanders Squadron The couragiousnesse of the King Himselfe was still the formost with his pistoll in one hand and his sword in the other and when his pistolls were discharged laying on and slashing with his sword and the enemy giving fire in his face and laying at him againe freely Some have complained that onely with the Smolanders Squadron which you shall find at the number 6. and the Ostro Gothes at the number 5. or at most the Vplanders at the number 4. did now onely advance and charge the enemy Perchance these 3. now gat the start and were something forward then the 3. Squadrons of the Ingermanlanders the West-Goths and the Finlanders whom you see in their orders and numbers 3. 2. 1. towards the end of the Wing These 3. Squadrons indeed fell not on at the same place with the King but advanced directly upon the faces of those 3. Imperiall Regiments of Curiassiers which you see right
some Gentlemen ryding and some Boores running to the King with advice that the Imperialists were lying still in severall Dorps and Villages hard by The King having notice by the way of Walensteins scattered lodging about Lutzen without any intelligence at all of the Kings being in motion This the King being enformed of convokes presently his high Officers to a Councell of Warre to advise what were best to be determined His Majesty even then and then first put on the resolution for fighting openly speaking it out That He now verily supposed that God had given his enemies into his hand Hô brave occasion sayes the Duke of Saxon-Lawenburg Now God blesse us say divers great Officers t is a happy oportunitie And truely so it was for divers prisoners even then brought in by the Kings Partees and by the Boores being by the King examined whither they had any Alarm in their Quarters of his marching freely confessed that they had none And so much was evident enough for that they were now surprized in their Quarters Thus thought all the Officers all being resolved to fall on presently And indeed there was great reason for it resolves to fall upon his Quarters for could the Kings Army have falne in amongst those villages he had given a Camisado to severall of their Quarters at once have cut them off singly for that they could never have comne together to unite their Forces or have succoured one another This was evident And thus neere were 100000 good mens hopes and wishes of having arrived to the very highest of their expectations nothing in the whole world being betwixt the King of Swedens desires and his absolute victory but the length of the way onely The Gentlemen and Boores that brought him the Intelligence told him Lutzen was but hard by which the King was in good hope of for that He was even then in sight of it The Army advanc't stoutly and doubled their march upon it but their legges found it a longer way then their eyes it being a sad Campagnia full eight English miles of ground to Lutzen Besides all this was there a filthy Passe in the way at a Bridge over a River where but one or two men could goe over a-breast which hindred the Army full two houres going By this hinderance was it even night before the Army could get within two English miles of Lutzen so that had the King as he said but two houres more of day-light of which victory the length of the way and shortnesse of the day defeated him Walenstein doubtlesse had beene taken Sleeper had beene ex-Imperator'd and un-Generalissimo'd But God that is both Ancient of Dayes and Lord of Hosts had otherwise disposed of it Hee had made the way so long and the time so short no doubt for a better purpose This ill-fauoured Passe was within two English miles of Lutzen and in the Village that belonged to it were there two Imperiall Regiments of Horse one of them Crabats enquartered These having a little notice of the Kings comming had gotten upon their Horses and taken up a high hill on the other side of the Passe next to Lutzen They made as though they would have disturbed the Kings Passage but they did not the Kings Foot marching fairely over with some Horse amongst them Some of the Kings Foot were still marching over till it was darke night or within it Those that got over first entertained a slight skirmish with the Imperiall Horsemen without any losse to the King He rowtes two Regiments of the enemies killing some 50. or 100. of them and taking one Crabats Ensigne And now the King taking another hill right against that which the Imperialists possessed he from thence let flye some peeces of Ordnance amongst them which caused them to take the benefit of the night with some confusion to march off in This is that Ensigne so much spoken of which had Fortune and the Imperiall Eagle depainted upon it But it is no such raritie for that most or all of the Crabats Ensignes have the displayed Eagle for their bearing This was presented to the King for a faire Omen as if He had already now conquered both Fortune and the Eagle But the King t is reported tooke no great content at it being sorry I beleeve for that the night had prevented him for taking more of them and is faine to sit downe till the morning And here the King being surprized with the darkenesse was forced to sit downe in the open fields with his Army himselfe lying in his Coach as other Officers did that had them Here lay he all night in Battaglia every Regiment lying downe in the same order that they had marched with their Armes by them The Pikemen they stucke up their Pikes an-end by them and every Rott that is every sixe of Muskettiers bringing their Muskets to their Rottmaster he set them right up with their mouthes upward and bound them together with a peece of Match where they stood ready at hand for all occasions The Imperiall Army was in a terrible Hubub at the Kings comming over the Passe for now was the Alarm sent in hot to all the severall Dorps and Quarters even from Lutzen unto Hall and Leipsich Order upon paine of death was given for every man with all speed possible to repaire towards Lutzen to their Generalissimo Presently upon this began all the Regiments to draw together some of which were all night upon their marches and some Horse that were Quartered very farre off being not able to reach up till ten a clocke next morning And thus even then dist the mist so long keepe off the King next morning till his enemies could be made strong enough for him As every Regiment came in so were they put into order which continued all night long as the two English Gentlemen then prisoners there observed About ten at night did Walenstein begin to thinke of the places most advantageous for the planting of his Ordnance some of which having mounted upon the Wind-mill hills he then began to cast up a trench of earth about them All night and next morning his Dragooners and Pioners wrought with their Spades about the High-way and to make the Ditches or Draine by it serve them for a Brest-worke to lodge their Muskettiers in And this was their worke too all the next misty morning which fatall weather gave them also the more respite to recover their feares and wearinesses and to fortifie themselves against their unconquered enemy And thus was the night the last night to some thousands overpassed The King now over the Passe had put himselfe into a necessity of fighting and being thus engaged the sooner he fought the better for that his enemy should be the lesse provided for him The Bride therefore more longd not for her wedding morning nor slept lesse then the King that night did Tuesday that fatall 6th of November at last began to draw neere and alas it
their Armes stoutly and the adverse writers confesse That their dead bodies now covered the same ground which living they had defended These were old beaten souldiers indeed but it was so long since they had beene last beaten that they had by this time forgotten how to runne away This is the reason that they were so shattered that when towards night they were to have falne on againe both these Brigades put together could not make one Squadron strong which is but the 3d. part of one of them By this you see that 5. of 6. were there killed The Swedes Brigade marked with the number 8. fared something better because neere unto the Horse and yet there came not aboue 400. off alive or unwounded Duke Bernards Brigade marked with 11 was something more out of Gun-shot for that next the Horse of the Left Wing Yet here was Colonel Wildestein shot in the breast of which he after died Duke Bernards Lieftenant-Colonel Winckler being slaine upon the place In this sore bickering the spoyle on the Imperiall side fell mostly upon old Bruners and young Walensteins Regiments both which were here killed with full halfe if not 2 thirds of the souldiers These Regiments performed their duties so valiantly and Walenstein himselfe tooke such speciall notice of them that he along time after if not still maintained them in his owne house at Prague for it Hindersons Reserve of Foote in the meane time which you see at number 37. had also their share in the knocking one of the Offices and uses of the Reserve being still to supply and second where most need is with fresh men to derne up the holes and stop up the gaps of the slaughtered And whereas those 4. Brigades of the Van had so terribly beene shattered Generall-Major Kniphausen had out of his care sent up these 2. Brigades of the Count of Thurn and the Colonell Mitzlaff which you see at numbers 28. and 29. to relieve them After a while he sent them up those 4. Squadrons of Horse which you see at the numbers 33 34 35 The Imperialists beaten off and 11. pieces takeÌ„ 36. who so well altogether restored the encounter that the Imperialists began to give ground which the Swedes so farre pursued till they had recovered the 7. peeces againe and those 4. others which you see at the letters F F to the left hand of them Looke we now aside to see what was done in the Reere and Left Wing by Kniphausen and Duke Bernard Generall-Major Kniphausen having sent 2. Brigades of his 4. and 4. Squadrons of Horse What Kniphausen did to the reliefe of the Vantguard sent also his other 2. Horse Squadrons at the numbers 30 3â— commanded by the Prince of Anhalt and the Lieftenant of Baron Hoffkirch unto Duke Bernard As for the other 2. Brigades of Foote his owne and Bosens which you see at 27. and 28 together with Oems his Reserve of Horse to be found at number 38. these did Kniphausen still keepe by him in the Reere of the Battell Duke Bernard had as hard a Chapter of it as any man against the Imperialists Right Wing and what Duke Bernard at the Wind-Mills and surely had the most renowned Don Quixote beene there there had beene exercise enough for his valour at these Wind-Mills Soberly this was the hardest Post for advantage of situation all the field over and Count Coloredo as well maintained it against him Never man did more gallantly behave himselfe then Duke Bernard did that day sure it is and himselfe avoucht it that first and last in this and other places he charged 12. severall times one after another any of which was a more desperate piece of service then all Hercules 12. labours baâ—e me but his going to hell to fetch out Cerberus And Coloredo gave Duke Bernard leave to charge all he had so good an advantage of the 2. ditches and the Wind-Mills that hee would not scarce offer upon Duke Bernard His great valour The brave young Duke pressing on in the beginning of the fight had set the towne of Lutzen on fire his reason being that seeing if he would get the Wind-Mills he must with the end of his Wing even touch as it were the very walls of the town Should Coloredo then have first filled those wals with Muskettiers they must needs have so sorely galled his Horsemen that there had beene no comming neere nor could Horse and Pistols have done any service against wals and Muskettiers In one of these Charges did Coloredo so thunder upon Duke Bernard that the valiant Prince thought it not un-souldier-like done to shelter himselfe behind the Millars House which you see at the letter N. All this time as we told you did Major Kniphausen keep his 2 Brigades and Oems his Reserve together un-engaged doing no more with them then faire and softly advance them towards the enemy at such time as he saw the Brigades of the Van to get any ground of them The distance of his Reere from the Front was about 600. paces and at that scantling he still kept himselfe behind the other This was no small occasion of the winning of the Battell seeing that so often as any of the Van were disordered and put to the retreate they with him still found a whole great Body together unbroken by the sight of which they resumed new courage and were set in order againe And very glad was Duke Bernard when in the next breaking up of the Mist he came and found Kniphausen in so good order whom as he openly professed he feared to have found all to pieces For now betwixt 3. and 4. a clocke which was a little before Sun-set did the Mist breake up and there was a faire halfe-houre after it At which time Duke Bernard going abroad to over-view the posture and countenance of the Army which since his hearing of the Kings death the mist and smoake had not suffered him to discover any thing of he came now along by the Battell unto the Right Wing speaking to the Officers and souldiers and encouraging them to a new on-set Plainely he found the whole Army except Kniphausens part in no very good order which he and Kniphausen who tooke much good paines likewise about it did their best to reduce them to When the Word was given for a new Charge alas Camrade said the poore souldiers one to another must we fall on againe Come saies the tother embracing him Courage if we must le ts doe it bravely and make a day out As Duke Bernard was leading on the Imperiall Generalissimo sent his 2. Colonells Tersica and Piccolomini to discover in that cleere weather what the Swedes were a doing who brought his Excellency word againe that they were r'allied together about the Wood and in very good order advancing towards him The 4th charge This no doubt made the Imperialists hearts quake to thinke upon the terror of a fourth Charge And now could the Swedes discover the Imperiall
and thickets of the forrest Some troopes they left upon the edge of the wood to entertaine the time with the Swedish till their baggage should have gotten on further out of danger I doe not finde that there was much more that day done against those in the woods-side It was almost night by this time for the Swedish Foot had met with so many hills and bushes in their march that they could no sooner get up to make a day of it The Spaniards so long as day light lasted made very good use of the wood to defend themselves in against the Swedish Every tree served their muskettiers both for a Rest and for a Buckler every bush was as good as a Turn-pike or a Galthrop to keepe off any charge of horses and to hinder their comming on in order Among the boughes of the trees were not the enemies Pikes manageable Nothing but Canon could doe them any mischiefe and out of their reach they could quickly get them In this posture did the Spaniards maintaine it till the approaching darknesse the favour of which advantage being the thing they most longed for they now marcht away with all their diligence The Swedish not daring to pursue them Continuing their retreate for feare of ambushes were faine for that night to encamp without the edge of the wood aforesaid All that night the Spaniards marched and by breake of day the next friday morning May 25 did the Swedish horse againe pursue after them But the woods and hillie wayes proved so cumbersome and the Spaniards had so farre gotten the start of them that though the Swedish Cavallerie did now and then overtake some of them They are pursued by the Rhinâ—grave and made some spoile upon their Reere among such especially as were by any mischance cast behinde their fellowes yet still did the others get so much ground of the Swedish Infanterie as that they could never get up to give them a generall onset Those Spanish horse that were left behinde either to manne the Reere or to guard the baggage would turne againe now and then perchance and give the Swedish their pistolls and so kill or spoile them a man or two that way but yet they never stood to it their purpose being to make good their retreat if they did skirmish now and then yet still was it but retyring The Swedish being all horse had this advantage upon the Spanish Foot that they could ride out and in The manner of the retreat and charge them upon which flanck they pleased the Rhinegrave upon one hand and the Fins under Stolhanshe upon the other and both at pleasure And yet that which afflicted the Spanish worse then all this was that their enemies still soliciting them with renewed Alarmes they could never be suffered either to pitch or sleepe nor to take any manner of rest night or day for 40 houres together Being thus enforced to march forwards still forwards if any encuÌ„brance withall chaÌ„ced to fall among their wagons or any carriage of their ordnaÌ„ce to be brokeÌ„ either must those necessary impediments be forsaken or the mens lives most desperately be exposed that durst stay behind either to mend or defend theÌ„ The whole Army would never make Halt or stay for any private occasion and in this posture did the Spaniards retreate and the Swedish horse pursue the grosse of foot following on as fast as might be till they came to Lautereck aforesaid full 16 miles of ground from Gelheim neere which the fight beganne and as heavy to march as some other thirtie The Spaniards seeing now no remedie but that the Swedish were likely to pursue them ever They burne their carriages at Lautereck and perceiving withall diverse of their owne wheeles and carriages to be by this time much broken and shattered in the woods and rugged mountaines they there resolve to ridde themselves of that lumber Here set they fire unto a many of their wagons the carriages of their ordnance they burned and the peeces they drowned in the river Lauter Their sicke and wounded men they put upon the horses that had drawn them and so hasted to the Northward towards the Mosel Being thus lightned now double they their march and from thence to the river Nah which gave them entrance into the Duchie of Semmern and the Huntsruck they had something a more champion countrie to doe it in Here the Swedish gave it over staying about Lautereck awhile to refresh theÌ„selves froÌ„ whence the Armie turned aside and there the Swedish give it over partly towards Creutznach 15 English miles to the right hand and North of Lautereck and partly back again to Altzeim The way betwixt the first encounter and parting of the Armies lay strewed with dead maimed sick and wearyed bodyes ever and anon Spaniards Italians Wallons and Burgundians of which if you will take the Swedish and the Boores reckning there were full 2000. The drowned ordnance were found and weighed up againe Some 400 others name 800 wagons either burnt or left behinde 40 of which the Spaniards hoping to have caryed away and therefore not burned Their losses fell whole and wholly into the hands of the Swedish In these were much bedding brasse pewter and iron with such like leaguer-housholdstuffe Divers prisoners were taken and among them about 60 Officers all which were carryed into Mentz Of the Spanish Armie that thus marcht away were there said to be 8000 foot and 3000 horse or neere upon it which I beleeve not all which by the beginning of June were gotten as farre as the Mosel and some part of them already passed it Much encumbrance did they after encounter withall in the Elector of Triers countrey The French forces and his owne hee now made to way-lay them and encumbrances in the Bishop of Triers countrey employed 3000 Boores to cut downe the trees for the hindering of their passage and all victualls was conveyed away out of their reach Thus the Spaniards made good their retreate and though they did it with much hazzard and many losses yet al-together was it a very good peece of service of them And I beleeve the Swedish were as glad as the Countrey that they were so cheape ridde of them Don Gonzales de Cordova Monterry Governor of Maestricht having not beene able to get over the Mosel to the reliefe of the Count of Embden now for feare that the Swedish should have passed over after him stayed for the said Count in the countrey of Lutzenburg and afterward peecd in with him about Naamen and the river Maze The Count of Merode with those forces which he had thereabouts newly levyed for the Emperor was then about the Mosel towards Cullen but he went not along with Embden nor Don Cordova he being then in entertainement with the Elector of Cullen And thus ended that expedition of so much expectation of the Spanish Armies into the Palatinate But this is the fortune of the warres that
be every where blockt up by his horse quarters he by mid June drawes all the forces out of Spiers and Germersheim and retires home-wards to the defence of Alsatia and that which he calls his owne Marquisate of Baden And into these parts Gustavus Horn presently sent the wars after him The Rhinegrave after the departure of the Spanish for want of other employment made a designe for the recovery of Kirchberg wherein they had left a garrison The Rhinegrave had advanced the service even to the making of a saultable breach in the wall The Rhinegrave besieging Kirchberg and the mounting of his scaling ladders His men having order now to storme so soone as they perceived the resolutenesse of the defendants and that a Leiftenant who had the point and fell first on upon the Breach was with 50 of his followers shot dead upon the place they could by no meanes bee perswaded to give on after them but cowardly enough came running off againe faster then ever they went forward And thus was the Rhinegrave faine to sound the retreate and for that time is beaten off againe to levie his owne siege of Kirchberg Shortly after this when namely the French Armies were comne a little neerer to these quarters and Gustavus Horne upon his march thitherward to the sieges of Coblentz and of Grafenberg the Spanish in this towne Simmern and other places yeelded upon the first summons and went off with soldierly Conditions This siege was in the end of May and the beginning of our June by which time was Gustavus Horn comne downe out of Bavaria from the King of Sweden with commission to command the Armie in the parts about the Rhine and Mosel GUSTAVUS HORNS PROCEEDINGS From the time of his being sent downe out of Bavaria by the King untill the time of his going up againe thither with an Armie after the Kings Death HOw the gallant yong Cavalier Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weymar second brother unto Duke William had at the Kings marching up into Bavaria beene left behinde with the Armie about the Palatinate you may collect by what hath beene before written The reason forwhich his leaving there is no secret in those parts His birth which is of an Electorall familie his hopes sure if he lives to be heire to his Unckle the Duke of * This old Duke being since dead there is another heirelesse Prince in the possession after whom the Honor is entaild upon Duke Bernard Saxon-Coburg with his personall valour and abilities had allured the King of Sweden to settle some desires upon him Seldome hath there beene any great act of warre but that something of Love hath chanc'd in betweene as if to cheere and sweeten the sad Scene of it This observation would the Poets thus represent by still bringing in a Venus into Mars his storie The God of love is painted armed and Love though a comicall passion yet still beares it a Part either in the Plot or the Catastrophe of warres Tragedie All Stories would be full of these discourses had they the luck of it like that of the 12 Caesars to have a Suetonius as well as a Tacitus a chamber-Blab to tell tales of what was enacted in the withdrawing roome as well as what was executed in the Leaguer The King of Sweden plainely had made some private overtures unto Duke Bernard of a marriage betwixt him and a faire yong Swedish Ladie daughter to his owne Sister whom his Queene had brought with her into Germanie This Ladie being left with the Queen about Franckford Duke Bernard was left about Mentz also by which neerenes he had the better oportunity to make Court unto his Mistresse Where the fault was I know not Sure it is that in the Kings absence there had fallen out some discontent betwixt Duke Bernard and the Rex-Chancellor Oxenstiern The occasion was for that the Chancellor had given some command over the Armie The cause of Duke Bernards going up to the King which Duke Bernard had expected unto the Rhinegrave Not unto that Cavalier the Rhinegrave Otto Lodowick Leiftenāt of the horse but unto the Rhinegrave Otto unckle to this Gētleman who had heretofore been a suiter unto the King to bestow the towne and Jurisdiction of Bingen upon him which had beene part erewhiles of the Elector of Mentz his Bishopricke Duke Bernard hereupon going up to the King then at Munchen received some hopes of satisfaction and of being made Leiftenant Generall of the Foot unto his Majestie which hee withall expected should by sound of trumpet have beene proclaimed throughout the Armie But the King suspecting how ill Sir Iohn Banier whose place that is must needs take that gave not that content unto Duke Bernard in this particular A speech there sometimes likewise was in the Armie that Duke William Saxon-Weymar should have beene Generalissimo or Leiftenant Generall overall the Kings Armies and Commanders These misses caused some private discontent in Duke William and his brother Bernard which some suspect was never heartily taken off againe to the Kings dying day However the King to give Duke Bernard and his brother some content immediately sent away Gustavus Horn to command that Armie about the Rhine and Mosel which Duke Bernard came from that so there might be one lesse in the Armie betwixt the King and them and when at his comming out of Bavaria hee left Duke William with an Armie he had the Title of Leiftenant-Generall And this is some part of the secret and of Gustavus Horns comming downe to this Armie for Duke Bernards going up and Gustavus Horns so sudden comming downe towards the Palatinate Gustavus Horn comming Post out of Bavaria upon Munday being Barnabee the brights day June 11 arrived at Franckford whence the next day hee went to Mentz unto the Chancellor Here they 2 first overlooking and then new ordering the Armie drew it out into the field presently The Spaniards then in possession of most of the best townes in the Elector of Triers his countrie the Chapter and some of the people favouring them perceiving by this time that the Swedes were likely to come against them in favour of the French and that the French themselves under the marshall D'Estre D'Effiat now dead in 2 severall Bodies were comming neerer every day and neerer to them they finde meanes The Spaniards thrust a garrison into Coblents by the favour aforesaid to choppe a garrison all on the sudden into Coblentz The situation of this towne served their turne severall wayes 1. It commands the passage of the Rhine on the Western bancke whereof it is seated and there too * Of the meeting and confluence of these 2 rivers together is Coblentz in Latine called Confluentia where the river Mosel falls into it 2. It became as ill as a Blockhouse against the most strong Castle of Ehrenbreisten or Hermanstein which is the Bishops Palace upon the other banck of the Rhine into which he had lately admitted
beene committed for education as Page 33 of our First Part wee told you Administrator of Wirtemberg having as wee told you Page 173 of our Second Part againe consented to the King of Sweden according to the Conclusions of the Diete of Leipsich and that agreement of his having a little before that been consented unto in a Diete of the States of Wurtemberg at Stutgard the King gives him order to this purpose 1. That the Imperiall townes of Reutlingen and Esling within that Duchie which is a part of the Circle of Schwaben with the townes of Salmenschweil Zwifalten and S. Blasi in the Schwarzwaldt with the Counties of Baar and Zollern and finally the whole Country betwixt the towne of Tubingen and the frontiers of the Switzers to the southward should afford place of billetting to the 2 RegimeÌ„ts of the Count Crafft of Hohenloe to those 2 of Schavalitzki and Kanofski Colonells and to the companies of Cranckh Leiftenant Colonell 2. That the appointed Treasurers and Commissaries should have monyes ready collected for the soldiers pay necessary provisions upon assurance that their Chiefes and Commanders should be bound for the keeping the soldiery in good Discipline and restraining them from disorders and wrongs doing Upon the publishing of these orders the levies went forward and the 2 Imperiall cities aforenamed were each charged with the billetting of 3 Companies But they fearing the unrulinesse of the soldiers bought it out All the other places of the countrey came in with little adoe declaring for the Diete of Leipsich and the King of Sweden as Generall director of the warres The towne of Elwang only which is the chiefest of the Bishoprick of that name in the Northern parts of the Circle of Schwaben stood out against these orders Some Imperialists had beene newly thrust in thither and they signified their obedience to the Swedish and Wirtembergs Officers with their pikes and muskets whereupon some troopes being sent for to enforce them the Elwangers lost 4 or 500 men and 2 of their greater Officers being faine also to depart the citie The rest of the Imperiall troopes in the lesser townes hereabouts hearing of this defeat betake themselves into the stronger towns and especially into these about the Bodensee or the lake of ConstaÌ„ts on the Southwesterne corner of the Circle of Schwaben next to Schwitzerland This corner a man may call one of the backe doores to Germanie for that this and Tirole are the great Passes and Avenues to the Succors out of Italie The Commissarie Ossa a notable pragmaticall man had with great judgement and diligence taken order for the locking up of this back doore and for keeping the key of it And that was Lindaw especially which standing in a little I let in the lake of the Bodensee he had taken good order heretofore both to provide and fortifie The same service had hee done the Emperor in the townes of Constantz Ratolfsell Vberlingen Moerspurg Buochorn and Bregentz all round about this lake which is in length 44 or 45 miles English and 12 in breadth in some places The same had he done to Zell Wangen Ravenspurg and divers others which helpt much unto the securing besides of the Arch Duke Leopolds lands and the Emperors second Sonnes lands in Alsatia which joyne upon the west of it This that followes was something towards Ossaes order The Regiment of Colonell * He that had beene Tillies Enginier to take Magdenburg Farensbach he billetted upon the County of Rechberg the Lordship of Weissenstag and the Tenants of the Abbesse of Buchau The Landgrave of Stullingen a Protestant and chiefe of the familie of the Pappenheims unckle to the soldier and hereditarie Marshall of the Empire hee and the Count of Bultz were charged with the Regiment of Balderon The Counties of Furstenburg and Witzleb and towne of Memmingen were faine to entertaine the Count of Ritbergs Regiment The Duke of Savellies Regiment was laid upon other Lordships Other troopes were sent to Kempten Isnau and Pfullendorff Colonell Vithzthumbs Regiment was sent towards Alsatia and some into Zabern the place of Residence for the Bishop of Strasburg And for that there had beene divers companies of the Catholick-leaguers forces billetted up on the hereditary lands of the house of Austria and betwixt Vlm and Ausburg Ossa required the Duke of Bavaria to remove them that there might be some Imperialists brought in place of them This the Duke tooke regret at rather contented to have such guests as those upon another mans lands then in his owne countrey As for the Emperors Tenants and Copie holders they were warned to appeare at Stockheim and either to take soldiours into their Countrey or to buy it out with their readie money All this had Ossa done very substantially by which he first of all made himselfe sure of thâ—se 3 principall townes of importance Zell Lindau and Constantz all which he perswaded either to take in garrisons from him or to raise some of their owne for the Emperors service Zell promised to raise 500. Constantz took in 10 Companies from him and Lindau as many And very well secured he in the next place the Bishopricks of Moerspurg and Constantz with the Lordships of Bregentz and Veldkirch and kept lastly the passages free from out the Grisons and the Switzers Countries as also out of the possessions of the Imperiall familie on that side of Alsatia By this you know something of the state of that Circle of Schwaben and what townes and enemies the King of Sweden and the Duke of Wirtemberg had there to doe withall The Duke had by the beginning of this yeare encreased his Armie to 8000 and had well begunne to put the Kings orders in execution The Duke of Wirtemberg puts into the field Beginning on that side of his Duchy which was next unto the King hee had by the 20 of June taken in the Princely Abby of Zwyfalten with the towne and jurisdiction about it with those other places that lie in that Southwesterne frontier of Wirtemberg by the Danubie side towards Bibrach Thus skimmes he over some other of his Frontiers on the South and towards the Westward from divers of the weaker townes whereof which were Catholick he drives out the Imperialists and thrusts his owne and the Kings forces upon them For all this that was done by the Duke of Wirtemberg in his countrey or by the Swedes in the Palatinate the Imperialists beganne againe to bustle very sturdily in the neighbour Alsatia The Commissarie and Generall Ossa who about the 22 or 23 of May had beene skared from Bibrach by the King of Sweden Ossa Monte Cuculi and the Marquesse of Baden rallee together in Alsatia as Page 171 of our Second Part wee have told you was by this time comne through Schwaben by the way of Weingarten where having this second time left the best order that he could and 3000 Boores up in commotion he was now with some forces conjoyned with the Count
the twentie fourth was the Passe and Skonce of Steinau againe recovered from the Imperialists The day before this was Kalckstein sent out with 10 Companies unto Neiumarckt a pretty towne betwixt Steinau and Breslaw They take Nieumarckt and 15 English miles from this latter Kalckstein sending for the Magistrate demands entrance and he desiring respite Kalckstein shewed him 4 peeces of Ordnance That bunch of keyes opens all the gates and let in 5 Companies to lie there in garrison and Kant With the other 5 went Kalckstein unto Kant 8 English miles due South of of Breslaw which durst not but seeme freely to admit of 3 other Companies Thus was Breslaw blocked up both upon the North East and South quarter of it By Sunday noone August the twenty sixth had the Imperiall Army gotten up to Breslaw before the Oder gate where they were marshalled These reported how shamefully they had beene beaten out of the Skonce with the losse of some hundreds as also of 6 peeces of Ordnance and Schaffgotzi's silver wagon to the value of 2 tunne of gold in it Towards evening the Army was commanded to the long Bridge over which they marched and upon a faire Triangular peece of ground betwixt the wood the water the morasses they encamped A place of mighty advantage which had but one Avenue to it And pursue the fleeing Imperialists unto Breslaw by which it might be assaulted Here they gave out themselves to those of Breslaw to be 14000 but 10000 or 11000 is a faire allowance The next day came the Swedish and Saxish Vantguard unto Lissau a town Castle within English miles of Breslaw Thence advanced they towards Breslaw in pursuit of the Imperialists Being comne within halfe an houres march a Squadron of Crabats encountred them who were presently put to the retreate Presently after 300 of them turned backe againe by which time 2 troopes of Swedish were comne into the Sweinitz meddow called the Faire bird within musket shot of Breslaw Now the Crabats called to the citizens on the walls to assist them by shooting at the Swedish which they refused Hereupon 300 Crabats fell upon the 150 Swedish whom they put to the retreate These being reenforced came on again but the Crabats keeping close to the Sweinitz port Some skirmishes being made by their vantcurriers the Swedish durst come no neerer for feare the towne should have given fire upon them for which indeed there was order given Now the Swedish looking to get betweene the Crabats and their camp they discovering it made hast thitherward They gone there was a very faire Coach espyed by the Swedish which offered to come into the Citie and this they fell upon and tooke There was one Leiftenant Colonell Kurtzsh in it and 20000 Dollars The towne shot at them at which they shaking their heads ranne away with the Bootie not so much as offering to returne a bullet againe About 6 at night the whole Swedish and Saxonian Army appeared with their great Artillery onely and no baggage Being comne within half an houres march of the Imperiall Leaguer they ranged themselves into Battaglia advancing with their Canon playing before them Six faire Regiments had order to attack the Imperialists in their Leaguer the whole Army followes and beates the Imperialists over the Oder which they with bravery enough maintayned for an houre and halfe being then constrained to forsake that most advantagious situation to set fire upon their quarters and in hast to retyre themselves baggage and ordnance over the long Oder bridge which in 3 places they put fire unto This had they not done they had been all undone and all this saith mine Author I my selfe saw with mine owne eyes from the toppe of St Elizabeths steeple By 2 a clock on the Tuesday morning August 28 they fell too 't againe the Swedish putting hard for it to get over the river which the other with all violence forbad them About 10 a clock Prince Henry Wentzel of Bernstad the Baron Donaw and 2 other privie Counsellors of the town that were Militarie Commissaries to the Emperor went up to the walls to take view of the skirmish Baron Donaw in my hearing sayes my Author thus beganne to the other 3 I pray let us trie the cast of this peece of ordnance A device of Baron Donaw's to make the Swedish fall foule with Breslaw and let us see how farre shee will range her bullet but the Counsell would not consent to it Hee seeing none that contradicted sent for an old Gunner Imperially affected in the towne and bids him to traverse the peece upon the Swedish and give fire which being done himselfe having helpt the Gunner he laughed heartily rewarding the fellow with a Ducate and a thanke saying This is the first in Gods name This said he goes to his Coach and so to the Counsell Chamber The townsmen understanding of this shot all in furie runne to their citie Colonell the Lord of Sawish complaine to him of the Baron Donaw and all to raile at him The Colonell shutting his doores at them they made Alarme upon it in great multitudes flocking to the Captaines of their severall Wards first and then to the Statehouse There called they for the Baron the new Gunner their * This Baron being a Protestant first and then an Apostata was sent by the Emperor to Breslaw to be his Commissary for the deforming reforming I should have said of the Protestant Churches in Silesia Being insolent in his office and becomne odious he would tell the people he did that to save them Saviour and doe the Magistrate what he could with perswasions they would there stay his out-comming About one or 2 a clock comes a Ritmaster with 3 troopes of Horse from the Swedish Army to demand the townsmens purpose in that peece of ordnance which had killed a Leiftenant Colonels horse under him and 3 soldiers The Magistrate desiring respite for his answere till the morning the Ritmaster fairely retyred some townsmen first telling him that it was Baron Donaw's doing By this were the townsmen starck mad resolving to have torne the Baron in peeces had not 2 Lords privately brought him off in their Coach set him privately downe behinde the Cathedrall whence at midnight hee was shifted out of the Citie unto his owne Castle of Warrenberg 32 English miles to the North East of Breslaw whence he escaped to Vienna Hence was he sent into Poland where he raised some thousands of Cosacks with whom he returned into Silesia By this mans indiscretion had this fairest City of Silesia like to have beene undone by his offering the first act of hostilitie against the Swedish who were al this day in hot skirmish with the Imperialists Wednesday morning they begann againe the fight continuing till 8 a clock at which time was shooting given over on both sides The reason was for that the Imperialists at that instant retyred to a place called Clarworder not
Horse retreating in indifferent good order towards the Wind-Mills whereupon they bringing forward 10. pieces of Cannon and turning those 11. likewise upon them which were before taken they gave the Imperiall Horse such a rowsing Salvee of great Ordnance and charged so upon it that they put them into disorder The Imperialists beaten to the Wind-mills And here as my Spanish Relator saies did the Generalissimo light upon a slight fillipp by a favourable Musket bullet namely which made no wound but left a blue remembrance onely upon him That hee was indeed shot thorow the Coate was at Prague reported though some would even there say privately that he was in no such danger And now were the Imperialists beaten round about even to the very Wind-Mills the Swedes being Masters of the ground that they shouldred the others out of But iust now a little before Sun-set fell the fatall mist againe which so hastned on the night that the Swedes could not well see which way to pursue their enemies Duke Bernard in his comming backe was thus heard to say Mercifull God! but for this mist we had even now gotten the victory Hence went he backe againe over all the Battalians his owne Post againe towards which he now perceived the Imperialists to be making And now by Sunne-setting was all the Field cleere of the Imperialists excepting onely about the Wind-Mills and there plainely were both Coloredoes and Duke Bernards men falne off one from another like 2. Duellers leaning on their swords to take breath againe Certainely they had so bangd one another that neither of both were in order but either party shot at adventure right forward and let the bullet find his owne way as it could thorow that night of smoake and mistinesse Those Muskettiers which we told you were lodged in the mudd-wal'd gardens were seene to give fire give fire continually but no men to be discerned And the Swedes at adventure shot at them againe and as at night they got ground they stormed into the gardens as if they had beene so many Castles Here the next day were a many found dead 300. in one of them And iust in the edge of the evening when the Swedish well hoped all had beene finished had Duke Bernard fresh word brought him that Pappenheims Foote were even now arrived from Hall and were beginning a fresh Charge The 5th charge about the Wind-Mills Thus ranne the Word over the Army Pappenheims Foote are comne Pappenheims Foot are comne This the Swedish beleeved though Captaine Feilding assures me that the Imperialists at Prague would never acknowledge it that the Pappenheimers came at all into the Battell Now was all the service after halfe an houres silence on both sides turned unto the Wind-Mills The Imperialists courages like the throwes of a dying body struggled hard at the last cast for life and made for the time as fierce a Charge of it as any had the day before passed To withstand this now does Kniphausen bring on his 2. fresh Brigades with whom are the other 2. of Thurns and Mitzlaffs conioyned that he had before sent to the reliefe of the Vantguard which indeed had not so cruelly beene shattered Now also Duke Bernard r'allying all the Horse together advanced to the Charge The Imperialists had anew put downe some more Muskettiers into the crosse ditch or Boundary of Lands marked with H which not a little troubled the Swedish Once or twice did they offer to force that Trench and to Storme over it but it was so troublesome and dangerous in the darke that they did but over-tumble one another and were faine to keepe on the other side of it to bring on some Muskettiers and from thence to give their vollyes The best of it was that it was not above 100. paces distant from the High-way close behind which the Imperialists were ranged That which most galled the Imperialists was the Swedish Ordnance which on the Right hand Flancke of them and on the neerer side of the High-way were now turnd upon them This most cruell and hote fight continued till about 5. a clock in the euening The Imperialists give it over much about which time the Walsteiners or Pappenheimers or both together fell off in the darke and gave it quite over And thus ended this long cruell bloody and bravely fought Battell which in continuall exercise in one place or other and so the battell ended or at least with small intermissions had lasted from 9. in the morning untill this time Eight or 9. long houres was every man in danger of a sudden death when at other times he would have thought himselfe ill handled by so long a Fit of an Ague I have cast the whole Battell into 5. greater and more remarkeable Charges not because there were no more but for that these were most eminent And yet perchance were not these so distinct Acts of this Tragedy that they might be said to have begun iust now because the whole Battell was but one continuall Charge some where or other but for that the greater Heates and Executions were much about these times and in those manners that I have specified These Charges mostly concerne the Battell and Right Wing for of the Left I have not such particular Intelligence If the valour of particular and deserving Gentlemen cannot here be described it is for that the malignity of that envious Mist would not suffer it to be discerned Assuredly there hath beene no such cruell Fight that hath yeelded so few observations The Imperialists being marcht off the Swedish gladder of victory then of enemies had neither eyes nor wills good enough to pursue the Retreate upon them especially over such troublesome passages as the Ditch the High-way and its Ditch the Wind-Mills and their Ordnance and the Gardens with their Muskettiers in them Nor had the Imperialists after such an afternoones drinking any hearty good stomacks to such a supper as were likely to cost them such a Reckoning Beating their Drummes therefore after a while they sent away their Baggage and Ammunition and made their retreate towards Leipsich The Swedish at first hearing of the Imperiall Drummes knew not what to make of it but doubted that their enemies meant to retire into the next Dorps and what they would doe to morrow they knew not Now were Duke Bernard Kniphausen and some others in consultation what to doe Whither to lye all night in the Field to expect another Charge in the morning or to carry off their sicke and wounded men and to retire the Army towards Weissenfels Colonel Hinderson had order in the meane time to burne the carriages of those 11. peeces of Ordnance which were taken from the Imperialists because in the night time the Swedes despaired of drawing them along with them But Walensteins selfe had already yeelded up the Field and the Victory consequently unto the Swedish and by this accident put an end to their doubtfull consultation The Generalissimo already upon