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opinion_n holy_a scripture_n word_n 2,200 5 4.1068 3 true
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A58173 Miscellaneous discourses concerning the dissolution and changes of the world wherein the primitive chaos and creation, the general deluge, fountains, formed stones, sea-shells found in the earth, subterraneous trees, mountains, earthquakes, vulcanoes, the universal conflagration and future state, are largely discussed and examined / by John Ray ... Ray, John, 1627-1705. 1692 (1692) Wing R397; ESTC R14542 116,553 292

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compare_v together_o if_o we_o desire_v to_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o what_o shall_v befall_v the_o christian_a church_n or_o state_n in_o time_n to_o come_v this_o text_n which_o i_o have_v make_v choice_n of_o for_o my_o subject_n be_v part_n of_o a_o prophecy_n concern_v the_o great_a of_o all_o event_n the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o world_n 2_o peter_z three_o 11._o see_v then_o all_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v dissolve_v what_o manner_n of_o person_n ought_v we_o to_o be_v in_o all_o holy_a conversation_n and_o godliness_n chap._n i._n the_o division_n of_o the_o word_n and_o doctrine_n contain_v in_o they_o with_o the_o head_n of_o the_o follow_a discourse_n these_o word_n contain_v in_o they_o two_o part_n 1._o a_o antecedent_n or_o doctrine_n all_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v dissolve_v 2._o a_o consequent_a or_o inference_n thereupon_o what_o manner_n of_o person_n ought_v we_o to_o be_v the_o doctrine_n here_o only_o brief_o hint_v or_o summary_o propose_v be_v lay_v down_o more_o full_o in_o the_o precedent_a verse_n but_o the_o day_n of_o the_o lord_n will_v come_v as_o a_o thief_n in_o the_o night_n in_o which_o the_o heaven_n shall_v pass_v away_o with_o a_o great_a noise_n and_o the_o element_n shall_v melt_v with_o fervent_a heat_n the_o earth_n also_o and_o the_o work_n that_o be_v therein_o shall_v be_v burn_v up_o these_o word_n be_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o interpreter_n ancient_a and_o modern_a understand_v of_o the_o final_a destruction_n or_o dissolution_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n in_o which_o sense_n i_o shall_v choose_v rather_o to_o accept_v they_o at_o present_a than_o with_o the_o reverend_n and_o learned_a dr._n hammond_n and_o some_o few_o other_o to_o stem_v the_o tide_n of_o expositor_n and_o apply_v they_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o jerusalem_n and_o the_o jewish_a polity_n i_o say_v then_o that_o this_o world_n and_o all_o thing_n therein_o contain_v shall_v one_o day_n be_v dissolve_v and_o destroy_v by_o fire_n by_o heaven_n and_o earth_n in_o this_o place_n the_o most_o rational_a interpreter_n of_o scripture_n do_v understand_v only_o the_o whole_a compage_n of_o this_o sublunary_a world_n and_o all_o the_o creature_n that_o be_v in_o it_o all_o that_o be_v destroy_v by_o the_o flood_n in_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n and_o be_v now_o secure_v from_o perish_v so_o again_o that_o i_o may_v borrow_v dr._n hammond_n word_n in_o his_o annotation_n on_o this_o place_n and_o again_o the_o word_n heaven_n say_v he_o be_v a_o equivocal_a word_n be_v use_v either_o for_o the_o superior_a heaven_n whether_o empyreal_a or_o ethereal_a or_o for_o the_o sublunary_a heaven_n the_o air_n as_o the_o word_n world_n be_v either_o the_o whole_a compage_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o inferior_a or_o else_o only_o of_o the_o sublunary_a low_a world_n we_o may_v here_o resolve_v that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d heaven_n and_o host_n or_o element_n thereof_o be_v 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about_o and_o effect_v by_o natural_a or_o by_o extraordinary_a mean_n and_o instrument_n and_o what_o those_o mean_n and_o instrument_n shall_v be_v 3._o whether_o shall_v the_o dissolution_n be_v gradual_a or_o sudden_a 4._o whether_o shall_v there_o be_v any_o sign_n and_o forerunner_n of_o it_o 5._o at_o what_o period_n of_o time_n shall_v the_o world_n be_v dissolve_v 6._o how_o far_o shall_v this_o conflagration_n extend_v whether_o to_o the_o ethereal_a heaven_n and_o all_o the_o host_n of_o they_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n or_o to_o the_o aereal_a only_a 7._o whether_o shall_v the_o heaven_n and_o earth_n be_v whole_o dissipate_v and_o destroy_v or_o only_o refine_v and_o purify_v chap._n ii_o the_o testimony_n of_o scripture_n concern_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o world_n 1._o then_o let_v we_o consider_v what_o we_o find_v deliver_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n concern_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o world_n and_o first_o of_o all_o this_o place_n which_o i_o have_v make_v choice_n of_o for_o my_o text_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n the_o most_o clear_a and_o full_a as_o to_o this_o particular_a in_o the_o whole_a scripture_n and_o will_v give_v light_n for_o the_o solution_n of_o most_o of_o the_o propose_a question_n v._o 10._o the_o day_n of_o the_o lord_n shall_v come_v as_o a_o thief_n etc._n etc._n this_o answer_v the_o three_o question_n whether_o the_o dissolution_n shall_v be_v gradual_a or_o sudden_a wherein_o the_o heaven_n shall_v pass_v away_o with_o a_o great_a noise_n and_o the_o element_n shall_v melt_v with_o fervent_a heat_n the_o earth_n also_o and_o all_o the_o work_n that_o be_v therein_o shall_v be_v burn_v up_o and_o again_o v._o 12._o wherein_o the_o heaven_n be_v on_o fire_n shall_v be_v dissolve_v and_o the_o element_n shall_v melt_v with_o fervent_a heat_n this_o answer_v the_o second_o question_n what_o the_o mean_n and_o instrument_n of_o this_o dissolution_n shall_v be_v v._o 13._o nevertheless_o we_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n look_v for_o a_o new_a heaven_n and_o a_o new_a earth_n wherein_o dwell_v righteousness_n this_o give_v some_o light_n towards_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o last_o question_n whether_o shall_v the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v whole_o burn_v up_o and_o destroy_v or_o only_o renew_v and_o purify_v these_o word_n as_o clear_o as_o they_o seem_v to_o refer_v to_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o dr._n hammond_n doubt_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o remarkable_a destruction_n of_o jerusalem_n and_o the_o jewish_a state_n he_o thus_o paraphrase_v they_o v._o 10._o but_o the_o day_n of_o the_o lord_n will_v come_v as_o a_o thief_n in_o the_o night_n in_o which_o the_o heaven_n shall_v pass_v away_o with_o a_o great_a noise_n and_o the_o element_n shall_v melt_v with_o fervent_a heat_n and_o the_o earth_n also_o and_o the_o work_n that_o be_v therein_o shall_v be_v burn_v up_o but_o this_o judgement_n of_o christ_n so_o remarkable_a on_o the_o jew_n shall_v now_o short_o come_v and_o that_o very_o discernable_o and_o the_o temple_n shall_v sudden_o be_v destroy_v the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o burn_v and_o the_o city_n and_o people_n utter_o consume_v v._o 11._o see_v then_o all_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v dissolve_v what_o manner_n of_o person_n ought_v you_o to_o be_v in_o all_o holy_a conversation_n and_o godliness_n see_v then_o this_o destruction_n shall_v thus_o involve_v all_o and_o now_o approach_v so_o near_o what_o a_o engagement_n do_v this_o lay_n upon_o we_o to_o live_v the_o most_o pure_a strict_a life_n that_o ever_o man_n live_v v._o 12._o look_v for_o and_o hasten_v unto_o the_o come_n of_o the_o day_n of_o god_n wherein_o the_o heaven_n be_v on_o fire_n shall_v be_v dissolve_v and_o the_o element_n shall_v melt_v with_o fervent_a heat_n look_v for_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n for_o our_o deliverance_n and_o by_o our_o christian_a live_v quicken_a and_o hasten_v god_n to_o delay_v it_o no_o long_o that_o come_v of_o his_o i_o say_v which_o as_o it_o signify_v great_a mercy_n to_o we_o so_o it_o signify_v very_o sharp_a destruction_n to_o the_o whole_a jewish_n state_n v._o 13._o nevertheless_o we_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n look_v for_o new_a heaven_n and_o a_o new_a earth_n wherein_o dwell_v righteousness_n instead_o of_o which_o we_o look_v for_o a_o new_a christian_a state_n wherein_o all_o provision_n be_v make_v by_o christ_n for_o righteousness_n to_o inhabit_v according_a to_o the_o promise_n of_o christ_n concern_v the_o purity_n that_o he_o shall_v plant_v in_o the_o evangelical_n state_n how_o he_o make_v out_o and_o confirm_v this_o paraphrase_n see_v in_o his_o annotation_n upon_o this_o place_n so_o confident_a be_v he_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o his_o interpretation_n that_o he_o censure_v the_o usual_a one_o as_o a_o great_a mistake_n in_o his_o annotation_n on_o
writer_n have_v probable_o infer_v that_o all_o the_o river_n in_o the_o world_n together_o do_v daily_o discharge_v half_a a_o ocean_n of_o water_n into_o the_o sea_n i_o must_v confess_v myself_o to_o be_v unsatisfied_a therewith_o i_o will_v not_o question_v their_o calculation_n but_o i_o suspect_v they_o be_v out_o in_o their_o hypothesis_n the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n edmund_n halley_n that_o spring_n and_o river_n owe_v their_o original_a to_o vapour_n condense_v on_o the_o side_n of_o mountain_n rather_o than_o unto_o rains_n i_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v very_o ingenious_a ground_v upon_o good_a observation_n and_o worthy_a of_o its_o author_n and_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v in_o part_n true_a in_o those_o hot_a country_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o near_o it_o where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n the_o vapour_n be_v more_o copious_o exhale_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o likely_a carry_v up_o high_a in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n the_o 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to_o which_o the_o aqueous_a vapour_n of_o themselves_o ascend_v and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o the_o air_n be_v so_o cold_a and_o rarify_v as_o to_o retain_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o those_o vapour_n that_o shall_v be_v bring_v thither_o by_o the_o wind_n those_o vapour_n therefore_o that_o be_v raise_v copious_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o the_o wind_n be_v carry_v over_o the_o low_a land_n to_o those_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n be_v there_o compel_v by_o the_o stream_n of_o the_o air_n to_o mount_v up_o with_o it_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o the_o water_n present_o precipitate_v gleet_v down_o by_o the_o cranny_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o part_n of_o the_o vapour_n enter_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o hill_n the_o water_n thereof_o gather_v as_o in_o a_o alembick_a into_o the_o basin_n of_o stone_n it_o find_v ●_o which_o be_v once_o fill_v all_o the_o overplus_n o●_n water_n that_o come_v thither_o run_v over_o by_o the_o low_a place_n and_o break_v 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and_o make_v a_o search_n after_o the_o cornua_fw-la ammonis_fw-la find_v one_o of_o the_o true_a nautilus_n shape_n cover_v in_o some_o place_n with_o a_o shelly_a incrustation_n with_o the_o diaphragm_n to_o be_v see_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o volutae_fw-la and_o in_o each_o diaphragm_n the_o hole_n by_o which_o they_o communicate_v one_o with_o another_o by_o a_o string_n or_o gut_n in_o the_o fish_n this_o be_v of_o a_o very_a hard_a stone_n and_o large_a size_n weigh_v at_o least_o twenty_o eight_o pound_n though_o some_o part_n be_v break_v off_o another_o argument_n that_o they_o have_v no_o relation_n to_o the_o common_a nautili_n be_v that_o they_o break_v into_o piece_n somewhat_o resemble_v vertebre_n as_o i_o be_v first_o advise_v by_o the_o fore_n remember_v mr._n lloyd_n and_o have_v since_o note_v myself_o i_o also_o receive_v from_o that_o very_a ingenious_a and_o inquisitive_a gentleman_n happy_a in_o make_v natural_a discovery_n mr._n william_n cole_n of_o 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shelly_a diaphragm_n be_v very_o visible_a in_o this_o respect_n they_o do_v resemble_v nautili_n though_o for_o their_o figure_n they_o be_v much_o different_a and_o of_o a_o distinct_a genus_fw-la i_o never_o break_v any_o of_o the_o keinsham_n stone_n but_o of_o those_o find_v about_o whitby_n in_o yorkshire_n many_o but_o can_v not_o observe_v in_o they_o any_o shell-like_a diaphragm_n only_o they_o break_v into_o such_o piece_n as_o i_o mention_v before_o and_o my_o dear_a and_o much_o honour_a friend_n dr._n tancred_n robinson_n write_v i_o that_o he_o have_v break_v several_a cornua_fw-la ammonis_fw-la but_o can_v never_o find_v any_o diaphragm_n or_o valve_n in_o they_o though_o he_o confess_v mr._n woodward_n show_v he_o one_o with_o such_o in_o his_o curious_a collection_n of_o petrifaction_n so_o that_o these_o diaphragm_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o the_o sort_n of_o they_o but_o if_o they_o be_v find_v in_o some_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a presumption_n that_o 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thus_o in_o cowley_n common_a in_o oxfordshire_n we_o meet_v only_o with_o the_o gibbous_a not_o the_o flat_a shell_n of_o the_o petrified_a oyster_n and_o so_o of_o the_o escallop-stone_n in_o the_o quarry_n near_o shotover_n which_o if_o they_o have_v once_o be_v the_o shell_n of_o oyster_n and_o escallop_n have_v scarce_o be_v thus_o part_v to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o argument_n be_v not_o necessary_o conclusive_a because_o there_o may_v possible_o be_v some_o reason_n of_o it_o though_o we_o know_v it_o not_o nor_o can_v easy_o imagine_v any_o the_o like_a answer_n may_v be_v return_v to_o his_o next_o argument_n three_o because_o say_v the_o doctor_n i_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n satisfy_v myself_o how_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o case_n these_o body_n have_v once_o be_v mould_v in_o shell_n some_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n shall_v be_v find_v in_o bed_n as_o the_o conchites_n at_o langley_n charlton_n adderbury_n an●_n other_o scatter_v as_o at_o 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manner_n of_o salt_n by_o shoot_v or_o crystallization_n but_o concern_v the_o clay_n cockle_n i_o say_v with_o the_o civilian_n ampliandum_fw-la but_o to_o give_v these_o argument_n their_o due_n though_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a proof_n yet_o they_o infer_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o probability_n and_o shrewd_o urge_v and_o shake_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n the_o other_o argument_n the_o doctor_n allege_v admit_v a_o plausible_a solution_n except_v such_o as_o we_o have_v already_o touch_v and_o give_v as_o good_a a_o answer_n to_o as_o either_o the_o matter_n will_v admit_v or_o we_o be_v able_a to_o give_v to_o the_o first_o that_o there_o be_v find_v stone_n resemble_v shellfish_n that_o stick_v to_o rock_n i_o answer_v that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v by_o accident_n be_v rub_v off_o the_o rock_n they_o stick_v to_o or_o thrust_v off_o by_o bird_n insinuate_v their_o bill_n between_o the_o shell_n and_o rock_n to_o feed_v upon_o their_o meat_n but_o by_o what_o mean_v 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aristotle_n and_o rondeletius_n d●_n not_o evince_v for_o though_o in_o some_o sea_n the●_n may_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o in_o other_o be_v they_o plentiful_a enough_o in_o our_o own_o sea_n at_o llandwyn_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n we_o may_v reasonable_o conjecture_v they_o be_v more_o plentiful_a than_o the_o common_a echini_n any_o where_o with_o we_o because_o we_o find_v more_o of_o their_o shell_n cast_v up_o there_o on_o the_o shore_n than_o of_o the_o echini_n in_o any_o shore_n about_o england_n nay_o so_o common_a be_v they_o there_o that_o even_o the_o vulgar_a have_v take_v notice_n of_o they_o and_o impose_v a_o name_n upon_o they_o call_z they_o mermaid_n head_n and_o though_o their_o bristle_n or_o prickle_n be_v but_o small_a yet_o be_v they_o not_o few_o or_o thin_a set_n as_o rondeletius_n say_v how_o the_o snakestone_n about_o huntly-nab_n and_o whitby_n in_o yorkshire_n come_v to_o be_v include_v in_o globular_a or_o centricular_a stone_n be_v not_o difficult_a to_o make_v out_o for_o the_o cliff_n thereabouts_o be_v allume-stone_n or_o i_o wherein_o these_o snakestone_n lie_v the_o sea_n in_o springtide_n and_o tempestuous_a weather_n undermine_v and_o throw_v down_o part_n of_o the_o shore_n or_o cliff_n which_o by_o the_o fall_n break_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o ophiomorphus_fw-la stone_n be_v hard_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o cliff_n be_v break_v off_o from_o it_o by_o the_o fall_n or_o its_o volutation_n in_o the_o sea_n afterward_o with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o cliff_n or_o allume-stone_n stick_v to_o each_o side_n of_o it_o where_o it_o be_v concave_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o figure_n and_o striae_fw-la can_v easy_o part_v from_o it_o last_o to_o dissemble_v nothing_o i_o have_v myself_o observe_v some_o cockle-stone_n to_o have_v seem_o different_a impression_n or_o striae_fw-la upon_o the_o same_o superficies_n which_o phaenomenon_n it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o i_o have_v also_o observe_v a_o large_a stone_n almost_o as_o hard_o as_o marble_n that_o be_v so_o mark_v every_o where_o throughout_o with_o the_o impression_n of_o cockle_n and_o their_o striae_fw-la so_o cross_v one_o another_o in_o every_o part_n of_o it_o that_o if_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o shell_n amass_v together_o by_o a_o stony_a cement_n those_o shell_n must_v have_v before_o their_o concretion_n be_v break_v into_o infinite_a small_a piece_n or_o fragment_n scarce_o any_o remain_v entire_a which_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o any_o flood_n or_o work_v of_o the_o sea_n can_v possible_o effect_v so_o i_o have_v finish_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v concern_v this_o suppose_a effect_n of_o the_o deluge_n the_o bring_n in_o of_o shell_n and_o scatter_v they_o all_o over_o the_o dry_a land_n but_o yet_o i_o must_v not_o dismiss_v this_o particular_a till_o i_o have_v say_v something_o to_o a_o objection_n that_o present_o occurr_v to_o any_o one_o who_o consider_v this_o matter_n the_o water_n of_o the_o flood_n have_v be_v supply_v partly_o by_o rain_n partly_o by_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o great_a deep_a and_o not_o by_o any_o irruption_n or_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n how_o can_v any_o sea-shell_n at_o all_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o it_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o great_a deep_a communicate_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o water_n rise_v up_o out_o of_o the_o subterraneous_a abyss_n the_o sea_n must_v needs_o succeed_v else_o will_v there_o have_v be_v a_o empty_a space_n leave_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o the_o shellfish_n may_v as_o well_o come_v in_o this_o way_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o by_o a_o inundation_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o fish_n in_o the_o lake_n of_o carniola_n call_v the_o zirchnitzer_n see_v do_v descend_v annual_o under_o gro●nd_n through_o many_o great_a hole_n in_o the_o bottom_n and_o return_v again_o by_o the_o same_o hole_n to_o all_o this_o i_o may_v add_v that_o into_o the_o land_n near_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o low_a hill_n these_o shell_n may_v in_o part_n be_v bring_v by_o particular_a flood_n of_o which_o many_o we_o read_v of_o &_o more_o possible_o than_o be_v record_v in_o any_o history_n may_v have_v happen_v since_o the_o general_a deluge_n hence_o the_o chief_a champion_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o mock-shell_n be_v not_o difficult_a to_o grant_v that_o in_o some_o country_n and_o particular_o along_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n there_o may_v all_o manner_n of_o shell_n be_v find_v promiscuous_o include_v in_o the_o rock_n or_o earth_n and_o at_o good_a distance_n too_o from_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o dr._n lister_n repeat_v and_o approve_v by_o dr._n plot._n but_o this_o will_v not_o serve_v their_o turn_n for_o we_o have_v before_o prove_v that_o in_o the_o middle_a part_n and_o near_o the_o centre_n of_o our_o own_o country_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o sea_n viz._n in_o oxfordshire_n there_o be_v find_v not_o only_o shell-like_a stone_n but_o real_a shell_n or_o mock-shell_n as_o some_o esteem_v they_o for_o figure_n colour_n weight_n consistency_n or_o any_o other_o accident_n not_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o true_a shell_n and_o that_o not_o such_o as_o have_v be_v accidental_o scatter_v there_o but_o dig_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n in_o plenty_n and_o of_o fish_n that_o be_v rare_o find_v in_o our_o sea_n pattern_n whereof_o be_v send_v ●e_n by_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n lloyd_n who_o i_o hope_v will_n ere_o long_o gratify_v the_o curious_a by_o publish_v a_o general_a catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o form_v stone_n find_v in_o england_n and_o his_o remark_n upon_o they_o and_o i_o have_v likewise_o prove_v by_o good_a authority_n that_o beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o
answer_v that_o for_o the_o futurity_n of_o such_o a_o estate_n we_o have_v the_o best_a authority_n in_o the_o world_n to_o wit_n the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o universal_a tradition_n 1._o the_o holy_a scripture_n who_o authority_n to_o be_v more_o than_o humane_a have_v be_v by_o many_o so_o clear_o and_o convince_o demonstrate_v that_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o for_o grant_v and_o not_o waste_v time_n to_o prove_v it_o the_o testimony_n herein_o contain_v concern_v eternal_a happiness_n and_o misery_n be_v so_o clear_a and_o full_a that_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o impossible_a without_o manifest_a distortion_n to_o elude_v or_o evade_v the_o force_n of_o they_o some_o we_o have_v already_o recite_v and_o may_v produce_v many_o more_o isa_n 33.14_o who_o among_o we_o shall_v dwell_v with_o the_o devour_a fire_n who_o among_o we_o shall_v dwell_v with_o everlasting_a burn_n dan._n 12.2_o and_o many_o of_o they_o that_o sleep_n in_o the_o dust_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v awake_v some_o to_o everlasting_a life_n and_o some_o to_o shame_n and_o everlasting_a contempt_n 2_o thess_n 1.9_o who_o shall_v be_v punish_v with_o everlasting_a destruction_n from_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n speak_v of_o they_o who_o know_v not_o god_n and_o obey_v not_o the_o gospel_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n isa_n 66.24_o for_o their_o worm_n shall_v not_o die_v neither_o shall_v their_o fire_n be_v quench_v what_o more_o common_a notion_n among_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n than_o of_o elysium_n and_o tartarus_n the_o one_o to_o reward_v good_a man_n the_o other_o to_o punish_v wicked_a which_o as_o appear_v by_o what_o we_o have_v quote_v out_o of_o lucretius_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v eternal_a state_n the_o origenist_n and_o other_o that_o can_v be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o catholic_n doctrine_n of_o the_o eternity_n of_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o damn_a make_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o which_o the_o latin_a aevum_fw-la be_v derive_v to_o signify_v sometime_o a_o determinate_a time_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v prove_v by_o many_o example_n and_o so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o we_o translate_v for_o ever_o signify_v when_o apply_v to_o this_o matter_n a_o long_a indeed_o but_o yet_o a_o finite_a time_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o we_o render_v for_o ever_o and_o ever_o may_v likewise_o signify_v not_o a_o eternal_a duration_n but_o a_o time_n to_o which_o some_o term_n may_v be_v set_v by_o god_n though_o to_o we_o unknown_a in_o the_o same_o sense_n they_o accept_v the_o adjective_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o long_a but_o finite_a time_n but_o i_o be_o of_o s._n augustine_n opinion_n that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d do_v in_o the_o new_a testament_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o aeternus_fw-la in_o latin_a and_o be_v appropriate_v to_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o end_n and_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o ever_o and_o ever_o do_v in_o like_a manner_n always_o denote_v eternal_a or_o endless_a duration_n that_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d when_o apply_v to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o damn_a do_v signify_v eternal_a s._n augustine_n well_o demonstrate_v from_o the_o antithesis_fw-la in_o that_o place_n of_o matth._n 25.46_o and_o these_o shall_v go_v away_o into_o everlasting_a punishment_n but_o the_o righteous_a into_o life_n eternal_a where_o it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n attribute_v to_o that_o life_n which_o be_v the_o reward_n of_o the_o righteous_a and_o that_o fire_n which_o be_v the_o punishment_n of_o the_o damn_a there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o same_o verse_n when_o apply_v to_o opposite_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o a_o different_a sense_n but_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o christian_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o bless_a shall_v be_v eternal_a therefore_o so_o must_v the_o punishment_n of_o the_o damn_a be_v too_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o eternal_a or_o endless_a when_o it_o refer_v to_o the_o state_n of_o those_o miserable_a person_n receive_v a_o further_a and_o strong_a confirmation_n from_o the_o second_o particular_a we_o propose_v that_o be_v universal_a tradition_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n among_o the_o heathen_a which_o must_v needs_o descend_v down_o to_o they_o by_o tradition_n from_o the_o ancient_n that_o eternal_a punishment_n await_v the_o wicked_a after_o death_n of_o this_o the_o epicurean_a poet_n lucretius_n be_v a_o sufficient_a and_o unexceptionable_a witness_n for_o he_o live_v before_o our_o saviour_n time_n can_v not_o derive_v it_o from_o any_o other_o source_n he_o make_v the_o fear_n of_o these_o punishment_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o misery_n of_o humane_a life_n and_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o religion_n aeternas_fw-la quoniam_fw-la poenas_fw-la in_o morte_fw-la timendum_fw-la and_o because_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o aeternas_fw-la may_v signify_v only_o of_o long_a continuance_n to_o put_v the_o matter_n out_o of_o all_o doubt_n in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v nam_fw-la si_fw-la nullum_fw-la finem_fw-la esse_fw-la putarent_fw-la aerumnarum_fw-la homines_fw-la nulla_fw-la ratione_fw-la valerent_fw-la relligionibus_fw-la atque_fw-la minis_fw-la obsistere_fw-la vatum_fw-la but_o if_o it_o once_o appear_v that_o after_o death_n there_o be_v neither_o hope_n nor_o fear_n then_o man_n may_v free_o triumph_v then_o disdain_v the_o poet_n tale_n and_o scorn_v their_o fancy_v pain_n but_o now_o we_o must_v submit_v since_o pain_n we_o fear_v eternal_a after_o death_n we_o know_v not_o where_o and_o that_o this_o opinion_n and_o belief_n general_o prevail_v among_o the_o people_n before_o epicurus_n his_o time_n the_o same_o lucretius_n testify_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o first_o book_n humana_fw-la ante_fw-la oculos_fw-la foedè_fw-la cum_fw-la vita_fw-la jaceret_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la oppressa_fw-la gravi_fw-la sub_fw-la relligione_fw-la etc._n etc._n primùm_fw-la graius_fw-la homo_fw-la etc._n etc._n long_o time_n man_n lay_v oppress_v with_o slavish_a fear_n religion_n tyranny_n do_v domineer_v which_o be_v place_v in_o heaven_n look_v proud_o down_o and_o fright_v abject_a spirit_n at_o her_o frown_n at_o last_o a_o mighty_a one_o of_o greece_n begin_v t'assert_v the_o natural_a liberty_n of_o man_n by_o senseless_a terror_n and_o vain_a fancy_n lead_v to_o slavery_n straight_o the_o conquer_a phantom_n flee_v for_o he_o make_v as_o we_o see_v before_o the_o fear_n of_o eternal_a pain_n and_o misery_n to_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o religion_n 1._o now_o because_o these_o objector_n do_v represent_v religion_n to_o themselves_o and_o other_o as_o a_o melancholic_a and_o disconsolate_a thing_n and_o think_v and_o say_v that_o those_o that_o enter_v into_o this_o state_n must_v bid_v adieu_o to_o all_o the_o pleasure_n of_o sense_n and_o taste_v no_o sweetness_n in_o any_o worldly_a object_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o remove_v this_o prejudice_n i_o say_v therefore_o that_o our_o gracious_a god_n do_v not_o envy_v we_o any_o real_a good_a that_o the_o creature_n can_v afford_v we_o and_o therefore_o have_v not_o deny_v we_o a_o moderate_a use_n and_o fruition_n of_o any_o of_o they_o and_o see_v he_o have_v annex_v pleasure_n to_o those_o action_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o support_n of_o life_n and_o continuation_n of_o kind_n as_o a_o bait_n to_o invite_v we_o to_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o high_o absurd_a and_o contradictious_a to_o affirm_v that_o he_o have_v forbid_v we_o to_o partake_v or_o taste_v those_o enjoyment_n which_o himself_o have_v appoint_v as_o effectual_a mean_n for_o the_o security_n of_o those_o great_a end_n and_o which_o be_v so_o necessary_a consequent_n of_o those_o action_n that_o we_o can_v but_o partake_v they_o where_o the_o appetite_n be_v eager_a god_n have_v indulge_v i_o may_v say_v command_v a_o moderate_a and_o regular_a satisfaction_n and_o we_o know_v nay_o the_o blindness_n of_o atheism_n can_v deny_v that_o the_o great_a pleasure_n result_v from_o a_o moderate_a and_o well_o circumstantiate_v use_n of_o pleasure_n voluptales_fw-la commendat_fw-la rarior_fw-la usus_fw-la now_o a_o religious_a man_n enjoy_v all_o the_o pleasure_n of_o these_o worldly_a and_o sensible_a good_n without_o any_o of_o the_o pain_n which_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o excessive_a and_o irregular_a use_n or_o indeed_o abuse_v of_o they_o and_o beside_o his_o pleasure_n be_v enhanse_v in_o that_o he_o behold_v and_o receive_v they_o as_o blessing_n of_o god_n and_o token_n of_o his_o favour_n and_o affection_n and_o be_v without_o all_o fear_n of_o a_o future_a sad_a reckon_n for_o his_o participation_n of_o they_o howbeit_o a_o denial_n of_o ourselves_o for_o god_n sake_n and_o cause_n in_o any_o thing_n which_o we_o may_v otherwise_o lawful_o enjoy_v
of_o goodness_n to_o pardon_v offence_n and_o all_o punishment_n be_v intend_v either_o for_o the_o reformation_n and_o amendment_n of_o the_o offender_n or_o if_o he_o be_v unreclaimable_a to_o prevent_v the_o mischief_n which_o he_o may_v otherwise_o do_v or_o for_o a_o example_n to_o other_o to_o deter_v they_o from_o the_o like_a enormity_n but_o i_o do_v not_o see_v for_o what_o such_o end_n any_o man_n can_v be_v eternal_o torment_v so_o that_o of_o such_o infliction_n one_o may_v rational_o demand_v cui_fw-la bono_fw-mi what_o good_a come_v of_o they_o how_o then_o can_v they_o come_v from_o god_n who_o by_o all_o man_n confession_n be_v infinite_o good_a to_o which_o i_o answer_v first_o that_o god_n be_v just_a as_o well_o as_o good_a you_o will_v say_v what_o be_v justice_n it_o be_v a_o equal_a weigh_v of_o action_n and_o render_v to_o every_o one_o his_o right_a or_o due_a a_o set_v straight_o again_o what_o be_v pervert_v by_o the_o sin_n and_o extravagancy_n of_o men._n now_o that_o the_o break_n of_o order_n and_o equality_n in_o the_o world_n this_o usurp_a and_o encroach_a upon_o other_o right_n be_v a_o great_a evil_a and_o aught_o to_o be_v rectify_v some_o may_v take_v a_o argument_n from_o the_o strong_a inclination_n and_o desire_n to_o revenge_v injury_n that_o be_v implant_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n and_o of_o all_o creature_n you_o will_v say_v all_o desire_n of_o revenge_n be_v absolute_o sinful_a and_o unlawful_a i_o answer_v i_o be_o no_o patron_n of_o revenge_n i_o know_v the_o very_a heathen_a by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n condemn_v it_o infirmi_fw-la est_fw-la animi_fw-la exiguíque_fw-la voluptas_fw-la vltio_fw-la revenge_n be_v the_o pleasure_n of_o a_o weak_a and_o poor_a spirit_n yet_o let_v we_o hear_v what_o they_o have_v to_o say_v 1._o it_o be_v hard_o to_o affirm_v that_o any_o innate_a appetite_n or_o desire_n be_v in_o itself_o simple_o and_o absolute_o and_o in_o all_o circumstance_n whatsoever_o unlawful_a for_o this_o seem_v to_o reflect_v upon_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n to_o which_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o a_o well_o circumstantiate_v desire_n of_o revenge_n may_v not_o be_v in_o itself_o unlawful_a yet_o for_o the_o evil_a consequent_n of_o it_o it_o may_v be_v and_o be_v prohibit_v by_o a_o positive_a law_n 2._o divine_a person_n have_v pray_v to_o god_n to_o avenge_v they_o as_o david_n and_o the_o prophet_n and_o s._n paul_n himself_o 2_o tim._n 4.14_o pray_v god_n to_o reward_n alexander_n the_o coppersmith_n according_a to_o his_o work_n to_o which_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o those_o expression_n be_v rather_o prediction_n of_o what_o shall_v befall_v their_o enemy_n than_o desire_n that_o they_o may_v again_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v revel_v 6.9_o 10._o that_o the_o soul_n of_o they_o under_o the_o altar_n that_o be_v slay_v for_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o testimony_n which_o they_o hold_v cry_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n say_v how_o long_o o_o lord_n holy_a and_o true_a do_v thou_o not_o judge_v and_o avenge_v our_o blood_n on_o they_o that_o dwell_v on_o the_o earth_n doctor_n hammond_n say_v it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o their_o blood_n cry_v to_o god_n for_o vengeance_n as_o abel_n be_v say_v to_o do_v the_o nature_n of_o forgiveness_n seem_v to_o imply_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o some_o desire_n of_o revenge_n for_o what_o be_v forgiveness_n but_o a_o part_n with_o and_o a_o renounce_v the_o right_o i_o have_v to_o be_v avenge_v and_o therefore_o before_o i_o forgive_v i_o do_v retain_v at_o least_o some_o will_n to_o be_v revenge_v and_o i_o be_o not_o oblige_v by_o our_o saviour_n to_o forgive_v absolute_o but_o upon_o condition_n of_o repentance_n luke_n 17.3_o 4._o if_o thy_o brother_n sin_n against_o thou_o rebuke_v he_o and_o if_o he_o repent_v forgive_v he_o etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o lord_n prayer_n one_o petition_n be_v forgive_v we_o our_o trespass_n as_o we_o forgive_v they_o that_o trespass_n against_o we_o but_o god_n forgive_v not_o without_o repentance_n to_o which_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o before_o repentance_n i_o may_v retain_v a_o will_n of_o punish_v a_o offender_n for_o his_o own_o good_a and_o reformation_n but_o with_o no_o respect_n of_o avenge_a what_o be_v past_a and_o if_o his_o repentance_n prevent_v his_o punishment_n than_o i_o be_o to_o forgive_v he_o that_o be_v cease_v to_o desire_v his_o punishment_n but_o all_o allow_v vengeance_n to_o be_v just_a in_o god_n who_o action_n be_v not_o to_o be_v scan_v by_o our_o measure_n 2._o if_o it_o be_v just_a with_o god_n to_o propose_v to_o we_o such_o a_o choice_n as_o heaven_n upon_o condition_n of_o our_o obedience_n to_o his_o law_n or_o hell_n in_o case_n of_o disobedience_n as_o we_o see_v some_o wise_a man_n make_v no_o scruple_n to_o grant_v than_o it_o can_v be_v injustice_n in_o he_o to_o inflict_v the_o punishment_n of_o hell_n upon_o they_o that_o make_v it_o their_o choice_n nay_o i_o can_v see_v how_o it_o can_v 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have_v be_v say_v i_o must_v refer_v he_o for_o full_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o revelation_n of_o the_o righteous_a judgement_n of_o god_n at_o that_o great_a day_n of_o which_o mention_n have_v be_v already_o make_v i_o be_o as_o unwilling_a as_o any_o man_n to_o limit_v the_o mercy_n of_o god_n but_o yet_o i_o must_v refer_v it_o to_o he_o whether_o he_o will_v be_v more_o favourable_a than_o he_o have_v threaten_v or_o no_o whether_o he_o will_v remit_v something_o of_o the_o severity_n of_o his_o commination_n i_o be_o also_o willing_a to_o restrain_v and_o confine_v the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o far_o as_o the_o context_n will_v permit_v but_o let_v our_o opinion_n and_o hope_n of_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n and_o a_o temporary_a hell_n be_v what_o they_o will_v a_o temporary_a hell_n i_o say_v or_o rather_o a_o purgatory_n instead_o of_o hell_n for_o the_o word_n hell_n according_a to_o the_o usual_a acception_n of_o it_o include_v eternity_n i_o shall_v propose_v two_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v 1._o that_o origen_n the_o first_o broacher_n of_o this_o opinion_n of_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o damn_a do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o contrary_a doctrine_n be_v very_o useful_a to_o restrain_v the_o common_a people_n from_o sin_n and_o that_o this_o be_v to_o be_v hold_v as_o a_o great_a secret_n and_o studious_o conceal_v from_o they_o now_o if_o it_o be_v of_o such_o eminent_a use_n to_o they_o why_o may_v it_o not_o also_o be_v to_o the_o learned_a and_o noble_a who_o i_o fear_v i_o may_v want_v such_o a_o bridle_n as_o well_o as_o they_o 2._o since_o god_n have_v threaten_v eternal_a punishment_n whether_o he_o intend_v to_o execute_v they_o upon_o we_o or_o no_o it_o be_v clear_a i_o think_v he_o will_v have_v they_o be_v believe_v by_o we_o else_o they_o can_v have_v that_o end_n and_o effect_n he_o design_v they_o to_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v unbelief_n and_o presumption_n in_o we_o to_o deny_v or_o distrust_v they_o though_o upon_o supposition_n that_o they_o be_v irreconcilable_a with_o his_o goodness_n with_o which_o yet_o perhaps_o they_o may_v accord_v well_o enough_o though_o we_o can_v at_o present_v discern_v it_o all_o divine_a revelation_n be_v to_o be_v believe_v and_o accept_v by_o we_o as_o well_o threaten_n as_o promise_n and_o if_o we_o may_v distrust_v the_o veracity_n of_o god_n in_o they_o i_o know_v not_o but_o we_o may_v as_o well_o do_v it_o in_o these_o if_o we_o deny_v the_o eternity_n of_o the_o torment_n of_o hell_n i_o do_v not_o see_v but_o that_o we_o may_v upon_o as_o good_a ground_n with_o origen_n deny_v the_o eternity_n of_o the_o joy_n of_o
john_n ray_n f.r.s._n print_a for_o j._n hinton_n at_o the_o king_n arm_n in_o paternoster_n row_n miscellaneous_n discourse_v concern_v the_o dissolution_n and_o change_n of_o the_o world_n wherein_o the_o primitive_a chaos_n and_o creation_n the_o general_n deluge_n fountain_n form_v stone_n sea-shell_n find_v in_o the_o earth_n subterraneous_a tree_n mountain_n earthquake_n vulcanoe_n the_o universal_a conflagration_n and_o future_a state_n be_v large_o discuss_v and_o examine_v by_o john_n ray_n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n london_n print_v for_o samuel_n smith_n at_o the_o prince_n arm_n in_o st._n paul_n church_n yard_n 1692._o to_o the_o most_o reverend_n father_n in_o god_n john_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n primate_n of_o all_o england_n and_o metropolitan_a my_o lord_n it_o be_v no_o interest_n or_o expectation_n of_o i_o that_o induce_v i_o to_o dedicate_v this_o discourse_n to_o your_o grace_n i_o be_o not_o so_o well_o conceit_v of_o my_o own_o performance_n as_o to_o think_v it_o merit_n to_o be_v inscribe_v to_o so_o great_a a_o name_n much_o less_o that_o i_o shall_v oblige_v your_o lordship_n or_o indeed_o a_o far_o mean_a person_n by_o such_o inscription_n my_o principal_a motive_n be_v that_o it_o will_v give_v i_o opportunity_n of_o congratulate_v with_o the_o sober_a part_n of_o this_o nation_n your_o advancement_n to_o the_o archiepiscopal_a dignity_n and_o of_o acknowledge_v his_o majesty_n wisdom_n in_o make_v choice_n of_o so_o fit_a a_o person_n to_o fill_v that_o chair_n endue_v with_o all_o qualification_n requisite_a for_o so_o high_a a_o call_v so_o able_a and_o skilful_a a_o pilot_n to_o govern_v the_o church_n and_o so_o prudent_a and_o faithful_a a_o counsellor_n to_o serve_v himself_o but_o i_o will_v not_o enlarge_v in_o your_o just_a praise_n lest_o i_o shall_v incur_v the_o unjust_a censure_n or_o suspicion_n of_o flattery_n give_v i_o leave_v only_o to_o add_v what_o i_o may_v without_o injury_n of_o truth_n and_o i_o think_v also_o without_o violation_n of_o modesty_n that_o your_o grace_n election_n have_v the_o concurrent_a approbation_n and_o applause_n of_o all_o good_a man_n that_o know_v you_o or_o have_v have_v a_o true_a character_n of_o you_o which_o may_v serve_v to_o strengthen_v your_o hand_n in_o the_o management_n and_o administration_n of_o so_o difficult_a a_o province_n though_o you_o need_v no_o such_o support_n as_o be_v sufficient_o involve_v and_o arm_v by_o your_o virtue_n and_o protect_v by_o the_o almighty_a power_n and_o providence_n those_o that_o be_v good_a and_o wise_a be_v please_v and_o satisfy_v when_o great_a man_n be_v prefer_v to_o great_a place_n and_o think_v it_o pity_v that_o person_n of_o large_a and_o public_a spirit_n shall_v be_v confine_v to_o narrow_a sphere_n of_o action_n and_o want_v field_n to_o exercise_v and_o employ_v those_o rich_a talent_n and_o ability_n wherewith_o they_o be_v endow_v in_o do_v all_o the_o good_a they_o be_v thereby_o qualify_v and_o incline_v to_o do_v my_o lord_n i_o be_o sensible_a that_o the_o present_v i_o make_v you_o be_v neither_o for_o bulk_n nor_o worth_n suitable_a to_o your_o person_n and_o greatness_n yet_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v favourable_o accept_v it_o be_v the_o best_a i_o have_v to_o offer_v and_o my_o boldness_n may_v pretend_v some_o excuse_n from_o ancient_a acquaintance_n and_o from_o my_o forwardness_n to_o embrace_v this_o opportunity_n of_o profess_v my_o name_n among_o those_o that_o honour_n you_o and_o of_o publish_v myself_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o devote_a servant_n and_o humble_a orator_n john_n ray._n the_o preface_n be_v it_o not_o customary_a and_o expect_v by_o the_o reader_n this_o discourse_n will_v need_v no_o preface_n all_o that_o i_o shall_v premise_v shall_v be_v something_o by_o way_n of_o apology_n or_o excuse_n first_o for_o the_o two_o long_a digression_n i_o have_v make_v the_o one_o concern_v the_o general_a deluge_n in_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n the_o other_o concern_v the_o primitive_a chaos_n and_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n my_o first_o plea_n be_v their_o affinity_n and_o near_a relation_n to_o my_o subject_n the_o future_a dissolution_n of_o the_o world_n by_o fire_n invite_v i_o to_o say_v something_o of_o the_o former_a destruction_n of_o it_o by_o water_n and_o the_o destruction_n be_v opposite_a to_o the_o formation_n i_o have_v as_o good_a a_o pretence_n to_o discourse_v likewise_o concern_v that_o my_o second_o excuse_n be_v their_o agreement_n with_o my_o subject_n in_o be_v alike_o matter_n of_o ancient_a tradition_n five_o matter_n of_o ancient_a tradition_n i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o four_o of_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o now-mentioned_n relation_n one_o to_o another_o i_o have_v have_v a_o fair_a and_o invite_a occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o in_o this_o work_n they_o be_v 1._o that_o the_o world_n be_v form_v out_o of_o a_o chaos_n by_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n and_o power_n 2._o that_o there_o be_v once_o a_o universal_a flood_n of_o water_n in_o which_o all_o mankind_n perish_v except_v some_o few_o that_o be_v save_v in_o a_o ark_n or_o ship_n 3._o that_o the_o world_n shall_v one_o day_n be_v dissolve_v by_o fire_n 4._o that_o there_o be_v a_o heaven_n and_o a_o hell_n a_o tartarus_n and_o a_o elysium_n and_o both_o eternal_a the_o one_o to_o reward_v good_a man_n and_o the_o other_o to_o punish_v wicked_a 5._o of_o which_o i_o have_v no_o occasion_n to_o treat_v that_o bloody_a sacrifice_n be_v to_o be_v offer_v for_o the_o expiation_n of_o sin_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o these_o tradition_n among_o the_o heathen_a have_v their_o original_a from_o some_o passage_n in_o scripture_n as_o that_o of_o the_o chaos_n from_o the_o second_o verse_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v tohu_n vabohu_o which_o we_o render_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o that_o of_o the_o deluge_n from_o the_o history_n of_o it_o in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o future_a conflagration_n from_o several_a passage_n in_o the_o prophet_n &c._n &c._n or_o be_v antecedent_n to_o the_o scripture_n i_o rather_o think_v the_o latter_a because_o we_o find_v they_o among_o some_o nation_n which_o its_o likely_a never_o have_v understanding_n of_o the_o scripture_n nor_o indeed_o ever_o hear_v of_o they_o second_o for_o write_v so_o much_o for_o which_o perchance_o some_o may_v censure_v i_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o man_n as_o they_o be_v mutable_a so_o they_o love_v change_v and_o affect_v variety_n of_o author_n as_o well_o as_o book_n satiety_n even_o of_o the_o best_a thing_n be_v apt_a to_o creep_v upon_o we_o he_o that_o write_v much_o let_v he_o write_v never_o so_o well_o shall_v experience_n that_o his_o last_o book_n though_o nothing_o inferior_a to_o his_o first_o will_v not_o find_v equal_a acceptance_n but_o for_o my_o own_o part_n though_o in_o general_n i_o may_v be_v think_v to_o have_v write_v too_o much_o yet_o be_v it_o but_o little_o that_o i_o have_v write_v relate_v to_o divinity_n three_o for_o be_v too_o hasty_a in_o huddle_v up_o and_o tumble_v out_o book_n herein_o i_o confess_v i_o can_v acquit_v myself_o whole_o from_o blame_n i_o know_v well_o that_o the_o long_o a_o book_n lie_v by_o i_o the_o perfect_a it_o become_v something_o occur_v every_o day_n in_o read_v or_o think_v either_o to_o add_v or_o to_o correct_v and_o alter_v for_o the_o better_a but_o shall_v i_o defer_v the_o edition_n till_o the_o work_n be_v absolute_o perfect_a i_o may_v wait_v all_o my_o life-time_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v publish_v by_o my_o executor_n but_o i_o see_v that_o posthumous_n piece_n general_o prove_v inferior_a to_o those_o put_v out_o by_o the_o author_n in_o their_o life_n and_o perchance_o do_v the_o reader_n know_v my_o reason_n for_o this_o speed_n which_o i_o think_v it_o not_o fit_a now_o to_o lay_v open_a he_o will_v judge_v they_o sufficient_a to_o excuse_v i_o however_o hasty_a and_o precipitate_a i_o be_o in_o writing_n my_o book_n be_v but_o small_a so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v worthless_a the_o purchase_n be_v not_o great_a nor_o the_o expense_n of_o time_n waste_v in_o the_o perusal_n of_o they_o very_o considerable_a yet_o be_v not_o the_o worth_n of_o a_o book_n always_o answerable_a to_o its_o bulk_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v usual_o esteem_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d one_o ●hing_n still_o remain_v to_o advertise_v the_o reader_n of_o that_o be_v that_o upon_o second_o thought_n i_o do_v revoke_v what_o i_o have_v deliver_v as_o my_o opinion_n or_o suspicion_n concern_v the_o continuance_n of_o the_o rain_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n for_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n because_o it_o be_v
say_v the_o water_n prevail_v so_o long_o upon_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v as_o i_o understand_v it_o increase_v i_o now_o grant_v that_o it_o last_v but_o forty_o natural_a day_n because_o those_o word_n of_o god_n to_o noah_n predict_v the_o continuance_n of_o the_o rain_n gen._n 7.4_o for_o yet_o seven_o day_n and_o i_o will_v cause_v it_o to_o rain_v upon_o the_o earth_n forty_o day_n and_o forty_o night_n etc._n etc._n seem_v to_o limit_v it_o to_o that_o term_n so_o that_o we_o must_v seek_v some_o other_o reason_n for_o the_o prevail_a of_o the_o water_n for_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n which_o probable_o may_v be_v the_o continuance_n of_o the_o emotion_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o so_o long_a time_n the_o content_n the_o introduction_n concern_v prophecy_n chap._n 1._o the_o division_n of_o the_o word_n 2_o peter_n 3.11_o and_o doctrine_n contain_v in_o they_o viz._n i._n testimony_n concern_v the_o future_a dissolution_n of_o the_o world_n 1._o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n 2._o of_o ancient_a christian_a writer_n 3._o of_o heathen_a philosopher_n and_o sage_n ii_o seven_o quotation_n concern_v the_o dissolution_n propose_v pag._n 1.2_o 3_o chap._n 2._o the_o testimony_n of_o scripture_n concern_v the_o dissolution_n dr._n hammond_n exposition_n refer_v the_o most_o of_o they_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o city_n and_o temple_n of_o jerusalem_n and_o the_o period_n of_o the_o jewish_a state_n and_o polity_n consider_v and_o plead_v for_o p._n 5_o 6_o etc._n etc._n to_o 22_o chap._n 3._o some_o testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n and_o doctor_n of_o the_o church_n concern_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o world_n p._n 22_o 23_o etc._n etc._n to_o 28._o chap._n 4._o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o heathen_a philosopher_n and_o other_o writer_n concern_v the_o dissolution_n the_o epicurean_o p._n 28._o the_o stoic_n who_o hold_v certain_a period_n of_o deluge_n and_o conflagration_n p._n 29_o to_o 34._o that_o this_o opinion_n of_o a_o future_a conflagration_n be_v of_o far_o great_a antiquity_n than_o that_o sect_n prove_v p._n 34_o 35.36_o the_o antiquity_n and_o universality_n of_o it_o argue_v it_o to_o have_v be_v derive_v from_o noah_n and_o his_o son_n p._n 37_o 38_o chap._n 5._o the_o first_o question_n concern_v the_o world_n dissolution_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n in_o nature_n that_o may_v probable_o cause_v or_o argue_v a_o future_a dissolution_n three_o possible_a mean_n propound_v and_o discuss_v p._n 39_o sect._n 1._o the_o first_o be_v the_o possibility_n of_o the_o water_n again_o natural_o overflow_n and_o cover_v the_o earth_n p._n 39.44_o 45_o etc._n etc._n to_o 51_o the_o old_a argument_n for_o the_o world_n dissolution_n viz._n it_o be_v daily_a consenescency_n and_o decay_n reject_v p._n 40_o 41_o from_o the_o continual_a straiten_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o lower_v the_o mountain_n and_o high_a ground_n by_o flood_n wash_v away_o and_o carry_v down_o earth_n and_o from_o the_o sea_n encroach_a upon_o the_o shore_n such_o a_o overflow_a show_v to_o be_v possible_a p._n 44_o 45_o etc._n etc._n to_o p._n 50._o a_o objection_n against_o the_o diminution_n and_o depression_n of_o the_o land_n answer_v p._n 51_o 52_o etc._n etc._n a_o digression_n concern_v the_o general_a deluge_n in_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n p._n 56_o 57_o etc._n etc._n testimony_n of_o heathen_a writer_n and_o ancient_a coin_n verify_v the_o scripture-history_n of_o the_o deluge_n p._n 56_o 57_o etc._n etc._n to_o 63._o that_o the_o ancient_a poet_n and_o mythologist_n by_o deucalion_n understand_v noah_n and_o by_o deucalion_n flood_n the_o general_a deluge_n p._n 60_o 61._o that_o there_o have_v be_v other_o particular_a deluge_n p._n 63_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o the_o deluge_n be_v cause_v by_o a_o miraculous_a transmutation_n of_o the_o element_n of_o air_n into_o water_n p._n 64_o 65._o that_o the_o mean_n assign_v by_o the_o scripture_n viz._n a_o continual_a rain_n of_o forty_o natural_a day_n and_o the_o empty_n the_o subterraneous_a abyss_n may_v suffice_v so_o that_o we_o need_v not_o have_v recourse_n to_o such_o a_o assistance_n p._n 66._o that_o all_o the_o vapour_n suspend_v in_o the_o air_n may_v contribute_v much_o towards_o the_o flood_n prove_v p_o 67_o 68_o concern_v the_o raise_n up_o the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o great_a deep_a p._n 69_o 70._o a_o occasional_a discourse_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o fountain_n p._n 70_o 71_o etc._n etc._n the_o subterraneous_a circulation_n and_o perpetual_a motion_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o author_n improbable_a p._n 71._o that_o the_o preponderancy_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n lie_v upon_o a_o heap_n in_o the_o opposite_a hemisphere_n can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o water_n ascent_n in_o spring_n prove_v p_o 72_o 73._o that_o rains_n may_v suffice_v to_o feed_v the_o spring_n and_o do_v feed_v the_o ordinary_a one_o prove_v p._n 74_o 75._o that_o the_o rain-water_n sink_v down_o and_o make_v its_o way_n into_o the_o earth_n more_o than_o ten_o or_o twenty_o or_o forty_o or_o a_o hundred_o foot_n prove_v by_o many_o argument_n and_o experiment_n p._n 76_o 77_o etc._n etc._n to_o p._n 82._o mr._n halley_n opinion_n that_o spring_n and_o river_n owe_v their_o original_a to_o vapour_n condense_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n propound_v and_o approve_v as_o to_o hot_a and_o fervid_v region_n but_o disallow_v as_o to_o the_o more_o temperate_a and_o cold_a one_o yet_o the_o vapour_n there_o not_o whole_o exclude_v p._n 82_o 83_o etc._n etc._n to_o 91._o observation_n communicate_v by_o dr._n robinson_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o fountain_n drop_v tree_n etc._n etc._n p._n 92_o 93._o the_o question_n further_o discuss_v and_o prove_v that_o vapour_n be_v a_o partial_a cause_n of_o spring_n even_o in_o temperate_a and_o cold_a region_n addit_fw-la 251_o 252_o inference_n upon_o the_o supposition_n of_o the_o river_n pour_v into_o the_o sea_n half_a a_o ocean_n of_o water_n daily_o p._n 95_o 96._o the_o most_o probable_a cause_n of_o the_o deluge_n viz._n the_o emotion_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o a_o extraordinary_a depression_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n p._n 99_o 100_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o deluge_n 1._o as._n to_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n p._n 102_o 103._o 2._o particular_o as_o to_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o form_v stone_n or_o the_o shell_n and_o bone_n of_o some_o sea-fish_n disperse_v all_o over_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n p._n 104_o etc._n etc._n a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o nature_n and_o original_a of_o those_o body_n whether_o they_o be_v original_o the_o real_a shell_n and_o bone_n of_o fish_n or_o stone_n cast_v in_o such_o mould_v or_o whether_o they_o be_v primitive_a production_n of_o nature_n in_o imitation_n only_o of_o such_o shell_n and_o bone_n not_o owe_v their_o figure_n to_o they_o the_o argument_n on_o both_o side_n propose_v and_o weigh_v p._n 106_o 107_o etc._n etc._n to_o 132_o sect._n 2._o the_o second_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o world_n destruction_n in_o a_o natural_a way_n the_o extinction_n of_o the_o sun_n p_o 133_o sect._n 3_o the_o three_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o world_n destruction_n the_o eruption_n of_o the_o central_n fire_n p._n 135._o that_o the_o be_v of_o such_o a_o fire_n be_v no_o way_n oppugnant_fw-la either_o to_o scripture_n or_o reason_n p._n 137_o 138_o etc._n etc._n sect._n 4._o the_o four_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o world_n destruction_n the_o earth_n dryness_n and_o inflammability_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o vulcano_n p._n 141._o that_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a to_o the_o equator_fw-la do_v not_o diminish_v p._n 142._o that_o though_o there_o be_v such_o a_o dry_n and_o parch_v of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n it_o will_v not_o probable_o infer_v a_o conflagration_n p._n 142_o 143_o 144._o that_o there_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v nor_o in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v any_o such_o dry_n or_o parch_v of_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n p._n 44_o 45_o 46._o the_o possibility_n of_o the_o desiccation_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o natural_a mean_n deny_v p._n 146_o 147._o the_o fixedness_n and_o intransmutability_n of_o principles_n secure_v the_o universe_n from_o dissolution_n destruction_n of_o any_o present_a species_n and_o production_n of_o any_o new_a p._n 148_o 149_o a_o second_o digression_n concern_v the_o primitive_a chaos_n and_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n p._n 150_o what_o the_o ancient_n understand_v by_o it_o ibid._n &_o 151._o that_o probable_o god_n do_v at_o first_o create_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o principle_n or_o simple_a body_n natural_o intransmutable_a and_o mingle_v they_o various_o in_o the_o earth_n and_o