Selected quad for the lemma: opinion_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
opinion_n	air_n	philosopher_n	zone_n	14	3	12.5523	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13665	The new found vvorlde, or Antarctike wherin is contained wo[n]derful and strange things, as well of humaine creatures, as beastes, fishes, foules, and serpents, trées, plants, mines of golde and siluer: garnished with many learned aucthorities, trauailed and written in the French tong, by that excellent learned man, master Andrevve Theuet. And now newly translated into Englishe, wherein is reformed the errours of the auncient cosmographers.; Singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommée Amérique. English	Thevet, André, 1502-1590.; Hacket, Thomas, fl. 1560-1590.	1568 (1568)	STC 23950; ESTC S111418	200,763	298

of the shels of Torterels A historie of a Portingal gentleman A Portingall healed of the Leprosie Orselie a herbe The Ile of fire and why it was so named The Hill Pusola Lib. 2. cap. 106. The spreading of Ethiopia Senega floud in times past named Nigritis The description of Ethiopia Miroa an Ilande The realme of Etabecke and Ickthiophages The loue of the Anthropophages towards their King Meroa the chief towne of Ethiopia aunciently named Saba Why the Ethiopians and other are black Indians and Ethiopians vse Magique The Inhabitants of Ginney to the Cape of good hope are all Idolaters Castor and Pollux called the bright starres and lanternes of the sea The maners and order of liuing of those of Ginney The aire of Ginney is vnholesome Maniguetta a fruit much estemed among spices The trade of Iuorie Eliphāt a beast approching to humain reson A riuer or flud bearing Mines of golde and siluer Cania and Rhegium riuers Two sea mōsters like to man and wife The description of the Equinoctiall line From whence commeth the name Equinoctiall The temperatenesse of the aire vnder the Equinoctiall line The Ile of S. Omer or of S. Thomas Abundance of diuers fishes vnder the lyne The sea water is sweet vnder the Equinoctiall Man hath great desire to knewe and se things The opinion of many Philosophers that say all the world is not inhabited Fiue Zones by the which the worlde is measured The cold zone The temperat Zone Zone Torida Another temperat zone Another colde zone The zone Torida and hills Hyperbores are inhabited The zone Torida more cōmodious and wholesom thā the others Marsouin and why it is so named A foūtaine that sheweth fish lyke golde Aristotle and Plinie of the Dorade Lib. 6. cap. 16. The descriptiō of the Dorade Dorade the fish hath bene greatly estemed in tymes paste among the Romaines Among these Dorades those were most set by that were brought from Tarenta being made fat at the lake Licryn as witnesseth Martiall in the thirde boke of his Epigrams The Ile of the Ascention an why it was s named Diuers kinds of strāge birds and in great number Aponars birdes Caape of good hast Ile of Aponards and why it is so named The Ile of thascention not yet inhabited as many others India Meridionall Caape of good hope why it is called Lyon of the sea Rhinoceros or beasts of Ethiopia The spreading of East India Sea Indique A signe to the Nauigants that they drewe neere to America The hills of Croistmourō Maqueh Caape de Fria Gekan The maner of these Barbaroꝰ men is to eate their enimies The fruitfulnesse of the Ile of S. Laurence Chicorin a fruit that we name nuts of India The Ile of Prince Seuen sortes of Palme trees in the Indies of America Spagnin a kind of herbe Pa a straunge birde The Asse of India Orix Gray Amber very cordiall Caape Defria Cahonin a drinke in America The superstition of these Indians in making this drinke A Riuer of salt water Birdes with diuers coloured fethers A gown made of fethers brought from America Arat a red bird Ganabara so called bicause of the likenesse to the lake Manihot a rote that the wilde men vse to eate A pleasant and comfortable Iland in the which the Lord of Villegagnon fortified him selfe A rocke from whence procedeth a lake Oysters hauing pearles The maner of these wild mē to take fish Panapana a kinde of fish A kinde of thornebacke Ineuonea Trees bering oysters America not known of the Cosmographers in times past Americus Vespucia did first finde out America The lying of America What the inhabitants of America are America is a very fruitfull countrey What parte of America is inhabited by the Spaniards and Portingals The Religion of the Americans Toupan Hetich rootes Charaiba America first discouered in the yere 1497 The Canibals are a people that liue with humaine flesh HoWe these Americās liue Adamians a kinde of heretikes that maintained nakednesse The opiniō of the Turlupins and the Philosophers of Ciniques cōcerning nakednesse Iulius Ca●●● did weare a cap against the order of the Romaines The stature and naturall coloure of the Americanes The wilde me liue without lawes The Americanes detest and abhorre salte meates The Lezard of America How these Americans kepe silence at their meat Auaty a drink The more delicate a man is nourished the lesse strength he hath A kinde of herbe that cutteth like steele A monstrous forme of a childe couered with scales Abantes a people in Asia The maner of the Athenians Genipat a tree and the fruite The maner how to make colour of this tree Genipat The maner of these wild mē to colour their bodies Vsub a kinde of Gumme An other tree named Genipat Petun an herb and howe it is vsed A fountaine at Lyncestis and his propertie The discription of a tre named Paquouere Pacoua the fruit A dead Cocodrill Iacareabson A stone of the coloure of an Emerauld Why the Americanes are tormented of wicked sprites Aguan a euill sprite in their language Grigri The opinion of the wilde men as touching their naturall dreames Pages Prophets Pages or Charaibes What these pages and Charaibes are and of their deceit The ceremonies of these Prophetes to cal vpon the wicked spirit What the intorrogations are that they make to the wicked spirit Houioulsira Two kindes of Magike Against those that beleue sorceries and witchcraftes Thurgia a dānable Magike Zabulus Which is the right Magike What Magus in the Persian tōg signifieth Zalmoxis Zorastria Cherepicouare The opinion of the wilde men on the immortalitie of the soule Pindahouson a King in the wilde coūtrey This Toupan is to be vnderstanded the almighty God The superstition of the wilde men Hairi a tree Hornebeame a tree The buckler that they vse The cause why the wilde men fight one against another The wilde mē obstinate and couragious The custome of the Americans is to eate their enimies A prouerbe The inhabitants of Morpion are enimies to those of Ianaria Almadies made of the barcke of a tree The superstition of the men in taking of the barks of the trees A foolish opinion of the wild men and of the Turkes and Moores Drummes Flutes other Instrumentes do stir vp the spirites How they intreate their prisoners The wilde men feare not death How the women and maiden prisoners are intreated Cerimonies against the execution of their prisoners Cahouin a drinke The Canibals are mortall enimies to the Spanyardes Vengeance is defended to Christians A history of a Portingall being prisoner to the wildemen The faithfulnesse of the wilde men but not to Christians How they of America do marry The deflouring of maids before they be maried A defēce made by the Lord of Villegagnon that the Frēch men shold not acquaint them selues wyth the wilde women The auncient custome of the Lydians Armenians and the inhabitants of Cypris The wyld mē haue many wiues The maner of the wilde men to burye the dead

these Ilāds of Canaries And the cause why it is there better gathered desired is for that the Ilāds in the sea Meditareum on the cost of gréeke lād as Metelin Rhodes other places bearing good suger before the Turke had the dominiō of them haue ben spoyled by negligence or otherwise And in all the countrey of Leuant I haue sene no suger made but in Egypt y e canes y t beare it growe on the brinke of Nyll the which also is greatly estemed of the people of the marchants y t trade thether as much rather more than Canarie Suger The elders before vs estemed greately the Suger of Arabia for that it was maruellous harty and pleasant specially for medicine to the which vse they did put it to little other But now adayes voluptuousnesse is so incresed specially in our Europe that there cannot be neuer so little a banket made after our maner of liuing but that euery sause must be sugered and also our meates and drinkes The which thing was defended to the Athenians by their lawes as a thing that did effeminate the people the which the Lacedemonians haue folowed by example But of a trueth the great Lordes of Turkie drinke sugered waters for bicause that wine is defended them by their lawe As touching the wine that was inuented by the greate Phisition Hyppocrates it was onely permitted to sicke folke and vnable but at this day it is so common with vs as it is scarce in other countreys So much haue we spoken by the way on the talke of suger let vs nowe returne to our mater As for corne there is sufficient in these Ilands also of very good wine better than the wine of Candia where as they make Malmesies as we will declare intreating of the Ilands of Madera Of flesh also there is sufficient as wilde and tame goates birds of all kindes greate quantitie Oranges Citrons Lemonds Pomegranads and other fruites Palmes and greate quantitie of good Hony There is also about the riuers and floudes little trées named Paper and in the sayd riuers and floudes there are fishes named Silures the which Paulus Iouius in his booke of fishes thinketh to be Sturgion of the which the poore slaues féede on sweating for trauell almost breathlesse and oftentymes they féede thereon for wante of other meate And thus much I will say by the way that they are very hardly intreated of the Spaniards specially of the Portingals yea worsse than of the Turkes or Arabians And I am constrayned to speake thereof for that I haue sene it my selfe Among other things there is found an herb against the hils sides commonly called Oriselia the which they gather with greate diligēce for to dye colour Furthermore they make a kinde of blacke gumme the which they name Bre of the which there is greate abundāce in Tenerif They take thornes of y t which there is great quantitie and breake them and lay them by pece one vpon another like crosses and vnder eche heape there is a little hole of no great depth and then they set fire on this woodē almost at the very top and then it rendereth his gumme that falleth into this hole Others do make it with lesse labor for the hole being made they set fier on y e trée this gumme bringeth them great profit in their trade that they make to Perou of the which they vse to calke ships and other vessels for the sea putting it to no other vse As touching the harte of this trée being somewhat red the poore people that dwel on the hils and moūtaynes cut it by long stickes of the length of halfe a fadome as greate as our thumbe and lighting it at one ende it serueth in stede of a cādel Also the Spaniards vse it after this manner Of the high mountaines of Pike properly called Pikehill Cap. 6. IN one of these Ilands named Tenerif there is a Hil of so wonderful a highth that the mountaynes of Armenia of Persia Tartaria neither the Hyll Lybem in Syria the mounte Ida Athos nor yet the mounte Olympus so much celebrat by the Historiographers ought not to be cōpared to this Hil the which containeth in circuite at the leaste twenty miles from the foote to the top 54. miles This moūtaine or Hil is named Pike at al times snowy mysty and ful of great and cold vapors and also of snow although that it is not easily sene to my iudgement for bicause that it extendeth to the lower Region of the Aire the which is very colde as Philosophers and Astronomers holde opinion so that the snow cannot melt bicause that in that place the Sunne cannot cast hir beames and therefore the superior or vpper part remayneth alwayes colde This mountayne or Hill is so high that if the ayre be cleare it may be sene fiftie Leagues on the water and more the top and the bottome of this hill though one be néere or farre of is made in maner of this Gréeke figure Ω the which signifieth Omega I haue also sene the Hill called Ethna .30 Leagues and on the sea néere to Cypris I haue sene a certayne mountayne of Armenia fiftie Leagues of though I haue not the eye sight so good as Linxius who from the Promontorie of Lylibie in Cicilie did discerne and sée the ships in the porte of Carthage I am sure that some will thinke this strange esteming that a mans eye coulde in no wise sée nor discerne so far of but neuerthelesse this is most true in plainnesse but not in height The Spaniards haue diuers tymes assayed to sounde the height of this hyll and for to doe it they haue many tymes sent a certayne number of people with mulles bearing bread wine other munitions but they neuer returne againe as I haue ben crediblie informed of those that haue dwelled there ten yeres And therefore they holde opinion that in the sayd hill as wel on the toppe as on the circuite there are some reste or remnant of these wilde Canarians that thither are retired and kepe the sayde hyll liuing with Rootes and with wilde beastes the which kill and slaye those that presume to get vp the hill to discouer the toppe thereof Also of this Ptolomeus hath had knowledge saying that beyond the Columnes or pillers of Hercules In a certain Ile there is a hil of a maruellous and wonderful height and therefore towarde the toppe it is alwayes couered with Snowe from the sayde hille there falleth greate aboundance of water that watereth all the Ilande the which maketh it very fruitfull of Canes Sugers and other thinges And there is no other water than that which commeth from that hill otherwise the countreys that are vnder the tropike of Cancer wold remayne barren bicause of the excessiue heate It bringeth forth abundantly great stones like to spunges are very light so that one as great as a mans heade doth

aliue as they doe many times for to be reuenged of him they kill him with arrowes Being therefore there a certaine space of time turning héere and there I behelde many straungs fishes that are not in Europe among the which I saw two very monsterous hauing vnder the throte like two Goates dugge● a thing on the chin that for to sée too was like a Goates beard Beholde how nature the great workemistresse taketh pleasure to varifie hir workes as well by water as by land as the cōning workman beutifleth his work excéeding the common trade of his Arte and science Hovv vve continued our course vvith a declaration of the Astrolabia of the sea Cap. 68. FOr bicause that we found no great consolation nor comfort of our trauails in this Iland It behoued vs without any tarying to hoise sail with an indifferent winde vntill we came vnder the Equinoctiall whereas the sea and the windes are also vnconstant Also the aire is alwayes séene there troubled if one side be faire the other is troubled and threatneth fowle weather so that for the most parte there is raine and thunder which can not be without danger to y e Nauigants Now before they come néere to this line the good Nauigantes Pilots and Mariners being expert take counsel or beholde alwayes their Astrolabia for to knewe the distance and lying of places from thence where they are And bicause this so necessarie an Instrument for Nauigation commeth now in talke I will speake there of lightly by the way for the instruction of those that wil folow the sea being so great that the vnderstanding of man cannot well comprehend it And that which I speake of the Astrolabia as much may I say of the Rule or nedell of the sea by the whiche they may also conduct right the ship This Instrument is so politike that with a little paper or parchement as broade as the palme of my hand and certayne lines marked which signifieth the windes and a little Iron with the which this Instrument is made by his onely natural vertue that a storie giueth him and bloweth in his proper mouing and without any touching sheweth where is the Easte the Weaste the North and the South and also al the thirtie two windes belonging to Nauigation it sheweth them not onely in one place but in al places of the worlde beside other secretes that I omit for this present wherby it plainly appeareth that the Astrolabia the nedell or compasse with the Carde Marin are well made and that there shewing and perfection as is a wōderfull thing for that a thing so great as the Sea is pictured in so little a space and so agreable that by the same men vndertake to sayle rounde about the worlde Then the good and perfect Astrolabia is no other thing than the Sphere pressed and represented in a playn accomplished in his compasse with .360 Degrées that answere to the circute of the World deuided in like number of degrées the which agayne must be deuided into foure equal parts in our Instrument that is .90 in euery parte the whiche afterwarde ye muste parte by fiue and fiue then holding your Instrument by the ring rayse it or hold it towarde the Sunne so that the Sunne beames may enter in at the hole then looking to your declination in what year● moneth and day ye are in when ye take the height of the Sunne And if the Sunne be towardes the South which is on the coast of America and ye be towards the North ye muste take from your height as many degrées as the Sunne hath declined from the line of y e which we speke towarde the South And if that in taking of the height of the Sunne ye be towardes the South beyonde the Equinoctiall and the Sunne be in the North ye muste in lyke manner take away so many degrées as the Sunne hath declined from the lyne towarde our Pole as for example if ye take your height the Sunne being betwene the Equinoctiall and you when ye haue taken the sayde height ye muste for to knowe the place where ye are be it in sea or lande adde your degrées which the Sunne is declyned from farre from the lyne with your height and ye shall finde that which ye demaunde the which is to be vnderstanded as much of the Pole Artike as Antartike Thus much by the way Gentle Reader of our Astrolabia leauing the rest of the knowledge and vsage of this Instrument to Astronomers and Astrologians that make dayly profession thereof It shall suffice that which I haue spoken the which I knowe to be necessary and nedefull to Nauigation chiefly for those that are ignorant and not yet exercised therein Of the departing of our Equator or Equinoctiall Cap. 69. I Thinke there is no man of Spirite but that knoweth that the Equinoctiall is a trace or circle imagined by the midst of the Worlde from the East to the Weast in equall distance of two so that from the fayde Equinoctiall to eche one of the Poles it is .90 Degrées as we haue at large treated before and of the temperatnesse of the ayre that is there about of the Sea and of the fishes There resteth nowe somewhat to speake in our returne of that which before we left out passing therefore about the firste day of Aprill with a fauourable winde kéeping our right course with sayle spread right to the North neuerthelesse we were molested with one ill commoditie the which was that daye and night it ceased not to raine the which notwithstanding came well to passe for vs to drinke considering our necessitie for the space of two monethes and a halfe enduring thyrst for that we colde get no fresh water And God knoweth whether we drancke not our fill euē with open throte considering the extreame heat that burned vs it is true that the rayne water in those parres are corrupted for the infection of the ayre from whence it commeth for that whereof the rayne engendreth is depraued in such sort that if a body wash their hāds therewith there wil ryse pushes bladders I knowe well that many Philosophers hold opinion that some rayne water is vnholsome they set difference betwene these waters with y e reasons which at this time I wil not allege auoyding prolixitie wel what corruptiō so euer came of it yet neuerthelesse it behoued vs to drink therof though it had cost vs our liues Furthermore this water falling on a clothe woulde stayne it and leaue a spot that scant would be gotten out Nowe therefore after we had passed the lyne it was néedfull for our conduct to beginne to counte our degrees from thence vnto our Europe as much muste be done of them that goe thither after that they are come vnder the sayde-line The Ancient Cosmographers measured the earth the which we may also doe by stades paces and féete and not by degrées as we doe as affirmeth Plinie Strabo

vnconstant with many other vices which wold be to long to reherse therfore I wil leaue this to Philosophers Let vs come to our purpose These Ethiopians Indians vse Magike bicause they haue many herbes other things proper for that exercise And it is certaine true that there is a certain Sympathia in things and hid Antipathia the which cannot be knowen but by long experience And bicause that we coasted a countrey somwhat far in this land named Ginney I thinke good to write therof particularly Of Ginney Cap. 17. AFter that we had refreshed vs at Caape verd it behoued vs to passe further hauing y e wind at Northeast maruelous fauourable for to conducte vs right vnder the Equinoctiall line the which we ought to passe but being come to the height of Ginney lying in Ethiopia the winde became cleane contrary bicause that in that region the windes be very vnconstant with raine tempest and thunder so that the Nauigation on that coast is very dangerous Now the fourth day of September we arriued into this Countrey of Ginney on the West borders But somewhat far within the lande it is inhabited with a very straunge people bicause of their Idolatry darke ignoraunce Before that this Countrey was discouered and the people knowen it was thought that they had liued like the Ethiopians hauing the like manner of religion of those of the higher Ethiope and of Senega but it is found cleane contrary for all they that inhabite or dwel from the said Senega to the Caape of good hope are al Idolaters without the knowledge of god and his law And these people are so blinded and ignorant that the first thing that they méete in the morning be it birde serpent or other wilde or tame beast they take it with them bearing it about them all the day about what businesse so euer they haue as a God or protector of their worke if they go a fishing in any of their litle boates of bark they will put it in one of the endes of the boate well wrapped with some leaues hauing an opinion and beleuing that it wil bring them all the day good lucke be it on lande or on water neuerthelesse they beleue in God alleaging y t he is there aboue immortall but vnknowne for that he will not be knowne to them sensibly The which erroure differeth nothing from the error of the Gentiles in times past that worshipped diuers Gods vnder the coloure of Images and similitudes But yet this is a thing worthy to be noted though it be superstitious and abhominable that these pore ignorant and brutishe men had rather worship corruptible things than to be reputed without a God Diodorus the Sicillian writeth that the Ethiopians had the first knowledge of the fained gods to whom they began to vow and to sacrifice Also Homer signifieth that Iupiter with other Gods went into Ethiopia as well for that they were there honored and sacrificed vnto as for the wholesomnesse of the Countrey The like you haue of Castor and Pollux the which going on the sea at the request of the Greekes against Troy were vanished in the aire and were neuer after séene againe the which giueth opinion to some to thinke y t they were rauished placed among the starres of the Sea also many name them the cleare starres of the sea attributing their names Caster Polux to two fair bright starres The sayd people haue neither temples nor churches nor other places appoynted for sacrifice and prayer Besides this they are without comparison much more wicked than those of Barbarie or Affrica in such sort that the straungers dare not aborde them nor set foote on land but by pledges otherwise they would take them and handle them like slaues These Villaines or wicked impes goe all naked sauing some since the time that their Countrey hathe bene somewhat frequented haue worne a little shirt of Cotten or some suche thing the which is brought them from other places They make not so great trade with beastes as in Barbarie there is very fewe fruits bicause of the drinesse extreme heat for this region is vnder y e signe Taurus they liue a good many yeares and yet séeme not olde so that a man of a C. yeares olde would be iudged with vs not aboue .xl. Neuerthelesse they liue with the fleshe of wilde beasts without séething roasting or wel preparing of it they haue also some fishe and great aboundaunce of Oysters more larger some than halfe a foote but they are more dangerous to eate than any other fishe they cast a liquor like to milke and yet the inhabitants eate thereof without any danger and they vse as well salte water as freshe They commonly make war with other nations their weapons are bowes and arows as the other Ethiopians and Affricans The women of this Countrey frequent the warre as much as the men and they beare for the most part a large buckle of fine gold or other mettal at their eares lips and also on their armes The waters of this countrey are very dangerous and also the aire is vnholesome for that to my iudgement the South winde being very hot and moist and familiar in that countrey is subiect to all kinde of putrefactions the which we féele many times in this Countrey And therefore they that of our Countrey and of other Countreys of Europe that trauaile to Gynney cannot remaine there long without receiuing some sicknesse the which chaunced to vs for many of our companie died and others remained a long time sicke and with great paine they recouered their health For the which cause we remained not there long time I will not omit that in Ginney the fruit that is most rife and common and with the which the straungers of straunge Countreis lade their ships is named Maniguetta being very good and wel estemed aboue other spices with the which the Portingalles make a great trade This fruit commeth vp in the fields like an Onion The other that commeth from Molucquer and Calicut is not so wel estéemed by a great deale This people of Ginney trade with certaine Barbariens adiacent golde and salt after a straunge fashion There are certaine places ordained among them where as eche one of his parte bringeth his Marchandise those of Ginney salte and the others gold molten in lumpes and without any other talke togither bicause of the small trust and confidence one of another as the Turkes and Arabians and some of America with their neighbors they leaue in the place before spoken the golde and the salte of eache part This being done these Ethiopians of Ginney if they finde there golde inough for their salt they take it away otherwise they leaue it and let it lie The which the other séeing that their golde wil not satisfie they adde vnto it vntill that there be sufficient then they beare away that that to eche one doth appertaine You shall vnderstande

noyse about the ships side that we could not hear one another speke whether this is bicause of y e heat of the Sunne or for any other reasons I leaue that to the Philosophers There resteth nowe to shewe that euen about our Equinoctiall I taasted the water the which was more swéeter pleasāter to drinke thā in other places wheras it is very salt though that many affirme the contrarie iudging that it shoulde be rather more salter for that it draweth to the lyne whereas the heate is most vehement knowing that from thence commeth the saltnesse of the sea and therfore that shoulde be more swéeter that is towarde the Poles I do verily thinke that from the one Pole to the other euen to the line that as the ayre is not equally temperat so in like case the water is not temperat But vnder the lyne the temperatnesse of the water doeth folowe the temperatnesse of the ayre Therefore there is a good reason why the water in that part is more swéeter than in other places Being passed this line we found the sea more and more calmer and peaceable keping our course towarde the Caape of good hope That not onely all that is vnder the lyne is inhabited but also al the worlde is inhabited contrary to the opinion of our elders Cap. 19. IT is euidently sene howe greate the curiositie of men is either for a desire to knowe things or for to attayne to possessions or else to auoyde Idlenesse that they haue hazarded them selues as the wise man sayth and beside him the Poet Horace sayth in his Epistles to all dangers and trauels for to eschew pouertie to leade a more quiet life without trouble or payne Notwithstanding it might be ynough for them to know and vnderstande that the soueraygne workmaster hath made with his owne handes this worlde al rounde so that the water hath ben separated from the lande to the ende that more commodiously euery one might inhabit in his proper Eliment or at the leaste in that place whereas he thought moste beste Neuerthelesse not content with this they would knowe if it be all ouer inbabited Notwithstanding for such finding out and diligence I esteme them for my parte as much and rather more worthy of prayse than our late writers and Nauigators for that they haue first opened to vs these things Otherwise with greate payne we could not haue knowen them nor comprehended but Thales Pithagoras Aristotle and many others as well Greekes as Latins haue sayde that it is not possible that all partes of the world should be inhabited the one parte for the greate and vnsuportable heate another parte for the great and vehemēt cold Other Authors deuiding the world into two parts called Himisperes one of y e which they say can in no wise be inhabited But the other parte in the which we are muste of necessitie be inhabited And so of foure partes of the worlde they take away thrée so that to their opinion there shoulde rest but two that be habitable And for the better vnderstanding thereof to eche one excepting those that haue knowledge thereof I will declare this more playner minding therefore to proue that al the world is inhabited They suppose that there is fiue zones in all the worlde by the which they will measure and compasse all the earth of the which two are colde two temperate and the other hot And if you wil know how they gather these fiue Zones extende your lefte hande towarde the Sunne rysing being the fingers spredde abroade and by this meane Probus Grammaticus dyd teach or instructe Then when you haue beheld the Sunne thorough the lower parts of your fingers bowe and bende them euery one in forme or manner of a Circle By the thumbe ye shall knowe the colde zone which is the North the which by the excessiue coldenesse as they doe affirme is vnhabited Neuerthelesse the experience hath shewed within fewe yeares that all those partes well néere to our Pole also vnder the Paralezey Artike ioyning to the Hyperbores as Scauia Dacea Swetherlande Gotlande Norway Denemarcke Thilia Lyuonia Pilapea Pruse lande Russia Muscouia Ruthenie whereas there is nothing but Ise and continual coldnesse to benotwithstanding inhabited with frowarde and brutish men The which to our Englishe Marchantes is well ynough knowen Therefore the Ancient writers in this do greatly erre are not to be beleued hauing onely spoken by gesse and thought and not by experience Let vs speake of the other zones the other finger next to the thumbe doeth signifie the tempeperat zone the which is inhabited extendeth to the tropicke of Cancer though y t in drawing néere it be more hot than temperat as that which is iustly in the midst that is to know betwene this tropicke the Pole The thirde finger doeth represent the zone placed betwene the two tropickes named Torrida bicause of the extreme heate of the Sunne the which resteth and burneth vp all and therefore it was iudged vnhabitable The fourth finger is the other zone temperated of the Antipodes a meane betwene the tropicke of Capricorne and the other Pole the which is inhabited The fifth which is the little finger signifieth the other zone colde the which in like case they haue estemed vnhabited for the like reason as they alleged for the former Pole of the which we may say as much as we haue sayde of the North parte for the like reason is of bothe After then that this rule or example is knowen it is easily knowen what partes of the Worlde are inhabited and which are not according to the opiniō of the Auncient writers Plinie diminishing that which is inhabited sayth that of the fiue partes that are named zones we muste take away thrée bicause they are not inhabited the which hath bene shewed by the thumbe the greate finger and the little finger Also he taketh away al that occupieth the Weast sea And in another place he writeth that y e earth that is vnder y e Zodiack is onely inhabited The causes that he allegeth why these thrée zones are vnhabited is the vehement colde which for the farre distance absence of the Sunne is in y e Region of the two Poles and the greate and extreme heate that is vnder the zone Torrida is bicause of the continuall presence of the Sunne As much doe our late Theologiās affirme and write The contrary notwithstanding may be shewed by the writings of these Authors before alleged by the authoritie of Philosophers specially of our tyme by the witnessing of holy Scriptures and then by experience which passeth all the which by me hath bene made Strabo Mela Plinie although that they disproue the zones write neuerthelesse that there are men in Ethiopia in the Ilande named by the elders Aurea and also in the Ile Tabroban Malaca and Zamotra vnder the zone Torrida also that Scandenauia the hills Hyperbores and the countrey adiacent

out not comprehending them although that they are of no lesse cōpasse and greatnesse than Sicilia Corsica Cypris or Candia nor yet of lesse value therefore shall this parte be limitted towards the South to Florida There resteth now only to describe the third parte the which shall begin at Noua Espania or new Spaine comprehending all the prouinces of Anauac Vcatan Eulhuacan Xalixa Thalco Mixtecapan Tezeuco Guzanes Apalachen Pancho Aute and the kingdome of Micuacan from Florida vnto the land of Bacalles which is a great Region vnder the which also is comprehended the land of Canada and the prouince of Chicora which is .33 degrées on this side the line the land of Labrodor newe found land compassed with the frostie Sea on the Northe side This Countrey of the West Indies being thus deuided not specifying many things from the one ende to the other that is to witte many things frō the one end to the other that is to wit from the straight of Magellan at the which we haue begon vnto the ende of the farthest land of the Indies it is more then .4800 leagues of length and by this ye may descerne the bredthe excepting the straight of Parias before named therfore they are now called y e great Indies being without comparison more greater than the East Indies As touching the rest I desire the reader to take in good parte this little deuision vntil it please God to giue vs meane to make one more greater Likewise to treate more at large of this countrey but thus much I thought néedefull in the meane time to bring to light Of the Iland of Rats Cap. 67. LEauing these Canibals for the small comfort y t there was to be had hauing the winde at South we sailed to a very faire Iland distant frō the line .iiij. degrées the which is very daungerous in the aboording of it for it is no lesse daungerous to a front thā some great Cape or Promentary for that it entreth farre into the sea and for rockes that are about it and ranged on the coast side This Iland was vnluckely found out to the mishappe of those that first did discouer it Some Portingall ship passing by on that coast for default of good gouernment striking against a rocke néere to this Iland brake in pieces and drowned excepting .xxiij. mē that saued them selues in this Iland in which place they remained the terme of two yeares wheras they died only two excepting which in the meane time liued with Rattes Birdes and other beastes And as on a time there passed by a ship of Normandie that returned from America they set their skiffe out for to rest in that Ilande whereas they found these two poore Portingalls that were onely lefte of this shipwrake the which they brought away with them And these Portingals had named it the Iland of Rats bicause of the multitude of Rats of diuers kindes that there are so that they say that their companions died onely being vexed with these vermin These beastes liue with egs of Torterels that they make on the Riuage of the Sea and with birds egs wherof there is great store Also when we went for to seke fresh water whereof we had such greate nede that some amongst vs were constrayned to drinke their owne water or bryn the which dured the terme of thrée monethes and the famyn foure moneths we sawe there so many birdes and so priuie that we might haue laden therewith our ships neuerthelesse we coulde not recouer fresh water vnlesse we had entred very farre into the coūtrey As for the rest it is fayre decked with many fayre trées being gréene the moste parte of the yeare euen like a goodly gréene medowe in the moneth of May although it be within foure degrées of the lyne Though that this Iland is not inhabited yet it is not vnpossible no more than others in the Zone as the Ilandes of S. Homer vnder the Equinoctial others And if it wer inhabited I am wel assured that it would make one of the fairest places in al the Worlde and riche there might be made very good Suger Spices and other things of great value I know well that many Cosmographers haue had this opinion that the Zone betwene the two Tropickes was vnhabited for the extreame heate of the Sunne notwithstanding y t experience sheweth the cōtrary without any farther contention euen as the Zones to the twoo Poles bicause of the colde Heroditus and Solon affirmeth that the hils Hiperbores are inhabited and likewise Canada drawing néere to the North and other count yet more néere approching the colde Sea of the whiche we haue alredy spoken Therefore let vs returne to our Ilād of Rats This place by good right is so named for bicause of the abundance of Rats that lyue there of the whiche there are diuers kindes one kinde among the reste that the wilde men of America eat named in their language Sohiatan and they haue their hayre gray the flesh good delicate like a little leueret There is another named Hiexousou greater than the others but not so good to eat they are as great as those of Egypt called Pharaos Rats Others there are as greate as Wezels that the wild mē eate not for bicause that when they are dead they stinke like carion the which I haue sene also there are founde diuersitie of Serpentes named Gerara the which are not good to eate but there are others named Theirab that are good for of these Serpentes there are diuers kindes that are nothing venemous nor like to those of our Europe so that their biting is neither mortall nor any thing dangerous there are to be sene redde ones scaled of diuers coloures lykewise I haue sene gréene ones as gréene as the bay leafe they are not so greate of body as the others notwithstanding they are very long Therefore it is not to be marueled at how these wild men there aboutes eate these Rats without daunger and Serpents euen as they do Lezardes as before we haue shewed Likewise néere to this Ilande is founde a kynde of fish and also vpon the coaste of America very daungerous also much feared and redoubted of the wilde men for that she is a rauening fish and as daungerous as a Lyon or a Woulfe famished this fish is named Houperou in their language and eateth other fish in the water excepting one that is as greate as a little Carpe the which foloweth him alwayes as if there were so●●● Sympathia or secrete loue betwene them or else he foloweth him for to be preserued and kept sure from other fishes So that the wilde men fishing all naked as they do alwayes feare him not without a cause for if he catche them he will either drowne them or strangle them or looke where he toucheth he carieth away a piece with his téethe Also they will take héede how to eate of this fishe but if y t they can take him

is greatly subiect to earthquakes and to hayles and therefore these poore people being ignorāt of natural things yea much more of heauēly things are greatly afrayd although that these things are common they think that these things procede from their Gods for that they haue offended them Notwithstanding earthquakes commeth not but of windes that are shut in in certayn crasses of the earth the which by greate power causeth it to shake as in lyke manner it causeth many times great trées to shake yea and bloweth them vp by the rootes of the which Aristotle doth shewe As touching hayle it is not to be maruell though it be rife bicause of the vntemperatnesse and vnconstancie of the ayre being very colde in this Region bicause of the distāce of the Sunne the which commeth no néerer than when it commeth to our Tropicke And therefore the water that falleth from the Firmamēt is alwayes frosen bicause that the aire is alwayes colde and therefore it is alwayes haile or snow Now these Canadians when that they féele such incommodities for the affliction that they receiue they kepe thēselues in their houses with certaine domestical beasts that they nourish And there they make their mone to their Idols whose forme and lykenesse is not much vnlike to the fabulouse picture of Melusin of Lusignam being halfe a Serpent and halfe a Woman for the heade of their Idoll with hir haire representeth according to their brutish maner a woman And the rest of their body is lyke to a Serpent The which may cause Poets to fayne that Melusin was their Goddesse The earthquakes be dangerous although the case be euident Séeing that we are come to speake of earthquakes we will shewe thereof one word according to the opinion of naturall Philosophers with the inconueniences that folowe Thales Milesius one of the seuen wise men of Grecia sayde that water was the beginning of al things and that the earth floting in y e middest of this water was in a continuall quaking sometymes more and sometymes lesse Of this same opinion was Democrites and fayde furthermore that the water vnder the earth being burst out by rayne coulde not bicause of his excesse quantitie be contayned in the vaynes and compasse of the earth but caused these earthquakes and of this procedeth the Springs and Fountaynes that we haue Anaxagoras sayd it was fier the which coueting as it is his nature to rise hye and to ioyne with the fier Elementarie causeth not onely this quaking but certayne openings goulfes and such lyke in the earth as we may sée in certa yne places and confirmed his opinion in that the earth burneth in certayne places Anaximines doeth affirme the earth it selfe to be the cause of this quaking the whiche being opened bicause of the excessiue heate of the Sunne the ayre entereth in greate quantitie and with vyolence the whiche after that the earth is closed agayne hath no issue And by this meanes the belly of the earth beginneth to moue this causeth the earthquake The which semeth more to agrée with reason and trueth than the others according as we haue folowing Aristotle also that the winde is no other thing than an ayre that riseth rangingly But leauing these opinions of naturall causes and of earthquakes the which may come by other reasons only by the permission of the most highest vnknowen to vs. The inconueniens and mishaps that come thereby is ouerwhelming of Towns and Cities as happened in Asia of seuen Cities in the time of Tiberius Caesar and of the Metropolitane Citie of Bithinie during the raigne of Cōstantinus Many also haue ben swallowed vp by the earth and others drowned with waters as was Elicea and Aura at the ports of Corinth And for to be short this earthquake commeth sometimes with such vehemence that beside the inconueniences afore shewed it maketh Ilandes of mayne land as it hath done Sicily with certayne places in Siria and others it ioyneth sometymes Ilandes to mayne land as Plinie saith to be happened of those of Doromscia Parua in millites In Africa many playnes and valleys are at this day turned to lakes and riuers Also Seneca sheweth that a flocke aboue fiue hundreth Shepe and other beastes and foules were on a tyme swallowed vp and lost by an earthquake And for this reason the moste parte kepe them by the Riuers sides for to eschewe this earthquake being taught by experience and not by reason that marish grounde and wet places are not so subiect to earthquakes as the mayne and the hyelande and therefore this reason is very easy to those that vnderstād the occasion of the earthquakes before alleged And for this cause the riche and renomed temple of Diana in Ephesus the which continued more than two hundreth yeares being so strongly edified that it meriteth to be in the number of one of the spectacles of the world was set on piles of woode in a marishe place for bicause that it should not be subiect to Earthquakes vntil such time as one Heluidius or as some terme him Eratosthenes being foolishly minded for bicause that he would be knowne and that his memorial might be shewed did set it on fire and consumed it to ashes Also for this cause the Romains had edified a Temple to Hercules by the riuer of Tyber and there they did pray and offer sacrifices Nowe this earthquake is so vehement and contagious in Canada that within .v. or .vj. leagues of their houses within the Countrey there shall be found more than two thousand trées ouerthrowne to the earth as well on hils as on valeys rockes ouerthrowne one vpon an other the ground to sinke and to be swalowed vp and all this hapneth not but of mouing and stirring of the earth The like may happen to other Countreys that are subiecte to earthquakes Thus much thought I good to speake of earthquakes without straying farre from our matter Of the Countrey called New found land Cap. 82. AFter that we were departed from the heigth of the gulfe of Canada it behoued vs to passe further kéeping our course right North leauing the lande of Labrador and the Ilands called the Ilands of Deuils and the Cape of Marco distant from the line .56 degrées we coasted on the left hand the Countrey that is named Newe founde lande the which is very colde and therfore those that did first finde it out made there no long abiding nor those neither that goe thither oftentimes for fishe This new found land is a region that is one of the farthest partes of Canada and in the same land there is found a riuer the which bicause of his bredth and length séemeth to be almost a Sea and it is named the riuer of the thrée brethren being distant from the Ilands of Essores foure hundreth leagues and from Fraunce nine hundreth it separateth the Prouince of Canada from this New found land Some iudge it to be a narow Sea