Selected quad for the lemma: opinion_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
opinion_n	ancient_n	heat_n	zone_n	25	3	12.8900	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53222	America : being the latest, and most accurate description of the new vvorld containing the original of the inhabitants, and the remarkable voyages thither, the conquest of the vast empires of Mexico and Peru and other large provinces and territories : with the several European plantations in those parts : also their cities, fortresses, towns, temples, mountains, and rivers : their habits, customs, manners, and religions, their plants, beasts, birds, and serpents : with an appendix containing, besides several other considerable additions, a brief survey of what hath been discover'd of the unknown south-land and the arctick region : collected from most authentick authors, augmented with later observations, and adorn'd with maps and sculptures / by John Ogilby ...	Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683. Nieuwe en onbekende weereld.	1671 (1671)	Wing O165; ESTC R16958	774,956	643

know not where another Here also is added by St. Jerom Hieron in c. 2. Ephes what an antient Writer saith Great care hath been taken in Computing the Age of this World and if there be another which Commenc'd not with ours as Clemens mentions in his Epistles where are scituate those Seas and Lands that make that second World Or is it a part of that in which Adam was Created Or may it not rather Metaphorically be taken for Worldly Affairs govern'd by the Prince of the Air ruling in the Hearts of the Children of Disobedience The Antients opinion of an unknown world But Pliny Cicero and Virgil the best in their kind of Latin Writers concur That there may be a habitable World under our Horizon in the temperate Southern Zone beyond the extream heat and on this side of the Antartick colds But what signifies all this to the Discovery of America which lies not onely under the scorching Heats of the Equinox but under the Frosts and Snows of the Artick and Antartick-Poles In Comment super Obad. v. 19 20 21. And they of the south shall possess the mount of Esau and they of the plain the Philistines and they shall possess the fields of Epharim and the fields of Samaria and Benjamin shall possess Gilead And the captivity of this host of the children of Israel shall possess that of the Canaanites even unto Zarepath and the captivity of Jerusalem which is in Sepharad shall possess the Cities of the south And saviors shall come upon mount Zion to judge the mount of Esau and the kingdom shall be the LORDS If America is known in the Scripture Yet less probable is that which Lodowick Leo an Augustine Frier takes out of Obadiah as if that Prophet in the three last Verses of his Prophecy should speak of the Spaniards which should not onely discover and Conquer America but also Convert the Inhabitants to the Christian Faith because those that are in Sepharad should Inherit and Possess the Cities of the South And Saviours shall arise from the Mountains of Zion to judge the Mount and Wealth of Esau But certainly Obadiah meant no other than the Restauration of the Jews from the Captivity of Babylon who after their return should grow more powerful than ever and they led by their Messias obtain the height of all felicity who would send his Evangelists and Apostles to declare Salvation to the utmost Borders of the Earth It is true that the Rabins Expound Sepharad to be Spain and therefore he concludes that Obadiah Prophesi'd of the Spaniard and their Conquests in America so they would prove that America was long known before Christ And lastly It signifies as little what Pineda and Levinus Lemnius drive at That Solomon first finding the use of the Compass Solomon's Fleet sail'd not to Peru. Rigg'd a Navy at Ezion-Geber which from the Red-Sea had no indirect Course to the Straights of Magellan from whence he might Lade his Vessels with the Gold of Peru. In whose Description it shall be manifested that Peru is not Ophir as some without any shew of Reason or Truth would make us believe Solomon did not find the Compass But as concerning King Solomon's finding out the use of the Magnet it is soon said but not easily prov'd for though that Prince exceeded all Man-kind in Wisdom and Learning and was perfect in the Operations and knew the Occultest Secrets of Nature understanding what e're belong'd to Plants from the Cedar of Libanus to Hysop and the meanest Shrub that grows upon the Wall yet it nothing makes out that he knew the Mystery of the Navigable use of the Load-Stone But suppose he did know there is no where any mention of it and if this excellent thing the Compass had been found in Solomon's time how came it afterwards so utterly to be lost Albertus Magnus mistakes when he ascribes the knowledge of the Compass to Aristotle of which he himself makes not the least mention neither Galen Alexander Aphrodisiensis Pliny Lucretius nor any of the Roman Greek Arabian or other Countrey Writers whatsoever Load-stone by whom found Some give the honor thereof to an Indian others to a Shepherd in Mount Ida whose Clouted Shooes being full of Hob-Nails the Iron sticking fast to the Stones on which he stood stopt his motion And although the Antients found but many Secrets of Nature amongst which this of the Load-Stone Attracing Iron as being its proper Food and the three sorts of the Magnet of which some will not draw Steel found by Theamedes a Greek Author and other since well known Properties Yet they never attain'd that knowledge that the Load-Stone would ease Pain Strange operations of the Loadstone and stop the effusion of Blood though the edge piercing the Skin open'd the Vein as Hieronimus Cardanus experienc'd on himself and others De subtilitate l. 7. which he had from Laurentius Guascus a great Chyrurgeon Much less that the Needle of the Compass being touch'd by the Load-Stone on the Northside of the Equinox respects the North but depressing the Artick and raising the Antartick Pole it looks as stedfastly towards the South But far less dreamt they of its several variations Variance of the Compass according to the Coasts that are nearest as when you come from the Island del Cuervo the Point varies more West but Sailing towards the Equinox it varies Eastward by which we may absolutely conclude that without this use of the Load-Stone first found by Flavius Melvius a Neapolitan Genebrad Chron. in the Year 1303. it was altogether impossible to reach America So that Joseph de Acosta mistakes When and by whom the Compass was found who gives the honor of the finding so great a benefit to Navigation to some Mahumetan Sea-men which Vasques de Gama met with near Mosambique who had Sail'd those Seas by the use thereof whereas Gama's Expedition was above a hundred years after Melfius who liv'd in such a juncture of time for Mathematical Learning that few Ages boasted the like For then flourish'd in England and were Contemporaries besides others abroad Richard Wallingford Nicolas de Lynna John Halifax Walter Britte John Duns and John de Lignarijs all eminent in Astronomical Arts belonging to Navigation and doubtless no small helps to Melfius in this his happy Invention Lastly We will relate what hath been held as a seeming Testimony that America was known to the Europeans before the Birth of our Saviour by an antique Meddal of the Emperor Augustus digg'd out of the Ground in Peru and sent to his Holiness at Rome which may well be reckon'd with the like Cheat contriv'd by Hermicus Cajadus Anno 1505. near Syntra a Town in Portugal where three Marbles Ingraven with antient Characters concerning a Prophecy of discovering the East-Indies by the Portuguese in the Reign of King Emanuel were privately bury'd under Ground and not long after by a pretended accident digg'd out which made

the Prince of Latin Poets Aeneid lib. 6. had known the New-World in these Verses Aeneid lib. 6. There there 's the Prince oft promis'd us before Divine Augustus Caesar who once more Shall Golden Days bring to th' Ausonian Land Kingdoms that once old Saturn did command And shall His power to India extend Beyond the Annual Circle and beyond The Sun 's long Progress where great Atlas bears Laden with Golden Stars the glittering Sphears Hic vir hic est tibi quem promitti saepius audis Augustus Caesar divûm genus aurea condet Saecula qui rursus Latio regnata per arva Saturno quondam super Garamantas Indos Proferet imperium Jacet extra sidera tellus Extra anni Solisque vias ubi coelifer Atlas Axem humero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum America was not known to the Ancients But what of all this Who finds in any of these Writings any Marks of America or the least Description thereof Though we cannot deny that the Antient Sages and Wise Philosophers of former times might easily make out and no question did that the Earth and Sea made the perfect Figure of a Globe first from the round Shadow of the Earth that Ecclipses the Moon the different Risings and Settings of the Celestial Luminaries and the still Variation of the Pole so that the Earth and Sea making one Ball they might easily conjecture that the South-side of the Equinoctial might be Inhabited as well as the North But all this was more grounded upon Natural Reason and Right Judgement than any Experience of theirs or the least certain knowledge thereof which since these later times had the first happiness to obtain so laying these Conjectures aside there have been none more grosly erroneous and so utterly mistaken in this Point than some of the Ancients and especially the Fathers of the Church Lactantius Firmianus Lactant. l. 3. c. 24. and St. Austin who strangely jear'd at as ridiculous and not thinking fit for a Serious Answer the Foolish Opinion of Antipodes or another Habitable World beyond the Equator At which Lactantius Drolling says What Forsooth here is a fine Opinion broach'd indeed an Antipodes heigh-day People whose Feet tread with ours and walk Foot to Foot with us their Heads downwards and yet drop not into the Sky There yes very likely the Trees loaden with Fruit grow downwards and it Rains Hails and Snows upwards the Roofs and Spires of Cities tops of Mountains point at the Sky beneath them and the Rivers revers'd topsi-turvy ready to flow into the Air out of their Channels Lactant. error concerning our Antipodes But these seeming witty Observations of Lactantius though they may serve for a Jest yet are not grounded on any serious Reasons for the Earth and Sea being Globular making one Universal Ball all Materials whatsoever that belong to this great Body sink by a natural Propensity towards its Center so that where-ever we Travel our Feet are downwards and our Heads upwards the Sky above and the Earth beneath neither need they fear that any where the Earth should Moulder and drop into the Clouds As also St. Austin de Civit Del l. 16. c. 9. But St. Austin Reasons better admitting that the Earth and Sea make a Universal Globe yet it no way follows that inhabited Countreys should lye opposite to our Northern nay altogether impossible seeing that side which is our Antipodes is all nothing but Sea and should we allow that there were Land and Water mixt as ours is who could prove that they were Peopled or how could any get thither over such Vast and Immense Seas or possibly pass the extream heat of the Torrid Zone not to be endur'd by any living Creature And what then becomes of Sacred Scripture which says positively That all Men were deriv'd from Adam and after the Floud from Noah and his three Sons Therefore the Nations of the Antipodes must be of another Abstract there being no possibility as they suppos'd of passing from this World to that But since the Discovery of the East and West-Indies Experience the best Mistress hath taught that in the South are mighty Lands and vast Territories and that as far as they have been Penetrated are found to be full of People extending their Dominions from East to West And though St. Austin deny'd this now well-known Truth yet long before his time Cicero Pliny and others amongst the Greeks and Romans divided the Earth under five Zones which Virgil describes thus Five Zones the heav'ns infold hot Sun-beams beat Always on one and burns with raging heat The two Extreams to this on each hand lies Muffled with Storms fetter'd with cruel Ice 'Twixt Cold and Heat two more there are th'aboads Assign'd poor Mortals by th' Immortal Gods Quinque tenent caelum zonae quarum una corusco Semper Sole rubens torrida semper ab igni Quam circum extremae dextra laevaque trahuntur Caerulea glacie concretae atque imbribus atris Has inter mediamque duae mortalibus aegris Munere concessae divum via secta per ambas Obliquus qua se signorum verteret ordo Marcob in Somnio Scipionis l. 2. c. 5. Vide Carpent Geograph With Virgil Pliny and the Prince of Latin Orators agree who saith You see that those that inhabit the Earth dwell in Countreys so separated one from another that it is impossible they should have any Commerce some of them are our Antipodes walking with their Heads downwards some their Feet against our sides others as we with their Heads upright You see how the same Earth seems to be Swath'd about with Rolls of which two separated by the other three are at utmost distance one from the other lying equi-distant under the Vertick Points of Heaven always cover'd with Snow and Ice but the middlemost and greatest is scorch'd by the violent heats of the Sun Two Tracts are Habitable one to the South our Antipodes the other North which we Inhabit And Pliny also affirms Pliny lib. 2. though against the Vulgar Opinion this truth That the Earth is round about inhabited and that people walk Foot to Foot in most parts thereof though every one be ready to ask why our Antipodes drop not into the Sky which question our Antipodes may also ask concerning us But although the Ancients upon these and the like Demonstrations well understood that there was a Habitable World towards the South under our Horizon yet they could not make out or believe that there was any possibility to pass thither And according as St. Austin conceiv'd That the Earth produc'd nothing under either Pole by reason of excessive cold and that the Equinoxs or Middle-Zone was not to be penetrated because of the insufferable heat Macrob. in Somno Scip. lib. 2. And Macrobius saith That the Equinoctial Circle the Artick and Antartick Lines bind the two Habitable Zones and make Temperate by the excessive Neighboring Heats and Colds and

to the Sea thereabouts Not having the use of the Mariners Compass he made use of Ravens for the steering of his Course and having sent forth two without success by the guidance of the third he had sight of the Eastern side of the Island and Steering Southward he found a very wide Bay between the Promontories Renkanes and Snaefesness which Bay from Faxa a Scottish Mariner that accompany'd him he nam'd Faxaos that is The Mouth of Faxa though from its many Havens it came afterwards to be term'd Hafnafiordur Sailing along the West side of the Island he entred the Bay Bredafiord and took up his Quarters at Watnesfiordur a Haven in the Province Bardostraund for by these Names these Places came afterwards to be known Having stay'd here two Winters he return'd back into Norway and is said to have been the first that gave this Countrey the Name of Iseland from the great quantities of Ice which fill'd the Seas thereabouts he also gave it the Name of Rafnaftock from the Ravens which serv'd him in stead of a Compass A Plantation setled in Ise by Ingulphus and Hiorleifus The last and most considerable Adventurer was Ingulfus the Son of Orn Duke of Fyrdafilace in Norway who together with his Cousin Hiorleifus that Marry'd his Sister Helca being adjudg'd to Banishment by Halsten to the Award of whose Judgment they had submitted themselves upon the slaughter of his two Brethren Holmsten and Hersten these three Brethren were the Sons of Atlas one of the prime Noblemen of Norway in a Quarrel wherein Halsten was chosen Umpire and also detesting the Tyranny of Haraldus Pulchricomus King of Norway went over Gonfaloniere or chief Leader of a great Colony of People whom he rais'd for the setling of a Plantation in some foreign Countrey Accompany'd with his Cousin Hiorleifus he took Shipping for Iseland in the Year of our Lord 854. having been over to visit it about four years before he Landed at a Promontory on the South Shore which from him took the Name of Ingulfholde and Reicharwick setled his Habitation while Hiorleifus seated himself at the Promontory by him call'd Hiorleifholda where he built two very large Houses each being about a hundred and thirty Foot long then he set himself to Manure and Till the Ground employing in that Work ten Slaves whom he brought with him for that purpose out of Norway but it was not long ere they traiterously set upon him and slew him by an Ambuscade which they had laid for him after which they betook themselves to certain little Isles which were nam'd Westmafyar where before they had well nestled themselves the whole Race of them were rooted out by Ingulphus in revenge of his Kinsman's Death After this the Island grew daily more and more populous by the coming over of new Families from Norway so that at this day it is a Place not the least considerable belonging to the Kings of Denmark The ancient Inhabitants of this Place for it is to be suppos'd that there were People here before the coming over of Ingulfus were call'd Papae or Pappae and the East side of the Island Papey which agrees very well with the Names of two little Islands on the Coast of Scotland Pappa and Westrepappa from which many conjecture as also from several Crosses and Bells found upon the Place that there hath been in former Ages a resort of the Irish and of the People of the North-West parts of Scotland The Division of Iseland The Eastern bound of Iseland is call'd Austurborn the Western Randesandur the Northern Langanes and the Southern Reicranes The Island being divided according to the four Quarters of the World North-Island is sever'd from East-Island by the aforesaid Promontory of Langanes from West-Island by Rutafiordur Bay from South-Island by vast and unpassable Desarts Between South-Island and East-Island runneth the River Jocolsu through the Desarts of Solseimasande Between South-Island and West-Island a famous River nam'd Albis which emptieth it self into the Bay of Bargarfiord Schetland the Thule of the Ancients 'T is a vulgar Opinion that this Island is the same which the Ancients call'd Thule but upon consideration it will appear that by the Ultima Thule taken notice of by Virgil Claudian Statius Pythias Massiliensis Pliny Seneca Solinus Tacitus and others is meant one of the British Isles amongst which were comprehended the Isles on the North of Scotland as the Orcades and some others the utmost of which we call Schetland and is very probable to be this Ultima Thule of the Ancients Nova Zembla when first discover'd Nova Zembla lying under seventy six Degrees of Northern Latitude and a hundred and twelve Degrees and twenty five Minutes of Longitude and being reckon'd above two hundred Miles in length was together with the River Puora and Straights of Weygats discover'd and as it is thought first of all by Stephen Burrough who was sent out by the Muscovia Company in the Year 1556. to find out a Way to Cathay by the North-East Afterwards one Oliver Burel a Dutch-man mov'd with the hope of Gain went from Enkhuissen to Pecora where having first discover'd Costinfarca in Nova Zembla he lost all by Shipwrack The States-General nothing discourag'd with the little success of these two Voyagers sent forth two Ships under the Command of Hugo Linschot to the Straights of Weygats and two others under William Barrents who were to go directly Northwards for Nova Zembla Linschot went fifty Miles beyond the Straights but the Northerly Winds and late Season of the year forc'd him to hasten back with all possible speed William Barents and his Company were necessitated in the Year 1596. being not able to get off in regard the Ice increas'd upon them more and more to take up their Winter Quarters there in a Cottage which they made a shift to cast up for their present necessity having much ado to defend themselves against the Bears that continually assaulted them D●scription of the Countrey This Countrey is generally deliver'd to be a barren and desart Countrey full of Wood indeed but the Boughs as bare of Leaves as the Ground of Grass also very incommodious to be travell'd through by reason of its desartness and the danger of Bears great fierce Foxes and such like ravenous Beasts which feed onely upon Flesh and which are the onely Beasts this Countrey harbors In a Journal of Mr. Henry Hudson there is to be found a much more favorable Description of the Countrey Generally saith he the Land of Nova Zembla that we have seen is to a Man's Eye a pleasant Land much Main High-land with no Snow on it looking in some places green and Deer feeding thereon and the Hills partly cover'd with Snow and partly bare It should seem to have beery a receiv'd Opinion from the first Discovery of Nova Zembla that it was inhabited by Pygmies it being several times in the Journals of some Voyages mention'd particularly by the Name of