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opinion_n augustine_n earth_n zone_n 9 3 11.8535 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A64730 Cosmography and geography in two parts, the first, containing the general and absolute part of cosmography and geography, being a translation from that eminent and much esteemed geographer Varenius : wherein are at large handled all such arts as are necessary to be understand for the true knowledge thereof : the second part, being a geographical description of all the world, taken from the notes and works of the famous Monsieur Sanson, late geographer to the French King : to which are added about an hundred cosmographical, geographical and hydrographical tables of several kingdoms and isles of the world, with their chief cities, seaports, bays, &c. drawn from the maps of the said Sanson : illustrated with maps. Sanson, Nicolas, 1600-1667.; Blome, Richard, d. 1705.; Varenius, Bernhardus, 1622-1650. Geographia generalis. English. 1682 (1682) Wing V103; ESTC R2087 1,110,349 935

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these_o be_v the_o three_o sort_n of_o property_n to_o be_v declare_v in_o special_a geography_n although_o those_o terrestrial_a property_n which_o make_v up_o the_o three_o rank_n be_v not_o so_o right_o refer_v to_o geography_n but_o we_o must_v yield_v somewhat_o to_o custom_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o learner_n we_o will_v beside_o these_o join_v many_o chapter_n to_o particular_a geography_n concern_v the_o practice_n of_o geography_n but_o in_o general_n geography_n which_o we_o will_v unfold_v in_o this_o book_n first_o the_o absolute_a property_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o constitution_n be_v consider_v last_o in_o the_o comparative_a part_n those_o thing_n shall_v be_v propose_v which_o be_v offer_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o compare_v one_o place_n with_o another_o the_o principle_n of_o geography_n the_o principle_n which_o geography_n use_v for_o the_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o her_o proposition_n be_v threefold_a 1._o geometrical_a arithmetical_a and_o 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merchandise_n or_o traffic_n 3._o virtue_n and_o vice_n the_o genius_n and_o erudition_n 4._o
aforesaid_a snellius_n make_v a_o hollandish_a mile_n to_o consist_v of_o 1500_o rhindlandish_a perch_n every_o perch_n be_v twelve_o foot_n long_o or_o to_o consist_v of_o 18000_o rhindlandish_a foot_n foot_n measure_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o division_n of_o a_o foot_n and_o these_o two_o measure_n to_o wit_n the_o perch_n and_o mile_n arise_v from_o the_o multiplication_n and_o aggregation_n of_o foot_n but_o the_o measure_n that_o arise_v from_o the_o division_n of_o a_o foot_n be_v a_o digit_fw-la or_o finger_n a_o palm_n or_o hand_n breadth_n and_o a_o grain_n a_o digit_fw-la be_v the_o twelve_o part_n of_o a_o foot_n a_o palm_n contain_v four_o digit_n and_o a_o grain_n be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o digit_fw-la but_o these_o be_v seldom_o use_v it_o be_v better_a to_o divide_v a_o foot_n into_o ten_o digit_n and_o then_o a_o digit_fw-la into_o ten_o grain_n and_o these_o measure_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o use_n of_o geography_n but_o there_o be_v other_o measure_n 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a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a parasange_n that_o be_v the_o persian_a mile_n be_v esteem_v to_o have_v contain_v 30_o stadium_n but_o it_o contain_v 3000_o persian_a pace_n schaenus_n the_o egyptian_a measure_n contain_v according_a to_o herodotus_n sixty_o stadium_n and_o according_a to_o pliny_n forty_o but_o peradventure_o the_o size_n thereof_o be_v divers_a according_a to_o the_o different_a place_n wherein_o it_o be_v use_v also_o either_o herodotus_n stadium_n differ_v from_o plinys_n or_o else_o their_o book_n be_v faulty_a the_o french_a league_n hold_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandlish_n mile_n as_o 25_o to_o 19_o or_o else_o as_o 60_o to_o 19_o the_o spanish_a league_n hold_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n as_o 17_o ½_n to_o 19_o but_o because_o in_o divers_a place_n both_o of_o france_n and_o spain_n a_o different_a greatness_n of_o a_o league_n be_v observe_v therefore_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o altogether_o certain_a the_o english_a mile_n hold_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n as_o 55_o to_o 19_o or_o else_o as_o 16_o to_o 19_o but_o the_o english_a have_v three_o sort_n of_o miles_n to_o wit_n the_o great_a of_o which_o 27_o ½_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o degree_n the_o mean_a of_o which_o 50_o make_v a_o degree_n and_o the_o least_o of_o which_o 60_o or_o 55_o mile_n make_v a_o degree_n the_o danish_a or_o swedish_n miles_n hold_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n as_o 10_o to_o 19_o but_o in_o some_o place_n the_o dane_n and_o swede_n use_v the_o ge●man_n mile_n the_o russian_a mile_n hold_v proportion_n with_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n as_o 80_o to_o 19_o the_o turkish_a mile_n or_o league_n be_v think_v to_o be_v equal_a with_o the_o italian_a mile_n insomuch_o that_o 60_o of_o they_o make_v a_o degree_n the_o arabian_a league_n former_o be_v the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o degree_n so_o that_o twenty_o five_o arabian_a league_n do_v equalise_v one_o degree_n or_o ninetee●●_n hollandish_a miles_n 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think_v be_v move_v thereto_o by_o certain_a place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n earth_n see_v lactantius_n in_o his_o 3d_o book_n chap._n 24._o and_o augustine_n in_o his_o 16_o book_n de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la chap._n 9_o the_o opinion_n of_o francis_n patric_n anaximander_n leucippus_n and_o other_o concern_v the_o earth_n either_o misinterpret_v or_o wrong_v understand_v this_o opinion_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n heraclitus_n although_o some_o man_n write_v that_o he_o attribute_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o shape_n of_o a_o boat_n or_o make_v hollow_a in_o the_o bottom_n furthermore_o of_o these_o of_o latter_a day_n francis_n patric_n no_o base_a philosopher_n do_v stiff_o maintain_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v extend_v on_o a_o plain_a foot_n peucer_n write_v that_o anaximander_n judge_v the_o form_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v like_o a_o rowling-pin_n but_o that_o be_v not_o likely_a see_v that_o he_o both_o assay_v the_o dimension_n or_o measure_v the_o earth_n and_o be_v skilful_a enough_o in_o astronomy_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o that_o age_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o at_o lacedaemon_n sit_v up_o and_o make_v heliotrope_n or_o sun-dial_n in_o which_o the_o top_n of_o the_o finger_n or_o stile_n of_o the_o dial_n with_o its_o shadow_n do_v mark_v out_o and_o show_v the_o day_n of_o the_o equinox_n and_o solstice_n 13._o see_v aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la ch_n 13._o leucippus_n be_v record_v to_o have_v think_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v shape_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o drum_n and_o there_o be_v other_o man_n which_o dare_v ascribe_v i_o know_v not_o what_o fond_a opinion_n to_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n but_o the_o true_a opinion_n maintain_v by_o almost_o all_o philosopher_n that_o be_v mathematician_n be_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o like_o a_o globe_n or_o sphere_n but_o the_o argument_n which_o
the_o air_n and_o a_o pressure_n towards_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o air_n be_v force_v to_o the_o sea_n endeavour_v to_o drive_v it_o from_o its_o place_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v fluid_a and_o not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o force_a air_n therefore_o it_o be_v move_v from_o its_o place_n towards_o the_o place_n of_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n and_o force_v another_o water_n and_o this_o another_o and_o so_o on_o now_o see_v that_o there_o be_v always_o some_o wind_n in_o the_o air_n sometime_o in_o this_o place_n and_o sometime_o in_o that_o and_o sometime_o diverse_a in_o divers_a place_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a contingent_a motion_n always_o in_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v more_o discernible_a in_o the_o part_n near_o the_o wind_n and_o therefore_o the_o rather_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o sea_n do_v most_o easy_o receive_v a_o impression_n because_o it_o be_v fluid_a proposition_n vii_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v twofold_a one_o continual_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o other_o compose_v of_o two_o contrary_a motion_n which_o be_v term_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o the_o sea_n at_o certain_a hour_n flow_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o in_o certain_a other_o flow_v back_o again_o we_o shall_v first_o treat_v of_o the_o first_o twofold_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n twofold_a that_o the_o sea_n move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n continual_o be_v chief_o prove_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_n for_o because_o the_o motion_n be_v more_o strong_a hence_o it_o be_v less_o hinder_v by_o other_o motion_n this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v manifest_o find_v by_o those_o that_o sail_n from_o india_n to_o madagascar_n and_o africa_n also_o in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n between_o new_a spain_n china_n and_o the_o moluccoe_n also_o in_o the_o ocean_n between_o africa_n and_o brasil_n so_o through_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n the_o sea_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n with_o a_o vehement_a motion_n so_o through_o the_o streights_n manillan_n through_o channel_n between_o the_o isle_n maldives_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n carry_v ship_n from_o the_o east_n the_o sea_n glide_v impetuous_o between_o cuba_n and_o jucatan_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n and_o flow_v out_o into_o cuba_n and_o florida_n at_o the_o gulf_n of_o paria_fw-la there_o be_v a_o violent_a influx_n so_o that_o that_o gulf_n be_v term_v os_fw-la draconis_fw-la the_o dragon_n mouth_n famous_a also_o be_v the_o flux_n at_o the_o land_n of_o canada_n from_o the_o tartarian_a ocean_n the_o sea_n move_v through_o the_o strait_n of_o nova_n zembla_n and_o waigat_n strait_n which_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o very_a motion_n itself_o and_o also_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o ice_n which_o the_o tartarian_a ocean_n cast_v up_o at_o the_o strait_n of_o zembla_n and_o at_o the_o northern_a shore_n of_o america_n in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n the_o motion_n be_v towards_o the_o straight_a anian_a also_o from_o japan_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v towards_o china_n so_o in_o the_o straight_a manillan_n the_o motion_n be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n so_o also_o in_o the_o straight_a java_n and_o when_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n the_o contrary_a be_v find_v in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n for_o this_o be_v move_v from_o the_o shore_n which_o be_v the_o most_o conspicuous_a at_o cabo_n dez_fw-fr correntes_fw-la between_o panama_n and_o lima._n proposition_n viii_o the_o wind_n oftentimes_o change_v the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n especial_o those_o fix_a wind_n which_o we_o shall_v show_v to_o be_v term_v motion_n in_o the_o xxi_o chap._n wind_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n ofttimes_o change_v by_o the_o wind_n for_o because_o that_o most_o of_o these_o do_v blow_n from_o the_o south_n and_o north_n or_o from_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o these_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o general_a motion_n tend_v towards_o the_o west_n it_o move_v towards_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o west_n viz._n northwest_n or_o south-west_n yea_o the_o general_a wind_n when_o that_o it_o seldom_o blow_v from_o the_o east_n but_o most_o common_o from_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o east_n change_v this_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n much_o more_o do_v the_o north_n wind_n in_o the_o northern_a sea_n where_o the_o general_a motion_n be_v little_a discernible_a in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n proposition_n ix_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n be_v uncertain_a west_n the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n and_o copernicus_n concern_v the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o aristotelian_o suppose_v although_o it_o be_v unknown_a unto_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n and_o indeed_o to_o all_o the_o european_a philosopher_n before_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o portugal_n through_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n that_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o prime_a motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o be_v not_o only_o common_a to_o all_o the_o star_n but_o also_o to_o the_o air_n in_o part_n and_o to_o the_o ocean_n by_o which_o all_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o some_o that_o follow_v copernicus_n as_o kepler_n although_o they_o also_o acknowledge_v the_o moon_n also_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n yet_o they_o determine_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v unto_o this_o motion_n viz._n they_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o continuous_a but_o only_o contiguous_a unto_o the_o earth_n can_v follow_v the_o circumrotation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o resist_v it_o towards_o the_o west_n whilst_o the_o earth_n withdraw_v itself_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o sea_n move_v not_o from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o another_o but_o that_o the_o earth_n leave_v part_n of_o the_o water_n one_o after_o another_o othersome_a who_o be_v not_o please_v neither_o with_o the_o solution_n of_o aristotle_n nor_o copernicus_n have_v recourse_n unto_o the_o moon_n will_v have_v she_o to_o be_v empress_n of_o the_o water_n and_o that_o she_o lead_v about_o with_o she_o and_o draw_v the_o ocean_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v how_o they_o reply_n there_o be_v a_o occult_a faculty_n influence_n sympathy_n vicinity_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o such_o like_a indeed_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o causer_n of_o this_o motion_n by_o reason_n that_o in_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n this_o motion_n be_v more_o violent_a than_o in_o the_o quarter_n where_o the_o motion_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o little_a the_o most_o acute_a cartesius_n have_v explain_v a_o mathematical_a mode_n by_o which_o the_o moon_n cause_v both_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o air_n for_o he_o suppose_v according_a to_o his_o general_a hypothesis_n that_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o atom_n do_v move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o the_o space_n even_o unto_o the_o moon_n be_v fill_v without_o any_o vacuum_n which_o space_n he_o call_v the_o vortex_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n let_v the_o earth_n be_v fegh_n the_o water_n 2143_o the_o air_n 6587._o the_o vortex_n of_o the_o earth_n b_o a_o d_o c_o the_o moon_n b._n therefore_o say_v he_o if_o that_o there_o be_v no_o moon_n in_o the_o vortex_n b_o a_o d_o c_o the_o particle_n of_o its_o vortex_n will_v be_v turn_v round_o about_o the_o centre_n t_o but_o because_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o it_o therefore_o the_o space_n through_o which_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o be_v render_v more_o angust_n and_o thence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v there_o more_o quick_a between_o b_o and_o t_n and_o therefore_o more_o press_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o air_n in_o 6_o and_o also_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n in_o 2._o then_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o in_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o vortex_n b_o d_o and_o see_v that_o both_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n be_v fluid_a and_o easy_o pliant_a to_o this_o pression_n it_o must_v not_o be_v so_o high_a above_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n f_o as_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o the_o diameter_n b_o d._n and_o on_o the_o contrary_n must_v be_v more_o high_a towards_o e._n but_o whilst_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v from_o e_o through_o f_o towards_o g_z or_o from_o the_o