saith Vidi factas ex aequore terras Et procul à pelago conchae jacnere marinae Et verus inventa est in montibus anchor a summis Oft have I seen that earth which once I knew Part of the Sea so that a man might view Huge shells of fishes in the upland ground And on the Mountain tops old Anchors found As concerning the situation of Ilands whether commodious or not this is my judgement I find in Machiavel that for a Citie whose people covet no Empire but their own Towns a barren place is better than a fruitfull because in such seats they are compelled to work and labour by which they are freed from idleness and by consequence from riotousness But for a City whose Inhabitants desire to enlarge their confines a fertile place was rather to be chosen than a sterill as being move able to nourish multitudes of people The like I say of Ilands If a Prince desire rather to keep than augment his Dominions no place sitter for his abode than an Iland as being by it self and nature sufficiently defensible But if a King be minded to adde continually to his Empire an Iland is no fit seat for him because partly by the uncertainty of Winds and Seas partly by the longsomness of the waies he is not so well able to supply and keep such forces as he hath on the Continent An example hereof is England which hath even to admiration repelled the most puissant Monarch of Europe but for the causes above mentioned cannot shew any of her winnings on the firm land though she hath attempted and atchieved as many glorious exploits as any Country in the World The Continent and Iland are sub-divided into Peninsula Isthmus Promontorium Peninsula quasi pene Insula is a tract of land which being almost encompassed round by water is joyned to the firm land by some little Isthmus as Peloponnesus Taurica and Peruana Isthmus is that little narrow neck of land which joyneth the Peninsula to the Continent as the Streights of Dariene in America and Corinth in Greece Promontorium is a high Mountain which shooteth it self into the Sea the outmost end of which is called a Foreland or Cape as the Cape of Good Hope in Africk Cape Comari in India c. The Imaginary parts of the Earth are such which not being at all in the Earth must yet be supposed to be so for the better teaching and learning this Science and are certain Circles going about the Earth answerable to them in Heaven in name These Circles are either the Greater Lesser in both which there are 360. Degrees which in the greater Circles are greater than those in the lesser and every Degree in the greater is 60. miles The greater Circles are either Immutable as the Aequator Mutable as the Horizon Meridian The Aequator is a great Circle going round about the Terrestiall Globe from East to West It passeth through Habassia Sumatra Guiana c. The use of it is to shew the Latitude of any Town Promontory c. Now the Latitude is the distance of a place South or North from the Aequator or middle of the World and must be measured on the Globe by the Degrees in the Meridian The Meridian is a great Circle rounding the earth from Pole to Pole There are many Meridians according to the divers places in which a man liveth but the chief and first Meridian passeth through the Island St. Michael one of the Azores The use of it is to shew the Longitude of any place Now the Longitude of a Citie Cape c. is the distance of it East and West from the first Meridian and is usually measured on the Globe by the Degrees of the Aequator The Horizon is a great Circle designing so great a space of the earth as a quick sight can ken in an open field The use of it is to discern the divers risings and settings of the Stars The lesser Circles either are Noted with some name as Tropicall of Cancer Capricorn Polar either Artick Antartick Noted with no distinct name and are the Parallels The Tropick of Cancer so called of the Caelestiall sign Cancer is distant from the Equinoctiall 2â— Degrees Northward and passeth through Barbary and India China and Nova Hispania The Tropick of Capricorn equally distant from the Aequator Southward passeth through Ethiopia inferior and the midst of Peruana And this is to be observed in these Tropicks that when the Sun is in the Tropick of Cancer our daies are at the longest and when he is gone back to the Tropick of Capricorn the daies are at the shortest The first they call the Summer the last they call the Winter Solstice the first hapning on or about St. Barnabies day in June the last on or about St. Lucies day in December The Artick Circle so called for that it is correspondent to the Constellation in Heaven called the Bear in Greek Arcâ—os is distant from the Tropick of Cancer 45 Degrees and passeth through Norway Muscovy Tartary c. The Antartick Circle so called because opposite to the other is as much distant from the Tropick of Capricorn and passeth through Terra Austrialis Incognita The use of these four Circles is to describe the Zones The Zones are spaces of earth included betwixt two of the lesser nominate Circles They are in number five one over-hot two over-cold and two temperate The over-hot or Torrid Zone is betwixt the two Tropicks continually scorched with the presence of the Sun The two over-over-cold or Frigid Zones are situate between the two Polar Circles and the very Poles continually wanting the neighbourhood of the Sun The two temperate Zones are betwixt the Tropick of Cancer and the Artick and 'twixt the Tropick of Capricorn and the Antartick Circles enjoying an indifferency between heat and cold so that the parts next the Torrid Zone are the hotter and the parts next the Frigid Zone are the colder These five Zones are disposed according to the order of the Zones in heaven of which thus Ovid Metamorph. 1. Utque duae dextra coelum totidemque sinistra Parte secant Zonae quinta est ardentior illis Sic onus inclusum numero distinxit eodem Cura dei totidemque plagae tellure premuntur Quarum quae media est non est habitabilis aestu Nix tegit alta duas totidem inter utramque locavit Temperiemque dedit mista cum Frigore Flamma And as two Zones do cut the Heavens right-side And likewise other two the left divide The midst in heat excelling all the rest Even so it seem'd to the Creator best That this our World should so divided be That with the Heavens in Zones it might agree The midst in heat the outwardmost excell In Snow and Ice scarce fit for men to dwell Betwixt these two extremes two more are fixt Where heat with cold indifferently is mixt Parallels called also Aequidistants circle the Earth from East to West and are commonly ten Degrees asunder Such
II. m. 10 684 16 Benedictus II. 1 685 17 Joannes V. 1 686 18 Canon m. II 688 19 Sergius 13 701 20 Joannes VI. 3 704 21 Joannes VII 3 707 22 Sisinnius d. 20 707 23 Constantinus 7 714 24 Gregorius II. 17 731 25 Greg. III. 10 m. 9 742 26 Zacharias 10 752 27 Stephanus II. d. 4 752 28 Stephanus III. 5 757 29 Paulus I. 10 767 30 Constans II. 1 768 31 Stephanus IV. 4 772 32 Adriauus I. 23 796 33 Leo III. 20 816 34 Stephanus V. m. 7 817 35 Paschalis 7 824 36 Eugenius II. 3 827 37 Valentinus d. 4 827 38 Gregorius IV. 16 843 39 Sergius II. 3 846 40 Leo IV. 8 854 41 Joannes VIII vn'gò POPE JOANE 2 856 42 Benedictus III. 2 858 43 Nicolas 10 868 44 Adrianus II. 5 873 45 Joannes IX 10 883 46 Martinus II. 1 884 47 Adrianus III. 1 885 48 Stephanus VI. 6 891 49 Formosus 4 895 50 Bonifacius VI. d. 15 896 51 Stephanus VII 1 897 52 Romanus m. 4 897 53 Theodorus II. d. 10 897 54 Joannes X. 2 899 55 Benedictus IV. 2 903 56 Leo V. d. 40 903 57 Christophorus m. 7 903 58 Sergius III. 7 910 59 Anastasius III. 2 912 60 Lando m. 6. 912 61 Joannes XI 15 928 62 Leo VI. m. 6 929 63 Stephanets VIII 2 931 64 Joannes XII 5 936 65 Leo VII 4 940 66 Stephanus IX 3 943 67 Martinus III. 3 946 68 Agapeius II. 9 956 69 Joannes XIII 8 964 70 Leo VIII 1 965 71 Benedicta V. 1 966 72 Joannes XIV 973 73 Benedictu VI m â— 974 74 Domnus li. 1 m. 3 975 75 Bonifaâ—ius VII 1 976 76 Benedictus VII 8 984 77 Joannes XV. 1 985 78 Joannes XVI 10 995 79 Joannes XVII m. 4 996 80 Gregorius V. 3 999 81 Silvester II. dictus Necromaâ—ticus 4 1003 82 Joannes XVIII m. 5 1003 83 Joannes XIX 6 1009 84 Sergius IV. 3 1012 85 Benedictus VIII 12 1024 86 Joannes XX. 8 m. 9 1033 87 Benedictus IX 12 1045 88 Silvester III. m. 1 1045 89 Benodictus X. m. 1 1045 90 Gregorius VI. 1 m. 7 1047 91 Clemens II. m. 9 1047 92 Damasus II. d. 23 1049 93 Leo IX 5 1055 94 Victor II. 2 1057 95 Stephanus X. 1. m. 6 1059 96 Nicolaus II. 2. m. 6 1062 97 Alexander II. 11 1073 98 Gregorius VII dictus Hildebrandus 12 1088 99 Victor III. 1 1087 100 Urbanus II. 12 1099 101 Paschalis II. 18 1118 102 Gelasius II. 1 1119 103 Calistus II. 6 1125 104 Honorius II. 5 1130 105 Innocens II. 13 1143 106 Celestin II. m. 5 1144 107 Lucius II. m. 11 1145 108 Eugenius III. 8 1153 109 Anastasius IV. 1 1154 110 Adrian IV. 4 1159 111 Alexand. III. 22 1181 112 Lucius III. 4 1185 113 Urban III. 2 1187 114 Gregorius VIII m. 2 1188 115 Clemens III. 3 1191 116 Celestine III. 6 1198 117 Innocent III. 17 1216 118 Honorius III. 10 1227 119 Gregorius IX 14 1241 120 Celestin IV. d. 17 1243 121 Innocent IV. 11 1254 122 Alexander IV. 6 1261 123 Urbanus IV. 3 1265 124 Clemens IV. 3 1271 125 Gregorius X. 14 1275 126 Innocent Vâ—m 5 1276 127 Adrian V. d. 19 1276 128 Joannes XXI d. 8 1277 129 Nicolaus III. 4 1281 130 Martinus IV. 4 1285 131 Honorius IV. 4 1288 132 Nicolaus IV. 4 1294 133 Celestin V. m. 6 1295 134 Bonifacius VIII 8 1303 135 Benedictus IX m. 8 1305 136 Clemens V. 9 1316 137 Joannes XXII 18 1334 138 Benedict X. 7 1342 139 Clemens VI. 10 1352 140 Innocent VI. 10 1362 141 Urban V. 8 1371 142 Gregorius XI 7 1378 143 Urban VI. 11 1389 144 Boniface IX 14 1404 145 Innocent VII 2 1406 146 Gregorius XII 2 1409 147 Alex. V. m. 10 1410 148 Joannes XIII 5 1417 149 Martin V. 13 1431 150 Eugenius IV. 16 1447 151 Nicolaus V. 8 1455 152 Callistus III. 3 1458 153 Pius II. antè dictus Aeneas Silvius 6 1464 154 Paulus II. 7 1471 155 Sixtus IV. 12 1484 156 Innocent VIII 7 1492 157 Alexander VI. 11 1053 158 Pius III. d. 26 1503 159 Julius II. 10 1513 160 Leo X. 9 1522 161 Adrian VI. 2 1524 162 Clemens VII 10 1534 163 Paulus III. 15 1550 164 Julius III. 5 1555 165 Marcellus II. d. 22 1555 166 Paulus IV. 5 1560 167 Pius IV. 6 1567 168 Pius V. 5 1572 169 Gregorius XIII 13 1585 170 Sixtus V. 5 1590 171 Urbán VII d. 12 1590 172 Gregorius XIV m. 9 1591 173 Innocent IX m. 1. 1592 174 Clement VIII 13 1605 175 Leo XI d. 26 1605 176 Paulus V. 16 1621 177 Greg. XV. 2 1623 178 Urban VIII 21 1644 179 Innocent X. now living To these 179 Popes adde the 65 Bishops which preceded that arrogant title of Universall and they make up the full number of 244. How many are to come he must be a cunning man that can determine And yet such cunning men there have been who have determined positively but withall Prophetically of the number of Popes by name S. Malachie one of the first Apostles of the Irish Nation very much honoured by that people to this very day Of whom there is remaining in Massinghams collection of the Irish Saints a certain number of Mottos in the Latin tongue agreeable to the nature or chief accidents of as many Popes successively to one another according to the order of those severall Mottos and thereunto this Prophecie annexed that when so many Popes had sate in S. Peters Chair either the World should end or thâ— Popedom sail The Book was shewed to me by the Author when I was at Paris and the Popes names in order joyned to every Motto as far as to the time of Urban who last deceased which I compared as well as my memory would serve me and found the Mottos and the Popes to be very answerable The Motto for Pope Urban which I took most notice of was Lilium Rosa a Motto very suitable to the principall Action which was like to happen in his time being the conjunction of the English Rose and the French Lilie in the Mariage of Charles K. of England and Madam Henrietta Maria the Princess of France which that Pope earnestly promoted in his speedy and cheerfull granting of the Dispensation And to take from me all suspition of Imposture this Massingham shewed me an old Book written by one Wion a Flemming and printed near 200 years before his Collection in which the Mottos stood as in his they did and comparing the Mettos with a printed Catalogue of the Popes I found the name of Urban and that Motto to jump even together From Urban downwards there remained as I now remember 36 Mottos more to come by consequence if this Malachie were as true a Prophet as one Malachie was just so many Popes and then the Popedom to be ruined or the World to end But I hope God for his Elects sake will abridge those
Hierusalem and Earl of Provence 1385. 5 Lewis III. Duke of Anjou and Earl of Provence and Maine titularie King of Sicil Naples and Hierâ—salem 1416. 6 Lewis IV. successour to his Father in Estate and Titles 1430 7 Roâ—è the Brother of Lewis by the adoption of Qu. Ioan the 2d was for a while possessed of Naples but presently outed by Alfonso of Aragon and died the titularie K. of Naples Sicil and Hierusalem the Father of Queen Margarite Wife of Henry the sixt Duke of Bar in right of Violant his Mother 1480. 8 Charles Earl of Maine Nephew to Renè by his 3d Brother Charles at his decease left Anjou and all the rest of his Estates to King Lewis the 11th Anno 1481. Since which never otherwise aliened than as an honourarie title of the third Sonne of France It is to be observed here according to our method in other places that Renè King of Sicil c. and Duke of Anjou instituted an Order of Knighthood called of the Croissant the Knights whereof carried a Crescent or Half-Moon on their right Armes with this motto L'Os en Croissant encouraging them thereby to seek the increase of valour and reputation The Arms of this Dukedom were France a Border Gules 7 LA BEAUSSE LA BEAUSSE is bounded on the East with France specially and primarily so called and part of Champagne on the West with Anjou Maine Tourein and some part of Berry on the North with Normandie and on the South with Bourbonois and the rest of Berry It is called Belsia in Latine Writers both names derived from the pleasantness and beauties of it The Principall Nations of the whole in the time of the Romans were the Carnutes which inhabited the greatest part and the Samnitae neer the Loire part of Gallia Celtica and cast into the Province of Lugdunensis quarta by the Emperour Constantine Divided by the French into the Higher the Lower and the Intermediate 1 The HIGHER BEAUSSE is that part which lieth next to Normandie of which the principall Towns are 1 Dreux seated upon the River Eureux supposed to be the Seat of the antient Druides who held here their Parliaments or Sessions for administration of Justice The title and inheritance of that Peter of Dreux who succeeded Arthur the Sonne of Geofrie Plantagenet in the Earldom of Bretagne 2 Montfort an Earldom the title and estate of Iohn Earl of Montfort surnamed the Valiant who succeeded in the Dukedom of Bretagne by the Aid of the English Anno 1341. 3 Chartres called antiently Carnutum Civit as but by Ptolomie Antecum seated upon the Eureux also from whence the Countrey hereabouts was called Le Pais Chartrain A Bishops See and one of the Videmates of France Which honour as it is peculiar to the French onely so Milles in his Edition of Glovers Catalogue of Honour will have but four at all in France viz those of Amiens Chalons Gerberoy and this of Chartres But certainly in France there are many more of them as at Rhemes Mans c. and formerly as many as it had Bishops the Vicedominus or Vidame being to the Bishop in his Temporals as the Chancellour in his Spirituals or as the Vice Comites Viscounts were antiently to the Provinciall Earls in their Courts of Judicature 2 The LOWER BEAUSSE is that which lieth towards Bourbonois and is subdivided into Selogne and Orleanois In SOLOGNE which lieth close to Burbon the chief places of note are 1 Romorantin seated on the Soâ—lâ—re the chief Town of this Tract 2 Mallenzay 3 La Ferte or La Ferte S. Bernard of which nothing memorable In ORLEANOYS which lieth more Northwards upon the River of Loire are 1 largean a Town once of very great strength and one of the out-works of Orleans 2 Cleri called also Cleri of Nostre-dame from the Church there built unto our Ladie 3 Tury and 4 Angerville both in the ordinary Road betwixt Parâ—s and 5 Orleans the principall Citie of all Beausse called Genabum in the time of Caesar repaired or rather new built by the Emperour Aurelius Anno 276 from thence named Aurelia the Countrey round about it Aurelianensis now Orleans and Orleanoys The Countrie generally very fruitfull and yeelding a most excellent and delicious Wine Which for the strength and intoxicating power thereof is banished the French Kings Cellar by especial Edict The City very pleasantly seated on the River Loyre well built situate in a sweet Air and planted with a civil and ingenious People who are said to speak the best language of any in France For a time it was the chief Seat of a distinct Kingdom according to the unprovident humour of the Meroâ—iguians the lot of 〈◊〉 Sonne of Clovis the Great and Guntram Sonne of Clotaire both Kings of Orleaâ—s as also was Theodorick the second Sonne of Câ—ildebert King of Mets on the death of Gunthram But Sigibert his Sonne being vanquished by Clotaire the second this Kingdom extending to the shores of the Aquitaine Ocean was added unto that of France Orleans since that time content with a lower title hath of late often times with greater prudence been made the honorarie title of the second Sonnes of France called Dukes hereof It is a See Episcopal a Bailly-wick or Seige Praesidial and an Vniversitie The See Episcopal founded in the Church of St. Crosse miserably ruined by the Hugonots in the civil Warrs out of meer hatred to the name The 〈◊〉 Praesidical setled here by King Henry the 2d 1551. for the ease of his Subjects of these parts in sutes not worth the troubling of the Courts of Paris The Vniversitie erected by King Philip le Bel An. 1312 though to speak properly it be an Hall only for the reading of the Civil Lawes the only learning there professed and for that considerable A Town now not of so great strength as in former times when for some moneths it held out against the whole power of the English rescued from them at last by the valour of Ioan the Virgin whose Statua like a man of Arms is still preserved on the Bridge-gate of this Citie neer which great Montacute E. of Salisburie had his fatal blow The MIDDLE or intermediate BEAVSSE lieth betwixt the former in which the places of chief note are 1 Blois seated also on the Loire in a sound air and fruitful Countrie the Nurserie for the most part of the Kings Children for that cause much resorted to by the Nobilitie and honoured sometimes with the residence of the Kings themselves it being in the Councel-Chamber of the Kings house here that Henry of Lorrein Duke of Guise the chief contriver of the terrible Massacre at Paris and Authour of the holy League was slain by the command of King Henry the 3d Anno 1589. 2 Chastean-Dun the chief Town of the Earldom of Dunois the honour and estate of Iohn Earl of Dunois commonly called the Bastard of Orleans one of the best Souldiers of his time and so approved by
with Catharine Daughter and sole Heir of Gaston Sonne of Gaston Earl of Foix and of Leanora Princess of Navarre added to his Estate the Signeuries of Bearn Foix and Begorre And Henry of Albret his Sonne by marying the Lady Margaret Sister of King Francis the first united to it those of Armaignac and Comminges By Iean the Daughter of this Henry the whole Estate was brought to Antonie of Bourbon Duke of Vendosme and Father to King Henry the 4th becoming so united to the Crown of Frauce from which it was at first dismembred The Arms of these Earles were Quarterly 1 France 2 Gules a Border ingrailed Arg The 3d c. 7 As for the Countrie of AGENOIS the last part of Gascoigne it never had other Lords after it left off to be French than the Dukes of Aquitaine The principall Cities of it 1 Agen a rich populous and well-traded Town seated on the Garonne in a fruitfull Countrie A Bishops See a Seneschalsie and held to be the fairest in Gascoigne 2 Condon a Bishops See also from which the parts adjoyning are called Condonnois 3 Villeneufne 4 Claerac 5 Marmand 6 Foy c. Thus having took a brief view of those severall members which made up the great bodie of the Dukedom of Aquitaine let us next look on the Estate of the whole thus brought together which in the declination of the Roman Empire was given unto the Gothes before possessed of all Gallia Narbonensis by Valentinian the 3d as a reward for their service in driving the Alani out of Spain Long the Gothes had not held it when they were outed of it by Clovis the fifth King of the French continuing under his Successors till Ludovicus Pius made it a Kingdom and gave it unto Pepin his youngest Sonne But Charles and Pepin the Sonnes of this Pepin being dispossessed by Charles the Bald it was by him conferred on Arnulph of the house of Burgundie for his many good services against the Normans Anno 844. Whose Successors take here in this order following The Dukes of Aquitaine 844. 1 Ranulph of Burgundy first Duke of Aquitaine 875 2 William Earl of Auvergne Nephew of Ranulph 902. 3 Ebles Earl of Poictou succeeded in Aquitaine and Auvergne by the Will and Testament of Duke William 911. 4 Ebles II. Sonne of Ebles the first 935. 5 Wâ—lliam II. the Sonne of Ebles the second 970. 6 William III. Sonne of William the second 1019. 7 Guy the Sonne of William the third 1021. 8 William IV. Sonne of Guy 1086. 9 William V. Sonne of William the fourth 1156. 10 Lewis the seventh of France in right of Eleanor his Wife sole Heir of William the fifth 1152 11 Henry Duke of Normandie and Earl of Anjou c. in right of Eleaâ—or his Wife divorced from Lewis on pretence of some consanguinity after King of England 1169. 12 Richard King of England the Sonne of Henry 1199. 13 Iohn King of England the Brother of Richard who forfeiting his estates in France on a judiciall sentence pronounced against him for the supposed murther of his Nephew Arthur Duke of Bretagne Aquitaine and the rest of the English Provinces were seized on by the French Anno 1202. But notwithstanding this Arrest the English still continued their pretensions to it till at the last it was agreed betwixt King Lewis the 9th of France and Henry the 3d of England Anno 1259. That the English should rest satisfied with Guienne the bounds whereof were to be the Pyrenees on the South and the River of Charente on the North comprehending therein also the Countrie of Limosin and that on his investiture into this estate he should relinquish all his rights in Normandy Aujou Tourein Maâ—â—e In consideration whereof he should have 150000 Crowns in readie money On this accord the Kings of England became Homagers to the Crown of Fraâ—ce which sometimes they omitted sometimes did it by Proxie but never in person till Philip de â—aloâ—s required it of K. Edw. the third and because such duties are not personally done by Soveraign Princes Du Serres shall describe the formality of it The place designed for this exploit was the Church of Amiens to which Edward came saith he with such a Train as was entended rather to the honour of himself than the French King Royally attired he was with a long Robe of Crimson Velvâ—t powdred with Leopards of Gold his Crown upon his head his Sword by his side and Golden spurres upon his heels Philip attended by the chief Officers of the Realm sat upon his Throne apparelled in a long robe of purple Velvet powdred with Flower de Lyces of Gold his Crown upon his head and the Scepter in his hand Vicount Melun the great Chamberlain of France commanded Edward to take off his Crown sword and spurres and to kneel down which he did accordingly Then taking both his hands and joyning them together he said unto him You become a Liege man to the King my Master who is here present as Duke of Guienne aud Peer of France and promise to be faithfull and loyall to him say yea and Edward said yea and arose But the Historian notes withall that Philip paid dearly for this Pageant the young King never forgetting the indignity which was put upon him till he had made France a field of blood And here it is to be observed that though the Kings of England by this new investiture were entituled Dukes of Gâ—ienne onely yet they had all the power and privileges of Dukes of Aquitaine excepting the homage of the great Lords and Earls of Gascoigne which formerly belonged unto them Insomuch as Richaâ—d the second though Duke of Guienne onely in stile and title invested his Vncle John of Gaunt in that brave estate under the stile and title of Duke of Aquitaine summoned to Parliament by that name by the said King Richard From this Accord betwixt the Kings the English had posession of the Dukedom of Guienne according to the order of their Successions from the 40th of King Henry the third Anno 1259 to the 29th of King Henry the sixth Anno 1452 the intercalation of John of Gaunt excepted onely when outed of all their old rights in France rather by the good fortnne than by the valour of Charles the seventh the English then divided in Domestick Factions and not at leisure to look after the affairs of France Nor doe I find that Guienne beeing thus recovered was ever dismembred from that Crown but when King Lewis the 11th assigned it over to his Brother the Duke of Berry to take him off from joyning with the Dukes of Bretagne and Burgundie in a new â—onfederacy who held it but two years and died the last Duke of Guienne The Arms of this Dukedom were Gules a Leopard or Lyon Or which joyned to the two Lyons of Normandy make the Arms of England 13 LANGUEDOC LANGUEDOC is bounded with the Pyrenaean hils the Land of Roâ—sillon and the Mediterranean on the South on the North
his Forces mnst be very great and would be greater than they are but that they dare not trust the common People with the use of Arms for fear they should refuse to pay the accustomed Taxes or forsake their Trades or turn their Farms back upon their Landlords But for an 〈◊〉 of what a French King is able to doe in this kind It is said that Charles the 9th in Garrisons and severall Armies in the field had 15000 Horse and 100000 Foot of his own Nation besides 50000 Horse and Foot of Swisses Germans and others And for his standing Forces it is said by others that he is able to bring into the field for a sudden service no less than 60 Companies of Men of Arms 20 Cornets of Light-Horse and five Companies of harquibusiers on horse-back which amount to 10000 in the totall together with 20 Ensignes of French Foot and 40 of Swâ—sses and yet leave his Garrisons well manned and his Forts and Frontires well and sufficiently defended What the Revenues are in a State so subject to the will and pleasure of the King it is hard to say being also more or lesse as the times and their occasions vary according unto which the Revenues of this Crown have much altered Lewis the 11th gathered one Million and a half of Crowns Francis the first brought them to 3 Millions his successor Henry the 2d to six Charleâ— the 9th to seven Henry the 3d to ten afterward they were inhanced to fifteen And in the time of Henry the 4th the Treasurer of the Duke of Mayenne did not shame to say That his Master had more improved the Revenue of France than any King had done before him advancing it from two to five Millions Sterling A fair Intrado but far short of those infinite sums which are extorted from the People whereof a tenth part comes not cleerly to the Kings Exchequer But what need more be said than that of Lewis the 11th who used to say that France was a Medow which he mowed every year and as often as he listed and indeed their Impositions cannot but be great since there are no less than 30000 under-officers imployed to gather them Hence I beleeve sprung that wish of Maximilian the Emperour which was that he if it were possible might be a God and that having two Sons the eldest might be a God after him and the second King of France And this was also the cause that in the Wars between Charles the fift and Francis the first when the Emperours Herald had bid defiance to the Kingâ— from Charles Emperour of Germany King of Castile Leon Aragon and Naâ—les Arch-duke of Austria c. with the rest of his titles The King commanded the Heralds to return the challenge from Francis King of France commanding them to repeat France as many times as the other had petty Earldoms in his stile And to say truth considering the compactedness thereof within it self the admirable fertility of the soyl the incredible multitudes of People and the conveniency of situation betwixt Spain Italy and Germany the name of France might ballance all the others titles The chief Orders of Knighthood in this Kingdom were first of the Gennet founded by Charles Martel Mayr of the French Palace and so called either from Jane his Wife as Haillan would have it or from the Gennets of Spaine over whom he triumphed at the battell of Tours as Bellay writeth It ended in the dayes of S. Lewis The Knights of the order wore a Ring wherein was engraven the form of a Gennet 2 Of the 〈◊〉 or twelve Peers so called quasi pares inter se said to be instituted by Charles the Great in his Wars against the Saracens Six of these were of the Clergy 1 The Archbishop and Duke of Rhemes 2 the Bishop and Duke of Laon 3 the Bishop and Duke of Langres 4 the Bishop and Earl of Beavâ—â— 5 the Bishop and Earl of Nayon and 6 the Bishop and Earl of Chaulons and six others of the temporalitie 1 The Duke of Burgundy 2 Duke of Normandy 3 Duke of 〈◊〉 4 Earl of Tholouse 5 Earl of Champagne 6 Earl of Flanders These are they so much memoriz'd in the Legends of the old French Writers but falsly and on no good ground it being impossible that those should be of the foundation of Charles the Great in whose time there were none of those Dukes and Earls except the Earl of Tholouse onely Therefore with better reason it may be thus concluded on that the twelve Peers were instituted by Charles the Great though that honour not by him appropriated unto any particular Estates and Titles but left at large to be disposed of according to the personal merit of the best deservers it being most sure that neither Rowland nor Oliver nor Duke Naâ—mes nor Ogier the Dane had any of the titles abovementioned But for the fixing of this dignitie in the Dukedoms and Earldoms before named it is said by some to have been done by Hugh Capet other referre it to Lewis the 7th in whose times all those Dukes and Earls were in Rerum natura But by whomsoever first ordained the Temporall Paâ—rrâ—â—â— are extinct and others of no definite number created by the Kings as they see occasion to gratifie a well deserver Onely at Coronations and such publick Triumphs the custom is to choose some principall persons out of the Nobility to represent those Temporall Peers as at the â—orona ion of Lewis the 13th the places of the Temporall Peers were supplied by the princes of 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 the Earl of Soissons the Dukes of Nevers Elbeuf and Espernon the Ecclesiasticall Peers remaining as at first they were So that though Charles the Great might devise this Order and institute the first twelve Peers as is commonly said yet was not that high honour fixed in any of those Temporall Princes till the times succeeding but given to men of severall houses according to the Kings pleasure and their well deservings 3 Of the 〈◊〉 begun by John King of France Anno 1352. They wore about their necks a coâ—lar of gold at the which hanged a Star the word Monstrant Regibus astra vâ—am This Order was dâ—graced by his Sonne Charles in communicating it to his Guard and so it ended 4 Of S. Michael instituted by King Lewis the eleventh Anno 1469 It consisted first of 36 Knights which afterward were augmented to 300. The Habit of the Order was a long Cloak of white Damask down to the ground with a border interwoven with Cockle-shells of gold interlaced and â—urred with Ermines with an hood of crimson Velvet and a long tippet About their necks they wore a collar woven with Cockle-shels the word Immensi tremor Oceani It took the name from the picture of Saint Michael conquering the Devill which was annex'd to the collar Some think that the invocation of S. Michael was in allusion unto the tenth of Daniâ—â— Others say he took S. Michael in regard of an
Switzerland and Denmark Some doe acknowledge a kind of subjection but the Princes of them come not to the Imperiall Diets as the Dukes of Savoy and Lorrain and some of the Italian Potentates Finally some both confesse the Emperour to be their Soveraign and that they owe service to his Courts which are the Princes and Cities of Germany onely but those so priviledged so exempted from his commands so absolute and incontrollable in their own estates that they care little for his power and not much if any thing for his person of which we shall speak more hereafter when we come unto the form of the publick Government In the mean time if we would know by what occasions the Empire became so infeebled it may be said that the reasons and occasions of it have been very many As the first the weaknesse and improvidence of the Caroline race dismembring from it many powerfull and wealthy Provinces reserving onely a bare Homage and some slight acknowledgement 2ly The cunning of the Popes who knowing that they could not wax strong in Italy if they did not weaken the Emperours estate in Germany first wrested out of their hands the Investitre of the Bishops Abbots and other Ecclesiasticall preferments who being now made their owne creatures were so increased both in revenue and power by little and little and fortified with so many immunities that some of them grew in time to be Free Estates all of them Princes of the Empire 3ly But fearing that this might not bring the Emperours low enough they baited them with continuall factions and peâ—petuall broils which put them to a necessity of making what friends they could though they paid very dearly for them and taking up what moneys they could of the wealthier Cities paying them in exemptions and Royall priviledges when they could not otherwise cancel or discharge the debt 4ly And unto this the making the Empire Elective gave no little help few of them looking on the Empire but as Tenants of it for term of life and therefore were more likely to discharge such debts by impairing the Publick Patrimonie which they had no hold in then to diminish any thing of their own estates 5 ly But being the title of Emperour was the greatest honour which any of that Nation could be capable of and such as by good husbandry might be made beneficiall unto their posterity as we see what good uses have been made of it by the Austrian family ever since the time of Rodolph of Habspurg who would not part with some of the Imperiall rights to advance his owne house to an equall greatnesse 6ly A thing which the Electours understood sufficiently and therefore were resolved to make the best of the market knowing that the commodity could be bought of none but themselves as in the Election of Wenceslaus sonne of Charles the 4th of whom it was but ask and have what they had a minde to By these and every of these meanes the Body of the Empire came to be divided into many Estates and those Estates to be made absolute and independent as before is said The principall whereof which being described will make up the Chorographie of this great Continent are those of 1. Cleveland 2. of the Estates of the three spirituall Electors 3. the Palatinate of the Rhene 4. Alsatia 5. Lorrain 6. Suevia or Schwallen 7. Bavaria 8. Austria and its appendixes 9. The confederation of Wederaw 10. Farnconia 11. Wittenberg and 12. Baden 13. the Palatinate of Northgoia or the Vpper Palatinate 14. Bohemia and the incorporate Provinces 15. Pomerania 16. Mâ—cklenberg 17. the Marquisate of Brandenberg 18. Saxonie and the Members of it 19. the Dukedomes of Brunswick and Lunenburg 20. the Lantgravedom of Hassia 21. VVestphalen 22. Eastfriseland Such lesser States as being absolute and free are of lesser moment shall be reduced together with the Imperiall Cities to those severall Provinces in which they are included or out of which they were taken As for the Province of Holstein or Holsatia though it be Imperiall and in which respect by some accounted as a Province of Germany yet being under the command of the King of Denmark and by all Writers reckoned as a part of that Kingdom I shall there speak of it Some of these are thus censured by Aubanus a late writer They of Suevia saith hee are whores they of Franconia Ravishers and Buggers they of Bohemia Heretiques those of Bavaria Theeves they of Saxony Drunkards they of Friseland and Westphalia Swearers and they of the Palatinate Gluttons But I hope more charitably of them all then so I know there is another division of this Countrey made by the Emperour Maximilian at the Diet of Colen anno 1522. who for the better raising both of men and money for all Publick services caused it to be divided into the ten Circles of 1. Lower Saxony 2. Vpper Saxony 3. VVestphalia 4. of the Rhene 5. of the four Electours of that part 6. Franconia 7. Suevia 8. Bavaria 9. Austria and 10. Burgundie But that before proposed being the more particular I shall follow that according to the order before laid down beginning first with those which together with the Belgick Provinces and the Dukedome of Lorrain contained antiently the Provinces of Belgica and Germania prima and some part of Germania secunda and made up the Kingdome of Austrasia strictly and specially so called CLEVELAND CLEVELAND or the Estates of the Duke of Cleve before dismembred and divided betwixt the Competitors for the Dukedome on the death of the last Duke hereof anno 1609. contained the Dukedomes of Clâ—ve Gulick and Berg and the Earldome of Mark or March all lying in a ring together And though these two last lye on the other side of the Rhene and so not properly within the old prccincts of the Kingdome of Lorrain or any of the Roman Provinces before named yet being they belonged all to the same Prince not parted by the interposition of other Countries they shall be handled here together as the same Estate 1. The Dukedome of CLEVF properly and distinctly so called hath on the East the Countries of Mark and Berg with some part of VVestphalen on the West Guelderland and some part of Limbourg on the North the Earldome of Zutphen and the land of Overyssell and on the South Gulick and the land of Colen So called from Cleve the chief town of it The Countrey very fruitfull both for Corn and pasturage well stocked with Cattell of all sorts for necessarie use and pleasure good store of Fowle both tame and wilde blessed also with an healthy air and in a word with all things needfull for the life of man well watered with the Rhener the Roer the Dussell the Ezfat and the Nirsi common to this and the rest of the incorporate Provinces Places of most importance in it are first Cleve in Latine Clivia so called because built on the sides of three little hils which the Latines call Clivi gently
head thereof 3 Rotenbourg on the East side of the Inn bordering on Bavaria 4 Traunshaim upon the river Traun rising out of the Lakes 5 Wildesmet one of the farthest Northwards and 6 Bishops-stoffe one of the most Southern in all this tract The first Inhabitants of Bavaria excluding the District of Saltsburg were the Vindelici as aforesaid a people so resolvedly bent to maintain their freedome against the incroachments of the Romans that when Drusus the son-in-law of Augustus and father of Germanicus Caesar made war upon them the very women thereof took the alarm deficientibus telis infantes in ora militum adversa miserunt and when their darts were spent threw their young infants saith the Historian at the heads of the Romans After them in the declining of the Empire succeeded the Bojarians some of the many tribes of the Boji the most diffused and the multitudinous nation of Gaul and Germanie Originally of Gaul inhabiting in the Dukedom of Bourbon from whence some of them passed with the Senones and others of the Gauls to the further side of the Alps in respect of them where they tooke up the Countrie near the head of the Po. Wearied with long wars against the Romans and by them deprived of half their Country some of them passed into Germanie and mingled themselves with the Taurisci then dwelling in those parts which we now call Stiermark others advancing further thrust themselves into the Norici of whom more anon and some retired themselves into the shelters and fast places of the Hircinian Forrest Driven from this last by the Marcomanni they fell into the countries of the Hermaâ—duri and Norisci now the Vpper Palatinate who mingling into one Nation with them took the name of Bojarians and by that name first known in the time of Clovis the fift King of the French by whose perswasion in the 17 year of Anastasius Emperor of the East they passed over the Danow and possessed themselves of Vindelicia or the second Rhaetia with some part of Noricum to which they gave the name of Bojaria as before was signified Governed first by Kings as all Nations were of whom we meet with none but Aldigerius and he the last of that race slain fighting on the side of the Almans against the French at the great battell of Zulp near Colen after which made subject to the Conquerours as their neighbours and confederates the Almans were but suffered to live under the command and government of their own Princes by the name of Dukes Of these from Theudo the son of Aldigerius to Tassilo the last Duke outed of his estate and honours by Charls the Great for conspiring with the Lombards against him are reckoned fifteen Dukes in all whose names for there remaineth little of them but the emptie names we shall subjoine in the ensuing Catalogue of the DUKES of the BOJARIANS 493 1 Theodo son of Adalgerius the last King from whose younger brother Vtilo descended Pâ—pin the Father of Charls the Great 511 2 Theodo II. surnamed the Great 537 3 Theodebert 4 Theodo III. the first Christian Prince of the Bojarians 565 5 Tassilo son of Theodebert 598 6 Garibaldus 612 7 Theodo IV. 630 8 Tassilo II. 650 9 Theodo V. 10 Theodebert II. 11 Theodo VI. son of Grimoldus the brother of Theodebert the second 708 12 Grimold 13 Hugobert brother of Grimold 735 14 Vtilo 765 15 Tassilo III. the last Duke of the Bojarians Of whom more anon Amongst these few of any note but 1 Theodo the first son of Adalgerius who abandoning the name of King because lesse pleasing to the French who had newly conquered them assumed that of Duke and passing over the Danow extorted the whole Province of Rhaetia secunda with part of Noricum from the Romans anno 508. or thereabouts 2 Theodo the second named the Great for his great and many victories against the Romans whom he outed of all Noricum and Vindelicia and whatsoever they held on the Dutch side of the Alps. 3 Theodo the 3. of that name and the 4. in number of the Dukes converted with his people to the Christian Faith by the preaching of Rupertus before mentioned anno 580. 4 Tassilo the 3. of that name and the last of their Dukes of the race of Adalgerius or of the old Bojarian bloud who being deposed by Charls the Great the whole countrie became immediately subject to the French governed at first by their Lieutenants Dismembred from the French Empire by Lewis the Godly it was made a Kingdom Pannonia being added and united to it by whom conferred on Lotharius his eldest son who was afterwards Emperour of the Romans after his death possessed by the Kings of Germanie but as a distinct Kingdom both in name and title till the decease of Lewis the son of Arnulph the last of the direct line of Charls the Great He being dead and the Bavarians loth to be made a subject Province to the Kingdome of Germanie one Arnulph of the issue of the said Charls with the generall liking of the Bojarians took upon himself the title of King but being opposed therein by Conrade the brother of Lewis Emperour and King of Germanie as also by Henry the first who succeeded he changed the title of King into that of Duke the Founder of the present house of The DUKES of BAVARIA 1 Arnulph of the house of Charls the Great first Duke of Bavaria 2 Eberhard son of Arnulph deposed by Otho the 1. 3 Berchthold the brother of Arnulph confirmed in the estate by the said Emperour Otho After his death this Dukedome was transferred for 17 successions from one great Familie to another according to the power and pleasure of the present Emperour in manner following 4 Henry brother of Otho the 1. 5 Henry II. son of the former Henry 6 Henry III. surnamed the Saint son of Henry the 2. the first Emperour who came in by election according to the Order made by Pope Gregory the 5. 7 Henry IV. surnamed Hezzel brother to Cunegund the renowned wife of Henry the Saint by whom preferred to this Dukedom and by him deposed 8 Henry Guelph son of Robert Earl of Altorfe in Schwaben of the strange Originall of which Familie we shall speak in Saxonie made Duke by the Emperour Conrade the 2. 9 Guelpho son of Henry Guelph or Henry the 5. 10 Ernest created Duke hereof by the same Conrade the 2. by whom deposed again for conspiring against him 11 Henry VI. 12 Cuno accused of conspiracie and displaced by Henry the 3. to make room for 13 Henry VII son of the said Emperour Henry the 3. whom he succeeded in the Empire by the name of Henry the 4. 14 Agnes the mother of the said Henry the 4. by the gift of her son 15 Otho by the gift of the Emperesse Agnes deposed not long after by Henry the 4. 16 Welpho III. son of Coniza the daughter of Guelph the 2 by Azon an Italian Marquesse madâ— Duke
and Princes of Germanie began to think of some expedient to compound the businesse Being inclined to Luthers doctrines and willing to advance himself unto this Estate he secretly practised with Sigismund the first of Poland to end the war to the advantage of both parties By whom at last it was agreed that Albert should relinquish his Order and surrender all Prussia into the hands of the King that the King possessing the Western parts with the town of Mariemberg and the soveraignty of Dansk and Melvin should invest Albert with the title of Duke of Prussia estating on him and the heirs of his bodie the whole Eastern Moietie containing the Provinces or Dukedoms before specified and finally that Albert and his heirs should hold the said Estate as Homagers to the Crown of Poland taking place in all Assemblies at the Kings right hand According to this agreement anno 1525. Albert attired in the compleat Habit of Master of the Dutch Order presents himself humbly on his knees before King Sigismund at Cracow the King then sitting on his Throne The King raising him from the ground caused him to put off those robes and attire himself in a Ducall Habit which done an instrument was read and published whereby the King conferred upon him and the heirs of his body the Dukedome of Prussia to be held of him and his successours Kings of Poland An act at which the whole Order were extremely incensed but they could not help it and thereupon retired into Germanie where there were some good lands left to maintain such of them as had no mind to quit that militarie honour leaving their old Estates in Prussia to the King and the Duke whose successors have hitherto enjoyed their part of it with the Title of DUKES of PRUSSIA 1525 1 Albert Brandenbourg son of Frederick Marquesse of Onalsbach or Ansbach created Master of the Order by the Emperour Maximilian anno 1511. and the first Duke of Prussia by Sigismund the first of Poland anno 1525. founded the Universitie of Coningsberg anno 1544. 1563 2 Albert Frederick son of Albert the first Duke marryed Mary Eleanor daughter of William Duke of Cleve Gulick Berg c. 3 Anne Eldest daughter of Duke Albert Frederick Dutchesse of Prussia brought the Estate in marriage to 4 John Sigismund Marquesse and Elector of Brandenburg confirmed therein by Sigismund the 3. of Poland pretending an Escheat thereof for want of heirs males of the bodie of Albert the first Duke 5 George William Marquesse and Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia in right of the Lady Anne his mother and of Cleve Gulick Berg c. by descent from Mary Eleanor his Grandmother 6 Frederick William son of George William Marquesse and Elector of Brandenburg Duke of Prussia Cleve Gulick and Berg of whose investiture in the Dukedome of Pomeren and other large and goodly Signeuries we have spoke elsewhere As for the Government of this Province standing thus divided that of the Duke is more Monarchicall then that of the King the one being absolute and uncontrollable in his Estates the other subject to the great Councell of Poland If any difference grow between them Delegates appointed by the King but taking a new Oath to doe equall justice either at Mariemberg or Elbing do compound the businesse who together with some others of the Dukes nomination receive all Appeals in which the Duke is interessed as one of the parties The Revenues of this Dukedome are thought to be 120000 Ducats yearly The Armes thereof are Argent an Eagle Vert Membred and Crowned Or langued Gules 10 POLAND POLAND properly and specially so called is bounded on the East with Massovia Podlassia and Lituania on the West with Silesia and the Marquisate of Brandenburg on the North with Prussia and on the South with the Sarmatian or Carpathian Mountains which divide it from Hungarie It is in length 480 Italian miles 300 of the same miles in breadth and took this name as afore is said from the word Pole signifying as much as plain the Countrie being plain and levell little swelled with hils The Air hereof is pure and healthy but sharp and cold the Countrie plain shaded with thick dark woods parts of the Hercynian full of wild beasts for hunting and of Bees for honey which they have here in great abundance together with such plenty of grain but of Rie especially by reason of the continuall breaking up of new grounds gained out of the Forrests that it may be called the Granarie or Store-house of the Western parts of Europe sent down the Wixel unto Dantzick and thence transported by the Merchant into other Countries according to their severall wants The Character of the people we have had before adding now only that in matters of war they are stout and resolute so forwards in giving the charge and pursuit of the enemie that John Vasiâ—wich the Great Duke of Moscovie comparing them with the Souldiers of his own Dominions was wont to say that the Moscovites wanted a spur to drive them forwards and the Polanders had need of a bridle to hold them back Their language is the Sclavonian tongue most generally spoken also in the rest of the Provinces but with some difference in the dialect or pronunciation It is divided commonly into two parts the Greater and the Lesser Poland The Greater lying wholly on the Western side of the Wixel and so accounted anciently as part of Germanie contains 9 divisions under the jurisdiction of the 9 Palatines of 1 Posna 2 Kalisch 3 Siradia 4 Lancitia 5 Vratislaw 6 Brestus 7 Rava 8 Ploczko and 9 Dobrzin each of them so called from some Town of note The chief whereof and of the rest contained in them are 1 Posna a Bishops See and the principall of the Greater Poland seated amongst hills on the River Warta built of free-stone with very large Suburbs beyond the River but much subject unto inundations which adde much strength unto the place of great resort by reason of the Marts or Fairs holden twice a year 2 Koscien situate amongst Marishes and â—ortified with a double wall 3 Ostresow bordering on Silesia begirt with woods 4 Guesna the antientest town of Poland founded by Lechus their first Prince the seat of him and his successours till removed to Cracow situate in Kalisch and by old prescription the first place for the inauguration of the Kings of Pole in regard that here Prince Boâ—â—slaus the first King received the Regall Diadem at the hands of Otho the third The town well-walled and the See of the Archbishop who is the Primate of the kingdome by antient priviledge the Popes Legat for all Sarmatia Europaea and in the absence of the King or interregnums the Vicar Generall of the kingdome having power to summon the Diets to conclude and publish their Decrees 5 Petrocow a walled Town in the Palatinate or division of Siradia situate in a moorish soyle the place in former times of the Generall Diets since removed
so admirable in the generall course of learning so universally comprehensive of all Arts and Sciences that the best witted Grecian might have been his scholar and thought it a great happinesse as King Philip did that they had any children but to be tutored by him The principall Rivers hereof besides Erigon and Aliaemon spoken of before are 1 Axius now called Vardari rising out of the hill Scaraius a branch of Mount Aemus and passing through the whole extent of this Country into Sinus Thermaicus or the Golfe of Thessalâ—niea as it is now named the fairest River of those parts and of sweetest waters but such as maketh all the cattell black which drink of it 2 Chabris 3 Echedorus both rising out of the mid-land Countries and both falling into the same Bay also Besides which there are three other fair and capacious Bayes ascribed to Macedon though two of them belonging properly to Mygdonia that is to say Singeticus now Golfe di Monte Sacro and Toronicus now the Golfe or Bay of Aiomama and the third common unto Thrace also which is Sinus Strimonicus now the Bay of Contesso Towns of most observation in it according to the severall Regions and parts hereof were for the Almopes 1 Hormia called afterwards Seleucia 2 Europus of which name there were four in Macedon 3 Apsalus Of Syntice 4 Tristolus 5 Paroeaecopolis 6 Gariscus 7 Heraclea for distinction called Heraclea Syntica there being many others of that name in Greece In Edonis bordering towards Terace 8 Scotusa 9 Berga 10 Amphipolis on the River Strymon with which encompassed whence it had the name seated so close on the edge of Thrace that it is questionable to which of them it belongs of right once garrisoned by the Athenians and from them took by Philip the Macedonian in the first rise of his fortunes 11 Crenides bordering on Thrace also and by some Writers laid unto it but I thinke erroneously repaired and beautified by Philip before mentioned by whom called Philippi situate in a Country so rich in mines of gold that the said Philip drew thence yearly 1000 talents which make 600000 French Crowns or 140000 l. of our English money Afterwards made a Roman Colonie and accounted the chief Citie of Macedonia as appeareth Acts 16. 12. to the people of which S. Paul writ one of his Epistles Next in Emathia we have 12 Tyrissa in the midlands bordering upon Thessalie now called Ceresi 13 Aedessa called afterwards Aegeas and now Vodena the first town of all this country taken by Caranaus the founder of the first race of the Kings of Macedon 14 Beraea on Sinus Thermaicus honoured with the preaching of Paul and Silas the Citizens whereof are by S. Luke commended for their readinesse in receiving the Gospell 15 Pella on the same Bay also the birth-place of Alexander the Great from hence called Juvenis Pellaeus 16 Pydna upon the same Bay at the influx of the River Aliacmon in which Cassander besieged and took Olympias the mother Râ—xane the wise and Hercules the heir apparent of Alexander all whom he barbarously murdered This cruelty he committed partly to revenge himself of Alexander who had once knocked his head and the wall together and partly to cry quit with Olympias who had before as cruelly murdered Aridaeus the base son of Philip and Eurydice his wife with whom Cassander was supposed to be over-familiar Memorable also is this Town for the great battell fought near it betwixt Perseus the last King of Macedon and P. Aemilius the Consul in which Perseus having shamefully deserted his Armie lost both the battell and his Kingdome with no lesse then 20000 of his foot which were therein slain the Romans having so cheap a victory that it cost them not above an hundred or sixscore men 17 Dium not far from the hill Olympus and about a mile from the Sea of which mile the River Helicon becoming there a Lake and called Baphyrus taketh up one halfe situate in the borders towards Thessalie the way unto it out of the Tempe being strait and narrow and almost impassable by reason of the spurs of the Mountains running overthwart it which had it been well defended by the Macedonians would have kept their Country from the Romans who that way attempted it But Perseus hearing that the Enemy had got into Tempe only took care to get his treasure out of Dium and so abandoned both the passage and the town together 18 Phylace more within the land as is 10 Eribaea But these four last are in that part hereof which is called Pieria 3 MYGDONIA hath on the East the Aegean Sea on the West Macedon properly and specially so called on the North Edonis and Sinus strimonicus on the South Sinus Thermaicus or the Golse of Thessaâ—nica So that it is almost a Peninsula environed on three sides with water Here is in this Country the hill Athos standing in a Peninsula the Isthmus being once cut thorow by Xerxes but since closed again said to be 70 miles in circuit 3 dayes journey long half a dayes in breadth resembling the shape of a man lying with his face upwards the highest point whereof covered perpetually with snow is said to cast a shadow as far as Lemnos Exceeding fruitful in grasse fruit oil and wine and wondrous plentifull in hares according to that of Ovid Quot Lepores in Atho quot Apes pascuntur in Hybla How many Hares in Athos feed What swarms of Bees on Hybla breed Inhabited only by Greek Monks whom they call Caloires of the order of S. Basil to whom the hill commonly called the Holy Mountain hath been long since dedicated the place being so priviledged by the Grand Signeur that neither Turke nor Grecian may inhabit in it except such Grecians only as professe this life Of these there are about 6000 dispersed in 42 Monasieries built after a militarie manner for fear of Theeves and Pyrats wherewith much infested in times past frequented with great concourse of people coming thither to behold and adore some Relicks for which they are of much esteem the tree oblations of those Pilgrims and some benevolence from the Turks which do much respect them being the chief means of their subsistence The manner of their life is like that of the ancient Hermits poorly clad their shirts of Woollen which they both spin and weave themselves none of them idle at any time doing still somewhat for their lively-hood and the advancement of the house of which they are as dressing vines felling timber yea and building ships few of them giving themselves to study and some of them of so grosse an ignorance that they can neither write nor read bound by their Order to lodge and entertain such strangers as have occasion to passe that way according to their rank and calling and that of free cost if it be desired Towns of most note according to the severall Regions and parts hereof are for Mygdonia specially and properly so called 1 Antigonia so
had this people none for the killer of a King both of them conceiting that men were not so unnatural as to commit such crimes A Thief they judged not to death but adjudged him to be slave to that man whom he had robbed till by his service he had made satisfaction A course more merciful and not less just then the loss of life Chief towns hereof 1 Leon or Leon de Nicaragua situate on the Lake aforesaid the Residence of the Governour and the Bishops See built in a sandy soil and begirt with woods 2 Granada on the same Lake sixteen leagues from Leon beautified with a fair Church and a strong Castle both founded by Ferdinando de Cordova the City seated in a liberal and wealthy soyl well furnished with Sugar-canes for the refining of which here are many Work houses which they call Ingenios 3 Segovia distant from the former about 30 leagues rich in veins of Silver 4 Jaen all called according to the names of some Towns in Spain situate at the end of the Lake aforesaid from whence by a long and narrow channel it dâ—â—â—mboguâ—th into the Sea neer the Port of S. John 5 Realeio about a league distant from the Port of Possession in the Latitude of 12 degrees 40 minutes inhabited for the most part by Shipwrights and Mariners 6 Nicoia giving name to a little territory within the bounds whereof standeth 7 Avarines also 8 Cartago 40 leagues from Nicoia equally distant from both Seas on each of which it hath a convenient Port this Town the principal of that part which is called Costa Rica 6 VERAGVA hath on the West Costa Rica on the East bounded with the District of Panama washed on both other sides by the sea extended 50 leagues in length from West to East not above 25 where narrowest from one sea to the other The name given to it from the River Veragua of greatest note in it at the first Discovery The â—oil hereof Mountainous and exceeding barren not fit for tillage and less usefull in feeding Cattel sufficiently provided of Maize and Pot-herbs but else of little necessary for the life of man unless the People could eat Silver or drink Aurum Potabile Of both which Mettals but especially of Gold here are such never-perishing Mines that the Spaniards think them able to supply all wants and cure all Diseases Once being asked what made them so greedy of that Mettall it was answered That they were much troubled with grief of heart for which Gold was a most Soveraign Medicine And as the Country such the People hardy couragious and warlike and such as bear the Spanish yoke with great impatience the stoutest and most untameable People being bred most commonly in Mountainous and woody Countries Chief Rivers of this little Province 1 Veragua which gives name unto it 2 Belen by the old Inhabitants called Yebra at the mouth of which Columbus purposed to have setled a Spanish Colony for the better transporting of his Gold But finding that the Channel on the ceasing of some rain which had fallen before was become so shallow that no ship could go in or out he gave over that purpose 3 La Trinidad 4 La Conception all falling into Mare del Nort. Their chief Towns 1 Conception on the Mouth of that River the seat of the Governour 2 La Trinidad on the banks of that River neer the Port of Belen and six Leagues Eastwards of La Conception 3 S. Foy oppidum S. Fidis twelve Leagues from Conception on the South where the Spaniards melt and cast their Gold into Bars and Ingots 4 Carlos not far from the shores of Mare del Zur 5 Philippina on the West of Carlos Each seated on a large and capacious Bay Before which Bays lie a Frie of Islands which the Spaniards call Zebaco from the chief amongst them Thirty in all the principall Zebaco Cabaio S. Marie S. Martha inhabited in former times now not much frequented the People being dragged into the Continent to work in the Mines This Countrey oweth its first Discovery unto divers men according to the several Members and divisions of it The last in order being the first that was discovered but the last that was conquered had the honour to be visited by Columbus himself VVho driving up and down these coasts in the year 1502 hit on the entrances of the River which afterwards he caused to be called Belen where hearing that there was plenty of Gold in the Mines of Hurira not far off he intended to fortifie But the River falling him as was said before and finding nothing fit to sustain his men he bent himself though unwilling to a further search He had before touched upon Honduras also but I finde not that he landed on it the setling of these Countries being destinated to another hand Twenty yeers after this the most fortunate Cortez having fully quieted and composed the affairs of Mexico resolved to make his Master Lord of the rest of America And to that end sent out his Officers and Commanders into severall parts by Pedro de Alvarado he subdued Guatimala Hondura by Christopher de Olid Veragua and Nicaragua by Consalvo de Corduba But fearing lest the conquered Provinces might revolt again he resolved to visit them in person Attended by a choise Band of 150 horse and as many foot and 3000 Mexicans he began his journey in October 1524 and held on his progress as far as to Truxillo where finding that Gonsales de Cordova had so plaid his game as there was no neccssity of going further he made a stand having marched above 400 Leagues with his little Army Returning back another way in April 1526. he came home to Mexico with whose return we conclude also our survey of the Northern Peninsula containing all America Septentrionalis or Mexicana And so much for Mexicana OF PERVANA PERVANA the other of the two great Peninsulas into which the vast Continent of the NEW WORLD doth now stand divided hath the form of a Pyramis reversed more answerably thereunto then Africk though that so resembled Joyned to the other by a strait and narrow Isthmus called the Straits of Darien whereof we shall have opportunity to speak more anon which looks but like a stone mis-laid in so great a building or the first step by which we are to climb the top as in other Pyramids The name derived from Peru the chief Province of it the Circumnavigation said to be 1700 miles Nothing else to be said in the general but what will serve more fitly for particular places except it be the description of some prime Mountains and principall Rivers which being of too long a course to be reckoned unto any one particular Province may more properly deserve place here Of these the chief 1 Orellana or the River of Amazons called by the first name from Francisco de Orellana a Spaniard who first discovered it by the second from the Amazons a kinde of stout and warlike VVomen who are said