to giue theÌ„ Macedonia Thessalia in spoile Caesar and Antony séeing that Brutus would vnwillingly come to the fight called their people and Antony said thus Yesterdaies worke O Men I perceiue our enimies in words do diuide as they that chased some of vs and spoiled a campe where indéede they confesse al was yours for I affirme vnto you that neither y next day nor yet willingly wil they come to y fight which is a most certain surety of yesterdaies fear losse as in y maner of contentions of force they that are the weaker go out of the place They dydde not gather so greate an armye that they mighte inhabite the Deserte of Thracia by making of their walles but they made all that defence for fearo of your comming vppon them and now minding to kéepe in for yesterdaies ouerthrow when the elder and the more expert of the Captaines for very desperation kylled himselfe whiche is the greatest declaration of their miserie Therefore when you shall prouoke them and they not aunswere nor come from their hilles but truste in their holdes in stéede of their handes then you O Romaine men enforce them againe as ye forced them yesterday thinking it shame to giue place as fearfull and prouoked to refraine and to be holden the worse men for their kéeping in For we come not hither to liue in the playne nor if we tarryed it woulde suffise vs but the spéedy attemptes are to bée giuen in warre of the wise that we may the longer continue in peace The tymes and the trauaile we muste foresée of whom you cannot complayne for yesterdayes assaulte and attempte When you are required then shewe your vertue to your capitaines be not grieued with yesterdayes spoile for riches is not in that we haue but in that we got by conquest for that we lost yesterday For it remaineth safe with our enimie the which and their own they must yéeld vs when we ouercome them if we wil go forth to get that then must we set forth to the sight Yesterday we tooke again of theirs sufficieÌ„tly happily more susficient of our owne for they haue brought togither all that they haue by violence spoiled oute of Asia and you comming as from your Countrey haue lefte at home the moste precious things and onelye broughte necessaries And if you hadde anye thyng of estimation you compted it your Generalls all the whyche we be ready to giue you for thys victorye and for the recompence of this losse For your sake we will giue rewards of victorie to euerye Souldioure fyue thousand drams to a Capitaine of a bande fyue tymes so muche and to a Tribune double so muche as a Captaine When Antony had thus sayde he sette them in order to fight but the ennimie woulde not come forwarde Antony being grieued stil set them in battaile ray Brutus hadde his army in good order and néeded not come to the fyght for he had taken al the wayes for prouision of things néedefull There was an hill very nighe to Cassius Campe harde for the enimie to take bycause the nighnesse made it in danger of the archers Cassius had entrenched it that no man should from that place giue any bold attempt vnlooked for which being abandoned of Brutus Caesars soldiors in the night with .iiii. legions tooke it carying with them many hurdles hides to resist the shot WheÌ„ they had the hil they led other .x. legions halfe a myle and more towarde the sea and to the firste foure they added two legions more to take by that deuise all things euen to the sea if there were any way beside the seas as by the Fennes or other mean they might distresse it and take the victual from their enimie Brutus made deuises against them setting vp other forts against their Camps Casars souldiors also set vp a new worke Nowe was that famme euideÌ„t increased euery day in greatnesse fear for they could no longer haue sufficient brought theÌ„ stoÌ„ Thessaliâ— froÌ„ that sea there was no hope the enimies being lords of that ships and the late losse in Ionto beyng tolde to them bothe they were the more afraide the winter being at hande and they lying in a Fenny plaine Deliberation had for these things they sent a legion armed into Achia to prouide them necessarye victualls and to sende it them with all spéede but not able to auoide the present perill nor make any other deuice nor in the reste of the campe to doe anye more to offend the enimie they came foorth with showts and called Brutus to the fight scoffing and rayling at him and doubting whither this refraining from fight were like a man besieged rather than a man beraught his wit. This was knowne to him from the beginning and he beléeued it the rather bycause of their want and their losse in Ionto perceyuing his enimies had one mischiefe of another And he determined as a man besieged or any other way to auoide the battell rather than to come to hands with men driuen by hunger and desperation of all things hauing their onely hope in their hands But his army for lacke of consideration did not thinke so but were grieued that as women within they were shut vp with ydlenesse and feare Their captains also were not content and blamed Brutus opinion thinking with that courage of the souldiors the sooner to ouerthrowe their ennimie The cause hereof procéeded that Brutus was so courteous and milde to al meÌ„ and vnlyke to Cassius that was seuere and imperious in al thrnges so as his commaundements were kept without any resistance of the souldiours not asking questions nor reasoning what he woulde haue done but Brutus woulde doe nothing withoute the opinion of the Captaines thorowe his gentle nature At length hys armye by companies and rowtes beganne openly to aske What meaneth oure Generalâ— wherein haue we offended of late when we did ouercome when we did thaâ—â— when we distressed our enimies or when we tooke their Campe. Brutus suffered this of purpose and dyd not call them so aâ—ye assemblie least he shoulde be forced vnseemely of the rude multitude chiefly of the hyred sorte whose manner euer is lyke vnto vnstable seruauntes to hope in the change of maisters and to set their safetie in the contrary faction The Captayne 's also being angrie and wishing him now not to doubt the armye béeing in this forwardnesse would do some notable feate and if any thing hapt amisse in the fighte they myghte returne to theyr Campe and defende themselues with theyr wall Brutus was muche gréeued wyth the Captaynes and fearyng they woulde putte hym to the daunger by lyghte dealyng wyth the army whereas he wythoute doubte or sharpe fortune was sure of victorie not daungerous he consented to hys and al their destruction thus reproouing them Like Pompey the greate be we forced to fyghte not commaunding as a Captayne but rather obeying as a
lands houses Sepulchres and Temples which we would not take from our greatest strange enimyes only setting a taâ—e of the tenth part vpon them but they haue made diuition to you of that which was your owne countreymens and them that sente you to serue Caesar in the Frenche wars and made many vowes for your victories and appointed you by companies to conuenient dwelling places with ensignes and discipline of Souldiours So as you can neyther enioye peace nor be sure of them that be thrust out for who so euer is put out and spoyled of hys owne he will remaine to spie a tune for to be euen with you This was the cause why the Tirannes would not let you haue any land which mighte haue bene giuen you by other meanes that hauing euer enimies that laye in wayte you shoulde be sure kepers of their power whiche by iniustice did contine we yours For the good will that Tirans haue of their garde is that they he as far in doing wrong and feare as themselues And this they O â–ª God dâ— cal a cohabitation wherby lament of countreymen mighte be made and insurrection of them that haue done no wrong then for this purpose haue made vs enimies to our own countreyâ—olkâ— for the 〈…〉 singular profitâ— we whoÌ„ now y chiefe officers of y countrey do say they saue vs for mercies sake do confirme presâ—tly herafter wil confirme y same to be bond to you for euer of the which we take god to witnesse that ye haue shal haue al you haue had that none shall take it froÌ„ you not Brutus not Cassius not they y for your liberties haue put al their selues in peril we y â— â—e only accused in this matter will saue our selues be to you to your allied friends a special coÌ„fort y that is most pleasant to you to heare At the first occasioÌ„ that shal be offered we wil giue you the price for the land y is takeÌ„ froÌ„ other of the coÌ„mon reuenew that you shall not onely haue your setting setled but also voyde of al eâ—combraunce Whiâ—es Brutus thus spake al the hearers coÌ„sidering with theÌ„ selues that he spake nothing but right did like them wel as men of courage and louers of the people had them in great admiration and were turned into their fauour and determined to doe them good the next day â–ª whiche being come the Consuls called the people to an assembly and repeated the opinions Then Cicero did speake very much in the prayse of forgetting of iniuries of the which they reioiced and called Brutus and Cassius from the Temple They desired pledges to whom Lepidus Antonies sonnes were sente When Brutus Cassius were séene there was such a noyse as the Consuls that would haue sayde somwhat could not be suffered but wer first required to shake hands and be at one which they dyd And the Consuls mindes were troubled with feare or enuye that these men and their friends should preuayle in that common cause Then was Casars testament with the writings for the dispositioÌ„ of his goods brought forth which the people commaunded to be red There was Octauius his nephew by his sisters daughter fouÌ„d to be his sonne by adoption His gardings were giuen the people for solace and to euerye Citizen of Rome that was present seauentie fiue draÌ„mes of Athens Now was the people streyght turned to anger being abused by the name of a Tyranne that in hys testament had shewed most loue to his country And one thing séemed most to be pitied that Decimus Brutus one of the killers was made his sonne among his second heyres for the Râ—maines maner was to their first heyres to adde the second y if the first take not the feâ—oÌ„d may With this they were much troubled thinking it a wicked and abhominable an that Decimus should conspire againste Caesar whome hée had made one of his children Piso brought forth Caesars body to the which infinit numbers in armes ran to kepe it with much noyse poÌ„pe brought it to the place of spéech There was much lameÌ„tation weeping ther was rushing of harnesse togither with repentaunce of the forgetting of reueÌ„geance Antony marking how they were affected did not let it slippe but toke vpon him to make Caesars â—nneral sermon as Consul of a Consul friend of a friend knifman of a kinsman for Antony was partly his kinsman and to vse craft againe And thus he said I do not thinke it méete O Citizens that the buriall praise of suche a man should rather be done by me than by the whole country For what you haue altogither for the loue of hys vertue giuen him by decrée aswell the Senate as the people I thinke your voice and not Antonies oughte to expresse it This he vttered with sad and heauy cheare and wyth a framed voice declared euerything chiefly vpon the decrée whereby he was made a God holy inuiolate father of the country benefactor and gouernor and suche a one as neuer in al things they entituled other man to y like At euery of these words Antonie directed his countenance hands to Caesars body and with vehemencie of words opened the fact At euery title he gaue an addition with briefe speach mixte with pitie and indignation And when the decrée named him father of the Country then he saide This is the testimony of our duety And at these wordes holy inuiolate and vntouched and the refuge of all other he said None other made refuge of hym But he this holy and vntouched is kylled not takyng honoure by violences whiche he neuer desired and then be we verye thrall that bestowe them on the vnworthy neuer suing for them But you doe purge your selues O Citizens of this vnkindnesse in y you nowe do vse suche honoure towarde hym being dead Then rehearsing the othe that all shoulde kéepe Caesar and Caesars body and if any one wente about to betraye hym that they were accursed that would not defende him at this he extolled hys voice and helde vp his handes to the Capitoll saying O Iupiter Countries defendour and you other Gods I am ready to reuenge as I sware and made execration and when it séemes good to my companions to allowe the decrées I desire them to aide me At these plaine spéeches spoken agaynst the Senate an vprâ—are being made Antony waxed colde and recanted hys wordes It séemeth O Citizens saide hée that the things done haue not bin the worke of men â–ª but of Gods and that we ought to haue more consideration of the present than of the past bycause the thyngs to come â–ª maye bring vs to greater danger than these we haue if we shall returne to oure olde and waste the reste of the noble men that be in the Cittie Therfore let vs send thys holy one to the number of the blessed and sing to him his due hymne and mourning verse When
therfore they counselled him to go to Egipt a nation nygh of great dominion fertyl and aboundant of grayne money and nauye whose kings though they were children yet friends to him for his fathers sake and so for this cause he sayled into Egipt At this time Cleopatra being eiected out of the kingdome by hir brother with whom she shoulde ioyntly haue raigned prepared an army in Syria againste him Ptolomeus Cleopatras brother was at a place in Egipt called Cassium and did lye in campe to resist his sisters forces and as fortune wold Pompey was driueÌ„ thither When he perceiued an army aland he stayed his ship and thought as it was in déede that the king was there hée sent vnto him to shewe of the amity betwéene hys father and him The king was thirtéene yeare olde one Achillas did gouerne his army and Photinus and Cnuch was his Treasurer They beganne to consulte what was beste to be done wyth Pompey There wasâ—also Theodotus of Samos an Drator and Scholemaâ—ster to the king who dyd perswade the wicked acte to deceyue and kyâ— Pompey to gratifye Caesar This counsel preuayled they sent a simple boate as though the roughnesse of y Sea would not suffer a greater Some of the kings seruauntes wente into the beate and with them Semprouius a Romayne who had serued vnder Pompey and was nowe wyth the kyng He offered his hande in the kings name to Pompey and wylled hym to come as to his son and friende As this was done the army was set in order and drewe neare the sea as to honoure Pompey and the king was set in the midst in a purple vesture to be séene of all Pompey suspected all both the ordering of the army and the meanes of the vessel chiefly bycause the king came not toward him nor sent any of his noble men he spake a verse of Sophâ—cles VVho to a Tiranne goes His slaue he is though free he rose And then he entred that boate Euery man being silent in y passage he rather suspected and chiefly Sempronius eyther bycause he knew him to be a Romaine and hauing serued vnder hym or bycause he did coniecture it séeing him only staÌ„ding according to souldiours discipline who doe not set when the chiefe is by Then he turned to him and sayd surely I should know thée O Souldier He nodded at hym agayn and as he turned was the first that stroke him then the other His wife and friends séeing this a farre off cried and held vp their handes to the gods reuengers of friendshippe broken and sayled away streyght as from enimies lande They that were about Photino cut of Pompeis heade and kept it for Caesar as a great gratification but he worthily reuenged this wicked déed vpon them The rest of his body was buryed at the sea bancke and a silly Sepulchre was made to the which one wrote this Epitaph Lo here he lyeth in simple graue A Temple that deservde to haue In processe of tyme the graue was couered with sand and certaine Images of Brasse which the inhabitants did afterwarde set vp to Pompey vnder the Hil Cassius were taken away and layde vppe in a secrete place of a Temple In my tyme Adrianus the Romaine Emperour in hys iourney that way did cause it to be sought and found out and made the graue to be amended so as euery man might see it and erected the Images that were dedicated to Pompey This was the end of Pompey by whom so many great battayles had bene fought and the Romaine Empire so increased as he had the surname of Great neuer being ouercome before but from his youth still inuincible and happy and froÌ„ thrée and twenty to eight and fiftie yeares he ruled like a king but in opinion supposed to gouerne like a populare man for the emulation of Caesar Lucius Scipio Pompeis father in Lawe and all the other noble men that did escape the battayle fledde to Cato to Corcyra who was generall of another army and thrée hundred Gallies being left there as a prudent Counsellour The noblest of Pompeis friendes deuided the Nauye Cassius sayled to Pontus to Pharnaces to stirre him against Caesar Scipio and Cato wente into Libya trusting vppon Varus and his army and Iuba king of Numidia his confederate Pompey Pompeis eldest sonne and Labienus wyth him and Scapula hauing a part wente into Spaine to make it against Caesar and they got him another army of Iberians and Celtiberians and slaues to haue the preparation greater so mighty a power of Pompeis army was yet left which he by his infelicitie did abandon when he fled away â–ª They that were in Lybia did chose Cato for the general Captaine who for y presence of suche men as had bene Consuls and others that had bene Lieuetenaunts and he only a Pretor in Rome refused the same So L. Scipio was made general and a great army was gathered and trayned and these were the chiefest preparations in Libya and Iberia gathered against Caesar After the victorie Caesar aboade two dayes in Pharsalo sacrificing and recreatyng hys wearye armye and there made the Thessalians frée that had serued him and pardoned the Athenians at their sute vsing these wordes Howe often hath the glorie of your auncestours saued you wheÌ„ you haue deserued destruction The third day he remoued towarde the East following the fame of Pompeis flighte and for wante of Gallies sayled ouer Hellespont in little boates Cassius with his number of Gallies met him as he was going to Pharnaces and although he might with his Gallies haue had the aduantage of those little boates yet for feare of Caesars felicitie and valiantnesse he was amazed and suspecting that Caesar had come of purpose to finde him he helde vp his handes and came from his Gallies into the boates to aske hym pardoÌ„ and deliuer him all his Gallies So much force had the glorye of Caesars felicitie for I sée none other reason nor can iudge any other meane in so great difficultie of time to haue such fortune that he should so afray Cassius a valiaunt man comming vppon him with scauentâ—e Gallies vtterly vnprouided that he durste not medle with him For as cowardly as he did now yéeld vnto him vpoÌ„ the Sea so after did he as cruelly kyl him wheÌ„ he was Lord of all at Rome Wherefore it is euident that he was then ouerborne with the feare of his felicitie Caesar thus being saued against all hope and past Hellespont he pardoned the Ionians Aetolians and other nations that inhabite greate Cherroneso which by one name is called Asia y lower He forgaue them that sent embassadours to craue it Understanding that Pompey was gone to Egipt he went to the Rhodes where he would not tarry for the reste of his armye that was comming to him by parts but with the Gallies of Cassius and the Rhodes and such men as he presently hadde he
not accompted of Caesar for hys youth like to archieue any matter and remayned in Spayne He in companye wyth a fewe théeues roued on the Sea and was not knowen to be Pompeys sonne The number of the Roners increasing and hauing a good bande he confessed he was Pompeys chylde Wherefore all the remnant of hys fathers and brothers armye resorted to him as to a familiar Captayne Arabion béeyng dispeopled in Libya came vnto hym as wée haue sayde and hée hauyng thys multitude hys actes were estéemed greater than as of a Pyrate and Pompeys name sounded ouer all Spayne full of people so as the officers of Caesar durst not meddle wyth hym whyche when Caesar hearde he sente Carina wyth a greater armye to ouerthrowe Pompey But he béeyng armed for the lyghte attemptes suddaynely sette vppon hym and troubled hym and tooke Cities both small and greate for the whyche cause Caesar sente Abnius Pollio to succéede Carina and to warre with Pompey whyche at the time that Caesar was killed did trie their power after the which Pompey was reuoked of the Senate and then he went to Massilia to heare what was done who being chosen Admirall as his father he gathered all the Shippes he could get togither and kept the Seas but would not come to Rome And when the thrée mens power began he sayled into Sicelie and beseeged the Captayne Bythinicus that woulde not receyue him till Hirtius and Fannius condemned by proscription and fledde from Rome caused that place to be giuen to Pompey Thus Pompey was Lord of Sicelie hauing a Nauie and Iland nigh to Italy and a great army both of them he had before and also of them that fledde from Rome both bond and frée and such as the Cities of Italie sent him that were giuen in pray to the Souldioures for these did detest in theyr hearts the conquest of the thrée men and as much as they could secretly wrote against them And as many as might get out of the Countrey being nowe no more of their Countrey fledde to Pompey being at hande and most accepted to the Romaines of that time There came also to him Seamen from Libya and Iberia skylfull in the water in so muche as Pompey was full of Captaynes Shippes Souldioures and money Of the whyche when Caesar vnderstoode he sente Saluidienus with a Nauy thinking it to be an easie matter to put Pompey from the Sea and he passed through Italy to help Saluidienus from Reggio Pompey came againste Saluidienus with a greate nauie and making the fyghte hard at the shallowes of the I le aboute Scyleion Pompeys Shippes were lighter and excéeded in the promptnesse and experience of the skilfull Seamen The Romanes were heauyer and greater and the more vnfitte as the manner of the shallow Sea is to whirle aboute that the billowes breake on eyther side the water Pompeys were the lesse troubled for custome to the surgies but Saluidienus Shippes could neyther stand firme for lacke of that experience nor able to vse their â—ares nor hauing fitte sternes for to turne at will were sore troubled Wherfore towarde the Sunne sette Saluidienus first withdrew and Pompey also did the like The losse of shippes was equall The other that were brused and broken Saluidienus repayred lying at the port of that narow sea Balaron Caesar came and gaue greate fayth to the Reggians and Ipponeans that they should be exempt from them that were gyuen in victorie for he feared them most bycause they were so nigh that narow cut But when Antony sente for hym in haste he sayled to him to Brunduse hauyng on his lefte hand Sicelie entendyng then not to matche with Pompey Murcus when Caesar came that hée shoulde not be inclosed of Antony and him wente a little from Brunduse waytyng by the way the great shippes that carried the armie to Macedonia whiche were wayted of the Galleys the winde being great euen as they coulde wish They sayled away chéerefully without any néede of any Galleys whereat Murcus was grieued and wayted for their returne empty But they bothe then and after caried ouer the army with full sayle till all the army with Caesar and Antony were passed Murcus being thus hindred by fortune as he thought taried for other passages and preparations of new Souldiours from Italy to hinder as much as he coulde the prouisions and the army lefte and to him Domitius Oenobarbus one of Cassius Capitaynes came as to a seruice of great moment with fifty shippes one other legion and Archers that Caesars army not hable to be victualed otherwise sufficiently but from Italie it might as he thought be stopped from thence Thus they with one hundreth and twentie galleys and more shippes of burden with a great army did scoure those seas Ceditius and Norbanus whome Caesar and Antony sente with viij legions into Macedonia and from thence to Thracia went aboue the hilles a hundred and .xl. myles tyll they came beyonde Philip and tooke the streyghts of Torpido and Salapian the beginnyng of Rascopolinus lande and the onely knowen way betwene Europe and Asia and that was a let to Cassius army goyng from Castius to Abydus Rascopolis and Rascus were brethren of the bloud of the Thracian kings and being Princes of one region they differed in opinion Raseos fauoryng Antony and Rascopolis Cassius eyther of them hauyng thrée thousand horse Cassius Capitaynes askyng of the way â—â—sâ—â—polâ—â— sayde The shorte and playne way goeth from hence to Maronaea and leadeth to the streights of Salamina beyng possessed by the enimie is not to be passed There is another way thrice so muche aboute and harde to passe where the enimie can not goe for lacke of victuall from whence they might goe to Thracia and Macedonia When they hearde thys they wente by Aeno and Maronaea to Lysimachia and Cardia that receyue the strayght of Cherronesus as twoo gates and the nexte day they came to the gulfe of Mellana where they mustered their men They had ninetene legions of armed meÌ„ Brutus tenne and Cassius nine none full but with twoo thousande at the moste to bée filled so as they had about fourescore thousande The horsemen of Brutus were foure thousand Celtians and Lucitanians twoo thousande Parthenians Thessalians Thracians and Iâ—irians Cassius of Iberians and Celtians had twoo thousande of Arabians Medians and Parthians Archers on horsebacke foure thousande The Kings and Princes of the Galatians in Asia were their confederates and folowed them with a greate hoste of footemen and horsemen aboue fiue thousande This great armie of Brutus and Cassius was set in order at the gulfe of Melane with the whiche they procéeded to the warre appoyntyng other menne for other necessities They purged the army by Sacrifice accordyng to the manner and fulfilled promises made for money giuyng libecally to winne mennes hartes as they might well hauyng suche plenty of richesse bycause there were many that