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law_n in_o the_o world_n delight_v in_o certainty_n and_o abandon_v incertainty_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o all_o debate_n and_o confusion_n than_o which_o nothing_o be_v more_o odious_a in_o law_n and_o therefore_o the_o rule_n be_v quod_fw-la certum_fw-la est_fw-la retinendum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la incertum_fw-la est_fw-la dimittendum_fw-la nay_o further_o quod_fw-la incertum_fw-la est_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la this_o be_v the_o censure_n of_o law_n upon_o all_o the_o act_n of_o man_n which_o fall_v under_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n if_o then_o the_o law_n so_o judge_v of_o the_o act_n of_o man_n hold_v they_o for_o nought_o and_o void_a that_o be_v incertain_a how_o much_o more_o than_o do_v the_o law_n require_v certainty_n in_o her_o own_o act_n which_o be_v to_o bind_v all_o man_n and_o if_o in_o any_o of_o the_o act_n of_o law_n certainty_n be_v to_o be_v special_o expect_v most_o of_o all_o be_v it_o requisite_a that_o bound_n of_o limitation_n and_o certainty_n 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what_o certainty_n to_o expect_v that_o so_o he_o may_v order_v his_o charge_n according_o three_o that_o the_o subject_n may_v know_v likewise_o what_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v that_o so_o he_o may_v know_v certain_o what_o shall_v remain_v to_o he_o as_o his_o own_o final_o that_o the_o king_n may_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o good_a will_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o his_o revenue_n see_v the_o law_n expect_v he_o shall_v bear_v the_o charge_n but_o may_v know_v in_o certainty_n what_o to_o claim_v as_o due_a to_o he_o and_o may_v according_o compel_v the_o subject_a to_o pay_v it_o and_o that_o the_o subject_n may_v not_o be_v under_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n to_o pay_v what_o the_o king_n please_v which_o may_v perhaps_o extend_v to_o the_o whole_a value_n of_o the_o merchandise_n you_o see_v in_o general_a how_o the_o law_n by_o require_v certainty_n in_o matter_n of_o profit_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o subject_a prevent_v many_o mischief_n which_o will_v fall_v out_o if_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o and_o therefore_o without_o more_o say_n i_o may_v here_o conclude_v that_o custom_n be_v due_a by_o the_o common-law_n be_v and_o be_v a_o sum_n certain_a not_o to_o be_v increase_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n by_o way_n of_o imposition_n but_o because_o there_o be_v many_o other_o revenue_n due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common-law_n as_o well_o as_o custom_n if_o they_o all_o or_o as_o many_o as_o we_o can_v call_v to_o mind_n shall_v fall_v out_o to_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v sum_v certain_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o be_v increase_v at_o the_o king_n will_v this_o will_v be_v a_o forcible_a argument_n that_o custom_n be_v likewise_o certain_a and_o not_o to_o be_v inhannce_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n for_o this_o argument_n draw_v à _fw-la simili_fw-la be_v of_o great_a force_n and_o the_o most_o usual_a of_o any_o other_o in_o debate_n of_o thing_n doubtful_a in_o law_n quae_fw-la legibus_fw-la decisa_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la index_n 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magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n be_v call_v old_a and_o ancicient_a duty_n this_o be_v vectigal_a patrimoniale_a of_o which_o sort_n i_o can_v produce_v many_o other_o all_o which_o have_v like_o certainty_n nay_o there_o be_v one_o duty_n well_o know_v to_o we_o all_o which_o the_o common-law_n give_v to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v in_o his_o nature_n a_o custom_n our_o very_a case_n in_o which_o the_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o a_o certainty_n which_o he_o can_v exceed_v and_o that_o be_v prisage_n a_o duty_n give_v by_o the_o common-law_n to_o the_o king_n upon_o every_o shipload_v of_o wine_n bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n by_o english_a merchant_n and_o be_v one_o tun_n of_o wine_n before_o the_o mast_n and_o another_o behind_o i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o trouble_v you_o with_o any_o more_o particular_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o let_v any_o man_n show_v i_o one_o particular_a to_o the_o contrary_a and_o i_o will_v then_o yield_v that_o my_o position_n be_v false_a in_o one_o may_v be_v 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require_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o sovereign_n protection_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o subject_a against_o all_o wrong_n and_o injury_n whatsoever_o offer_v either_o by_o one_o subject_a to_o another_o or_o by_o the_o common_a enemy_n to_o they_o all_o or_o any_o of_o they_o this_o protection_n the_o law_n consider_v can_v be_v without_o a_o great_a charge_n to_o the_o king_n and_o because_o as_o christ_n say_v no_o man_n go_v to_o war_n upon_o his_o own_o charge_n the_o common-law_n therefore_o have_v not_o only_o give_v the_o king_n great_a prerogative_n and_o favour_n touch_v his_o own_o patrimony_n more_o i_o believe_v than_o any_o other_o prince_n in_o the_o world_n have_v but_o also_o have_v for_o the_o sustentation_n of_o his_o great_a and_o necessary_a expense_n in_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o subject_n give_v he_o out_o of_o the_o interest_n and_o property_n of_o the_o subject_a a_o ample_a and_o very_o honourable_a revenue_n in_o very_a many_o particular_a case_n 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endanger_v hitcham_n sir_n robert_n hitcham_n and_o hereupon_o by_o the_o knight_n that_o last_o speak_v it_o be_v hold_v that_o upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o sudden_a and_o unexpected_a war_n the_o king_n may_v not_o only_o lay_v imposition_n but_o levy_v a_o tax_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n which_o position_n in_o my_o opinion_n be_v very_o dangerous_a for_o to_o admit_v this_o be_v by_o consequence_n to_o bring_v we_o into_o bondage_n you_o say_v that_o upon_o occasion_n of_o sudden_a war_n the_o king_n may_v levy_v a_o tax_n who_o shall_v be_v judge_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n of_o the_o occasion_n can_v it_o be_v try_v by_o any_o legal_a course_n in_o our_o law_n it_o can_v if_o then_o the_o king_n himself_o must_v be_v the_o sole_a judge_n in_o this_o case_n will_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o the_o king_n may_v levy_v a_o tax_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n see_v his_o pleasure_n can_v be_v bound_v by_o law_n you_o see_v into_o what_o a_o mischief_n the_o admittance_n of_o one_o error_n have_v draw_v you_o but_o for_o a_o full_a answer_n to_o the_o objection_n i_o say_v that_o the_o providence_n of_o the_o common-law_n be_v such_o and_o so_o excellent_a as_o that_o for_o the_o defray_n of_o the_o king_n charge_v upon_o any_o occasion_n of_o a_o sudden_a war_n it_o have_v over_o and_o above_o all_o the_o ordinary_a revenue_n which_o it_o give_v the_o king_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n can_v indeed_o but_o fall_n short_a make_v a_o excellent_a provision_n for_o sir_n the_o war_n must_v needs_o be_v either_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a offensive_a must_v either_o be_v upon_o some_o nation_n beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o against_o the_o scot_n or_o welsh_a or_o other_o borderer_n within_o the_o island_n if_o it_o be_v a_o offensive_a war_n upon_o some_o nation_n beyond_o the_o sea_n it_o can_v be_v a_o sudden_a accident_n for_o it_o be_v the_o king_n own_o act_n and_o he_o may_v and_o it_o be_v fit_v he_o shall_v 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high_a and_o low_a whether_o he_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o not_o in_o case_n of_o foreign_a invasion_n may_v be_v compel_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n to_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o person_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o justice_n thirm_v in_o 7_o h._n 4._o the_o reason_n of_o which_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o that_o the_o king_n may_v have_v no_o pretence_n whatsoever_o for_o the_o raise_n of_o money_n upon_o his_o subject_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n without_o their_o common_a assent_n in_o parliament_n i_o do_v then_o conclude_v this_o argument_n that_o see_v the_o common-law_n for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o king_n ordinary_a charge_n have_v give_v he_o such_o a_o ample_a revenue_n out_o of_o the_o interest_n and_o property_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o provide_v also_o for_o sudden_a occasion_n that_o in_o so_o do_v it_o have_v seclude_v and_o secure_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o subject_n estate_n from_o the_o king_n power_n and_o pleasure_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o king_n have_v not_o power_n upon_o any_o occasion_n at_o his_o pleasure_n to_o charge_v the_o estate_n of_o his_o subject_n by_o imposition_n tallage_n or_o tax_n for_o i_o hold_v they_o all_o in_o one_o degree_n or_o any_o other_o burden_n whatsoever_o without_o the_o subject_n free_a and_o voluntary_a assent_n and_o that_o in_o parliament_n if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o you_o see_v how_o it_o be_v to_o the_o utter_a dissolution_n and_o destruction_n of_o that_o politic_a frame_n &_o constitution_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n which_o i_o have_v open_v unto_o you_o and_o of_o that_o excellent_a wise_a providence_n of_o the_o common-law_n for_o the_o preserve_n of_o property_n and_o the_o avoidance_n of_o oppression_n these_o two_o argument_n use_v by_o i_o that_o
and_o record_n with_o never_o so_o much_o heed_n consider_v the_o time_n of_o open_v and_o shut_v of_o the_o sea_n by_o statute_n shall_v find_v it_o so_o intricate_a as_o he_o shall_v be_v very_o hardly_o able_a direct_o to_o say_v that_o at_o the_o time_n when_o any_o of_o these_o imposition_n be_v grant_v the_o passage_n be_v open_a if_o in_o my_o observation_n i_o have_v find_v any_o such_o i_o shall_v have_v admit_v it_o for_o a_o absolute_a imposition_n as_o i_o have_v do_v charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la which_o be_v by_o grant_n of_o merchant_n for_o certain_o as_o i_o have_v yield_v the_o grant_n of_o merchant_n be_v in_o this_o case_n of_o no_o other_o effect_n than_o the_o declaration_n only_o of_o their_o assent_n and_o the_o imposition_n rest_v mere_o upon_o the_o king_n authority_n but_o i_o find_v none_o such_o if_o any_o such_o can_v be_v produce_v you_o have_v hear_v how_o they_o have_v be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n control_v in_o parliament_n and_o so_o i_o pass_v from_o e._n 3._o to_o the_o time_n follow_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 3._o till_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n who_o be_v the_o eleven_o prince_n of_o this_o realm_n after_o ed._n 3._o as_o ed._n 3._o be_v the_o eleven_o after_o the_o conquest_n be_v the_o space_n of_o 170._o year_n or_o thereabouts_o it_o have_v be_v confess_v by_o all_o those_o that_o have_v argue_v in_o maintenance_n of_o his_o majesty_n right_o to_o impose_v that_o there_o have_v not_o be_v find_v one_o record_n that_o prove_v any_o one_o imposition_n to_o have_v be_v lay_v there_o be_v indeed_o in_o our_o print_a book_n some_o three_o or_o four_o statute_n during_o that_o time_n in_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o imposition_n but_o they_o be_v as_o i_o shall_v prove_v imposition_n of_o another_o nature_n than_o those_o be_v which_o we_o complain_v of_o and_o so_o make_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o the_o proof_n of_o his_o majesty_n right_o or_o if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o we_o be_v yet_o be_v they_o no_o where_n find_v mention_v but_o with_o disgrace_n and_o to_o the_o end_n to_o be_v take_v away_o which_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a use_n that_o may_v have_v be_v make_v of_o three_o or_o four_o precedent_n of_o imposition_n in_o these_o time_n for_o the_o patch_v up_o of_o a_o continuance_n of_o the_o practice_n which_o otherwise_o by_o this_o long_a discontinuance_n receive_v a_o great_a blemish_n those_o which_o argue_v for_o imposition_n do_v not_o take_v hold_n of_o these_o but_o choose_v rather_o to_o confess_v that_o no_o imposition_n at_o all_o be_v lay_v during_o all_o this_o time_n and_o labour_v to_o seek_v out_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o discontinuance_n i_o will_v brief_o show_v you_o what_o statute_n they_o be_v during_o that_o time_n which_o mention_n imposition_n the_o first_o be_v 11_o r._n 2._o cap._n 9_o 3._o 11_o r._n 2._o cap._n 9_o statute_n in_o which_o there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o imposition_n after_o the_o end_n of_o edw._n the_o three_o reign_n until_o queen_n maries_n ed._n 3._o no_o imposition_n nor_o charge_n shall_v be_v put_v upon_o wool_n leather_n or_o woolfels_n other_o than_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n this_o present_a parliament_n and_o if_o any_o be_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v repeal_v and_o annul_v as_o it_o be_v another_o time_n ordain_v by_o statute_n save_v always_o to_o the_o king_n his_o ancient_a right_n if_o by_o this_o save_v the_o pretend_a right_n of_o impose_v shall_v be_v except_v as_o be_v say_v in_o the_o exchequer_n the_o save_a shall_v then_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o act_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o have_v some_o other_o interpretation_n that_o it_o may_v stand_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o act_n and_o not_o condemn_v the_o law_n maker_n of_o so_o much_o want_n of_o discretion_n therefore_o doubtless_o this_o save_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o exception_n of_o the_o ancient_a right_n full_a custom_n due_a upon_o those_o staple_n commodity_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o statute_n be_v make_v not_o so_o much_o to_o take_v away_o any_o imposition_n lay_v by_o this_o king_n r._n 2._o as_o out_o of_o a_o provident_a and_o prudent_a care_n in_o the_o law_n maker_n proceed_v from_o the_o fresh_a memory_n of_o the_o practice_n of_o ed._n 3._o in_o this_o kind_n for_o all_o those_o that_o be_v of_o this_o parliament_n do_v live_v and_o be_v at_o man_n age_n in_o ed._n 3._o time_n and_o can_v not_o but_o well_o remember_v the_o grievousnes_n of_o his_o imposition_n beside_o i_o observe_v that_o they_o desire_v that_o no_o imposition_n be_v lay_v by_o way_n of_o addition_n to_o the_o subsidy_n upon_o wool_n and_o leather_n then_o grant_v it_o be_v never_o hear_v till_o of_o late_a that_o a_o imposition_n upon_o any_o merchandise_n be_v charge_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o a_o subsidy_n and_o therefore_o without_o question_n this_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o abundant_a provision_n by_o they_o wherein_o they_o be_v no_o more_o careful_a than_o any_o wise_a man_n will_v be_v in_o the_o like_a case_n when_o they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o free_a will_v give_v the_o king_n a_o liberal_a gift_n they_o be_v careful_a not_o to_o be_v further_o charge_v by_o he_o the_o next_o statute_n in_o these_o time_n where_o imposition_n be_v find_v mention_v be_v 23_o h._n 6._o cap._n 18._o 18._o 23_o h._n 6._o cap._n 18._o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o english_a merchant_n be_v restrain_v from_o repair_v to_o gâ—scoigne_n and_o guien_n to_o buy_v the_o wine_n of_o that_o country_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o suffer_v to_o repair_v thither_o pay_v certain_a new_a imposition_n which_o be_v demand_v of_o they_o upon_o complaint_n hereof_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o all_o english_a merchant_n may_v free_o pass_v into_o those_o part_n and_o buy_v wine_n there_o at_o their_o pleasure_n without_o any_o new_a imposition_n or_o charge_n to_o be_v put_v upon_o they_o for_o that_o such_o imposition_n be_v to_o the_o damage_n of_o merchant_n and_o to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o all_o the_o king_n people_n if_o any_o be_v demand_v by_o the_o king_n officer_n the_o officer_n so_o demand_v they_o shall_v forfeit_v twenty_o pound_n beside_o treble_a damage_n to_o the_o party_n grieve_v that_o these_o imposition_n be_v by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n with_o a_o statute_n which_o restrain_v the_o repair_n of_o english_a merchant_n into_o those_o part_n and_o not_o by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n thereupon_o to_o ground_v a_o imposition_n be_v evident_a by_o the_o statute_n in_o print_n for_o from_o 27_o ed._n 3._o 12._o 27._o e._n 3._o c._n 6._o 38._o ed._n 3._o c._n 10_o &_o 38_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 42_o e._n 3._o cap._n 8._o 43_o e._n 3._o c._n 12._o till_o this_o 23_o h._n 6._o there_o be_v five_o or_o six_o statute_n in_o print_n to_o this_o purpose_n some_o more_o strict_a than_o other_o which_o continue_v in_o force_n till_o 23_o h._n 6._o the_o reason_n of_o the_o restraint_n by_o ed._n 3._o i_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v because_o gascoigne_n and_o guien_n be_v then_o in_o his_o possession_n and_o he_o be_v desirous_a his_o subject_n the_o merchant_n of_o those_o country_n shall_v have_v the_o sole_a profit_n of_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o that_o they_o only_o shall_v import_v they_o into_o england_n and_o not_o the_o merchant_n of_o england_n whatsoever_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o restrain_v be_v it_o be_v very_o clear_a the_o restraint_n be_v by_o statute_n and_o that_o this_o imposition_n raise_v by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n be_v condemn_v which_o nevertheless_o suppose_v it_o have_v not_o be_v control_v yet_o as_o i_o have_v say_v oftentimes_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n so_o far_o differ_v from_o we_o as_o the_o practice_n thereof_o will_v not_o so_o much_o as_o help_v to_o salve_v this_o long_a discontinuance_n the_o next_o mention_n of_o imposition_n be_v find_v 1_o r._n 3._o cap._n 12._o 12._o 1_o r._n 3._o cap._n 12._o the_o word_n be_v the_o subject_n and_o cominalty_n of_o this_o realm_n shall_v not_o from_o henceforth_o be_v charge_v by_o any_o such_o charge_n or_o imposition_n call_v a_o benevolence_n nor_o by_o such_o like_a charge_n you_o perceive_v by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n what_o imposition_n be_v intend_v within_o that_o statute_n the_o next_o mention_n of_o imposition_n in_o these_o time_n i_o find_v to_o be_v 7_o h._n 7._o 7._o 7_o h._n 7._o cap._n 7._o where_o a_o charge_n of_o eightteen_fw-mi shilling_n lay_v upon_o a_o but_o of_o malmesy_n by_o parliament_n be_v call_v a_o imposition_n another_o mention_n of_o imposition_n i_o find_v to_o be_v 12_o h._n 7._o cap._n 6._o 6._o 12_o h_n 7._o cap._n
sentit_fw-la se_fw-la gravatam_fw-la de_fw-fr vectigali_fw-la lana_n enim_fw-la angliae_fw-la fere_n extendit_fw-la ad_fw-la medietatem_fw-la valoris_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o vectigal_a ad_fw-la quintam_fw-la partem_fw-la terrae_fw-la the_o custom_n of_o wool_n as_o you_o perceive_v be_v in_o those_o day_n esteem_v to_o be_v the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n it_o follow_v in_o he_o that_o upon_o complaint_n the_o subject_a at_o last_o obtain_v the_o statute_n i_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o word_n of_o which_o be_v no_o tallage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v raise_v or_o set_v by_o we_o or_o our_o heir_n in_o our_o realm_n without_o the_o assent_n and_o good_a will_n of_o archbishop_n earl_n baron_n knight_n burgess_n and_o other_o freeman_n of_o the_o land_n after_o these_o general_a word_n by_o way_n of_o provision_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o burden_n whatsoever_o to_o be_v lay_v in_o time_n to_o come_v without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n follow_v in_o the_o next_o branch_n save_o one_o especial_a provision_n for_o the_o take_v away_o of_o the_o imposition_n then_o in_o demand_n upon_o wool_n which_o latter_a clause_n as_o it_o do_v clear_o show_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o present_a grief_n to_o be_v the_o same_o which_o our_o chronicle_n say_v it_o be_v so_o do_v it_o likewise_o make_v it_o evident_a what_o it_o be_v which_o they_o seek_v to_o be_v secure_v of_o for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v neither_o be_v the_o word_n themselves_o so_o obscure_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o generalty_n of_o they_o but_o that_o they_o also_o without_o know_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o law_n do_v direct_o point_v at_o imposition_n for_o though_o indeed_o the_o word_n tallage_n be_v as_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o charge_n within_o the_o land_n tallage_n tallage_n yet_o the_o word_n aid_n extend_v to_o all_o charge_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o aid_n aid_n nay_o that_o even_o imposition_n themselves_o have_v be_v call_v aid_n or_o subsidy_n which_o be_v all_o one_o be_v evident_a by_o almost_o all_o the_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n here_o among_o we_o especial_o by_o those_o of_o ed._n 3._o time_n in_o which_o wheresoever_o you_o find_v any_o mention_n make_v by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o commission_n of_o a_o imposition_n raise_v by_o he_o he_o ever_o call_v it_o subsidium_fw-la or_o auxilium_fw-la subsidy_n subsidy_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o print_a statute_n of_o 36_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 11._o you_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o imposition_n by_o grant_n of_o merchant_n there_o mention_v be_v call_v a_o subsidy_n or_o aid_n this_o exposition_n of_o the_o word_n aid_n concur_v with_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n strong_o enforce_v this_o statute_n against_o imposition_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o this_o stat._n there_o be_v no_o save_v or_o exception_n of_o the_o king_n ancient_a right_n which_o as_o our_o chronicle_n say_v be_v a_o point_n principal_o insist_v upon_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n earnest_o press_v by_o the_o subject_a to_o be_v without_o that_o clause_n and_o for_o a_o long_a while_n stand_v upon_o by_o the_o king_n but_o at_o last_o yield_v unto_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o you_o have_v hear_v the_o next_o statute_n against_o imposition_n be_v 25_o ed._n 1._o cap._n 7._o objection_n the_o three_o statute_n against_o imposition_n 25_o ed._n 1._o cap._n 7._o clear_v from_o objection_n the_o word_n be_v forasmuch_o as_o the_o more_o part_n of_o the_o cominalty_n have_v find_v themselves_o sore_o aggrieve_v with_o the_o maletolt_a of_o wool_n viz._n a_o toll_n of_o 40_o for_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n and_o have_v make_v petition_n to_o be_v release_v of_o the_o same_o we_o at_o their_o request_n have_v clear_o release_v it_o and_o have_v grant_v for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n that_o we_o shall_v take_v no_o such_o thing_n without_o their_o common_a assent_n and_o good_a will_n save_v to_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n the_o custom_n of_o wool_n skin_n and_o leather_n grant_v before_o by_o the_o cominalty_n aforesaid_a i_o may_v in_o enforce_v this_o statute_n rely_v upon_o a_o rule_n of_o law_n for_o the_o exposition_n of_o statute_n of_o this_o nature_n omnis_fw-la impositio_fw-la est_fw-la odiosa_fw-la ideo_fw-la stricta_fw-la contra_fw-la impositiones_fw-la &_o large_a ad_fw-la favorem_fw-la gravatorum_fw-la interpretanda_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la contra_fw-la impositiones_fw-la data_fw-la but_o there_o shall_v not_o need_v any_o such_o favourable_a construction_n for_o the_o word_n be_v in_o themselves_o very_o clear_a the_o law_n consist_v of_o three_o part_n the_o first_o be_v the_o king_n grant_v of_o a_o petition_n make_v by_o the_o commons_o for_o the_o release_n of_o a_o imposition_n of_o 40_o upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n then_o in_o demand_n when_o the_o present_a grief_n be_v end_v the_o next_o care_n be_v to_o prevent_v the_o like_a mischief_n in_o all_o time_n to_o come_v it_o therefore_o follow_v and_o we_o have_v grant_v for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n that_o we_o shall_v take_v no_o such_o thing_n without_o their_o common_a assent_n which_o be_v the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o law_n the_o save_n in_o the_o end_n be_v the_o three_o part_n against_o this_o general_a provision_n two_o objection_n have_v be_v make_v answer_v the_o first_o objection_n that_o this_o statute_n be_v only_o against_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o imposition_n then_o lay_v and_o not_o against_o the_o right_n of_o impose_v answer_v first_o that_o the_o word_n no_o such_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o the_o burthensomnesse_n and_o excess_n of_o imposition_n and_o not_o otherwise_o no_o such_o thing_n that_o be_v say_v they_o no_o such_o grievous_a imposition_n as_o this_o present_a imposition_n be_v it_o have_v be_v a_o poor_a security_n for_o time_n to_o come_v to_o have_v leave_v it_o to_o interpretation_n whether_o or_o no_o imposition_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v lay_v in_o after_o age_n be_v as_o grievous_a as_o the_o imposition_n complain_v of_o in_o this_o time_n by_o compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o it_o be_v so_o uncertain_a a_o computation_n as_o no_o man_n when_o he_o think_v thorough_o of_o it_o can_v imagine_v that_o man_n worthy_a to_o sit_v at_o the_o make_n of_o law_n shall_v suffer_v such_o a_o thing_n to_o pass_v they_o who_o can_v certain_o say_v whether_o our_o imposition_n be_v more_o or_o less_o grievous_a than_o the_o rate_n of_o 40_o upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n beside_o how_o easy_o have_v this_o law_n be_v to_o have_v be_v delude_v by_o abate_v only_o 12_o or_o but_z 1_o in_o the_o next_o imposition_n for_o if_o it_o be_v but_o a_o penny_n less_o it_o be_v no_o such_o imposition_n for_o the_o burden_n therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v expound_v of_o the_o quality_n and_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n complain_v of_o ibidem_fw-la 26_o ed._n 1._o interbrevia_n retâ—rn_n de_fw-fr term._n mich._n in_o scac._n in_o offic_n rem_fw-la thesaurar_fw-it ibidem_fw-la and_o not_o of_o the_o quantity_n no_o such_o thing_n that_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o this_o be_v that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o imposition_n but_o that_o which_o will_v clear_v this_o objection_n be_v a_o proclamation_n make_v the_o very_a next_o year_n after_o the_o make_n of_o this_o act_n in_o which_o the_o king_n recite_v this_o act_n in_o stead_n of_o these_o word_n we_o will_v take_v no_o such_o thing_n use_v these_o word_n nullam_fw-la aliam_fw-la custumam_n sine_fw-la communi_fw-la consensu_fw-la capiemus_fw-la not_o only_a no_o such_o but_o no_o other_o by_o which_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o word_n be_v then_o interpret_v in_o that_o sense_n in_o which_o i_o do_v now_o interpret_v they_o but_o admit_v say_v they_o answer_v the_o second_o objection_n that_o be_v only_o against_o imposition_n upon_o wool_n answer_v that_o it_o be_v so_o to_o be_v expound_v that_o the_o king_n will_v lay_v no_o other_o imposition_n without_o assent_n in_o parliament_n that_o be_v to_o be_v vuderstood_v say_v they_o no_o other_o imposition_n upon_o wool_n and_o not_o otherwise_o which_o be_v their_o second_o objection_n it_o be_v a_o very_a strict_a construction_n for_o a_o statute_n of_o so_o beneficial_a a_o intent_n as_o this_o be_v so_o to_o restrain_v it_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o word_n in_o the_o statute_n that_o do_v enlarge_v the_o exposition_n but_o by_o the_o word_n follow_v it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o the_o scope_n of_o this_o law_n be_v more_o liberal_a than_o so_o and_o that_o the_o king_n intent_n be_v for_o ever_o to_o secure_v his_o subject_n against_o all_o charge_n of_o this_o nature_n i_o mean_v imposition_n not_o upon_o wool_n only_o but_o upon_o any_o other_o merchandise_n whatsoever_o which_o i_o collect_v from_o lay_v all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o
year_n public_o read_v before_o the_o people_n that_o likewise_o twice_o every_o year_n there_o shall_v be_v excommunication_n solemn_o denounce_v to_o the_o breaker_n thereof_o that_o all_o statute_n and_o all_o judgement_n give_v against_o it_o shall_v be_v hold_v as_o void_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v receive_v and_o allow_v as_o the_o common-law_n by_o all_o such_o as_o have_v the_o administration_n of_o justice_n 1.2.3.4_o 25_o e._n 1_o cap._n 1.2.3.4_o and_o it_o have_v be_v no_o less_o than_o 29_o time_n solemn_o confirm_v in_o parliament_n i_o will_v therefore_o with_o so_o much_o the_o more_o care_n endeavour_n to_o free_v this_o law_n from_o all_o the_o objection_n that_o have_v be_v make_v against_o it_o the_o first_o objection_n do_v tend_v to_o the_o diminish_n of_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n answer_v the_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o extend_v only_o to_o merchant-stranger_n answer_v as_o touch_v the_o person_n who_o it_o may_v concern_v for_o it_o have_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o the_o latter_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n that_o it_o shall_v extend_v only_o to_o merchants-aliens_a and_o not_o to_o denizen_n first_o it_o be_v improbable_a that_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v more_o careful_a to_o provide_v for_o the_o indemnity_n of_o merchant-stranger_n than_o of_o english_a except_o perhaps_o they_o may_v imagine_v that_o english_a merchant_n be_v already_o sufficient_o provide_v for_o by_o the_o common-law_n if_o that_o be_v their_o reason_n as_o there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o that_o i_o can_v imagine_v it_o do_v as_o much_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v contain_v within_o the_o statute_n again_o the_o word_n be_v general_a all_o merchant_n and_o qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la dixerit_fw-la nullos_fw-la excipit_fw-la beside_o the_o statute_n be_v a_o beneficial_a law_n in_o which_o case_n particular_a and_o special_a word_n do_v always_o admit_v a_o general_a extent_n and_o therefore_o to_o restrain_v general_a word_n as_o the_o objector_n will_v be_v against_o all_o reason_n and_o rule_v of_o law_n as_o for_o the_o latter_a word_n it_o be_v true_a they_o do_v indeed_o extend_v only_o to_o merchant-stranger_n but_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o first_o sentence_n be_v perfect_a without_o this_o and_o as_o long_o as_o no_o absurdity_n nor_o contradiction_n do_v follow_v by_o interpret_n the_o first_o word_n to_o extend_v to_o all_o merchant_n in_o general_a and_o the_o latter_a only_o to_o merchant-stranger_n the_o most_o ample_a and_o beneficial_a construction_n be_v ever_o the_o best_a as_o in_o all_o other_o statute_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o this_o objection_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n clear_o remove_v by_o 2._o statute_n make_v by_o ed._n 3._o in_o declaration_n of_o this_o very_a clause_n the_o first_o be_v 2_o ed._n 3._o c._n 8._o the_o word_n be_v all_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o privy_n may_v go_v and_o come_v with_o their_o merchandize_n into_o england_n after_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n i_o take_v it_o that_o privy_n in_o this_o place_n be_v the_o very_a word_n that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o original_a which_o be_v in_o french_a aught_o to_o be_v understand_v denizen_n for_o otherwise_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v have_v be_v join_v to_o the_o word_n stranger_n by_o a_o conjunction_n disjunctive_a which_o be_v usual_a where_o the_o word_n be_v of_o one_o sense_n and_o not_o by_o a_o copulative_a as_o here_o it_o be_v beside_o i_o take_v the_o word_n privy_a to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o latin_a privatus_fw-la which_o signify_v a_o particular_a property_n as_o res_fw-la privata_fw-la a_o man_n own_o private_a estate_n so_o mercatores_fw-la privati_fw-la our_o own_o merchant_n that_o merchant-stranger_n shall_v be_v first_o name_v be_v common_a in_o statute_n and_o record_n the_o next_o statute_n explain_v this_o of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v 14_o ed._n 3._o c._n 2._o the_o word_n be_v whereas_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n that_o all_o merchant_n shall_v have_v safe_a conduct_n etc._n etc._n we_o grant_v that_o all_o merchant_n denizen_n and_o forrein_n may_v free_o pass_v etc._n etc._n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o mere_a declaration_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la the_o second_o objection_n make_v against_o this_o branch_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la answer_v the_o second_o objection_n that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap_n 30._o be_v make_v only_o against_o tax_n within_o the_o land_n answer_v be_v that_o the_o meaning_n thereof_o be_v to_o secure_v the_o merchant_n not_o from_o a_o new_a increase_n of_o custom_n to_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o king_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o their_o entrance_n or_o go_v out_o of_o the_o port_n such_o as_o our_o imposition_n be_v but_o from_o certain_a petty_a exaction_n as_o toll_v and_o such_o like_a which_o be_v then_o usual_o demand_v of_o they_o within_o the_o land_n by_o the_o town_n through_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v and_o where_o they_o sell_v their_o merchandise_n for_o the_o far_a remedy_n of_o which_o there_o be_v afterward_o divers_a statute_n make_v which_o do_v evident_o manifest_v that_o such_o be_v the_o mischief_n and_o they_o do_v the_o rather_o make_v this_o collection_n because_o of_o the_o word_n buy_v and_o sell_v without_o evil_a tolt_n for_o say_v they_o imposition_n be_v not_o pay_v upon_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o merchandise_n but_o when_o they_o be_v to_o ship_n or_o unship_v they_o take_v hold_v of_o the_o word_n toll_n which_o proper_o be_v a_o exaction_n for_o passage_n within_o the_o land_n or_o for_o sale_n in_o market_n or_o fair_n these_o objection_n notwithstanding_o i_o hold_v it_o somewhat_o clear_a that_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v principal_o to_o secure_a merchant_n touch_v imposition_n my_o first_o argument_n be_v draw_v ab_fw-la authoritate_fw-la from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o sage_a man_n in_o great_a place_n and_o office_n within_o this_o kingdom_n in_o the_o time_n wherein_o they_o live_v and_o who_o also_o can_v so_o much_o the_o better_a judge_n of_o the_o true_a meaneng_n of_o this_o statute_n in_o that_o they_o live_v so_o near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_v thereof_o even_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o next_o king_n save_o one_o to_o he_o that_o make_v this_o statute_n i_o mean_v those_o who_o make_v the_o ordinance_n in_o 5._o ed._n 2._o heretofore_o divers_a time_n mention_v by_o i_o who_o in_o allege_v their_o reason_n against_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la do_v among_o other_o thing_n say_v that_o the_o same_o be_v make_v against_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o grief_n conceive_v against_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la other_o than_o the_o imposition_n by_o colour_n thereof_o lay_v upon_o foreign_a commodity_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o ordinance_n that_o be_v the_o only_a cause_n if_o then_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la be_v by_o they_o adjudge_v to_o be_v against_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la only_o because_o by_o colour_n thereof_o new_a imposition_n be_v raise_v without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o they_o interpret_v the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la to_o be_v make_v against_o imposition_n if_o they_o have_v think_v it_o to_o have_v extend_v only_o to_o petty_a toll_n and_o exaction_n within_o the_o land_n as_o be_v object_v then_o can_v it_o not_o have_v extend_v to_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n buy_v and_o sell_v without_o any_o manner_n of_o evil_a toll_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o the_o word_n may_v perhaps_o have_v that_o sense_n which_o have_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o they_o viz._n that_o in_o buy_v and_o sell_v they_o shall_v be_v free_a also_o from_o unjust_a exaction_n within_o the_o land_n but_o i_o say_v further_o that_o these_o word_n without_o any_o manner_n of_o evil_a toll_n by_o the_o old_a and_o rightful_a custom_n do_v extend_v not_o only_o to_o the_o next_o precedent_n word_n buy_v and_o sell_v but_o also_o to_o the_o former_a word_n enter_v and_o return_v and_o more_o principal_o to_o they_o then_o to_o any_o other_o for_o to_o have_v provide_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v free_a from_o those_o petty_a exaction_n of_o toll_n in_o market_n and_o for_o pass_v through_o city_n and_o town_n and_o to_o leave_v they_o subject_n to_o imposition_n to_o be_v lay_v on_o at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n have_v be_v but_o a_o slender_a security_n this_o exposition_n of_o i_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o record_n here_o among_o we_o of_o 16._o hen._n 3._o no_o long_o than_o seven_o year_n after_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n command_v his_o officer_n at_o the_o port_n to_o signify_v to_o all_o merchant_n that_o they_o may_v with_o safety_n enter_v into_o his_o kingdom_n pay_v the_o rightful_a and_o ancient_a custom_n nec_fw-la timeant_fw-la
fourteen_o twelve_o year_n her_o age_n of_o consent_n and_o nine_o year_n capable_a to_o be_v endow_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n give_v to_o sue_v a_o appeal_n the_o like_a limitation_n of_o a_o year_n and_o day_n in_o very_a many_o other_o case_n in_o effect_n who_o reduce_v all_o the_o know_a ground_n of_o the_o common_a law_n to_o that_o certainty_n that_o now_o they_o be_v because_o we_o can_v tell_v how_o or_o when_o they_o begin_v shall_v we_o therefore_o conclude_v that_o they_o begin_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n and_o infer_v that_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o may_v be_v change_v at_o his_o pleasure_n if_o the_o king_n may_v increase_v his_o fine_n upon_o the_o purchase_n of_o original_a writt_n which_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n he_o may_v do_v that_o he_o may_v do_v his_o custom_n nay_o he_o have_v more_o colour_n for_o this_o then_o for_o that_o because_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n against_o this_o he_o may_v easy_o raise_v that_o revenue_n to_o the_o value_n of_o his_o custom_n but_o no_o man_n can_v nor_o will_v i_o hope_v offer_v to_o maintain_v it_o to_o be_v lawful_a you_o see_v the_o weakness_n and_o the_o dangerous_a consequence_n of_o this_o argument_n by_o compare_v it_o to_o other_o case_n of_o like_a nature_n to_o say_v the_o truth_n all_o these_o thing_n begin_v no_o man_n can_v say_v certain_o when_o or_o how_o but_o by_o a_o tacit_n consent_n of_o king_n and_o people_n and_o the_o long_a approbation_n of_o time_n beyond_o the_o memory_n of_o any_o man_n and_o yet_o no_o man_n can_v direct_o affirm_v but_o that_o most_o of_o they_o may_v begin_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n though_o now_o there_o be_v no_o record_n extant_a of_o such_o ancient_a parliament_n the_o first_o parliament_n be_v not_o keep_v 9_o h._n 3_o though_o it_o be_v the_o first_o in_o our_o book_n if_o we_o will_v give_v credit_n to_o other_o record_n and_o to_o our_o best_a chronicler_n parliament_n the_o antiquity_n of_o parliament_n we_o shall_v hear_v and_o read_v of_o divers_a parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o of_o his_o predecessor_n rich._n 1._o and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o h._n 2._o of_o two_o famous_a parliament_n one_o at_o claringdon_n in_o wiltshire_n the_o other_o at_o gedington_n in_o north-hamptonshire_n and_o although_o our_o chronicle_n say_v that_o the_o first_o parliament_n keep_v in_o this_o realm_n be_v hold_v 19_o aprilis_n 16_o h._n 1._o yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n hold_v parliament_n for_o what_o can_v be_v else_o understand_v by_o these_o word_n per_fw-la common_a consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la stabilitum_fw-la fuit_fw-la which_o i_o find_v in_o mr._n lambert_n collection_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o law_n of_o w._n the_o conqueror_n many_o of_o the_o statute_n of_o e._n 1._o have_v no_o other_o word_n nay_o long_o before_o he_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 712._o in_o the_o time_n of_o inas_fw-la king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a i_o assure_v myself_o there_o be_v parliament_n hold_v and_o that_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n as_o at_o this_o day_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o word_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o law_n of_o king_n inas_fw-la in_o mr._n lambert_n suasu_fw-la &_o instituto_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la senatorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la &_o natu_fw-la majorum_fw-la populi_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o frequentia_fw-la magna_fw-la and_o more_o plain_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o some_o other_o of_o his_o law_n hoc_fw-la factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la per_fw-la common_a consilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la procerum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientium_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la inae_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o latin_a which_o we_o be_v in_o english_a by_o the_o king_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o why_o may_v not_o the_o custom_n upon_o wool_n be_v first_o grant_v at_o one_o of_o these_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o to_o have_v it_o first_o begin_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n there_o be_v no_o more_o probability_n of_o the_o one_o than_o the_o other_o because_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a record_n be_v burn_v in_o h._n 2._o time_n when_o the_o exchequer_n be_v burn_v shall_v we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o there_o be_v neâ—er_o any_o such_o you_o see_v the_o weakness_n of_o this_o argument_n in_o all_o the_o point_n thereof_o i_o leave_v it_o and_o pass_v to_o another_o the_o king_n may_v say_v they_o restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o merchant_n at_o his_o pleasure_n answer_v the_o second_o argument_n that_o the_o king_n may_v total_o restrain_v the_o import_v and_o export_v of_o merchandize_n therefore_o he_o may_v do_v it_o sub_fw-la modo_fw-la by_o lay_v of_o a_o imposition_n answer_v which_o they_o prove_v by_o divers_a record_n 2_o e._n 1._o m._n 18._o ro._n par._n 2_o e_o 1._o m._n 17._o ro._n fin_n 31_o e._n 1._o n._n 44._o ro._n pat._n 17_o h._n 6._o ro._n clo._n in_o dorso_fw-la upon_o which_o they_o infer_v that_o if_o he_o may_v restrain_v a_o merchant_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o pass_v at_o all_o he_o may_v much_o more_o so_o restrain_v he_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o pass_v except_o he_o pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o this_o say_v they_o be_v less_o than_o total_o to_o restrain_v he_o and_o cui_fw-la licet_fw-la quod_fw-la majus_fw-la licet_fw-la etiam_fw-la quod_fw-la minus_fw-la of_o this_o argument_n my_o l._n dyer_n give_v light_a in_o his_o case_n of_o imposition_n 1_o eliz._n and_o this_o have_v be_v diverse_o enforce_v by_o all_o that_o have_v argue_v for_o imposition_n in_o answer_n of_o which_o i_o will_v consider_v how_o far_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o merchant_n and_o then_o will_v examine_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o argument_n for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v the_o king_n can_v restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o merchant_n but_o for_o some_o special_a cause_n wherein_o to_o define_v certain_o and_o resolute_o to_o say_v for_o what_o cause_v he_o may_v and_o for_o what_o not_o i_o will_v not_o undertake_v only_o let_v i_o inform_v you_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o these_o precedent_n vouch_v by_o they_o to_o prove_v the_o king_n power_n to_o restrain_v but_o they_o be_v upon_o special_a reason_n as_o by_o reason_n of_o enmity_n with_o such_o a_o nation_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v restrain_v or_o because_o such_o a_o commodity_n may_v not_o be_v spare_v within_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o they_o be_v not_o restraint_n from_o all_o place_n and_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o merchandize_n but_o from_o certain_a place_n only_o and_o for_o certain_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v that_o restraint_n in_o all_o these_o case_n and_o of_o like_a nature_n be_v by_o the_o common-law_n leave_v to_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n for_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o merchant_n for_o a_o little_a private_a lucre_n to_o enrich_v the_o king_n enemy_n or_o to_o furnish_v they_o with_o munition_n to_o be_v employ_v against_o the_o state_n or_o utter_o to_o ruin_v the_o commonwealth_n by_o carry_v out_o a_o commodity_n which_o may_v not_o be_v spare_v or_o by_o bring_v in_o of_o some_o that_o may_v be_v hurtful_a nay_o which_o be_v more_o such_o may_v be_v the_o occasion_n that_o the_o king_n may_v i_o doubt_v not_o stop_v the_o passage_n of_o all_o merchant_n from_o all_o place_n for_o a_o short_a time_n as_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a queen_n it_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n to_o prevent_v intelligence_n there_o may_v likewise_o be_v such_o necessary_a use_n of_o their_o ship_n as_o the_o want_n of_o they_o upon_o some_o sudden_a attempt_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n in_o such_o case_n as_o these_o if_o the_o common_a law_n do_v not_o give_v the_o king_n leave_v to_o restrain_v their_o passage_n by_o his_o absolute_a power_n it_o be_v very_o improvident_a in_o the_o high_a point_n which_o can_v be_v imagine_v of_o so_o wise_a a_o law_n and_o yet_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v always_o be_v spare_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o their_o absolute_a power_n in_o this_o point_n for_o there_o be_v little_o less_o than_o 30._o act_n of_o parliament_n touch_v the_o open_n and_o shut_v up_o of_o the_o passage_n of_o merchant_n most_o of_o which_o as_o i_o conceive_v be_v make_v rather_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o punishment_n then_o for_o want_v of_o power_n in_o the_o king_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o restraint_n by_o absolute_a commandment_n be_v punishable_a as_o all_o other_o contempt_n only_o by_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n and_o not_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o merchandize_n