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as_o we_o read_v chancellor_n fortescue_n do_v prince_n henry_n son_n to_z henry_n the_o vith_o and_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v come_v over_o again_o to_o practice_v they_o in_o his_o own_o country_n before_o he_o come_v to_o be_v infect_v with_o the_o arbitrary_a principle_n of_o the_o french_a government_n proem_n but_o as_o for_o those_o of_o not_o keep_v faith_n with_o heretic_n and_o a_o propagate_a his_o religion_n by_o persecution_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o king_n his_o father_n will_v take_v care_n not_o to_o commit_v his_o education_n to_o any_o of_o those_o who_o be_v infect_v with_o such_o principle_n and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o believe_v it_o because_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o his_o majesty_n tenderness_n and_o moderation_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o not_o persecute_v any_o body_n for_o the_o belief_n or_o bare_a profession_n of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o his_o late_a declaration_n of_o indulgence_n so_o it_o be_v 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they_o be_v pure_o out_o of_o consideration_n of_o tender_a conscience_n and_o not_o rather_o thereby_o to_o destroy_v the_o church_n of_o england_n establish_v by_o law_n since_o the_o dispute_n begin_v between_o king_n james_n and_o his_o parliament_n be_v not_o about_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n but_o those_o office_n and_o command_n which_o the_o king_n be_v resolve_v to_o bestow_v upon_o the_o papist_n whether_o the_o parliament_n will_v or_o not_o and_o certain_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o a_o liberty_n for_o a_o man_n to_o enjoy_v the_o free_a profession_n of_o his_o own_o religion_n and_o the_o power_n and_o benefit_n of_o have_v all_o the_o chief_a employment_n of_o honour_n and_o profit_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o that_o the_o indulgence_n of_o popish_a prince_n towards_o those_o that_o dissent_n from_o they_o in_o matter_n of_o religion_n may_v not_o always_o proceed_v from_o pure_a tenderness_n and_o compassion_n appear_v from_o a_o 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write_v against_o any_o man_n opinion_n as_o they_o be_v his_o but_o only_o free_o to_o examine_v they_o in_o order_n to_o a_o impartial_a discovery_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o since_o some_o of_o they_o may_v have_v be_v perhaps_o too_o common_o and_o favourable_o receive_v by_o our_o ordinary_a gentry_n and_o clergy_n if_o therefore_o any_o ingenious_a person_n will_v take_v upon_o he_o far_o to_o assert_v or_o vindicate_v any_o opinion_n here_o question_v either_o by_o the_o one_o or_o other_o of_o our_o disputant_n and_o will_v clear_o and_o fair_o show_v i_o where_o my_o argument_n may_v 〈◊〉_d be_v put_v more_o home_n or_o any_o objection_n more_o solid_o answer_v shall_v be_v so_o far_o from_o take_v it_o amiss_o that_o i_o shall_v rather_o give_v he_o my_o thanks_o for_o his_o pain_n and_o do_v here_o far_o promise_n to_o insert_v all_o or_o at_o least_o the_o substance_n of_o his_o argument_n under_o their_o pope_a head_n with_o all_o due_a acknowledgement_n to_o their_o 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a_o way_n as_o little_a reflective_a as_o possible_a since_o i_o know_v what_o be_v due_a to_o the_o memory_n and_o fame_n of_o such_o great_a and_o worthy_a person_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v only_o make_v use_n of_o the_o initial_a letter_n of_o their_o name_n or_o title_n of_o their_o book_n in_o the_o margin_n with_o a_o index_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o each_o discourse_n show_v what_o book_n each_o mark_n do_v signify_v which_o method_n i_o have_v pursue_v through_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o these_o discourse_n and_o of_o what_o be_v not_o so_o markâ—_n i_o desire_v the_o reader_n to_o look_v upon_o the_o word_n if_o not_o the_o sense_n to_o be_v my_o own_o since_o i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o be_v a_o inventor_n of_o new_a notion_n in_o politic_n and_o there_o be_v no_o man_n more_o sensible_a than_o myself_o of_o that_o old_a latin_a sentence_n nihil_fw-la dictum_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la dictum_fw-la prius_fw-la but_o though_o i_o have_v already_o finish_v almost_o all_o 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they_o can_v be_v at_o first_o regular_o make_v and_o into_o which_o they_o be_v upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o civil_a government_n again_o to_o be_v resolve_v to_o conclude_v therefore_o i_o hope_v that_o the_o argument_n in_o this_o and_o all_o the_o follow_a discourse_n may_v prove_v so_o plaiâ—_n and_o convince_a to_o all_o careful_a and_o unprejudiced_a reader_n that_o they_o may_v as_o easy_o discover_v the_o truth_n as_o a_o honest_a unbiased_a juryman_n can_v aâ—_n a_o trial_n judge_v on_o which_o side_n the_o right_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n incline_v upon_o the_o barehear_v the_o evidence_n on_o both_o side_n nay_o even_o before_o the_o court_n have_v sum_v it_o up_o since_o i_o think_v it_o may_v prove_v more_o useful_a as_o well_o as_o divertive_a to_o hear_v or_o peruse_v the_o argument_n and_o reason_n in_o short_a that_o may_v be_v bring_v oâ—_n either_o side_n and_o thereon_o to_o pass_v a_o judgement_n than_o to_o read_v over_o the_o tedious_a and_o voluminous_a deâ—ds_n and_o evidence_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o question_n but_o on_o which_o side_n soever_o you_o bring_v in_o your_o verdict_n i_o hearty_o wish_v that_o god_n will_v direct_v your_o mind_n and_o guide_v your_o judgement_n to_o find_v out_o and_o embrace_v the_o truth_n which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o only_a end_n of_o my_o writing_n so_o it_o be_v now_o and_o will_v be_v also_o of_o publish_v this_o and_o those_o other_o treatise_n i_o intend_v on_o the_o subject_n i_o have_v before_o mention_v adieu_n the_o subject_a of_o the_o first_o dialogue_n whither_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v of_o divine_a right_n or_o institution_n author_n make_v use_v of_o in_o this_o dialogue_n and_o how_o denote_v in_o the_o margin_n 1._o sir_n robert_z filmers's_n 1._o observation_n on_o grotius_n de_fw-fr belli_n &_o paâ—u_n r._n f._n o._n g._n 2._o patriarcha_fw-la f._n
the_o chinese_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o formosa_fw-la at_o this_o day_n all_o which_o either_o do_v or_o now_o do_v destroy_v their_o child_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v bring_v forth_o or_o else_o in_o the_o womb_n afore_o they_o be_v bear_v if_o they_o please_v so_o to_o do_v and_o as_o for_o some_o of_o these_o nation_n you_o have_v instance_a in_o and_o particular_o the_o muscovite_n who_o can_v â—ell_v their_o child_n but_o four_o time_n it_o be_v apparent_a it_o be_v only_o a_o municipal_a law_n for_o if_o the_o property_n of_o the_o father_n over_o the_o son_n person_n be_v by_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o perpetual_a he_o may_v not_o only_o sell_v he_o four_o time_n but_o forty_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o have_v against_o this_o custom_n of_o your_o â—_z the_o example_n of_o divers_a altogether_o as_o wise_a and_o civilise_v who_o do_v not_o permit_v father_n to_o exercise_v this_o absolute_a power_n over_o their_o child_n and_o therefore_o against_o your_o example_n of_o the_o jew_n i_o set_v that_o of_o the_o egyptian_n who_o do_v not_o permit_v parent_n to_o put_v their_o child_n to_o death_n nor_o yet_o to_o sell_v they_o unless_o in_o case_n of_o great_a necessity_n and_o when_o they_o can_v not_o otherwise_o maintain_v they_o and_o then_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v be_v necessary_a so_o likewise_o against_o your_o roman_a law_n i_o set_v that_o of_o all_o the_o greek_a nation_n none_o of_o who_o permit_v father_n to_o put_v their_o child_n to_o death_n lycurgo_n except_o the_o spartan_n and_o that_o be_v only_o in_o one_o case_n and_o that_o be_v only_o in_o one_o case_n and_o that_o with_o the_o judgement_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o elder_a man_n of_o the_o family_n yet_o when_o their_o new_a bear_a infant_n be_v so_o weak_a or_o ill_o shape_v as_o to_o be_v think_v not_o worth_a the_o rear_n so_o likewise_o against_o your_o example_n of_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n i_o set_v that_o of_o the_o german_n a_o nation_n altogether_o as_o wise_a and_o civilise_a as_o the_o other_o to_o who_o i_o can_v likewise_o add_v the_o ancient_a britain_n spaniard_n and_o divers_a other_o and_o to_o the_o more_o modern_a example_n of_o the_o eastern_a nation_n where_o this_o custom_n be_v permit_v of_o sell_v or_o kill_v their_o child_n i_o shall_v oppose_v the_o turk_n and_o persian_n among_o who_o it_o be_v forbid_v as_o also_o among_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n who_o believe_v christianity_n and_o if_o we_o go_v over_o to_o america_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o be_v there_o so_o indulgent_a to_o their_o child_n that_o no_o fault_n whatsoever_o though_o never_o so_o great_a shall_v make_v they_o put_v they_o to_o death_n and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o this_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o reason_n the_o two_o great_a philosopher_n among_o the_o greek_n plato_n and_o aristotle_n have_v condemn_v it_o the_o former_a in_o his_o law_n where_o he_o express_o forbid_v it_o suppose_v that_o in_o no_o case_n whatever_o a_o father_n ought_v to_o put_v off_o all_o piety_n and_o humanity_n towards_o his_o son_n and_o that_o a_o son_n shall_v be_v rather_o lead_v by_o nature_n than_o drive_v by_o force_n to_o obey_v his_o father_n especial_o since_o his_o power_n be_v sufficient_o establish_v by_o the_o law_n and_o the_o appoint_v of_o public_a judge_n and_o aristotle_n in_o his_o moral_n to_o nicomachus_n lib._n 8._o cap._n 12._o accuse_v the_o jus_fw-la patrium_fw-la in_o use_n among_o the_o persian_n as_o tyrannical_a and_o grotius_n tell_v you_o he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o example_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o persian_n only_o that_o we_o may_v distinguish_v civil_a right_n from_o natural_a liberorum_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o put_n of_o child_n to_o death_n by_o parent_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o odious_a thing_n among_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o ancient_n and_o therefore_o neither_o the_o lex_fw-la regius_fw-la nor_o the_o law_n of_o the_o xii_o table_n nor_o the_o julian_n law_n de_fw-fr adulteriis_fw-la all_o which_o leave_v father_n a_o power_n over_o the_o live_v of_o their_o son_n and_o daughter_n yet_o will_v extend_v this_o power_n by_o interpretation_n to_o the_o grand_a father_n towards_o his_o grandson_n or_o granddaughter_n m._n yet_o for_o all_o this_o i_o think_v all_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o civilise_v nation_n be_v of_o my_o opinion_n and_o it_o be_v from_o they_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o take_v this_o law_n of_o nation_n rather_o than_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v the_o roman_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n wise_a and_o better_a people_n than_o the_o greek_n and_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n than_o the_o german_n nor_o do_v your_o argument_n against_o this_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n in_o father_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n seem_v cogent_a that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o it_o can_v never_o be_v take_v away_o or_o restrain_v by_o any_o civil_a law_n since_o this_o argument_n will_v make_v uâ—_n much_o against_o that_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n with_o which_o you_o invest_v your_o father_n of_o family_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n since_o if_o they_o have_v it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o can_v no_o more_o he_o restrain_v or_o take_v away_o by_o civil_a law_n than_o any_o paternal_a power_n in_o the_o like_a case_n f._n i_o pray_v sir_n hold_v if_o this_o controversy_n be_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o wisdom_n and_o the_o civility_n of_o nation_n we_o shall_v never_o have_v do_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n who_o shall_v judge_v of_o this_o consent_n of_o the_o most_o civilise_v people_n and_o that_o no_o account_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o those_o who_o you_o call_v barbarous_a for_o what_o nation_n will_v acknowledge_v itself_o to_o be_v so_o or_o can_v arrogate_v so_o much_o to_o itself_o as_o that_o it_o may_v require_v all_o other_o to_o conform_v themselves_o to_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n and_o that_o all_o nation_n must_v be_v barbarous_a that_o act_n otherwise_o ancient_o the_o arrogance_n of_o the_o greek_n make_v they_o look_v upon_o all_o other_o nation_n as_o barbarous_a and_o then_o the_o roman_n succeed_v in_o this_o foolish_a conceit_n of_o themselves_o and_o at_o this_o day_n we_o people_n of_o europe_n who_o be_v but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n do_v suppose_v ourselves_o to_o exceed_v all_o other_o in_o knowledge_n and_o yet_o on_o the_o other_o side_n there_o be_v diverse_a nation_n who_o prefer_v themselves_o far_o before_o we_o and_o i_o have_v read_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v a_o say_n that_o the_o european_n see_v with_o one_o eye_n themselves_z with_o two_o but_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n be_v stark_o blind_a and_o yet_o this_o nation_n maintain_v a_o power_n of_o sell_v and_o expose_v their_o child_n which_o we_o european_n abhor_v now_o pray_v tell_v i_o if_o there_o be_v not_o some_o common_a rule_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o reason_n or_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n how_o shall_v we_o judge_v which_o be_v in_o the_o right_a so_o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v on_o this_o subject_n i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o conclude_v with_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o learned_a pufendorf_n in_o lib._n 6._o cap._n 2._o where_o speak_v of_o the_o paternal_a power_n he_o say_v thus_o but_o neither_o thâ—_n same_o power_n as_o such_o seem_v to_o extend_v itself_o to_o that_o of_o life_n and_o death_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o fault_n but_o only_o to_o a_o moderate_a chastisement_n for_o since_o this_o authority_n be_v employ_v about_o a_o age_n that_o iâ—_n weak_a and_o tender_a and_o in_o which_o such_o incorrigible_a crime_n can_v hardly_o be_v commit_v which_o nothing_o but_o life_n can_v expiate_v it_o be_v much_o better_a that_o a_o father_n shall_v turn_v out_o of_o door_n a_o son_n who_o do_v wilful_o refuse_v through_o obstinacy_n and_o wickedness_n all_o due_a correction_n so_o that_o abdication_n and_o disinherit_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o utmost_a punishment_n which_o can_v be_v inflict_v by_o a_o father_n on_o a_o son_n consider_v as_o such_o m._n i_o see_v it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o spend_v long_a time_n about_o this_o question_n but_o since_o yourself_o have_v all_o along_o allow_v that_o the_o father_n of_o a_o separate_a family_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n have_v a_o power_n to_o put_v his_o wife_n or_o child_n to_o death_n in_o case_n they_o have_v commit_v any_o heinous_a sin_n or_o offence_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n but_o you_o have_v not_o yet_o tell_v i_o and_o i_o doubt_v can_v how_o adam_n or_o any_o other_o master_n of_o a_o family_n can_v be_v endue_v with_o this_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n unless_o
it_o be_v grant_v he_o by_o god_n f._n i_o promise_v to_o give_v you_o full_a satisfaction_n to_o this_o question_n by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v let_v i_o make_v it_o a_o little_a more_o plain_a to_o you_o that_o this_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n which_o may_v be_v exercise_v by_o master_n of_o separate_a family_n over_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n in_o some_o case_n be_v not_o by_o any_o power_n they_o receive_v from_o god_n as_o husband_n or_o father_n but_o only_a as_o head_n or_o master_n of_o such_o family_n may_v by_o prove_v by_o this_o instance_n suppose_v a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n independent_a on_o any_o other_o as_o in_o the_o indies_n have_v neither_o wife_n nor_o child_n yet_o sure_o he_o have_v notwithstanding_o the_o same_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o his_o servant_n or_o slave_n for_o such_o great_a offence_n as_o you_o have_v mention_v in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o superior_a power_n over_o he_o to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o such_o crime_n and_o to_o make_v this_o yet_o plain_o suppose_v a_o marry_a man_n have_v a_o wife_n and_o child_n will_v live_v together_o with_o they_o in_o the_o family_n of_o such_o a_o master_n as_o i_o have_v now_o describe_v yet_o not_o aâ—_n a_o servant_n but_o as_o a_o inmate_n or_o boarder_n and_o whilst_o he_o so_o continue_v his_o wife_n kill_v one_o of_o her_o child_n or_o one_o of_o his_o son_n murder_v his_o brother_n who_o have_v right_a to_o punish_v this_o offence_n but_o the_o master_n in_o who_o family_n he_o be_v a_o inmate_n and_o this_o follow_v from_o your_o own_o suppose_a for_o if_o every_o separate_a family_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v a_o distinct_a independent_a government_n than_o all_o those_o that_o enter_v themselves_o as_o member_n of_o such_o a_o family_n must_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o master_n or_o governor_n of_o it_o nor_o do_v you_o reduce_v i_o into_o any_o absurdity_n by_o your_o reply_n to_o my_o argument_n that_o if_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n be_v original_o in_o father_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o can_v never_o be_v restrain_v nor_o take_v from_o they_o without_o their_o consent_n that_o then_o this_o will_v make_v as_o much_o against_o the_o like_a power_n of_o master_n of_o family_n since_o i_o must_v grant_v this_o be_v take_v away_o by_o civil_a law_n and_o why_o not_o the_o other_o to_o this_o i_o reply_v that_o you_o do_v not_o observe_v the_o strength_n of_o these_o word_n without_o their_o consent_n for_o i_o suppose_v that_o no_o power_n whatever_o can_v take_v this_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o father_n or_o master_n of_o family_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n without_o they_o assign_v it_o to_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n upon_o its_o first_o institution_n whereas_o you_o make_v this_o power_n to_o be_v obtainable_a by_o force_n as_o by_o conquest_n or_o usurpation_n not_o only_o over_o those_o that_o be_v not_o at_o their_o own_o disposal_n as_o child_n and_o servant_n but_o over_o their_o father_n and_o master_n too_o without_o their_o consent_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n m._n i_o see_v you_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o i_o will_v admit_v your_o instance_n of_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n to_o be_v in_o the_o master_n of_o family_n and_o not_o as_o father_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n but_o as_o plain_a as_o you_o think_v it_o since_o you_o question_v the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v inherent_a in_o all_o father_n i_o know_v not_o why_o i_o may_v not_o with_o more_o reason_n question_v your_o allow_v the_o like_a power_n to_o master_n of_o separate_a family_n since_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n in_o my_o opinion_n which_o you_o can_v bring_v for_o such_o a_o power_n in_o your_o master_n of_o family_n which_o i_o can_v with_o like_o reason_n urge_v may_v be_v also_o exercise_v by_o father_n and_o husband_n over_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n in_o case_n they_o deserve_v it_o for_o if_o it_o be_v for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n that_o great_a and_o enormous_a crime_n such_o as_o murder_n and_o adultery_n shall_v be_v punish_v and_o that_o with_o death_n who_o be_v more_o fit_a to_o inflict_v these_o punishment_n or_o who_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o judge_v more_o impartial_o of_o they_o than_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n himself_o since_o he_o can_v put_v his_o son_n or_o wife_n to_o death_n however_o they_o may_v deserve_v it_o without_o very_o great_a reluctancy_n since_o he_o aâ—_n it_o be_v thereby_o lop_v off_o a_o limb_n from_o his_o own_o body_n and_o therefore_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o such_o a_o marry_a man_n as_o you_o describe_v shall_v by_o come_v under_o another_o man_n rooâ—_n only_o as_o a_o inmate_n or_o boarder_n and_o not_o as_o a_o slave_n which_o i_o grant_v will_v alter_v the_o case_n shall_v lose_v that_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n which_o i_o suppose_v he_o have_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n over_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n unless_o he_o have_v actual_o give_v it_o up_o to_o the_o master_n of_o that_o family_n with_o who_o he_o come_v to_o board_n and_o therefore_o as_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o a_o master_n of_o a_o separate_a family_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o also_o of_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n with_o other_o such_o master_n of_o family_n nay_o with_o prince_n themselves_o if_o there_o be_v occasion_n as_o we_o read_v in_o genesis_n chap._n 14._o that_o abraham_n make_v war_n with_o the_o four_o king_n who_o have_v take_v lot_n prisoner_n so_o likewise_o when_o judah_n pronounce_v sentence_n of_o death_n against_o thamar_n his_o daughter-in-law_n for_o play_v the_o harlot_n bring_v she_o forth_o say_v he_o and_o let_v she_o be_v burn_v gen._n 38._o i_o own_o this_o be_v not_o do_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o father_n alone_o she_o not_o be_v his_o own_o daughter_n and_o his_o son_n be_v then_o dead_a but_o as_o the_o master_n of_o a_o separate_a family_n who_o have_v i_o grant_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n as_o he_o be_v lord_n over_o the_o person_n of_o his_o child_n aâ—_n servant_n and_o consequent_o over_o their_o wife_n also_o for_o if_o he_o have_v power_n over_o his_o son_n he_o have_v certain_o the_o like_a over_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v member_n of_o his_o family_n and_o that_o he_o have_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o manumit_v or_o set_v they_o free_a but_o now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o right_a these_o patriarchâ—_n can_v exercise_v all_o these_o markâ—_n of_o sovereignty_n especial_o this_o great_a power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n unless_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o god_n at_o first_o since_o no_o man_n have_v any_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o his_o own_o life_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o therefore_o sure_o have_v natural_o no_o power_n over_o that_o of_o another_o man_n so_o that_o not_o only_o this_o power_n of_o the_o patriarch_n but_o also_o that_o of_o all_o monarch_n to_o this_o day_n must_v be_v derive_v from_o this_o divine_a original_a f._n well_o then_o i_o find_v you_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o power_n of_o a_o father_n as_o such_o by_o generation_n since_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o this_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n which_o you_o affirm_v a_o husband_n or_o father_n may_v exercise_v over_o their_o wife_n or_o child_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o quatenus_fw-la as_o a_o father_n but_o lord_n and_o master_n over_o they_o which_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o can_v allow_v to_o be_v true_a in_o relation_n to_o the_o wife_n nor_o that_o the_o submission_n of_o the_o wife_n will_n to_o the_o husband_n must_v imply_v a_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o she_o for_o if_o she_o be_v not_o his_o slave_n as_o certain_o she_o be_v not_o for_o then_o a_o man_n may_v sell_v his_o wife_n when_o he_o please_v i_o can_v see_v how_o she_o herself_o can_v convey_v by_o force_n of_o the_o contract_n any_o such_o power_n over_o her_o life_n though_o i_o grant_v indeed_o if_o she_o happen_v to_o commit_v murder_n upon_o one_o of_o her_o child_n or_o other_o person_n of_o the_o family_n he_o may_v proceed_v against_o she_o as_o a_o enemy_n but_o not_o as_o a_o subject_a and_o if_o it_o be_v for_o adultery_n itself_o i_o can_v see_v that_o the_o husband_n can_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n punish_v she_o with_o death_n for_o since_o that_o crime_n do_v real_o dissolve_v the_o bond_n of_o matrimony_n divorce_n or_o put_v she_o away_o and_o desert_v the_o child_n bear_v in_o adultery_n
house_n of_o israel_n do_v choose_v to_o be_v their_o king_n himself_o yet_o do_v he_o govern_v they_o at_o that_o time_n by_o his_o viceroy_n samuel_n and_o his_o son_n and_o therefore_o god_n tell_v samuel_n they_o have_v not_o reject_v thou_o but_o i_o that_o i_o shall_v not_o reign_v over_o they_o it_o seem_v they_o do_v not_o like_o a_o king_n by_o deputation_n but_o desire_v one_o by_o succession_n like_o all_o the_o nation_n all_o nation_n belike_o have_v king_n then_o and_o those_o by_o inheritance_n not_o by_o election_n for_o we_o do_v not_o find_v the_o israelite_n pray_v that_o they_o themselves_o may_v choose_v their_o own_o king_n they_o dream_v of_o no_o such_o liberty_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v the_o elder_n of_o israel_n gather_v together_o if_o other_o nation_n have_v elect_v their_o own_o king_n no_o doubt_n but_o they_o will_v have_v be_v as_o desirous_a to_o have_v imitate_v other_o nation_n as_o well_o in_o the_o elect_n as_o in_o the_o have_v a_o king_n and_o 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babylon_n under_o who_o and_o his_o successor_n power_n they_o and_o their_o posterity_n continue_v subject_n for_o many_o age_n f._n i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v any_o far_o with_o you_o since_o i_o see_v it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o the_o israelite_n whether_o it_o be_v monarchical_a or_o aristocratical_a before_o the_o reign_n of_o saul_n nor_o yet_o shall_v i_o positive_o assert_v that_o abimelech_n or_o jephthah_n and_o other_o of_o the_o judge_n be_v ruler_n of_o some_o particular_a tribe_n only_o yet_o 293._o very_o learned_a man_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n since_o they_o can_v find_v no_o other_o way_n but_o by_o a_o synchronism_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o judge_n as_o also_o of_o the_o year_n of_o rest_n and_o servitude_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o judg._n 10._o v._n 6_o 8._o compare_v with_o judg._n 13.1_o to_o reconcile_v that_o great_a difference_n that_o will_v be_v find_v in_o the_o sacred_a chronology_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n come_n out_o of_o egypt_n to_o the_o four_o year_n of_o solomon_n in_o which_o the_o temple_n be_v begin_v to_o be_v build_v which_o do_v amount_v to_o four_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o year_n 6.1_o whereas_o if_o you_o please_v to_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o cast_v up_o the_o year_n from_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n come_n out_o of_o egypt_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o saul_n reign_n according_a to_o the_o common_a account_n of_o the_o year_n of_o the_o judge_n reckon_v with_o the_o reign_v of_o saul_n and_o david_n to_o that_o time_n etc._n etc._n it_o will_v amount_v to_o 600_o year_n which_o be_v more_o by_o 120_o year_n than_o all_o the_o time_n from_o the_o say_v epocha_n to_o the_o four_o year_n of_o solomon_n take_v altogether_o but_o as_o for_o the_o several_a tribe_n alone_o consult_v and_o order_v their_o own_o affair_n it_o be_v so_o plain_a from_o the_o example_n of_o the_o people_n and_o prince_n of_o gilead_n as_o also_o from_o that_o of_o the_o danite_n that_o you_o have_v nothing_o to_o object_n against_o it_o and_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o instance_n of_o all_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n meeting_n and_o consult_v what_o to_o do_v with_o the_o benjamite_n where_o since_o you_o can_v deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v no_o way_n to_o evade_v it_o but_o by_o suppose_v i_o know_v not_o what_o kingly_a authority_n in_o the_o father_n of_o particular_a family_n who_o you_o do_v suppose_v to_o have_v then_o bear_v the_o only_a sway_n because_o it_o be_v say_v in_o that_o chapter_n you_o quote_v that_o in_o the_o consultation_n after_o this_o war_n the_o elder_n of_o the_o congregation_n propose_v it_o to_o they_o say_v how_o shall_v we_o do_v for_o wife_n for_o they_o that_o remain_v see_v the_o woman_n be_v destroy_v out_o of_o benjamin_n and_o then_o follow_v the_o result_n of_o the_o congregation_n in_o the_o next_o verse_n and_o they_o say_v viz._n all_o the_o congregation_n agree_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o inheritance_n for_o they_o that_o be_v escape_v out_o of_o benjamin_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o what_o i_o grant_v at_o first_o that_o the_o head_n or_o elder_n of_o the_o tribe_n preside_v in_o this_o assembly_n and_o put_v the_o question_n to_o they_o which_o be_v so_o necessary_a in_o all_o great_a assembly_n that_o without_o such_o officer_n they_o can_v come_v to_o any_o resolution_n and_o therefore_o you_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o prove_v the_o monarchical_a power_n of_o these_o elder_n by_o some_o better_a authority_n than_o this_o text._n but_o if_o the_o judge_n have_v monarchical_a power_n as_o you_o suppose_v notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v say_v against_o the_o people_n elect_v they_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o the_o example_n of_o abimelech_n and_o jephthah_n that_o the_o people_n do_v often_o elect_a a_o judge_n or_o captain_n over_o they_o without_o any_o nomination_n by_o or_o inspiration_n from_o god_n but_o to_o return_v to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o material_a your_o suppose_a restauration_n of_o patriarchal_a government_n under_o moses_n and_o joshua_n after_o the_o israelite_n return_v from_o the_o egyptian_a bondage_n i_o can_v but_o here_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o the_o truth_n will_v sometime_o slip_v from_o you_o before_o you_o be_v aware_a for_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o you_o at_o first_o assert_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n that_o a_o servant_n or_o slave_n and_o a_o subject_a be_v all_o one_o at_o the_o first_o and_o also_o that_o all_o monarch_n be_v endue_v with_o fatherly_a power_n then_o if_o pharaoh_n be_v a_o monarch_n the_o child_n of_o israel_n be_v not_o according_a to_o your_o principle_n bring_v into_o bondage_n by_o pharaoh_n but_o they_o be_v only_o adopt_a into_o another_o fatherly_a power_n but_o you_o shall_v have_v do_v well_o to_o have_v show_v more_o clear_o than_o you_o have_v hitherto_o do_v that_o this_o patriarchal_a jurisdiction_n be_v exercise_v by_o 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you_o tell_v i_o that_o god_n choose_v moses_n and_o joshua_n successive_o to_o govern_v as_o prince_n in_o the_o place_n of_o those_o supreme_a father_n or_o patriarch_n which_o be_v easy_o i_o confess_v affirm_v only_o it_o want_v proof_n for_o though_o you_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o all_o paternal_a power_n be_v regal_a yet_o it_o still_o remain_v unprove_v that_o all_o regal_a power_n be_v paternal_a it_o be_v true_a that_o god_n do_v appoint_v moses_n and_o joshua_n to_o be_v the_o ruler_n of_o his_o people_n under_o he_o but_o that_o do_v not_o at_o all_o make_v out_o that_o they_o succeed_v in_o the_o stead_n of_o supreme_a father_n much_o less_o that_o they_o succeed_v as_o heir_n or_o successor_n to_o the_o patriarchal_a power_n of_o adam_n for_o moses_n and_o joshua_n be_v choose_v by_o god_n to_o be_v ruler_n of_o
though_o gather_v together_o from_o the_o several_a corner_n and_o remote_a region_n in_o the_o world_n but_o that_o in_o the_o same_o multitude_n consider_v by_o itself_o there_o be_v one_o man_n among_o they_o that_o in_o nature_n have_v a_o right_a to_o be_v the_o king_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o be_v the_o next_o heir_n to_o adam_n and_o the_o other_o subject_a unto_o he_o every_o man_n by_o nature_n be_v a_o king_n or_o a_o subject_n so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o king_n in_o the_o world_n be_v able_a to_o deduce_v their_o pedigree_n from_o adam_n of_o who_o there_o can_v be_v but_o one_o right_a heir_n they_o all_o or_o at_o least_o all_o but_o one_o be_v only_a king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o not_o the_o jure_fw-la and_o usurper_n upon_o this_o heir_n of_o adam_n so_o that_o if_o god_n will_v but_o be_v please_v to_o reveal_v who_o this_o next_o heir_n be_v all_o the_o king_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o lay_v their_o crown_n at_o his_o foot_n though_o he_o be_v but_o a_o cobbler_n or_o a_o linkboy_n how_o ridiculous_a a_o notion_n this_o be_v i_o leave_v it_o to_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o judge_n m._n i_o hope_v this_o opinion_n be_v like_a to_o have_v no_o very_o ill_a effect_n unless_o any_o prince_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o title_n of_o adam_n right_a heir_n shall_v pretend_v a_o right_n to_o a_o universal_a monarchy_n and_o then_o i_o think_v it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a he_o shall_v be_v put_v to_o make_v out_o his_o title_n but_o see_v no_o body_n do_v so_o to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o knowledge_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o all_o prince_n shall_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n enjoy_v what_o they_o be_v in_o lawful_a possession_n of_o till_o this_o heir_n of_o noah_n have_v make_v out_o his_o title_n and_o then_o they_o may_v consider_v far_o of_o it_o f._n and_o it_o be_v very_o well_o that_o this_o right_a heir_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v for_o if_o he_o be_v all_o prince_n will_v be_v usurper_n who_o do_v not_o immediate_o resign_v to_o he_o but_o this_o doctrine_n be_v of_o more_o fatal_a consequence_n than_o you_o imagine_v for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o concern_v prince_n in_o respect_n of_o adam_n right_a heir_n only_o but_o also_o of_o any_o other_o right_a heir_n to_o prince_n who_o have_v lose_v their_o right_n to_o a_o crown_n never_o so_o many_o age_n ago_o for_o look_v into_o his_o direction_n for_o obedience_n in_o doubtful_a time_n and_o read_v this_o passage_n by_o humane_a positive_a law_n a_o possession_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n take_v away_o or_o bar_v a_o former_a right_n to_o avoid_v a_o general_a mischief_n of_o bring_v all_o right_n into_o a_o disputation_n not_o decideable_a by_o proof_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o overthrow_n of_o all_o civil_a government_n in_o grant_n gift_n and_o contract_n between_o man_n and_o man_n but_o in_o grant_n and_o gift_n that_o have_v their_o original_a from_o god_n or_o nature_n as_o the_o power_n of_o a_o father_n have_v no_o inferior_a power_n of_o man_n can_v limit_v nor_o make_v any_o law_n of_o prescription_n against_o they_o upon_o this_o ground_n be_v build_v that_o nullum_fw-la tempus_fw-la occurrit_fw-la regi_fw-la no_o time_n barrs_n a_o king_n and_o a_o little_a before_o he_o give_v we_o this_o reason_n of_o it_o for_o though_o by_o humane_a law_n a_o long_a prescription_n may_v take_v away_o right_o yet_o a_o divine_a right_n never_o die_v nor_o can_v be_v lose_v or_o take_v away_o by_o which_o principle_n he_o render_v the_o title_n of_o most_o if_o not_o all_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n at_o this_o day_n very_o weak_a and_o disputable_a whenever_o any_o other_o person_n shall_v set_v up_o a_o title_n against_o they_o m._n but_o sir_n r._n f._n have_v find_v a_o very_a good_a expedient_a for_o this_o for_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o last_o cite_v discourse_n that_o the_o paternal_a power_n can_v be_v lose_v though_o it_o may_v either_o be_v transfer_v or_o usurp_v and_o in_o his_o anarchy_n of_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n 273._o he_o thus_o more_o at_o large_a express_v it_o many_o time_n by_o the_o act_n either_o of_o a_o usurper_n himself_o or_o of_o those_o that_o set_v he_o up_o the_o true_a heir_n of_o a_o crown_n be_v dispossess_v god_n use_v the_o ministry_n of_o the_o wicked_a man_n for_o the_o remove_n and_o set_v up_o of_o king_n in_o such_o case_n the_o subject_n obedience_n to_o the_o fatherly_a power_n must_v go_v along_o and_o wait_v upon_o god_n providence_n who_o only_o have_v right_a to_o give_v and_o take_v away_o kingdom_n and_o thereby_o to_o adopt_v subject_n into_o the_o obedience_n of_o another_o fatherly_a power_n and_o last_o in_o his_o discourse_n of_o obedience_n etc._n etc._n he_o more_o clear_o fâ—â—tleth_v this_o point_n in_o answer_n to_o a_o objection_n there_o make_v that_o most_o king_n now_o in_o the_o world_n have_v no_o other_o title_n to_o their_o crown_n but_o conquest_n or_o usurpation_n he_o reply_v that_o though_o all_o 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subsist_v without_o it_o the_o people_n or_o such_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o they_o may_v not_o in_o case_n their_o life_n liberty_n and_o person_n be_v unjust_o assault_v and_o oppress_v it_o by_o the_o officer_n or_o stand_a army_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o other_o supreme_a power_n for_o their_o own_o defence_n take_v up_o arm_n to_o defend_v their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n against_o such_o a_o arm_a force_n and_o violence_n where_o by_o the_o way_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v here_o asolute_o disclaim_v all_o resistance_n of_o or_o self_n defence_n against_o civil_a authority_n or_o the_o officer_n commissioned_n by_o it_o by_o any_o private_a single_a person_n whether_o such_o power_n be_v exert_v according_a to_o law_n or_o not_o or_o else_o abuse_v in_o some_o case_n to_o the_o hurt_n or_o destruction_n of_o such_o single_a person_n only_o so_o that_o i_o suppose_v this_o resistance_n to_o be_v lawful_a only_o in_o case_n of_o a_o 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execute_v without_o the_o depose_n or_o absolute_a destruction_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o other_o supreme_a magistrate_n whatever_o may_v be_v pretend_v to_o the_o contrary_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o suppose_v that_o any_o monarch_n or_o supreme_a magistrate_n shall_v ever_o unless_o they_o be_v stark_o mad_a purposely_o go_v about_o to_o kill_v or_o destroy_v their_o subject_n in_o the_o multitude_n and_o safety_n of_o who_o consist_v his_o chief_a strength_n and_o riches_n and_o you_o may_v as_o well_o tell_v i_o that_o a_o shepherd_n whilst_o he_o be_v in_o his_o right_a wit_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o kill_v or_o destroy_v his_o flock_n as_o that_o a_o monarch_n shall_v wilful_o intend_v to_o kill_v or_o destroy_v his_o people_n to_o conclude_v since_o the_o people_n must_v be_v in_o all_o case_n of_o tyranny_n or_o oppression_n their_o own_o judge_n and_o executioner_n too_o there_o be_v no_o rebellion_n so_o rank_a and_o wicked_a that_o this_o pretence_n of_o a_o self-defence_n of_o man_n life_n estate_n and_o liberty_n may_v not_o justify_v whereas_o indeed_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o natural_a and_o civil_a justice_n for_o the_o injure_a party_n to_o be_v his_o own_o judge_n and_o executioner_n too_o for_o then_o the_o other_o side_n may_v pretend_v to_o the_o like_a right_n and_o the_o trial_n must_v be_v refer_v to_o force_n and_o arm_n in_o which_o contention_n if_o the_o people_n be_v overcome_v they_o be_v certain_o reduce_v to_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o they_o be_v before_o but_o if_o the_o prince_n or_o supreme_a magistrate_n have_v the_o worst_a on_o it_o the_o civil_a power_n then_o in_o be_v be_v absolute_o ruin_v so_o that_o whether_o the_o people_n or_o magistrate_n overcome_v the_o state_n of_o both_o of_o they_o be_v very_o deplorable_a beside_o divers_a other_o evil_a consequence_n of_o this_o doctrine_n which_o i_o shall_v defer_v till_o i_o hear_v what_o you_o can_v say_v to_o what_o i_o have_v now_o urge_v against_o your_o opinion_n f._n you_o have_v make_v a_o very_a plausible_a speech_n in_o set_v forth_o the_o dreadful_a consequence_n of_o this_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o and_o i_o confess_v if_o what_o you_o lay_v down_o be_v true_a viz._n that_o such_o resistance_n always_o bring_v along_o with_o it_o great_a misery_n upon_o a_o people_n than_o what_o the_o utmost_a violence_n and_o oppression_n of_o prince_n can_v produce_v than_o your_o consequence_n will_v be_v also_o true_a that_o such_o resistance_n be_v never_o to_o be_v practise_v upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o that_o be_v not_o true_a neither_o will_v your_o consequence_n signify_v anything_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o a_o tyrant_n and_o that_o that_o part_n of_o mankind_n who_o live_v under_o he_o may_v be_v sensible_a of_o his_o tyranny_n or_o else_o the_o definition_n which_o king_n jame_v i_o give_v we_o of_o a_o tyrant_n in_o a_o speech_n which_o he_o make_v to_o the_o parliament_n in_o 1603_o will_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a but_o the_o word_n be_v so_o fit_a for_o this_o purpose_n that_o i_o will_v read_v they_o to_o you_o out_o of_o his_o work_n i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o special_a and_o great_a point_n of_o difference_n that_o be_v between_o a_o rightful_a king_n and_o a_o usurp_a tyrant_n be_v this_o that_o whereas_o the_o proud_a and_o ambitious_a tyrant_n do_v think_v his_o kingdom_n and_o people_n be_v only_o ordain_v for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o desire_n and_o unreasonable_a appetite_n the_o righteous_a and_o just_a king_n do_v by_o the_o contrary_n acknowledge_v himself_o to_o be_v ordain_v for_o the_o procure_n of_o the_o wealth_n and_o prosperity_n of_o his_o people_n and_o so_o likewise_o in_o another_o speech_n he_o make_v to_o the_o parliament_n he_o have_v this_o memorable_a passage_n that_o a_o king_n govern_v in_o a_o settle_a kingdom_n leave_v to_o be_v a_o king_n and_o degenerate_v into_o a_o tyrant_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o cease_v to_o rule_v according_a to_o the_o law_n so_o that_o since_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o people_n may_v judge_v when_o they_o have_v a_o tyrant_n instead_o of_o a_o king_n to_o rule_v over_o they_o and_o that_o under_o such_o a_o tyrant_n the_o condition_n of_o the_o people_n may_v be_v very_o deplorable_a the_o question_n still_o remain_v what_o be_v best_a for_o they_o to_o do_v in_o this_o case_n whether_o it_o be_v better_a for_o they_o or_o they_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o nature_n patient_o to_o submit_v to_o it_o or_o else_o if_o they_o can_v either_o by_o their_o own_o force_n or_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o foreign_a prince_n to_o cast_v off_o the_o yoke_n and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v still_o maintain_v that_o they_o may_v do_v it_o notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v yet_o urge_v to_o the_o contrary_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o though_o you_o count_v it_o a_o almost_o impossible_a thing_n to_o suppose_v that_o a_o prince_n or_o monarch_n will_v ever_o go_v about_o to_o murder_v or_o destroy_v his_o subject_n yet_o as_o incredible_a as_o it_o be_v i_o can_v give_v you_o several_a example_n out_o of_o history_n both_o ancient_n and_o modern_a that_o some_o tyrant_n have_v be_v so_o brutish_a as_o not_o only_o to_o endeavour_v it_o but_o actual_o to_o put_v it_o in_o practice_n of_o the_o first_o kind_n be_v that_o of_o caligula_n who_o suetonius_n mention_n to_o have_v wish_v that_o all_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v but_o one_o neck_n that_o he_o may_v cut_v it_o off_o at_o once_o the_o other_o be_v of_o nero_n in_o the_o same_o author_n as_o also_o in_o tacitus_n who_o set_v the_o city_n of_o rome_n on_o fire_n and_o consequent_o will_v have_v burn_v all_o the_o people_n in_o it_o to_o please_v his_o humour_n and_o that_o he_o may_v sing_v his_o ballad_n of_o the_o destruction_n of_o troy_n the_o more_o natural_o whilst_o it_o burn_v a_o three_o example_n i_o find_v relate_v in_o mocquet_n travel_n into_o the_o east-indies_n of_o a_o certain_a king_n of_o pegu_n 333._o about_o a_o hundred_o year_n ago_o who_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o some_o of_o his_o diabolical_a priest_n or_o magician_n take_v such_o a_o aversion_n to_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o destroy_v they_o and_o therefore_o forbid_v they_o to_o sow_v their_o land_n for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n by_o which_o mean_v a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o die_v of_o famine_n or_o be_v force_v to_o devour_v each_o other_o and_o in_o such_o case_n as_o these_o i_o suppose_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n will_v justify_v self-defence_n in_o the_o people_n and_o sure_o it_o have_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n to_o have_v resist_v
establish_a religion_n of_o his_o country_n and_o to_o introduce_v a_o different_a one_o by_o his_o own_o sole_a authority_n whilst_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o people_n continue_v of_o another_o opinion_n in_o this_o case_n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o the_o subject_n have_v a_o right_a to_o resist_v their_o prince_n for_o so_o do_v for_o then_o the_o roman_n may_v just_o have_v rebel_v against_o constantine_n when_o he_o shut_v up_o the_o heathen_a temple_n and_o forbid_v all_o public_a sacrifice_n to_o their_o god_n and_o thereby_o make_v the_o christian_a religion_n the_o establish_a profession_n of_o the_o empire_n f._n but_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a may_v not_o constantine_n have_v a_o right_a to_o do_v this_o because_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v the_o only_a true_a one_o and_o that_o the_o idolatry_n the_o roman_n then_o practise_v be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n m._n whatever_o weight_n there_o may_v be_v in_o this_o answer_n yet_o you_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o put_v this_o question_n now_o since_o you_o have_v already_o viz._n at_o our_o first_o conference_n assert_v that_o a_o erroneous_a conscience_n give_v man_n a_o right_a to_o follow_v it_o during_o the_o time_n they_o be_v under_o this_o ignorance_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o roman_a emperor_n have_v not_o a_o right_a to_o do_v this_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n without_o any_o resistance_n the_o subject_n whilst_o they_o believe_v the_o worship_n of_o their_o god_n to_o be_v thereby_o destroy_v might_n nay_o aught_o to_o have_v resist_v the_o emperor_n rather_o than_o to_o have_v suffer_v he_o to_o have_v alter_v the_o ancient_a religion_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o to_o have_v bring_v in_o another_o which_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o upstart_n and_o it_o be_v very_o natural_a for_o man_n to_o do_v so_o since_o nothing_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o dear_a to_o they_o than_o the_o worship_n and_o honour_n of_o god_n f._n i_o do_v not_o desire_v at_o present_a to_o embark_v myself_o in_o this_o tedious_a and_o troublesome_a dispute_n about_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o to_o it_o at_o present_a but_o if_o your_o assertion_n be_v true_a that_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n may_v set_v up_o what_o religion_n he_o please_v without_o be_v resist_v by_o the_o subject_n who_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v of_o another_o persuasion_n it_o will_v then_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o french_a king_n or_o emperor_n of_o muscâ—vy_n shall_v turn_v mahometan_a and_o shall_v set_v up_o that_o superstition_n by_o force_n for_o the_o public_a and_o national_a religion_n of_o the_o country_n though_o with_o the_o destruction_n of_o all_o that_o shall_v oppose_v it_o none_o of_o their_o subject_n may_v resist_v they_o in_o so_o do_v and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o consider_v what_o you_o have_v gain_v 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they_o that_o by_o shoot_v they_o will_v also_o call_v in_o the_o neighbour_a town_n who_o may_v be_v too_o strong_a for_o all_o their_o fellow_n thief_n now_o if_o you_o will_v but_o take_v these_o honest_a people_n of_o the_o next_o town_n for_o such_o neighbour_a prince_n or_o state_n who_o may_v join_v in_o the_o assistance_n of_o such_o a_o oppress_v people_n this_o simile_n will_v full_o answer_v your_o argument_n of_o those_o neighbour_a prince_n that_o may_v take_v part_n with_o a_o oppress_v tyrant_n and_o as_o for_o the_o consequence_n of_o such_o assistance_n on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o that_o it_o may_v happen_v to_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o they_o be_v before_o viz._n a_o subjection_n to_o foreigner_n as_o i_o have_v put_v the_o case_n it_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n to_o detâ—r_v the_o people_n from_o resist_v for_o if_o they_o be_v as_o i_o suppose_v reduce_v to_o a_o condition_n of_o slavery_n before_o and_o have_v lose_v all_o 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seize_v their_o estate_n as_o the_o french_a king_n have_v exercise_v upon_o his_o protestant_a subject_n can_v any_o reasonable_a man_n believe_v that_o we_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o obligation_n thus_o to_o suffer_v in_o a_o country_n where_o the_o people_n be_v all_o christian_n as_o we_o be_v if_o we_o have_v happen_v to_o be_v convert_v in_o a_o country_n where_o almost_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v mahometan_n or_o heathen_n and_o where_o the_o mahometan_a or_o pagan_a religion_n have_v be_v for_o many_o age_n the_o establish_v religion_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o government_n for_o in_o our_o case_n there_o be_v no_o far_a occasion_n to_o bear_v witness_n to_o the_o truth_n by_o patient_a suffer_v for_o it_o nor_o yet_o of_o propagate_a it_o by_o our_o martyrdom_n since_o all_o the_o people_n among_o who_o we_o live_v be_v sufficient_o convince_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o our_o saviour_n shall_v give_v up_o whole_a nation_n to_o be_v thus_o destroy_v at_o the_o will_n of_o one_o or_o a_o few_o man_n only_o to_o do_v that_o of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o need_n for_o then_o jesus_n christ_n have_v deliver_v we_o up_o to_o be_v mere_a slave_n and_o vassal_n to_o the_o will_n and_o humour_n of_o every_o wicked_a tyrant_n which_o you_o seem_v to_o disapprove_v without_o perform_v any_o of_o those_o great_a end_n for_o which_o he_o at_o first_o enjoin_v this_o submission_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o affliction_n and_o suffering_n of_o christian_n on_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n be_v as_o particular_o order_v and_o determine_v by_o god_n as_o those_o of_o christ_n himself_o yet_o it_o be_v only_o as_o they_o may_v be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o high_a end_n viz._n the_o propagation_n of_o his_o religion_n and_o the_o good_a and_o peace_n of_o mankind_n which_o i_o think_v can_v be_v well_o promote_v by_o suppose_v a_o irresistible_a power_n in_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n of_o 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against_o the_o violent_a assault_n and_o oppression_n of_o prince_n or_o state_n they_o have_v still_o the_o same_o liberty_n leave_v entire_a in_o all_o case_n which_o remain_v not_o except_v by_o the_o express_a precept_n or_o example_n of_o christ_n since_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n in_o all_o positive_a law_n that_o whatever_o be_v not_o except_v or_o alter_v by_o a_o subsequent_a law_n remain_v the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v before_o in_o all_o other_o case_n which_o be_v not_o so_o particular_o except_v and_o therefore_o though_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o it_o be_v now_o unlawful_a in_o any_o case_n to_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n who_o persecute_v or_o put_v man_n to_o death_n for_o bear_v witness_n to_o christ_n true_a religion_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o resist_v in_o any_o other_o case_n whatsoever_o though_o it_o be_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o life_n liberty_n or_o property_n since_o such_o defence_n be_v 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a_o arbitrary_a tyrannical_a power_n that_o they_o be_v safe_a in_o god_n hand_n and_o that_o all_o the_o power_n of_o mâ—n_z or_o devil_n can_v touch_v they_o till_o god_n by_o a_o positive_a decree_n appoint_v and_o order_v their_o suffering_n for_o if_o this_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n against_o all_o resistance_n it_o will_v be_v so_o likewise_o against_o resist_a pirate_n or_o robber_n since_o whatever_o we_o suffer_v from_o they_o be_v by_o god_n positive_a decree_n who_o thus_o order_v all_o our_o suffering_n even_o from_o they_o and_o 〈◊〉_d i_o think_v since_o man_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v save_v by_o miracle_n he_o have_v like_o wise_a also_o ordain_v resistance_n as_o the_o only_a human_a mean_n to_o prevent_v their_o malice_n and_o violence_n or_o escape_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n when_o we_o fall_v under_o they_o nor_o be_v the_o same_o end_v unlawful_a against_o any_o other_o humane_a power_n but_o what_o god_n himself_o have_v ordain_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o 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suffer_v indeed_o a_o wondrous_a use_n of_o consolation_n and_o therefore_o unless_o you_o can_v prove_v that_o all_o tyranny_n be_v ordain_v by_o god_n for_o our_o good_a and_o that_o therefore_o we_o be_v oblige_v under_o pain_n of_o everlasting_a damnation_n to_o submit_v to_o it_o all_o that_o you_o have_v speak_v concern_v the_o example_n and_o suffering_n of_o christ_n signify_v just_a nothing_o so_o that_o i_o think_v the_o absurdity_n still_o lie_v at_o your_o door_n since_o if_o christ_n have_v not_o express_o forbid_v all_o resistance_n of_o the_o unjust_a violence_n of_o prince_n as_o i_o do_v not_o find_v he_o have_v by_o any_o of_o the_o text_n you_o have_v yet_o bring_v every_o man_n may_v defend_v his_o life_n against_o he_o who_o you_o grant_v have_v no_o authority_n to_o take_v it_o away_o and_o as_o for_o its_o
voluntate_fw-la regis_fw-la teâ—â—ere_fw-la praesumptum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la consilio_fw-la magistratuum_fw-la suoâ—an_fw-la rege_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la praesâ—aâ—â—e_fw-la &_o babâ—â—a_fw-la super_fw-la hoâ—_n deliberatâ—one_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v in_o the_o time_n when_o this_o author_n write_v the_o king_n can_v do_v no_o more_o by_o his_o prerogative_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v he_o to_o do_v and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v his_o will_n and_o authority_n that_o give_v vigour_n to_o the_o law_n yet_o this_o only_a as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o parliament_n and_o in_o those_o act_n which_o have_v before_o receive_v the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n here_o call_v the_o king_n magistrate_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v do_v what_o you_o can_v to_o confound_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n declaration_n or_o writ_n explain_v and_o enforce_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n or_o else_o interpret_n former_a act_n of_o 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the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o the_o chief_a justiciar_n of_o ireland_n command_v and_o enforce_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o coparcener_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o ireland_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v to_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n which_o may_v be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o justice_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o some_o article_n in_o that_o statute_n and_o this_o for_o its_o great_a authority_n exemplify_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o so_o send_v to_o all_o the_o court_n at_o westminster_n and_o often_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o all_o the_o county_n in_o england_n yet_o without_o alter_v that_o statute_n in_o some_o point_n as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v of_o the_o statute_n of_o acon_n burnel_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o rash_o do_v to_o conclude_v that_o though_o we_o have_v not_o the_o original_a act_n and_o record_n of_o parliament_n of_o that_o time_n that_o therefore_o such_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n alone_o in_o his_o privy_a council_n so_o that_o i_o must_v still_o continue_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o the_o great_a selden_n in_o this_o point_n who_o in_o his_o marâ—_n clausum_fw-la tell_v we_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n no_o answer_n be_v give_v either_o by_o the_o king_n or_o in_o the_o king_n name_n to_o any_o parliamentary_a bill_n before_o that_o bill_n whether_o it_o be_v bring_v in_o first_o by_o the_o lord_n or_o by_o the_o commons_o have_v past_o both_o house_n as_o be_v know_v to_o all_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o parliamentary_a affair_n which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o signify_v very_o little_a in_o what_o form_n the_o law_n be_v express_a whether_o in_o the_o king_n name_n only_o as_o give_v the_o last_o assent_n thereto_o or_o else_o as_o his_o concession_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o 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droict_n faict_v comme_fw-fr est_fw-fr desire_n the_o next_o mistake_v you_o fall_v into_o proceed_v from_o your_o confound_v the_o king_n be_v extraordinary_a council_n in_o parliament_n with_o the_o king_n be_v special_a or_o privy_a council_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n make_v this_o a_o four_o estate_n by_o who_o as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o law_n be_v often_o make_v whereas_o indeed_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v true_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v often_o make_v mention_n in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n or_o record_n of_o the_o king_n council_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o his_o privy_a council_n but_o of_o a_o special_a council_n with_o who_o our_o king_n be_v former_o sit_v during_o the_o time_n of_o parliament_n and_o before_o who_o and_o to_o who_o we_o find_v by_o divers_a record_n that_o both_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o do_v often_o petition_n as_o you_o yourself_o do_v true_o affirm_v but_o that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o king_n be_v privy_a council_n but_o another_o quite_o different_a from_o it_o and_o to_o which_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o fleâ—a_n refer_v in_o his_o second_o book_n cap._n 2._o habet_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o concilio_n svo_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la suis_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la praelatis_fw-la comit._n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n the_o lord_n treasurer_n chancellor_n and_o keeper_n of_o the_o privy_a seal_n master_n of_o the_o wardrobe_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n common_a plea_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n justice_n itinerant_n and_o justice_n of_o assize_n with_o such_o of_o the_o dignify_v clergy_n as_o it_o please_v the_o king_n to_o call_v which_o that_o they_o be_v altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o king_n be_v privy_a council_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o that_o the_o late_a never_o include_v all_o the_o judge_n nor_o do_v the_o privy_a council_n ever_o exercise_v any_o judicial_a authority_n in_o parliament_n as_o this_o council_n do_v in_o those_o day_n but_o that_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v see_v the_o statute_n of_o escheator_n make_v 29_o edw._n i._o dorso_n and_o in_o the_o placita_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la of_o that_o year_n the_o statute_n run_v thus_o per_fw-la consilium_fw-la regis_fw-la concordatum_fw-la est_fw-la coram_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la ipso_fw-la consentiente_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n it_o be_v clear_o explain_v who_o be_v of_o this_o council_n their_o name_n be_v there_o particular_o recite_v viz._n all_o the_o great_a officer_n abovementioned_a together_o with_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n court_n and_o justice_n itinerant_a etc._n etc._n which_o be_v likewise_o explain_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v 9_o edw._n 2._o rex_fw-la voluit_fw-la quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la thesaurarius_fw-la barones_n soaccarii_fw-la justiâ—iarii_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la londin_n 9_o existente_fw-la convenirent_fw-la i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o two_o more_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n in_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v the_o king_n be_v ordinary_a privy_a council_n 97._o the_o first_o be_v in_o placit_fw-la parliament_n 2_o edw._n 3._o in_o a_o cause_n betwixt_o thomas_n fitz-peter_n and_o alienora_n wife_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr mowbray_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la the_o record_n be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o to_o the_o justice_n et_fw-la si_fw-la difficultas_fw-la aliqua_fw-la subfuerit_fw-la quare_fw-la praemissa_fw-la facere_fw-la non_fw-la possâ—tis_fw-la tunâ—_n placitum_fw-la illâ—â—d_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o prox._n parliamentum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la udjornetis_fw-gr ut_fw-la ibidem_fw-la â—unc_fw-la inde_fw-la fieri_fw-la valeat_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la nostro_fw-la fuerit_fw-la faciendum_fw-la by_o which_o we_o may_v very_o
nor_o a_o jurisdiction_n it_o be_v by_o this_o very_a body_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v whole_o derive_v from_o he_o nor_o have_v you_o yet_o answer_v this_o argument_n nor_o i_o believe_v can_v you_o do_v it_o f._n as_o for_o your_o history_n which_o you_o promise_v to_o give_v i_o of_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o our_o first_o saxon_n and_o norman_a king_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o defer_v the_o speak_n of_o it_o till_o another_o time_n it_o be_v now_o late_o yet_o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o to_o prove_v that_o what_o i_o assert_v concern_v the_o limit_a power_n of_o our_o king_n even_o by_o the_o original_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n be_v no_o romance_n but_o true_a history_n nor_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o you_o have_v now_o urge_v to_o the_o contrary_a prevalent_a enough_o with_o i_o to_o alter_v my_o opinion_n for_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v somewhat_o more_o than_o i_o but_o now_o assert_v viz._n that_o the_o wittena_n gemote_v or_o great_a council_n 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it_o be_v a_o old_a maxim_n à _fw-la facto_fw-la ad_fw-la ius_n non_fw-la valet_fw-la consequentia_fw-la so_o it_o be_v no_o true_a way_n of_o proof_n to_o argue_v from_o a_o illegal_a exercise_n or_o abuse_v of_o power_n to_o a_o legal_a right_n or_o prerogative_n and_o though_o the_o parliament_n may_v not_o always_o actual_o question_v or_o find_v fault_n with_o their_o king_n for_o thus_o neglect_v to_o call_v they_o because_o perhaps_o the_o public_a sustain_v no_o present_a damage_n from_o it_o and_o that_o they_o thereby_o escape_v the_o give_v the_o king_n those_o tax_n and_o aid_n which_o he_o usual_o demand_v of_o they_o at_o such_o time_n yet_o when_o the_o long_a forbearance_n of_o omission_n of_o parliament_n become_v a_o general_a grievance_n by_o reason_n of_o those_o encroachment_n that_o the_o king_n and_o great_a man_n often_o make_v upon_o the_o people_n liberty_n in_o those_o interval_n and_o that_o the_o king_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o his_o 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that_o because_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n as_o likewise_o divers_a of_o his_o predecessor_n do_v nominate_v bishop_n to_o see_v therefore_o they_o do_v likewise_o receive_v from_o they_o all_o the_o authority_n they_o have_v of_o appear_v and_o act_v in_o general_a council_n which_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o be_v too_o good_a a_o church_n of_o england_n man_n to_o affirm_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o do_v so_o close_o examine_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o confer_v of_o bishopric_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o i_o find_v you_o have_v do_v and_o i_o will_v better_o examine_v your_o authority_n and_o if_o i_o find_v this_o custom_n to_o have_v be_v constant_a and_o uniform_a i_o shall_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n though_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o prove_v to_o have_v be_v so_o general_a as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o by_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v out_o of_o mat._n paris_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n who_o give_v leave_v 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thanes_z who_o name_n be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n after_o the_o principes_fw-la deuce_n and_o comâ—â—â—s_n and_o that_o though_o many_o of_o they_o may_v be_v the_o king_n feudal_n thanes_z or_o 〈◊〉_d grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n in_o chief_a as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 515._o yet_o that_o author_n no_o where_o exclude_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z from_o have_v voice_n in_o those_o assembly_n who_o be_v afterward_o style_v vavissour_n or_o lord_n of_o township_n afterward_o call_v maunor_n with_o court_n annex_v to_o they_o under_o the_o name_n of_o sac_n &_o soc_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o court_n 〈◊〉_d and_o courtbaron_n especial_o if_o you_o please_v far_o to_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a nâ—mber_n of_o alâ—dariâ—_n or_o free_a tenant_n there_o be_v then_o who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v of_o all_o service_n but_o the_o common_a burden_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o nation_n none_o but_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thanes_z be_v hold_v by_o military_a service_n before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o saxon_a council_n will_v find_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o person_n that_o appear_v there_o do_v not_o owe_v their_o 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o be_v the_o king_n minister_n or_o officer_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o to_o their_o hold_v such_o land_n and_o possâ—ssions_n as_o capacitate_v they_o and_o give_v they_o a_o right_a to_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n and_o that_o this_o be_v 〈◊〉_d we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelâ—â—an_n where_o you_o will_v find_v gâ—mility_n itself_o annex_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o land_n 54._o for_o if_o you_o will_v but_o be_v please_v to_o consult_v king_n athelston_n law_n you_o will_v there_o find_v that_o if_o a_o villaâ—aus_n or_o câ—eorl_n can_v so_o thrive_v as_o to_o get_v a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n he_o be_v reckon_v a_o thane_n i._n e._n a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n as_o they_o be_v promiscuoul_o reckon_v at_o that_o time_n so_o that_o though_o i_o suppose_v there_o may_v not_o be_v in_o those_o time_n that_o exact_a distinction_n between_o peer_n and_o commons_o as_o there_o have_v be_v establish_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o effect_n since_o the_o bishop_n earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o shire_n though_o not_o enjoy_v as_o hereditary_a honour_n may_v make_v then_o the_o great_a nobility_n or_o peer_n as_o the_o thanes_z be_v the_o less_o nobility_n gentleman_n or_o freeholder_n who_o all_o appear_v in_o person_n may_v together_o with_o
atque_fw-la supâ—_n mâ—nerâ—_n ministri_fw-la notantur_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o perambulation_n of_o kent_n sai_z 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v usual_o take_v for_o the_o very_a same_o that_o we_o call_v now_o from_o the_o latin_a word_n gentilis_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o man_n well_o bear_v or_o of_o good_a stock_n and_o family_n so_o that_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o best_a critic_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o word_n thane_n do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o parliament_n as_o he_o be_v now_o call_v in_o distinction_n to_o a_o inferior_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o burgh_n thanes_z thanes_z of_o city_n and_o borough_n will_v evident_o appear_v from_o a_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n westmin_fw-la which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d willem_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d alle_fw-mi my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d on_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o charter_n with_o divers_a other_o of_o like_a nature_n confirm_v the_o privilege_n of_o that_o monastery_n be_v collect_v by_o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n call_v sulcardus_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o for_o the_o word_n magnate_v though_o i_o grant_v it_o there_o often_o signify_v great_a man_n or_o lord_n yet_o not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n or_o nobleman_n by_o birth_n but_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o several_a instance_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o norman_a entrance_n that_o it_o likewise_o also_o comprehend_v the_o gentry_n or_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o such_o as_o be_v eminent_a and_o considerable_a either_o in_o the_o country_n or_o city_n for_o interest_n office_n or_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la i_o know_v it_o signify_v the_o better_a or_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n yet_o not_o always_o great_a nobleman_n or_o lord_n for_o in_o monastic_a anglic._n tom._n 3._o we_o read_v of_o one_o goda_n who_o under_o edw._n the_o confessor_n subscribe_v himself_o optimatem_fw-la &_o ministrum_fw-la regalem_fw-la i._n e._n thane_n and_o lest_o you_o shall_v apprehend_v that_o optimas_fw-la shall_v always_o signify_v the_o king_n thane_n or_o tenent_n in_o capite_fw-la du_fw-fr fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n define_v optimates_fw-la to_o be_v vassalli_n barones_n qui_fw-la ab_fw-la ullo_fw-la domino_fw-la ratione_fw-la hominu_n need_n pendet_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o word_n optimates_fw-la when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n not_o long_o after_o william_n the_o first_o in_o the_o next_o place_n for_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la it_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o isidore_n a_o spanish_a author_n in_o the_o gothic-time_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o say_v thus_o proceres_fw-la sunt_fw-la principes_fw-la civium_fw-la and_o that_o this_o word_n often_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o city_n or_o burgh_n 56._o appear_v by_o alfrick_n ancient_a glossary_a where_o these_o word_n proceres_fw-la primate_fw-la vel_fw-la primores_fw-la he_o thus_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d buph_n papa_n 420._o and_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n say_v also_o proceres_fw-la appâ—â—labantur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la pracipuos_fw-la magistratus_fw-la gerebant_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la any_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n know_v that_o it_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v prince_n or_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o any_o chief_a or_o principal_a man_n remarkable_a by_o place_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o therefore_o we_o often_o read_v in_o livy_n and_o other_o latin_a author_n of_o principes_fw-la civitatis_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o suppose_v every_o member_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la principes_fw-la among_o the_o most_o considerable_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o when_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n as_o well_o before_o as_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n do_v often_o after_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n add_v &_o caeteri_fw-la totiâ—â—_n regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la as_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o these_o writer_n do_v not_o then_o mean_v what_o you_o will_v understand_v by_o these_o word_n only_a prince_n earl_n or_o great_a lord_n mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n teach_v we_o 605._o when_o speak_v of_o this_o word_n principes_fw-la as_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a of_o any_o say_v that_o though_o princeps_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a be_v proper_a to_o every_o earl_n or_o alderman_n yet_o in_o the_o plural_a principes_fw-la be_v more_o often_o apply_v comprehensive_o to_o other_o also_o of_o less_o though_o of_o special_a eminency_n such_o as_o be_v viri_fw-la primarii_fw-la or_o thanes_z and_o for_o this_o he_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelwulf_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v by_o w._n of_o malmsbury_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 2._o and_o ingulph_n wherein_o that_o king_n grant_v tithe_n frank._n and_o divers_a other_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n abbey_n of_o malmsbury_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v consilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la snorum_fw-la as_o also_o of_o hen._n hunt_n ibid._n who_o relate_v the_o election_n of_o harold_n the_o son_n of_o king_n cnute_n express_v it_o thus_o fuit_fw-la magnum_fw-la placitum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxonford_n ubi_fw-la leofricus_n consul_n &_o omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la eligerunt_fw-la heraldum_n last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la there_o can_v be_v nothing_o in_o that_o word_n which_o can_v limit_v it_o only_o to_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n since_o it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n of_o wise_a man_n or_o senator_n and_o may_v also_o well_o refer_v to_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n or_o representative_n of_o great_a city_n and_o borough_n for_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n tell_v we_o 700._o that_o among_o the_o lâ—mbards_n sapientes_fw-la in_o italia_n appellabant_fw-la &_o civitatum_fw-la cives_fw-la primarii_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la respublicae_fw-la gerebantur_fw-la hieron_n rubeus_n lib._n hist._n raven_n anno_fw-la 1297._o sed_fw-la long_o antea_fw-la illud_fw-la nomen_fw-la abtâ—â—uit_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la longobardâ—rum_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la ut_fw-la colligere_fw-la liceret_fw-la ex_fw-la ottone_n &_o acerbo_fw-la morena_n in_o hist._n rerum_fw-la lâ—ndevetium_n etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v this_o authority_n inconsiderable_a since_o the_o lombard_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o goth_n gothicam_fw-la from_o who_o also_o the_o english_a saxon_n have_v their_o original_a and_o have_v the_o like_a fundamental_a constitution_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o much_o the_o same_o law_n but_o that_o the_o title_n of_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la be_v often_o attribute_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n i_o shall_v explain_v to_o you_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n where_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o divers_a petition_n be_v direct_v a_o tres_fw-la sage_n les_fw-fr commune_v and_o sure_o whosoever_o be_v choose_v by_o a_o county_n city_n or_o borough_n as_o their_o representative_a and_o be_v by_o they_o think_v wise_a enough_o to_o be_v trust_v with_o their_o purse_n and_o to_o make_v law_n for_o they_o may_v very_o well_o i_o think_v be_v call_v in_o old_a english_a a_o wite_n or_o in_o our_o modern_a dialect_n a_o disercet_a or_o wise_a man_n but_o let_v this_o word_n wite_v signify_v what_o it_o will_v yet_o it_o can_v never_o mean_v here_o great_a lawyer_n or_o judge_n as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o since_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o law_n be_v then_o a_o trade_n or_o profession_n or_o not_o and_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o those_o day_n have_v not_o any_o more_o voice_n in_o make_v law_n than_o they_o have_v now_o or_o any_o more_o to_o do_v in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o bare_a draw_v of_o they_o up_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v since_o if_o they_o have_v any_o such_o power_n in_o those_o day_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v our_o king_n will_v ever_o have_v let_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o since_o it_o be_v so_o advantageous_a to_o their_o prerogative_n that_o they_o shall_v keep_v it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o divers_a other_o authority_n though_o of_o late_a date_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v often_o include_v under_o the_o word_n sapientes_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o i_o refer_v those_o for_o the_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n but_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v so_o
be_v the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o authority_n before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v believe_v that_o all_o the_o person_n who_o the_o historian_n relate_v to_o have_v perish_v by_o this_o fall_n of_o the_o council_n chamber_n to_o have_v be_v all_o of_o they_o actual_a member_n of_o that_o assembly_n since_o there_o may_v have_v be_v there_o divers_a person_n who_o though_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n may_v have_v be_v present_v auditor_n or_o looker_n on_o it_o not_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n to_o hold_v those_o council_n so_o private_o as_o we_o do_v now_o so_o that_o divers_a of_o the_o common_a or_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n call_v here_o ignobiles_fw-la and_o perhaps_o of_o the_o inferior_a gentry_n too_o be_v there_o may_v all_o partake_v of_o this_o common_a ruin_n and_o so_o pay_v dear_a for_o their_o needless_a curiosity_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o do_v not_o assent_v to_o your_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o i_o can_v believe_v unless_o you_o can_v show_v i_o very_o good_a authority_n for_o it_o that_o ever_o the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgus_fw-la in_o the_o sense_n you_o take_v they_o be_v let_v in_o only_a to_o gaze_v at_o such_o assembly_n for_o what_o room_n can_v have_v contain_v so_o great_a a_o crowd_n and_o if_o they_o be_v in_o those_o day_n so_o great_a slave_n as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n please_v to_o make_v they_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o crowd_n into_o the_o great_a council_n then_o any_o more_o than_o now_o when_o you_o allow_v they_o more_o liberty_n and_o great_a privilege_n than_o they_o then_o enjoy_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o stick_v to_o the_o arch-bishop_n opinion_n who_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v be_v the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n who_o be_v all_o involve_a in_o this_o ruin_n but_o let_v this_o pass_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v you_o a_o authority_n of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v under_o king_n ethelred_n which_o will_v farther_o confirm_v our_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la which_o council_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o one_a volume_n of_o monasticâ—â—_n anglic_n contain_v a_o concession_n and_o confirmation_n of_o divers_a privilege_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o wolverhampton_n in_o these_o word_n 2._o haec_fw-la decreta_fw-la sunt_fw-la sigerich_n archiepiscopi_fw-la in_o placito_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la ethelredo_fw-la &_o eboracensi_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la britanniâ—_n seu_fw-la senatoribus_fw-la ducibus_fw-la &_o popâ—lo_fw-la terrae_fw-la where_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o the_o populus_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v here_o put_v as_o a_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n from_o all_o the_o rest_n aforego_v to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o time_n after_o the_o danish_a invasion_n and_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o king_n knute_n who_o after_o he_o be_v make_v king_n partly_o by_o conquest_n and_o partly_o by_o election_n yet_o alter_v nothing_o of_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o therefore_o florence_n of_o worcester_n tell_v we_o that_o anno_fw-la 1017_o being_n the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 619._o he_o divide_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n into_o four_o part_n and_o also_o foedus_fw-la cum_fw-la principibus_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o illi_fw-la cum_fw-la ipso_fw-la parcus_fw-la cessâ—runt_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o populus_fw-la or_o commons_o be_v put_v distinct_a by_o this_o author_n from_o the_o great_a lordâ—_n or_o nobleman_n here_o call_v principes_fw-la and_o this_o council_n be_v call_v by_o abbot_n bromton_n in_o his_o history_n parliamentum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxoniam_fw-la 908._o and_o also_o in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o briadricesworth_n since_o call_v st._n edmundsbâ—ry_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n it_o be_v thus_o recite_v ego_fw-la cnut_n rex_fw-la totius_fw-la albionis_fw-la insulae_fw-la &_o aliarum_fw-la nationum_fw-la plurâ—marum_fw-la in_fw-la cathedra_fw-la regali_fw-la promotus_fw-la cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la eligi_fw-la sanciend_n whence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o under_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v other_o person_n of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n or_o order_n to_o the_o comites_fw-la or_o earl_n there_o mention_v and_o these_o can_v mean_v no_o other_o than_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o who_o i_o have_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o these_o council_n m._n i_o can_v believe_v you_o have_v yet_o prove_v it_o for_o though_o i_o have_v hitherto_o omit_v to_o give_v you_o my_o thought_n of_o this_o word_n fidelium_fw-la yet_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o once_o for_o all_o that_o by_o this_o word_n be_v not_o here_o mean_v or_o any_o where_o else_o in_o our_o saxon_a law_n to_o be_v understand_v the_o ordinary_a or_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n or_o any_o that_o represent_v they_o but_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v then_o call_v the_o king_n thanes_z and_o be_v afterward_o the_o same_o with_o the_o barones_n minores_fw-la mention_v in_o king_n john_n s_o charter_n but_o i_o shall_v plain_o prove_v when_o i_o come_v to_o it_o that_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la after_o the_o conquest_n signify_v only_o the_o king_n s_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o mirite_n who_o we_o find_v to_o be_v witness_n after_o the_o duke_n or_o earl_n to_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n cnute_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v this_o word_n fideles_fw-la do_v in_o a_o common_a or_o large_a acceptation_n signify_v all_o such_o subject_n as_o owe_v fealty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n yet_o in_o a_o strict_a and_o legal_a signification_n as_o it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v take_v it_o signify_v only_o the_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o dr._n b._n have_v very_o well_o show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n and_o therefore_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n himself_o distinguish_v between_o these_o and_o all_o other_o subject_n fideles_fw-la in_o these_o word_n interâ—um_fw-la specialiter_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la â—dem_fw-la qui_fw-la vasalli_n qui_fw-la fâ—udo_fw-la accâ—pto_fw-la in_o patron_n fide_fw-la &_o cliâ—ntela_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicissimque_fw-la suamci_fw-la certi_fw-la obsequii_fw-la nomine_fw-la fidem_fw-la astrinxerunt_fw-la but_o indeed_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o understand_v it_o in_o your_o sense_n for_o then_o all_o that_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o be_v call_v fideles_fw-la shall_v have_v have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o all_o the_o man_n in_o england_n above_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n must_v have_v be_v there_o in_o person_n which_o will_v have_v be_v a_o pretty_a large_a assembly_n and_o such_o a_o multitude_n as_o no_o one_o place_n can_v have_v contain_v they_o f._n if_o what_o dr._n b._n in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o norman_a history_n pag._n 157._o as_o also_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n pag._n 20._o be_v true_a 156._o that_o fendal_n tenor_n owe_v their_o original_a to_o william_n the_o conqueror_n though_o in_o other_o place_n he_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n then_o certain_o this_o word_n fideles_fw-la must_v have_v be_v use_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n in_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o must_v have_v extend_v to_o all_o those_o who_o be_v bind_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n in_o the_o folk_n mote_n or_o county_n court_n as_o they_o do_v long_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o aught_o to_o do_v so_o still_o if_o require_v and_o therefore_o this_o word_n fideles_fw-la can_v be_v then_o no_o more_o limit_v to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o that_o time_n than_o it_o be_v now_o who_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o can_v not_o all_o be_v present_a in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o person_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v there_o by_o their_o delegate_n as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o who_o may_v also_o consist_v of_o far_o great_a number_n than_o they_o now_o do_v since_o we_o find_v in_o the_o council_n of_o winchester_n but_o now_o mention_v that_o after_o the_o duke_n earls_z and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v also_o add_v aliorâ—mque_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la which_o great_a multitude_n sure_o must_v have_v signify_v somewhat_o more_o than_o your_o chief_a thanes_z or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z or_o else_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la may_v very_o well_o have_v comprehend_v all_o the_o degree_n of_o layman_n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o by_o some_o better_a authority_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o word_n fideles_fw-la
and_o matt._n of_o westminster_n call_v some_o of_o they_o milites_fw-la yet_o this_o make_v nothing_o against_o our_o opinion_n for_o as_o i_o prove_v before_o the_o great_a milites_fw-la be_v often_o style_v baron_n and_o the_o baron_n milites_fw-la nor_o be_v this_o earl_n and_o the_o four_o baron_n here_o mention_v choose_a or_o send_v by_o the_o baronage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n to_o represent_v they_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n but_o be_v only_o pitch_v upon_o by_o a_o body_n of_o military_a man_n or_o baron_n at_o a_o tornament_n intend_v to_o have_v be_v hold_v at_o dunstable_n which_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o king_n and_o these_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o warn_v mr._n martin_n the_o pope_n clerk_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n matt._n paris_n give_v we_o of_o this_o business_n in_o the_o paragraph_n immediate_o follow_v so_o that_o the_o history_n of_o the_o thing_n make_v it_o plain_a who_o be_v the_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o wit_n the_o baron_n or_o the_o universitas_fw-la armatorum_fw-la who_o be_v meet_v to_o hold_v the_o tournament_n and_o these_o the_o king_n there_o call_v his_o baron_n and_o after_o this_o in_o the_o 30_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o the_o pope_n do_v not_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o their_o grievance_n the_o king_n call_v as_o this_o author_n tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d parliamentum_fw-la generalissimum_fw-la 696._o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la anglicani_n totalem_fw-la nobilitatem_fw-la londini_fw-la viz._n prelatorum_fw-la tam_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o priorum_fw-la quam_fw-la epiâ—coporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la quoque_fw-la &_o baronium_n ut_fw-la de_fw-la statu_fw-la regni_fw-la jam_fw-la 〈◊〉_d efficatiter_fw-la prout_fw-la exegit_fw-la urgens_fw-la necessitas_fw-la contrectarent_fw-la 106._o in_o this_o very_a parliament_n the_o king_n confer_v with_o the_o bishop_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n by_o themselves_o about_o this_o business_n of_o the_o pope_n not_o keep_v his_o promise_n and_o certain_o if_o there_o have_v be_v then_o any_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n he_o will_v have_v also_o confer_v with_o they_o about_o the_o same_o matter_n the_o result_n of_o all_o these_o conference_n be_v that_o yet_o for_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o the_o apostolic_a see_v they_o shall_v again_o supplicate_v the_o pope_n by_o letter_n to_o remove_v their_o intolerable_a grievance_n and_o insupportable_a yoke_n and_o this_o they_o do_v in_o separate_a conference_n the_o bishop_n write_v by_o themselves_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o earl_n baron_n etc._n etc._n by_o themselves_o to_o the_o pope_n and_o if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n they_o most_o certain_o will_v likewise_o have_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o parliament_n do_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o these_o commissioner_n send_v by_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n be_v all_o of_o they_o baron_n and_o no_o commoner_n among_o they_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o person_n that_o send_v they_o must_v have_v be_v all_o lord_n too_o for_o if_o those_o commissioner_n be_v all_o peer_n who_o represent_v your_o barones_n minores_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v be_v no_o lord_n at_o all_o and_o why_o may_v not_o those_o lord_n as_o well_o represent_v all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o they_o do_v these_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o that_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la must_v needs_o then_o comprehend_v somewhat_o more_o than_o your_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o since_o the_o word_n barones_n &_o milites_fw-la alone_a and_o sufficient_o express_v all_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o your_o parliament_n without_o add_v &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la which_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n but_o that_o it_o be_v very_o usual_a for_o the_o great_a lord_n in_o those_o day_n to_o write_v letter_n in_o their_o own_o name_n as_o also_o for_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o when_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o two_o other_o instance_n of_o a_o like_a nature_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o edw._n i._n and_o edw._n iii_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o have_v no_o hand_n in_o this_o message_n or_o letter_n because_o they_o do_v not_o write_v by_o themselves_o much_o less_o be_v it_o so_o because_o it_o be_v not_o express_o mention_v by_o matt._n paris_n that_o the_o king_n consult_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n that_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o there_o since_o this_o author_n write_v very_o concise_o comprehend_v all_o the_o lay_v estate_n under_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n or_o else_o magnate_v alone_o so_o likewise_o matt_n of_o westminster_n when_o he_o mention_n divers_a parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i_o and_o edw._n two_o express_v they_o under_o the_o same_o title_n and_o though_o this_o author_n often_o mention_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o have_v do_v this_o or_o that_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o conclude_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o then_o there_o and_o for_o this_o pray_v take_v these_o example_n our_o of_o matt._n westminster_n when_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1300._o the_o 28_o of_o edw._n i._n he_o tell_v we_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n where_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n demand_v a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o they_o further_o ask_v that_o the_o deforestation_n make_v by_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v confirm_v and_o then_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o thereupon_o the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n be_v again_o renew_v and_o be_v pass_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v proclaim_v before_o all_o the_o people_n in_o every_o country_n where_o you_o see_v that_o the_o complain_v be_v make_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o confirmation_n of_o these_o charter_n must_v have_v proceed_v from_o all_o the_o estate_n for_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o prior_n be_v there_o no_o more_o mention_v than_o the_o commons_o who_o be_v then_o as_o barones_n majores_fw-la constituent_a member_n of_o this_o parliament_n so_o also_o henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n 2928._o anno_fw-la dom._n 1301._o the_o 30_o edw._n i._n tell_v we_o of_o a_o parliament_n this_o king_n hold_v at_o stamford_n where_o meet_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o with_o great_a courage_n persist_v until_o they_o have_v get_v the_o charter_n of_o forest_n full_o grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o they_o where_o note_n that_o though_o by_o way_n of_o excellency_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o then_o bear_v the_o great_a sway_n be_v here_o only_o mention_v yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o commons_o be_v also_o summon_v to_o this_o parliament_n now_o if_o these_o late_a historian_n pass_v by_o the_o commons_o though_o then_o constituent_a member_n of_o parliament_n without_o any_o one_o express_v mention_n why_o may_v not_o matt._n paris_n do_v so_o too_o but_o that_o he_o do_v do_v so_o appear_v very_o plain_o from_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o parliament_n hold_v in_o 30_o hen._n ii_o to_o the_o pope_n and_o cardinal_n be_v still_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n to_o remove_v the_o intolerable_a grievance_n above_o mention_v that_o to_o the_o pope_n be_v tecit_v at_o large_a by_o matt._n paris_n cleopatra_n though_o that_o to_o the_o cardinal_n be_v omit_v by_o he_o but_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n of_o the_o time_n extant_a in_o sir_n john_n cottons_n library_n of_o both_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v send_v to_o the_o cardinal_n at_o lion_n a_o baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o universitatibâ—â—_n bâ—â—â—nagii_fw-la anglia_fw-it now_o who_o these_o be_v the_o subsequent_a letter_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o matt._n poris_n will_v inform_v we_o which_o begin_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la etc._n etc._n 〈◊〉_d silij_fw-la svi_fw-la richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la cornubia_n 700._o etc._n etc._n together_o with_o divers_a other_o earl_n there_o name_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o commons_o be_v not_o particular_o recite_v but_o be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o general_n word_n barones_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnate_v ac_fw-la nobiles_fw-la portuum_fw-la marishabitatores_fw-la necnon_fw-la &_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la universus_fw-la salutem_fw-la and_o pray_v note_n that_o matt._n paris_n have_v before_o call_v this_o a_o parliament_n 698._o convenientibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la which_o word_n take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o the_o nobiles_fw-la portuum_fw-la maris_fw-la habitatores_fw-la do_v the_o baron_n of_o the_o cinqâ—â—_fw-fr port_n
to_o the_o judgement_n of_o every_o indifferent_a person_n these_o than_o be_v the_o man_n the_o only_a legal_a man_n that_o name_v and_o choose_v jury_n and_o serve_v on_o jury_n themselves_o both_o in_o the_o country_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o country_n business_n under_o the_o great_a officer_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o next_o law_n with_o a_o little_a explication_n ut_fw-la jura_n regius_fw-la illaesa_fw-la seruare_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la câ—entur_fw-la subditi_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la sint_fw-la fratres_n conjurati_fw-la ad_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o facultatibus_fw-la contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la defendendum_fw-la &_o viriliter_fw-la servaâ—um_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la integram_fw-la observandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la recâ—um_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la constant_a omnibus_fw-la modis_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la faâ—endam_fw-la now_o the_o judgement_n they_o be_v to_o give_v and_o the_o justice_n they_o be_v to_o do_v by_o this_o law_n beside_o that_o in_o their_o own_o court_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v principal_o as_o they_o be_v juror_n or_o recognitor_n upon_o assize_n etc._n etc._n though_o some_o of_o the_o great_a of_o their_o milites_fw-la be_v often_o sheriff_n hundredary_n and_o other_o under_o judge_n and_o ministerial_a officer_n of_o justice_n in_o their_o several_a county_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o glanâ—ille_n every_o where_o but_o especial_o lib._n 2._o c._n 10_o 11._o lib._n 9_o c._n 7._o c._n 17._o &_o lib._n 13._o throughout_o this_o of_o be_v suitor_n to_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n etc._n etc._n be_v a_o service_n incident_a to_o their_o tenor_n and_o before_o they_o many_o time_n ancient_o in_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o not_o private_o in_o a_o chamber_n be_v execute_v deed_n grant_n and_o donation_n of_o land_n contain_v in_o very_o small_a piece_n of_o parchment_n witness_v by_o thomas_n of_o such_o a_o town_n john_n of_o another_o richard_n of_o a_o three_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v knight_n and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o military_a service_n in_o those_o town_n of_o considerable_a estate_n and_o not_o the_o low_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o this_o execution_n of_o sales_n and_o assurance_n in_o open_a court_n be_v as_o public_a and_o notorious_a and_o as_o secure_v as_o if_o at_o that_o time_n there_o have_v be_v a_o public_a register_n for_o they_o f._n before_o i_o answer_v your_o conclusion_n from_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v neither_o with_o the_o account_v you_o give_v how_o the_o commonâ—_n of_o england_n can_v come_v in_o to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n without_o any_o noise_n or_o notice_n take_v of_o it_o either_o by_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o historian_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o improbable_a but_o also_o quite_o contrary_a to_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o history_n itself_o as_o i_o shall_v i_o hope_v make_v good_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o subject_a nor_o be_v your_o argument_n of_o any_o weight_n since_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o william_n the_o conqueror_n so_o subject_v the_o land_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n that_o therefore_o this_o be_v do_v by_o his_o sole_a power_n without_o any_o law_n for_o it_o make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o law_n of_o king_n william_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o the_o very_a service_n which_o you_o say_v be_v reserve_v upon_o the_o land_n he_o have_v bestow_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o appoint_v or_o settle_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o therefore_o certain_o the_o service_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n must_v be_v so_o likewise_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v confess_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n who_o presume_v there_o be_v a_o law_n for_o it_o though_o now_o lose_v and_o can_v believe_v that_o this_o king_n how_o powerful_a soever_o shall_v attempt_v to_o introduce_v so_o great_a a_o yoke_n upon_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o so_o many_o of_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o england_n without_o their_o consent_n express_o give_v to_o a_o law_n and_o make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n concern_v it_o though_o that_o law_n as_o many_o other_o of_o this_o king_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v find_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o your_o present_a discourse_n which_o be_v to_o show_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o the_o first_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n proper_o the_o only_a true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o first_o the_o notion_n be_v quite_o new_a and_o never_o hear_v of_o till_o the_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o first_o broach_v it_o neither_o mr._n lambard_n mr._n somneâ—_n nor_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n nor_o any_o of_o our_o english_a antiquary_n or_o lawyer_n ever_o discover_v any_o such_o thing_n before_o your_o dr._n arise_v to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n every_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v no_o villain_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o freeman_n and_o every_o owner_n of_o land_n of_o inheritance_n though_o of_o never_o so_o small_a a_o proportion_n reckon_v a_o freeholder_n and_o his_o estate_n call_v his_o franc_n tenement_n or_o freehold_n as_o well_o in_o our_o ancient_n as_o modern_a law_n and_o that_o freehold_n be_v not_o restrain_v only_o to_o military_a service_n within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o recite_v that_o nullus_fw-la distriâ—â—tur_fw-la ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la majus_fw-la servitium_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la militis_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it quâ—â—_n inde_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o that_o socage_n tenant_n though_o by_o villain_n service_n be_v as_o much_o freeman_n as_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la see_v spelman_n glossary_a tit._n socman_n where_o he_o say_v thus_o socmannus_fw-la in_o natura_fw-la brevinan_n brevi_fw-la de_fw-fr recto_n propriè_fw-la talis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-fr liâ—e_z est_fw-la &_o tenet_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la seu_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o antiquo_fw-la dominico_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementâ—_n in_o villenagio_n libro_fw-la sancti_fw-la albani_n tit._n honcton_n chap_n i._o rege_fw-la angliae_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la hâ—â—cton_n tenuerunt_fw-la in_o dominico_fw-la omnes_fw-la tenentes_fw-la liberi_fw-la scil_n &_o custumarii_fw-la per_fw-la sokam_fw-la defendebant_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la etc._n etc._n ex_fw-la quo_fw-la patet_fw-la sokmans_fw-mi liberos_fw-la 〈◊〉_d significare_fw-la but_o since_o you_o seem_v to_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o freeman_n and_o freeholder_n proper_o or_o improper_o so_o call_v since_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v do_v not_o warrant_v any_o such_o distinction_n i_o must_v beg_v your_o excuse_n if_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o opinion_n for_o the_o first_o law_n you_o have_v quote_v warrant_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o only_o say_v that_o all_o freeman_n in_o general_a shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n to_o maintain_v he_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n against_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n and_o stranger_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o this_o law_n extend_v to_o all_o freeman_n who_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n recite_v in_o the_o addition_n to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o take_v the_o very_a same_o oath_n in_o the_o folkmote_a as_o they_o be_v after_o your_o conquest_n to_o do_v according_a to_o this_o law_n either_o in_o the_o county_n court_v or_o sheriff_n turn_v nor_o will_v the_o next_o law_n do_v the_o business_n any_o more_o than_o this_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o all_o freeman_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n may_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n free_a from_o all_o â—njust_a taillage_n exaction_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n possession_n extend_v not_o only_o to_o land_n of_o inheritance_n much_o less_o to_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o also_o to_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o all_o other_o chattel_n or_o possession_n as_o well_o real_a as_o personal_a nor_o do_v the_o word_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la extend_v only_o to_o those_o service_n which_o be_v reserve_v upon_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o to_o those_o common_a service_n call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v â—iz_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o expedition_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n
the_o most_o part_n signify_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n for_o you_o may_v consult_v spelman_n glossary_a and_o du_n fresue_n lexicon_n under_o these_o title_n but_o far_a to_o confirm_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n pray_v see_v the_o title_n to_o the_o assize_n of_o forest_n under_o king_n richard_n the_o i._o which_o hoveden_n recite_v in_o these_o word_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la assiza_n dom._n regis_fw-la 40._o &_o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la praecepta_fw-la de_fw-la forestis_n suis_fw-la in_o angliae_fw-la facta_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o militum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o militum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o only_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v knight_v but_o also_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o the_o word_n ever_o signify_v any_o other_o person_n 61._o they_o be_v not_o ordinary_a freeholder_n but_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la freeholder_n in_o military_a service_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o dr.'s_n glossary_a tit._n probi_fw-la homines_fw-la milites_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o pray_v remember_v also_o what_o sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n miles_n that_o these_o milites_fw-la when_o put_v alone_o be_v proper_o the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la à _fw-la militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o frodo_fw-la nomen_fw-la sumpserunt_fw-la so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o ingenious_a man_n but_o will_v confess_v that_o all_o these_o council_n be_v general_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o no_o other_o person_n than_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n to_o return_v a_o answer_n to_o all_o your_o authority_n together_o i_o must_v now_o repeat_v what_o i_o often_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o firm_a argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o doubtful_a word_n and_o general_a expression_n of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o all_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o your_o reason_n consist_v in_o this_o alone_a but_o since_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v so_o much_o of_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la i_o shall_v omit_v that_o and_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n which_o you_o think_v make_v so_o plain_a for_o you_o and_o shall_v only_o observe_v at_o present_a that_o these_o word_n barones_n and_o milites_fw-la be_v always_o stretch_v or_o contract_v according_a as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n find_v it_o best_o to_o suit_n with_o their_o hypothesis_n as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v put_v alone_o than_o it_o must_v signify_v none_o but_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o it_o be_v join_v with_o milites_fw-la then_o by_o barones_n must_v be_v only_o mean_v the_o great_a baron_n or_o peer_n and_o by_o milites_fw-la those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n if_o any_o other_o word_n follow_v milites_fw-la than_o this_o word_n must_v signify_v only_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_v so_o likewise_o you_o deal_v with_o all_o other_o word_n though_o of_o never_o so_o comprehensive_a a_o signification_n but_o why_o may_v not_o i_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n affirm_v that_o by_o barones_n mention_v in_o these_o authority_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o barones_n properly_z so_o call_v and_o by_o the_o milites_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o shire_n whether_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o feudatories_n to_o other_o for_o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1040._o in_o the_o law_n of_o malcolm_n the_o second_o king_n of_o scot_n mention_n milites_fw-la vavasores_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-fr baronibus_fw-la tetras_fw-la svas_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o all_o other_o of_o whosoever_o they_o hold_v who_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v themselves_o like_o knight_n may_v be_v then_o force_v to_o receive_v knighthood_n appear_v by_o two_o writ_n of_o 24_o the_o and_o 26_o the_o h._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n dorso_fw-la under_o this_o title_n forma_fw-la de_fw-la molitibus_fw-la faciendis_fw-la and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v the_o writ_n itself_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la northampton_n salutem_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la tuam_fw-la in_o singulis_n bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la facias_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it pâ—ssint_fw-la sustentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la sicut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la deligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 25._o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la faciant_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la qui_fw-la fuerint_fw-la tale_n qui_fw-la citra_fw-la terminum_fw-la illum_fw-la se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la fecerint_fw-la omnia_fw-la nomina_fw-la eorum_fw-la statim_fw-la à _fw-la termino_fw-la illo_fw-la &_o quantitatem_fw-la &_o valorem_fw-la tenementorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobit_fw-la scire_fw-la facias_fw-la testae_fw-la rege_fw-la apud_fw-la lewes_n 25_o die_v julii_fw-la similiter_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n homines_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o you_o will_v have_v only_o to_o mean_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la those_o word_n have_v so_o equivocal_a a_o signification_n that_o there_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o they_o for_o they_o may_v as_o well_o signify_v all_o the_o king_n subject_n swear_v to_o he_o by_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n as_o tenant_n by_o homage_n or_o knight_n service_n only_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n observe_v upon_o the_o word_n homo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la praediorum_fw-la tenente_fw-la sive_fw-la socmanno_n sive_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o cite_v the_o book_n of_o ramsey_n and_o if_o suus_fw-la be_v add_v to_o homo_fw-la it_o do_v much_o alter_v the_o case_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n follow_v in_o the_o same_o place_n dicitur_fw-la praeterca_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la ministro_fw-la &_o subdito_fw-la &_o saepe_fw-la occurrit_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o antiquis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la vassalos_n &_o tenentes_fw-la sed_fw-la famulos_fw-la &_o subditos_fw-la quoslibet_fw-la significans_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o give_v we_o several_a authority_n so_o that_o you_o see_v these_o word_n do_v not_o only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o any_o other_o subject_n and_o so_o may_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n likewise_o at_o least_o the_o representative_n of_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o your_o own_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n but_o i_o shall_v however_o say_v something_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o out_o of_o abbot_n benedict_n viz._n barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la which_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o regni_fw-la svi_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o then_o it_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v summon_v to_o this_o assembly_n which_o word_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la i_o can_v give_v mr._n selden_n authority_n for_o who_o in_o his_o first_o edition_n 277._o 2_o d_o part_n have_v his_o remarkable_a passage_n speak_v of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o baron_n he_o say_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la there_o be_v baron_n of_o subject_n hold_v not_o of_o the_o king_n but_o by_o mesnalty_n who_o make_v a_o three_o rank_n of_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v understand_v why_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n baronagium_n angliae_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o baronagium_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la baronagii_fw-la svi_fw-la so_o often_o occur_v in_o our_o old_a story_n take_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a state_n sometime_o as_o for_o the_o great_a nobility_n but_o if_o your_o dr._n have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v compare_v the_o author_n he_o quote_v with_o other_o nay_o with_o the_o title_n to_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o clarendâ—n_n themselves_o 41._o as_o he_o have_v give_v they_o as_o in_o his_o appendix_n to_o his_o history_n out_o of_o quadrilogus_fw-la this_o objection_n will_v have_v be_v needless_a 1395._o for_o if_o you_o consult_v gervase_n of_o canterbury_n he_o style_v the_o party_n to_o this_o council_n praesules_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la anglicani_n regni_fw-la and_o as_o for_o matt._n paris_n 100_o pray_v observe_v that_o after_o the_o
accepit_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o common_a council_n be_v this_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o anselm_n refer_v himself_o to_o be_v it_o not_o ex_fw-la more_o by_o custom_n you_o can_v find_v in_o eadmer_n any_o summons_n to_o it_o neither_o rex_fw-la asâ—ivit_fw-la nor_o praecepâ—o_o regis_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la nor_o rex_fw-la sanctione_n suâ_fw-la adunavit_fw-la in_o short_a not_o to_o multiply_v example_n look_v where_o you_o will_v in_o eadmerus_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_a historian_n you_o have_v cite_v and_o you_o will_v still_o find_v that_o the_o person_n who_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o without_o any_o summons_n be_v the_o same_o who_o assemble_v by_o the_o king_n summons_n at_o other_o time_n that_o be_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o episcoâ—i_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o terrae_fw-la or_o call_v more_o general_o priâ—ates_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la or_o the_o barones_n or_o majores_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o do_v at_o these_o great_a â—easts_n pro_fw-la more_o go_v to_o court_n and_o hold_v a_o solemn_a curia_n or_o great_a council_n there_o and_o that_o these_o make_v up_o the_o university_n or_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pray_v see_v what_o matt._n paris_n say_v 40._o in_o die_v pentecostes_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la loâ—dini_fw-la festum_fw-la tenens_fw-la magnum_fw-la &_o serenissimum_fw-la â—unc_fw-la compositâ_fw-la per_fw-la regni_fw-la vniversitatem_fw-la eleganti_fw-la epistolâ_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v about_o the_o pope_n exaction_n as_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v and_o hen._n iii_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n call_v the_o same_o person_n magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la which_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o cardinal_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n he_o call_v magnates_fw-la nostri_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o former_a citation_n of_o they_o f._n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o this_o 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of_o coventry_n where_o by_o proceres_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o same_o order_n of_o man_n as_o by_o magnates_n &_o populus_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n so_o that_o it_o be_v with_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n with_o who_o the_o king_n have_v this_o large_a or_o more_o diffusive_a treaty_n as_o this_o author_n word_n it_o f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v now_o put_v a_o very_a fair_a gloss_n upon_o these_o place_n i_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o but_o it_o be_v a_o hundred_o pity_n that_o such_o a_o fine_a hypothesis_n shall_v have_v no_o better_a proof_n than_o your_o bare_a surmise_n to_o support_v it_o for_o that_o be_v all_o the_o authority_n that_o i_o can_v see_v you_o bring_v for_o your_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o not_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n but_o i_o see_v no_o good_a authority_n as_o yet_o bring_v by_o you_o to_o 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pray_v give_v i_o if_o you_o can_v some_o clear_a and_o late_a proof_n for_o this_o difference_n between_o the_o two_o council_n f._n i_o shall_v comply_v with_o your_o desire_n and_o in_o order_n to_o it_o shall_v conclude_v with_o two_o or_o three_o of_o those_o very_a authority_n the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n where_o he_o give_v we_o this_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n in_o the_o 2â—â—th_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o plain_o prove_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o common_a university_n 1244_o or_o sole_a rep._n esentative_a of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n â—_o pray_v read_v it_o eâ—â—â—_n in_o anno_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la regis_fw-la summonitione_fw-la convocati_fw-la londinum_n magnates_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la arciâ—pisâ—ori_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n in_o quo_fw-la concilio_n portis_fw-la rex_fw-la oâ—e_fw-la proprio_fw-la in_o presentia_fw-la magnatum_fw-la i._n e._n of_o all_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v in_o refectorio_fw-la westmonasteriensi_fw-la axilium_fw-la sieri_fw-la pecuniare_fw-la cui_fw-la fuit_fw-la responsum_fw-la quâ—d_fw-la super_fw-la â—oc_fw-la tractarent_fw-la â—recedentesque_fw-la magnates_fw-la de_fw-fr râ—fectorio_n convenerunt_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la â—â—_o episcopi_fw-la abbates_n &_o priores_fw-la seorsim_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la superque_fw-la hoc_fw-la diligenter_fw-la tractaturi_fw-la â—andâ—m_fw-la requisiti_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la eorum_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n si_fw-la vellent_fw-la illis_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la conâ—entire_fw-la in_o responsione_n &_o previsione_n super_fw-la hiâ—_n facienda_fw-la qui_fw-la responderunt_fw-la scâ—licet_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n quod_fw-la sine_fw-la communi_fw-la universitate_fw-la nihil_fw-la facerent_fw-la ture_fw-fr de_fw-fr communi_fw-la dissâ—nsu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parie_fw-la cleri_fw-la electus_n cant._n etc._n etc._n now_o i_o think_v here_o be_v as_o manifest_v a_o distinction_n as_o need_v to_o be_v between_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o 208._o as_o member_n
you_o by_o undoubted_a testimony_n but_o since_o you_o be_v now_o upon_o the_o prove_a part_n pray_v show_v i_o that_o these_o word_n i_o now_o mention_v do_v ever_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v before_o the_o time_n we_o insist_v on_o and_o i_o have_v the_o more_o reason_n to_o desire_v this_o from_o you_o because_o it_o be_v chief_o from_o the_o mistake_a application_n of_o these_o word_n that_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n have_v impose_v their_o false_a notion_n upon_o the_o world_n f._n i_o shall_v undertake_v what_o you_o desire_v and_o i_o hope_v if_o i_o can_v satisfy_v you_o the_o fault_n will_v not_o lie_v in_o my_o authority_n but_o you_o prejudices_fw-la against_o they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o let_v i_o mind_n you_o how_o far_o you_o and_o i_o agree_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n when_o i_o grant_v you_o that_o these_o word_n now_o in_o dispute_n be_v very_o equivocal_a and_o be_v often_o take_v in_o different_a sense_n as_o sometime_o you_o say_v true_a for_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n sometime_o for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n but_o never_o as_o i_o know_v of_o for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la much_o less_o for_o the_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o nor_o be_v you_o then_o able_a to_o prove_v to_o i_o that_o these_o word_n must_v necessary_o be_v understand_v in_o your_o sense_n for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o though_o you_o shall_v prove_v they_o sometime_o to_o be_v take_v in_o that_o sense_n yet_o will_v it_o rather_o make_v against_o then_o for_o your_o opinion_n since_o they_o must_v then_o signify_v a_o different_a body_n of_o man_n from_o your_o great_a lord_n and_o consequent_o as_o mere_a commoner_n as_o your_o knight_n of_o shire_n at_o this_o day_n which_o be_v against_o your_o first_o general_a assertion_n that_o by_o these_o word_n be_v always_o understand_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baronage_n only_o but_o to_o come_v to_o my_o proof_n which_o i_o shall_v divide_v in_o two_o part_n first_o i_o will_v prove_v that_o these_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la and_o communality_n when_o come_v immediate_o after_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n or_o count_n and_o baron_n or_o proceres_fw-la in_o our_o old_a statute_n and_o record_n do_v always_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n in_o which_o they_o be_v now_o take_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_n when_o these_o word_n come_v first_o to_o be_v general_o in_o use_n and_o so_o descend_v to_o his_o successor_n as_o low_o as_o rich._n ii_o and_o if_o i_o can_v show_v you_o that_o these_o word_n so_o put_v always_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o that_o time_n i_o think_v you_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v satisfy_v that_o these_o be_v never_o once_o upon_o a_o time_n such_o a_o strange_a alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o great_a council_n as_o you_o suppose_v yet_o none_o of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n or_o statute_n shall_v ever_o take_v any_o notice_n of_o it_o till_o these_o modern_a antiquary_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n to_o begin_v first_o with_o the_o word_n le_fw-fr commune_fw-la 16._o pray_v remember_v the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 48th_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o i_o mention_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n viz._n the_o â—orâ—_n of_o the_o peaâ—e_n between_o this_o king_n p._n the_o prince_n his_o son_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n the_o title_n of_o which_o be_v thus_o haec_fw-la est_fw-la forma_fw-la pacis_fw-la à _fw-la dom._n râ—ge_n &_o dom._n edw._n filio_fw-la svo_fw-la praelatis_fw-la proceribus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la â—ota_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communiter_fw-la &_o concorditer_fw-la approbata_fw-la now_o pray_v what_o can_v these_o word_n communitate_fw-la â—ota_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o body_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o else_o it_o will_v be_v a_o gross_a tautology_n and_o pray_v compare_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n now_o mention_v with_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n when_o your_o dr._n grant_v the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o see_v if_o there_o be_v any_o change_n in_o the_o term_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o very_a writ_n of_o expense_n for_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n â—_o it_o be_v the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o yorkshire_n dâ—rsâ—_n wherein_o after_o other_o recital_n it_o follow_v thus_o cumque_fw-la communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la dictorum_fw-la variâ—s_fw-la hoc_fw-la annâ—_n â—â—cerinâ—_fw-la prastationes_fw-la ad_fw-la defensi_fw-la nâ—m_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o therefore_o command_v the_o say_a sheriff_n quod_fw-la danbus_fw-la militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la dicti_fw-la comitaâ—â—s_fw-la praefaâ—o_fw-la parliamento_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v pay_v their_o reasonable_a expense_n de_fw-fr communitate_fw-la comitatus_fw-la praedicti_fw-la for_o go_v to_o and_o stay_v at_o and_o return_v from_o the_o say_a parliament_n etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o communitates_fw-la in_o this_o writ_n can_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o but_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n in_o general_a unless_o you_o can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v perform_v these_o varias_fw-la praesâ—aâ—iones_fw-la in_o the_o writ_n and_o that_o none_o but_o they_o then_o contribute_v to_o these_o expense_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n otherwise_o these_o word_n must_v plain_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o general_a as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o like_a writ_n of_o the_o 28_o of_o king_n edward_n i._n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o i_o shall_v first_o show_v you_o a_o few_o other_o record_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n 16._o concern_v the_o word_n la_fw-fr câ—mmunâ—_n which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o they_o be_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 51st_o of_o this_o king_n wherein_o he_o by_o the_o council_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n &_o des_fw-fr counâ—s_n &_o des_fw-fr baron_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o all_o his_o company_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o roll_n the_o king_n by_o the_o council_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o say_a count_n &_o baron_n &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_n the_o city_n of_o london_n all_o manner_n of_o rancour_n and_o ill_a will._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o a_o reason_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr commune_fw-la in_o these_o act_n of_o pardon_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n of_o the_o 49th_o now_o cite_v since_o they_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o count_n &_o baron_n and_o so_o must_v needs_o signify_v a_o body_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr shall_v here_o signify_v the_o commâ—ns_n of_o the_o land_n as_o that_o the_o word_n communitates_fw-la comitatus_fw-la shall_v signify_v the_o community_n or_o commons_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n m._n will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o question_n present_o because_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v very_o material_a before_o you_o proceed_v far_o there_o may_v in_o my_o opinion_n very_o good_a reason_n be_v give_v 1._o why_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la may_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o act_n of_o pardon_n and_o yet_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n in_o general_n in_o the_o writ_n for_o expense_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v as_o first_o because_o the_o subject_a matter_n be_v different_a in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o act_n of_o pardon_n from_o that_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n the_o one_o be_v the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o the_o other_o communitas_fw-la comitatus_fw-la only_o call_v also_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la and_o then_o i_o grant_v when_o thus_o use_v it_o always_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o general_a and_o there_o may_v
whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_o of_o this_o opinion_n because_o in_o many_o of_o the_o old_a statute_n before_o the_o time_n of_o robert_n the_o 2_o d._n we_o find_v the_o communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la come_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o in_o our_o own_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o after_o those_o reign_v we_o find_v no_o more_o mention_n of_o this_o communitas_fw-la but_o only_o of_o the_o duke_n earls_z baron_n liberi_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o burgensibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la as_o in_o the_o title_n to_o those_o statute_n of_o k._n robert_n the_o 3_o d_o and_o james_n the_o 5_o the_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v and_o yet_o that_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la be_v not_o ancient_o take_v for_o a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o pray_v see_v the_o 14_o the_o chap._n of_o the_o law_n of_o k._n alexander_n the_o 2_o d._n make_v anno_fw-la dom._n 1214._o with_o your_o doctor_n comment_n upon_o they_o statutum_n est_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la episcopi_fw-la nec_fw-la abbates_n nec_fw-la comites_fw-la nec_fw-la aliqui_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la curias_fw-la svas_fw-la nisi_fw-la vicecome_fw-la regis_fw-la 98._o vel_fw-la servientes_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la fuerant_fw-la upon_o which_o word_n the_o doctor_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n have_v this_o remark_n viz._n this_o again_o show_v we_o that_o the_o freeholder_n be_v lord_n of_o manor_n at_o least_o so_o that_o unless_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v lord_n of_o manor_n or_o hold_v court_n as_o certain_o very_o many_o of_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n do_v this_o word_n libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la must_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o great_a freeholder_n or_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n of_o whatsoever_o lord_n he_o hold_v it_o and_o as_o such_o may_v ancient_o have_v have_v a_o vote_n in_o that_o parliament_n so_o that_o if_o i_o have_v as_o i_o think_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la come_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n do_v certain_o signify_v another_o order_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ay_o i_o have_v the_o same_o reason_n to_o believe_v it_o be_v so_o in_o scotland_n too_o not_o only_o because_o these_o general_a word_n communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la must_v needs_o be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o to_o express_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o who_o can_v never_o represent_v all_o the_o great_a freeholder_n in_o scotland_n any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v in_o england_n but_o also_o because_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o scotch_a lawyer_n that_o the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o kingdom_n for_o sir_n john_n skene_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o k._n james_n before_o his_o scottish_a law_n say_v thus_o intelligo_fw-la tuas_fw-la tuorumque_fw-la majorum_fw-la leges_fw-la cum_fw-la legibus_fw-la regni_fw-la tui_fw-la angliae_fw-la magna_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la consentiunt_fw-la which_o be_v also_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o the_o speech_n he_o make_v in_o parliament_n concern_v the_o union_n of_o both_o kingdom_n to_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o admire_v your_o doctor_n strange_a partiality_n who_o do_v allow_v the_o commons_o of_o scotland_n to_o have_v even_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n when_o he_o express_o grant_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o scotland_n be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o the_o king_n royal_a burrough_n be_v such_o as_o ever_o do_v and_o do_v at_o this_o day_n in_o scotland_n only_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n now_o why_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n shall_v not_o have_v always_o have_v the_o like_a privilege_n as_o well_o as_o in_o scotland_n i_o wish_v you_o can_v give_v i_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n m._n since_o you_o own_o that_o the_o tenant_n capite_fw-la or_o else_o commissioner_n in_o their_o stead_n have_v be_v the_o sole_a representative_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n for_o above_o 200_o year_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o be_v so_o long_o before_o that_o time_n since_o you_o confess_v you_o can_v show_v any_o law_n by_o which_o this_o ancient_a custom_n come_v to_o be_v change_v though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o statute_n before_o k._n david_n and_o robert_n the_o 2_o d_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o you_o must_v not_o suppose_v that_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n alter_v when_o the_o clerk_n alter_v their_o phrase_n in_o pen_v their_o statute_n and_o record_n so_o that_o this_o communitas_fw-la be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o not_o of_o the_o freeholder_n or_o of_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o as_o for_o the_o former_a you_o can_v say_v that_o all_o the_o people_n in_o scotland_n have_v ever_o a_o right_a to_o choose_v the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o shire_n for_o then_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a they_o will_v have_v keep_v to_o this_o day_n whereas_o we_o see_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o coplie_n have_v vote_n at_o such_o election_n and_o as_o for_o city_n and_o burrough_n i_o can_v find_v nor_o do_v i_o believe_v you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o instance_n of_o a_o city_n or_o burrough-town_n in_o scotland_n that_o ever_o send_v deputy_n to_o parliament_n but_o what_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n for_o though_o there_o be_v at_z i_o say_v already_o beside_o the_o royal_a burgh_n two_o other_o sort_n viz._n burrough_n of_o regality_n and_o burrough_n of_o barony_n who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n but_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o some_o bishop_n or_o temporal_a lord_n and_o though_o divers_a of_o these_o be_v considerable_a for_o trade_n and_o riches_n yet_o none_o of_o they_o send_v any_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n so_o that_o though_o i_o confess_v there_o be_v three_o estate_n in_o the_o scotch_a parliament_n call_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o k._n david_n and_o robert_n the_o 2_o d_o the_o treâ—_n communitates_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o do_v these_o always_o consist_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o who_o therefore_o sit_v together_o and_o make_v but_o one_o assembly_n now_o that_o we_o may_v apply_v what_o have_v be_v say_v to_o england_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o doctor_n and_o we_o that_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n do_v not_o positive_o affirm_v that_o that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v not_o at_o all_o represent_v before_o 49_o hen._n 4._o but_o that_o they_o be_v not_o represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o their_o own_o choice_n but_o by_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o i_o grant_v be_v not_o lord_n and_o admit_v that_o i_o shall_v grant_v you_o that_o some_o city_n and_o burrough_n send_v member_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o yet_o be_v they_o only_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o as_o the_o doctor_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p_n argument_n from_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o st._n alban_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o gain_v by_o you_o in_o this_o controversy_n than_o that_o perhaps_o some_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n and_o constitute_v a_o three_o sort_n of_o man_n which_o you_o may_v call_v the_o commons_o if_o you_o please_v though_o i_o can_v find_v they_o be_v so_o call_v till_o after_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o but_o suppose_v this_o to_o be_v so_o it_o be_v very_o far_o from_o your_o republican_n level_v opinion_n who_o do_v suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n of_o england_n have_v a_o ancient_a indisputable_a right_n of_o appear_v in_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o propriety_n in_o land_n or_o other_o estate_n whereas_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n we_o suppose_v the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n to_o have_v ancient_o be_v the_o king_n courtbaron_n consist_v of_o his_o immediate_a tenant_n call_v thither_o by_o he_o their_o supreme_a lord_n to_o advertise_v he_o of_o the_o grievance_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o propose_v what_o new_a law_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n and_o together_o with_o he_o to_o raise_v such_o public_a tax_n both_o upon_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o state_n require_v yet_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a difference_n between_o your_o notion_n and_o i_o concern_v the_o right_n which_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v claim_v of_o come_v to_o parliament_n since_o before_o king_n john_n charter_n whereby_o
without_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o peer_n divers_a of_o who_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v for_o some_o reason_n then_o omit_v to_o summon_v but_o as_o for_o your_o instance_n of_o the_o baron_n peer_n or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la which_o be_v sometime_o summon_v and_o sametimes_o omit_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o our_o three_o edwards_n you_o do_v well_o to_o put_v in_o that_o it_o be_v after_o the_o time_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n for_o indeed_o it_o be_v only_o after_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v leave_v off_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n by_o themselves_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v about_o the_o end_n of_o henry_n iii_o reign_n and_o then_o it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n call_v several_a of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o also_o other_o that_o be_v not_o so_o by_o writ_n to_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n as_o pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la i._n e._n not_o as_o real_a baron_n but_o barons-peer_n since_o a_o baâ—e_a summons_n by_o writ_n do_v not_o as_o yet_o nor_o long_v after_o vest_n a_o peerage_n in_o their_o heir_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n from_o any_o thing_n you_o have_v urge_v from_o the_o example_n of_o scotland_n to_o make_v i_o change_v my_o opinion_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v ancient_o the_o sole_a representative_n either_o of_o this_o or_o that_o whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o much_o as_o mention_v in_o the_o ancient_a statute_n of_o that_o kingdom_n or_o charter_n of_o their_o king_n as_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n iii_o which_o be_v but_o late_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o council_n in_o that_o kingdom_n m._n i_o can_v say_v more_o as_o to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la their_o come_n to_o parliament_n as_o the_o sole_a reprensentative_n of_o the_o nation_n before_o the_o time_n you_o mention_v but_o it_o grow_v late_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v wave_v it_o at_o present_a and_o so_o shall_v only_o proceed_v to_o remark_n that_o great_a part_n of_o the_o error_n of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n proceed_v from_o this_o false_a ground_n that_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o parliament_n both_o of_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v a_o perfect_a representative_a body_n of_o all_o the_o freehoulders_a and_o freeman_n of_o those_o kingdom_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o we_o will_v consider_v it_o never_o be_v nor_o indeed_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n since_o you_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o all_o copy-holders_n and_o lease-holders_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n all_o freeman_n in_o town_n corporate_a where_o the_o election_n lie_v whole_o in_o the_o major_n and_o alderman_n or_o common_a council_n and_o last_o all_o that_o will_v not_o pay_v scot_n and_o lot_n in_o divers_a burrough_n town_n be_v utter_o exclude_v from_o give_v their_o vote_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o consequent_o from_o have_v any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n though_o sure_a as_o much_o freeman_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o either_o by_o general_a statute_n or_o else_o by_o the_o particular_a charter_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o city_n town_n and_o burrough_n all_o which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o good_a and_o lawful_a representative_n of_o those_o city_n and_o burrough_n so_o that_o i_o be_o clear_o of_o the_o doctor_n be_v opinion_n 68_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o those_o who_o be_v baron_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o only_o represent_v themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o as_o be_v as_o you_o true_o observe_v never_o choose_v by_o the_o people_n and_o as_o no_o man_n can_v believe_v that_o a_o great_a lord_n or_o bishop_n can_v represent_v his_o mesne_n tenant_n so_o neither_o can_v the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n be_v proper_o say_v to_o represent_v they_o and_o yet_o these_o might_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o feudal_n tenor_n and_o the_o power_n they_o then_o have_v over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n very_o well_o make_v law_n for_o they_o and_o tax_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n because_o the_o main_a interest_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n lay_v almost_o whole_o in_o they_o and_o these_o as_o the_o doctor_n very_o well_o observe_v have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la always_o do_v make_v law_n for_o and_o tax_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n but_o to_o say_v somewhat_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v from_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n i_o know_v not_o what_o old_a privilege_n they_o may_v pretend_v to_o of_o not_o be_v force_v to_o give_v voluntary_a aid_n or_o subsidy_n of_o their_o movable_a good_n without_o their_o consent_n yet_o this_o much_o i_o think_v may_v be_v make_v out_o that_o as_o for_o all_o land_n tax_n and_o the_o general_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v as_o much_o bind_v by_o the_o one_o and_o as_o much_o liable_a to_o pay_v to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n or_o else_o how_o come_v they_o afterward_o to_o be_v bind_v by_o our_o general_a statute_n at_o all_o as_o certain_o they_o be_v from_o all_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n though_o chester_n have_v no_o representative_n in_o parliament_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n viii_o and_o durham_n have_v none_o till_o our_o time_n f._n you_o gentleman_n who_o hold_v this_o general_a notion_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v so_o intoxicate_v with_o it_o that_o you_o do_v not_o care_v what_o absurdity_n or_o contradiction_n you_o fall_v into_o provide_v you_o may_v maintain_v your_o dear_a opinion_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o first_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o your_o reply_n to_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v be_v very_o fallacious_a and_o in_o some_o point_n mistake_v as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v in_o their_o first_o institution_n the_o main_a body_n or_o representative_a of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o though_o it_o may_v by_o long_a continuance_n of_o time_n to_o deviate_v from_o that_o institution_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v either_o to_o some_o prevail_a custom_n or_o else_o positive_a law_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n all_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o england_n have_v a_o right_a of_o come_v to_o parliament_n in_o person_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o ingenuus_n be_v synonimous_a and_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n comment_n in_o his_o glossary_n upon_o those_o word_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o member_n of_o those_o council_n be_v so_o numerous_a as_o they_o be_v in_o those_o time_n and_o long_o after_o till_o they_o become_v so_o vast_a and_o unmanageable_a that_o they_o be_v fain_o by_o degree_n to_o pitch_v upon_o this_o method_n of_o send_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o represent_v they_o which_o be_v certain_o a_o very_a ancient_a institution_n since_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_n demean_v claim_v to_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n by_o prescription_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o particular_o by_o and_o by_o and_o likewise_o since_o all_o riches_n consist_v in_o those_o day_n in_o land_n or_o else_o in_o stock_n or_o trade_n therefore_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o town_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o riches_n have_v always_o a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n as_o well_o as_o in_o give_v of_o tax_n and_o since_o all_o such_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n not_o be_v able_a to_o come_v in_o person_n as_o the_o freeholders_n can_v be_v represent_v either_o by_o their_o chief_a magistrate_n call_v their_o alderman_n or_o else_o by_o burgess_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n as_o at_o this_o day_n so_o that_o all_o freedom_n or_o ingenuity_n be_v in_o this_o as_o in_o all_o other_o commonwealth_n reckon_v per_fw-la censum_fw-la by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o owner_n our_o common_a council_n be_v and_o that_o true_o the_o representative_n not_o only_o of_o the_o estate_n but_o person_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o i_o be_o so_o far_o of_o the_o doctor_n be_v opinion_n that_o the_o cheorl_n folk_n as_o they_o be_v then_o term_v be_v little_o better_a than_o the_o scotch_a vassal_n or_o
why_o the_o commons_o can_v not_o be_v represent_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o and_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n m._n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o do_v it_o and_o for_o this_o end_n shall_v reduce_v my_o argument_n to_o these_o three_o head_n the_o first_o be_v some_o writ_n find_v out_o and_o produce_v by_o the_o doctor_n whereby_o he_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o summon_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o till_o the_o 49th_o second_o the_o general_a silence_n of_o all_o statute_n in_o hâ—n_n iii_o reign_n wherein_o be_v not_o one_o word_n mention_v of_o the_o commons_o but_o rather_o to_o the_o contrary_a three_o the_o critical_a time_n viz._n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o the_o commons_o be_v first_o call_v during_o monsfords_n rebellion_n four_a their_o discontinuance_n from_o that_o time_n till_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nor_o yet_o of_o ed._n i._n till_o the_o 18_o in_o which_o the_o doctor_n show_v you_o a_o writ_n not_o take_v notice_n of_o before_o by_o which_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v a_o new_a to_o parliament_n last_o from_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n whether_o for_o one_o knight_n or_o two_o knight_n and_o sometime_o no_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n at_o all_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v the_o novelty_n of_o the_o institution_n as_o also_o of_o some_o parliamentary_a form_n relate_v to_o the_o commons_o which_o show_v that_o neither_o their_o number_n nor_o manner_n of_o election_n be_v settle_v long_o after_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._n to_o begin_v therefore_o with_o the_o first_o head_n i_o know_v the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n make_v a_o great_a noise_n about_o the_o loss_n or_o rather_o defect_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o parliament_n roll_v of_o all_o the_o king_n till_o the_o 23d_o or_o 25_o of_o edw._n i._n so_o that_o we_o can_v be_v so_o well_o assure_v what_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n as_o we_o may_v be_v afterward_o yet_o there_o be_v still_o some_o writ_n of_o summons_n extant_a upon_o the_o close_a roll_n before_o and_o in_o those_o time_n dein_fw-ge by_o which_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n and_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o on_o the_o dorseâ—_n of_o which_o ancient_o most_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o commons_o in_o other_o king_n reign_n be_v enter_v few_o on_o the_o patent_n roll_n which_o we_o have_v likewise_o it_o be_v therefore_o very_o strange_a if_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o summon_v to_o parliament_n as_o at_o this_o day_n that_o there_o can_v be_v find_v any_o summons_n to_o they_o upon_o these_o roll_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n but_o the_o learned_a doctor_n have_v for_o our_o satisfaction_n find_v out_o three_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o lord_n one_o in_o king_n john_n reign_n and_o two_o other_o of_o hen_n iii_o the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n 6_o of_o king_n john_n direct_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n dor_n which_o be_v needless_a here_o to_o be_v repeat_v verbatim_o only_o pray_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o material_a word_n of_o this_o writ_n where_o after_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o summon_v particular_o express_v it_o conclude_v thus_o expedit_fw-la habere_fw-la vestrum_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la terrae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la quos_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la ilium_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la fecimus_fw-la convocari_fw-la dor_n the_o second_o be_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 26_o hen._n iii_o direct_v to_o w._n archbishop_n of_o york_n wherein_o he_o be_v likewise_o summon_v ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la quos_fw-la similiter_fw-la fecimus_fw-la convocaâ—i_fw-la de_fw-la arduis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la statum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la specialiter_fw-la tangentibus_fw-la with_o this_o note_n underneath_o eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la the_o three_o be_v of_o the_o 38th_o of_o the_o same_o king_n direct_v to_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 93._o whereby_o he_o be_v summon_v to_o be_v at_o westminster_n within_o fifteen_o day_n after_o hillary_n next_o come_v before_o the_o queen_n and_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwail_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o gascony_n and_o this_o very_a council_n mat._n paris_n anno._n dom._n 1254._o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o which_o all_o the_o magnate_v or_o great_a man_n of_o england_n come_v together_o the_o day_n of_o which_o meeting_n he_o make_v to_o have_v be_v the_o 6_o of_o the_o calends_o of_o 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it_o appear_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o member_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n viz._n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o universal_a silence_n concern_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o parliament_n as_o you_o and_o those_o of_o your_o party_n suppose_v from_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o those_o time_n most_o of_o which_o though_o i_o confess_v be_v lose_v yet_o there_o be_v enough_o leave_v to_o satisfy_v any_o reasonable_a person_n that_o there_o be_v then_o no_o commons_o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v f._n you_o can_v give_v i_o a_o better_a demonstration_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_n and_o writ_n of_o summons_n than_o what_o you_o now_o offer_v for_o if_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o on_o the_o dorse_n of_o which_o you_o tell_v i_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n use_v to_o be_v enter_v then_o certain_o those_o to_o the_o lord_n be_v there_o enter_v also_o and_o if_o so_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o above_o eighty_o year_n time_n in_o which_o there_o must_v be_v above_o eighty_o parliament_n you_o can_v show_v i_o but_o three_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o those_o only_a to_o as_o many_o bishop_n and_o to_o no_o temporal_a lord_n at_o all_o if_o so_o be_v these_o be_v parliament_n and_o not_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o as_o i_o rather_o believe_v they_o be_v for_o you_o rely_v too_o much_o upon_o you_o doctor_n credit_n when_o you_o allege_v that_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o i_o have_v have_v a_o friend_n who_o have_v give_v i_o a_o note_n of_o what_o close_a roll_n be_v still_o extant_a in_o those_o reign_v and_o what_o be_v lose_v which_o you_o may_v here_o see_v to_o begin_v with_o king_n john_n pray_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o first_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v go_v and_o so_o they_o be_v in_o the_o 9th_o 10_o 11_o 12_o and_o 13_o for_o certain_o there_o be_v some_o in_o those_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o succeed_a year_n in_o the_o next_o place_n till_o the_o 18_o there_o be_v but_o one_o roll_n leave_v of_o each_o year_n but_o then_o there_o be_v three_o and_o after_o that_o but_o one_o or_o two_o in_o a_o year_n to_o the_o very_a end_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o we_o can_v be_v assure_v that_o there_o be_v not_o more_o than_o one_o roll_n in_o every_o precedent_a year_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o 15_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o which_o though_o i_o grant_v be_v more_o entire_a than_o those_o of_o king_n john_n there_o be_v some_o leave_v we_o of_o every_o year_n but_o the_o 23d_o yet_o they_o be_v but_o
writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o county_n to_o summon_v two_o knight_n de_fw-fr legalioribus_fw-la &_o discretoribus_fw-la singulorum_fw-la comitatuumâ—_n â—_z though_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n whether_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n be_v to_o elect_n and_o send_v these_o knight_n the_o sheriff_n be_v then_o of_o the_o faction_n and_o make_v by_o they_o for_o it_o be_v there_o say_v only_o quod_fw-la venire_fw-la faciarâ—_n there_o be_v also_o other_o writ_n recite_v to_o have_v be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n of_o england_n as_o also_o to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o send_v two_o of_o the_o most_o legal_a and_o discreet_a of_o each_o of_o the_o say_a city_n burrough_n town_n and_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o the_o say_a parliament_n at_o westminster_n at_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a so_o that_o without_o the_o history_n of_o this_o neck_n of_o time_n these_o writ_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o prince_n out_o of_o prison_n and_o for_o the_o settle_n of_o tranquillity_n and_o peace_n in_o the_o nation_n can_v be_v understand_v but_o prince_n edward_n release_n can_v not_o be_v agree_v upon_o in_o this_o parliament_n whatever_o other_o business_n may_v be_v dispatch_v so_o that_o thing_n still_o remain_v in_o this_o uncertain_a condition_n the_o king_n be_v all_o this_o time_n a_o mere_a shadow_n until_o such_o time_n as_o simon_n montfort_n and_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n fall_v out_o the_o latter_a at_o last_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o join_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o surry_n and_o pembroke_n to_o who_o also_o come_v prince_n edward_n after_o he_o have_v make_v his_o escape_n from_o hereford_n they_o altogether_o raise_v considerable_a force_n against_o monfort_n who_o meet_v they_o and_o join_v battle_n near_o evesham_n monfort_n with_o one_o of_o his_o son_n and_o many_o other_o lord_n and_o knight_n be_v slay_v and_o all_o his_o party_n rout_v now_o pray_v 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cathedral_n church_n pray_o why_o may_v not_o these_o numerous_a baron_n be_v trust_v as_o well_o as_o all_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n m._n as_o for_o his_o not_o summon_v all_o the_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o put_v knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n in_o their_o room_n 143._o there_o may_v be_v a_o very_a good_a reason_n give_v for_o it_o viz._n the_o danger_n that_o simon_n monford_n and_o his_o privado_n apprehend_v from_o the_o too_o great_a concourse_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o their_o great_a retinueâ—_n and_o the_o example_n of_o his_o own_o and_o the_o baron_n practice_n at_o oxford_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 42_o d._n of_o henry_n the_o three_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o they_o alter_v the_o ancient_a usage_n and_o of_o their_o send_v writ_n out_o command_v the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n as_o also_o the_o city_n and_o burgh_n to_o send_v two_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n respective_o but_o the_o reason_n why_o there_o be_v so_o many_o abbot_n and_o prior_n summon_v be_v 139._o because_o simon_n monfort_n think_v himself_o sure_a of_o they_o he_o be_v a_o great_a zealot_n and_o a_o godly_a man_n in_o those_o time_n and_o a_o great_a minion_n of_o these_o religious_a man_n as_o then_o call_v as_o also_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n and_o they_o be_v at_o least_o seem_o great_a favourite_n of_o he_o f._n i_o must_v confess_v there_o be_v some_o colour_n of_o reason_n why_o simon_n monfort_n shall_v summon_v so_o many_o abbot_n and_o prior_n to_o this_o parliament_n if_o he_o be_v sure_a of_o all_o their_o vote_n before_o hand_n but_o there_o be_v no_o certainty_n of_o this_o for_o if_o he_o have_v be_v so_o sure_a of_o they_o there_o be_v as_o much_o reason_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v call_v they_o all_o likewise_o to_o the_o parliament_n at_o london_n which_o you_o say_v he_o summon_v the_o year_n before_o when_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o other_o he_o 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liberty_n in_o king_n john_n time_n or_o that_o they_o will_v have_v thus_o tame_o permit_v man_n whole_o of_o the_o sheriff_n choice_n to_o have_v thus_o take_v away_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o make_v law_n for_o they_o much_o less_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n most_o of_o who_o be_v certain_o not_o noble_a by_o birth_n nor_o yet_o hold_v land_n in_o capite_fw-la nor_o can_v it_o be_v for_o monfort_n interest_n so_o to_o do_v for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v of_o his_o side_n already_o and_o thus_o to_o â—â—clude_v they_o have_v be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o disoblige_v they_o and_o make_v they_o leave_v he_o and_o go_v over_o to_o the_o king_n side_n so_o that_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n grant_v monfort_n to_o have_v be_v such_o a_o knave_n and_o hypocrite_n as_o you_o make_v he_o yet_o certain_o he_o be_v no_o fool_n but_o a_o great_a politician_n and_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o or_o any_o 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of_o the_o marginal_a reference_n to_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n petyr_n but_o since_o the_o doctor_n know_v very_o well_o how_o to_o distinguish_v his_o own_o from_o the_o author_n matter_n and_o that_o those_o who_o be_v conversant_a in_o his_o writing_n may_v do_v so_o likewise_o he_o hope_v both_o the_o doctor_n and_o the_o reader_n will_v the_o more_o easy_o forgive_v it_o especial_o since_o you_o will_v find_v he_o so_o fair_a a_o representer_n as_o not_o to_o curtail_v the_o doctor_n argument_n but_o rather_o to_o enlarge_v they_o whâ—â—_n he_o think_v he_o have_v a_o just_a occasion_n finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n be_v a_o continuation_n of_o the_o former_a discourse_n concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n wherein_o the_o best_a authority_n for_o it_o be_v propose_v and_o examine_v with_o a_o entrance_n upon_o the_o question_n of_o nonresistance_n etc._n etc._n the_o three_o part._n 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first_o appear_v at_o our_o great_a council_n i_o shall_v therefore_o give_v you_o another_o quotation_n out_o of_o the_o same_o old_a monk_n sulcardus_n which_o immediate_o follow_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n william_n the_o first_o to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n but_o now_o cite_v and_o it_o have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o not_o only_o by_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o etc._n etc._n but_o by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n himself_o in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciale_n as_o also_o by_o the_o author_n of_o argumentum_fw-la aâ—tinormaunicum_n to_o prove_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o a_o great_a council_n in_o the_o 9th_o year_n of_o k._n william_n the_o first_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1075._o the_o word_n as_o cite_v in_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n be_v these_o that_o after_o the_o king_n have_v subscribe_v his_o name_n to_o this_o charter_n with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n add_v many_o of_o the_o bishop_n 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county_n or_o shire_n m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v
in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n i._n and_o his_o progenitor_n have_v send_v two_o burgess_n to_o every_o parliament_n or_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n shall_v have_v ever_o receive_v this_o petition_n without_o indignation_n and_o a_o severe_a rebuke_n for_o their_o impudence_n if_o all_o the_o world_n theâ—_n know_v as_o certain_o they_o must_v be_v it_o true_a that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o election_n of_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v but_o fifty_o year_n before_o the_o 8_o of_o ed._n ii_o who_o from_o thence_o have_v appear_v no_o more_o till_o the_o 18_o of_o ed._n i._n which_o be_v but_o 24_o year_n before_o the_o delivery_n of_o this_o petition_n a_o time_n which_o must_v have_v be_v then_o fresh_a in_o the_o memory_n of_o most_o of_o the_o king_n council_n there_o present_a whereas_o they_o allow_v this_o general_a claim_n of_o prescription_n and_o every_o person_n though_o but_o mean_o skill_a in_o our_o law_n do_v understand_v a_o general_a prescription_n viz._n à _fw-fr tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la contrarium_fw-la memoria_fw-la hominum_fw-la non_fw-la existit_fw-la what_o it_o be_v then_o and_o so_o remain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n as_o appear_v by_o our_o ancient_a record_n law-book_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n and_o sure_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n do_v not_o ground_n their_o petition_n of_o right_n upon_o a_o affirmation_n in_o nubes_fw-la 11._o but_o the_o justice_n &_o certainty_n of_o their_o claim_n as_o they_o very_o well_o know_v which_o so_o they_o pray_v it_o may_v be_v examine_v by_o uncontrollable_a proof_n the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n and_o the_o king_n chancellor_z and_o all_o the_o council_n do_v no_o less_o know_v there_o be_v such_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n and_o therefore_o order_v their_o search_n whereas_o if_o the_o very_a ground_n of_o their_o petition_n have_v be_v notorious_o false_a and_o idle_a as_o it_o must_v have_v be_v if_o neither_o this_o nor_o any_o other_o burrow_n have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o then_o instead_o of_o record_v this_o petition_n and_o answer_n to_o future_a age_n they_o will_v with_o contempt_n and_o indignation_n have_v reject_v it_o nor_o will_v the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n council_n and_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n against_o who_o this_o petition_n be_v exhibit_v have_v be_v want_v in_o their_o own_o defence_n to_o have_v show_v that_o this_o ancient_a prescription_n not_o only_o of_o this_o but_o of_o all_o other_o burrough_n be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n and_o fable_n but_o instead_o of_o this_o we_o do_v not_o find_v they_o make_v any_o opposition_n against_o it_o because_o they_o know_v they_o have_v be_v summon_v and_o appear_v at_o divers_a parliament_n before_o that_o time_n 202._o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o prins_n parliamentary_a register_n they_o be_v in_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v 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and_o that_o they_o also_o be_v summon_v &_o appear_v in_o primo_fw-la &_o jecundo_fw-la of_o edward_n the_o second_o in_o who_o reign_n this_o petition_n be_v exhibit_v you_o may_v see_v in_o prin_n parliamentary_a register_n both_o three_o and_o four_o part_n 900._o in_o the_o last_o of_o which_o you_o may_v find_v the_o name_n of_o the_o burgess_n return_v in_o the_o first_o and_o five_o of_o this_o king_n as_o they_o may_v have_v be_v see_v also_o in_o the_o second_o have_v not_o the_o return_n as_o mr._n prin_fw-mi then_o acknowledge_v be_v tear_v off_o though_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o appear_v there_o and_o so_o may_v be_v likewise_o lose_v for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n of_o this_o king_n till_o the_o second_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o when_o we_o find_v they_o appear_v again_o and_o so_o continue_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o this_o day_n and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n of_o their_o non_fw-la appearance_n from_o the_o defect_n of_o record_n i_o will_v undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o london_n and_o several_a other_o city_n do_v not_o send_v any_o citizen_n to_o parliament_n in_o several_a king_n reign_v as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o this_o list_n of_o town_n who_o writ_n of_o expense_n we_o now_o mention_v of_o the_o â—5th_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o firstâ—_o where_o london_n and_o most_o other_o great_a city_n be_v omit_v and_o yet_o st._n alban_n be_v in_o to_o conclude_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a claim_n of_o this_o burrow_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o the_o 5_o of_o edward_n the_o second_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n bendâ—llo_n that_o the_o bailiff_n of_o the_o abbot_n have_v refuse_v to_o levy_v the_o expense_n for_o ralph_n and_o peter_n picot_n who_o have_v serve_v as_o burgess_n for_o the_o say_a town_n in_o the_o last_o parliament_n whereupon_o the_o say_v ralph_n and_o peter_n set_v forth_o before_o the_o king_n that_o the_o say_a town_n use_v not_o to_o be_v tax_v with_o other_o burrough_n of_o the_o say_a county_n for_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n totis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la retroactis_fw-la but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o free_a burrough_n and_o use_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n which_o have_v be_v summon_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n temporibus_fw-la retroactis_fw-la and_o that_o the_o burgess_n of_o the_o say_a town_n use_v to_o receive_v their_o expense_n as_o the_o burgess_n of_o other_o burrough_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o which_o plea_n and_o petition_n of_o the_o say_a burgess_n when_o the_o king_n have_v appoint_v a_o day_n both_o to_o the_o say_a burgess_n and_o bailiff_n of_o the_o abbot_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o in_o chancery_n they_o fail_v at_o the_o day_n appoint_v the_o king_n therefore_o issue_v out_o this_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n to_o summon_v the_o say_a abbot_n and_o bailiff_n to_o appear_v again_o before_o he_o to_o show_v cause_n why_o the_o say_v ralph_n and_o peter_n shall_v not_o receive_v their_o expense_n as_o aforesaid_a m._n i_o will_v consider_v further_o of_o this_o argument_n for_o i_o must_v ingenious_o confess_v i_o never_o hear_v or_o understand_v so_o much_o of_o this_o matter_n before_o but_o pray_v proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o authority_n f._n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o burrough_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o admit_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n but_o that_o also_o that_o it_o be_v the_o belief_n of_o succeed_a parliament_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n long_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o for_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o call_v to_o mind_v that_o king_n john_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o his_o reign_n make_v himself_o and_o crown_n tributary_n
what'were_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o represent_v by_o knight_n and_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n ever_o a_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n from_o eternity_n before_o man_n be_v create_v or_o have_v they_o be_v so_o ever_o since_o adam_n or_o ever_o since_o england_n be_v people_v or_o ever_o since_o the_o britain_n roman_n and_o saxon_n inhabit_v this_o island_n certain_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v so_o represent_v and_o that_o be_v the_o question_n between_o we_o concern_v which_o whether_o you_o or_o myself_o be_v in_o the_o right_n i_o dare_v leave_v to_o any_o impartial_a judge_n f._n but_o notwithstanding_o your_o drs._n answer_n i_o think_v under_o favour_n the_o king_n and_o lord_n do_v here_o allow_v the_o substance_n of_o this_o petition_n or_o claim_v as_o the_o main_a ground_n and_o foundation_n on_o which_o it_o be_v build_v viz._n that_o the_o commons_o have_v ever_o be_v member_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o that_o no_o law_n or_o statute_n shall_v be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n which_o encroachment_n upon_o their_o liberty_n 〈◊〉_d seem_v have_v be_v before_o endeavour_v by_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n and_o therefore_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n be_v rather_o a_o full_a concession_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o commons_o claim_v otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n will_v have_v leave_v such_o a_o claim_n as_o of_o ancient_a right_n without_o any_o denial_n or_o protestation_n against_o it_o but_o instead_o of_o this_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n allow_v the_o whole_a to_o be_v true_a only_o the_o king_n reserve_v to_o himself_o his_o negative_a voice_n of_o grant_v or_o deny_v what_o he_o please_v which_o the_o commons_o themselves_o do_v also_o allow_v he_o in_o the_o conclusion_n to_o the_o petition_n itself_o as_o you_o may_v see_v if_o you_o please_v to_o read_v it_o at_o large_a and_o father_n that_o this_o affirmation_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o renovation_n or_o memorial_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o that_o point_n be_v more_o full_o explain_v and_o confirm_v by_o a_o petition_n to_o king_n edward_n 2d_o in_o parliament_n 2._o of_o all_o the_o bishop_n prelate_n count_n baron_n and_o other_o of_o the_o commonalty_n in_o the_o 18_o of_o his_o reign_n about_o a_o 100l_n year_n before_o this_o of_o 9th_o henry_n the_o 5_o set_v forth_o that_o they_o hold_v their_o manor_n of_o the_o king_n capite_fw-la as_o well_o within_o the_o forest_n as_o without_o to_o which_o manor_n they_o hold_v gasz_n i._n e._n be_v appendant_a and_o of_o which_o the_o seignory_n have_v be_v rent_v out_o by_o the_o acre_n half_a acre_n and_o rude_a in_o improve_n their_o say_v manor_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n have_v make_v seizure_n thereof_o because_o they_o have_v not_o the_o king_n licence_n so_o to_o do_v and_o therefore_o pray_v that_o they_o may_v improve_v their_o say_a manor_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o petition_v it_o be_v answer_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n in_o parliament_n that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o a_o new_a law_n to_o do_v which_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n will_v never_o assent_v and_o conclude_v infra_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la from_o whence_o i_o make_v these_o observation_n that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n do_v here_o declare_v it_o as_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o england_n that_o no_o new_a law_n can_v then_o be_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n and_o also_o that_o this_o commonalty_n be_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o beside_o this_o i_o can_v show_v you_o divers_a precedent_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o particular_o a_o declaration_n or_o protestation_n to_o edward_n 3d._n by_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n 56._o that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o any_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o say_a commons_o which_o be_v also_o far_o confirm_v by_o another_o petition_n of_o right_n or_o a_o protestation_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 6_o richard_n 2d_o pt._n 1._o m._n 52._o wherein_o they_o pray_v against_o a_o pretend_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o lord_n against_o those_o who_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o be_v call_v lollard_n in_o which_o they_o set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v never_o assent_v to_o by_o the_o commons_o and_o therefore_o pray_v that_o it_o be_v annul_v and_o pray_v observe_v the_o reason_n for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o their_o intent_n to_o be_v justify_v nor_o to_o oblige_v themselves_o or_o their_o successor_n to_o the_o prelate_n more_o than_o their_o ancestor_n have_v be_v in_o time_n pass_v from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o commons_o do_v by_o all_o these_o petition_n and_o protestation_n make_v as_o strong_a a_o claim_n by_o prescription_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o ancestor_n not_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n as_o the_o king_n can_v make_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o ancestor_n touch_v his_o own_o prerogative_n by_o prescription_n but_o as_o for_o your_o query_n on_o this_o petition_n since_o they_o be_v not_o your_o own_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o i_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o impertinent_a for_o who_o ever_o suppose_v that_o the_o commons_o claim_v a_o right_a by_o prescription_n ever_o since_o the_o creation_n or_o ever_o since_o the_o first_o people_v of_o this_o island_n since_o any_o body_n may_v see_v that_o this_o word_n ever_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_a in_o hand_n viz._n from_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n in_o this_o island_n now_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o put_v you_o a_o case_n suppose_v you_o shall_v affirm_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v successive_a and_o not_o elective_a will_v it_o not_o be_v mere_a cavil_v to_o ask_v you_o whither_o it_o be_v so_o pure_a divino_fw-la ever_o since_o adam_n but_o as_o you_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o impartial_a judge_n who_o be_v in_o the_o right_n you_o or_o i_o so_o shall_v i_o likewise_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o consider_v which_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o yourself_o your_o dr._n and_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a antiquary_n shall_v make_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o no_o ancient_a than_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o or_o middle_a of_o edward_n the_o one_a reign_n or_o the_o constant_a judgement_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n who_o 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commons_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n therefore_o since_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o they_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o be_v lose_v i_o pray_v show_v i_o from_o this_o general_a right_n of_o prescription_n you_o so_o much_o talk_v of_o that_o there_o must_v have_v be_v any_o commons_o summon_v to_o parliament_n before_o that_o time_n for_o i_o have_v now_o somewhat_o very_o material_a out_o of_o mr._n prins_n parliamentary_a register_n to_o object_n against_o mr._n lambard_n argument_n from_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la be_v exempt_v by_o prescription_n from_o pay_v to_o the_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n as_o you_o tell_v i_o at_o our_o last_o meet_v but_o one_o but_o first_o let_v i_o hear_v the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n from_o this_o
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any_o legal_a power_n all_o which_o can_v never_o have_v happen_v have_v not_o that_o war_n be_v not_o only_o begin_v but_o continue_v to_o the_o very_a last_o by_o a_o stand_a army_n which_o can_v give_v what_o law_n they_o please_v even_o to_o those_o that_o pretend_v to_o command_v they_o so_o that_o why_o the_o abuse_n of_o this_o right_o once_o in_o a_o thousand_o year_n shall_v be_v make_v any_o just_a argument_n against_o the_o ever_o use_v it_o at_o all_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n for_o it_o as_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o discourse_n against_o make_v any_o war_n about_o religion_n that_o be_v also_o as_o fallacious_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o true_a religion_n be_v not_o to_o be_v propagate_v yet_o i_o think_v it_o may_v lawful_o be_v defend_v by_o the_o sword_n especial_o where_o it_o be_v the_o receive_v establish_v religion_n of_o a_o nation_n or_o else_o the_o defence_n of_o religion_n against_o infidel_n will_v be_v no_o argument_n at_o 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statute_n of_o provisor_n and_o praemunire_n and_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a record_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n ii_o henry_n iu_o and_o henry_n v._o that_o they_o never_o intrude_v the_o crown_n with_o a_o absolute_a power_n of_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n but_o only_o for_o a_o time_n as_o till_o the_o next_o parliament_n or_o long_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o so_o much_o time_n to_o give_v you_o so_o many_o precedent_n at_o length_n i_o shall_v only_o tell_v you_o that_o as_o to_o the_o main_a instance_n you_o rely_v upon_o viz._n the_o king_n dispense_v with_o the_o statute_n of_o sheriff_n that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o take_v for_o law_n appear_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n as_o in_o 28._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o whereby_o those_o sheriff_n that_o have_v hold_v their_o office_n for_o more_o than_o a_o year_n be_v pardon_v likewise_o in_o the_o act_n of_o edw._n iu._n there_o be_v 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precedent_n and_o fellow_n of_o magdalen_n college_n and_o that_o prosecution_n that_o be_v late_o order_v against_o all_o those_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o distribute_v or_o read_v the_o king_n declaration_n though_o i_o confess_v there_o be_v a_o stop_n put_v to_o this_o upon_o recalling_a this_o commission_n immediate_o before_o the_o prince_n arrival_n so_o likewise_o for_o the_o other_o article_n of_o levy_v money_n contrary_n to_o law_n that_o be_v also_o without_o any_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n at_o all_o demand_v about_o it_o for_o the_o illegal_a collection_n of_o chimney_n money_n by_o make_v cottage_n and_o oven_n pay_v that_o be_v exempt_v by_o the_o act_n concern_v it_o and_o also_o the_o illegal_a levy_n of_o excise_n by_o make_v small-beer_n pay_v the_o duty_n of_o strong_a be_v all_o of_o they_o act_v and_o do_v by_o particular_a direction_n from_o the_o treasury_n or_o by_o the_o private_a abuse_n of_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o 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notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v allege_v against_o it_o which_o yet_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o say_v before_o that_o duke_n robert_n have_v a_o hereditary_a right_n and_o therefore_o he_o can_v not_o be_v put_v by_o which_o be_v to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o you_o can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o he_o have_v this_o right_a either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o law_n of_o england_n or_o the_o law_n of_o normandy_n not_o by_o the_o two_o former_a as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v for_o your_o conqueror_n himself_o be_v a_o bastard_n have_v no_o better_a title_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n than_o his_o father_n last_o will_n before_o he_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n which_o be_v not_o good_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o that_o duchy_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o historian_n of_o that_o time_n so_o that_o the_o great_a objection_n you_o have_v to_o make_v against_o king_n henry_n be_v elect_v in_o a_o true_a common-council_n of_o 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about_o it_o viz._n that_o henry_n be_v elect_v king_n as_o soon_o as_o king_n william_n funeral_n be_v over_o aliquantis_fw-la tamen_fw-la ante_fw-la controversiis_fw-la inter_fw-la proceres_fw-la agitatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o h._n de_fw-fr knyghton_n recite_v the_o cause_n why_o duke_n robert_n be_v set_v aside_o viz._n because_o he_o have_v be_v always_o contrary_a and_o unnatural_a to_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n 2374._o therefore_o quoth_v plenario_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o consilio_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la ipsum_fw-la refutaverunt_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la rege_fw-la omnino_fw-la recusauâ—â—â—nt_fw-la &_o henricum_fw-la fratrem_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la erexerunt_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a writer_n out_o of_o who_o knyghton_n take_v this_o passage_n that_o this_o election_n be_v make_v by_o the_o free_a consent_n and_o in_o a_o full_a council_n of_o all_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o 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competebat_fw-la temere_fw-la usurpando_fw-la injustè_fw-fr nimis_fw-la abstulcrat_fw-mi yet_o this_o author_n write_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o who_o have_v succeed_v his_o father_n by_o a_o pretend_a right_n of_o inheritance_n as_o well_o as_o election_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o he_o who_o write_v near_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o this_o transaction_n shall_v give_v his_o judgement_n in_o this_o matter_n according_a to_o the_o common_a opinion_n and_o prejudice_n of_o that_o age_n and_o must_v certain_o speak_v by_o guess_n for_o how_o can_v he_o otherwise_o affirm_v unless_o he_o have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o that_o king_n thought_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o same_o place_n that_o he_o feel_v conscientiam_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o obtentu_fw-la regni_fw-la cauteriatam_fw-la since_o no_o other_o writer_n either_o of_o that_o time_n or_o after_o it_o do_v thus_o blame_v king_n henry_n for_o take_v the_o crown_n but_o as_o for_o the_o account_n you_o give_v why_o duke_n robert_n never_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o king_n if_o the_o throne_n have_v not_o then_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o vacant_a because_o of_o the_o agreement_n which_o he_o make_v with_o his_o brother_n by_o which_o he_o part_v with_o his_o right_n for_o a_o pension_n during_o his_o life_n be_v not_o at_o all_o satisfactory_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n neither_o of_o these_o agreement_n be_v make_v till_o above_o a_o year_n after_o his_o pretend_a title_n do_v accrue_v to_o he_o by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v if_o he_o have_v look_v upon_o himself_o as_o true_a king_n to_o have_v immediate_o take_v the_o title_n upon_o he_o which_o he_o never_o do_v so_o likewise_o the_o agreement_n itself_o make_v whole_o against_o your_o notion_n of_o any_o hereditary_a succession_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o be_v then_o settle_v since_o the_o main_a clause_n in_o both_o these_o agreement_n be_v that_o the_o survivor_n shall_v be_v heir_n to_o he_o that_o die_v first_o unless_o he_o leave_v child_n of_o his_o own_o to_o succeed_v he_o which_o plain_o show_v that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o both_o those_o prince_n and_o of_o the_o great_a man_n that_o swear_v on_o either_o side_n to_o see_v it_o observe_v they_o know_v of_o no_o such_o settle_a right_n of_o succession_n in_o their_o heir_n which_o they_o themselves_o can_v not_o part_v with_o or_o else_o this_o clause_n have_v be_v whole_o in_o vain_a since_o both_o king_n william_n and_o king_n henry_n child_n be_v to_o have_v succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n by_o virtue_n of_o both_o these_o agreement_n before_o the_o son_n of_o duke_n robert_n have_v his_o son_n william_n who_o be_v only_o earl_n of_o flanders_n survive_v he_o but_o now_o if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v proceed_v with_o your_o other_o exception_n against_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o instance_n i_o have_v here_o give_v you_o of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v agree_v who_o to_o place_v therein_o m._n as_o to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o carry_v less_o show_n of_o reason_n than_o what_o you_o urge_v in_o the_o former_a case_n since_o all_o writer_n agree_v that_o this_o be_v a_o manifest_a usurpation_n in_o stephen_n who_o can_v pretend_v no_o sort_n of_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n himself_o as_o well_o as_o perjury_n in_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n who_o have_v swear_v fealty_n to_o king_n henry_n daughter_n maud_n in_o his_o life-time_n make_v stephen_n earl_n of_o blois_n their_o king_n therefore_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n and_o all_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n do_v accuse_v stephen_n of_o downright_a perjury_n and_o usurpation_n and_o likewise_o relate_v that_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n through_o the_o power_n of_o the_o londoner_n and_o citizen_n of_o winchester_n but_o yet_o all_o these_o endeavour_n have_v be_v in_o vain_a unless_o he_o have_v be_v assist_v by_o his_o brother_n henry_n bishop_n of_o that_o city_n and_o then_o the_o pope_n legate_n in_o england_n and_o favour_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o crown_v he_o and_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o there_o be_v but_o a_o very_a small_a faction_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n who_o be_v for_o his_o croonation_n for_o w._n malmsbury_n tell_v we_o coronatus_n est_fw-la ergo_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la stephanus_n 178._o tribus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la nullis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la paucissimis_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o this_o that_o be_v head_v by_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n the_o empress_n base_a brother_n they_o raise_v a_o war_n against_o stephen_n which_o after_o her_o come_n over_o hither_o be_v
to_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o now_o your_o only_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v that_o king_n richard_n though_o his_o elder_a son_n alive_a be_v only_o call_v duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o never_o king_n of_o england_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n but_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o own_a for_o king_n of_o england_n before_o his_o pretend_a election_n or_o coronation_n for_o before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n to_o be_v crown_v rocer_n hoveden_n tell_v we_o 373._o that_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elinor_n swear_v quod_fw-la fideni_fw-la portabit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n regis_fw-la hen._n filio_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v then_o by_o common_a intendment_n look_v upon_o as_o king_n before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o this_o very_a author_n also_o relate_v that_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v at_o london_n by_o who_o council_n and_o assent_v the_o say_a duke_n be_v consecrate_a and_o crown_v king_n of_o england_n and_o though_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n then_o dean_n of_o st._n pawles_n who_o in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o that_o church_n then_o supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o bishop_n at_o king_n richard_n coronation_n have_v this_o passage_n 647._o comes_fw-la itaque_fw-la pictavorum_n richardus_fw-la hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la praemovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la post_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la solemnem_fw-la &_o debitam_fw-la electionem_fw-la involutas_fw-la est_fw-la triplici_fw-la sacramento_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n here_o signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o hereditary_a right_n be_v so_o own_v and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o 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by_o you_o from_o the_o parliament_n roll_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o parliament_n allow_v this_o king_n seign_v and_o false_a claim_n to_o be_v good_a by_o their_o not_o contradict_v it_o for_o though_o the_o record_n say_v that_o upon_o the_o hear_n of_o this_o challenge_n or_o claim_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v then_o ask_v their_o judgement_n several_o they_o declare_v that_o the_o same_o state_n without_o any_o difficulty_n or_o delay_n unanimous_o agree_v that_o the_o say_a duke_n shall_v reign_v over_o they_o for_o consider_v the_o duke_n great_a power_n it_o be_v not_o safe_a tell_v he_o to_o his_o face_n that_o he_o have_v no_o true_a right_n by_o inheritance_n therefore_o they_o only_o declare_v in_o general_a word_n without_o express_o deny_v or_o affirm_v his_o say_a claim_n that_o he_o shall_v reign_v over_o they_o which_o word_n do_v rather_o amount_v to_o a_o election_n of_o he_o to_o be_v king_n without_o 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the_o nation_n from_o his_o oppression_n though_o the_o prince_n be_v please_v to_o accept_v it_o upon_o those_o term_n express_v in_o the_o late_a declaration_n of_o the_o convention_n and_o upon_o his_o free_a promise_n to_o preserve_v preserve_v our_o religion_n law_n and_o liberty_n which_o he_o have_v since_o also_o confirm_v by_o his_o coronation_n oath_n but_o as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o prince_n make_v the_o king_n army_n desert_n he_o and_o wrought_v the_o people_n into_o hatred_n of_o his_o person_n by_o lie_a story_n and_o mean_a art_n be_v altogether_o untrue_a since_o i_o know_v of_o no_o report_n he_o make_v of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o government_n but_o what_o be_v in_o his_o first_o declaration_n and_o that_o be_v certain_o true_a in_o every_o part_n of_o it_o and_o as_o have_v be_v justify_v by_o the_o express_a declaration_n of_o the_o convention_n in_o every_o particular_a except_o that_o concern_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n which_o i_o confess_v be_v 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to_o the_o purpose_n as_o long_o as_o the_o thing_n itself_o remain_v the_o same_o in_o substance_n as_o it_o be_v before_o for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o intent_n of_o the_o people_n who_o establish_v this_o form_n of_o government_n that_o upon_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n the_o government_n shall_v be_v so_o quite_o dissolve_v as_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o confuse_a multitude_n to_o choose_v what_o form_n of_o government_n they_o shall_v think_v fit_a therefore_o to_o conclude_v i_o wish_v you_o will_v be_v persuade_v to_o own_o this_o government_n as_o it_o be_v now_o establish_v and_o to_o take_v 〈◊〉_d oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o be_v enjoin_v by_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o convention_n who_o be_v the_o only_a proper_a and_o legal_a judge_n we_o can_v now_o have_v of_o confer_v the_o right_n of_o those_o to_o who_o our_o allegiance_n be_v due_a and_o if_o in_o case_n a_o dispute_n about_o the_o right_a 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power_n under_o other_o title_n such_o as_o the_o rump_n parliament_n under_o the_o title_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n or_o oliver_n cromwell_n under_o that_o of_o a_o protector_n who_o though_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o protect_v the_o people_n after_o a_o sort_n in_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n yet_o since_o it_o be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o true_a right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o nation_n which_o they_o high_o violate_v and_o in_o some_o point_n quite_o destroy_v and_o that_o they_o also_o take_v upon_o they_o this_o protection_n without_o the_o free_a consent_n of_o the_o lawful_a representative_n of_o the_o nation_n assemble_v in_o a_o full_a and_o lawful_a parliament_n i_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n allow_v they_o to_o have_v give_v the_o people_n such_o a_o true_a and_o legal_a protection_n as_o the_o law_n require_v to_o constitute_v a_o true_a and_o perfect_a allegiance_n or_o can_v make_v they_o to_o be_v the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o within_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o so_o that_o this_o statute_n and_o that_o of_o the_o 11_o henry_n the_o seven_o must_v be_v our_o rule_n in_o this_o case_n but_o i_o can_v but_o smile_v at_o the_o expedient_a you_o have_v find_v out_o to_o hinder_v the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n from_o be_v ruin_v if_o they_o do_v not_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o their_o majesty_n which_o be_v by_o a_o general_a and_o absolute_a refusal_n of_o it_o and_o this_o you_o suppose_v if_o unanimous_o agree_v on_o will_v hinder_v they_o from_o suffer_v any_o thing_n by_o this_o their_o refusal_n and_o you_o think_v they_o be_v also_o strong_a enough_o to_o oppose_v it_o because_o the_o king_n have_v only_o a_o small_a army_n of_o foreigner_n which_o he_o still_o maintain_v here_o and_o this_o you_o think_v may_v lawful_o be_v do_v because_o their_o majesty_n do_v not_o claim_v by_o conquest_n but_o by_o the_o election_n of_o the_o convention_n and_o therefore_o that_o this_o case_n do_v not_o come_v up_o to_o that_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o flanders_n and_o holstein_n in_o which_o argument_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v that_o every_o one_o of_o your_o supposition_n be_v false_a for_o though_o the_o nation_n be_v not_o conquer_a yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o privaâ—â—_n subject_n be_v under_o as_o great_a a_o restraint_n by_o this_o legal_a change_n of_o the_o government_n as_o if_o they_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o conqueror_n for_o to_o resist_v will_v be_v equal_o fatal_a to_o they_o in_o both_o case_n and_o there_o be_v no_o visible_a power_n nor_o authority_n that_o can_v defend_v they_o against_o the_o present_a power_n in_o case_n they_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o refuse_v this_o oath_n when_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n be_v stand_v army_n of_o foreigner_n be_v but_o small_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n since_o 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may_v as_o just_o claim_v by_o conquest_n as_o his_o namesake_n william_n the_o first_o since_o he_o come_v not_o over_o to_o conquer_v the_o nation_n but_o to_o vindicate_v his_o former_a right_n and_o after_o his_o conquest_n of_o king_n harold_n can_v have_v no_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n till_o he_o have_v be_v solemn_o elect_v and_o recognise_v for_o king_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n use_v at_o that_o time_n and_o why_o the_o nation_n may_v not_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n now_o for_o their_o deliverer_n from_o king_n iame'_v arbitrary_a power_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n but_o if_o the_o whole_a nation_n shall_v have_v be_v as_o pevish_a and_o discontent_a as_o those_o of_o your_o principle_n and_o shall_v not_o look_v upon_o the_o king_n as_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n because_o he_o do_v not_o claim_v by_o conquest_n it_o will_v be_v altogether_o as_o grateful_a and_o reasonable_a as_o if_o a_o woman_n have_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o honest_a gentleman_n be_v rescue_v from_o be_v ravish_v and_o he_o afterward_o fall_v in_o love_n with_o she_o himself_o shall_v court_v she_o to_o marry_v she_o she_o shall_v refuse_v he_o because_o he_o have_v not_o ravish_v she_o when_o he_o may_v or_o at_o least_o have_v force_v she_o to_o marry_v he_o whither_o she_o will_v or_o no_o apply_v this_o comparison_n to_o the_o case_n in_o dispute_n and_o see_v if_o it_o do_v not_o hold_v and_o therefore_o i_o must_v still_o maintain_v that_o the_o parallel_a case_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o flanders_n and_o holstein_n be_v still_o good_a as_o to_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n who_o have_v no_o notion_n how_o allegiance_n can_v be_v transfer_v unless_o by_o perfect_a force_n and_o conquest_n since_o if_o you_o please_v to_o desire_v it_o i_o will_v undertake_v the_o government_n shall_v seize_v upon_o your_o estate_n and_o imprison_v your_o person_n till_o you_o do_v take_v the_o oath_n as_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o denmark_n do_v those_o that_o refuse_v to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o they_o m._n i_o have_v hear_v you_o a_o great_a while_n upon_o this_o subject_a and_o i_o wish_v i_o can_v say_v i_o be_v full_o satisfy_v with_o your_o reason_n however_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a i_o will_v not_o dispute_v this_o point_n any_o far_a but_o will_v take_v time_n to_o consider_v what_o you_o have_v now_o urge_v but_o only_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o thus_o much_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o prince_n can_v find_v some_o other_o way_n of_o secure_v themselves_o of_o their_o subject_n fidelity_n beside_o this_o test_n of_o a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o serve_v as_o a_o snare_n to_o many_o pious_a and_o conscientious_a man_n whereas_o those_o of_o none_o or_o at_o least_o of_o very_o loose_a principle_n will_v swallow_v any_o oath_n that_o can_v be_v impose_v upon_o they_o and_o i_o be_o sorry_a to_o see_v so_o many_o of_o those_o who_o i_o know_v be_v in_o their_o heart_n of_o my_o principle_n prevail_v upon_o to_o take_v it_o not_o out_o of_o conscience_n but_o mere_a worldly_a interest_n and_o advantage_n and_o who_o i_o be_o satisfy_v will_v never_o serve_v this_o government_n the_o more_o hearty_o or_o sincere_o for_o have_v take_v it_o and_o therefore_o to_o tell_v you_o the_o truth_n i_o begin_v very_o much_o to_o incline_v to_o grotius_n opinion_n that_o promissory_n oath_n be_v absolute_o unlawful_a yet_o consider_v the_o several_a change_n and_o turn_v of_o government_n which_o we_o have_v see_v in_o england_n for_o above_o forty_o year_n last_o pass_v i_o be_o so_o far_o for_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o my_o country_n as_o to_o think_v every_o true_a english_a man_n oblige_v so_o far_o to_o obey_v the_o power_n in_o be_v as_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o defence_n of_o the_o nation_n by_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o in_o the_o punishment_n of_o offender_n and_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o nation_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n but_o sure_o methinks_v this_o might_n verywell_a be_v do_v without_o the_o impose_v any_o oath_n at_o all_o either_o upon_o magistrate_n or_o officer_n and_o much_o less_o upon_o ordinary_a subject_n since_o if_o they_o be_v persuade_v in_o their_o conscience_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o act_v under_o this_o present_a government_n let_v they_o do_v it_o if_o they_o will_v but_o a_o for_o the_o common_a people_n i_o confess_v they_o be_v so_o stupid_a that_o they_o have_v seldom_o any_o other_o measure_n of_o the_o justice_n or_o lawfulness_n of_o any_o government_n or_o prince_n title_n than_o the_o ease_n or_o advantage_n they_o find_v by_o it_o and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o think_v it_o be_v much_o better_o for_o
the_o government_n in_o the_o unsettle_a state_n it_o be_v in_o to_o follow_v cromwell_n example_n and_o to_o impose_v no_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n at_o all_o since_o the_o government_n may_v be_v as_o secure_v without_o it_o as_o for_o all_o that_o i_o can_v see_v they_o can_v be_v with_o it_o and_o as_o it_o be_v now_o manage_v i_o see_v little_a it_o can_v serve_v for_o but_o to_o distinguish_v and_o divide_v we_o one_o from_o another_o and_o beside_o its_o be_v a_o snare_n to_o the_o conscience_n of_o so_o many_o that_o take_v it_o it_o be_v like_o also_o to_o prove_v the_o ruin_n of_o divers_a of_o our_o bishop_n and_o other_o honest_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o will_v certain_o rather_o lose_v their_o dignity_n and_o employment_n than_o ever_o take_v it_o which_o will_v also_o cause_v a_o great_a schism_n in_o the_o church_n as_o i_o doubt_v you_o will_v find_v when_o it_o be_v too_o late_o whereas_o if_o these_o man_n may_v have_v hold_v their_o bishopric_n and_o all_o other_o preferment_n and_o office_n without_o have_v this_o oath_n impose_v upon_o they_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o will_v serve_v both_o the_o church_n and_o state_n in_o their_o several_a station_n according_a to_o their_o duty_n and_o as_o far_o as_o lawful_o they_o can_v f._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o you_o have_v speak_v very_o honest_o and_o like_o a_o good_a english_a man_n in_o many_o thing_n you_o have_v now_o say_v in_o case_n your_o intention_n towards_o the_o present_a government_n be_v real_a as_o your_o word_n be_v fair_a and_o therefore_o i_o can_v wonder_v that_o you_o have_v be_v former_o a_o stiff_a asserter_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n shall_v now_o be_v for_o take_v it_o quite_o away_o now_o it_o grow_v too_o hard_o for_o you_o self_n and_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n to_o digest_v as_o if_o to_o oblige_v subject_n to_o defend_v their_o governor_n be_v a_o necessary_a security_n for_o your_o rightful_a prince_n but_o be_v unnecessary_a for_o those_o who_o you_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o suppose_v to_o be_v usurper_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v i_o must_v very_o much_o pity_v the_o overnice_a principle_n of_o those_o of_o your_o way_n who_o be_v true_o peaceable_a and_o conscientious_a and_o be_v like_a to_o be_v ruin_v by_o their_o refusal_n of_o it_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o it_o will_v be_v for_o the_o best_a to_o take_v this_o oath_n quite_o away_o since_o it_o will_v make_v a_o strange_a alteration_n in_o the_o government_n to_o admit_v all_o person_n into_o ordinary_a charge_n much_o less_o into_o employment_n of_o trust_n and_o profit_n without_o take_v any_o oath_n at_o all_o your_o only_a objection_n against_o it_o be_v these_o first_o that_o you_o doubt_v that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o impose_v promissory_n oath_n and_o the_o next_o be_v that_o it_o will_v not_o perform_v the_o end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v intend_v viz._n to_o distinguish_v those_o who_o will_v serve_v the_o government_n faithful_o and_o those_o that_o will_v not_o since_o you_o confess_v that_o a_o great_a many_o who_o be_v not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v in_o their_o conscience_n will_v for_o interest_n not_o only_o hold_v their_o old_a employment_n but_o will_v also_o take_v new_a one_o under_o it_o which_o i_o grant_v be_v not_o to_o be_v avoid_v if_o man_n will_v venture_v to_o be_v damn_v so_o likewise_o on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o quite_o take_v away_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n will_v not_o at_o all_o mend_v the_o matter_n but_o make_v it_o much_o worse_o since_o then_o not_o only_o those_o who_o consoience_n will_v give_v they_o leave_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n but_o also_o those_o who_o think_v they_o ought_v not_o to_o take_v they_o will_v be_v alike_o capable_a of_o employment_n and_o when_o they_o be_v in_o they_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o may_v be_v both_o alike_o free_a to_o act_v as_o they_o please_v against_o the_o present_a government_n and_o for_o restore_v of_o king_n james_n yet_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o for_o all_o that_o that_o i_o be_o much_o more_o fearful_a of_o the_o ill_a will_n or_o malice_n of_o those_o who_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o overthrow_v the_o present_a settlement_n and_o who_o continue_v stiff_a to_o their_o first_o principle_n than_o of_o those_o who_o will_v so_o far_o comply_v with_o this_o present_a government_n and_o their_o own_o interest_n as_o to_o take_v the_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n in_o whatever_o sense_n they_o please_v for_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v that_o such_o man_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o right_a for_o the_o government_n as_o i_o can_v wish_v they_o yet_o either_o fear_n of_o punishment_n or_o else_o the_o consideration_n of_o their_o own_o self-interest_n will_v always_o make_v they_o desire_v to_o retain_v those_o employment_n they_o have_v already_o get_v since_o they_o can_v never_o be_v assure_v of_o better_v their_o condition_n under_o king_n james_n and_o a_o popish_a government_n shall_v he_o ever_o return_v whereas_o those_o that_o be_v bigoted_a to_o principle_n will_v always_o think_v it_o their_o duty_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o notion_n of_o a_o natural_a allegiance_n as_o well_o as_o their_o former_a oath_n to_o endeavour_v to_o restore_v he_o by_o all_o the_o way_n and_o mean_n that_o can_v ever_o lie_v in_o their_o power_n but_o as_o for_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o a_o promissory_a oath_n since_o you_o yourself_o speak_v doubtful_o of_o it_o and_o few_o casuist_n except_o grotius_n have_v be_v of_o that_o opinion_n i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o quit_v our_o ancient_a law_n which_o particular_o prescribe_v that_o not_o only_o all_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n but_o also_o all_o other_o of_o the_o king_n subject_n shall_v take_v the_o old_a oath_n of_o fidelity_n or_o allegiance_n as_o we_o now_o style_v it_o in_o the_o court_n leet_n or_o sheriff_n tear_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n which_o oath_n as_o appear_v by_o what_o we_o can_v find_v of_o it_o in_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o king_n william_n law_n which_o we_o have_v already_o recite_v as_o also_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n fidelitas_fw-la be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n as_o their_o liege_n lord_n of_o life_n and_o limb_n and_o which_o imply_v a_o active_a obedience_n to_o defend_v he_o against_o all_o his_o enemy_n without_o any_o exception_n of_o such_o as_o may_v claim_v by_o inheritance_n or_o right_a of_o blood_n now_o this_o be_v so_o i_o can_v be_v persuade_v that_o the_o government_n ought_v to_o quit_v any_o lawful_a mean_n whereby_o it_o may_v preserve_v itself_o and_o distinguish_v those_o who_o will_v real_o serve_v it_o from_o those_o who_o will_v not_o and_o though_o perhaps_o the_o government_n may_v find_v itself_o mistake_v in_o its_o account_n in_o some_o man_n who_o conscience_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o swallow_v any_o oath_n whatsoever_o yet_o i_o think_v i_o may_v still_o safe_o maintain_v that_o it_o be_v still_o in_o less_o danger_n from_o a_o few_o such_o libertine_n than_o from_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n who_o will_v not_o only_o keep_v their_o place_n under_o this_o government_n but_o will_v also_o continue_v in_o a_o perfect_a state_n of_o war_n against_o it_o let_v they_o be_v treat_v never_o so_o kind_o and_o therefore_o as_o to_o those_o dreadful_a consequence_n of_o schism_n in_o the_o church_n and_o the_o lessen_v and_o divide_v our_o party_n as_o to_o the_o former_a we_o must_v run_v the_o hazard_n of_o it_o since_o it_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o that_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v in_o some_o respect_v temporal_a baron_n hold_v their_o bishopric_n under_o any_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n without_o own_v his_o authority_n and_o i_o can_v also_o show_v you_o that_o the_o king_n and_o 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communion_n can_v depend_v upon_o the_o canonical_a or_o uncanonical_a deprivation_n of_o any_o bishop_n in_o england_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o consider_v these_o thing_n as_o a_o canon-lawyer_n and_o give_v i_o your_o answer_n if_o you_o can_v against_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v and_o then_o tell_v i_o whether_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o threaten_a schism_n be_v so_o just_a and_o apparent_a that_o it_o be_v like_a to_o involve_v so_o many_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o considerate_a of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n into_o open_a separation_n from_o the_o church_n as_o you_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o but_o that_o i_o will_v grant_v there_o be_v many_o of_o the_o clergy_n of_o this_o opinion_n who_o as_o well_o out_o of_o conscience_n as_o for_o their_o own_o interest_n will_v be_v content_v to_o set_v up_o and_o encourage_v such_o a_o separation_n thereby_o to_o make_v themselves_o head_n of_o separate_a congregation_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o present_a benefice_n and_o employment_n upon_o their_o refusal_n of_o this_o oath_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o hear_v so_o much_o say_v upon_o this_o head_n before_o and_o if_o you_o can_v make_v out_o to_o i_o all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v now_o instance_a in_o i_o know_v not_o but_o that_o i_o may_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n thou_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o ever_o you_o can_v show_v i_o that_o any_o bishop_n be_v deprive_v in_o england_n by_o the_o mere_a lay_v authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o a_o great_a council_n or_o convention_n of_o the_o laity_n whilst_o they_o continue_v of_o the_o same_o church-communion_n with_o those_o bishop_n for_o as_o to_o your_o instance_n of_o the_o popish_a bishop_n deprive_v by_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n i_o doubt_v you_o will_v find_v it_o do_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o point_n in_o question_n since_o the_o queen_n and_o parliament_n 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be_v plain_a the_o papist_n themselves_o have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o this_o new_a cause_n of_o schism_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o bishop_n be_v uncanonical_o deprive_v nor_o indeed_o can_v we_o well_o vindicate_v the_o honour_n or_o legality_n of_o our_o reformation_n if_o the_o protestant_a bishop_n who_o succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o those_o who_o be_v thus_o deprive_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v canonical_a because_o their_o predecessor_n deprive_v by_o the_o lay_v power_n be_v still_o alive_a but_o admit_v this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o ever_o it_o have_v be_v thus_o practise_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v then_o reasonable_a and_o do_v upon_o good_a ground_n i_o can_v see_v but_o when_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o church_n and_o state_n require_v it_o and_o that_o the_o clergy_n in_o convocation_n be_v so_o wilful_a and_o wed_v to_o some_o old_a false_a notion_n as_o not_o to_o consult_v the_o peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n 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must_v expect_v to_o enjoy_v or_o execute_v any_o place_n or_o office_n not_o only_o of_o profit_n but_o of_o burden_n and_o charge_n for_o the_o necessary_a execution_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o civil_a government_n without_o which_o we_o can_v live_v or_o subsist_v without_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o qualify_v they_o for_o it_o if_o then_o the_o end_n viz._n civil_a government_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o the_o take_n of_o this_o oath_n be_v the_o only_a mean_n allow_v of_o to_o qualify_v man_n for_o it_o this_o seem_v as_o evident_a to_o i_o that_o take_v of_o this_o oath_n be_v not_o only_o justifiable_a by_o law_n but_o by_o reason_n and_o good_a conscience_n since_o it_o be_v do_v for_o the_o high_a and_o noble_a end_n viz._n the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o common_a wealth_n which_o you_o grant_v can_v subsist_v without_o some_o kind_n of_o civil_a government_n among_o we_o m._n i_o will_v say_v something_o in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o allege_v concern_v the_o necessity_n of_o take_v of_o the_o oath_n in_o order_n to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o some_o civil_a government_n without_o which_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n good_a subject_n can_v subsist_v till_o his_o return_n since_o i_o confess_v this_o be_v the_o strong_a argument_n you_o have_v yet_o bring_v all_o i_o can_v say_v to_o it_o at_o present_a it_z that_o if_o all_o your_o country_n gentleman_n and_o all_o the_o lawyer_n in_o england_n will_v be_v so_o firm_a in_o their_o loyalty_n to_o his_o majesty_n as_o unanimous_o to_o declare_v that_o they_o can_v take_v this_o oath_n with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n the_o consequence_n than_o will_v be_v that_o either_o the_o present_a usurp_v power_n must_v be_v force_v to_o give_v up_o the_o government_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n or_o else_o they_o must_v at_o least_o desist_v from_o press_v this_o oath_n upon_o you_o f._n you_o know_v well_o enough_o 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that_o administer_v it_o be_v alter_v so_o that_o it_o will_v conduce_v nothing_o to_o king_n james_n affair_n if_o all_o the_o gentry_n and_o lawyer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o refuse_v this_o oath_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v they_o be_v also_o oblige_v to_o take_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o also_o that_o great_a law_n of_o prosecute_a the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n m._n well_o since_o i_o can_v expect_v so_o great_a firmness_n of_o mind_n and_o courage_n from_o your_o country_n gentleman_n and_o especial_o the_o lawyer_n who_o have_v be_v always_o but_o too_o forward_o to_o comply_v with_o all_o government_n how_o unlawful_a soever_o and_o since_o you_o who_o think_v that_o you_o may_v lawful_o take_v this_o oath_n not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o you_o have_v interpret_v to_o countenance_v your_o opinion_n but_o also_o from_o a_o high_a and_o noble_a law_n viz._n that_o of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n or_o civil_a society_n which_o i_o grant_v must_v be_v maintain_v during_o the_o king_n absence_n since_o you_o say_v there_o be_v a_o necessity_n for_o it_o though_o i_o be_o not_o full_o satisfy_v of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o so_o far_o as_o to_o take_v it_o myself_o yet_o will_v i_o not_o absolute_o condemn_v you_o or_o any_o other_o sincere_o and_o honest_a man_n who_o do_v only_o take_v it_o out_o of_o a_o good_a intent_n to_o maintain_v some_o civil_a government_n among_o we_o and_o also_o to_o keep_v out_o the_o fanatic_n from_o have_v any_o share_n in_o it_o so_o i_o hope_v the_o government_n will_v excuse_v i_o if_o my_o conscience_n will_v not_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o take_v it_o myself_o since_o there_o be_v enough_o of_o you_o who_o be_v free_a to_o do_v it_o without_o we_o so_o that_o if_o i_o can_v keep_v that_o small_a employment_n i_o have_v without_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n i_o will_v free_o give_v it_o up_o since_o as_o long_o as_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v in_o my_o conscience_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n as_o the_o apostle_n have_v true_o define_v it_o f._n i_o confess_v you_o speak_v very_o honest_o and_o charitable_o in_o this_o matter_n and_o i_o can_v wish_v all_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n have_v the_o like_a moderation_n and_o that_o they_o will_v not_o condemn_v of_o wilful_a perjury_n so_o many_o good_a bishop_n nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o other_o both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o have_v be_v persuade_v that_o they_o may_v take_v this_o oath_n with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n and_o therefore_o pray_v however_o we_o differ_v in_o opinion_n about_o these_o matter_n let_v we_o maintain_v the_o same_o friendship_n for_o each_o other_o as_o we_o have_v before_o m._n sir_n i_o ready_o embrace_v so_o fair_a and_o kind_a a_o offer_n and_o as_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v do_v i_o what_o kind_a office_n you_o can_v whilst_o you_o continue_v to_o act_v under_o this_o government_n so_o i_o will_v promise_v to_o do_v the_o same_o for_o you_o when_o ever_o the_o king_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o throne_n again_o f._n i_o willing_o and_o thankful_o accept_v the_o proposal_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o your_o friendship_n since_o i_o look_v upon_o your_o dissent_v from_o i_o not_o to_o proceed_v from_o any_o wilfulness_n or_o obstinacy_n but_o out_o of_o a_o tender_a conscience_n and_o too_o great_a and_o high_a a_o sense_n of_o your_o duty_n which_o i_o must_v still_o confess_v be_v error_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o therefore_o now_o take_v my_o leave_n of_o you_o shall_v only_o desire_v you_o to_o believe_v i_o your_o real_a friend_n and_o humble_a servant_n m._n i_o hope_v you_o think_v i_o have_v the_o same_o esteem_n for_o you_o and_o therefore_o must_v always_o own_v myself_o you_o finis_fw-la a_o general_n alphabetical_a index_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o question_n debate_v in_o the_o thirteen_o dialogue_n of_o bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o many_o be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o five_o six_z seven_o eight_o nine_o ten_o eleven_o twelfth_n and_o thirteen_o dialogue_n 1694._o a_o general_n alphabetical_a index_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o question_n debate_v in_o the_o thirteen_o dialogue_n of_o bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o these_o dialogue_n be_v write_v discursive_o and_o not_o determinative_o this_o w._n signify_v the_o question_n by_o the_o word_n whether_o note_v d._n signify_v dialogue_n p._n page_n a_o abel_n w._n subject_a to_o his_o brother_n cain_n by_o divine_a institution_n d._n 2._o p._n 67._o to_o 70._o abesses_fw-la often_o present_a in_o saxon_n and_o french_a great_a council_n d._n 6._o p._n 393._o abbot_n w._n all_o that_o be_v ancient_o summon_v to_o parliament_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la d._n 8._o p._n 556._o and_o how_o many_o come_v to_o be_v by_o degree_n omit_v ibid._n abbot_n and_o abbess_n sometime_o grant_v aid_n by_o themselves_o d._n 7._o p._n 447._o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n w._n a_o king_n can_v do_v it_o any_o other_o way_n than_o by_o some_o express_a act_n d._n 11._o p._n 813_o 815_o 832_o to_o the_o end_n abuse_n of_o governor_n their_o several_a kind_n d._n 3._o p._n 161._o to_o 164._o king_n act_n illegal_a w._n also_o inauthoritative_a d._n 9_o p._n 644._o to_o 649._o act_n of_o parliament_n w._n they_o to_o hold_v good_a though_o not_o call_v by_o the_o king_n d_o 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 896._o adam_n w._n he_o have_v confer_v on_o he_o by_o god_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o whole_a eaath_v and_o of_o all_o creature_n therein_o d._n 1._o p._n 37._o to_o 39_o w._n by_o be_v a_o husband_n and_o father_n he_o be_v also_o absolute_a lord_n over_o eve_n and_o all_o her_o posterity_n ib._n p._n 12._o to_o 25._o adel_n and_o adelman_n their_o signification_n among_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n d._n 6._o p._n 374._o alderman_n its_o signification_n among_o the_o same_o ib._n p._n 375._o alderman_n of_o country_n who_o d._n 5._o p._n 370._o king_n alfred_n his_o testament_n d._n 10._o p._n 721._o st._n alban_n burrough_n petition_v to_o king_n edw._n the_o second_o d._n 8._o p._n 576_o to_o 578._o allegiance_n w._n due_a by_o law_n to_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la d._n 13._o p._n 905._o to_o the_o end_n the_o word_n alij_fw-la in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n w._n it_o signify_v only_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la d._n 7._o p._n 491_o 493_o 518._o 523._o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n have_v be_v sometime_o elect_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 8._o p._n 570_o 571._o stand_v army_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n against_o law_n d._n 9_o p._n 638_o 639._o great_a assembly_n at_o runne-mead_n w._n it_o be_v a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n p._n 453_o 454._o attainder_n of_o treason_n against_o king_n de_fw-la facto_fw-la have_v always_o hold_v good_a till_o repeal_v d._n 13._o p._n 910._o authority_n of_o parliament_n the_o phrase_n how_o ancient_a in_o our_o statute-book_n d._n 5_o p._n 334._o to_o 340._o b_o babel_n when_o built_n d._n 2._o p._n 76_o 77._o banneret_n its_o ancient_a signification_n d._n 7._o p._n 540._o baro._n the_o title_n w._n it_o ancient_o signify_v no_o other_o person_n than_o a_o baron_n of_o parliament_n d._n p._n 402._o to_o 407._o barones_n angliae_fw-la w._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o ib._n p._n 394_o p._n 406._o to_o 411._o barones_n comitatus_fw-la who_o they_o be_v ancient_o d._n 10._o p._n 743_o 744._o barnstaple_n burrough_n its_o â—lea_n to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o grant_n from_o king_n athelstan_n d._n 8._o p._n 605._o bishop_n w._n they_o derive_v their_o right_n of_o sit_v in_o parliament_n from_o the_o saxon_a king_n d._n 5._o p._n 366._o to_o 368._o they_o sometime_o grant_v aid_n by_o themselves_o d._n 7._o p._n 447._o seven_o bishop_n w._n their_o petition_n to_o king_n james_n against_o his_o declaration_n and_o his_o commitment_n of_o they_o be_v justifiable_a by_o our_o law_n d._n 12._o p._n 823._o to_o 830._o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n ancient_o confer_v by_o the_o king_n per_fw-la annulum_fw-la &_o baculum_fw-la d._n 5._o p._n 36._o 38._o elder_a brother_n w._n lord_n of_o all_o brethren_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n d._n 2._o p._n 65._o to_o 89._o bracton_n that_o passage_n in_o his_o book_n interpret_v viz._n rex_fw-la habet_fw-la superiorem_fw-la deum_fw-la &_o legem_fw-la d._n 10_o p._n 701._o burrough_n w._n any_o of_o they_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n d._n 6._o p._n 382_o 383._o d._n