the_o condition_n use_n and_o office_n of_o the_o bread_n be_v whole_o change_v that_o be_v of_o common_a and_o ordinary_a it_o become_v our_o mystical_a and_o sacramental_a food_n whereby_o as_o they_o affirm_v and_o believe_v the_o true_a body_n of_o christ_n be_v not_o only_o shadow_v and_o figure_v but_o also_o give_v indeed_o and_o by_o worthy_a communicant_n true_o receive_v yet_o they_o believe_v not_o that_o the_o bread_n lose_v its_o own_o to_o become_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o the_o ancient_a interpreter_n thereof_o for_o many_o age_n never_o teach_v such_o a_o essential_a change_n and_o conversion_n as_o that_o the_o very_a substance_n the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o the_o bread_n shall_v be_v whole_o take_v away_o but_o only_o a_o mysterious_a and_o sacramental_a one_o whereby_o our_o ordinary_n be_v change_v into_o mystic_a bread_n and_o thereby_o design_v and_o appoint_v to_o another_o use_n end_n and_o office_n than_o before_o this_o change_n whereby_o supernatural_a effect_n be_v wrought_v by_o thing_n natural_a while_o their_o essence_n be_v preserve_v entire_a do_v best_a agree_v with_o the_o grace_n and_o power_n of_o god_n 2._o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o we_o shall_v dispute_v concern_v god_n omnipotency_n whether_o it_o can_v do_v this_o or_o that_o presume_v to_o measure_v a_o infinite_a power_n by_o our_o poor_a ability_n which_o be_v but_o weakness_n we_o may_v grant_v that_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v beyond_o what_o we_o can_v think_v or_o apprehend_v and_o resolve_v his_o most_o wonderful_a act_n into_o his_o absolute_a will_n and_o power_n but_o we_o may_v not_o charge_v he_o with_o work_a contradiction_n and_o though_o god_n almightiness_n be_v able_a in_o this_o mystery_n to_o destroy_v the_o substance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n and_o essential_o to_o change_v it_o into_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n while_o the_o accident_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n subsist_v of_o themselves_o without_o a_o subject_n yet_o we_o desire_v to_o have_v it_o prove_v that_o god_n will_v have_v it_o so_o and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o indeed_o for_o that_o god_n do_v it_o because_o he_o can_v be_v no_o argument_n and_o that_o he_o will_v it_o we_o have_v no_o other_o proof_n but_o the_o confident_a assertion_n of_o our_o adversary_n tertullian_n against_o praxias_n declare_v that_o we_o shall_v not_o conclude_v god_n do_v thing_n because_o he_o be_v able_a but_o that_o we_o shall_v inquire_v what_o he_o have_v do_v for_o god_n will_v never_o own_o that_o praise_n of_o his_o omnipotency_n whereby_o his_o unchangeableness_n and_o his_o truth_n be_v impair_v and_o those_o thing_n overthrow_v and_o destroy_v which_o in_o his_o word_n he_o affirm_v to_o be_v for_o take_v away_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n and_o there_o remain_v no_o sacrament_n 3._o they_o that_o say_v that_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o the_o bread_n be_v whole_o abolish_v yet_o will_v have_v the_o accident_n to_o remain_v but_o if_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o bread_n be_v change_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o christ_n body_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o word_n what_o hinder_v that_o the_o accident_n of_o the_o bread_n be_v not_o also_o change_v into_o the_o accident_n of_o christ_n body_n they_o that_o urge_v the_o express_a letter_n shall_v show_v that_o christ_n say_v this_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o my_o body_n without_o its_o accident_n but_o he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o he_o give_v his_o disciple_n a_o fantastic_a body_n such_o a_o visionary_a figment_n as_o martion_n believe_v but_o that_o very_a body_n which_o be_v give_v for_o we_o without_o be_v deprive_v of_o that_o extension_n and_o other_o accident_n of_o humane_a body_n without_o which_o it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v crucify_v since_o the_o maintainer_n of_o transubstantiation_n grant_v that_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n keep_v its_o quantity_n in_o heaven_n and_o say_v it_o be_v without_o the_o same_o in_o the_o sacrament_n they_o must_v either_o acknowledge_v their_o contradiction_n in_o the_o matter_n or_o give_v over_o their_o opinion_n 4._o protestant_n dare_v not_o be_v so_o curious_a or_o presume_v to_o know_v more_o than_o be_v deliver_v by_o scripture_n and_o antiquity_n they_o firm_o believe_v the_o word_n of_o christ_n make_v the_o form_n of_o this_o sacrament_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o union_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v with_o the_o sign_n that_o be_v the_o exhibition_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n with_o the_o consecrate_a bread_n still_o remain_v bread_n by_o divine_a appointment_n these_o two_o be_v make_v one_o and_o though_o this_o union_n be_v not_o natural_a substantial_a personal_a or_o local_a by_o their_o be_v one_o within_o another_o yet_o it_o be_v so_o straight_o and_o so_o true_a that_o in_o eat_v the_o bless_a bread_n the_o true_a body_n of_o christ_n be_v give_v to_o we_o and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o sign_n and_o thing_n signify_v be_v reciprocal_o change_v what_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o body_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o bread_n and_o what_o belong_v only_o to_o the_o bread_n be_v affirm_v of_o the_o body_n and_o both_o be_v unite_v in_o time_n though_o not_o in_o place_n for_o the_o presence_n of_o christ_n in_o this_o mystery_n be_v not_o oppose_v to_o distance_n but_o to_o absence_n which_o only_o can_v deprive_v we_o of_o the_o benefit_n and_o fruition_n of_o the_o object_n 5._o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o this_o whole_a controversy_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o four_o head_n 1._o concern_v the_o sign_n 2._o concern_v the_o thing_n signify_v 3._o concern_v the_o union_n of_o both_o and_o 4._o concern_v their_o participation_n as_o for_o the_o first_o the_o protestant_n differ_v from_o the_o papist_n in_o this_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o sacrament_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o holy_a scripture_n we_o make_v the_o substance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n and_o they_o accident_n only_o to_o be_v sign_n in_o the_o second_o they_o not_o understand_v our_o opinion_n do_v misrepresent_v it_o for_o we_o do_v not_o hold_v as_o they_o say_v we_o do_v that_o only_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o death_n of_o christ_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o bless_a element_n but_o also_o that_o his_o very_a body_n which_o be_v crucify_v and_o his_o blood_n which_o be_v shed_v for_o we_o be_v true_o signify_v and_o offer_v that_o our_o soul_n may_v receive_v and_o possess_v christ_n as_o true_o and_o certain_o as_o the_o material_a and_o visible_a sign_n be_v by_o we_o see_v and_o receive_v and_o so_o in_o the_o three_o place_n because_o the_o thing_n signify_v be_v offer_v and_o give_v to_o we_o as_o true_o as_o the_o sign_n itself_o in_o this_o respect_n we_o own_o the_o union_n betwixt_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o element_n who_o use_n and_o office_n we_o hold_v to_o be_v change_v from_o what_o it_o be_v before_o but_o we_o deny_v what_o the_o papist_n affirm_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v quite_o abolish_v and_o change_v into_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o bare_a accident_n of_o the_o element_n do_v alone_o remain_v unite_v with_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n and_o we_o also_o deny_v that_o the_o element_n still_o retain_v the_o nature_n of_o sacrament_n when_o not_o use_v according_a to_o divine_a institution_n that_o be_v give_v by_o christ_n minister_n and_o receive_v by_o his_o people_n so_o that_o christ_n in_o the_o consecrate_a bread_n ought_v not_o can_v be_v keep_v and_o preserve_v to_o be_v carry_v about_o because_o he_o be_v present_a only_a to_o the_o communicant_n as_o for_o the_o four_o and_o last_o point_n we_o do_v not_o say_v that_o in_o the_o lord_n supper_n we_o receive_v only_o the_o benefit_n of_o christ_n death_n and_o passion_n but_o we_o join_v the_o ground_n with_o its_o fruit_n that_o be_v christ_n with_o those_o advantage_n we_o receive_v from_o he_o affirm_v with_o st._n paul_n that_o the_o bread_n which_o we_o break_v 16._o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o communion_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o cup_n which_o we_o bless_v the_o communion_n of_o his_o blood_n of_o that_o very_a substance_n which_o he_o take_v of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n and_o afterward_o carry_v into_o heaven_n differ_v from_o those_o of_o rome_n only_o in_o this_o that_o they_o will_v have_v our_o union_n with_o christ_n to_o be_v corporal_a and_o our_o eat_n of_o he_o likewise_o and_o we_o on_o the_o contrary_n maintain_v it_o to_o be_v indeed_o as_o true_a but_o not_o carnal_a or_o natural_a and_o as_o he_o that_o receive_v unworthy_o that_o be_v with_o the_o mouth_n only_o but_o not_o with_o a_o faithful_a heart_n eat_v and_o drink_v his_o own_o damnation_n so_o he_o that_o do_v it_o
be_v natural_a to_o corporal_a thing_n or_o that_o wherein_o his_o own_o body_n subsist_v in_o heaven_n but_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o existence_n proper_a to_o spirit_n whole_a and_o entire_a in_o each_o part_n of_o the_o host_n and_o though_o by_o himself_o he_o be_v neither_o see_v touch_v nor_o move_v yet_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o species_n or_o accident_n join_v with_o he_o he_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v see_v touch_v and_o move_v and_o so_o the_o accident_n be_v move_v the_o body_n of_o 1._o christ_n be_v true_o move_v accidental_o as_o the_o soul_n true_o change_v place_n with_o the_o body_n so_o that_o we_o true_o and_o proper_o say_v that_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v remove_v lift_v up_o and_o set_v down_o put_v on_o the_o patent_n or_o on_o the_o altar_n and_o carry_v from_o hand_n to_o mouth_n and_o from_o the_o mouth_n to_o the_o stomach_n as_o berengarius_fw-la be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v in_o reg._n the_o roman_a council_n under_o pope_n nicholas_n that_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v sensual_o touch_v by_o the_o hand_n and_o break_a and_o chew_v by_o the_o tooth_n of_o the_o priest_n but_o all_o this_o and_o much_o more_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v never_o deliver_v to_o we_o either_o by_o holy_a scripture_n or_o the_o ancient_a father_n and_o if_o soul_n or_o spirit_n can_v be_v present_a as_o here_o bellarmine_n teach_v yet_o it_o will_v be_v absurd_a to_o say_v that_o body_n can_v be_v so_o likewise_o it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o their_o nature_n 2._o indeed_o bellarmine_n confess_v with_o st._n bernard_n that_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n be_v martin_n not_o give_v to_o we_o carnal_o but_o spiritual_o and_o will_v to_o god_n he_o have_v rest_v here_o and_o not_o outgo_v the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o father_n for_o endeavour_v with_o pope_n innocent_a iii_o and_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n to_o determine_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o presence_n and_o manducation_n of_o christ_n body_n with_o more_o nicety_n than_o be_v fit_v he_o thereby_o foolish_o overthrow_v all_o that_o he_o have_v wise_o say_v before_o deny_v what_o he_o have_v affirm_v and_o oppose_v his_o own_o opinion_n his_o fear_n be_v lest_o his_o adversary_n shall_v apply_v that_o word_n spiritual_o not_o so_o much_o to_o express_v the_o manner_n of_o presence_n as_o to_o exclude_v the_o very_a substance_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n therefore_o say_v he_o upon_o that_o account_n it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o use_v too_o mucâ—_n that_o of_o st._n bernard_n the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v not_o corporal_o in_o the_o sacrament_n without_o add_v present_o the_o abovementioned_a explanation_n how_o much_o do_v we_o comply_v with_o humane_a pride_n and_o curiosity_n which_o will_v seem_v to_o understand_v all_o thing_n where_o be_v the_o danger_n and_o what_o do_v he_o fear_v as_o long_o as_o all_o they_o that_o believe_v the_o gospel_n own_o the_o true_a nature_n &_o the_o real_a and_o substantial_a presence_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n use_v that_o explication_n of_o st._n bernard_n concern_v the_o manner_n which_o he_o himself_o for_o the_o too_o great_a evidence_n of_o truth_n dare_v not_o but_o admit_v and_o why_o do_v he_o own_o that_o the_o manner_n be_v spiritual_a not_o carnal_a and_o then_o require_v a_o carnal_a presence_n as_o to_o the_o manner_n itself_o as_o for_o we_o we_o all_o open_o profess_v with_o st._n bernard_n that_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n be_v spiritual_a and_o therefore_o true_a and_o real_a and_o with_o the_o same_o bernard_n and_o all_o the_o ancient_n we_o deny_v that_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v carnal_o either_o present_a or_o give_v the_o thing_n we_o willing_o admit_v but_o humble_o and_o religious_o forbear_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o manner_n 3._o we_o believe_v a_o presence_n and_o union_n of_o christ_n with_o our_o soul_n and_o body_n which_o we_o know_v not_o how_o to_o call_v better_a than_o sacramental_a that_o be_v effect_v by_o eat_v that_o while_o we_o eat_v and_o drink_v the_o consecrate_a bread_n and_o wine_n we_o eat_v and_o drink_v therewithal_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n not_o in_o a_o corporal_a manner_n but_o some_o other_o way_n incomprehensible_a know_v only_o to_o god_n which_o we_o call_v spiritual_a for_o if_o with_o st._n bernard_n and_o the_o father_n a_o man_n go_v no_o further_o we_o do_v not_o find_v fault_n with_o a_o general_a explication_n of_o the_o manner_n but_o with_o the_o presumption_n and_o self-conceitedness_n of_o those_o who_o bold_o and_o curious_o inquire_v what_o be_v a_o spiritual_a presence_n as_o presume_v that_o they_o can_v understand_v the_o manner_n of_o act_v of_o god_n holy_a spirit_n we_o contrariwise_o confess_v with_o the_o father_n that_o this_o manner_n of_o presence_n be_v unaccountable_a and_o past_o find_v out_o not_o to_o be_v search_v and_o pry_v into_o by_o reason_n but_o believe_v by_o faith_n and_o if_o it_o seem_v impossible_a that_o the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n shall_v descend_v and_o come_v to_o be_v our_o food_n through_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n we_o must_v remember_v how_o much_o the_o power_n of_o the_o holy_a spirit_n exceed_v our_o sense_n and_o our_o apprehension_n and_o how_o absurd_a it_o will_v be_v to_o undertake_v to_o measure_v his_o immensity_n by_o our_o weakness_n and_o narrow_a capacity_n and_o so_o make_v our_o faith_n to_o conceive_v and_o believe_v what_o our_o reason_n can_v comprehend_v 4._o yet_o our_o faith_n do_v not_o cause_n or_o make_v that_o presence_n but_o apprehend_v it_o as_o most_o true_o and_o real_o effect_v by_o the_o word_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o faith_n whereby_o we_o be_v say_v to_o eat_v the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n be_v not_o that_o only_o whereby_o we_o believe_v that_o he_o die_v for_o our_o sin_n for_o this_o faith_n be_v require_v and_o suppose_v to_o precede_v the_o sacramental_a manducation_n but_o more_o proper_o that_o whereby_o we_o believe_v those_o word_n of_o christ_n this_o be_v my_o body_n which_o be_v st._n augustine_n 25._o meaning_n when_o he_o say_v why_o do_v thou_o prepare_v thy_o stomach_n and_o thy_o tooth_n believe_v and_o thou_o have_v eat_v for_o in_o this_o mystical_a eat_n by_o the_o wonderful_a power_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n we_o do_v invisible_o receive_v the_o substance_n of_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n as_o much_o as_o if_o we_o shall_v eat_v and_o drink_n both_o visible_o 5._o the_o result_n of_o all_o this_o be_v that_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v sacramental_o unite_v to_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n so_o that_o christ_n be_v true_o give_v to_o the_o faithful_a and_o yet_o be_v not_o to_o be_v here_o consider_v with_o sense_n or_o worldly_a reason_n but_o by_o faith_n rest_v on_o the_o word_n of_o the_o gospel_n now_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v join_v to_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n because_o that_o in_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n the_o flesh_n be_v give_v together_o with_o the_o bread_n and_o the_o blood_n together_o with_o the_o wine_n all_o that_o remain_v be_v that_o we_o shall_v with_o faith_n and_o humility_n admire_v this_o high_a and_o sacred_a mystery_n which_o our_o tongue_n can_v sufficient_o explain_v nor_o our_o heart_n conceive_v chap._n iu._n 1._o of_o the_o change_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n into_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n which_o the_o papist_n call_v transubstantiation_n 2._o of_o god_n omnipotency_n 3._o of_o the_o accident_n of_o the_o bread_n 4._o the_o sacramental_a union_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v with_o the_o sign_n 5_o and_o 6._o the_o question_n be_v state_v negative_o and_o affirmative_o 7._o the_o definition_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n the_o bull_n of_o pope_n pius_n iu._n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o oath_n by_o he_o appoint_v the_o decretal_a of_o innocent_a iii_o the_o assertion_n of_o the_o jesuit_n 8._o transubstantiation_n a_o very_a monstrous_a thing_n 1._o it_o be_v a_o article_n of_o faith_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n that_o in_o the_o bless_a eucharist_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v reduce_v to_o nothing_o and_o that_o in_o its_o place_n succeed_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v more_o at_o large_a §_o 6_o and_o 7._o the_o protestant_n be_v much_o of_o another_o mind_n and_o yet_o none_o of_o they_o deny_v altogether_o but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o conversion_n of_o the_o bread_n into_o the_o body_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o wine_n into_o the_o blood_n of_o christ_n for_o they_o know_v and_o acknowledge_v that_o in_o the_o sacrament_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n and_o blessing_n of_o christ_n
sacramental_a figure_n no_o more_o can_v the_o bread_n be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n but_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n 5._o as_o to_o what_o bellarmine_n and_o other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a the_o word_n of_o christ_n can_v be_v true_a but_o by_o that_o conversion_n which_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n call_v transubstantiation_n that_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v admit_v it_o will_v first_o deny_v the_o divine_a omnipotency_n as_o though_o god_n be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n present_a and_o true_o to_o give_v it_o in_o the_o sacrament_n whilst_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o bread_n remain_v 2._o it_o will_v be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o divine_a benediction_n which_o preserve_v thing_n in_o their_o proper_a be_v 3._o it_o will_v be_v contrary_a to_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o a_o sacrament_n which_o always_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n and_o last_o it_o will_v in_o some_o manner_n destroy_v the_o true_a substance_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n which_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v of_o bread_n and_o wine_n by_o a_o priest_n without_o a_o most_o high_a presumption_n but_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o word_n of_o christ_n remain_v constant_a and_o can_v be_v defend_v without_o overthrow_v so_o many_o other_o great_a truth_n suppose_v a_o testator_n put_v deed_n and_o title_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o heir_n with_o these_o word_n take_v the_o house_n which_o i_o bequeath_v thou_o there_o be_v no_o man_n will_v think_v that_o those_o write_n and_o parchment_n be_v that_o very_a house_n which_o be_v make_v of_o wood_n or_o stone_n and_o yet_o no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o the_o testator_n speak_v false_o or_o obscure_o likewise_o our_o bless_a saviour_n have_v sanctify_v the_o element_n by_o his_o word_n and_o prayer_n give_v they_o to_o his_o disciple_n as_o seal_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n whereby_o they_o be_v as_o certain_o secure_v of_o those_o rich_a and_o precious_a legacy_n which_o he_o leave_v to_o they_o as_o child_n be_v of_o their_o father_n land_n and_o inheritance_n by_o deed_n and_o instrument_n sign_v and_o deliver_v for_o that_o purpose_n 6._o to_o the_o sacred_a record_n we_o may_v add_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n for_o those_o orthodox_n and_o holy_a doctor_n of_o our_o holy_a religion_n those_o great_a light_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n do_v all_o clear_o constant_o and_o unanimous_o conspire_v in_o this_o that_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n be_v only_o mystic_a and_o spiritual_a as_o for_o the_o entire_a annihilation_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o the_o wine_n or_o that_o new_a and_o strange_a tenet_n of_o transubstantiation_n they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o hear_v or_o speak_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o nay_o the_o constant_a stream_n of_o their_o doctrine_n do_v clear_o run_v against_o it_o how_o great_a soever_o be_v the_o brag_n and_o pretence_n of_o the_o papist_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o if_o you_o will_v hear_v they_o one_o by_o one_o i_o shall_v bring_v some_o of_o their_o most_o note_a passage_n only_o that_o our_o labour_n may_v not_o be_v endless_a by_o rehearse_v all_o that_o they_o have_v say_v to_o our_o purpose_n on_o this_o subject_n 7._o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o that_o holy_a and_o ancient_a doctor_n justin_n martyr_n who_o be_v one_o 144._o of_o the_o first_o after_o the_o apostle_n time_n who_o undoubted_a write_n be_v come_v to_o we_o what_o be_v believe_v at_o rome_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o his_o time_n concern_v this_o holy_a mystery_n may_v well_o be_v understand_v out_o of_o these_o his_o word_n after_o that_o the_o bishop_n have_v pray_v and_o bless_v and_o the_o people_n say_v amen_o those_o who_o we_o call_v deacon_n or_o minister_n give_v to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o that_o be_v present_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o 〈…〉_z bread_n and_o wine_n and_o that_o food_n we_o call_v the_o eucharist_n for_o we_o do_v not_o receive_v it_o as_o ordinary_a bread_n and_o wine_n they_o receive_v it_o as_o bread_n yet_o not_o as_o common_a bread_n and_o a_o little_a after_o by_o this_o food_n digest_v our_o flesh_n and_o blood_n be_v feed_v and_o we_o be_v teach_v that_o it_o be_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o jesus_n christ_n therefore_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o bread_n remain_v and_o remain_v corruptible_a food_n even_o after_o the_o consecration_n which_o can_v in_o no_o wise_n be_v say_v of_o the_o immortal_a body_n of_o christ_n for_o the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n be_v not_o turn_v into_o our_o flesh_n neither_o do_v it_o nourish_v it_o as_o do_v that_o food_n which_o be_v sacramental_o call_v the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n but_o the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n feed_v our_o soul_n unto_o eternal_a life_n 8._o after_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v write_v by_o that_o holy_a martyr_n irenaeus_n bishop_n much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o bread_n 160._o which_o be_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v no_o more_o common_a bread_n after_o the_o invocation_n of_o god_n upon_o it_o but_o be_v become_v the_o eucharist_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n 34._o the_o one_o earthly_a and_o the_o other_o heavenly_a there_o will_v be_v nothing_o earthly_a if_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o bread_n be_v remove_v again_o as_o the_o grain_n of_o wheat_n fall_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o die_v rise_v again_o much_o increase_v and_o then_o receive_v the_o word_n of_o god_n become_v the_o 12._o eucharist_n which_o be_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n so_o likewise_o our_o body_n nourish_v by_o it_o lay_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o dissolve_v shall_v rise_v again_o in_o their_o time_n again_o we_o be_v feed_v by_o the_o creature_n ibid._n but_o it_o be_v he_o himself_o that_o give_v it_o he_o have_v ordain_v and_o appoint_v that_o cup_n which_o be_v a_o creature_n and_o his_o blood_n also_o and_o that_o bread_n which_o be_v a_o creature_n and_o also_o his_o body_n and_o so_o when_o the_o bread_n and_o the_o cup_n be_v bless_v by_o god_n word_n they_o become_v the_o eucharist_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n and_o from_o they_o our_o body_n receive_v nourishment_n and_o increase_n now_o that_o our_o flesh_n be_v feed_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o natural_a body_n of_o christ_n can_v be_v say_v without_o great_a impiety_n by_o themselves_o that_o hold_v transubstantiation_n for_o natural_o nothing_o nourish_v our_o body_n but_o what_o be_v make_v flesh_n and_o blood_n by_o the_o last_o digestion_n which_o it_o will_v be_v blasphemous_a to_o say_v of_o the_o incorruptible_a body_n of_o christ_n yet_o the_o sacred_a element_n which_o in_o some_o manner_n be_v and_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n yield_v nourishment_n and_o increase_n to_o our_o body_n by_o their_o earthly_a nature_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o by_o virtue_n also_o of_o the_o heavenly_a and_o spiritual_a food_n which_o the_o faithful_a receive_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o material_a our_o body_n be_v fit_v for_o a_o bless_a resurrection_n to_o immortal_a glory_n 9_o tertullian_n who_o flourish_v about_o the_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n when_o 200._o as_o yet_o he_o be_v catholic_n and_o act_v by_o a_o pious_a zeal_n write_v against_o martion_n the_o heretic_n who_o among_o his_o other_o impious_a opinion_n teach_v that_o christ_n have_v not_o take_v of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n the_o very_a nature_n and_o substance_n of_o a_o humane_a body_n but_o only_o the_o outward_a form_n and_o appearance_n out_o of_o which_o fountain_n the_o romish_a transubstantiator_n seem_v to_o have_v draw_v their_o doctrine_n of_o accident_n abstract_v from_o their_o subject_n hang_v in_o the_o air_n that_o be_v subsist_v on_o nothing_o tertullian_n dispute_v against_o this_o wicked_a heresy_n draw_v a_o argument_n 40._o from_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o eucharist_n to_o prove_v that_o christ_n have_v not_o a_o fantastic_a and_o imaginary_a but_o a_o true_a and_o natural_a body_n thus_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n prove_v it_o to_o be_v natural_a for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o figure_n of_o a_o ghost_n or_o a_o phantasm_n but_o say_v he_o christ_n have_v take_v the_o bread_n and_o give_v it_o to_o his_o disciple_n make_v it_o his_o body_n by_o say_v this_o be_v my_o body_n that_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o my_o body_n now_o it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v a_o figure_n except_o the_o body_n be_v real_a for_o a_o mere_a appearance_n a_o imaginary_a phantasm_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o figure_n each_o part_n of_o this_o argument_n be_v true_a and_o contain_v a_o necessary_a conclusion_n for_o 1._o the_o bread_n must_v remain_v bread_n otherwise_o martion_n will_v have_v return_v the_o argument_n against_o tertullian_n say_v as_o the_o
mortal_a to_o save_v we_o mortal_n so_o he_o may_v by_o a_o thing_n visible_a fit_o represent_v to_o we_o a_o thing_n invisible_a some_o receive_v the_o sacred_a sign_n at_o the_o lord_n table_n to_o their_o salvation_n and_o some_o to_o their_o ruin_n but_o the_o thing_n signify_v be_v life_n to_o every_o man_n and_o death_n to_o none_o whoever_o receive_v it_o be_v unite_v as_o a_o member_n to_o christ_n the_o head_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n for_o the_o sacrament_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o efficacy_n of_o it_o another_o for_o the_o sacrament_n be_v receive_v with_o the_o mouth_n but_o the_o grace_n thereof_o feed_v the_o inward_a man_n and_o as_o the_o first_o be_v turn_v into_o our_o substance_n when_o we_o eat_v it_o and_o drink_v it_o so_o be_v we_o make_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n when_o we_o live_v pious_o and_o obedient_o therefore_o the_o faithful_a do_v well_o and_o true_o receive_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n if_o they_o neglect_v not_o to_o be_v his_o member_n and_o they_o be_v make_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n if_o they_o will_v live_v of_o his_o spirit_n all_o these_o agree_v not_o in_o the_o least_o with_o the_o new_a doctrine_n of_o rome_n and_o as_o little_a with_o that_o opinion_n they_o attribute_v to_o paschasius_fw-la and_o therefore_o he_o be_v reject_v as_o erroneous_a by_o some_o romish_a author_n who_o 1400._o write_v four_o and_o six_o hundred_o year_n after_o he_o but_o they_o shall_v have_v consider_v that_o they_o condemn_v not_o only_a rabanus_n but_o together_o with_o he_o all_o the_o doctor_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n 32._o johannes_n erigena_n our_o countryman_n 860._o who_o king_n alfred_n take_v to_o be_v his_o and_o his_o child_n tutor_n and_o to_o credit_v the_o new_a found_v university_n of_o oxford_n while_o he_o live_v in_o france_n where_o he_o be_v in_o great_a esteem_n with_o charles_n the_o bald_a write_v transubstantiation_n a_o book_n concern_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n as_o rabanus_n and_o back_v it_o with_o clear_a testimony_n of_o scripture_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a father_n but_o enter_v himself_o into_o the_o monastery_n of_o malmsbury_n as_o he_o be_v interpret_n the_o book_n of_o dyonisius_n about_o the_o heavenly_a hierarchy_n which_o he_o translate_v into_o latin_a and_o withal_o censure_v the_o newly-hatcht_a doctrine_n of_o the_o carnal_a presence_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o eucharist_n he_o be_v stab_v aln_v with_o pen_n knife_n by_o some_o unworthy_a scholar_n of_o he_o set_v on_o by_o certain_a monk_n though_o not_o long_o after_o he_o be_v by_o some_o â—â—_o other_o number_v among_o holy_a martyr_n 33._o walasridus_n strabo_n about_o the_o same_o time_n write_v on_o this_o manner_n therefore_o in_o that_o last_o supper_n whereat_o christ_n be_v with_o his_o disciple_n before_o he_o be_v betray_v after_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o ancient_a passeover_n he_o give_v to_o his_o disciple_n the_o sacrament_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n in_o the_o substance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n and_o instruct_v we_o to_o pass_v from_o carnal_a to_o spiritual_a thing_n from_o earthly_a to_o heavenly_a thing_n and_o from_o shadow_n to_o the_o substance_n 34._o as_o for_o the_o opinion_n of_o bertram_n otherwise_o call_v ratramnus_n or_o ratramus_fw-la perhaps_o 860._o not_o right_o it_o be_v know_v enough_o by_o that_o book_n which_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o bald_a who_o love_v and_o honour_v he_o as_o all_o good_a man_n do_v for_o his_o great_a learning_n and_o piety_n command_v he_o to_o write_v concern_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n for_o when_o man_n begin_v to_o be_v disturb_v at_o the_o book_n of_o paschasius_fw-la some_o say_v one_o thing_n and_o some_o another_o the_o emperor_n be_v move_v by_o their_o dispute_n propound_v himself_o two_o question_n to_o bertram_n 1._o whether_o what_o the_o faithful_a eat_v in_o the_o church_n be_v make_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n in_o figure_n and_o in_o mystery_n 2._o or_o whether_o that_o natural_a body_n which_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n which_o suffer_v die_v and_o be_v bury_v and_o now_o sit_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o god_n the_o father_n be_v itself_o daily_o receive_v by_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o faithful_a in_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o sacrament_n the_o first_o of_o these_o bertram_z resolve_v affirmative_o the_o second_o negative_o and_o say_v that_o there_o be_v as_o great_a a_o difference_n betwixt_o those_o two_o body_n as_o betwixt_o the_o earnest_n and_o that_o whereof_o it_o be_v the_o earnest_n it_o be_v evident_a say_v he_o that_o that_o bread_n 2._o and_o wine_n be_v figurative_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n according_a to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o element_n they_o be_v after_o the_o consecration_n what_o they_o be_v before_o for_o the_o bread_n be_v not_o christ_n substantial_o if_o this_o mystery_n be_v not_o do_v in_o a_o figure_n it_o can_v well_o be_v call_v a_o mystery_n the_o wine_n also_o which_o be_v make_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o christ_n by_o the_o consecration_n of_o the_o priest_n show_v one_o thing_n by_o its_o outward_a appearance_n and_o contain_v another_o inward_o for_o what_o be_v there_o visible_a in_o its_o outside_n but_o only_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o wine_n these_o thing_n be_v change_v but_o not_o according_a to_o the_o material_a part_n and_o by_o this_o change_n they_o be_v not_o what_o they_o true_o appear_v to_o be_v but_o be_v some_o thing_n else_o beside_o what_o be_v their_o proper_a be_v for_o they_o be_v make_v spiritual_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n not_o that_o the_o element_n be_v two_o different_a thing_n but_o in_o one_o respect_n they_o be_v as_o they_o appear_v bread_n and_o wine_n and_o in_o another_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n hence_o according_a to_o the_o visible_a creature_n they_o feed_v the_o body_n but_o according_a to_o the_o virtue_n of_o a_o more_o excellent_a substance_n they_o nourish_v and_o sanctify_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o faithful_a then_o have_v bring_v many_o testimony_n of_o holy_a scripture_n and_o the_o ancient_a father_n to_o confirm_v this_o he_o at_o last_o prevent_v that_o calumny_n which_o the_o follower_n of_o paschasius_fw-la do_v then_o lay_v on_o the_o orthodox_n as_o though_o they_o have_v teach_v that_o bare_a sign_n figure_n and_o shadow_n and_o not_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v give_v in_o the_o sacrament_n let_v it_o not_o be_v think_v say_v he_o because_o we_o say_v this_o that_o therefore_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o sacrament_n where_o faith_n apprehend_v what_o it_o believe_v and_o not_o what_o the_o eye_n see_v for_o this_o meat_n and_o drink_n be_v spiritual_a feed_v the_o soul_n spiritual_o and_o entertain_v that_o life_n who_o fullness_n be_v eternal_a for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o simple_o about_o the_o real_a truth_n or_o the_o thing_n signify_v be_v present_a without_o which_o it_o can_v not_o be_v a_o mystery_n but_o about_o the_o false_a reality_n of_o thing_n subsist_v in_o imaginary_a appearance_n and_o about_o the_o carnal_a presence_n 35._o all_o this_o the_o father_n of_o trent_n and_o b._n the_o romish_a inquisitor_n can_v not_o brook_v and_o therefore_o they_o utter_o condemn_v bertram_n and_o put_v his_o book_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o those_o that_o be_v forbid_v but_o the_o professor_n of_o douai_n judge_v this_o proceed_n much_o too_o violent_a and_o therefore_o more_o like_a to_o hurt_v than_o to_o advance_v the_o roman_a cause_n go_v another_o and_o more_o cunning_a way_n to_o work_v and_o have_v the_o approbation_n of_o the_o licencer_n of_o book_n and_o the_o author_n of_o the_o belgic_a index_n expurgatorius_fw-la bert._n that_o book_n of_o bertram_n say_v they_o have_v be_v already_o print_v several_a time_n read_v by_o many_o and_o know_v to_o all_o by_o its_o be_v forbid_v may_v be_v suffer_v and_o use_v after_o it_o be_v correct_v for_o bertram_n be_v a_o catholic_n priest_n and_o a_o monk_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o corbie_n esteem_v and_o belove_v by_o charles_n the_o bald._n and_o be_v we_o bear_v with_o many_o error_n in_o ancient_n catholic_n author_n and_o lessen_v and_o excuse_v they_o and_o by_o some_o cunning_a device_n behold_v the_o good_a man_n fidelity_n often_o deny_v they_o and_o give_v a_o more_o commodious_a sense_n when_o they_o be_v object_v to_o we_o in_o our_o dispute_n with_o our_o adversary_n we_o do_v not_o see_v why_o bertram_n shall_v not_o also_o be_v amend_v and_o use_v with_o the_o same_o equity_n lest_o heretic_n cast_v we_o in_o the_o tooth_n that_o we_o burn_v and_o suppress_v those_o record_n of_o antiquity_n that_o make_v for_o they_o and_o as_o we_o also_o fear_v
lest_o not_o only_o heretic_n but_o also_o stubborn_a catholic_n read_v the_o book_n with_o the_o more_o greediness_n and_o cite_v it_o with_o the_o more_o confidence_n because_o it_o be_v forbid_v and_o so_o it_o do_v more_o harm_n by_o be_v prohibit_v than_o if_o it_o be_v leave_v free_a what_o patch_n then_o will_v they_o sow_v to_o amend_v this_o in_o bertram_n those_o thing_n that_o differ_v be_v not_o the_o same_o that_o body_n of_o christ_n which_o die_v and_o rise_v again_o and_o be_v become_v immortal_a die_v no_o more_o be_v eternal_a and_o impassable_a but_o that_o which_o be_v celebrate_v in_o the_o church_n be_v temporal_a not_o eternal_a be_v corruptible_a and_o not_o incorruptible_a to_o this_o last_o mention_v passage_n they_o give_v a_o very_a commodious_a sense_n namely_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o corruptible_a species_n of_o the_o sacrament_n or_o of_o the_o sacrament_n itself_o and_o the_o use_n of_o it_o which_o will_v last_v no_o long_o than_o this_o world_n if_o this_o will_v not_o do_v it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o leave_v it_o all_o out_o to_o blot_v out_o visible_o and_o write_v invisible_o and_o this_o what_o the_o creature_n be_v in_o substance_n before_o the_o consecration_n they_o be_v still_o the_o same_o after_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o outward_a appearance_n that_o be_v the_o accident_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n though_o they_o confess_v that_o then_o bertram_n know_v nothing_o of_o those_o accident_n subsist_v without_o 〈◊〉_d substance_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o thiâ—_n latter_o age_n have_v add_v out_o of_o the_o scripture_n witâ—_n as_o great_a truth_n as_o subtlety_n how_o much_o easy_a have_v it_o be_v at_o one_o stroke_n to_o blot_v out_o the_o whole_a book_n and_o so_o make_v short_a work_n with_o it_o as_o the_o spanish_a inquisitor_n do_v iâ—_n their_o index_n expurgat_fw-la let_v the_o whole_a epistle_n fine_a say_v they_o of_o udalricus_n bishop_n of_o ausburg_n be_v blot_v out_o cencern_v the_o single_a life_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o let_v the_o whole_a book_n of_o bertram_n the_o priest_n about_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v suppress_v what_o be_v this_o but_z as_o arnobius_n say_v against_o the_o heathen_a to_o intercept_v public_a record_n and_o fear_v the_o testimoy_n 3_o of_o the_o truth_n for_o as_o for_o that_o which_o sixtus_n senensis_n and_o possevin_n affirm_v that_o sac._n that_o book_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v write_v by_o oecolampadius_n under_o the_o name_n of_o bertram_n it_o be_v so_o great_a a_o untruth_n that_o a_o great_a can_v be_v find_v 36._o we_o be_v now_o come_v to_o the_o ten_o century_n wherein_o beside_o those_o many_o sentence_n of_o catholic_n father_n against_o innovater_n in_o what_o concern_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n collect_v by_o herigerus_fw-la 9â—0_n abbas_n lobiensis_fw-la we_o have_v also_o a_o ancient_a easter_n homily_n in_o saxon_a english_a which_o bib._n then_o use_v to_o be_v read_v public_o in_o our_o church_n out_o of_o which_o we_o may_v gather_v what_o be_v then_o the_o doctrine_n receive_v among_o we_o touch_v this_o point_n of_o religion_n but_o chief_o out_o of_o that_o part_n wherein_o be_v show_v many_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o natural_a body_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o consecrate_a host_n for_o thus_o it_o teach_v the_o people_n there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o that_o body_n wherein_o christ_n suffer_v and_o that_o wherein_o the_o host_n be_v consecrate_v that_o body_n wherein_o christ_n suffer_v be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n consist_v of_o blood_n and_o bone_n skin_n and_o nerve_n humane_a member_n and_o a_o rational_a soul_n but_o his_o spiritual_a body_n which_o we_o call_v the_o host_n be_v make_v of_o many_o unite_a grain_n of_o corn_n and_o have_v neither_o blood_n nor_o bone_n neither_o member_n nor_o soul_n afterward_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n which_o once_o die_v and_o rise_v again_o shall_v die_v no_o more_o but_o remain_v eternal_a and_o impassable_a but_o this_o host_n be_v temporal_a and_o corruptible_a divide_v into_o part_n break_v with_o the_o tooth_n and_o swallow_v down_o into_o the_o stomach_n last_o this_o mystery_n be_v a_o pledge_n and_o a_o figure_n the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v that_o very_a truth_n what_o be_v see_v be_v bread_n but_o what_o be_v spiritual_o understand_v be_v life_n there_o be_v also_o another_o sermon_n of_o bishop_n wulfinus_n to_o the_o clergy_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o a_o synod_n of_o priest_n wherein_o the_o same_o opinion_n and_o doctrine_n be_v explain_v in_o this_o manner_n that_o host_n be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n not_o corporal_o but_o spiritual_o paschali_fw-la not_o that_o body_n wherein_o he_o suffer_v but_o that_o body_n whereof_o he_o speak_v when_o he_o consecrateâ—_n the_o bread_n and_o wine_n into_o a_o host_n which_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n we_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o catholic_n truth_n 37._o and_o so_o hitherto_o we_o have_v produce_v the_o agree_a testimony_n of_o ancient_a father_n for_o a_o thousand_o year_n after_o christ_n and_o have_v transcribe_v they_o more_o at_o large_a to_o make_v it_o appear_v to_o every_o one_o that_o be_v not_o blind_a that_o the_o true_a apostolic_a doctrine_n of_o this_o mystery_n have_v be_v universal_o maintain_v for_o so_o long_o by_o all_o man_n some_o few_o except_v who_o more_o than_o eight_o hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n presume_v to_o dispute_v against_o the_o ancient_a orthodox_n doctrine_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o christ_n presence_n and_o of_o his_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o sacrament_n though_o they_o dare_v not_o positive_o determine_v any_o thing_n against_o it_o now_o what_o more_o concern_v this_o point_n we_o refer_v to_o the_o next_o chapter_n lest_o this_o shall_v be_v too_o long_o chap._n vi_o show_n more_o at_o large_a that_o the_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o transubstantiation_n and_o answer_v the_o romish_a objection_n vain_o allege_v out_o of_o antiquity_n 1._o many_o more_o proof_n out_o of_o ancient_a chapter_n record_n may_v have_v be_v add_v to_o those_o we_o have_v hitherto_o bring_v for_o a_o thousand_o year_n but_o we_o desire_v to_o be_v brief_a have_v omit_v they_o in_o each_o century_n as_o in_o the_o first_o after_o the_o holy_a scripture_n the_o work_n of_o 29._o clemens_n romanus_n commend_v by_o the_o papist_n themselves_z and_o those_o of_o philadel_n st._n ignatius_n bishop_n of_o antioch_n and_o martyr_n be_v much_o against_o transubstantiation_n in_o the_o second_o likewise_o 2._o st._n theophilus_n four_o bishop_n of_o antioch_n after_o ignatius_n christ_n athenagoras_n and_o diaty_n tatianus_n scholar_n to_o justin_n martyr_n in_o the_o three_o 2._o clemens_n alexandrinus_n tutor_n to_o origen_n and_o octavio_n minutius_n felix_n a_o christian_a orator_n in_o the_o four_o 2._o eusebius_n bishop_n of_o caesarea_n 4._o juvencus_n a_o spanish_a priest_n 37._o macarius_n egyptius_n syn._n st._n hilary_n bishop_n of_o poitiers_n 3._o optatus_n bishop_n of_o milevis_n chr._n eusebius_n emissenus_fw-la gorg._n gregorius_n nazianzenus_n 1â—_n cyrillus_n alexandrinus_n ancorato_n epiphanius_n salaminensis_n 26._o st._n hierom_n 2_o theophilus_n alexandrinus_n and_o 2._o gaudentius_n bishop_n of_o brixia_n in_o the_o five_o paul_n sedulius_n a_o scotch_a priest_n 25._o gennadius_n massiliensis_n and_o epith_n faustus_n bishop_n of_o regium_n in_o the_o six_o ferrand_n fulgentius_n africanus_n â—_o victor_n antiochenus_fw-la cor._n primasius_n bishop_n and_o 9_o procopius_n gazeus_n in_o the_o seven_o 6._o hesychius_n priest_n in_o jerusalem_n and_o dion_n maximus_n abbot_n of_o constantinople_n in_o the_o eight_o orthod_n johannes_n damascenus_n in_o the_o nine_o 6._o nicephorus_n the_o patriarch_n and_o remig._n hincmarus_n archbishop_n of_o rheims_n last_o in_o the_o ten_o adeodat_n fulbert_n bishop_n of_o chartres_n and_o to_o complete_a all_o to_o these_o single_a father_n we_o may_v add_v whole_a council_n of_o they_o as_o that_o of_o 2._o ancyra_n of_o 13._o neocesarea_n and_o beside_o the_o first_o of_o 30._o nice_a which_o i_o have_v mention_v that_o of_o 25._o laodicea_n of_o 24._o carthage_n of_o 4._o orleans_n the_o four_o of_o 17._o toledo_n that_o of_o 2._o bracara_n the_o sixteen_o of_o 6._o toledo_n and_o that_o of_o 32._o constantinople_n in_o trullo_n out_o of_o all_o these_o appear_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o infection_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o transubstantiation_n be_v not_o yet_o spread_v over_o the_o christian_a world_n but_o that_o the_o sound_a doctrine_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n and_o of_o their_o true_a yet_o spiritual_a not_o carnal_a presence_n in_o the_o eucharist_n with_o the_o element_n still_o the_o same_o in_o substance_n after_o consecration_n be_v every_o where_o own_a and_o maintain_v and_o though_o the_o father_n use_v both_o way_n
of_o speak_v that_o be_v that_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v the_o true_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n and_o that_o their_o substance_n still_o remain_v they_o be_v sign_n type_n resemblance_n and_o pledge_n of_o they_o image_n figure_n similitude_n representation_n and_o sampler_n of_o they_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o cantrariety_n or_o diversity_n in_o the_o sense_n for_o they_o be_v not_o so_o faithless_a as_o to_o believe_v that_o these_o be_v only_o natural_a element_n or_o bare_a sign_n and_o they_o be_v not_o of_o so_o gross_a and_o so_o dull_a a_o apprehension_n as_o not_o to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o the_o sacramental_a and_o mystic_a and_o the_o carnal_a and_o natural_a presence_n of_o christ_n as_o it_o be_v now_o maintain_v by_o the_o patron_n of_o transubstantiation_n for_o in_o this_o they_o understand_v no_o other_o change_n than_o that_o which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o sacrament_n whereby_o the_o outward_a natural_a part_n be_v say_v to_o be_v change_v into_o the_o inward_a and_o divine_a only_o because_o it_o represent_v it_o true_o and_o efficacious_o and_o make_v all_o worthy_a receiver_n partaker_n thereof_o and_o because_o by_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o holy_a spirit_n and_o of_o christ_n holy_a institution_n the_o element_n obtain_v those_o divine_a excellency_n and_o prerogative_n which_o they_o can_v have_v of_o their_o own_o nature_n and_o this_o be_v it_o which_o be_v teach_v and_o believe_v for_o above_o a_o thousand_o year_n together_o by_o pious_a and_o learned_a antiquity_n concern_v this_o most_o holy_a mystery_n 2._o there_o be_v also_o some_o other_o thing_n whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v that_o the_o ancient_n do_v not_o belief_n transubstantiation_n or_o that_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v so_o inseparable_o tie_v to_o the_o accident_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n that_o christ_n must_v needs_o be_v present_a as_o long_o as_o those_o accident_n retain_v any_o resemblance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n even_o when_o they_o be_v not_o put_v to_o that_o use_n appoint_v by_o divine_a institution_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o many_o of_o the_o ancient_n to_o burn_v 600._o what_o remain_v of_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n after_o the_o comunion_n be_v end_v and_o who_o can_v believe_v that_o any_o christian_n 97â—_n shall_v dare_v or_o be_v willing_a to_o burn_v his_o lord_n and_o saviour_n in_o body_n and_o blood_n though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o much_o in_o his_o power_n doubtless_o it_o will_v have_v be_v as_o horrid_a and_o detestable_a a_o action_n as_o be_v that_o of_o the_o perfidious_a jew_n for_o christian_n if_o they_o believe_v transubstantiation_n to_o burn_v that_o very_o natural_a body_n which_o the_o jew_n crucify_a and_o which_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n therefore_o those_o christian_n who_o use_v ancient_o to_o burn_v those_o fragment_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o remain_v of_o the_o wine_n which_o be_v not_o spend_v in_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n be_v far_o enough_o from_o hold_v the_o present_a faith_n and_o doctrine_n of_o rome_n the_o same_o appear_v further_a by_o the_o penalty_n threaten_v by_o the_o canon_n to_o every_o clergyman_n by_o who_o neglect_n a_o mouse_n or_o any_o 640._o other_o creature_n shall_v eat_v the_o sacrifice_n that_o be_v the_o consecrate_a bread_n and_o who_o but_o a_o idiot_n a_o man_n deprive_v of_o his_o reason_n can_v ever_o believe_v that_o the_o natural_a body_n of_o christ_n can_v be_v gnaw_v and_o even_o eat_v by_o rat_n or_o any_o brute_n creature_n this_o sore_o perplex_v the_o first_o maintainer_n of_o transubstantiation_n who_o will_v invent_v any_o thing_n rather_o than_o own_o it_o possible_a well_o know_v how_o abominable_a it_o be_v and_o how_o dishonourable_a to_o christian_a religion_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o now_o roman_a faith_n nay_o it_o necessary_o follow_v from_o the_o tenet_n of_o transubstantiation_n that_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n may_v be_v in_o the_o belly_n of_o a_o mouse_n 2._o under_o the_o accident_n of_o bread_n and_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n be_v not_o only_o disow_v now_o by_o the_o papist_n but_o under_o pain_n of_o excommunication_n forbid_v by_o the_o 10._o pope_n ever_o to_o be_v own_v so_o that_o they_o must_v believe_v as_o a_o article_n of_o faith_n 5._o what_o be_v most_o abhorrent_n to_o faith_n 3._o but_o yet_o at_o last_o let_v we_o see_v what_o prop_n these_o new_a builder_n pretend_v to_o borrow_v from_o antiquity_n to_o uphold_v their_o castle_n in_o the_o air_n transubstantiation_n they_o use_v indeed_o to_o scrape_v together_o many_o testimony_n of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o first_o and_o middle_a age_n whereby_o they_o will_v fain_o prove_v that_o those_o father_n believe_v and_o teach_v the_o transubstantiation_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n into_o the_o natural_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n just_a as_o the_o roman_a church_n at_o this_o day_n do_v teach_v and_o believe_v we_o will_v therefore_o brief_o examine_v they_o that_o it_o may_v yet_o more_o full_o appear_v that_o antiquity_n and_o all_o father_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o favour_n the_o new_a tenet_n of_o transubstantiation_n but_o that_o that_o true_a doctrine_n which_o i_o have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n be_v constant_o own_v and_o preserve_v in_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n 4._o now_o almost_o all_o that_o they_o produce_v out_o of_o the_o father_n will_v be_v convenient_o reduce_v to_o certain_a head_n that_o we_o may_v not_o be_v too_o tedious_a in_o answer_v each_o testimony_n by_o itself_o 5._o to_o the_o first_o head_n belong_v those_o other_o that_o call_v the_o eucharist_n the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n but_o i_o answer_v those_o father_n explain_v themselves_o in_o many_o place_n and_o interpret_v those_o their_o expression_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o must_v be_v understand_v in_o a_o mystic_a and_o spiritual_a sense_n in_o that_o sacrament_n usual_o take_v the_o name_n of_o those_o thing_n they_o represent_v because_o of_o that_o resemblance_n which_o they_o have_v with_o they_o sicut_fw-la not_o by_o the_o reality_n of_o the_o thing_n but_o by_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o mystery_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o out_o of_o st._n austin_n and_o other_o for_o no_o body_n can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v see_v be_v sign_n and_o figure_n and_o those_o that_o be_v not_o see_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o mystery_n be_v such_o that_o when_o we_o receive_v the_o bread_n and_o wine_n we_o also_o together_o with_o they_o receive_v at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n which_o in_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n be_v as_o true_o give_v as_o they_o be_v represent_v hence_o come_v into_o the_o church_n this_o manner_n of_o speak_v the_o consecrate_a bread_n be_v christ_n body_n 6._o we_o put_v in_o the_o second_o rank_n those_o place_n that_o say_v that_o the_o bishop_n and_o etc._n priest_n make_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n with_o the_o sacred_a word_n of_o their_o mouth_n as_o st._n hierom_n speak_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o heliodorus_n and_o st._n ambrose_n and_o other_o to_o this_o i_o say_v that_o at_o the_o prayer_n and_o blessing_n of_o the_o priest_n the_o common_a bread_n be_v make_v sacramental_a bread_n which_o when_o break_a and_o eat_v be_v the_o communion_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o therefore_o may_v well_o be_v call_v so_o sacramental_o for_o the_o bread_n as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v before_o do_v not_o only_o represent_v the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n but_o also_o be_v receive_v we_o be_v true_o make_v partaker_n of_o that_o precious_a body_n for_o so_o say_v s._n hier._n the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v make_v at_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o priest_n that_o be_v evag._n the_o element_n be_v so_o qualify_v that_o be_v receive_v it_o become_v the_o communion_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n which_o it_o can_v not_o without_o the_o precede_a prayer_n the_o greek_n call_v this_o to_o prepare_v and_o to_o consecrate_v the_o mat._n body_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o s._n chrysostam_n say_v well_o these_o be_v not_o the_o work_n of_o man_n power_n but_o still_o the_o operation_n of_o he_o who_o make_v they_o in_o the_o last_o supper_n as_o for_o we_o we_o be_v only_a minister_n but_o be_v it_o be_v that_o sanctify_v and_o change_v they_o 7._o in_o the_o three_o place_n to_o what_o be_v aliorum_fw-la bring_v out_o of_o the_o father_n concern_v the_o conversion_n change_n transmutation_n transfiguration_n and_o transelementation_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n in_o the_o eucharist_n wherein_o the_o papist_n do_v great_o glory_v boast_v of_o the_o consent_n of_o
that_o by_o that_o food_n which_o he_o give_v we_o we_o become_v his_o flesh_n such_o be_v that_o of_o st._n austin_n let_v we_o give_v thanks_o not_o 23._o only_o that_o we_o be_v make_v christian_n but_o also_o make_v christ_n last_o such_o be_v that_o of_o b._n leo_n in_o that_o mystical_a distribution_n it_o be_v give_v we_o to_o be_v make_v his_o flesh_n certain_o if_o any_o man_n will_v wrangle_v and_o take_v advantage_n of_o these_o he_o may_v thereby_o maintain_v as_o well_o that_o we_o be_v transubstantiate_v into_o christ_n and_o christ_n flesh_n into_o the_o bread_n as_o that_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v transubstantiate_v into_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n but_o protestant_n who_o scorn_n to_o play_v the_o sophister_n interpret_v these_o and_o the_o like_a passage_n of_o the_o father_n with_o candour_n and_o ingenuity_n as_o it_o be_v most_o fit_v they_o shall_v for_o the_o expression_n of_o preacher_n which_o often_o have_v something_o of_o a_o paradox_n must_v not_o be_v take_v according_a to_o that_o harsh_a sound_n wherewith_o they_o at_o first_o strike_v the_o auditor_n ear_n the_o father_n speak_v not_o of_o any_o transubstantiated_a bread_n but_o of_o the_o mystical_a and_o consecrate_a when_o they_o use_v those_o sort_n of_o expression_n and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n 1._o that_o they_o may_v extol_v and_o amplify_v the_o dignity_n of_o this_o mystery_n which_o all_o true_a christian_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v very_o great_a and_o peerless_a 2._o that_o communicant_n may_v not_o rest_v in_o the_o outward_a element_n but_o serious_o consider_v the_o thing_n represent_v whereof_o they_o be_v most_o certain_o make_v partaker_n if_o they_o be_v worthy_a receiver_n 3._o and_o last_o that_o they_o may_v approach_v so_o great_a a_o mystery_n with_o the_o more_o zeal_n reverence_n and_o devotion_n and_o that_o those_o hyperbolic_a expression_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v the_o father_n themselves_o teach_v clear_o enough_o when_o they_o come_v to_o interpret_v they_o 9_o last_o be_v the_o same_o holy_a father_n who_o as_o the_o manner_n be_v to_o discourse_v of_o sacrament_n speak_v sometime_o of_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n in_o the_o lord_n supper_n as_o if_o they_o be_v the_o very_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n do_v also_o very_o often_o call_v they_o type_n element_n sign_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n from_o hence_o it_o appear_v most_o manifest_o that_o they_o be_v of_o the_o protestant_n and_o not_o of_o the_o papist_n opinion_n for_o we_o can_v without_o prejudice_n to_o what_o we_o believe_v of_o the_o sacrament_n use_v those_o former_a expression_n which_o the_o papist_n believe_v do_v most_o favour_n they_o if_o they_o be_v understand_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v sacramental_o but_o the_o latter_a none_o can_v use_v but_o he_o must_v thereby_o overthrow_v the_o groundless_a doctrine_n of_o transubstantiation_n these_o two_o the_o bread_n be_v transubstantiate_v into_o the_o body_n and_o the_o bread_n also_o be_v the_o type_n the_o sign_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v whole_o inconsistent_a for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o thing_n that_o lose_v its_o be_v shall_v yet_o be_v the_o sign_n and_o representation_n of_o another_o neither_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v the_o type_n and_o the_o sign_n of_o itself_o 10._o but_o if_o without_o admit_v of_o a_o sacramental_a sense_n the_o word_n be_v use_v too_o rigorous_o nothing_o but_o this_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v real_o and_o proper_o the_o very_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n which_o they_o themselves_o disow_v that_o hold_v transubstantiation_n therefore_o in_o this_o change_n it_o be_v not_o a_o newness_n of_o substance_n but_o of_o use_n and_o virtue_n that_o be_v produce_v which_o yet_o the_o father_n acknowledge_v with_o we_o to_o be_v wonderful_a supernatural_a and_o proper_a only_a to_o god_n omnipotency_n for_o that_o earthly_a and_o corruptible_a meat_n can_v become_v to_o we_o a_o spiritual_a and_o heavenly_a the_o communion_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n without_o god_n especial_a power_n and_o operation_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v far_o above_o philosophy_n and_o humane_a reason_n that_o christ_n from_o heaven_n where_o alone_o he_o be_v local_o shall_v reach_v down_o to_o we_o the_o divine_a virtue_n of_o his_o flesh_n so_o that_o we_o be_v make_v one_o body_n with_o he_o therefore_o it_o be_v as_o necessary_a as_o it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o the_o father_n shall_v tell_v we_o that_o we_o ought_v with_o singleness_n of_o heart_n to_o believe_v the_o son_n of_o god_n when_o he_o say_v this_o be_v my_o body_n and_o that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o measure_v this_o high_a and_o holy_a mystery_n by_o our_o narrow_a conception_n or_o by_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n for_o it_o be_v more_o acceptable_a to_o god_n with_o a_o humble_a simplicity_n of_o faith_n to_o reverence_n and_o embrace_v the_o word_n of_o christ_n than_o to_o wrest_v they_o violent_o to_o a_o strange_a and_o improper_a sense_n and_o with_o curiosity_n and_o presumption_n to_o determine_v what_o exceed_v the_o capacity_n of_o man_n and_o angel_n thus_o much_o in_o general_n may_v suffice_v to_o answer_v those_o place_n of_o the_o father_n which_o be_v usual_o bring_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o transubstantiation_n he_o that_o will_v have_v a_o large_a refutation_n of_o those_o objection_n fetch_v from_o antiquity_n may_v read_v hospinianus_n his_o history_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o 13._o antonius_n de_fw-fr dominis_n in_o his_o five_o book_n of_o the_o christian_a commonwealth_n chap._n 6._o and_o in_o his_o detection_n of_o the_o error_n of_o suarez_n chap._n 2._o 11._o that_o place_n of_o ignatius_n cite_v by_o ignat_fw-la theodoret_n out_o of_o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o smyrnenses_n where_o now_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v and_o object_v by_o some_o of_o the_o romish_a faith_n that_o the_o heretic_n simoniani_n and_o menandriani_fw-la will_v have_v no_o eucharistical_a oblation_n because_o they_o deny_v the_o sacrament_n to_o be_v the_o flesh_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n make_v nothing_o for_o transubstantiation_n as_o bellarmine_n himself_o confess_v for_o say_v he_o those_o heretic_n 3._o do_v not_o oppose_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o eucharist_n so_o much_o as_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o incarnation_n and_o therefore_o as_o ignatius_n show_v in_o that_o place_n they_o will_v deny_v that_o the_o eucharist_n be_v the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n that_o be_v as_o theodoret_n interpret_v 2._o it_o that_o the_o divine_a mystery_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n shall_v be_v the_o sign_n of_o a_o real_a body_n of_o christ_n true_o exist_v because_o they_o will_v not_o own_o that_o christ_n have_v take_v flesh_n and_o so_o lest_o they_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o reality_n of_o the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n they_o will_v whole_o reject_v the_o sign_n and_o sacrament_n of_o it_o for_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o body_n be_v give_v the_o true_a body_n be_v give_v also_o because_o the_o substance_n and_o the_o type_n infer_v one_o another_o and_o a_o phantasm_n or_o illusion_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o sign_n or_o representation_n 12._o the_o word_n out_o of_o justin_n martyr_n imp_n whereby_o they_o will_v prove_v transubstantiation_n do_v strong_o disprove_v it_o for_o say_v he_o as_o by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n our_o saviour_n be_v incarnate_a so_o by_o the_o prayer_n of_o god_n word_n the_o eucharist_n be_v make_v whereby_o our_o body_n be_v nourish_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n now_o when_o christ_n take_v humane_a flesh_n none_o can_v say_v without_o heresy_n that_o he_o be_v transubstantiate_v 13._o neither_o be_v that_o against_o the_o protestant_n which_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o st._n cyprian_n dom._n though_o it_o be_v none_o of_o he_o of_o the_o bread_n change_v not_o in_o appearance_n but_o in_o nature_n for_o he_o whoever_o it_o be_v take_v not_o the_o word_n nature_n in_o a_o strict_a sense_n or_o else_o he_o be_v contrary_a to_o theodoret_n gelasius_n and_o other_o abovementioned_a who_o express_o deny_v that_o the_o bread_n shall_v be_v thus_o change_v but_o at_o large_a as_o nature_n be_v take_v for_o use_n quality_n and_o condition_n for_o by_o the_o infinite_a power_n of_o the_o word_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o bread_n be_v so_o change_v that_o what_o be_v before_o a_o bare_a element_n become_v now_o a_o divine_a sacrament_n but_o without_o any_o transubstantiation_n as_o appear_v by_o what_o follow_v in_o the_o same_o period_n of_o the_o humane_a and_o divine_a nature_n of_o christ_n where_o the_o manhood_n be_v not_o substantial_o change_v into_o the_o godhead_n except_o we_o will_v follow_v eutyches_n the_o heretic_n 14._o the_o word_n of_o cyril_n as_o the_o roman_a 4_o doctor_n faith_n be_v so_o clear_a for_o they_o that_o they_o admit_v
christ_n 17._o let_v the_o champion_n of_o transubstantiation_n strut_v and_o vapour_n now_o with_o their_o two_o and_o thirty_o stout_a second_o v._n who_o have_v stand_v for_o they_o as_o they_o say_v before_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o for_o what_o 1_o innocent_a the_o three_o decree_v and_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n 4._o define_v that_o it_o be_v ever_o the_o persuasion_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n that_o the_o bread_n be_v so_o change_v into_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o bread_n vanish_v away_o only_o the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n shall_v remain_v under_o the_o accident_n of_o the_o bread_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v true_a that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o transubstantiation_n not_o only_o as_o to_o the_o name_n but_o as_o to_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v whole_o destitute_a of_o the_o patronage_n of_o antiquity_n and_o left_a to_o shift_v for_o itself_o indulg_n alphonsus_n à _fw-fr castro_n say_v that_o in_o ancient_a writer_n mention_n be_v make_v very_o seldom_o of_o transubstantiation_n have_v he_o say_v never_o it_o have_v be_v more_o true_a for_o so_o our_o jesuit_n 4._o in_o england_n confess_v that_o the_o business_n of_o transubstantiation_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o touch_v by_o the_o ancient_a father_n which_o be_v very_o true_a as_o will_v appear_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o eleven_o and_o twelve_o century_n from_o who_o we_o may_v easy_o deduce_v and_o trace_v the_o history_n of_o papal_a transubstantiation_n 1._o what_o manner_n of_o pope_n they_o be_v in_o those_o time_n 2._o the_o unhappy_a age_n wherein_o divine_n be_v divide_v about_o the_o point_n of_o the_o eucharist_n 3._o the_o opinion_n of_o fulbertus_n 4._o follow_v by_o his_o disciple_n berengarius_fw-la who_o be_v oppose_v by_o other_o 5_o 6._o the_o doctrine_n of_o berengarius_fw-la defend_v 7._o the_o roar_n of_o leo_n the_o nine_o against_o berengarius_fw-la 8._o the_o synod_n of_o tours_n under_o victor_n the_o second_o which_o clear_v berengarius_fw-la as_o free_a from_o error_n 9_o pope_n nicolas_n the_o second_o gather_v another_o synod_n against_o berengarius_fw-la who_o be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o wondrous_a kind_n of_o recantation_n 10._o the_o author_n of_o the_o ordinary_a gloss_n censure_v the_o recantation_n impose_v on_o berengarius_fw-la 11._o he_o say_v that_o he_o be_v violent_o compel_v to_o make_v it_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v put_v to_o death_n lanfrancus_fw-la and_o guitmundus_n write_v against_o he_o 12._o of_o pope_n hildebrand_n and_o his_o roman_a council_n whereinis_fw-la berengarius_fw-la be_v again_o cite_v and_o condemn_v in_o vain_a 13._o the_o doctrine_n of_o st._n bernard_n approve_v 14._o the_o opinion_n of_o rupertus_n 15._o lombard_n can_v define_v nothing_o of_o the_o transubstantiation_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o reason_n poor_o upon_o the_o independency_n of_o the_o accident_n 16._o otho_fw-la frisingensis_n and_o those_o of_o his_o time_n confess_v that_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n remain_v in_o the_o eucharist_n 17._o p._n blesensis_n and_o st._n eduensis_n be_v the_o first_o that_o use_v the_o word_n of_o transubstantiation_n 18._o of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n wherein_o pope_n innocent_n the_o three_o publish_v his_o decree_n of_o the_o transubstantiation_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n into_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n 19_o and_o 20._o the_o wonderful_a pride_n of_o innocent_a the_o three_o the_o lateran_n council_n determine_v nothing_o concern_v that_o point_n 21._o the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o same_o innocent_a who_o by_o the_o rack_n and_o the_o fire_n seek_v to_o establish_v his_o new_a doctrine_n 22._o what_o gerson_n say_v of_o the_o roman_a church_n in_o his_o time_n many_o more_o invention_n proceed_v from_o transubstantiation_n inextricable_a and_o unheard_a of_o question_n 23._o new_a order_n of_o monk_n and_o of_o the_o schoolman_n 24._o of_o their_o fine_a wrangle_n and_o dispute_v 25._o the_o sacrament_n abuse_v most_o gross_o by_o the_o patron_n of_o transubstantiation_n 26_o and_o 27._o holkot_o aquinas_n albertus_n magnus_n and_o other_o schoolman_n though_o sometime_o they_o be_v not_o for_o transubstantiation_n yet_o they_o whole_o submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o pope_n 28._o of_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n which_o take_v the_o cup_n from_o the_o laity_n 29._o cardinal_n cameracensis_n deny_v that_o transubstantiation_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o holy_a scripture_n 30._o of_o the_o council_n of_o florence_n and_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o armenian_n by_o pope_n eugenius_n the_o four_o 31._o the_o papal_a curse_n in_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n not_o to_o be_v fear_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o book_n 1._o we_o have_v prove_v it_o before_o that_o the_o leprosy_n of_o transubstantiation_n do_v not_o begin_v to_o spread_v over_o the_o body_n of_o the_o church_n in_o a_o thousand_o year_n after_o christ_n but_o at_o last_o the_o thousand_o year_n be_v expire_v and_o satan_n loose_v out_o of_o his_o prison_n to_o go_v and_o deceive_v the_o nation_n and_o compass_v the_o camp_n of_o the_o saint_n about_o then_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o christian_a peace_n and_o religion_n they_o begin_v here_o and_o there_o to_o dispute_v against_o the_o clear_a constant_a and_o universal_a consent_n of_o the_o father_n and_o to_o maintain_v the_o new-started_n opinion_n it_o be_v know_v to_o they_o that_o understand_v history_n what_o manner_n of_o time_n be_v then_o and_o what_o be_v those_o bishop_n who_o then_o govern_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n sylvester_n two_o john_n xix_o and_o xx_o sergius_n iv_o benedictus_fw-la viii_o john_n xxi_o benedict_n ix_o sylvester_n iii_n gregory_n vi_o damasus_n two_o leo_fw-la ix_o nicolas_n two_o gregory_n vii_o or_o hildebrand_n who_o tear_v to_o piece_n the_o church_n of_o rome_n with_o grievous_a schism_n cruel_a war_n and_o great_a slaughter_v for_o the_o roman_a pontificat_fw-la be_v come_v to_o that_o 10._o pass_n that_o good_a man_n be_v put_v by_o they_o who_o life_n and_o doctrine_n be_v pious_a be_v oppress_v none_o can_v obtain_v that_o dignity_n but_o they_o that_o can_v bribe_v best_a and_o be_v most_o ambitious_a 2._o in_o that_o unhappy_a age_n the_o learned_a be_v at_o odds_o about_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n some_o defend_v the_o ancient_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n and_o some_o the_o new-sprung_a up_o opinion_n 3._o fulbert_n bishop_n of_o chartres_n be_v tutor_n 1010._o to_o berengarius_fw-la who_o we_o shall_v soon_o have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o and_o his_o doctrine_n be_v altogether_o conformable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o primitive_a church_n as_o appear_v clear_o out_o of_o his_o epistle_n to_o adeodatus_n 1608._o wherein_o he_o teach_v that_o the_o mystery_n of_o faith_n in_o the_o eucharist_n be_v not_o to_o be_v look_v on_o with_o our_o bodily_a eye_n but_o with_o the_o eye_n of_o our_o mind_n for_o what_o appear_v outward_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v make_v inward_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n not_o that_o which_o be_v taste_v with_o the_o mouth_n but_o that_o which_o be_v relish_v by_o the_o heart_n affection_n therefore_o say_v he_o prepare_v the_o palate_n of_o thy_o faith_n open_v the_o throat_n of_o thy_o hope_n and_o enlarge_v the_o bowel_n of_o thy_o charity_n and_o take_v that_o bread_n of_o life_n which_o be_v the_o food_n of_o the_o inward_a man_n again_o the_o perception_n of_o a_o divine_a taste_n proceed_v from_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o inward_a man_n whilst_o by_o receive_v the_o save_a sacrament_n christ_n be_v receive_v into_o the_o soul_n all_o this_o be_v against_o those_o who_o teach_v in_o too_o gross_a a_o manner_n that_o christ_n in_o this_o mystery_n enter_v carnal_o the_o mouth_n and_o stomach_n of_o the_o receiver_n 4._o fulbert_n be_v follow_v by_o berengarius_fw-la 1030._o his_o scholar_n archdeacon_n of_o anger_n be_v in_o france_n a_o man_n of_o great_a worth_n by_o the_o holiness_n both_o of_o his_o life_n and_o doctrine_n as_o platina_n vincentius_n bergomensis_n and_o many_o more_o witness_v this_o encomium_n write_v soon_o after_o his_o death_n by_o hildebert_n bishop_n of_o man_n a_o most_o learned_a man_n be_v thus_o record_v by_o our_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n 3._o that_o berengarius_fw-la who_o be_v so_o admire_v although_o his_o name_n yet_o live_v be_v now_o expire_v he_o outlive_v himself_o yet_o a_o sad_a fatal_a day_n he_o from_o the_o church_n and_o state_n do_v snatch_v away_o o_o dreadful_a day_n why_o do_v thou_o play_v the_o thief_n and_o fill_v the_o world_n with_o ruin_n and_o with_o grief_n for_o by_o his_o death_n the_o church_n the_o law_n and_o all_o the_o clergy_n glory_n do_v receive_v a_o fall_n his_o sacred_a wisdom_n be_v too_o great_a for_o fame_n and_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v too_o little_a for_o his_o name_n which_o to_o its_o
reason_n that_o they_o be_v inseparable_a one_o from_o the_o other_o mere_a nonsense_n for_o as_o long_o as_o the_o accident_n of_o the_o bread_n i._n e._n the_o shaâ—â—_n and_o taste_v and_o colour_n etc._n etc._n remain_v in_o their_o proper_a 3._o be_v so_o long_o be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n inseparable_o join_v with_o they_o wherefore_o if_o the_o accident_n in_o their_o nature_n pass_v into_o the_o belly_n or_o be_v cast_v out_o by_o vomit_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n itself_o must_v of_o necessity_n go_v along_o with_o they_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n pious_a soul_n i_o repeat_v their_o own_o word_n do_v frequent_o eat_v again_o with_o great_a reverence_n the_o part_n of_o the_o host_n cast_v out_o by_o vomit_v other_o answer_v also_o 3._o that_o a_o beast_n eat_v not_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n sacramental_o but_o accidental_o as_o a_o man_n that_o shall_v eat_v a_o consecrate_a host_n not_o know_v that_o it_o be_v consecrate_v 3._o they_o inquire_v about_o musty_a and_o rot_a host_n and_o because_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v incorruptible_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o putrefaction_n therefore_o they_o answer_v 1._o that_o the_o host_n be_v never_o so_o and_o that_o though_o they_o appear_v as_o if_o they_o be_v yet_o in_o reality_n they_o be_v not_o as_o christ_n appear_v as_o a_o gardener_n though_o he_o be_v no_o gardener_n 4._o they_o demand_v concern_v indigested_a host_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o belly_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o draught_n or_o concern_v those_o that_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o worst_a of_o sink_n or_o into_o the_o dirt_n whether_o such_o host_n cease_v to_o be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o answer_v 5._o that_o whether_o they_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o sink_v or_o the_o privy_a as_o long_o as_o the_o appearance_n remain_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v inseparable_a from_o tâ—â—â—_n and_o for_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o tenable_a and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a for_o any_o to_o hold_v it_o because_o the_o pope_n xi_o have_v forbid_v it_o shall_v be_v maintain_v under_o pain_n of_o excommunication_n therefore_o the_o modern_a schoolman_n 1â—_n add_v that_o if_o any_o shall_v hold_v the_o contrary_a after_o the_o pope_n determination_n he_o shall_v be_v condemn_v by_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n that_o be_v nay_o they_o hold_v it_o to_o be_v a_o point_n of_o faith_n which_o none_o may_v doubt_v of_o because_o the_o contrary_a doctrine_n have_v be_v condemn_v by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o eleven_o 5._o they_o ask_v concern_v the_o accident_n whether_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v under_o they_o when_o they_o be_v abstract_v from_o their_o subject_n this_o be_v against_o logic_n or_o whether_o worm_n be_v gendr_v or_o mouse_n nourish_v of_o accident_n and_o this_o against_o physic_n 6._o whether_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n can_v at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n move_v both_o upward_o and_o downward_o one_o priest_n lift_v up_o the_o host_n and_o another_o set_n it_o down_o and_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o more_o such_o thorny_a question_n have_v weary_v and_o nonplus_v they_o and_o all_o their_o school_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o such_o straits_n and_o extremity_n that_o they_o know_v not_o what_o to_o resolve_v nor_o what_o shift_v to_o make_v and_o true_o it_o have_v be_v very_o happy_a for_o religion_n if_o as_o the_o ancient_n never_o touch_v or_o mention_v transubstantiation_n so_o latter_a time_n have_v never_o so_o much_o as_o hear_v of_o its_o name_n for_o god_n make_v his_o sacrament_n upright_o as_o he_o do_v 2d_o man_n but_o about_o it_o they_o have_v seek_v out_o many_o invention_n 25._o likewise_o this_o transubstantiation_n have_v give_v occasion_n to_o some_o most_o wicked_a and_o impious_a wretch_n to_o abuse_v and_o profane_v most_o unworthy_o what_o they_o think_v to_o be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n for_o instance_n may_v be_v bring_v of_o some_o wicked_a priest_n who_o for_o filthy_a lucre_n have_v sell_v some_o consecrate_a host_n to_o jew_n and_o sorcerer_n who_o have_v stab_v and_o burn_v they_o and_o use_v they_o for_o witchcraft_n and_o enchantment_n nay_o we_o read_v 116._o that_o st._n lewis_n himself_o very_o ill_o advise_v in_o that_o give_v once_o to_o the_o turk_n and_o saracen_n a_o consecrate_a host_n as_o a_o pledge_n of_o his_o promise_n and_o a_o assurance_n of_o peace_n now_o can_v any_o one_o who_o count_v these_o thing_n abominable_a persuade_v himself_o that_o our_o bless_a saviour_n will_v have_v appoint_v that_o his_o most_o holy_a body_n shall_v be_v present_a in_o his_o church_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o that_o it_o shall_v come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o great_a enemy_n and_o the_o worst_a of_o infidel_n and_o be_v eat_v by_o dog_n and_o rat_n and_o be_v vomit_v up_o burn_v cast_v into_o sink_n and_o use_v for_o magical_a poison_n and_o witchcraft_n i_o mention_v these_o with_o horror_n and_o tremble_a and_o therefore_o abstain_v from_o rake_v any_o more_o in_o this_o dunghill_n 26._o no_o wonder_n therefore_o if_o this_o new_a doctrine_n of_o innocent_a the_o three_o be_v liable_a to_o such_o foul_a absurdity_n and_o detestable_a abuse_n few_o man_n can_v be_v persuade_v in_o the_o fourteen_o century_n that_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v real_o or_o by_o transubstantiation_n in_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o altar_n as_o it_o be_v record_v by_o our_o countryman_n 1350._o robert_n holkot_n who_o live_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o century_n as_o also_o 6._o thomas_n aquinas_n report_v of_o some_o in_o his_o time_n who_o believe_v that_o after_o consecration_n not_o only_o the_o accident_n of_o the_o bread_n but_o its_o substantial_a form_n remain_v and_o albertus_n magnus_n himself_o who_o be_v thomas_n his_o his_n tutor_n and_o write_v not_o long_o after_o innocent_a the_o three_o speak_v of_o transubstantiation_n as_o of_o a_o doubtful_a question_n only_o nay_o that_o it_o be_v absolute_o reject_v and_o oppose_v by_o many_o be_v general_o know_v for_o the_o anathema_n of_o trent_n have_v not_o yet_o back_v the_o lateran_n decree_n 27._o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o schoolman_n especial_o the_o modern_a who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v swear_v to_o pope_n innocent_n determination_n they_o use_v to_o express_v their_o belief_n in_o this_o matter_n with_o great_a word_n but_o neither_o pious_a nor_o solid_a in_o this_o manner_n 2._o the_o common_a opinion_n be_v to_o be_v embrace_v not_o because_o reason_n require_v it_o but_o because_o it_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n item_n 3._o that_o aught_o to_o be_v of_o great_a weight_n that_o we_o must_v hold_v with_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n about_o the_o sacrament_n now_o it_o hold_v that_o the_o bread_n be_v transubstantiate_v into_o the_o body_n and_o the_o wine_n into_o the_o blood_n as_o it_o be_v clear_o say_v extra_n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o summa_fw-la trinitate_fw-la cap._n firmiter_fw-la again_o 1._o i_o prove_v that_o of_o necessity_n the_o bread_n be_v change_v into_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n for_o we_o must_v hold_v that_o declaration_n of_o faith_n which_o the_o pope_n declare_v must_v be_v hold_v thus_o among_o the_o papist_n if_o it_o be_v the_o pleasure_n of_o a_o imperious_a pope_n as_o be_v innocent_a the_o three_o doctrine_n of_o faith_n shall_v now_o and_o then_o increase_v in_o bulk_n and_o number_n though_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v most_o contrary_a to_o holy_a scripture_n though_o they_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o in_o the_o primitive_a church_n and_o though_o from_o they_o such_o consequence_n necessary_o follow_v as_o be_v most_o injurious_a to_o christ_n and_o his_o holy_a religion_n for_o after_o innocent_a the_o three_o the_o roman_a faith_n be_v thus_o much_o 24._o increase_v by_o the_o determination_n of_o pope_n gregory_n the_o eleven_o 1371._o that_o if_o it_o so_o happen_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o consecrate_a host_n may_v descend_v into_o a_o rat_n belly_n or_o into_o a_o privy_a or_o any_o such_o foul_a place_n 28._o in_o the_o fifteen_o century_n the_o council_n 1415._o of_o constance_n which_o by_o a_o sacrilegious_a attempt_n take_v away_o the_o sacramental_a cup_n from_o the_o people_n and_o from_o the_o priest_n when_o they_o do_v not_o officiate_v do_v wrongful_o condemn_v wiclif_n who_o be_v already_o dead_a because_o among_o other_o thing_n he_o have_v teach_v with_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n remain_v material_o in_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o altar_n and_o that_o in_o the_o same_o sacrament_n no_o accident_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n remain_v without_o a_o substance_n which_o two_o assertion_n be_v most_o true_a 29._o cardinal_n cameracencis_n who_o live_v 1420._o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o own_o the_o decree_n of_o pope_n innocent_a as_o