charge_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o thing_n we_o hear_v not_o of_o in_o late_a time_n but_o that_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_z edward_z the_o first_o the_o record_n etc._n of_o those_o time_n do_v testify_v but_o afterward_o the_o universal_a custody_n of_o the_o sea_n except_v only_o what_o be_v extraordinary_a be_v commit_v by_o our_o king_n to_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o to_o they_o alone_o or_o their_o deputy_n and_o appertain_v unto_o they_o now_o by_o a_o unquestionable_a right_n but_o when_o any_o person_n be_v entrust_v with_o that_o guardianship_n or_o custody_n the_o possession_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n who_o intrust's_n or_o give_v we_o he_o the_o authority_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o government_n or_o command_n which_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o word_n most_o express_a and_o home_n to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n xxviii_o hereafter_o mention_v which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_z philip_z the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n chap._n xv._o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n there_o be_v very_o ample_a ancient_a testimony_n all_o along_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v already_o mention_v touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o a_o little_a confirm_v it_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o tribute_n impose_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v call_v danegeld_v of_o who_o original_a and_o use_v we_o have_v 11._o already_o speak_v be_v wont_v now_o and_o then_o to_o be_v pay_v heretofore_o under_o the_o norman_a king_n after_o the_o word_n there_o cite_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a dialogue_n touch_v the_o exchequer_n about_o the_o payment_n thereof_o before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o immediate_o follow_v we_o thus_o in_o the_o same_o dialogue_n in_o his_o reign_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o â—â—igâ—_n of_o william_n the_o first_o the_o dane_n as_o well_o as_o other_o robbert_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n restrain_v the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n know_v this_o to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v write_v when_o a_o strong_a man_n arm_v keep_v his_o his_o house_n he_o possess_v his_o good_n in_o peace_n for_o they_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o resolute_a and_o valiant_a man_n will_v not_o let_v injury_n pass_v unrevenged_a therefore_o whereas_o the_o laâ—d_n have_v pay_v it_o along_o time_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o pay_v that_o every_o year_n which_o have_v be_v exact_v upon_o urgent_a necessity_n in_o time_n of_o war_n but_o yet_o they_o will_v not_o have_v it_o whole_o cashier_v because_o of_o sudden_a occasion_n therefore_o it_o be_v seldom_o pay_v in_o his_o reign_n or_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o successor_n that_o be_v only_o then_o when_o they_o either_o have_v or_o suspect_v a_o war_n with_o foreiner_n and_o among_o the_o 128._o old_a law_n of_o england_n we_o find_v that_o william_n rufus_n require_v aid_n of_o the_o baron_n for_o the_o regain_n of_o normandy_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o brother_n robert_n surname_v cortehole_n who_o be_v upon_o a_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n danegeld_n be_v grant_v to_o he_o not_o establish_v nor_o confirm_v by_o a_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v four_o shilling_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o defend_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o that_o be_v the_o intent_n and_o end_n of_o danegeld_n according_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o original_n moreover_o francofurt_n roger_n hoveden_n say_v express_o that_o it_o be_v usual_o pay_v until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o promise_n which_o he_o make_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o coronation_n say_v three_o he_o promise_v that_o he_o will_v remit_v danegeld_v for_o ever_o that_o be_v two_o shilling_n upon_o a_o hide_n which_o his_o predecessor_n be_v go_v to_o take_v every_o year_n the_o same_o also_o be_v affirm_v by_o matthew_n paris_n and_o cottonianâ_fw-la roger_n of_o wendover_n out_o of_o who_o the_o chronicle_n set_v forth_o by_o matthew_n until_o the_o nineteenth_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccxxxv_o be_v whole_o take_v they_o say_v of_o king_n stephen_n tertiò_fw-la vovit_fw-la quòd_fw-la danegeld_n id_fw-la est_fw-la &_o qualibet_fw-la ydâ_fw-la terrae_fw-la dvos_fw-la solidos_fw-la quos_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejus_fw-la consueverant_fw-la accipere_fw-la in_o aeternum_fw-la annis_fw-la singulis_fw-la condonaret_fw-la so_o indeed_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o cottoniana_n manuscript_n book_n of_o this_o matthew_n whereby_o the_o print_a one_o be_v to_o be_v amend_v who_o render_v it_o only_o thus_o tertiò_fw-la vovit_fw-la quòd_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejus_fw-la accipere_fw-la consueverant_fw-la in_fw-la aeternum_fw-la annis_fw-la singulis_fw-la condonaret_fw-la but_o this_o also_o be_v add_v by_o hoveden_n these_o especial_o and_o divers_a other_o thing_n he_o promise_v before_o god_n but_o keep_v none_o of_o they_o as_o we_o be_v tell_v likewise_o by_o paris_n and_o wendover_n so_o that_o this_o tribute_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o king_n stephen_n also_o for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o it_o be_v pay_v sometime_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o after_o that_o it_o grow_v out_o of_o date_n another_o course_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v take_v very_o frequent_o and_o use_v as_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n that_o pay_v and_o provision_n may_v not_o be_v whole_o want_v to_o maintain_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n mention_n be_v make_v touch_v this_o particular_a in_o the_o court-roll_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o scaccarii_fw-la terrarum_fw-la ad_fw-la custodiâ—â—_n maris_fw-la agistatarum_fw-la that_o be_v of_o such_o land_n as_o be_v charge_v with_o a_o payment_n or_o tribute_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o know_v indeed_o also_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n collect_v at_o that_o time_n under_o pretence_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o pay_n and_o maintenance_n of_o land-force_n near_o the_o shore_n but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v guard_v then_o with_o naval-force_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shore_n by_o land-force_n and_o so_o that_o that_o paiment_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o else_o to_o the_o shore_n as_o well_o as_o the_o sea_n moreover_o subsidy_n have_v be_v demand_v of_o the_o people_n in_o parliament_n pour_v 6._o la_fw-fr salvation_n du_fw-fr royalme_n &_o the_o euâ—_n mesines_n &_o auxint_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n dâ—_n escoce_n de_fw-fr gascoign_n &_o des_fw-fr isles_n that_o be_v for_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o sea_n belong_v thereunto_o the_o scotish_n border_n gasooign_n and_o the_o isle_n thus_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o defence_n and_o dominion_n be_v reckon_v in_o a_o equal_a right_n and_o condition_n with_o that_o of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o border_n and_o the_o isle_n several_a other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o that_o kind_n but_o that_o especial_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o place_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o parlamentarie_a record_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o concern_v a_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v impose_v upon_o every_o ship_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o northern_a admiralty_n that_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n which_o stretch_v itself_o from_o the_o thames_n mouth_n along_o the_o eastern_a shore_n of_o england_n towards_o the_o north-east_n for_o the_o pay_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v it_o impose_v only_o upon_o the_o ship_n of_o such_o merchant_n and_o fisherman_n as_o be_v english_a but_o also_o by_o the_o same_o right_n in_o a_o manner_n upon_o those_o of_o any_o foreiner_n whatsoëver_o no_o otherwise_o than_o if_o a_o man_n that_o be_v owner_n of_o a_o field_n shall_v impose_v a_o yearly_a revenue_n or_o rend_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o thoroughfare_a or_o drive_v of_o cattle_n or_o cart_n through_o his_o field_n paiment_n be_v make_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o six_o penny_n a_o tun_n upon_o every_o vessel_n that_o pass_v by_o except_o such_o ship_n only_o as_o
that_o in_o it_o which_o may_v seem_v to_o import_v that_o he_o call_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o ocean_n especial_o if_o you_o consider_v those_o word_n which_o we_o find_v sometime_o among_o german_a writer_n in_o the_o title_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o constitution_n concern_v public_a judicatories_n in_o the_o empire_n he_o be_v call_v king_n of_o the_o canary_n land_n also_o of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o indies_n and_o of_o the_o continent_n and_o of_o the_o ocean_n archduke_n of_o austria_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o imperial_a sanction_n publish_v in_o high_a dutch_a konig-und_a jnsulen_n canariae_fw-la auch_fw-ge der_fw-ge jnsulen_n indiarum_fw-la und_fw-ge terrae_fw-la firmae_fw-la des_fw-fr maer_n oceant_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o you_o may_v meet_v with_o it_o at_o least_o six_o hundred_o time_n the_o word_n ocean_n be_v add_v as_o if_o he_o entitle_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o the_o same_o in_o spanish_a be_v rey_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-la las_fw-fr islas_n y_fw-fr terra_fw-la firma_fw-la deal_v mar_v oceano_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v king_n of_o the_o island_n and_o of_o the_o terra_fw-la firma_fw-la of_o the_o ocean_n namely_o the_o island_n or_o continent_n of_o or_o lie_v in_o the_o ocean_n which_o pope_n 22._o alexander_n the_o six_o give_v to_o ferdinand_n the_o five_o king_n of_o spain_n all_o of_o they_o lie_v westward_o from_o the_o very_a first_o meridian_n of_o those_o he_o entitle_n himself_o king_n not_o of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o how_o far_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v admit_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n or_o opinion_n of_o the_o french_a chap._n xviii_o as_o concern_v dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o french_a some_o perhaps_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v meet_v with_o very_o ancient_a evidence_n thereof_o in_o those_o officer_n depute_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o seacoast_n who_o we_o read_v of_o in_o the_o 5._o statute-book_n and_o in_o that_o rotlandus_n governor_n of_o the_o british_a that_o be_v the_o aremorican_a shore_n mention_v in_o the_o life_n of_o charlemaign_a by_o eginhartus_n a_o writer_n of_o that_o time_n but_o those_o dignity_n have_v relation_n not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o to_o the_o shore_n and_o sea-coast_n or_o the_o border_n of_o the_o land_n confine_v with_o the_o sea_n notwithstanding_o that_o rotlandus_n be_v by_o the_o frenchman_n of_o this_o and_o the_o former_a age_n promiscuous_o style_v alii_fw-la governor_n both_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o shore_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n but_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o prince_n heretofore_o upon_o the_o shore_n of_o aremorica_n or_o bretaign_n as_o the_o veneti_n bretaigne_n of_o who_o we_o speak_v before_o do_v upon_o the_o same_o shore_n impose_v custom_n upon_o ship_n as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o road_n upon_o their_o coast_n and_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o other_o right_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n call_v nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v read_v in_o a_o ancient_a record_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o duke_n alanus_n in_o the_o year_n mlxxxvii_o concern_v precedence_n of_o place_n among_o the_o noble_n of_o bretaigne_n in_o that_o record_n the_o second_o place_n be_v assign_v to_o the_o viscount_n of_o s_o t_o pol_n de_fw-fr leon_n who_o as_o the_o very_a 13._o word_n of_o it_o be_v have_v very_o many_o of_o those_o custom_n call_v nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la impose_v on_o such_o as_o pass_v the_o ocean_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o osismer_n or_o leon_n which_o as_o it_o be_v say_v budicius_n a_o ancient_a king_n of_o france_n bretaign_n do_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o one_o of_o his_o predecessor_n upon_o marriage_n in_o reward_n of_o the_o virtue_n fidelity_n and_o valour_n of_o that_o viscount_n but_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n and_o noble_n of_o bretaign_a what_o these_o nobilitates_fw-la be_v and_o whence_o they_o have_v their_o original_n be_v partly_o declare_v by_o bertrandus_fw-la argentraeus_fw-la sometime_o precedent_n of_o the_o province_n of_o renes_fw-la where_o he_o discourse_v also_o of_o the_o right_n of_o give_v pass_v port_n which_o they_o call_v bref_n the_o conduct_n at_o this_o time_n in_o use_n on_o that_o shore_n 44._o that_o say_v he_o whereas_o till_o then_o it_o have_v be_v a_o right_n peculiar_a to_o the_o prince_n be_v give_v by_o way_n of_o dowry_n to_o the_o baron_n of_o leon_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a record_n remain_v a_o hereditary_a and_o proper_a right_n to_o that_o family_n until_o joannes_n ruffus_n the_o duke_n redeem_v it_o for_o a_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o guynomarius_n baron_n of_o leon_n after_o that_o peter_n mauclerc_n of_o dreux_n duke_n of_o bretaign_n have_v in_o vain_a attempt_v to_o re_fw-mi assume_v it_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n it_o have_v its_o original_n they_o say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n when_o our_o prince_n and_o ancient_a king_n consider_v the_o daily_a shipwreck_n make_v upon_o that_o shore_n where_o there_o be_v many_o rock_n and_o but_o few_o havens_n they_o make_v a_o law_n that_o none_o shall_v set_v to_o sea_n without_o their_o leave_v such_o as_o do_v set_v out_o pay_v a_o certain_a rate_n have_v pass_n and_o guide_v appoint_v they_o that_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o shores_n they_o that_o refuse_v forfeit_v their_o ship_n with_o all_o their_o tackle_n and_o furniture_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v cast_v away_o their_o good_n also_o be_v confiscate_v they_o that_o have_v leave_v be_v in_o no_o danger_n of_o confiscation_n and_o if_o they_o suffer_v shipwreck_n have_v liberty_n to_o recover_v as_o many_o of_o their_o good_n as_o they_o can_v and_o these_o guide_n be_v pay_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o conduct-money_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v elsewhere_o call_v by_o they_o droit_fw-fr de_fw-fr savage_n these_o ticket_n or_o pass_n be_v give_v out_o now_o as_o heretosore_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n and_o among_o other_o revenue_n of_o the_o exchequer_n they_o also_o be_v rent_v out_o to_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o custom_n so_o far_a bertrandus_fw-la from_o who_o renatus_n 106._o choppinus_n borrow_v almost_o the_o very_a word_n but_o 51._o petrus_n berlordaeus_n advocate_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o rein_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o take_v forfeiture_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o all_o shipwreck_v good_n be_v abolish_v there_o by_o a_o edict_n in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n for_o so_o much_o as_o concern_v any_o part_n of_o that_o western_a sea_n lie_v next_o the_o shore_n these_o be_v manifest_a evidence_n either_o of_o dominion_n or_o of_o subjection_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o indeed_o sufficient_o prove_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o people_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o dominion_n moreover_o upon_o occasion_n of_o these_o pass_n there_o have_v be_v controversy_n raise_v sometime_o between_o the_o duke_n of_o bretaign_a and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o certain_a cottoniana_n memorial_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o bretaign_a which_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o our_o richard_n the_o second_o and_z john_n the_o four_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n but_o this_o we_o know_v for_o certain_a that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v between_o our_o edward_n the_o four_o and_o francis_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n in_o the_o year_n mcccclxviii_n concern_v mutual_a traffic_n and_o free_a passage_n to_o and_o fro_o for_o the_o subject_n of_o each_o nation_n during_o a_o seqq_fw-la truce_n of_o thirty_o year_n there_o be_v a_o express_a proviso_n concern_v wreck_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o leave_v a_o equal_a right_n to_o both_o of_o they_o not_o altogether_o unlike_a that_o which_o for_o many_o age_n have_v be_v in_o use_n upon_o the_o english_a shore_n no_o mention_n at_o all_o be_v make_v in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o truce_n either_o of_o the_o right_n or_o use_v of_o these_o aforesaid_a pass_n as_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o no_o wise_a admit_v by_o the_o english_a but_o some_o modern_a lawyer_n among_o the_o french_a do_v vain_o affirm_v that_o their_o king_n be_v lord_n not_o only_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n neighbour_a upon_o the_o territory_n of_o bretaign_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n that_o be_v adjoin_v to_o any_o part_n of_o france_n and_o so_o of_o the_o british_a or_o english_a sea_n also_o by_o which_o very_a assertion_n of_o they_o they_o sufficient_o declare_v their_o judgement_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o sovereign_a over_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n say_v 1._o charondas_n caronaeus_n be_v supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o flow_v about_o his_o
of_o so_o many_o famous_a nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a whereto_o we_o shall_v add_v many_o other_o also_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o british_a sea_n in_o the_o next_o book_n nothing_o now_o i_o suppose_v hinder_v why_o we_o may_v not_o determine_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o dominion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n natural-permissive_a but_o also_o by_o the_o law_n both_o civil_a and_o common_a of_o divers_a nation_n and_o in_o many_o place_n almost_o according_a to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n which_o in_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o sure_a demonstration_n of_o the_o natural-permissive_a unless_o there_o remain_v any_o impediment_n in_o the_o objection_n which_o be_v next_o to_o be_v handle_v a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n concern_v freedom_n of_o passage_n to_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o seaman_n chap._n xx._n the_o usual_a objection_n as_o have_v be_v more_o full_o show_v before_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n be_v derive_v some_o from_o the_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n travel_n and_o passage_n pretend_v to_o be_v common_a to_o all_o some_o also_o from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o out_o of_o the_o testimony_n of_o writer_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o first_o sort_n the_o office_n of_o humanity_n require_v that_o entertainment_n be_v give_v to_o stranger_n and_o that_o inoffensive_a passage_n be_v not_o deny_v they_o so_o 13._o gratian_n out_o of_o 41._o augustin_n say_v it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v how_o the_o war_n of_o the_o israêlites_n become_v just_a against_o the_o amorites_n for_o they_o be_v deny_v a_o inoffensive_a passage_n which_o ought_v in_o all_o equity_n to_o lie_v open_a by_o the_o law_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o 3._o cicero_n say_v it_o be_v a_o inhuman_a thing_n to_o deny_v stranger_n the_o use_n of_o a_o city_n very_o many_o other_o passage_n there_o be_v of_o that_o sort_n which_o seem_v to_o strengthen_v the_o objection_n to_o wit_n as_o it_o relate_n unto_o the_o office_n of_o humanity_n not_o disturb_v by_o war_n fear_v jealousy_n enmity_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o thing_n through_o which_o both_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n be_v to_o pass_v such_o a_o freedom_n of_o passage_n will_v no_o more_o derogate_v from_o it_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v without_o question_n free_a and_o open_a to_o all_o upon_o that_o account_n than_o the_o allow_v of_o a_o open_a way_n for_o the_o drive_v of_o cattle_n or_o cart_n or_o pass_v through_o upon_o a_o journey_n or_o any_o other_o service_n of_o that_o nature_n through_o another_o man_n field_n can_v prejudice_v the_o ownership_n thereof_o suppose_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n the_o spaniard_n have_v a_o free_a passage_n over_o the_o pyrenean_n mountain_n into_o france_n the_o french_a over_o the_o alps_o into_o italy_n the_o italian_n into_o germany_n what_o do_v this_o concern_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o pyreny_v or_o the_o alps_o and_o for_o any_o man_n to_o allege_v here_o what_o be_v common_o talk_v of_o the_o light_n of_o one_o candle_n by_o another_o of_o the_o not_o deny_v a_o common_a use_n of_o water_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n it_o be_v plain_o to_o give_v over_o the_o disquisition_n of_o law_n and_o right_n to_o insist_v upon_o that_o of_o charity_n at_o the_o request_n indeed_o of_o asclepiades_n bishop_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chersonesus_n under_o the_o emperor_n 25._o arcadius_n and_o honorius_n certain_a person_n who_o have_v teach_v the_o barbarous_a people_n the_o art_n of_o build_v ship_n whereof_o they_o be_v ignorant_a before_o be_v for_o charity_n be_v sake_n free_v from_o the_o pain_n of_o prison_n and_o punishment_n and_o though_o the_o art_n of_o those_o that_o teach_v they_o be_v no_o whit_n the_o less_o because_o of_o that_o skill_n which_o the_o barbarian_n have_v gain_v yet_o by_o the_o law_n it_o be_v death_n to_o communicate_v that_o art_n unto_o they_o and_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v other_o instance_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n so_o that_o it_o in_o no_o wise_a diminish_v from_o any_o man_n right_a or_o power_n to_o permit_v another_o to_o participate_v of_o what_o be_v his_o when_o he_o himself_o lose_v nothing_o thereof_o and_o that_o we_o may_v determine_v this_o point_n in_o brief_a it_o be_v most_o evident_a from_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o time_n that_o free_a passage_n as_o they_o call_v it_o be_v wont_v ever_o to_o be_v so_o limit_v by_o prince_n in_o their_o territory_n that_o it_o be_v permit_v or_o prohibit_v according_a to_o the_o various_a concernment_n of_o the_o public_a good_a and_o not_o otherwise_o albericus_fw-la gentilis_fw-la upon_o that_o passage_n concern_v the_o amorites_n say_v 19_o i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o augustine_n in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o hurt_n and_o a_o assurance_n that_o no_o hurt_n may_v be_v do_v prince_n be_v concern_v to_o be_v wary_a and_o careful_a that_o they_o admit_v no_o such_o stranger_n or_o commerce_n where_o pro_fw-la re_fw-la natâ_fw-la the_o common-weal_n may_v receiv_v any_o damage_n thereby_o upon_o which_o ground_n also_o it_o be_v often_o provide_v in_o league_n etc._n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o either_o party_n to_o sail_v unto_o each_o other_o port_n coast_n or_o harbour_n and_o this_o when_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v any_o right_n to_o the_o way_n by_o which_o they_o pass_v with_o such_o a_o number_n of_o ship_n or_o man_n of_o war_n as_o may_v give_v a_o just_a occasion_n of_o any_o fear_n or_o jealousy_n that_o force_n be_v intend_v except_o leave_v be_v first_o have_v of_o that_o party_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n those_o place_n be_v or_o unless_o they_o be_v drive_v thither_o by_o tempest_n or_o some_o other_o necessity_n to_o avoid_v a_o great_a force_n or_o the_o danger_n of_o shipwreck_n according_a to_o the_o fear_n or_o suspicion_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o possession_n and_o at_o his_o discretion_n all_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o foreigner_n whatsoëver_o may_v be_v prohibit_v unless_o some_o other_o special_a right_n or_o custom_n do_v intervene_v and_o 6._o aristotle_n say_v plain_o provision_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v by_o law_n with_o who_o subject_n may_v or_o may_v not_o convers_a moluccas_n bodin_n also_o say_v well_o that_o the_o law_n of_o commerce_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o particular_a compact_n and_o agreement_n of_o people_n and_o prince_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o add'_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o forbid_v a_o foreigner_n from_o enter_v the_o border_n and_o also_o to_o force_v he_o out_o if_o he_o have_v enter_v the_o border_n not_o only_o if_o a_o war_n be_v on_o foot_n but_o also_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n that_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n may_v not_o be_v corrupt_v by_o conver_n with_o stranger_n but_o that_o war_n have_v be_v lawful_o undertake_v for_o a_o denial_n of_o commerce_n unless_o the_o denial_n be_v give_v contrary_a to_o some_o ancient_a league_n or_o unless_o that_o freedom_n depend_v upon_o some_o special_a title_n to_o commerce_n we_o do_v as_o easy_o deny_v as_o any_o other_o man_n can_v affirm_v and_o though_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o indis_fw-fr franciscus_n victoria_n who_o also_o be_v follow_v chief_o by_o 55._o joannes_n solorzanus_n i._n v._o d._n it_o be_v affirm_v that_o the_o spaniard_n have_v a_o lawful_a right_o to_o subdue_v the_o indian_n because_o they_o deny_v commerce_n and_o entertainment_n yet_o they_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n oppose_v by_o 105._o ludovicus_n molina_n who_o will_v have_v no_o nation_n or_o common_a weal_n bind_v either_o with_o or_o without_o danger_n to_o itself_o to_o admit_v commerce_n or_o foreigner_n but_o in_o case_n of_o great_a and_o imminent_a necessity_n or_o unless_o any_o league_n agreement_n or_o some_o other_o special_a privilege_n do_v intervene_v but_o there_o be_v other_o pretence_n not_o a_o few_o which_o the_o spaniard_n allege_v for_o the_o con._n quest_n of_o the_o indies_n for_o they_o pretend_v also_o a_o right_n of_o discovery_n primarie_a occupation_n conversion_n to_o the_o faith_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n beside_o the_o donation_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o all_o which_o solorzanus_n treat'_v at_o large_a and_o it_o be_v strange_a how_o the_o spaniard_n shall_v have_v a_o right_a to_o acquire_v the_o indies_n upon_o a_o denial_n of_o commerce_n since_o it_o be_v subnexum_fw-la very_o well_o know_v that_o both_o they_o and_o the_o portugal_n do_v open_o profess_v that_o they_o may_v lawful_o prohibit_v commerce_n in_o both_o the_o indies_n nor_o do_v it_o prejudice_v the_o point_n at_o all_o that_o according_a to_o the_o imperial_a law_n no_o prince_n nor_o any_o other_o hold_v royalty_n by_o his_o grant_n can_v etc._n
forbid_v man_n passage_n in_o the_o common_a road_n without_o some_o just_a cause_n which_o must_v be_v determine_v in_o a_o imperial_a diet_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v wrest_v by_o some_o to_o prove_v a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n at_o sea_n for_o that_o happen_v by_o a_o particular_a law_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o themselves_o also_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o diet_n but_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v under_o several_a and_o distinct_a sovereignty_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o make_v any_o such_o agreement_n that_o there_o shall_v always_o be_v a_o liberty_n of_o passage_n to_o and_o fro_o nor_o have_v they_o like_o the_o germanet_fw-la and_o other_o within_o their_o dominion_n refer_v themselves_o unto_o a_o umpire_n to_o determine_v the_o business_n a_o answer_n to_o that_o objection_n concern_v the_o uncertain_a fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o continual_a alteration_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o river_n also_o and_o the_o adjoin_a aër_fw-la which_o be_v more_o fluid_a and_o uncertain_a may_v become_v appropriate_a chap._n xxi_o but_o they_o say_v that_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n render_v it_o unfit_a for_o private_a dominion_n both_o because_o it_o be_v ever_o in_o motion_n and_o in_o no_o wise_a remain_n the_o same_o as_o also_o because_o a_o convenient_a matter_n as_o well_o as_o instrument_n be_v want_v therein_o to_o make_v a_o distinction_n of_o bound_n without_o which_o private_a dominion_n can_v well_o consist_v yea_o and_o because_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o vast_a and_o spacious_a body_n it_o be_v always_o sufficient_a for_o all_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v its_o fluid_a nature_n be_v not_o river_n and_o fountain_n much_o more_o in_o a_o perpetual_a flux_n or_o motion_n rivers_z always_o run_v forward_o wherewith_o the_o sea_n be_v compare_v it_o seem_v to_o stand_v immovable_a as_o say_v 1._o strabo_n and_o â—_o eustathius_n say_v that_o homer_n therefore_o call_v the_o sea_n by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o stand_a pool_n because_o it_o run_v not_o forward_o as_o river_n do_v but_o be_v very_a stable_n and_o 1._o another_o say_v the_o sea_n stand_v without_o motion_n as_o it_o be_v some_o dull_a heap_n of_o matter_n that_o nature_n can_v not_o bring_v to_o perfection_n but_o suppose_v we_o grant_v it_o be_v so_o fluid_a as_o be_v usual_o say_v of_o the_o most_o northern_o sea_n and_o channel_n yet_o certain_o the_o channel_n and_o place_n out_o of_o which_o the_o water_n flow_v remain_v ever_o the_o same_o though_o the_o water_n themselves_o do_v shift_n and_o change_v continual_o nor_o yet_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o right_n of_o private_a dominion_n over_o river_n be_v any_o whit_n prejudice_v thereby_o in_o the_o romane-germane_n empire_n rivers_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v of_o public_a use_n yet_o they_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o emperor_n be_v etc._n private_a patrimony_n and_o among_o the_o right_n or_o royalty_n belong_v to_o his_o exchequer_n so_o that_o either_o the_o emperor_n or_o other_o by_o his_o grant_n have_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o yearly_a revenue_n out_o of_o the_o fishery_n in_o they_o upon_o which_o account_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o of_o lombardy_n and_o other_o particular_a people_n throughout_o italy_n enjoie_v all_o the_o river_n of_o their_o territory_n as_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o themselves_o by_o prescription_n as_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o 31._o caepola_n nor_o be_v any_o thing_n more_o common_a than_o a_o assert_v of_o the_o private_a dominion_n of_o river_n as_o well_o as_o their_o bank_n in_o the_o law_n of_o spain_n france_n poland_n and_o venice_n and_o in_o a_o word_n of_o all_o nation_n who_o custom_n be_v know_v to_o we_o nor_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v this_o objection_n fetch_v it_o from_o the_o fluid_a constitution_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v there_o any_o difference_n in_o nature_n between_o a_o great_a and_o a_o lesser_a a_o private_a and_o a_o public_a river_n even_o â—luminibus_fw-la ulpian_n himself_o concern_v river_n say_v there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o private_a river_n and_o other_o private_a place_n and_o usucapionibus_fw-la martianus_n if_o a_o man_n have_v fish_v all_o alone_a many_o year_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o a_o public_a river_n he_o may_v hinder_v any_o other_o from_o use_v the_o same_o liberty_n moreover_o oftentimes_o heretofore_o in_o the_o roman_a empire_n rivers_n be_v make_v over_o as_o well_o as_o other_o part_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o land_n assign_v agrorum_fw-la siculus_n flaccus_n say_v in_o some_o country_n even_o the_o river_n themselves_o be_v assign_v out_o by_o measure_n but_o in_o some_o the_o subcesive_a or_o remanent_fw-la part_n only_o be_v leave_v out_o unassign_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v except_v out_o from_o the_o part_n assign_v as_o belong_v still_o only_o to_o the_o river_n itself_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n also_o agrorum_fw-la aggenus_n urbicus_n for_o it_o be_v never_o conceive_v that_o the_o river_n be_v otherwise_o acquire_v by_o the_o people_n or_o emperor_n of_o rome_n then_o the_o adjoin_a land_n accord_v to_o that_o of_o the_o river_n danubius_n speak_v to_o the_o emperor_n 4._o danubius_n penitis_n caput_fw-la occultatus_fw-la in_o oris_fw-la totus_fw-la sub_fw-la vestrâ_fw-la jam_fw-la ditione_n fluo_fw-la et_fw-la quà _fw-la dives_fw-la aquis_fw-la scythico_n solvo_fw-la ostia_fw-la ponto_n omnia_fw-la sub_fw-la vestrum_fw-la flumina_fw-la mitto_fw-la jugum_n danubius_n i_o who_o fountain_n few_o do_v know_v now_o whole_o under_o your_o dominion_n flow_v and_o when_o full-charged_a run_v to_o the_o euxin_n sea_n i_o make_v all_o river_n to_o you_o tribute_n pay_v we_o know_v that_o a_o island_n new_o spring_v up_o in_o a_o river_n as_o also_o a_o channel_n that_o be_v desert_v be_v even_o by_o ancient_a custom_n insula_fw-la common_a to_o such_o as_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o any_o river_n do_v possess_v land_n that_o be_v not_o limit_v that_o be_v to_o say_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o land_n or_o possession_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o special_a law_n or_o custom_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o touch_v the_o division_n of_o such_o a_o island_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o several_a land_n situate_v near_o one_o bank_n or_o both_o bartolus_n in_o tiberiade_n have_v write_v long_o since_o but_o of_o late_a time_n joannes_n buteo_n baptista_n aymus_n antonius_n maria_n joannes_n gryphiander_n and_o other_o therefore_o in_o that_o case_n a_o propriety_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o so_o of_o the_o river_n even_o of_o that_o which_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v of_o public_a and_o common_a use_n as_o well_o as_o of_o a_o field_n that_o have_v a_o common_a thoroughfare_a be_v common_a before_o to_o the_o owner_n that_o have_v land_n lie_v on_o both_o side_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n almost_o a_o island_n new_o spring_v up_o in_o any_o sea_n that_o never_o be_v possess_v by_o any_o and_o whatsoêver_o shall_v be_v build_v upon_o it_o become_v his_o that_o first_o enter_v it_o by_o occupation_n for_o the_o channel_n and_o that_o sea_n at_o first_o belong_v to_o all_o man_n in_o general_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o universal_a compact_n or_o agreement_n before_o mention_v whereby_o thing_n not_o yet_o possess_v be_v to_o become_v the_o propriety_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v first_o enjoie_v they_o by_o occupation_n he_o that_o shall_v so_o possess_v they_o by_o occupation_n receive_v the_o island_n and_o building_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o surrender_n of_o right_n from_o former_a owner_n see_v therefore_o that_o a_o propriety_n and_o private_a dominion_n of_o rivers_n have_v be_v every_o where_o acknowledge_v why_o shall_v it_o not_o be_v acknowledge_v in_o like_a manner_n that_o there_o may_v be_v owner_n of_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o since_o the_o fluid_a nature_n of_o water_n can_v no_o more_o hinder_v a_o dominion_n in_o the_o one_o then_o in_o the_o other_o yea_o the_o river_n themselves_o be_v only_o lesser_a sea_n as_o also_o the_o fen_n and_o lake_n even_o as_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o to_o its_o fluid_a constitution_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o river_n fen_n or_o lake_n differ_v only_o in_o bigness_n from_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o the_o very_a story_n of_o the_o creation_n all_o the_o gather_n together_o of_o the_o water_n be_v call_v sea_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v also_o by_o the_o 6._o father_n to_o this_o purpose_n there_o be_v also_o very_o eminent_a example_n in_o holy_a scripture_n touch_v the_o two_o lake_n of_o asphaltites_n and_o tiberias_n both_o which_o be_v equal_o call_v sea_n asphaltites_n be_v by_o pliny_n ptolemy_n josephus_n solinus_n and_o vitruvius_n term_v a_o lake_n but_o by_o moses_n 3._o the_o salt_n sea_n and_o by_o most_o of_o the_o late_a writer_n the_o dead_a sea_n tiberias_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o ancient_n and_o also_o
least_o allow_v such_o a_o dominion_n viii_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o inferior_a note_n all_o the_o testimony_n almost_o that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o this_o division_n be_v indeed_o domestic_a but_o so_o public_a and_o of_o so_o approve_a credit_n that_o hardly_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v imagine_v which_o may_v give_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o possession_n whether_o civil_a as_o they_o call_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o act_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o natural_a which_o require_n the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o man_n that_o plea_n to_o make_v enquiry_n especial_o if_o he_o add_v hereunto_o the_o judgement_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o foreign_a nation_n who_o it_o chief_o concern_v whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v also_o by_o and_o by_o but_o of_o these_o thing_n several_o and_o in_o order_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n chap._n fourteen_o as_o concern_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o this_o sea_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n therein_o that_o deserv_v special_a consideration_n 1._o the_o bare_a mention_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o guardian_n or_o admiral_n thereof_o in_o public_a record_n and_o history_n 2._o the_o tribute_n and_o custom_n impose_v demand_v or_o accustom_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o and_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o say_a custody_n and_o last_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o commission_n belong_v to_o this_o guard_n and_o english_a admiralty_n or_o government_n by_o sea_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o a_o guard_n or_o government_n institute_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n here_o call_v to_o mind_v those_o observation_n touch_v this_o kind_n of_o guard_n which_o have_v be_v already_o gather_v out_o of_o that_o record_n or_o breviarie_n of_o england_n call_v doomsday_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o say_v florentius_n of_o worcester_n give_v order_n to_o his_o butsecarli_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o take_v care_n that_o no_o person_n from_o the_o part_n of_o normandy_n approach_v the_o english_a coast_n the_o same_o say_v roger_n hoveden_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n almost_o save_v only_o that_o the_o print_a copy_n err_v in_o put_v buzsecarlis_n for_o butsecarlis_n these_o butsecarli_n or_o butescarles_n in_o the_o old_a english_a language_n be_v officer_n belong_v to_o the_o navy_n or_o sea-soldier_n as_o hutesecarli_n be_v domestic_a servant_n or_o officer_n in_o court_n and_o that_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n here_o signify_v to_o secure_v the_o sea_n itself_o not_o to_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n as_o sometime_o though_o seldom_o it_o do_v with_o land-force_n plain_o appear_v out_o of_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n in_o who_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o person_n who_o thus_o guard_v the_o sea_n be_v employ_v by_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n by_o sea_n against_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v then_o prepare_v a_o expedition_n against_o england_n now_o those_o public_a record_n be_v lose_v wherein_o the_o royal_a commission_n for_o the_o delegation_n of_o this_o command_n or_o government_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v register_v all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n betwixt_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n john_n but_o from_o thence_o through_o all_o the_o succeed_a age_n unto_o this_o present_a time_n it_o be_v as_o clear_a as_o day_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o constitute_v governor_n or_o commander_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o guard_v the_o english_a sea_n and_o be_v the_o 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eastern_a shore_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n be_v say_v to_o guard_v the_o dorso_fw-la coast_n of_o england_n and_o the_o sea_n so_o hugh_n de_fw-fr crequeur_n be_v warden_n of_o the_o 14._o cinque-port_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o those_o part_n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n very_o often_o change_v into_o that_o of_o admiral_n edward_n the_o first_o say_v thomas_n of_o 1295._o walsingham_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o sea_n divide_v his_o ship_n into_o three_o fleet_n set_v over_o they_o three_o admiral_n namely_o over_o the_o ship_n at_o yarmouth_n and_o the_o road_n thereabouts_o john_n the_o botetort_n over_o those_o at_o portsmouth_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n and_o over_o the_o western_a and_o irish_a ship_n a_o certain_a irish_a knight_n moreover_o also_o that_o john_n de_fw-fr butetort_n be_v in_o the_o 5._o record_n of_o that_o time_n style_v custos_fw-la maritimae_n as_o be_v other_o also_o after_o this_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o three_o admiral_n of_o the_o three_o several_a coast_n of_o england_n say_v 22._o walsingham_n have_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n namely_o sir_n john_n oturvin_n sir_n nicolas_n kyriel_n sir_n john_n felton_n we_o find_v moreover_o in_o our_o 2._o public_a record_n that_o the_o principal_a end_n of_o call_v a_o parliament_n in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o be_v de_n treter_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr guard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pee_z de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n d'escoce_fw-mi &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a i._n e._n that_o consultation_n may_v be_v have_v concern_v keep_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o land_n also_o of_o the_o border_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n the_o same_o regard_n they_o have_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o the_o island_n or_o land-province_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n together_o make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n other_o evidence_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n we_o find_v in_o the_o 21._o record_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n time_n or_o in_o the_o consultation_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v about_o this_o matter_n that_o whilst_o they_o treat_v indifferent_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr concern_v the_o safeguard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufeguard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_n the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o seem_v sufficient_o to_o declare_v be_v well_o inform_v by_o their_o ancestor_n that_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o do_v belong_v unto_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o the_o business_n debate_v by_o they_o be_v not_o only_a how_o to_o provide_v a_o navy_n to_o make_v resistance_n against_o their_o enemy_n by_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o guard_v the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o secure_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o so_o for_o the_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o their_o king_n in_o both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o hugh_n calverlee_n be_v make_v admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v parâ—_n walsingham_n and_o m_o r_o thomas_n percy_n join_v in_o commission_n with_o he_o to_o scour_v the_o road_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o one_o year_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o king_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o two_o succeed_a henries_n the_o four_o and_o the_o five_o debate_n be_v have_v in_o 6._o parliament_n about_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o the_o guard_n 27._o of_o the_o sea_n be_v with_o a_o numerous_a navy_n commit_v to_o richard_n earl_n of_o salisbury_n john_n earl_n of_o shrewsburie_n john_n earl_n of_o worcester_n and_z james_z earl_n of_o wilts_n to_o who_o be_v add_v baron_n sturton_n and_o afterward_o to_o john_n duke_n
neptune_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n 1_o of_o thou_o great_a state_n the_o god_n of_o wave_n in_o equal_a wrong_n assistance_n crave_n defend_v thyself_o and_o i_o for_o if_o over_o sea_n there_o be_v no_o sway_n my_o godhead_n clean_o be_v take_v away_o the_o sceptre_n pluck_v from_o thou_o such_o as_o over_o sea_n all_o sovereignty_n oppose_v though_o seem_a friend_n to_o both_o be_v true_o foe_n 2_o nor_o can_v i_o think_v my_o suit_n be_v vain_a that_o land_n the_o sea_n shall_v now_o maintain_v since_o retribution_n due_a and_o england_n have_v great_a wealth_n possess_v by_o sea_n access_n and_o thereby_o blessed_v with_o plenty_n not_o a_o few_o which_o next_o the_o virtue_n of_o thy_o watchful_a eye_n will_v her_o secure_a from_o foreign_a miserle_n 3_o thy_o great_a endeavour_n to_o encrea_n the_o marine_a power_n do_v confess_v thou_o act'st_a some_o great_a design_n which_o have_v seven_o henry_n do_v before_o columbus_n launch_v from_o spanish_a shore_n the_o indies_n have_v be_v thou_o yet_o do_v thy_o sea_n those_o indian_a mine_n excel_v in_o riches_n far_o the_o belgian_n know_v it_o well_o 4_o what_o wealth_n or_o glory_n may_v arise_v by_o the_o north-west_n discovery_n be_v due_a unto_o thy_o care_n the_o adopt_v they_o with_o english_a name_n the_o greatness_n of_o thy_o mind_n proclaim_v we_o and_o what_o thy_o action_n be_v new_a sea_n thou_o gain_v &_o to_o the_o ancient_a four_o by_o edgar_n leave_v thou_o adde_v many_o more_o 5_o if_o little_a venice_n bring_v we_o alone_o such_o wave_n to_o her_o subjection_n as_o in_o the_o gulf_n do_v stir_v what_o then_o shall_v great_a britannia_n plea_n but_o rule_n as_o lady_n over_o all_o sea_n and_o thou_o as_o queen_n of_o she_o for_o sea-dominion_n may_v as_o well_o be_v gain_v by_o new_a acquest_n as_o by_o descent_n maintain_v 6_o go_v on_o great_a state_n and_o make_v it_o know_v thou_o never_o will_v forsake_v thy_o own_o nor_o from_o thy_o purpose_n start_v but_o that_o thou_o will_v thy_o power_n dilate_v since_o narrow_a sea_n be_v find_v too_o straight_o for_o thy_o capacious_a heart_n so_o shall_v thy_o rule_n and_o i_o have_v large_a extent_n yet_o not_o so_o large_a as_o just_a and_o permanent_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n two_o book_n in_o the_o first_o be_v show_v that_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n be_v not_o common_a to_o all_o man_n but_o capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n in_o the_o second_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n or_o that_o which_o incompass_v the_o isle_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o part_n or_o appendant_a of_o the_o empire_n of_o that_o island_n written_a at_o first_o in_o latin_a and_o entitle_v mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la seu_fw-la de_fw-fr dominio_fw-la maris_fw-la by_o john_n selden_n esquire_n translate_v into_o english_a and_o set_v forth_o with_o some_o additional_a evidence_n and_o discourse_n by_o marchamont_n nedham_n publish_a by_o special_a command_n london_n print_v by_o william_n dugard_n by_o the_o appointment_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o ship_n at_o the_o new-exchange_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1652._o to_o the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n right_a honourable_a i_o shall_v not_o have_v presume_v thus_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o so_o many_o great_a affair_n to_o press_v into_o your_o presence_n do_v i_o not_o bring_v a_o present_a in_o my_o hand_n most_o worthy_a of_o your_o acceptance_n it_o be_v that_o learned_a and_o elaborate_a work_n entitle_v mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la a_o piece_n so_o full_o vindicate_v your_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o clear_a evidence_n of_o reason_n and_o record_v from_o all_o antiquity_n that_o it_o stand_v more_o 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lawful_o restrain_v any_o other_o whatsoëver_n it_o can_v be_v amiss_o for_o any_o one_o to_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n which_o may_v pass_v into_o the_o dominion_n of_o any_o person_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o dominion_n shut_v to_o all_o other_o who_o be_v not_o owner_n or_o that_o do_v not_o enjoy_v such_o a_o peculiar_a right_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o as_o that_o whereby_o in_o that_o winter-season_n they_o become_v unnavigable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o say_v vegetius_n but_o true_o there_o be_v another_o and_o far_o clear_a meaning_n of_o the_o title_n the_o simple_a sens_fw-fr of_o its_o term_n do_v denote_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o shut_v up_o or_o separate_v and_o seclude_v for_o private_a dominion_n no_o otherwise_o than_o the_o land_n or_o a_o port_n by_o bound_n limit_n and_o other_o note_n and_o circumstance_n of_o private_a dominion_n and_o that_o by_o all_o kind_n of_o law_n that_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o those_o special_a restriction_n &_o qualification_n of_o law_n which_o various_o intervene_v vanish_v and_o return_v all_o other_o be_v exclude_v from_o a_o use_n of_o the_o same_o for_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o claudere_fw-la to_o shut_v do_v not_o only_o denote_v the_o mere_a simple_a act_n of_o shut_v as_o we_o say_v de_fw-fr januis_fw-la oculisve_fw-la clausis_fw-la of_o gate_n or_o one_o eye_n be_v shut_v clauso_fw-la agmine_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v in_o that_o of_o 3._o lucan_n brachia_n nec_fw-la licuit_fw-la vasto_fw-la jactare_fw-la profundo_fw-la sed_fw-la clauso_fw-la periere_fw-la mari._n which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o seamen_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o keel_n of_o their_o ship_n turn_v upward_o but_o also_o it_o very_o often_o signifie'_v that_o which_o be_v consequent_a either_o to_o a_o denial_n of_o the_o free_a use_n of_o the_o thing_n shut_v as_o also_o the_o propriety_n and_o dominion_n of_o he_o that_o shut'_v it_o so_o say_v venus_n in_o 1._o virgil_n to_o jupiter_n quid_fw-la troâ—s_fw-la potuere_fw-la quibus_fw-la tot_fw-la funera_fw-la passis_fw-la cunctus_fw-la ob_fw-la italiam_fw-la terrarum_fw-la claudiditur_fw-la orbis_n clauditur_fw-la orbis_n the_o world_n shut_v that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o free_a use_n of_o the_o world_n be_v forbid_v they_o or_o not_o permit_v and_o 10._o propertius_n non_fw-la clausisset_fw-la aquas_fw-la ipsa_fw-la noverca_fw-la svas_fw-la he_o speak_v of_o the_o sacred_a fountain_n of_o juno_n which_o be_v appropriate_a to_o the_o female_a sex_n as_o owner_n and_o so_o prohibit_v to_o hercules_n and_o all_o male_n whatsoëver_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o tencteri_n speak_v to_o the_o same_o sens_fw-fr also_o to_o the_o agrippinenses_n in_o â—_o tacitus_n we_o rejoice_v in_o your_o behalf_n that_o at_o length_n you_o shall_v be_v free_a among_o they_o that_o be_v free_a for_o to_o this_o day_n the_o roman_n have_v shut_v up_o the_o river_n and_o land_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o very_a aër_fw-la to_o hinder_v and_o restrain_v our_o conference_n and_o meeting_n and_o in_o the_o same_o author_n cerialis_n plead_v to_o the_o treveri_n and_o lingones_n except_o tribute_n say_v he_o other_o thing_n remain_v in_o common_a you_o your_o selus_fw-la for_o the_o most_o part_n command_v our_o legion_n you_o rule_v these_o and_o other_o province_n nihil_fw-la separatum_fw-la clausúmve_fw-la nothing_o be_v separate_v or_o shut_v many_o other_o passage_n there_o be_v of_o that_o kind_n pliny_n also_o say_v of_o the_o sea_n themselves_o 9_o interiora_fw-la maria_fw-la clauduntur_fw-la ut_fw-la portu_fw-la the_o inner_a sea_n be_v shut_v as_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o the_o same_o author_n in_o 15._o another_o say_v mare_n tyrrhenum_n à _fw-la lucrino_fw-la molibus_fw-la seclusum_fw-la the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n be_v seclude_v or_o shut_v apart_o by_o pile_n from_o the_o lucrine_n and_o 2._o tacitus_n tutum_fw-la seclusum_fw-la mare_fw-la the_o sea_n be_v safe_a be_v seclude_v i_o hat_n panegyrist_n also_o to_o constantius_n say_v of_o the_o frank_n that_o rob_v heretofore_o in_o a_o piratic_a manner_n as_o well_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a as_o the_o open_a sea_n eventu_fw-la temeritatis_fw-la ostenderant_fw-la nihil_fw-la esse_fw-la clausum_fw-la piraticae_fw-la disperationi_fw-la quo_fw-la navigiis_fw-la pateret_fw-la accessus_fw-la they_o make_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o event_n of_o their_o rashness_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v shut_v against_o the_o desperation_n of_o pirate_n where_o there_o may_v be_v a_o access_n for_o ship_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o sea_n be_v not_o so_o shut_v against_o pirate_n by_o the_o roman_a emperor_n but_o that_o they_o free_o use_v depredation_n therein_o in_o a_o word_n that_o which_o be_v say_v by_o 10._o ambrose_n possidere_fw-la fretum_fw-la &_o spatia_fw-la maris_fw-la sibi_fw-la vendicare_fw-la jure_fw-la mancipii_fw-la to_o possess_v a_o narrow_a sea_n and_o challenge_n space_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o right_a of_o subjection_n be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o that_o of_o 16._o columella_n maria_n ipsa_fw-la neptunúmque_fw-la claudere_fw-la to_o shut_v the_o sea_n themselves_o and_o neptune_n and_o so_o mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la be_v the_o sea_n possess_v in_o a_o private_a manner_n or_o so_o seclude_v both_o by_o right_n and_o occupation_n that_o it_o cease_v to_o be_v common_a that_o be_v be_v claim_v by_o right_o of_o subjection_n upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o those_o angles_n be_v call_v anguli_fw-la clausares_fw-la whereby_o the_o acâ—â—s_n century_n in_o the_o assignation_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_n do_v so_o touch_v one_o another_o that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v thereby_o how_o far_o the_o right_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o particular_a person_n do_v extend_v as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o constituendis_fw-la hygenus_fw-la neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o what_o may_v be_v right_o say_v in_o this_o since_o to_o be_v shut_v shall_v be_v shut_v or_o enclose_v by_o some_o continue_a fence_n or_o by_o a_o continue_a tract_n of_o some_o
chap._n xxxi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o scotish_n sea_n especial_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o north._n pag._n 443_o chap._n xxxii_o touch_v that_o right_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o main_a and_o open_a sea_n of_o the_o north._n and_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o work_n pag._n 447_o amend_v the_o error_n thus_o pag._n 2._o lin_v 31._o read_v question_n p._n 15._o l._n 25._o r._n hostage_n blot_v out_o right_o p._n 29._o l._n 2._o also_o over_o all_o other_o p._n 33._o l._n 7._o r._n thus_o it_o be_v p._n 38._o l._n 27._o r._n within_o the_o creek_n p._n 49._o l._n 31._o r._n that_o of_o neptune_n p._n 53._o l._n 29._o r._n in_o any_o wise_a p._n 56._o l._n 6._o r._n or_o which_o ibid._n l._n 14._o r._n translation_n p._n 61._o l._n 2._o r._n hereto_o p._n 64._o l._n 22._o r._n in_o the_o first_o p._n 70._o 31._o r._n they_o require_v p._n 71._o l._n 9_o r._n antigonus_n witty_o reply_v that_o he_o himself_o p._n 74._o l._n 6._o r._n counsel_n p._n 75._o l._n 21._o r._n first_o ibid._n l._n 28._o r._n league_n that_o be_v p._n 79._o l._n 28._o r._n miscâ—um_fw-la p._n 82._o l._n 5._o r._n account_n ibid._n l._n 26._o r._n theodosius_n p._n 87._o l._n 13._o r._n that_o it_o can_v p._n 94._o l._n 30._o r._n that_o servitude_n p._n 95._o l._n 14._o r._n that_o servitude_n be_v impose_v p._n 95._o l._n 19_o r._n this_o servitude_n p._n 98._o l._n 2._o r._n â—â—lls_v p._n 105._o l._n 12._o r._n of_o p._n 106._o l._n 10._o r._n or_o p._n 123._o l._n 25._o r._n place_n according_a p._n 129._o l._n 11._o r._n i_o run_v p._n 142._o l._n 32._o r._n may_v be_v p._n 144._o l._n 11._o r._n alciaâ—â—â—_n p._n 156._o l._n 1._o r._n contemporatie_n p_o 161._o l._n 19_o r._n be_v it_o say_v p._n 163._o l._n 9_o r._n cotton_n p._n 184._o l._n 12._o r._n bacangâ—_n p._n 189._o l._n 4._o r._n too_o much_o p._n 190._o l._n 23._o r._n their._n p._n 192._o l._n 27._o r._n trim_v p._n 203._o l._n 2d_o r._n i_o be_o p._n â—â—â—_o l._n 4._o r._n thrive_v p._n 218._o l._n 30._o r._n throughout_o britain_n p._n 221._o l._n 6._o r._n throughout_o britain_n p._n 232._o l._n 17._o r._n at_o that_o time_n p._n 243._o l._n 31._o r._n or_o strand_n p._n 250._o l._n 28._o r._n danemarc_n p._n 255._o in_o the_o margin_n r._n coâ—â—onianâ—_n p._n 281._o l._n 12._o r._n achilles_n tatius_n p._n 303._o l._n 29._o r._n entenâ—_n p._n 306._o l._n 8._o r._n office_n of_o our_o p._n 315._o l._n 25._o r._n â—uisâ—es_o p._n 316._o l._n 20._o r._n guisâ—es_n and_o amiens_n p._n 317._o l._n 6._o r._n the_o opposite_a p._n 322._o l._n 31._o r._n piecemeal_o p._n 328._o l._n 24._o r._n account_n p._n 333._o l._n 14._o r._n caesarea_n p._n 336._o l._n 2._o r._n so_o that_o it_o ibid._n l._n 5._o r._n know_v ibid._n l._n 23._o r._n english_a by_o norman_a p._n 339._o l._n 16._o r._n the_o islander_n p._n 384._o l._n 31._o r._n of_o a_o public_a p._n 413._o l._n 1._o r._n be_v his_o plduciarie_n p._n 448._o l._n 11._o r._n feroâ—_n of_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n book_n i._n the_o division_n of_o the_o work_n and_o the_o method_n of_o the_o first_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o design_n be_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n encompass_v the_o isle_n of_o great_a britain_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o same_o two_o main_a particular_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o law_n the_o other_o matter_n of_o fact_n both_o of_o they_o be_v denominate_v as_o be_v usual_a from_o the_o major_a part_n for_o as_o the_o point_n of_o law_n have_v many_o thing_n mingle_v with_o it_o which_o manifest_o arise_v from_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o this_o of_o fact_n comprehend'_v not_o a_o few_o which_o relate_v unto_o that_o of_o law_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o point_n of_o law_n this_o question_n fall_v chief_o under_o debate_n to_o wit_n whether_o by_o law_n the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n and_o by_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v mean_v only_o such_o a_o collection_n of_o testimony_n or_o clear_o show_v forth_o of_o evidence_n by_o which_o may_v be_v prove_v and_o maintain_v the_o long_a and_o continual_a conjunction_n with_o the_o british_a empire_n of_o enjoiment_n and_o possession_n or_o lawful_a prescription_n whereupon_o as_o on_o a_o most_o strong_a title_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n herein_o may_v be_v found_v it_o be_v first_o make_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v not_o only_o not_o repugnant_a by_o any_o law_n to_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n but_o every_o way_n capable_a thereof_o to_o each_o of_o these_o particular_n a_o several_a book_n be_v allot_v in_o the_o first_o be_v discuss_v matter_n of_o law_n in_o the_o second_o that_o which_o concern_v matter_n of_o fact_n for_o except_o manifest_a proof_n be_v make_v of_o the_o first_o point_n it_o will_v be_v utter_o in_o vain_a to_o discourse_n about_o the_o second_o but_o for_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o first_o book_n it_o seem_v meet_v to_o observe_v such_o a_o method_n as_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o lay_v open_a the_o rise_n or_o original_a ground_n of_o those_o dispute_n that_o have_v occasion_v this_o enquiry_n into_o the_o point_n of_o law_n together_o with_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o man_n who_o deny_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o ownership_n or_o that_o it_o may_v pass_v into_o the_o propriety_n of_o any_o one_o particular_a so_o as_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o exclude_v it_o from_o be_v common_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n next_o be_v premise_v some_o thing_n for_o explain_v the_o term_n of_o the_o question_n that_o it_o may_v be_v clear_o thence_o understand_v as_o well_o what_o kind_n of_o medium_n be_v to_o be_v use_v as_o what_o the_o thing_n be_v whereof_o we_o intend_v to_o treat_v lest_o by_o neglect_n of_o such_o a_o cours_n we_o be_v perplex_v with_o doubt_n about_o the_o notion_n and_o acceptation_n either_o of_o the_o term_n themselves_o or_o of_o the_o subject_a in_o controversy_n after_o this_o preparation_n thus_o due_o make_v it_o be_v then_o demonstrate_v that_o not_o only_o no_o kind_n of_o law_n whatsoëver_o right_o understand_v do_v deny_v a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n but_o that_o all_o kind_n of_o law_n even_o the_o most_o know_a and_o approve_v whereof_o there_o may_v be_v any_o use_n in_o dispute_n of_o this_o nature_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o allow_v a_o propriety_n and_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n last_o the_o objection_n usual_o bring_v against_o such_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v clear_v and_o answer_v and_o with_o these_o we_o shall_v now_o begin_v for_o the_o method_n of_o the_o second_o book_n be_v more_o convenient_o put_v there_o before_o it_o what_o occurrence_n seem_v to_o oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o sea_n and_o what_o argument_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v against_o it_o chap._n ii_o the_o argument_n usual_o bring_v against_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n some_o be_v draw_v from_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n passage_n and_o travel_v other_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n from_o the_o write_n and_o testimony_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n or_o traffic_n and_o travel_v this_o some_o man_n affirm_v to_o be_v so_o natural_a that_o they_o say_v it_o can_v no_o where_n be_v abolish_v by_o any_o law_n or_o custom_n yea_o and_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v unjust_a to_o deny_v merchant_n or_o stranger_n the_o benefit_n of_o port_n provision_n commerce_n and_o navigation_n add_v moreover_o that_o war_n have_v be_v just_o commence_v upon_o denial_n of_o port_n trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o for_o proof_n they_o produce_v the_o example_n of_o the_o megarans_n 12._o against_o the_o athenian_n the_o bononian_n 20._o against_o the_o venetian_n and_o of_o the_o spaniard_n against_o those_o of_o the_o west_n indies_n for_o that_o the_o expedition_n of_o spain_n against_o the_o american_n be_v pretend_v by_o very_o learned_a man_n to_o be_v upon_o a_o 2._o just_a ground_n because_o they_o deny_v they_o a_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n within_o their_o shore_n and_o port_n and_o in_o justification_n hereof_o they_o use_v that_o of_o virgil_n as_o speak_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n quod_fw-la genus_fw-la 1._o hoc_fw-la hominum_fw-la quaeve_fw-la hunc_fw-la tam_fw-la barbara_fw-la morem_fw-la permittit_fw-la
patria_fw-la â—ospitio_fw-la prohibemur_fw-la arenae_n what_o barbarous_a land_n this_o custom_n own_v his_o what_o sort_n of_o man_n be_v these_o we_o be_v forbid_v their_o port._n now_o if_o such_o a_o propriety_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v admit_v that_o man_n may_v be_v forbid_v the_o liberty_n of_o navigation_n and_o port_n at_o the_o will_n of_o any_o proprietor_n then_o say_v they_o it_o will_v be_v a_o infringement_n of_o that_o law_n of_o commerce_n and_o travel_n by_o they_o style_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o they_o will_v not_o have_v to_o be_v endure_v touch_v the_o second_o sort_n of_o objection_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o it_o be_v common_o allege_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v alter_v and_o shift_v every_o moment_n and_o the_o state_n of_o it_o through_o a_o continue_a succession_n of_o new_a water_n always_o so_o uncertain_a and_o remain_n so_o little_a the_o same_o in_o all_o thing_n the_o channel_n only_o except_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v ever_o be_v retain_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o one_o particular_a moreover_o they_o say_v the_o nature_n of_o possession_n consist'_v chief_o in_o a_o separation_n or_o distinction_n of_o limit_n and_o bound_n but_o no_o such_o material_n or_o instrument_n can_v possible_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n as_o that_o the_o law_n for_o regulation_n of_o bound_n which_o have_v a_o principal_a place_n in_o all_o controversy_n about_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n may_v be_v ground_v thereupon_o they_o produce_v also_o a_o say_n out_o of_o 10._o s_o t_o ambrose_n speak_v about_o the_o lurking-hole_n or_o hold_v of_o fish_n geometram_fw-la audivimus_fw-la thalassometram_fw-la nunquam_fw-la audivimus_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la pisces_fw-la mensâ—ras_fw-la svas_fw-la nôrunt_fw-la i_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o geometrician_n or_o one_o that_o can_v measure_v land_n but_o never_o of_o a_o thalassometrician_n one_o that_o can_v measure_v or_o lay_v out_o bound_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o the_o fish_n know_v their_o own_o bound_n they_o be_v please_v likewise_o to_o insinuate_v what_o a_o world_n of_o sea_n room_n there_o be_v that_o all_o nation_n may_v have_v sufficient_a for_o water_v fish_v and_o navigation_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o peculiar_a dominion_n thereof_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v appropriate_v unto_o any_o a_o three_o sort_n of_o argument_n lie_v in_o those_o testimony_n that_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o ancient_a writer_n partly_o out_o of_o old_a poet_n divine_n and_o other_o write_v of_o other_o subject_n partly_o from_o such_o lawyer_n as_o handle_v the_o matter_n purposely_o of_o the_o first_o kind_n be_v that_o of_o gripus_n the_o fisherman_n and_o trachalio_n the_o slave_n as_o they_o be_v bring_v upon_o the_o stage_n by_o plautus_n quarrel_v about_o a_o bag_n that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n 4._o gr._n mare_fw-la quidem_fw-la common_a certò_fw-la est_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tr._n assentio_fw-la quî_fw-la minùs_fw-la hunc_fw-la communem_fw-la quaeso_fw-la mihi_fw-la oportet_fw-la esse_fw-la vidulum_fw-la in_o mari_n inventum_fw-la est_fw-la commune_fw-la est_fw-la gr._n the_o sea_n be_v common_a certain_o to_o all_o tr._n true_a why_o not_o this_o bag_n to_o i_o then_o too_o thou_o brawâ—_n it_o be_v find_v within_o the_o sea_n therefore_o common_a it_o must_v be_v they_o produce_v likewise_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o supplicatorie_a speech_n of_o latona_n to_o a_o rustic_a rout_n in_o lycia_n as_o it_o in_o ovid_n 〈…〉_o quid_fw-la prohibetis_fw-la aquas_fw-la usus_fw-la communis_fw-la aquarum_fw-la est_fw-la nec_fw-la solemn_a proprium_fw-la natura_fw-la nec_fw-la aëra_fw-la fecit_fw-la nec_fw-la tenues_fw-la undas_fw-la in_o publica_fw-la munera_fw-la veni_fw-la why_o hinder_v you_o say_v she_o the_o use_n of_o water_n that_o to_o all_o be_v free_a the_o sun_n aër_fw-la water_n nature_n do_v not_o frame_v peculiar_a a_o public_a gift_n i_o claim_v and_o that_o of_o virgil_n too_o 〈…〉_o littúsque_fw-la rogamus_fw-la innocuum_fw-la &_o cunctis_fw-la undâ—mque_fw-la aurâ—mque_fw-la patentem_fw-la nothing_o but_o what_o be_v common_a we_o implore_v free_a aèr_n and_o water_n and_o a_o harmless_a shore_n phaenicides_n say_v also_o in_o athenaeus_n 〈…〉_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o memorable_a say_n of_o certain_a jewish_a rabbin_n who_o when_o they_o acknowledge_v alexander_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n do_v it_o nevertheless_o with_o this_o caution_n that_o they_o conceive_v he_o have_v by_o his_o conquest_n gain_v a_o sovereignty_n only_o over_o the_o earth_n or_o dry_a land_n but_o none_o at_o all_o over_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v subject_n only_o to_o god_n himself_o as_o its_o sole_a commander_n the_o word_n be_v these_o out_o of_o the_o hebrew_n 3._o non_fw-la dominabatur_fw-la in_o mari_n sed_fw-la deus_fw-la o._n m._n dominatur_fw-la tà m_fw-la in_o mari_n quà m_fw-la in_o tellure_n he_o rule_v not_o over_o the_o sea_n but_o god_n almighty_a be_v he_o only_o that_o rule_n be_v by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o land_n the_o second_o kind_n of_o argument_n here_o find_v among_o the_o lawyer_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la omnium_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la illa_fw-la aër_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o per_fw-la hoc_fw-la littora_fw-la maris_fw-la item_n nemo_fw-la ad_fw-la littus_fw-la maris_fw-la accedere_fw-la probibetur_fw-la piscandi_fw-la caussâ_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o aedificiis_fw-la &_o monimentis_fw-la abstineatur_fw-la quia_fw-la non_fw-la juris_fw-la gentium_fw-la sicut_fw-la &_o mare_fw-la idque_fw-la divus_o pius_fw-la piscatoribus_fw-la formianis_fw-la &_o capenatis_fw-la rescripsit_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o aër_fw-la rivers_n the_o sea_n and_o its_o shore_n be_v common_a to_o all_o also_o none_o be_v prohibit_v to_o use_v fish_v upon_o the_o shore_n as_o long_o as_o they_o meddle_v not_o with_o lowns_z building_n and_o monument_n in_o regard_n these_o be_v not_o common_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o be_v the_o sea_n and_o this_o be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o emperor_n antonius_n pius_n to_o the_o fisher_n man_n of_o formiae_n and_o capena_n which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n use_v by_o divisione_n marcianus_n the_o lawyer_n and_o by_o quidem_fw-la justiâ—â—ion_n in_o his_o institution_n and_o ulpian_n praediorum_fw-la mari_n quod_fw-la naturâ_fw-la omnibus_fw-la patet_fw-la servitus_fw-la imponi_fw-la privatâ_fw-la lege_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n free_a for_o all_o can_v be_v vassalise_v by_o any_o particular_a law_n and_o in_o another_o place_n say_v he_o infecto_fw-la mare_n common_a omnium_fw-la est_fw-la &_o litora_fw-la sicut_fw-la aër_fw-la et_fw-la est_fw-la saepissime_fw-la rescriptum_fw-la non_fw-la posse_fw-la quem_fw-la piscari_fw-la prohiberi_fw-la the_o sea_n and_o shores_n be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o the_o aër_fw-la and_o we_o find_v it_o very_o often_o prescribe_v or_o command_v by_o the_o emperor_n that_o none_o be_v prohibit_v from_o fish_v with_o which_o agree'_v also_o that_o say_n of_o 1._o celsus_n maris_fw-la esse_fw-la usum_fw-la communem_fw-la omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la ut_fw-la aëris_fw-la a_o freedom_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o aër_fw-la be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n in_o like_a manner_n some_o will_v have_v it_o that_o the_o roman_a emperor_n himself_o be_v lord_n only_o of_o the_o land_n and_o not_o of_o the_o sea_n for_o proof_n whereof_o they_o mention_v a_o answer_n give_v by_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n rhodiam_fw-la se_fw-la quidem_fw-la mundi_fw-la dominum_fw-la esse_fw-la legem_fw-la autem_fw-la maris_fw-la that_o himself_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n pretend_v this_o answer_n of_o he_o to_o be_v common_o understand_v as_o if_o he_o refuse_v to_o arrogate_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n unto_o himself_o and_o in_o the_o 13._o basilica_n or_o law_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n we_o find_v it_o thus_o write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o shore_n be_v within_o the_o power_n of_o all_o man_n so_o also_o say_v michaël_n attaliates_n a_o man_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o that_o empire_n 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d some_o thing_n be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o aër_fw-la fountain_n the_o sea_n shores_n and_o river_n and_o the_o sum_n be_v that_o some_o ancient_a lawyer_n of_o both_o empire_n write_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n which_o if_o it_o be_v true_o prove_v either_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o from_o either_o of_o those_o law_n than_o it_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v admit_v that_o the_o sea_n may_v become_v the_o peculiar_a possession_n of_o any_o one_o unless_o a_o change_n be_v make_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v common_o say_v to_o be_v altogether_o unchangeable_a or_o that_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n that_o have_v interest_n herein_o be_v obtain_v to_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n and_o
therefore_o from_o thence_o they_o seem_v to_o hold_v that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n can_v be_v attein_v by_o any_o ancient_a usage_n custom_n or_o prescription_n nor_o under_o any_o other_o pretence_n or_o title_n whatsoëver_o for_o faith_n they_o no_o plea_n or_o bar_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v against_o nature_n nor_o as_o usurpationibus_fw-la papinian_n say_v be_v a_o prescription_n of_o long_a possession_n wont_a to_o be_v admit_v for_o the_o hold_n of_o such_o place_n as_o be_v public_a and_o common_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o these_o ancient_a lawyer_n here_o mention_v be_v follow_v by_o no_o small_a train_n of_o interpreter_n though_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o even_o of_o they_o who_o restrain_v and_o qualify_v that_o ancient_a opinion_n more_o way_n than_o one_o touch_v the_o necessity_n of_o a_o common_a intercour_n and_o freedom_n at_o sea_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o but_o of_o our_o modern_a lawyer_n those_o that_o have_v appear_v most_o forward_o in_o oppose_v a_o right_a of_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v only_o two_o both_o indeed_o very_o eminent_a man_n but_o of_o unequal_a learning_n and_o elegancy_n of_o wit_n by_o name_n fernandus_n vasquius_fw-la the_o spaniard_n and_o hugo_n grotius_n the_o hollander_n the_o former_a a_o honourable_a counsellor_n to_o king_n philip_n the_o 3._o of_o spain_n in_o his_o high_a court_n of_o exchequer_n the_o late_a be_v heretofore_o advocate_n fiscal_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o west-friesland_n and_o most_o deserve_o adorn_v with_o divers_a other_o honour_n in_o his_o own_o country_n a_o man_n of_o a_o acute_a judgement_n and_o for_o his_o excellency_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o learning_n incomparable_a but_o vasquius_fw-la in_o his_o discourse_n both_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n as_o also_o concern_v the_o right_n of_o dominion_n prescription_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n speak_v to_o this_o effect_n etc._n from_o hence_o say_v he_o it_o appear_v how_o little_a esteem_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o suppose_v that_o the_o genoëse_n or_o venetian_n may_v without_o injury_n forbid_v other_o to_o sail_v through_o the_o gulf_n in_o their_o respective_a sea_n as_o if_o they_o can_v have_v lay_v claim_n to_o those_o sea_n by_o prescription_n which_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o the_o imperial_a law_n above_o mention_v but_o also_o against_o the_o primitive_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n which_o can_v be_v alter_v and_o that_o it_o be_v against_o this_o law_n be_v evident_a because_o by_o the_o same_o law_n not_o only_o the_o sea_n but_o all_o other_o immovable_a thing_n whatsoëver_o be_v common_a and_o although_o in_o aftertime_n that_o law_n come_v to_o be_v abolish_v in_o part_n so_o far_a as_o concern_v the_o dominion_n and_o propriety_n of_o land_n which_o be_v enjoy_v in_o common_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v afterward_o distinguish_v divide_v and_o so_o separate_v from_o that_o common_a use_n yet_o it_o have_v be_v otherwise_o and_o be_v still_o as_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o world_n to_o this_o present_a day_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v in_o common_a without_o the_o least_o alteration_n as_o it_o be_v general_o know_v and_o though_o i_o hear_v many_o of_o the_o portugal_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n that_o their_o king_n have_v have_v such_o a_o ancient_a title_n by_o prescription_n in_o that_o vast_a ocean_n of_o the_o west-indies_n so_o that_o other_o nation_n have_v no_o right_a to_o sail_v through_o those_o sea_n and_o also_o that_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o our_o own_o nation_n of_o spain_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n that_o no_o people_n whatsoëver_o but_o spaniard_n have_v any_o right_a to_o sail_v through_o that_o immense_a and_o most_o spacious_a sea_n to_o those_o indian_a country_n that_o have_v be_v subdue_v by_o the_o most_o mighty_a king_n of_o spain_n as_o if_o they_o only_o have_v a_o right_a by_o prescription_n thereto_o yet_o all_o these_o man_n opinion_n be_v no_o less_o vain_a and_o foolish_a then_o they_o who_o use_v to_o dream_v the_o same_o thing_n of_o the_o genoeses_n and_o venetian_n the_o folly_n of_o which_o opinion_n appear_v the_o more_o clear_o even_o in_o this_o respect_n because_o neither_o of_o those_o nation_n single_o consider_v can_v prescribe_v aught_o against_o themselves_o that_o be_v to_o say_v neither_o the_o republic_n of_o venice_n against_o itself_o nor_o that_o of_o genoa_n against_o itself_o nor_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n against_o itself_o nor_o that_o of_o portugal_n against_o itself_o for_o there_o ought_v ever_o to_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n much_o less_o can_v they_o prescribe_v aught_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o other_o nation_n because_o the_o law_n of_o prescription_n be_v pure_o civil_a therefore_o such_o a_o law_n can_v be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o decide_v controversy_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o prince_n or_o people_n that_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a for_o the_o peculiar_a civil_a law_n of_o every_o country_n be_v of_o no_o more_o value_n as_o to_o foreign_a country_n and_o nation_n or_o their_o people_n then_o if_o such_o a_o law_n be_v not_o in_o be_v or_o never_o have_v be_v â—nd_v therefore_o in_o controversy_n of_o that_o nature_n recours_fw-fr must_v be_v have_v unto_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n original_a or_o secondary_a which_o law_n certain_o do_v never_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o prescription_n or_o usurpation_n of_o title_n over_o the_o sea_n other_o matter_n he_o have_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v a_o very_a confident_a opposer_n of_o any_o peculiar_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n but_o in_o the_o year_n md_o cix_o it_o be_v the_o year_n after_o that_o large_a treaty_n hold_v at_o the_o hage_n betwixt_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o hollander_n about_o freedom_n of_o trade_n and_o navigation_n to_o the_o east-indies_n there_o be_v publish_v that_o book_n of_o hugo_n grotius_n entitle_v mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n concern_v that_o right_n which_o the_o hollander_n have_v to_o trade_n in_o the_o indies_n wherein_o he_o endeavor_n first_o to_o prove_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n for_o all_o man_n whatsoëver_o which_o way_n they_o plea_n so_o that_o they_o can_v without_o injury_n be_v molest_v at_o sea_n next_o that_o the_o atlantic_a and_o southern_a ocean_n or_o the_o right_n of_o navigation_n to_o the_o indies_n be_v not_o nor_o indeed_o can_v be_v any_o peculiar_a of_o the_o portugall_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o sea_n say_v he_o according_a to_o the_o jubet_fw-la law_n and_o reason_n already_o mention_v can_v in_o no_o wise_n become_v the_o propriety_n of_o any_o one_o because_o nature_n not_o only_a permit_n but_o require_n it_n shall_v be_v common_a several_a other_o passage_n he_o have_v about_o this_o matter_n in_o his_o excellent_a book_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o thus_o much_o in_o brief_a concern_v those_o argument_n that_o be_v usual_o bring_v against_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o next_o thing_n therefore_o be_v to_o explain_v the_o sens_fw-fr of_o the_o question_n and_o its_o term_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n sea_n in_o the_o question_n also_o a_o division_n of_o the_o law_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n chap._n iii_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o present_a question_n whether_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n we_o take_v the_o word_n capable_a in_o the_o same_o sens_fw-fr as_o it_o be_v use_v by_o the_o emperor_n traian_n in_o a_o epistle_n of_o he_o to_o his_o belove_a pliny_n 59_o solum_fw-la peregrinae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la capax_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la dedicationis_fw-la quae_fw-la fit_a jure_fw-la nostro_fw-la the_o soil_n of_o a_o strange_a city_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o such_o a_o dedication_n as_o be_v make_v by_o our_o law_n moreover_o we_o shall_v explain_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o by_o those_o term_n of_o law_n and_o dominion_n by_o the_o sea_n we_o understand_v the_o whole_a sea_n as_o well_o the_o main_a ocean_n or_o out-land_n sea_n as_o those_o which_o be_v within-land_n such_o as_o the_o mediterranean_a adriatic_a aegean_a or_o levant_n british_n and_o baltic_a sea_n or_o any_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n which_o differ_v not_o otherwise_o from_o the_o main_a then_o as_o homogeneous_a or_o similary_n part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n do_v from_o the_o whole_a but_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v the_o rule_n measure_n and_o point_v out_o of_o thing_n lawful_a or_o unlawful_a fall_v under_o a_o twofold_a consideration_n fither_o as_o it_o be_v obligatorie_n which_o be_v call_v also_o preceptive_a or_o as_o it_o be_v permissive_a
when_o it_o dive_v into_o the_o contemplation_n or_o debate_n of_o religious_a matter_n it_o have_v often_o be_v most_o deserve_o restrain_v by_o certain_a set-maxim_n principle_n and_o rule_n of_o holy_a writ_n as_o religious_a bolt_n and_o bar_n upon_o the_o soul_n lest_o it_o shall_v wantonise_v and_o wander_v either_o into_o the_o old_a error_n of_o most_o age_n and_o nation_n or_o after_o the_o new_a device_n of_o a_o ramble_a fancy_n and_o true_o such_o a_o course_n as_o this_o have_v ever_o be_v observe_v in_o religious_a government_n but_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mere_o humane_a and_o so_o humane_a that_o they_o reflect_v only_o upon_o matter_n of_o duty_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n and_o be_v not_o forbid_v by_o any_o command_n of_o god_n of_o which_o kind_n you_o can_v so_o much_o as_o imagine_v any_o thing_n more_o plain_o to_o be_v than_o a_o distinction_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o territory_n and_o the_o manner_n thereof_o which_o be_v whole_o ground_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o man_n that_o which_o shall_v be_v permit_v by_o the_o law_n natural_a be_v no_o less_o right_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n placart_n and_o receive_v custom_n of_o divers_a age_n and_o nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a than_o it_o may_v be_v collect_v what_o every_o clime_n will_v or_o will_v not_o bear_v by_o the_o diligent_a observation_n of_o country_n shrub_n tree_n plant_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o belong_v unto_o the_o body_n of_o husbandry_n for_o as_o many_o nation_n as_o have_v admit_v such_o a_o private_a dominion_n as_o we_o inquire_v after_o whether_o by_o a_o law_n civil_a or_o domestic_a of_o their_o own_o or_o by_o any_o law_n common_a to_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbor-nation_n be_v either_o to_o be_v allow_v competent_a witness_n of_o the_o natural_a permissive_a law_n so_o far_o as_o there_o be_v any_o use_n of_o it_o here_o or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v say_v which_o i_o believ_n no_o man_n dream_n that_o so_o many_o and_o those_o the_o more_o famous_a nation_n have_v for_o so_o many_o age_n err_v against_o nature_n concern_v the_o law_n natural_a justinian_n say_v naturale_fw-la quod_fw-la naturalis_fw-la ratio_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la constituit_fw-la id_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la populos_fw-la peraequè_fw-fr custoditur_fw-la vocatúrque_fw-la jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la quasi_fw-la quo_fw-la jure_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la utuntur_fw-la what_o natural_a reason_n establish_v among_o all_o man_n that_o be_v observe_v by_o all_o people_n alike_o and_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o law_n which_o all_o nation_n use_v and_o caius_n domino_fw-la jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la ratione_fw-la naturali_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la peraequè_fw-fr servatur_fw-la the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v by_o natural_a reason_n observe_v alike_o among_o all_o man_n but_o where_o be_v all_o nation_n it_o be_v not_o yet_o discover_v how_o many_o there_o be_v much_o less_o upon_o what_o custom_n they_o have_v agree_v nor_o be_v that_o in_o any_o wise_a find_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v discover_v which_o some_o notwithstanding_o embrace_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n permissive_a what_o have_v the_o midland_n nation_n to_o do_v with_o that_o law_n concern_v the_o confiscation_n of_o wreck_n at_o sea_n which_o have_v be_v use_v by_o the_o english_a britain_n sicilian_n and_o some_o other_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n the_o enslave_v of_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v grow_v out_o of_o date_n as_o a_o thing_n not_o permit_v among_o christian_a nation_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v in_o use_n still_o among_o the_o mahometan_n in_o vain_a therefore_o be_v a_o rule_n and_o direction_n seek_v here_o out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n but_o especial_o see_v some_o be_v not_o want_v who_o non_fw-la foedera_fw-la legum_n ulla_n colunt_fw-la placidas_fw-la aut_fw-la jura_n tenentia_fw-la mentes_fw-la who_o neither_o league_n nor_o lawful_a compact_n bind_v nor_o law_n that_o rule_n and_o pacify_v man_n mind_n as_o he_o say_v 4._o of_o the_o bebrycian_o that_o there_o have_v be_v some_o such_o nation_n be_v express_o record_v also_o by_o 6._o aristotle_n and_o sallust_n out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o jugurthino_n hiempsal_n say_v concern_v the_o getuli_n and_o libian_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o africa_n neque_fw-la moribus_fw-la neque_fw-la lege_fw-la neque_fw-la imperio_fw-la cujusquam_fw-la regebantur_fw-la they_o be_v rule_v neither_o by_o custom_n nor_o by_o law_n nor_o by_o the_o command_n of_o any_o and_o in_o another_o place_n concern_v the_o catilinar_a aborigines_n genus_fw-la hominum_fw-la agreste_fw-la sine_fw-la legibus_fw-la sine_fw-la imperio_fw-la liberum_fw-la atque_fw-la solutum_fw-la a_o rude_a sort_n of_o man_n without_o law_n without_o government_n free_a and_o dissolute_a therefore_o we_o must_v have_v recours_fw-fr hear_v unto_o the_o more_o civilise_a and_o more_o eminent_a nation_n of_o the_o past_a and_o present_a age_n and_o of_o such_o who_o custom_n we_o be_v best_a acquaint_v with_o and_o among_o they_o true_o not_o only_o such_o as_o those_o very_a nation_n who_o it_o may_v chief_o concern_v here_o have_v ever_o high_o esteem_v but_o also_o those_o nation_n who_o be_v concern_v at_o present_a shall_v be_v prove_v competent_a witness_n but_o of_o the_o testimony_n that_o we_o intend_v to_o use_v there_o be_v a_o twofold_a kind_n some_o be_v those_o which_o show_v that_o a_o sovereignty_n and_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v by_o historian_n and_o other_o writer_n almost_o in_o all_o age_n acknowledge_v and_o grant_v to_o prince_n people_n and_o other_o other_o testimony_n there_o be_v which_o demonstrate_v out_o of_o lawyer_n also_o by_o league_n and_o treaty_n and_o other_o particular_n of_o that_o nature_n that_o such_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n agreeable_a unto_o law_n both_o which_o we_o interweav_v as_o the_o order_n of_o thing_n direct_n we_o but_o yet_o so_o that_o what_o matter_n either_o of_o fact_n or_o law_n do_v appertain_v unto_o the_o british_a sea_n be_v whole_o pretermit_v in_o this_o collection_n of_o testimony_n with_o a_o intent_n to_o dispose_v they_o apart_o in_o the_o second_o book_n and_o so_o at_o length_n it_o will_v be_v very_o clear_o manifest_v together_o both_o what_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o nation_n as_o also_o what_o the_o common_a law_n of_o divers_a nation_n and_o last_o what_o the_o natural_a permissive_a law_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n have_v determine_v touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o manner_n whereby_o the_o law_n permissive_a touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n that_o there_o be_v testimony_n hereof_o manifest_a enough_o in_o the_o fabulous_a age._n also_o a_o word_n by_o the_o way_n touch_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o roman_n when_o the_o command_n thereof_o be_v commit_v to_o cneius_n pompeius_n chap._n viii_o the_o age_n out_o of_o who_o monument_n and_o action_n the_o aforesaid_a custom_n determination_n and_o decree'_v of_o people_n and_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v i_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n into_o the_o fabulous_a age_n and_o the_o historical_a but_o we_o do_v not_o according_a to_o varro_n call_v that_o fabulous_a which_o whole_o precede_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o olympiad_n but_o that_o which_o be_v obscure_v only_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a fable_n at_o least_o under_o a_o fabulous_a representation_n the_o historical_a be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v more_o ancient_a and_o comprehend'_v the_o custom_n of_o such_o empire_n and_o commonwealth_n as_o expire_v some_o age_n past_a and_o into_o that_o which_o be_v modern_a and_o shew_v the_o practice_n of_o those_o nation_n in_o the_o present_a case_n which_o be_v now_o in_o be_v but_o in_o apply_v our_o selus_fw-la unto_o the_o fabulous_a age_n we_o do_v not_o ground_n argument_n upon_o fable_n as_o they_o be_v mere_a fable_n but_o we_o manifest_a historical_a truth_n out_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a historian_n though_o wrap_v up_o in_o the_o mystery_n of_o heathen_a priest_n and_o poet_n for_o as_o 11._o lactantius_n say_v well_o even_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o poet_n speak_v be_v true_a but_o cover_v under_o a_o certain_a veil_n or_o figure_n and_o yet_o they_o have_v so_o veil_v the_o truth_n with_o fiction_n that_o the_o truth_n itself_o may_v not_o take_v off_o from_o the_o common_a belief_n of_o the_o people_n they_o write_v that_o in_o the_o fabulous_a time_n aforementioned_a the_o titan_n be_v subdue_v the_o brother-deity_n jupiter_n pluto_n and_o neptune_n divide_v the_o world_n by_o lot_n and_o that_o heaven_n be_v allot_v unto_o jupiter_n hell_n to_o pluto_n the_o sea_n to_o neptune_n but_o omit_v
have_v without_o leave_v of_o the_o lord_n or_o possessor_n there_o be_v also_o a_o very_a ancient_a custom_n use_v in_o the_o fast_a that_o when_o great_a king_n have_v design_n to_o bring_v any_o nation_n under_o their_o power_n command_v the_o pledge_n of_o empire_n and_o dominion_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o they_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o demand_v water_n and_o earth_n together_o that_o be_v to_o say_v there_o quire_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o bring_v earth_n and_o water_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o prepare_v earth_n and_o water_n they_o conceive_v that_o their_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n be_v signify_v by_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o pledge_n or_o token_n thus_o 4._o darius_n demand_v earth_n and_o water_n from_o indathyrsus_n king_n of_o the_o scythian_n thus_o 9_o xerxes_n from_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o thus_o both_o of_o they_o from_o the_o people_n of_o coos_n which_o be_v witness_v by_o the_o coan_n themselves_o in_o a_o public_a decree_n or_o epistle_n in_o answer_n to_o artaxerxes_n his_o most_o imperious_a demand_n that_o hypocrates_n shall_v be_v render_v up_o to_o he_o wherein_o the_o coan_n slight_v the_o threat_n of_o that_o great_a king_n decree_v that_o what_o hazard_n soêver_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o run_v hypocrates_n shall_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v render_v they_o add_v also_o to_o that_o decree_n 9_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n how_o that_o when_o his_o predecessor_n darius_n and_o xerxes_n have_v by_o their_o letter_n demand_v earth_n and_o water_n the_o people_n of_o coos_n do_v in_o no_o wise_n yield_v it_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v satisfy_v that_o those_o who_o have_v send_v unto_o they_o be_v mortal_a as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n and_o in_o the_o greek_a copy_n of_o the_o history_n of_o judith_n nabuchodonosor_n be_v about_o to_o denounce_v war_n against_o the_o neighbor-nation_n say_v express_o the_o form_n of_o submission_n which_o he_o expect_v be_v gracâ—_n that_o they_o shall_v provide_v for_o he_o earth_n and_o water_n unless_o they_o conceiv_v themselves_o to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n i_o do_v not_o well_o see_v wherefore_o they_o shall_v demand_v earth_n and_o water_n as_o token_n of_o universal_a dominion_n moreover_o also_o achme_n ben_n seirim_n a_o arabian_a write_v of_o the_o sea_n say_v that_o according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o indian_n persian_n and_o egyptian_n in_o expound_v of_o dream_n 178._o if_o any_o one_o in_o a_o dream_n seem_v to_o himself_o to_o be_v make_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o shall_v be_v heir_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o shall_v reign_v add_v hereunto_o that_o oracle_n of_o delos_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o athenian_n the_o man_n of_o athens_n offer_v sacrifice_n in_o delos_n a_o boy_n that_o draw_v water_n to_o wash_v their_o hand_n pour_v fish_n out_o of_o the_o pot_n together_o with_o the_o water_n hereupon_o this_o oracle_n be_v deliver_v by_o the_o priest_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o they_o shall_v become_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o author_n be_v one_o semus_n a_o ancient_a writer_n in_o 8._o athenaeus_n where_o phylarchus_n also_o relate_n how_o that_o when_o patroclus_n a_o captain_n of_o ptolemy_n the_o son_n of_o lagus_n have_v send_v fish_n and_o fresh_a fig_n together_o unto_o king_n antigonus_n and_o those_o that_o stand_v by_o be_v in_o doubt_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o that_o present_a antigonus_z say_v he_o himself_o very_o well_o apprehend_v what_o may_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o patroclus_n for_o say_v he_o either_o patroclus_n mean_n 〈◊〉_d that_o we_o must_v get_v the_o sovereignty_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o else_o gnaw_v figs._n or_o that_o he_o must_v seem_v slothful_a and_o effeminate_a or_o become_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o he_o make_v no_o doubt_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o there_o also_o the_o glutton_n in_o antiphanes_n the_o comedian_n say_v it_o be_v neither_o profitable_a for_o life_n nor_o to_o be_v endure_v that_o some_o of_o you_o shall_v claim_v the_o sea_n as_o peculiar_a to_o themselves_o and_o spend_v much_o money_n upon_o it_o but_o no_o victual_n for_o navigation_n not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o bit_n add_v also_o that_o of_o theocritus_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o ptolomeus_n philadelphus_n king_n of_o egypt_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n 17._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o be_v lord_n of_o much_o land_n and_o also_o of_o much_o sea_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o pamphilian_a lycian_a and_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o remain_a sea_n that_o the_o whole_a sea_n and_o land_n and_o river_n be_v subject_a to_o king_n ptolemy_n also_o noe._n philo_n judeus_fw-la say_v let_v not_o prince_n glory_n in_o that_o they_o have_v conquer_v many_o nation_n or_o that_o they_o have_v bring_v all_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n so_o exceed_v vast_a both_o in_o number_n and_o magnitude_n under_o their_o power_n moreover_o though_o isocrates_n in_o his_o oration_n concern_v peace_n seem_v to_o hint_n that_o the_o sea-dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n which_o the_o athenian_n endeavour_v to_o maintain_v bring_v many_o mischief_n upon_o they_o and_o also_o that_o it_o sometime_o occasion_v they_o to_o use_v tyranny_n against_o the_o neighbor-city_n of_o greece_n yet_o he_o dispute_n it_n as_o a_o thing_n that_o may_v come_v into_o examination_n under_o the_o account_n of_o profitable_a and_o unprofitable_a and_o by_o accident_n of_o unjust_a but_o he_o do_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a endeavour_n to_o prove_v it_o unjust_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o yea_o in_o another_o place_n he_o sufficient_o commend'_v that_o dominion_n though_o not_o all_o thing_n in_o preserve_v it_o and_o the_o same_o panathenaïco_n author_n say_v express_o of_o both_o city_n the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o athenian_a it_o happen_v that_o both_o city_n do_v enjoy_v a_o command_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o when_o either_o of_o they_o hold_v they_o have_v most_o of_o the_o other_o city_n obedient_a thereto_o we_o read_v also_o a_o dispute_n in_o aristotle_n 〈◊〉_d concern_v a_o communion_n or_o common_a enjoyment_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o wit_n whether_o it_o may_v be_v convenient_a or_o not_o for_o a_o well_o order_v city_n whether_o it_o be_v better_a it_o shall_v remain_v common_a to_o all_o man_n so_o that_o no_o man_n may_v in_o any_o wise_a be_v deny_v passage_n traffic_n merchandise_n and_o fish_v or_o that_o the_o use_n of_o it_o may_v be_v so_o restrain_v that_o it_o may_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o dominion_n of_o any_o city_n so_o as_o to_o exclude_v foreigner_n he_o dispute_n this_o point_n whether_o it_o be_v profitable_a or_o unprofitable_a but_o question_n be_v it_o not_o at_o all_o as_o unjust_a have_v be_v abundant_o instruct_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n round_o about_o touch_v a_o propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n also_o his_o scholar_n alexander_n the_o macedonian_a be_v victorious_a in_o the_o east_n prepare_v for_o a_o expedition_n against_o europe_n that_o he_o may_v become_v lord_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n and_o sea_n as_o say_v the_o emperor_n encomio_fw-la julian_n and_o true_o among_o the_o people_n of_o greece_n especial_o such_o as_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n in_o the_o east_n to_o hold_v supreme_a power_n and_o sovereignty_n above_o other_o and_o to_o enjoy_v a_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v acoount_v almost_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n nor_o do_v they_o conceiv_v that_o can_v be_v obtain_v without_o this_o from_o whence_o arise_v that_o council_n of_o themistocles_n which_o pompey_n the_o great_a also_o follow_v at_o rome_n themistocle_n qui_fw-la mare_fw-la teneat_fw-la eum_fw-la necesse_fw-la esse_fw-la rerum_fw-la potiri_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o which_o can_v possess_v the_o sea_n must_v need_n be_v have_v command_n of_o all_o so_o also_o say_v jsaac_n 199._o casaubon_n upon_o polybius_n to_o have_v dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v express_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v whole_o and_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o great_a strengthen_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o pledge_n of_o extraordinary_a power_n therefore_o the_o old_a writer_n of_o chronicle_n among_o the_o grecian_n see_v before_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o olympiad_n there_o be_v no_o sovereign_a power_n of_o any_o people_n of_o greece_n in_o be_v upon_o who_o action_n a_o knowledge_n of_o time_n may_v be_v ground_v therefore_o among_o the_o other_o time_n that_o they_o make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o compute_v of_o time_n they_o omit_v not_o that_o particular_a but_o careful_o keep_v a_o account_n of_o those_o people_n who_o have_v once_o enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o
he_o free_v the_o sea-coast_n from_o pirate_n and_o restore_v the_o dominion_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n moreover_o as_o touch_v the_o vast_a sea-dominion_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n dionysius_n halicarnass_n say_v 1._o rome_n be_v lady_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n not_o only_o of_o that_o which_o lie_v within_o hercules_n pillar_n but_o also_o of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v navigable_a this_o be_v indeed_o a_o hyperbole_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n a_o clear_a testimony_n of_o a_o very_a large_a sea-dominion_n as_o also_o that_o of_o praefatione_fw-la appianus_n alexandrinus_n the_o roman_n say_v he_o hold_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o whole_a mediterranean_n sea_n other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o true_o that_o expression_n of_o a_o very_a etc._n eminent_a man_n be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v who_o say_v of_o example_n of_o that_o kind_n that_o they_o do_v not_o prove_v a_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o of_o a_o right_n of_o navigation_n for_o as_o particular_a private_a man_n so_o also_o people_n and_o nation_n may_v be_v league_n and_o agreement_n not_o only_o quit_v that_o right_n which_o peculiar_o belong_v to_o they_o but_o that_o also_o which_o they_o hold_v in_o common_a with_o all_o man_n in_o favour_n and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o any_o one_o who_o it_o concern_v and_o for_o this_o he_o referr'_v himself_o unto_o ulpian_n who_o will_v have_v that_o cessation_n of_o fish_v for_o tunies_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o which_o more_o proximo_fw-la hereafter_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o authority_n of_o some_o stipulation_n or_o covenant_n not_o from_o any_o vassalage_n impose_v upon_o the_o sea_n sure_o by_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o distinction_n whereof_o ulpian_n be_v indeed_o the_o author_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v either_o of_o dominion_n or_o vassalage_n as_o we_o call_v it_o of_o every_o kind_n if_o to_o occupy_v and_o enjoy_v in_o a_o private_a manner_n by_o right_a to_o hinder_v and_o forbid_v other_o be_v not_o dominion_n it_o be_v nothing_o moreover_o cassandra_n in_o lycophron_n prophesy_v that_o the_o people_n in_o rome_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o dominion_n where_o she_o attribute_n to_o they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o sceptre_n and_o monarchy_n both_o of_o land_n and_o sea_n hereunto_o belong_v those_o thing_n above_o mention_v touch_v the_o command_n of_o pompey_n hold_v by_o commission_n from_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o also_o those_o other_o which_o we_o meet_v with_o now_o and_o then_o among_o writer_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n suetonlus_n say_v of_o augustus_n cesar_n 49._o haet_v place_v one_o navy_n at_o mesinum_n and_o another_o at_o ravenna_n to_o guard_v the_o upper_a and_o low_a sea_n but_o encomio_fw-la aristides_n say_v this_o dominion_n be_v not_o limit_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o certain_a bound_n as_o of_o old_a 〈◊〉_d the_o athenian_n but_o that_o it_o encompass_v their_o empire_n round_o like_o a_o girdle_n and_o themistius_n speak_v of_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n the_o elder_a say_v 5._o what_o will_v you_o say_v of_o he_o who_o be_v emperor_n or_o ruler_n of_o almost_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o sea_n in_o like_a manner_n procopius_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o statue_n of_o a_o roman_a emperor_n hold_v a_o city_n in_o his_o left_a hand_n say_v that_o the_o statuarie_n meaning_n be_v augustaeo_n that_o the_o whole_a land_n be_v subject_a to_o he_o as_o well_o as_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n speak_v nicephorus_n callistus_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o ecclesiastical_a history_n and_o 1._o julius_n firmicus_n speak_v of_o such_o person_n who_o have_v in_o the_o scheme_n of_o their_o nativity_n the_o moon_n increase_a in_o the_o thirty_o degree_n of_o taurus_n fortify_v with_o a_o friendly_a aspect_n of_o jupiter_n say_v they_o shall_v possess_v the_o dominion_n of_o sea_n and_o land_n whithersoëver_o they_o lead_v a_o army_n oppianus_n say_v to_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d under_o thy_o law_n or_o sceptre_n the_o sea_n role_n and_o fish_n swim_v throughout_o thy_o sea_n in_o shoal_n and_o venus_n to_o jupiter_n concern_v the_o future_a empire_n of_o the_o roman_n 1._o certè_fw-la hinc_fw-la romanos_fw-la olim_fw-la volventibus_fw-la annis_fw-la hinc_fw-la fore_fw-la ductores_fw-la renovato_fw-la sanguine_fw-la teucri_n qui_fw-la mare_fw-la qui_fw-la terras_fw-la omni_fw-la ditione_n tenerent_fw-la pollicitus_fw-la quae_fw-la te_fw-la genitor_fw-la sententia_fw-la vertit_fw-la hence_o roman_n their_o original_a shall_v take_v in_o after-year_n thou_o once_o do_v promise_n make_v and_o leader_n spring_v to_o rule_v both_o land_n and_o sea_n from_o teucer_n blood_n what_o alter_z thy_o decree_n from_o whence_o the_o same_o poet_n in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o augustus_n caesar_n 1._o a_o deus_fw-la immensi_fw-la venias_fw-la maris_fw-la ac_fw-la tua_fw-la nautae_fw-la numina_fw-la sola_fw-la colant_fw-la tibi_fw-la serviaâ—_n ultima_fw-la thule_n téque_fw-la sibi_fw-la generum_fw-la tethys_n emat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la undis_fw-la may._n or_o whether_o thou_o the_o god_n will_v be_v of_o the_o vast_a sea_n and_o thule_n far_a shore_n or_o thou_o alone_o the_o sailor_n shall_v adore_v as_o thetys_n son-in-law_n with_o all_o her_o sea_n give_v for_o a_o dower_n etc._n etc._n and_o claudian_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n stilicâ—nis_fw-la ergò_fw-la seu_fw-la patriis_fw-la primaevus_fw-la manibus_fw-la ultor_fw-la subderet_fw-la hispanum_n legibus_fw-la oceanum_n then_o whether_o in_o revenge_n to_o his_o father_n ghost_n he_o quell_v the_o sea_n upon_o the_o spanish_a coast._n or_o what_o other_o business_n soêver_o he_o do_v ennius_n be_v still_o at_o his_o elbow_n in_o like_a manner_n constantinus_n monomachus_n be_v by_z john_n bishop_n of_o euchaïta_n in_o his_o iambic_n call_v indeed_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n but_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o western_a empire_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lord_n and_o absolute_a sovereign_a both_o of_o land_n and_o sea_n as_o also_o the_o emperor_n leo_n by_o varadatus_fw-la 1618._o terrae_fw-la marisque_fw-la dominus_fw-la lord_n of_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n so_o that_o in_o the_o empire_n of_o constantinople_n which_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o western_a the_o aegean_a sea_n itself_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o province_n no_o otherwise_o than_o samos_n cyprus_n or_o other_o island_n or_o territory_n of_o any_o kind_a whatsoëver_n this_o appear_v out_o of_o 17._o constantinus_n porphyrogennetus_n his_o themata_fw-la where_o also_o the_o hellespont_n be_v express_o assign_v to_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o aegean_a sea_n together_o with_o the_o territory_n lie_v round_o about_o and_o true_o the_o custom_n out_o of_o this_o sea_n be_v very_o great_a only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o fish_v sometime_o ten_o sometime_o twelv_v thousand_o crown_n be_v collect_v out_o of_o it_o yearly_o we_o learn_v this_o also_o out_o of_o a_o decree_n whereby_o andronicus_n palaeologus_n one_o that_o keep_v the_o state_n of_o a_o emperor_n but_o live_v a_o chamber_a idle_a life_n within_o his_o palace_n have_v for_o the_o victual_v of_o himself_o and_o his_o retinue_n the_o yearly_a profit_n of_o the_o fish_n before_o constantinople_n wont_a to_o bâ—e_v value_v at_o that_o time_n at_o ten_o thousand_o crown_n as_o say_v â—_o nicephorus_n gregoras_n the_o same_o be_v by_o some_o call_v topiaticum_n 72._o topicum_fw-la it_o be_v name_v also_o piscinica_n and_o topice_n moreover_o in_o the_o servey_n or_o breviarie_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o east_n only_o three_o province_n be_v reckon_v under_o the_o proconsul_n of_o asia_n after_o this_o manner_n these_o province_n under-written_a be_v under_o the_o charge_n of_o that_o eminent_a person_n the_o proconsul_n of_o asia_n asia_n the_o isle_n hellespont_n their_o tower_a diadem_n equal_a stature_n majesty_n and_o wealth_n not_o differ_v at_o all_o seem_v to_o point_v out_o such_o a_o equality_n that_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v appear_v by_o this_o form_n of_o description_n to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o another_o and_o so_o that_o hellespont_n can_v in_o that_o place_n be_v any_o other_o than_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o that_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o which_o be_v thus_o join_v with_o the_o isle_n to_o the_o proconsulship_n of_o asia_n upon_o one_o and_o the_o same_o account_n of_o dominion_n the_o province_n of_o asia_n and_o europe_n become_v in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr either_o continual_a or_o contiguous_a yea_o when_o there_o be_v no_o such_o distinction_n of_o province_n the_o adjacent_a isle_n and_o the_o sea_n itself_o make_v one_o entire_a provincial_a body_n also_o with_o the_o continent_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o isle_n of_o italy_n be_v 15._o part_n of_o italy_n as_o also_o of_o every_o province_n and_o such_o as_o be_v divide_v from_o italy_n by_o a_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o sicily_n they_o signif_n be_v to_o be_v
reckon_v rather_o among_o the_o province_n of_o the_o continent_n the_o sea_n lie_v between_o do_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o one_o continue_a territory_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o continent_n and_o the_o isle_n and_o that_o also_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o ulpian_n who_o notwithstanding_o use_v to_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n but_o of_o this_o hereafter_o in_o our_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n the_o same_o ulpian_n also_o in_o another_o place_n say_v injuriis_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la i_o prohibet_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr piscari_fw-la vel_fw-la everriculum_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o any_o man_n forbid_v i_o to_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o draw_v a_o drag_v net_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d may_v i_o sue_v he_o or_o no_o at_o law_n upon_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n some_o there_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o i_o may_v sue_v he_o upon_o a_o trespass_n so_o pomponius_n and_o many_o other_o say_v he_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o he_o that_o hinder_v one_o to_o wash_v in_o a_o public_a bath_n or_o to_o sit_v in_o a_o public_a theatre_n or_o to_o act_v sit_v and_o conver_n in_o any_o other_o place_n or_o put_v case_n there_o be_v any_o one_o that_o permit_n i_o not_o to_o use_v that_o which_o be_v my_o own_o but_o the_o ancient_n allow_v a_o interdict_v to_o he_o that_o hire_v the_o sea_n if_o so_o be_v he_o hire_v it_o in_o a_o public_a manner_n for_o force_n by_o that_o interdict_v be_v allow_v that_o he_o may_v enjoy_v what_o he_o have_v hire_v therefore_o the_o sea_n because_o it_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o people_n be_v reckon_v among_o public_a thing_n that_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n not_o common_a to_o all_o man_n after_o another_o manner_n then_o public_a bath_n theatre_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n and_o what_o do_v to_o hire_v in_o a_o public_a manner_n signify_v in_o this_o place_n but_o to_o become_v a_o hire_a or_o conductor_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o people_n be_v lord_n thereof_o and_o letter_n or_o locator_n i_o suppose_v no_o man_n do_v affirm_v that_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v let_v for_o rent_n or_o hire_v which_o may_v not_o so_o belong_v to_o one_o man_n that_o can_v not_o be_v another_o but_o because_o public_a place_n by_o the_o roman_n civil_a law_n do_v serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o 2._o private_a person_n therefore_o pomponius_n and_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o there_o may_v have_v be_v here_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n moreover_o it_o be_v a_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n that_o you_o do_v nothing_o in_o a_o public_a place_n or_o cast_v any_o thing_n into_o it_o whereby_o it_o may_v be_v endamage_v hereupon_o ulpian_n say_v 9_o against_o that_o man_n who_o have_v cast_v a_o dam_n or_o pile_n into_o the_o sea_n a_o interdict_v be_v allow_v he_o who_o perhaps_o may_v be_v endamage_v thereby_o but_o if_o no_o man_n sustain_v damage_n he_o be_v to_o be_v defend_v who_o build's_n upon_o the_o shore_n or_o cast_v a_o pile_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o any_o man_n be_v hinder_v from_o fish_v or_o navigation_n by_o sea_n he_o shall_v not_o have_v a_o interdict_v nor_o he_o likewise_o who_o may_v he_o restrain_v from_o play_v in_o the_o common_a field_n or_o from_o wash_v in_o a_o public_a bath_n or_o from_o be_v a_o spectator_n in_o a_o theatre_n but_o in_o all_o these_o case_n he_o must_v use_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n therefore_o a_o prohibitorie_n interdict_v or_o decree_n be_v to_o be_v use_v when_o dam_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o then_o when_o damage_n be_v do_v to_o a_o theatre_n bath_n court_n or_o any_o public_a place_n whatsoëver_o to_o these_o thing_n which_o manifest_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o be_v not_o common_a to_o all_o man_n be_v the_o sea_n every_o way_n compare_v even_o by_o ulpian_n himself_o there_o be_v also_o the_o same_o account_n make_v of_o the_o shore_n and_o sea_n rer._n by_o those_o that_o speak_v for_o a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v they_o say_v to_o be_v less_o common_a by_o 7._o some_o who_o treat_v of_o they_o apart_o as_o by_o neratius_n and_o ulpianus_n but_o loco_fw-la celsus_n say_v i_o think_v those_o shore_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n over_o which_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v dominion_n but_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o there_o that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o the_o aër_fw-la and_o that_o the_o pile_n cast_v into_o it_o belong_v to_o he_o that_o cast_v they_o be_v plain_o qualify_v and_o manifest_o restrain_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v where_o celsus_n say_v that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v in_o case_n the_o use_n of_o the_o shore_n or_o sea_n may_v by_o that_o mean_n become_v the_o worse_a certain_o if_o the_o former_a word_n be_v mean_v of_o such_o a_o community_n or_o enjoyment_n common_a to_o all_o man_n as_o will_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a permit_v the_o dominion_n or_o propriety_n of_o a_o particular_a person_n what_o mean_n that_n then_o that_o the_o use_n may_v become_v the_o worse_a for_o if_o a_o place_n shall_v become_v the_o propriety_n of_o he_o that_o do_v possess_v it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o that_o which_o have_v before_o be_v possess_v by_o no_o man_n and_o no_o regard_n shall_v be_v have_v here_o of_o the_o dominion_n or_o right_n of_o another_o than_o it_o will_v be_v no_o less_o lawful_a for_o he_o that_o shall_v possess_v it_o to_o make_v the_o use_n thereof_o the_o worse_a to_o other_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o himself_o then_o for_o he_o that_o shall_v settle_v in_o a_o field_n that_o never_o be_v seize_v yet_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o therefore_o celsus_n will_v have_v the_o shore_n and_o sea_n so_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o the_o condition_n of_o they_o as_o serve_v the_o use_n of_o all_o private_a person_n and_o that_o as_o have_v be_v say_v according_a to_o the_o roman_n civil_a law_n and_o such_o qualification_n as_o be_v add_v out_o of_o the_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n and_o the_o like_a can_v not_o without_o injury_n be_v make_v worse_a to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o commonweal_n of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v scevola_n publico_fw-la that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n man_n may_v build_v upon_o the_o shore_n if_o the_o public_a concernment_n do_v not_o hinder_v and_o aristo_n divisione_n quod_fw-la mari_n occupatum_fw-la est_fw-la fit_a publicum_fw-la that_o which_o be_v possess_v in_o the_o sea_n becom'_v public_a it_o pass_v into_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o so_o the_o word_n publicum_fw-la public_a do_v signify_v which_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n not_o equal_o common_a to_o all_o man_n by_o who_o also_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v 〈◊〉_d in_o that_o since_o call_v public_a other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n whereby_o it_o be_v make_v manifest_a as_o well_o out_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o lawyer_n as_o the_o transcript_n of_o league_n and_o treaty_n and_o the_o writing_n of_o historian_n orator_n and_o poet_n that_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o roman_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o land_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o belong_v to_o private_a person_n under_o the_o roman_a empire_n together_o with_o that_o sanction_n establish_v in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n whereby_o the_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v pretend_v to_o by_o some_o be_v utter_o abolish_v as_o a_o thing_n unjust_a the_o dominion_n even_o of_o private_a person_n therein_o be_v assert_v chap._n xv._o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v relation_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o the_o public_a patrimony_n of_o the_o state_n wherein_o a_o private_a dominion_n be_v prove_v no_o less_o then_o in_o that_o of_o particular_a person_n moreover_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o roman_a custom_n very_o ample_a testimony_n to_o prove_v that_o a_o propriety_n in_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v instate_v also_o on_o particular_a man_n such_o to_o who_o either_o the_o people_n or_o emperor_n of_o rome_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n demise_v rent_a or_o make_v a_o grant_n of_o any_o part_n of_o their_o sea_n within_o the_o empire_n the_o rich_a and_o more_o magnificent_a sort_n
acknowledge_v that_o common_a practice_n and_o receive_v custom_n be_v for_o the_o other_o part_n 〈…〉_o in_o case_n say_v he_o i_o forbid_v any_o man_n to_o fish_n before_o my_o house_n or_o royalty_n what_o can_v be_v say_v may_v he_o sue_v i_o upon_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n or_o no_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n indeed_o be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o the_o aër_fw-la and_o it_o have_v be_v declare_v that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v prohibit_v from_o fish_v or_o fowl_v any_o otherwise_o then_o as_o he_o may_v be_v debar_v from_o enter_v upon_o another_o man_n ground_n yet_o for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v forbid_v to_o fish_n before_o my_o house_n or_o royalty_n be_v the_o common_a custom_n although_o ground_v upon_o no_o law_n wherefore_o if_o any_o man_n be_v prohibit_v he_o have_v for_o all_o that_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n he_o grant_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a use_n and_o custom_n that_o subjection_n shall_v be_v thus_o impose_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o a_o private_a dominion_n thereof_o be_v admit_v but_o lest_o he_o shall_v be_v find_v unconstant_a to_o his_o espouse_a opinion_n of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o have_v presume_v to_o declare_v it_o do_v without_o any_o law_n or_o justice_n yet_o he_o himself_o deliver_n his_o judgement_n in_o another_o place_n thus_o the_o vender_n or_o seller_n of_o the_o geronian_a farm_n impose_v such_o a_o condition_n on_o the_o botrojan_a farm_n which_o he_o still_o keep_v in_o his_o hand_n that_o from_o that_o time_n forward_a no_o fish_n for_o tunies_n shall_v be_v use_v upon_o the_o coast_n thereof_o although_o no_o private_a contract_n can_v lay_v a_o restraint_n upon_o the_o sea_n which_o nature_n set_z open_a to_o all_o yet_o in_o regard_n honesty_n and_o faithful_a deal_n in_o the_o agreement_n require_v that_o this_o article_n of_o the_o sale_n be_v observe_v the_o person_n that_o be_v in_o present_a possession_n and_o they_o that_o succeed_v into_o the_o say_a farm_n be_v oblige_v by_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o covenant_n or_o bargain_n in_o this_o case_n the_o owner_n of_o the_o botrojan_a farm_n renounce_v his_o right_n of_o fish_v and_o ulpian_n may_v as_o well_o have_v say_v that_o restraint_n or_o subjection_n be_v impose_v upon_o that_o adjacent_a sea_n as_o indeed_o it_o be_v but_o that_o he_o be_v so_o unwilling_a to_o forgo_v his_o opinion_n of_o the_o sea_n unalterable_a community_n moreover_o the_o purchaser_n of_o the_o geronian_a farm_n be_v so_o full_o possess_v of_o the_o sea_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o botrojan_a that_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o subjection_n real_o impose_v on_o that_o sea-territorie_n the_o owner_n of_o the_o botrojan_a farm_n can_v never_o after_o just_o claim_v or_o exercise_v a_o privilege_n of_o fish_v for_o tunies_n without_o his_o permission_n whereupon_o 3._o stephanus_n forcatulus_n once_o professor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n at_o tholose_a conclude_n to_o the_o purpose_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v but_o that_o the_o sea_n though_o common_a to_o all_o may_v by_o public_a decree_n be_v subject_v to_o a_o prince_n by_o the_o same_o right_n that_o he_o hold_v his_o adjoin_a kingdom_n since_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v in_o a_o manner_n be_v effect_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o private_a compact_n where_o by_o private_a compact_n he_o mean_n that_n concern_v the_o purchaser_n of_o the_o geronian_a farm_n as_o he_o himself_o say_v express_o in_o the_o same_o place_n but_o the_o opinion_n of_o ulpianus_n for_o a_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o entertain_v as_o authentic_a by_o the_o lawyer_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n that_o there_o be_v no_o law_n in_o force_n among_o they_o whereby_o a_o adjacent_a sea_n may_v be_v make_v appropriate_a or_o any_o man_n be_v debar_v the_o liberty_n of_o fish_v by_o the_o owner_n of_o such_o land_n as_o border_v thereupon_o and_o if_o any_o one_o be_v debar_v he_o may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n which_o be_v manifest_a enough_o not_o only_o in_o the_o basilica_n piscatoribus_fw-la which_o before_o the_o dismember_n of_o they_o be_v a_o body_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o grecian_a or_o eastern_a empire_n but_o also_o by_o the_o decree_v establish_v by_o the_o emperor_n leo_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o that_o stale_a opinion_n of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v utter_o cashier_v as_o not_o agree_v with_o equity_n that_o ancient_a one_o of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o a_o possession_n and_o private_a dominion_n in_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n back_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o other_o eminent_a lawyer_n be_v entertain_v again_o moreover_o also_o it_o be_v so_o firm_o ratify_v by_o a_o imperial_a sanction_n that_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o it_o pass_v over_o all_o the_o aegean_a sea_n without_o control_n that_o law_n say_v that_o eastern_a 56._o emperor_n who_o reign_v about_o the_o nine_o hundred_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n which_o so_o take_v away_o the_o right_n of_o possession_n border_v on_o the_o sea_n as_o to_o make_v the_o lord_n thereof_o liable_a to_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n if_o he_o prohibit_v other_o to_o fish_n upon_o those_o coast_n in_o our_o judgement_n 〈◊〉_d seem_v to_o determine_v that_o which_o be_v not_o equitable_a or_o just_a he_o add'_v the_o reason_n because_o whatsoëver_o come_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o man_n by_o good_a and_o lawful_a title_n whether_o by_o succession_n art_n and_o industry_n or_o any_o other_o way_n which_o the_o law_n approve'_v there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o other_o man_n shall_v have_v the_o use_n and_o benefit_n thereof_o without_o the_o owner_n leave_v thus_o the_o matter_n be_v due_o examine_v he_o judge_v that_o he_o who_o hold_v any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a manner_n have_v a_o title_n ground_v upon_o a_o very_a clear_a right_n therefore_o say_v he_o we_o decree_v that_o every_o man_n possess_v his_o vestibula_fw-la or_o sea_n lie_v before_o his_o land_n and_o be_v master_n of_o they_o by_o a_o unquestionable_a right_n and_o that_o he_o have_v power_n to_o keep_v off_o any_o person_n whatsoëver_o that_o go_v about_o to_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o without_o his_o permission_n and_o in_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o he_o make_v the_o propriety_n of_o sea_n and_o land_n altogether_o equal_a the_o sea_n which_o lie_v thus_o in_o the_o face_n of_o manor_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sea-court_n or_o entry_n nor_o do_v this_o sanction_n of_o leo_n serve_v only_o for_o the_o ratification_n of_o former_a title_n found_v either_o upon_o particular_a possession_n or_o any_o other_o but_o ordain_v in_o general_a that_o every_o man_n for_o the_o future_a shall_v be_v lord_n of_o that_o neighbour_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v before_o or_o flow_v by_o his_o land_n although_o he_o have_v never_o be_v possess_v thereof_o before_o in_o this_o very_a sens_fw-fr it_o be_v take_v by_o constantinus_n harmenopulus_n a_o judge_n of_o thessalonica_n 1._o touch_v sea-court_n or_o entry_n by_o sea_n say_v he_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o thirty_o novel_a of_o the_o emperor_n leo_n that_o every_o one_o be_v master_n of_o that_o which_o be_v adjoin_v to_o his_o land_n and_o that_o power_n be_v give_v he_o to_o prohibit_v such_o as_o at_o any_o time_n go_v about_o to_o make_v any_o benefit_n of_o these_o vestibulas_fw-la or_o entry_n without_o his_o permission_n harmenopulus_n follow_v a_o different_a order_n of_o the_o novel_n call_v that_o the_o thirty_o which_o in_o the_o print_a copy_n be_v the_o fiftie-sixth_a but_o now_o how_o much_o of_o the_o sea_n direct_o forward_o do_v pass_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o same_o person_n that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o adjoin_a land_n either_o by_o ancient_a custom_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o decree_n be_v not_o yet_o certain_o know_v nor_o be_v it_o necessary_a to_o our_o purpose_n but_o for_o latitude_n even_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o field_n those_o vestibulas_fw-la or_o entry_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o same_o limit_n with_o the_o adjacent_a land_n and_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n for_o particular_a owner_n to_o have_v their_o epoche_n or_o pen_n for_o fish_n which_o the_o 95._o late_a greek_n call_v t_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v net_n spread_v between_o stake_n drive_v into_o the_o sea_n but_o limit_v upon_o this_o condition_n that_o every_o epoch_n shall_v be_v distant_a from_o the_o other_o citato_fw-la three_o hundred_o sixtie-five_a cubit_n if_o so_o be_v the_o breadth_n of_o land_n can_v convenient_o permit_v and_o such_o a_o equal_a distance_n be_v observe_v on_o both_o side_n that_o a_o direct_a line_n from_o each_o epoch_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o vestibulum_fw-la or_o entry_n be_v extend_v one_o hundred_o eighty_o two_o ell_n and_o a_o half_a but_o this_o
rule_n for_o limitation_n become_v useless_a after_o a_o ten_o year_n prescription_n the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n improve_v his_o yearly_a revenue_n by_o these_o as_o by_o other_o commodity_n which_o profit_n arise_v from_o those_o entry_n be_v usual_o style_v by_o the_o eastern_a lawyer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o may_v be_v translate_v locarium_fw-la for_o the_o price_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o hire_v of_o a_o stall_n shop_n or_o farm_n be_v call_v in_o 1._o latin_a locarium_fw-la so_o that_o we_o see_v private_a person_n raise_v their_o topiatica_n or_o locaria_fw-la that_o be_v their_o rent_n out_o of_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n and_o out_o of_o those_o rent_n they_o pay_v to_o the_o prince_n a_o yearly_a tribute_n amount_v to_o no_o inconsiderable_a sum_n as_o be_v show_v before_o levy_v upon_o that_o account_n so_o that_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n not_o only_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o a_o prince_n which_o be_v the_o point_n in_o question_n but_o also_o the_o dominion_n of_o private_a person_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v ratify_v by_o authority_n of_o public_a decree_n enact_v it_o and_o repeal_n as_o unjust_a whatsoëver_n gainsay_v it_o it_o be_v in_o use_n beyond_o all_o dispute_n above_o five_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n for_o so_o many_o be_v reckon_v to_o the_o take_n of_o constantinople_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a decree_n of_o leo_n which_o concern_v not_o only_o bosphorus_n in_o thracia_n the_o hellespont_n the_o aegean_a and_o the_o narrow_a sea_n but_o all_o those_o that_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n and_o this_o may_v serve_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o more_o ancient_a historical_a age_n or_o that_o which_o contain_n the_o custom_n and_o law_n of_o kingdom_n and_o common-weal_n that_o be_v long_o since_o exspire_v touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v now_o in_o be_v first_o of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n the_o genova_n ligustick_a to_o the_o genoëse_n the_o tyrrhenian_a to_o the_o tuscan_n and_o last_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n or_o pope_n of_o rome_n chap._n xvi_o if_o we_o take_v a_o view_n of_o late_a time_n or_o the_o right_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n which_o at_o this_o present_a be_v in_o high_a repute_n and_o authority_n there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v more_o clear_o illustrate_v the_o point_n in_o hand_n then_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n which_o the_o most_o noble_a common-weal_n of_o venice_n have_v enjoy_v for_o so_o many_o age_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o be_v every_o where_o attest_v and_o acknowledge_v not_o only_o by_o historian_n and_o chorographer_n but_o by_o very_a many_o lawyer_n injuriis_fw-la bartolus_n baldus_n angelus_n and_o a_o company_n of_o above_o thirty_o the_o most_o eminent_a among_o they_o unless_o they_o be_v mis-reckoned_n by_o franciscus_n de_fw-fr ingenuis_fw-la who_o say_v he_o count_v so_o many_o in_o that_o epistle_n of_o he_o to_o liberius_n vincentius_n write_v some_o year_n ago_o in_o defence_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o venetian_n over_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o answer_n to_o johannes_n baptista_n valenzola_n a_o spaniard_n and_o laurentius_n motinus_fw-la a_o roman_a who_o as_o he_o say_v to_o gratify_v the_o duke_n of_o ossuna_n viceroy_n of_o naples_n who_o creature_n they_o be_v write_v against_o the_o right_n of_o dominion_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n by_o sea_n venice_n be_v common_o style_v the_o mistress_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o queen_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n though_o the_o controversy_n about_o its_o bound_n be_v not_o yet_o decide_v and_o 1._o sannazarius_n write_v thus_o of_o this_o city_n viderat_fw-la adriacis_n venetam_fw-la neptunus_n in_o undis_fw-la stare_n urbem_fw-la &_o toto_fw-la ponere_fw-la jura_fw-la mari._n neptune_n see_v venice_n in_o the_o gulf_n to_o stand_v of_o adria_n and_o all_o the_o sea_n command_n nor_o do_v this_o dominion_n arise_v from_o any_o jurisdiction_n or_o protection_n over_o the_o person_n of_o such_o as_o frequent_v the_o sea_n as_o be_v imagine_v by_o some_o miserable_o 36._o carry_v away_o with_o the_o authority_n of_o ulpian_n so_o often_o affirm_v that_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v commnn_v to_o all_o man_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o qualify_a dominion_n as_o say_v angelus_n matthaeacius_n professor_n at_o milan_n but_o this_o sea_n do_v so_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o other_o to_o use_v or_o enjoie_v the_o same_o without_o their_o permission_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v right_a to_o prohibit_v any_o to_o pass_v to_o impose_v custom_n upon_o those_o who_o they_o permit_v to_o do_v any_o other_o thing_n in_o order_n to_o the_o raise_n of_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n out_o of_o the_o water_n as_o any_o man_n may_v do_v in_o his_o proper_a possession_n by_o land_n as_o concern_v navigation_n in_o that_o sea_n that_o it_o may_v be_v prohibit_v at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o that_o by_o approve_a right_n we_o have_v the_o testimony_n of_o many_o lawyer_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v say_v injuriis_fw-la angelus_n de_fw-fr ubaldis_n but_o the_o venetian_n and_o their_o signiory_n for_o very_o many_o age_n have_v be_v and_o be_v in_o possession_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a gulf_n wherefore_o the_o venetian_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o ancient_a possession_n which_o they_o have_v have_v so_o long_o and_o do_v yet_o enjoie_v may_v by_o put_v a_o restriction_n into_o the_o form_n of_o their_o covenant_n hinder_v the_o genoëse_n or_o any_o other_o whatsoëver_o that_o shall_v offer_v to_o sail_v through_o their_o gulf._n the_o same_o saâ—e_v other_o also_o quote_v by_o 8._o benevenutus_fw-la straccha_n 14._o antonius_n peregrinus_n 26._o marta_n neopolitanus_n adriatici_n julius_n pacius_n illustr_n mantua_n patavinus_n jure_fw-la franciscus_n de_fw-fr ingenuis_fw-la and_o fulgentius_n monachus_n venetus_n who_o all_o have_v write_v more_o particular_o and_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o assert_v the_o right_n of_o the_o venetian_n and_o there_o be_v example_n to_o be_v produce_v which_o show_n how_o prince_n as_o well_o neighbour_n as_o other_o have_v make_v it_o their_o suit_n to_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n to_o obtain_v leave_v to_o pass_v through_o that_o sea_n which_o sometime_o be_v grant_v and_o sometime_o deny_v in_o the_o year_n 1399_o december_n 12._o radulphus_fw-la earl_n of_o otranto_n make_v a_o request_n to_o that_o state_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o uladislaus_n king_n of_o naples_n and_o william_n archduke_n of_o austria_n that_o leave_v may_v be_v grant_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n with_o galley_n and_o other_o ship_n to_o convey_v the_o sister_n of_o the_o king_n out_o of_o apulia_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o archduke_n her_o husband_n which_o the_o republic_n grant_v but_o with_o this_o condition_n that_o no_o person_n that_o have_v be_v banish_v from_o venice_n or_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o capital_a crime_n against_o the_o state_n shall_v be_v take_v aboard_o those_o ship_n which_o the_o austrian_n embarking_a at_o trieste_n faithful_o observe_v both_o in_o their_o voyage_n and_o in_o their_o return_n there_o be_v extant_a also_o two_o letter_n 19_o wherein_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1478_o and_o 1479_o desire_n be_v of_o giovanni_n mocenigo_n duke_n of_o venice_n and_o of_o the_o state_n that_o leave_v may_v be_v grant_v he_o to_o transport_v corn_n from_o apulia_n through_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n franciscus_n de_fw-fr ingenuis_fw-la make_v mention_n of_o other_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n write_v to_o the_o same_o duke_n from_o the_o king_n of_o hungary_n and_o this_o they_o entreat_v as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a favour_n for_o which_o they_o shall_v acknowledge_v themselves_o oblige_v mathias_n king_n of_o hungary_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o duke_n mocenigo_n date_a 1482._o write_v that_o whereas_o the_o state_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o give_v leave_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o frangipanis_n and_o zenga_n and_o other_o who_o territory_n lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n every_o year_n to_o transport_v a_o certain_a store_n of_o corn_n from_o apulia_n through_o that_o sea_n he_o desire_n be_v that_o the_o same_o liberty_n may_v be_v vouchsafe_v to_o himself_o who_o have_v now_o succeed_v into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o very_a same_o country_n and_o as_o touch_v the_o right_n which_o the_o venetian_n have_v to_o impose_v custom_n on_o passenger_n as_o travel_v through_o their_o peculiar_a territory_n there_o be_v frequent_a testimony_n among_o the_o lawyer_n foenore_fw-la salicetus_fw-la mention_v a_o decree_n of_o the_o venetian_n that_o all_o who_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n shall_v bring_v in_o their_o merchandise_n to_o
venice_n and_o there_o pay_v custom_n and_o say_v 10._o bartholomeus_n cepola_n the_o venetian_n within_o their_o dominion_n have_v several_a royalty_n and_o right_n belong_v to_o their_o exchequer_n and_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la at_o least_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a so_o that_o they_o have_v power_n to_o impose_v gabel_n to_o confiscate_v good_n and_o commodity_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a sea_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o city_n of_o venice_n have_v as_o full_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o sea_n as_o in_o the_o city_n antonius_n peregrinus_n also_o who_o be_v advocate_n of_o the_o exchequer_n at_o milan_n after_o a_o large_a discourse_n upon_o this_o subject_n 18._o the_o conclusion_n say_v he_o be_v this_o that_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n be_v one_o of_o the_o royalty_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o venice_n and_o therefore_o he_o have_v power_n to_o forbid_v permit_v and_o charge_v gabel_n upon_o it_o julius_n pacius_n marta_n and_o other_o both_o modern_a and_o ancient_a treat_v at_o large_a of_o this_o particular_a and_o the_o reason_n of_o some_o neapolitan_n that_o be_v the_o most_o obstinate_a opposer_n of_o this_o right_n be_v only_o draw_v either_o from_o that_o seqq_fw-la opinion_n for_o so_o many_o age_n since_o explode_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v natural_o common_a to_o all_o or_o from_o that_o chimaera_n of_o the_o universal_a dominion_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n whereas_o 25._o marta_n himself_o who_o be_v a_o lawyer_n of_o naples_n write_v thus_o the_o venetian_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n the_o extent_n whereof_o be_v 80_o mile_n reach_v from_o that_o place_n heretofore_o call_v aquae_n graduatae_n unto_o the_o town_n of_o loreto_n seat_v now_o near_o the_o river_n po._n and_o francisco_n di_fw-mi capoblanco_n a_o neopolitan_a also_o 27._o confess_v that_o now_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n be_v pass_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o lord_n and_o patron_n and_o in_o a_o letter_n of_o 871._o lewis_n the_o 2_o do_v to_o basilius_n emperor_n of_o the_o east_n nicetas_n patricius_n be_v mention_v under_o this_o title_n the_o protector_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n and_o the_o gulf_n say_v 25._o cardinalis_fw-la tuschus_fw-la do_v proper_o belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o long_a prescription_n of_o possession_n as_o it_o have_v be_v declare_v in_o a_o agreement_n make_v between_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n and_o genoa_n for_o confirmation_n whereof_o he_o cite'_v angelus_n and_o jason_n but_o the_o first_o time_n they_o say_v wherein_o custom_n be_v charge_v upon_o those_o that_o pass_v through_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n be_v the_o year_n 1263_o when_o lorenzo_n tepulo_fw-la be_v duk_n of_o venice_n the_o republic_n of_o genoa_n be_v distress_v with_o war_n and_o famine_n and_o their_o neighbour_n not_o relieve_v they_o with_o provision_n this_o tepulo_fw-la say_v 8._o flavius_n blondus_fw-la begin_v to_o impose_v a_o new_a custom_n or_o to_o speak_v more_o plain_o lie_v a_o restraint_n upon_o those_o that_o sade_v through_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n for_o upon_o that_o occision_n a_o law_n be_v make_v which_o remain's_n in_o force_n to_o this_o very_a dâ—ie_n that_o all_o who_o sail_v between_o the_o gulf_n de_fw-fr quevera_n and_o the_o pola_n promontory_n of_o sola_n and_o coast_n of_o ravenna_n shall_v come_v into_o venice_n to_o pay_v custom_n and_o if_o the_o officer_n think_v fit_a to_o unlade_v their_o merchandise_n and_o good_n and_o a_o officer_n be_v ordain_v for_o that_o purpose_n to_o scout_v day_n and_o night_n with_o his_o bark_n about_o the_o coast_n and_o harbour_n of_o shore_n to_o see_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o statute_n but_o above_o all_o we_o must_v not_o pass_v by_o that_o controversy_n which_o happen_v about_o this_o time_n between_o the_o people_n of_o ancona_n and_o the_o venetian_n in_o a_o general_a council_n at_o lion_n the_o anconitan_n complain_v that_o the_o venetian_n have_v usurp_v the_o sea_n and_o custom_n and_o other_o thing_n against_o all_o right_a pope_n gregory_n the_o ten_o refer_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o nervosia_n he_o reject_v the_o allegation_n of_o the_o anconitan_n as_o weak_a and_o want_a proof_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n say_v the_o aforenamed_a blondus_n commend_v to_o the_o venetian_n the_o care_n of_o defend_v the_o aforesaid_a coast_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n against_o the_o saracen_n and_o pirate_n allow_v they_o withal_o the_o right_n of_o their_o custom_n and_o impost_n whereat_o the_o ambassador_n which_o be_v then_o present_a do_v not_o interpose_v a_o word_n but_o the_o debate_n be_v thus_o determine_v with_o the_o approbation_n of_o all_o except_z the_o complainants_n but_o the_o dominion_n of_o venice_n over_o that_o sea_n be_v of_o far_o great_a antiquity_n to_o signify_v which_o they_o have_v a_o annual_a ceremony_n institute_v they_o say_v by_o pope_n 18._o alexander_n the_o three_o i_o mean_v the_o use_n of_o the_o ring_n which_o every_o year_n upon_o ascension_n day_n the_o duke_n in_o a_o solemn_a manner_n row_v in_o the_o bucentoro_fw-it accompany_v with_o the_o clarissimos_fw-la of_o the_o senate_n cast_v into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o perpetuate_n say_v republica_n paulus_n merula_n of_o their_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n signify_v by_o that_o love-token_n that_o he_o betroth_n the_o sea_n to_o himself_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o lawful_a spous_a use_v such_o a_o form_n of_o matrimony_n we_o take_v thou_o to_o our_o wed_a wife_n o_o sea_n in_o token_n of_o a_o true_a and_o perpetual_a dominion_n what_o shall_v hinder_v then_o but_o that_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o venetian_n be_v look_v upon_o not_o only_o by_o themselves_o but_o by_o their_o neighbour_n prince_n as_o lord_n of_o that_o sea_n by_o as_o unquestionable_a and_o full_a a_o title_n as_o of_o their_o land_n and_o city_n there_o be_v other_o state_n also_o in_o italy_n that_o have_v maritime_a right_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n prince_n say_v 40._o benedictus_n bonius_n have_v right_a to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o the_o sea_n shore_n forasmuch_o as_o what_o nature_n â—ad_v leave_v at_o liberty_n be_v bring_v by_o they_o into_o servitude_n and_o propriety_n as_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n which_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o pisa_n and_o tus._n canie_n the_o adriatic_a of_o venice_n the_o ligustick_a of_o genoa_n which_o be_v affirm_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o 290._o angelus_n recitanâ—a_fw-la baldus_n 26._o cepola_n and_o other_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n also_o have_v his_o sea_n which_o be_v call_v likewise_o the_o church_n sea_n the_o bull_n entitle_v coenae_fw-la domini_fw-la which_o be_v 251._o wont_a to_o be_v publish_v every_o good_a friday_n for_o the_o excommunication_n or_o delinquent_n run_v thus_o item_n we_o excommunicate_v and_o anathematise_v all_o pirate_n rover_n and_o robber_n upon_o the_o sea_n thâ—se_a that_o haunt_n and_o infest_v our_o sea_n especial_o that_o part_n lie_v between_o the_o mountain_n argentaro_n and_o terracina_n and_o 1._o bartholomaeus_n ugâ—inus_n a_o famous_a lawyer_n say_v that_o this_o excommunication_n do_v involv_n pirate_n rover_n or_o robber_n upon_o the_o sea_n such_o as_o haunt_v the_o church_n sea_n especial_o that_o part_n lie_v between_o the_o mountain_n argentaro_n and_o terracina_n the_o same_o be_v call_v by_o other_o the_o pope_n sea_n and_o although_o a_o 53._o certain_a author_n will_v there_o by_o our_o sea_n have_v the_o whole_a sea_n understand_v in_o all_o part_n of_o christendom_n yet_o it_o be_v the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o most_o famous_a interpreter_n of_o that_o bull_n as_o 20._o tolet_n 18._o suarez_n ugolinus_fw-la seqq_fw-la antonius_n de_fw-fr sousa_n and_o other_o that_o by_o that_o name_n be_v signify_v the_o sea_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o peculiar_a patrimony_n of_o the_o pope_n nay_o more_o than_o this_o some_o of_o those_o autor_n now_o mention_v will_v have_v this_o cur_n of_o excommunication_n to_o be_v incur_v not_o only_o by_o commit_v piracie_n but_o by_o a_o harmless_a passage_n of_o pirate_n through_o this_o sea_n it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o a_o profanation_n or_o injury_n be_v commit_v upon_o churchland_n so_o that_o such_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v plain_o avouch_v by_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o what_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o gloss_n of_o that_o body_n if_o herring_n be_v take_v upon_o a_o holy_a day_n a_o convenient_a part_n of_o they_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n be_v due_a to_o the_o next_o neighbour_a church_n there_o the_o ferris_n gloss_n add'_v especial_o to_o those_o in_o who_o territory_n the_o fish_n be_v catch_v by_o a_o decree_n of_o a_o general_n council_n at_o lion_n if_o the_o pope_n die_v be_v out_o of_o the_o city_n the_o cardinal_n be_v to_o meet_v for_o the_o election_n of_o
kingdom_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v this_o because_o the_o universal_a right_n of_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v common_a either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n be_v transfer_v into_o his_o dominion_n and_o other_o passage_n he_o have_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n as_o also_o 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la 11_o ludovicus_n servinus_fw-la sometime_o solicitor_n general_a for_o the_o king_n france_n popellinerius_n and_o other_o if_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o sea_n of_o maâ—seille_n or_o narbon_n we_o shall_v not_o oppose_v they_o but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v northward_o or_o westward_o of_o the_o french_a or_o that_o flow'_v between_o france_n and_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n for_o that_o which_o lie_v westward_o from_o they_o upon_o that_o crooked_a shore_n or_o the_o gulf_n of_o aquitaine_n do_v indeed_o flow_v between_o the_o more_o westerly_a coast_n of_o our_o british_a isle_n and_o of_o france_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o lie_v northward_o from_o they_o flow'_v between_o england_n and_o normandy_n they_o neither_o produce_v any_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n nor_o indeed_o can_v they_o if_o they_o will_v unless_o you_o will_v have_v that_o admit_v which_o have_v be_v cite_v out_o of_o caesar_n concern_v the_o veneti_n of_o france_n aremoriça_n and_o that_o which_o we_o say_v before_o of_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o that_o shore_n both_o which_o indeed_o do_v rather_o import_v some_o service_n call_v heretofore_o nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la than_o any_o kind_n of_o dominion_n but_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o this_o sea_n which_o flow'_v between_o they_o and_o we_o become_v absolute_o appropriate_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o we_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o the_o next_o book_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o custom_n most_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a or_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o that_o derogate_n from_o the_o ancient_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o they_o it_o remaine_n as_o yet_o not_o possess_v but_o common_a to_o all_o man_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o revenue_n or_o patrimony_n of_o their_o king_n if_o so_o be_v credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o that_o treatise_n late_o publish_v of_o the_o civil_a roman_a and_o french_a law_n by_o thomas_n cormerius_n counsellor_n to_o francis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n in_o his_o parliament_n of_o alencon_n the_o matter_n that_o it_o pretend'_v to_o treat_v of_o be_v the_o roman_a gallic_a law_n there_o be_v in_o it_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n decree_n of_o prince_n and_o privilege_n often_o intermingle_v but_o under_o the_o 2._o title_n of_o thing_n common_a â—o_o all_o he_o make_v the_o sea_n and_o shore_n common_a to_o all_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o if_o in_o this_o matter_n it_o do_v exact_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o france_n which_o certain_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o french_a have_v no_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n nor_o must_v we_o let_v it_o pass_v that_o somwhile_o since_o there_o be_v two_o constitution_n pretend_v to_o in_o france_n one_o of_o 1555._o henry_n the_o second_o the_o other_o of_o 1584._o henry_n the_o three_o wherein_o they_o require_v that_o the_o ship_n of_o foreigner_n which_o sail_v through_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o france_n shall_v strike_v their_o topsail_n forsooth_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o that_o dominion_n the_o french_a have_v over_o the_o sea_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v autorize_v or_o as_o they_o speak_v simple_o verify_v by_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n yea_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o admit_v into_o custom_n nay_o the_o late_a of_o they_o be_v plain_o reject_v as_o to_o any_o effect_n in_o law_n and_o this_o the_o french_a lawyer_n themselves_o confess_v in_o a_o 1609._o notable_a case_n between_o some_o merchant_n of_o hamburgh_n that_o be_v plaintiff_n and_o michaël_n butardus_n and_o other_o defendant_n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o tours_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o but_o that_o ceremony_n have_v by_o most_o ancient_a right_n and_o custom_n be_v observe_v and_o pay_v to_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n out_o of_o respect_n and_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o dominion_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a book_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o this_o particular_a more_o at_o large_a i_o know_v very_o well_o 2._o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o a_o edict_n of_o the_o french_a king_n that_o one_o three_o part_n of_o all_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n another_z to_o the_o admiral_n and_o the_o remainder_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o find_v they_o and_o that_o the_o french_a do_v reckon_v very_o many_o commander_n in_o chief_a at_o sea_n or_o admiral_n in_o a_o line_n sometime_o continue_v and_o sometime_o interrupt_v which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o begin_v from_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o son_n of_o st._n lewis_n that_o be_v from_o the_o year_n mcclxxxiv_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o franc._n joannes_n feronius_n 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la and_o other_o but_o that_o division_n of_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v simple_o consider_v do_v prove_v any_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n no_o more_o than_o the_o ten_o of_o any_o prize_n take_v from_o a_o enemy_n at_o sea_n which_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n also_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o 5._o admiral_n of_o the_o navy_n right_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o person_n to_o wit_n subject_n transfer_v unto_o the_o king_n not_o upon_o any_o title_n of_o dominion_n whereby_o any_o pretence_n may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o acquire_v of_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o they_o be_v pay_v no_o otherwise_o then_o impost_n or_o custom_n in_o the_o importation_n or_o exportation_n of_o merchandise_n but_o no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v imagine_v that_o from_o such_o impost_n or_o custom_n upon_o merchandise_n any_o proof_n may_v be_v make_v of_o a_o dominion_n over_o those_o passage_n through_o which_o the_o merchant_n sail_n before_o they_o arrive_v neither_o indeed_o be_v there_o any_o such_o custom_n as_o this_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a before_o the_o time_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o that_o be_v to_o say_v plain_o not_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o desire_v to_o be_v and_o be_v make_v a_o sharer_n of_o those_o good_n which_o shall_v be_v draw_v by_o his_o subject_n out_o of_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v wont_a to_o take_v as_o his_o own_o whatsoëver_n be_v leave_v or_o lose_v in_o the_o sea_n beside_o other_o emolument_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o that_o by_o so_o ancient_a a_o right_n as_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v bear_n be_v a_o date_n no_o less_o ancient_a than_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o and_o as_o for_o those_o admiral_n of_o france_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o chief_a commander_n of_o navy_n and_o person_n and_o of_o the_o force_n by_o sea_n and_o judicatories_n at_o home_o but_o not_o qualify_v as_o precedent_n of_o a_o sea-province_n or_o territory_n as_o the_o custodes_fw-la ipsius_fw-la maris_fw-la the_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o english_a and_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o second_o book_n nevertheless_o from_o what_o have_v be_v allege_v concern_v the_o custom_n opinion_n or_o constitution_n among_o the_o french_a i_o suppose_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o they_o do_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o nation_n which_o serve_v his_o full_o for_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o point_n in_o question_n the_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o swede_n polander_n and_o turk_n chap._n xix_o we_o find_v clear_a testimony_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n also_o of_o europe_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o polander_n to_o who_o may_v be_v add_v also_o the_o turk_n we_o have_v observe_v by_o the_o toll_v or_o custom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n what_o revenue_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o very_a navigation_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o be_v common_o know_v and_o what_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o royalty_n of_o the_o norwegian_a sea_n to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n who_o at_o this_o time_n be_v also_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n make_v a_o
grant_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o northern_a or_o norwegian_a sea_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o our_o merchant_n of_o the_o muscovie_n company_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o if_o he_o have_v rent_v out_o any_o land_n whereof_o he_o stand_v full_o seize_v and_o possess_v he_o limit_v the_o grant_n also_o with_o such_o condition_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a the_o public_a instrument_n or_o record_n about_o this_o particular_a be_v cottoniano_n yet_o extant_a whereby_o the_o king_n have_v a_o annual_a tribute_n in_o recompense_n other_o merchant_n be_v exclude_v and_o the_o grant_v itself_o be_v to_o continue_v no_o long_o than_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o that_o king_n and_o the_o moscovit_fw-la we_o read_v also_o in_o the_o ancient_a history_n of_o denmark_n of_o king_n harald_n hildetan_n that_o no_o man_n do_v presume_v to_o usurp_v a_o domination_n in_o the_o sea_n without_o his_o consent_n and_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o next_o ought_v especial_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o as_o to_o this_o particular_a because_o the_o empire_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n be_v once_o divide_v in_o the_o republic_n of_o denmark_n and_o olo_n who_o afterward_o be_v king_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n vanquish_v lxx_o king_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o sea-fight_n which_o thing_n be_v write_v by_o 7._o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o other_o also_o of_o that_o kind_n and_o in_o the_o regis_fw-la treaty_n hold_v at_o koppenhagen_n betwixt_o christiern_n the_o four_o of_o denmark_n and_o gustavus_n adolphus_n of_o swedland_n the_o king_n of_o swedland_n renounce_v the_o right_a sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o other_o royalty_n by_o he_o former_o claim_v over_o the_o say_a sea_n in_o norway_n norland_n and_o in_o the_o jurisaiction_n of_o wardhuisen_n but_o touch_v the_o sea_n of_o norway_n as_o it_o lie_v more_o northward_o we_o shall_v add_v more_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o second_o book_n mention_n be_v make_v likewise_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o realm_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o dominion_n thereof_o in_o that_o promise_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o french_a ambassador_n in_o the_o name_n of_o henry_n iii_o of_o france_n when_o he_o be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n the_o aforesaid_a ambassador_n do_v promise_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a king_n now_o choose_v that_o assoon_o god_n will_v as_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o kingdom_n he_o will_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n maintain_v a_o convenient_a navy_n sufficient_a to_o defend_v the_o port_n and_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o province_n adjoin_v even_o to_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o the_o whole_a dominion_n of_o poland_n as_o it_o be_v record_v by_o janus_n januszowskius_n in_o his_o 109._o syntagma_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o turkish_a emperor_n who_o by_o conquest_n succeed_v in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n and_o so_o purchase_v both_o the_o aegean_a and_o euxin_n sea_n call_v this_o the_o black_a the_o other_o the_o white_a sea_n be_v wont_v solemn_o to_o entitle_v himself_o lord_n both_o of_o the_o white_a and_o black_a sea_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o league_n betwixt_o achmet_n the_o ottoman_a emperor_n and_o henry_n the_o iv_o of_o france_n make_v above_o thirty_o year_n since_o and_o 1615._o print_v both_o in_o the_o french_a and_o turkish_a tongue_n moreover_o in_o the_o same_o league_n the_o turk_n grant_n the_o french_a free_a leave_v to_o fish_n and_o search_v for_o coral_n in_o certain_a streit_n and_o creek_n of_o the_o african_a sea_n within_o his_o kingdom_n of_o algiers_n and_o tunis_n and_o he_o far_a confirm_n all_o that_o have_v be_v grant_v to_o they_o by_o his_o predecessor_n for_o freedom_n of_o fish_v in_o those_o part_n in_o like_a manner_n 2._o coriolanus_n cippicus_n relate_v the_o action_n of_o pietrâ—_n mocenigo_n general_n of_o the_o venetian_n say_v the_o ottoman_a emperor_n build_v two_o castle_n very_o well_o fortify_v over_o against_o each_o other_o on_o both_o side_n the_o hellespont_n in_o its_o narrow_a passage_n which_o he_o store_v with_o ordnance_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n and_o charge_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o castle_n to_o shoot_v and_o sink_v any_o ship_n that_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o pass_v without_o leave_v which_o be_v plain_o to_o domineer_v over_o the_o sea_n and_o agreeable_a to_o his_o title_n of_o lord_n of_o the_o white_a and_o black_a sea_n neither_o be_v that_o to_o be_v slight_v here_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o david_n emperor_n of_o ethiopia_n or_o the_o abassins_n to_o emmanuël_n king_n of_o portugal_n he_o entitle_v he_o moâ—â—lus_fw-la lord_n of_o africa_n and_o guinee_n and_o the_o mountain_n and_o island_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o of_o the_o red_a sea_n arabia_n and_o persia_n and_o armutia_n great_a india_n etc._n etc._n he_o use_v here_o a_o hyperbole_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o african_a prince_n and_o attribute_n those_o thing_n to_o emmanuël_n which_o be_v none_o of_o he_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o admit_n that_n he_o may_v have_v be_v lord_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o any_o other_o territory_n and_o that_o that_o title_n do_v not_o entrench_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n any_o more_o than_o this_o now_o that_o we_o may_v at_o length_n conclude_v this_o part_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o admit_v among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v lawful_a and_o receive_v into_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n there_o be_v not_o only_o very_o many_o testimony_n every_o where_o as_o have_v be_v show_v you_o concern_v it_o but_o nothing_o at_o all_o i_o suppose_v can_v be_v find_v to_o impugn_v it_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o nation_n that_o have_v be_v of_o any_o note_n in_o late_a time_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o some_o of_o they_o that_o be_v borderer_n upon_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o other_o do_v strive_v to_o violate_v or_o infringe_v the_o right_n of_o their_o neighbour_n under_o pretence_n of_o that_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n so_o often_o insist_v on_o out_o of_o ulpian_n by_o such_o writer_n as_o too_o much_o prefer_v that_o obsolete_a opinion_n before_o the_o universal_a and_o most_o ancient_a custom_n of_o nation_n of_o which_o kind_n true_o the_o first_o article_n of_o that_o league_n seem_v to_o be_v which_o be_v make_v above_o twenty_o or_o about_o thirty_o year_n past_a betwixt_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o some_o of_o the_o hans-town_n as_o it_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o low-dutch_a by_o a_o 14._o dutchman_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o this_o conjunction_n or_o union_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v intend_v for_o the_o offence_n of_o any_o but_o only_o for_o the_o preservation_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n commerce_n and_o merchant_n in_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a sea_n and_o also_o in_o all_o river_n and_o stream_n run_v into_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a sea_n nor_o ought_v any_o other_o thing_n to_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o place_n so_o that_o their_o citizen_n and_o subject_n join_v in_o this_o league_n respective_o may_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n use_v and_o enjoy_v the_o liberty_n acquire_v and_o obtain_v together_o with_o the_o right_n privilege_n and_o custom_n receive_v from_o their_o ancestor_n throughout_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a sea_n aforesaid_a and_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a river_n stream_n and_o water_n without_o any_o let_v or_o impediment_n they_o promise_v also_o to_o aid_v each_o other_o in_o oppose_v any_o that_o shall_v hinder_v such_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n in_o that_o northern_a and_o eastern_a sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o baltic_a and_o that_o which_o wash_v the_o coast_n of_o denmark_n lituania_n pomerania_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n where_o it_o seem_v they_o pretend_v not_o only_o right_n and_o liberty_n peculiar_o grant_v to_o they_o long_o since_o but_o also_o to_o the_o very_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o guess_v what_o the_o intent_n of_o that_o league_n may_v be_v for_o about_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v raise_v his_o toll_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n within_o his_o territory_n by_o sea_n and_o that_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o that_o dominion_n which_o they_o enjoy_v which_o that_o kind_n of_o league_n betwixt_o the_o state_n of_o the_o hans_n town_n and_o unite_a province_n do_v seem_v to_o oppose_v but_o to_o pass_v over_o these_o thing_n see_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o point_n in_o question_n be_v found_v upon_o such_o clear_a testimony_n out_o of_o the_o custom_n
by_o s_n t_o 1._o luke_n call_v a_o lake_n by_o the_o other_o evangelist_n a_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o the_o syriack_n and_o arabic_a translation_n of_o s_o t_o luke_n and_o 13._o aristotle_n say_v that_o about_o the_o mountain_n caucasus_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o neighbour_a people_n call_v it_o a_o sea_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o abundance_n of_o water_n which_o it_o discharge_v through_o the_o cimmerian_a bosphorus_n into_o the_o euxin_n sea_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_n call_v eustathius_n mother_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o mother_n of_o the_o euxin_n sea_n from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o that_o maeotis_n stand_v in_o the_o same_o relation_n unto_o pontus_n propontis_n and_o the_o aegean_a sea_n as_o the_o ocean_n do_v to_o the_o mediterranean_a oceanúnque_fw-la negant_fw-la solas_fw-la admittere_fw-la gades_n they_o do_v deny_v that_o cadiz_n straight_o alone_a admit_n the_o ocean_n be_v freight_n as_o 3._o lucan_n say_v concern_v it_o but_o 13._o agathia_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o in_o justinian_n day_n it_o be_v call_v the_o little_a sea_n and_o say_v maritinis_fw-la festus_n avienus_n to_o probus_n thou_o do_v question_v i_o if_o thou_o do_v remember_v about_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o maeotick_a sea_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o have_v happen_v that_o even_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v call_v mar_n dell_fw-it zabach_n and_o mar_n della_fw-it tana_n so_o seven_o lake_n of_o the_o river_n po_n in_o italy_n be_v usual_o term_v 8._o seven_o sea_n and_o we_o read_v in_o 14._o cassiodorus_n that_o addua_n a_o river_n of_o cisalpin_n gallia_n emptie_n itself_o into_o the_o lake_n call_v lago_n di_fw-it como_n as_o into_o its_o proper_a sea_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o hesychius_n and_o suidas_n a_o lake_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d denote_n the_o ocean_n and_o sea_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o a_o river_n the_o ocean_n itself_o nor_o be_v it_o in_o this_o place_n impossible_a that_o a_o river_n shall_v contend_v with_o the_o sea_n however_o otherwise_o it_o have_v be_v use_v as_o a_o proverb_n of_o such_o as_o strive_v with_o man_n mighty_a than_o themselves_o also_o in_o homer_n e_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o depth_n of_o a_o deep_a lake_n be_v use_v for_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o put_v his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o very_a fair_a lake_n in_o stead_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v observe_v also_o by_o 16._o olympiodorus_n yea_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v say_v that_o the_o ocean_n itself_o be_v one_o of_o those_o phaedone_n four_o huge_a river_n which_o spring_n out_o of_o such_o a_o hell_n or_o such_o a_o deep_a gulf_n as_o 14._o some_o feign_v to_o be_v find_v towards_o the_o north_n the_o other_o three_o be_v imprison_v in_o secret_a passage_n of_o the_o earth_n moreover_o lucan_n call_v the_o british_a ocean_n 2._o incerti_fw-la stagna_fw-la profundi_fw-la a_o unstable_a deep_a stand_a pool_n and_o in_o barbarous_a latin_a the_o word_n mariscus_n as_o a_o diminutive_a 577._o of_o mare_n the_o sea_n be_v use_v in_o many_o place_n for_o a_o marsh_n or_o lake_n under_o which_o notion_n also_o it_o have_v be_v translate_v into_o some_o other_o language_n be_v vary_v according_a to_o their_o divers_a form_n of_o expression_n other_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v by_o 14._o other_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n so_o then_o both_o in_o substance_n nature_n and_o name_n the_o sea_n river_n and_o other_o body_n of_o water_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o point_n in_o question_n be_v all_o the_o same_o that_o whatsoêver_o may_v be_v say_v of_o these_o may_v be_v apply_v in_o like_a manner_n also_o to_o the_o other_o save_v that_o there_o may_v some_o difference_n be_v allege_v only_o from_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o other_o which_o in_o the_o point_n of_o dominion_n as_o it_o relate_n to_o possession_n be_v of_o no_o account_n add_v moreover_o that_o the_o usual_a objection_n touch_v their_o fluid_a nature_n or_o the_o continual_a shift_a of_o water_n in_o the_o channel_n do_v here_o no_o more_o prejudice_v the_o cause_n of_o dominion_n and_o possession_n than_o the_o fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o aër_fw-la do_v the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o that_o space_n which_o confine_n a_o house_n from_o the_o foundation_n upward_o that_o space_n seem_v as_o a_o channel_n to_o the_o whirl_a aër_fw-la whereof_o notwithstanding_o he_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v the_o undoubted_a owner_n who_o possess_v the_o ground_n and_o building_n hereupon_o praediorum_fw-la servitude_n have_v be_v impose_v against_o the_o rear_n of_o house_n high_o than_o ordinary_a also_o against_o hinder_v of_o light_n or_o prospect_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n in_o the_o very_a ambient_fw-la aër_fw-la so_o that_o where_o a_o nunciato_fw-la prohibition_n of_o a_o new_a building_n have_v issue_v pomponius_n say_v the_o aër_fw-la ought_v to_o be_v measure_v as_o well_o as_o the_o ground_n and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o aêr_n 2._o be_v he_o who_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o plot_n of_o ground_n so_o that_o as_o to_o that_o say_n of_o paulus_n that_o a_o tree_n grow_v in_o the_o very_o confine_v betwixt_o two_o land_n be_v socio_fw-la common_a to_o the_o owner_n on_o both_o side_n for_o so_o much_o as_o grow_v in_o the_o ground_n of_o either_o joannes_n buteo_n discourse_v of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o such_o a_o tree_n say_v natae_fw-la we_o must_v suppose_v the_o ground_n to_o be_v the_o aër_fw-la itself_o that_o be_v spread_v over_o the_o ground_n which_o he_o measure_v by_o direct_a line_n from_o the_o outmost_a bough_n and_o therefore_o sure_o we_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o ground_n house_n and_o space_n which_o we_o possess_v in_o several_a as_o owner_n that_o every_o one_o for_o his_o best_a advantage_n may_v free_o and_o full_o use_v and_o enjoy_v his_o own_o border_a aër_fw-la which_o be_v the_o element_n of_o mankind_n how_o flit_a so_o ever_o it_o be_v together_o with_o the_o space_n thereof_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o restrain_v other_o thence_o at_o pleasure_n that_o he_o may_v be_v both_o repute_v and_o settle_a owner_n thereof_o in_o particular_a much_o less_o than_o do_v the_o fluid_a nature_n of_o water_n which_o be_v far_o less_o than_o the_o other_o in_o any_o wise_a hinder_v a_o ownership_n or_o dominion_n over_o they_o and_o even_o those_o thing_n which_o natural_o be_v thus_o flit_a do_v notwithstanding_o in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr remain_v ever_o the_o same_o as_o the_o ship_n of_o theseus_n a_o house_n or_o a_o theatre_n which_o have_v be_v so_o often_o mend_v and_o repair_v that_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o one_o part_n or_o plank_n leave_v of_o the_o first_o building_n but_o they_o which_o make_v use_v of_o so_o frivolous_a a_o subtlety_n as_o this_o to_o oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v turn_v over_o to_o the_o philosopher_n especial_o etc._n heraclitus_n and_o epicharmus_n who_o doctrine_n be_v that_o every_o thing_n be_v so_o change_v alter_v and_o renew_v every_o moment_n that_o nothing_o in_o the_o world_n continue'_v at_o this_o instant_n the_o same_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o instant_n immediate_o go_v before_o no_o man_n say_v 58._o seneca_n in_o imitation_n of_o heraclitus_n be_v the_o same_o in_o the_o morning_n that_o he_o be_v the_o day_n before_o our_o body_n be_v hurry_v like_o river_n whatsoëver_o thou_o se_v run_v with_o time_n not_o one_o of_o all_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v visible_a continue'_v ay_o even_o while_o i_o speak_v of_o these_o change_n be_o change_v myself_o it_o be_v serious_o affirm_v also_o by_o heraclitus_n that_o not_o only_o the_o same_o river_n can_v not_o receiv_v a_o man_n twice_o but_o also_o that_o the_o same_o man_n can_v not_o enter_v twice_o into_o the_o same_o stream_n so_o that_o to_o cast_v all_o into_o heraclitus_n his_o river_n become_v a_o usual_a proverb_n to_o express_v a_o continue_a and_o perpetual_a change_n of_o every_o thing_n from_o itself_o but_o let_v such_o as_o dream_v that_o the_o fluid_a inconstant_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n disprove'_v the_o private_a dominion_n of_o it_o entertain_v the_o same_o opinion_n if_o they_o pleasant_a with_o these_o man_n of_o thing_n that_o fall_v under_o a_o civil_a consideration_n and_o then_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n grant_v also_o that_o themselves_o be_v not_o owner_n or_o possessor_n either_o of_o land_n house_n clothes_n money_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n whatsoêver_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n touch_v the_o defect_n of_o bound_n and_o limit_n in_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o concern_v its_o magnitude_n and_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n chap._n
xxii_o the_o objection_n touch_v the_o defect_n of_o limit_n and_o and_o bound_n follow_v we_o next_o and_o true_o where_o dominion_n be_v distinguish_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o desirable_a then_o know_v and_o certain_a bound_n in_o every_o place_n nor_o be_v it_o without_o cause_n that_o numâ_fw-la terminus_n the_o god_n of_o bound_n be_v receive_v heretofore_o among_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o god_n of_o justice_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o bound_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v either_o upon_o the_o shore_n or_o in_o the_o open_a sea_n and_o why_o shore_n shall_v not_o be_v call_v and_o repute_v lawful_a bound_n whereon_o to_o ground_v a_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n in_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o ditch_n hedge_n meers_n row_n of_o tree_n mound_n and_o other_o thing_n use_v by_o surveyor_n in_o the_o bound_a of_o land_n i_o can_v full_o understand_v nor_o be_v sea_n sylvanus_n any_o whit_n more_o a_o guardian_n of_o bound_n than_o neptune_n but_o yet_o a_o very_a learned_a man_n say_v 3._o there_o be_v a_o reason_n in_o nature_n why_o the_o sea_n under_o the_o aforesaid_a consideration_n can_v be_v possess_v or_o make_v appropriate_a because_o possession_n be_v of_o no_o force_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v bound_v so_o that_o thucydides_n call_v s_o a_o land_n unpossessed_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unbounded_a and_o isocrates_n the_o land_n possess_v by_o the_o athenian_n a_o land_n bound_v with_o limit_n but_o liquid_a thing_n because_o of_o themselves_o they_o be_v not_o bound_v can_v be_v possess_v save_v only_o as_o they_o be_v contain_v in_o some_o other_o thing_n after_o which_o manner_n lake_n and_o pond_n be_v possess_v and_o river_n also_o because_o they_o be_v contain_v within_o bank_n but_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o contain_v by_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v of_o equal_a bigness_n or_o big_a than_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o the_o ancient_n have_v affirm_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v contain_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o he_o bring_v we_o divers_a testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n whereby_o it_o be_v affirm_v more_o than_o once_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o girdle_n or_o bond_n of_o this_o globe_n of_o earth_n and_o that_o fetch_v a_o compass_n it_o enclose_v all_o the_o part_n thereof_o together_o and_o it_o be_v very_o often_o say_v by_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o land_n be_v contain_v and_o bound_v by_o the_o water_n or_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o whole_a earth_n make_v as_o it_o be_v one_o island_n be_v 5._o surround_v by_o the_o sea_n but_o admit_v it_o be_v to_o be_v grant_v which_o i_o suppose_v neither_o that_o learned_a man_n nor_o any_o other_o will_v grant_v yet_o i_o do_v not_o well_o see_v why_o the_o thing_n contain_v shall_v not_o in_o truth_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o thing_n contain_v as_o well_o as_o this_o by_o that_o may_v not_o a_o lesser_a body_n that_o be_v spherical_a or_o of_o any_o other_o form_n be_v contain_v by_o a_o great_a which_o be_v every_o way_n contiguous_a to_o it_o be_v say_v to_o bound_v and_o limit_v the_o concave_n of_o the_o great_a body_n as_o well_o as_o this_o to_o limit_v the_o convex_a of_o the_o lesser_a but_o julius_n 37._o scaliger_n say_v very_o well_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n that_o the_o one_o be_v not_o so_o contain_v by_o the_o other_o but_o that_o it_o may_v also_o contain_v nor_o be_v they_o so_o disjoin_v from_o each_o other_o but_o that_o they_o may_v both_o encroach_v upon_o each_o other_o and_o retire_v by_o turn_v the_o sea_n and_o land_n mutual_o embrace_v one_o another_o with_o crooked_a wind_n and_o turn_n this_o with_o peninsula_n and_o promontory_n butt_v forth_o and_o creek_n bend_v inward_a that_o work_v up_o its_o wave_n about_o all_o the_o passage_n of_o its_o vast_a body_n thus_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o one_o indifferent_o set_z bound_n to_o the_o other_o no_o otherwise_o than_o banks_n and_o lake_n or_o river_n which_o also_o appear_v more_o evident_a in_o the_o sâ—a_n caspian_a sea_n that_o be_v encompass_v with_o land_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a before_o that_o hercules_n or_o as_o the_o 1_o arabian_n say_v alexander_n the_o great_a do_v by_o cut_v the_o mountain_n let_v in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n through_o the_o strait_n of_o cadiz_n and_o thereby_o it_o be_v make_v up_o one_o single_a globe_n wherein_o divers_a sea_n be_v bound_v as_o well_o as_o the_o isle_n or_o main_a land_n as_o it_o be_v more_o clear_o prove_v out_o of_o holy_a scripture_n there_o the_o water_n be_v gather_v together_o and_o limit_v by_o their_o place_n and_o 9_o bound_n and_o say_v the_o lord_n himself_o of_o the_o sea_n 10._o i_o encompass_v it_o with_o my_o bound_n and_o set_v bar_n and_o door_n and_o say_v hitherto_o shall_v thou_o come_v but_o no_o far_o and_o in_o another_o place_n 29._o he_o give_v unto_o the_o sea_n his_o bound_n his_o decree_n unto_o the_o water_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o pass_v their_o bound_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v every_o sea_n have_v its_o bound_n on_o the_o shore_n as_o the_o land_n itself_o nor_o have_v i_o make_v mention_n of_o this_o particular_a have_v i_o not_o find_v it_o impugn_a by_o so_o eminent_a a_o person_n and_o true_o there_o be_v but_o a_o very_a little_a more_o difficulty_n to_o find_v out_o limit_n and_o bound_n in_o the_o main_a sea_n for_o distinguish_v of_o private_a dominion_n we_o have_v high_a rock_n shelus_n promontory_n opposite_a to_o each_o other_o and_o island_n disperse_v up_o and_o down_o from_o whence_o as_o well_o direct_a line_n as_o crooked_a wind_n and_o turn_n and_o angle_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o bound_a of_o a_o territory_n in_o the_o sea_n mille_fw-la jacent_fw-la mediae_fw-la diffusa_fw-la per_fw-la aequora_fw-la terrae_fw-la innumeri_fw-la surgunt_fw-la scopuli_n montésque_fw-la per_fw-la altum_fw-la a_o thousand_o land_n within_o the_o main_n do_v lie_v rock_n numberless_a and_o mountain_n rise_v on_o high_a throughout_o the_o deep_a the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n also_o reckon_v up_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o world_n no_o otherwise_o then_o town_n rivers_n island_n and_o mountain_n as_o be_v no_o less_o distinguish_v from_o each_o other_o by_o their_o respective_a bound_n cosmographia_fw-la aethicus_n say_v every_o globe_n of_o land_n have_v xxx_o sea_n ccclxx_o town_n lxxii_o island_n lvii_o river_n and_o xl_o mountain_n etc._n etc._n after_o this_o also_o he_o reckon'_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o eastern_a western_a northen_n and_o southern_a ocean_n one_o after_o another_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o do_v the_o province_n and_o their_o isle_n how_o true_o i_o dispute_v not_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v sufficient_o distinguish_v by_o their_o name_n and_o bound_n add_v hereunto_o that_o useful_a invention_n of_o the_o sea-man_n compass_n and_o the_o help_n of_o celestial_a degree_n either_o of_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n together_o with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o triangle_n arise_v therefrom_o also_o in_o those_o plantation_n that_o in_o our_o time_n have_v be_v carry_v out_o of_o europe_n into_o america_n the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n do_v serve_v the_o proprietor_n in_o stead_n of_o bound_n which_o with_o as_o little_a difficulty_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n in_o like_a manner_n 28._o some_o will_v have_v have_v the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n to_o have_v be_v the_o bound_n in_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o limit_v of_o that_o agreement_n which_o be_v to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n mdcviii_o between_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o in_o the_o late_a agreement_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o spain_n 2._o the_o equinoctial_a line_n be_v the_o bind_v appoint_v in_o the_o sea_n other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n eor_fw-la sarpedon_n and_o calycadnus_n two_o promontory_n of_o cilicia_n be_v design_v as_o bound_n for_o distinguish_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o league_n make_v betwixt_o the_o 8._o roman_n and_o antiochus_n king_n of_o syria_n also_o by_o decree_n of_o the_o emperor_n leo_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v the_o sea_n fish_n epoche_n or_o fish-pen_n that_o be_v by_o man_n place_v in_o the_o sea_n lie_v over_o against_o their_o land_n be_v limit_v to_o certain_a number_n of_o cubit_n the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o likewise_o touch_v the_o cyanean_a and_o chelidonian_a island_n in_o the_o league_n make_v by_o the_o cimonis_fw-la athenian_n with_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n which_o have_v be_v mention_v also_o before_o moreover_o pope_n alexander_n vi_o and_o his_o cardinal_n or_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n agent_n make_v no_o scruple_n touch_v bound_n of_o this_o
write_v that_o leo_n make_v a_o change_n against_o reason_n of_o law_n and_o here_o especial_a care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o avoid_v that_o which_o some_o have_v presume_v to_o affirm_v touch_v those_o most_o excellent_a book_n of_o justinian_n which_o make_v up_o a_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n 3._o that_o the_o law_n prescribe_v in_o those_o book_n be_v not_o the_o law_n only_o of_o a_o city_n but_o even_o of_o nation_n and_o nature_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a be_v so_o fit_v unto_o nature_n that_o after_o the_o empire_n be_v extinct_a though_o the_o law_n be_v a_o long_a time_n bury_v yet_o it_o rise_v again_o and_o spread_v itself_o through_o all_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o concern_v even_o prince_n although_o it_o be_v frame_v by_o justinian_n for_o private_a person_n as_o if_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v only_o out_o of_o those_o book_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v how_o that_o not_o only_o very_o many_o decree_n and_o custome_n introduce_v in_o the_o romane-germane_n empire_n itself_o and_o other_o place_n abroad_o have_v extreme_o alter_v many_o thing_n contain_v in_o those_o book_n but_o also_o that_o we_o find_v divers_a king_n both_o of_o ley_n spain_n and_o physica_n france_n have_v sometime_o heretofore_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o any_o kind_n within_o their_o court_n of_o justice_n there_o be_v true_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n who_o receiv_v those_o book_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n both_o into_o their_o school_n and_o court_n so_o far_o as_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o their_o kingdom_n will_v permit_v i_o mean_v in_o their_o law_n common_a or_o intervenient_a which_o be_v not_o ground_v at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o justinian_n but_o have_v have_v their_o original_n from_o custom_n quite_o contrary_a thereto_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v not_o now_o make_v slave_n nor_o be_v the_o law_n concern_v captivity_n or_o remitter_n upon_o return_n from_o captivity_n touch_v the_o 20._o person_n of_o man_n in_o any_o use_n at_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o take_v up_o a_o title_n in_o the_o digest_v ship_n drive_v by_o wrack_n upon_o a_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o possessione_n law_n of_o justinian_n which_o be_v confirm_v also_o in_o the_o 118._o roman_n german_a empire_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n or_o as_o thing_n relinquish_v and_o unpossessed_a to_o the_o first_o finder_n nor_o do_v the_o exchequer_n interpose_v any_o claim_n whereas_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o divers_a nation_n intervenient_a to_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o those_o ship_n be_v very_o often_o confiscate_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o custom_n as_o among_o the_o english_a the_o 45._o britain_n 10._o sicilian_n some_o 393._o borderer_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o italy_n and_o other_o and_o although_o it_o be_v account_v cruelty_n by_o some_o to_o pursue_v profit_n upon_o so_o sad_a a_o occasion_n as_o it_o be_v also_o by_o the_o 85._o emperor_n either_o constantine_n or_o antoninus_n who_o make_v a_o law_n thereupon_o yea_o and_o though_o beside_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o lateran_n council_n the_o bull_n raptoribus_fw-la coenae_fw-la domini_fw-la do_v blast_n those_o every_o year_n with_o excommunication_n that_o plunder_v the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o suffer_v shipwreck_n in_o 4._o any_o sea_n upon_o any_o pretence_n of_o law_n or_o custom_n whatsoêver_o yet_o the_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n in_o this_o case_n derive_v not_o its_o original_a from_o the_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a age_n but_o it_o flow_v first_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a maritime_a law_n of_o the_o rhodian_o which_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o grecian_n in_o their_o flourish_a condition_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v by_o and_o by_o and_o from_o thence_o be_v receive_v by_o divers_a prince_n also_o when_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n as_o bodin_n say_v make_v complaint_n before_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n that_o two_o ship_n be_v drive_v a_o shore_n be_v seize_v by_o one_o jordanes_n ursinus_n and_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o they_o annas_n of_o momorancie_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n make_v answer_n that_o all_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v cast_v upon_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n belong_v to_o such_o prince_n as_o have_v command_v the_o sh_n so_o far_o have_v custom_n take_v place_n in_o this_o particular_a that_o andraeas_n doria_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o complain_v about_o those_o ship_n that_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o french_a shore_n and_o make_v prize_n by_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n so_o far_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n whale_n and_o other_o fish_n of_o extraordinary_a bigness_n do_v not_o according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o england_n 48._o portugal_n and_o other_o nation_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o first_o seize_v they_o but_o either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o to_o such_o as_o the_o prince_n shall_v grant_v a_o royalty_n of_o that_o nature_n other_o instance_n may_v be_v bring_v sufficient_o to_o show_v that_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v not_o whole_o to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o such_o decree_n or_o determination_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n and_o so_o that_o what_o be_v there_o insert_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a diminish_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o so_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v say_v in_o those_o book_n to_o be_v common_a as_o the_o aâ—r_n and_o as_o wild_a beast_n be_v common_a as_o if_o indeed_o the_o neighbour_a aâ—r_n itself_o can_v not_o pass_v into_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o a_o river_n that_o be_v possels'â—_n and_o wild_a beast_n that_o be_v take_v moreover_o those_o ancient_n do_v ordinary_o conjoin_v a_o community_n of_o shore_n and_o port_n not_o unlike_a to_o that_o which_o they_o teach_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o very_a reason_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o port_n and_o shore_n as_o they_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o here_o to_o the_o prince_n himself_o be_v not_o manifest_o draw_v as_o we_o have_v express_o show_v already_o out_o of_o 14._o celsus_n from_o the_o impost_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v frequent_a enough_o both_o in_o the_o shore_n and_o obiter_fw-la port_n of_o the_o â—oman_n empire_n and_o in_o the_o book_n of_o c._n justinian_n as_o in_o many_o other_o place_n for_o as_o the_o 1._o payment_n of_o that_o tribute_n which_o be_v call_v solarium_fw-la à _fw-la solo_n and_o thence_o by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n pignore_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o house_n that_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o public_a ground_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n that_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o prince_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n so_o indeed_o also_o the_o custom_n pay_v for_o the_o use_n of_o port_n manifest_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o dominion_n over_o them_o also_o port_n themselves_o be_v right_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o part_n even_o of_o the_o continent_n as_o appear_v in_o publicanis_fw-la another_o place_n moreover_o also_o justinian_n appropriate_v the_o hellespont_n to_o himself_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o he_o will_v not_o permit_v merchant_n and_o seaman_n to_o enjoy_v a_o freedom_n of_o that_o sea_n and_o the_o port_n but_o at_o a_o extraordinary_a rate_n if_o we_o may_v believ_n 110._o procopius_n who_o be_v his_o comtemporarie_a and_o write_v his_o affair_n nor_o do_v they_o imagine_v there_o be_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o over_o the_o land_n or_o people_n who_o about_o 400_o year_n since_o put_v this_o inscription_n upon_o the_o monument_n of_o the_o emperor_n 93._o frederick_n the_o second_o qui_fw-la mare_fw-la qui_fw-la terras_fw-la populos_fw-la &_o regna_fw-la subegit_fw-la who_o subdue_v the_o sea_n the_o land_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o palermo_n in_o which_o place_n notwithstanding_o the_o imperial_a law_n flourish_v at_o that_o time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v that_o those_o ancient_a lawyer_n do_v deliver_v many_o thing_n careless_o touch_v this_o matter_n not_o only_o such_o as_o thwart_v the_o most_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n through_o almost_o all_o age_n but_o such_o also_o as_o do_v sufficient_o contradict_v one_o another_o especial_o whilst_o they_o join_v the_o shore_n itself_o and_o consequent_o the_o port_n together_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o equal_a state_n of_o community_n so_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o
the_o right_n of_o the_o customer_n that_o be_v of_o the_o exchequer_n who_o right_a be_v transferr_v do_v into_o their_o hand_n be_v assert_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v appear_v that_o such_o a_o law_n or_o custom_n be_v in_o force_n at_o that_o time_n which_o interpreter_n be_v not_o wont_a here_o to_o grant_v it_o be_v indeed_o certain_a enough_o according_a to_o the_o imperial_a law_n as_o we_o have_v it_o now_o compile_v in_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n that_o naufragiis_fw-la wreck_n be_v reserve_v to_o the_o former_a owner_n and_o so_o that_o both_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o customer_n be_v thence_o exclude_v yea_o and_o that_o the_o custom_n whereby_o they_o be_v confiscate_v be_v condemn_v by_o the_o receive_a determination_n of_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n as_o well_o as_o the_o canon_n law_n as_o we_o hint_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n but_o it_o be_v collect_v by_o manifest_a evidence_n that_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n for_o confiscation_n of_o wreck_n be_v in_o force_n in_o the_o time_n of_o this_o emperor_n antoninus_n i_o mean_v antoninus_n pius_fw-la who_o as_o julius_n capitolinus_n write_v do_v in_o the_o establish_n of_o this_o law_n make_v use_n of_o volusius_n metianus_n the_o lawyer_n out_o of_o who_o book_n the_o petition_n and_o answer_v here_o speak_v of_o be_v transcribe_v into_o the_o digest_v citatis_fw-la it_o be_v clear_a that_o almost_o all_o those_o passage_n that_o we_o find_v in_o the_o digest_v for_o reserve_v they_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n be_v take_v out_o of_o paulus_n callistratus_n and_o ulpian_n who_o live_v many_o year_n after_o this_o antoninus_n there_o be_v somewhat_o also_o to_o this_o purpose_n out_o of_o 1._o priscus_n javolenus_n who_o live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o this_o antoninus_n but_o this_o emperor_n reign_v xxii_o year_n and_o as_o appear_v out_o of_o javolenus_n he_o do_v by_o decree_n mitigate_v the_o rigour_n of_o confiscation_n in_o this_o case_n from_o which_o it_o may_v easy_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o under_o the_o same_o emperor_n such_o a_o law_n and_o custom_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v may_v be_v in_o force_n and_o under_o the_o same_o it_o may_v either_o be_v abrogate_a or_o the_o rigour_n of_o it_o abate_v the_o principal_a constitution_n which_o according_a to_o the_o naufragiis_fw-la book_n of_o justinian_n will_v not_o have_v the_o exchequer_n to_o interpose_v in_o this_o case_n be_v by_o antonius_n contius_n a_o very_a eminent_a lawyer_n attribute_v to_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o a_o ancient_a book_n in_o manuscript_n although_o the_o name_n of_o constantine_n be_v put_v before_o those_o that_o be_v publish_v the_o word_n be_v these_o if_o at_o any_o time_n a_o vessel_n be_v drive_v a_o shore_n by_o shipwreck_n or_o if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o run_v aground_o it_o shall_v belong_v to_o the_o owner_n my_o exchequer_n shall_v not_o interpose_v itself_o for_o what_o right_o have_v the_o exchequer_n by_o another_o man_n misfortune_n that_o it_o shall_v seek_v after_o profit_n upon_o so_o sad_a a_o occasion_n yea_o and_o ulpian_n shew_v that_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o constitution_n there_o be_v also_o under_o adrian_n who_o be_v this_o man_n father_n by_o adoption_n it_o be_v decree_v so_o say_v incendio_fw-la ulpian_n that_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o every_o man_n to_o recover_v his_o loss_n by_o shipwreck_n free_o and_o thus_o much_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n with_o the_o emperor_n his_o father_n there_o be_v in_o these_o very_a clear_a evidence_n that_o about_o that_o time_n there_o be_v such_o a_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v which_o we_o know_v very_o well_o be_v wont_a to_o take_v place_n often_o even_o contrary_a to_o the_o authority_n of_o ancient_a decree_n for_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v from_o the_o shipwreck_n of_o valgius_n or_o victor_n relate_v by_o micarium_n paulinus_n that_o it_o be_v in_o some_o use_n even_o under_o theodosius_n the_o elder_a there_o be_v the_o like_a example_n upon_o the_o 1443._o shore_n of_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n and_o other_o may_v be_v bring_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o some_o law_n be_v make_v to_o the_o contrary_n moreover_o also_o the_o ancient_a orator_n both_o greek_a and_o latin_a whilst_o they_o allege_v example_n about_o the_o state_v of_o question_n in_o plead_v do_v mingle_v this_o very_a law_n or_o custom_n about_o shipwreck_n with_o other_o usual_a and_o ancient_a custom_n in_o the_o greek_a and_o roman_a empire_n as_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v very_o frequent_o receive_v sopater_n and_o 1509._o syrianus_n in_o hermogenem_fw-la say_v the_o law_n be_v that_o spoil_n which_o be_v find_v do_v belong_v to_o he_o that_o be_v general_n of_o the_o army_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o law_n be_v that_o wreck_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o customer_n in_o a_o tempestuous_a sea_n spoil_n be_v bring_v into_o port._n hereupon_o arise_v a_o controversy_n about_o they_o between_o the_o commander_n and_o the_o customer_n of_o the_o custom_n in_o this_o case_n it_o beâ—ove's_v we_o not_o to_o vex_v our_o selus_fw-la in_o vain_a with_o read_v of_o law_n but_o to_o look_v into_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o thing_n for_o in_o truth_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o good_n be_v now_o to_o be_v call_v spoil_n or_o wreck_n in_o like_a manner_n say_v 1599_o curius_n fortunatianus_n what_o be_v a_o simple_a definition_n when_o we_o define_v a_o particular_a thing_n simple_o put_v case_n that_o wreck_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o publican_n or_o customer_n the_o body_n of_o a_o certain_a man_n that_o be_v lose_v by_o shipwreck_n clothes_n and_o all_o be_v drive_v ashore_o be_v cover_v by_o the_o sand_n the_o customer_n come_v and_o draw_v it_o out_o therefore_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o violation_n of_o sepulchre_n for_o here_o the_o question_n be_v simple_o what_o it_o be_v to_o violate_v a_o sepulchre_n moreover_o that_o volusius_n metianus_n write_v that_o petition_n and_o the_o answer_n appear_v in_o libris_fw-la publicorum_fw-la ex_fw-la lege_fw-la rhodiâ_fw-la that_o be_v in_o his_o summarie_n of_o those_o law_n which_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o the_o customer_n wherein_o also_o be_v contain_v either_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n of_o wreck_n it_o suit_n be_v very_a well_o with_o these_o particular_n that_o in_o that_o answer_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n those_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d shall_v be_v render_v but_o that_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o custom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o he_o mean_v shall_v be_v so_o examine_v and_o determine_v according_a to_o the_o rhodian_a law_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n those_o rhodian_a law_n shall_v not_o be_v of_o force_n if_o any_o rescript_n or_o any_o roman_a law_n be_v against_o it_o and_o of_o what_o authority_n adrian_n decree_n be_v at_o that_o time_n whereof_o ulpian_n speak_v in_o the_o place_n before_o 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be_v by_o they_o deliver_v just_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v so_o discourse_n upon_o aristotle_n astronomy_n or_o the_o opinion_n of_o thales_n touch_v the_o earth_n float_v like_o a_o dish_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o of_o the_o stoics_n of_o its_o encompass_v the_o earth_n like_o a_o girdle_n with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v a_o extreme_a heat_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o other_o opinion_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v reject_v and_o condemn_v by_o the_o observation_n and_o experience_n of_o posterity_n that_o he_o may_v seem_v not_o so_o much_o to_o search_v into_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o to_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o author_n thereby_o to_o trace_v out_o his_o meaning_n only_o for_o the_o discover_n of_o his_o opinion_n but_o as_o the_o root_n be_v cut_v the_o tree_n fall_v so_o the_o authority_n of_o those_o ancient_a lawyer_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o way_n all_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o modern_a 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7._o will_v have_v prescription_n to_o cease_v betwixt_o foreigner_n in_o relation_n to_o each_o other_o and_o not_o to_o take_v place_n in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o in_o the_o civil_a only_o so_o that_o by_o his_o opinion_n prescription_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o force_n between_o those_o as_o between_o two_o supreme_a state_n or_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o indifferent_o subject_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o admit_n prescription_n than_o which_o not_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v say_v or_o imagine_v more_o absurd_a almost_o all_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v establish_v by_o long_a consent_n of_o person_n use_v they_o do_v depend_v upon_o prescription_n or_o ancient_a custom_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o those_o prince_n who_o territory_n be_v subject_a heretofore_o to_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o who_o afterward_o become_v absolute_a within_o themselves_o not_o only_o by_o arm_n but_o also_o by_o prescription_n which_o be_v 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natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o have_v handle_v that_o point_n in_o two_o book_n in_o his_o mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la and_o in_o that_o excellent_a work_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la as_o to_o what_o concern_v mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la a_o book_n that_o be_v write_v against_o the_o portugal_n about_o trade_v into_o the_o indies_n through_o the_o vast_a atlantic_a and_o southern_a ocean_n it_o conte_v indeed_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v be_v deliver_v by_o ancient_a lawyer_n touch_v community_n of_o the_o sea_n yea_o and_o dispute_v for_o the_o profit_n and_o interest_n of_o his_o country_n he_o draw_n they_o into_o his_o own_o party_n and_o so_o endeavor_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n but_o he_o have_v so_o wary_o couch_v this_o subject_n with_o other_o thing_n that_o whether_o in_o this_o he_o do_v hit_v or_o miss_v the_o rest_n howsoëver_o may_v serve_v to_o assert_v the_o point_n which_o 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controversy_n be_v not_o about_o a_o straight_a or_o creek_n in_o this_o ocean_n nor_o of_o so_o much_o as_o be_v within_o view_v when_o one_o stand_v upon_o the_o shore_n a_o little_a far_o also_o speak_v of_o prescription_n he_o say_v 7._o it_o be_v to_o be_v add_v that_o their_o authority_n who_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n can_v be_v apply_v to_o this_o question_n for_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n we_o of_o the_o ocean_n they_o of_o a_o creek_n or_o bay_n we_o of_o the_o broad_a and_o wide_a sea_n which_o differ_v very_o much_o in_o the_o point_n of_o occupation_n and_o certain_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o must_v conceiv_v it_o a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n to_o possess_v the_o whole_a ocean_n though_o if_o it_o can_v be_v hold_v by_o occupation_n like_o a_o narrow_a sea_n or_o a_o creek_n or_o as_o
the_o whole_a world_n be_v say_v to_o be_v possess_v at_o first_o by_o ancient_a prince_n it_o may_v even_o as_o well_o pass_v into_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v enter_v upon_o it_o first_o by_o occupation_n howsoêver_o there_o have_v be_v 52._o some_o other_o who_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n distinguish_v in_o like_a manner_n the_o inner_a and_o neighbour_a sea_n from_o the_o open_a sea_n or_o main_a ocean_n but_o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v omit_v that_o they_o for_o who_o sake_n hugo_n grotius_n write_v that_o book_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o stateâ—_n of_o holland_n do_v not_o unwilling_o but_o rather_o as_o it_o seem_v according_a to_o their_o own_o heart_n desire_v give_v ear_n to_o the_o condemnation_n of_o that_o opinion_n especial_o because_o it_o be_v own_v by_o grotius_n concern_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o freedom_n of_o fish_v therein_o according_a to_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n by_o the_o ambassador_n of_o james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o a_o speech_n of_o his_o deliver_v open_o in_o holland_n and_o that_o other_o be_v grave_o admonish_v from_o his_o misfortune_n not_o to_o maintain_v the_o like_a of_o which_o thing_n grotius_n himself_o bear_n witness_n 257._o i_o have_v labour_v say_v he_o as_o much_o as_o any_o to_o maintain_v the_o right_n of_o navigation_n to_o the_o indies_n and_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o clothdress_v in_o our_o country_n but_o for_o the_o freedom_n of_o fish_v at_o sea_n so_o much_o that_o carleton_n the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n ambassador_n be_v incite_v by_o my_o enemy_n to_o speak_v somewhat_o in_o public_a against_o i_o be_v at_o business_n that_o time_n in_o prison_n he_o have_v no_o â—ing_v else_o to_o say_v but_o that_o i_o have_v begin_v to_o make_v some_o discourse_n in_o defence_n of_o that_o freedom_n as_o a_o thing_n ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o custom_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n whereas_o 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know_v as_o thing_n than_o stand_v displea_n the_o state_n of_o holland_n but_o in_o his_o book_n 3_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la have_v indeed_o set_v down_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o original_n of_o private_a dominion_n to_o be_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o those_o place_n which_o become_v peculiar_o assign_v be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o all_o man_n he_o conclude_n that_o the_o sea_n because_o of_o its_o bigness_n and_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n be_v sufficient_a for_o all_o can_v be_v appropriate_v to_o any_o he_o add'_v other_o thing_n also_o touch_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o be_v distinguishable_a by_o bound_n of_o both_o which_o we_o have_v say_v enough_o already_o but_o at_o length_n he_o betake'_v himself_o to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n and_o speak_v more_o than_o once_o concern_v the_o propriety_n or_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n sometime_o to_o be_v yield_v without_o controversy_n the_o land_n say_v 13._o he_o and_o river_n and_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o case_n it_o come_v under_o the_o propriety_n of_o some_o nation_n aught_o to_o be_v open_a for_o such_o as_o have_v need_n of_o passage_n upon_o just_a and_o necessary_a occasion_n afterward_o also_o speak_v of_o the_o 8._o propriety_n of_o river_n after_o this_o example_n say_v he_o it_o seem_v that_o even_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v possess_v by_o he_o that_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o land_n on_o both_o side_n although_o it_o lie_v open_a either_o above_o as_o a_o creek_n or_o above_o and_o below_o too_o as_o a_o straight_a or_o narrow_a sea_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o land_n it_o can_v seem_v to_o be_v any_o portion_n of_o they_o and_o that_o which_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o prince_n or_o people_n the_o same_o seem_v lawful_a also_o for_o two_o or_o three_o if_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n they_o plea_n to_o enter_v upon_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o for_o so_o rivers_z that_o flow_v between_o two_o nation_n have_v be_v enter_v upon_o by_o both_o and_o then_o divide_v he_o allege_v other_o thing_n also_o touch_v the_o right_n of_o primarie_a occupation_n by_o sea_n but_o so_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o conte_v himself_o within_o creek_n and_o strait_n 19_o he_o say_v that_o not_o by_o any_o natural_a right_n or_o reason_n but_o by_o custom_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o appropriate_v or_o that_o it_o can_v not_o lawful_o be_v enter_v upon_o by_o right_a of_o occupation_n and_o that_o the_o custom_n be_v change_v if_o there_o be_v any_o in_o the_o ancient_a law_n that_o may_v hinder_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o reason_n of_o community_n must_v be_v change_v also_o but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v sufficient_o change_v appear_v abundant_o if_o i_o be_v not_o deceive_v out_o of_o what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o show_v you_o yea_o the_o very_a law_n as_o well_o municipal_a civil_a as_o intervenient_a of_o most_o nation_n make_v abundant_o to_o this_o purpose_n as_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v moreover_o that_o nothing_o may_v be_v want_v to_o weigh_v down_o the_o balance_n therefore_o beside_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o civil_a lawyer_n before_o allege_v out_o of_o france_n spain_n and_o italy_n for_o a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v this_o over_o and_o above_o be_v add_v which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o that_o sort_n of_o lawyer_n also_o discourse_v in_o general_a term_n about_o the_o sea_n i_o here_o give_v it_o you_o as_o it_o be_v compose_v by_o a_o lawyer_n none_o of_o the_o mean_a in_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n by_o name_n 97._o regenerus_fw-la sixtinus_n who_o be_v indeed_o against_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o matter_n in_o question_n say_v he_o concern_v the_o sea_n and_o its_o shore_n be_v whether_o as_o river_n that_o be_v navigable_a and_o by_o which_o other_o be_v make_v navigable_a they_o may_v be_v reckon_v inter_v regalia_z among_o the_o prince_n royalty_n for_o whatsoëver_o be_v repute_v a_o part_n of_o those_o regalia_z or_o royalty_n be_v as_o private_a or_o peculiar_a to_o prince_n as_o that_o be_v to_o subject_n which_o be_v their_o own_o for_o which_o cause_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o exchequer_n be_v private_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o also_o whether_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o its_o shore_n be_v comprise_v within_o those_o regalia_z cacheranus_n decis_n 155._o n._n 81._o ferrarius_fw-la montanus_n de_fw-fr feud_n lib._n 5._o c._n 7._o piscandi_fw-la reckon_n the_o regulation_n and_o the_o very_a dominion_n also_o of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o regalia_z nor_o do_v he_o make_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o public_a river_n mynsingerus_n also_o resp._n 1_o nu_fw-la 162._o decad._n 11._o say_v that_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o part_n of_o those_o regalia_z but_o sixtinus_n himself_o discourse_v upon_o this_o matter_n just_a as_o they_o do_v that_o be_v more_o addict_v than_o they_o ought_v to_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o number_v up_o those_o autor_n that_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n conclude_n thus_o but_o more_o true_a it_o be_v that_o a_o propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o shore_n be_v not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o regalia_z but_o upon_o due_a consideration_n of_o all_o those_o particular_n which_o hitherto_o have_v be_v produce_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o so_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n and_o as_o well_o out_o of_o the_o civil_a as_o the_o common_a or_o intervenient_a law_n of_o most_o nation_n no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v question_v but_o that_o there_o remain_n not_o either_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o in_o the_o law_n either_o
those_o coin_n be_v make_v with_o the_o inscription_n both_o of_o c._n carausius_n and_o c._n allectusâ—mp_n â—mp_z c._n carausius_n p._n f._n aug_n and_o â—mp_n c._n allectus_n p._n f._n aug_n but_o we_o have_v place_v here_o a_o counterfeit_n of_o that_o brass_n coin_v which_o be_v make_v by_o allectus_n that_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o three-oared_a galley_n on_o the_o rever_n of_o it_o with_o the_o inscription_n virtus_n augusta_n whereby_o i_o conceiv_v he_o give_v to_o understand_v that_o this_o empire_n of_o britain_n chief_o depend_v upon_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o it_o touch_v the_o recovery_n of_o britain_n thus_o together_o with_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v also_o a_o notable_a testimony_n in_o that_o panegyric_n whereof_o some_o conceiv_a mamertinus_n other_o eumenius_n to_o be_v the_o author_n o_o how_o great_a be_v this_o victory_n say_v he_o and_o worthy_a of_o innumerable_a triumph_n whereby_o britain_n be_v recover_v whereby_o the_o french_a be_v utter_o destroy_v whereby_o moreover_o those_o many_o nation_n that_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o same_o mischievous_a conspiracy_n be_v force_v to_o a_o necessity_n of_o yield_v and_o last_o for_o our_o perpetual_a peace_n the_o sea_n be_v scour_v and_o rid_v of_o pirate_n glory_n then_o o_o unconquerable_a caesar_n he_o speak_v to_o constantius_n chlorus_n the_o afore-named_n emperor_n that_o thou_o have_v purchase_v another_o world_n and_o add_v to_o the_o empire_n a_o element_n great_a than_o all_o the_o earth_n by_o restore_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o roman_a power_n by_o sea_n he_o say_v a_o great_a element_n in_o a_o rhetorical_a flourish_n in_o stead_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n which_o he_o thus_o express_o affirm's_n to_o have_v be_v recover_v together_o with_o britain_n itself_o it_o be_v observable_a also_o that_o the_o roman_n always_o so_o speak_v concern_v the_o empire_n of_o britain_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n call_v by_o its_o name_n as_o inseparable_a make_v mention_n likewise_o of_o that_o pest_n which_o consume_v only_o within_o the_o bowel_n of_o britain_n or_o of_o the_o imminent_a danger_n then_o attend_v the_o roman_a empire_n it_o wâ—â—_n bound_v say_v he_o with_o no_o mountain_n or_o river_n which_o be_v not_o secure_v by_o guard_n at_o the_o place_n appoint_v but_o although_o we_o share_v in_o your_o valour_n and_o felicity_n yet_o like_o a_o ship_n it_o be_v expose_v in_o every_o place_n â—o_o great_a terror_n wheresoëver_o the_o sea_n be_v spread_v or_o the_o wind_n do_v blow_v and_o a_o little_a after_o say_v he_o by_o this_o victory_n not_o only_o your_o britain_n be_v redeem_v from_o vassalage_n but_o security_n of_o traffic_n restore_v to_o all_o nation_n which_o may_v have_v run_v as_o great_a hazard_n at_o sea_n in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o they_o gain_v benefit_n by_o peace_n he_o express_o call_v the_o government_n also_o of_o allectus_n a_o force_n of_o rebellion_n by_o sed_fw-la and_o it_o appear_v say_v he_o that_o the_o â—ery_n isâ—â—_n of_o britain_n which_o have_v harbour_v a_o treason_n of_o so_o long_a continuance_n be_v mâ—de_v sensible_a of_o your_o victory_n by_o be_v restore_v unto_o itself_o together_o with_o the_o conquest_n of_o britain_n itself_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o ship_n be_v lose_v which_o upon_o allectus_n his_o usurpation_n in_o britain_n must_v needs_o as_o a_o perpetual_a concomitant_a of_o the_o island_n have_v be_v of_o very_o great_a use_n against_o the_o emperor_n but_o the_o panegyrist_n go_v on_o in_o other_o part_n indeed_o some_o thing_n remain_v which_o you_o may_v acquire_v as_o you_o plea_n or_o see_v cause_n but_o beyond_o the_o sea_n what_o be_v leave_v except_o only_a britain_n which_o you_o have_v so_o recover_v that_o those_o nation_n also_o which_o border_n upon_o that_o island_n be_v whole_o at_o your_o devotion_n there_o be_v no_o occasion_n to_o proceed_v far_o except_o you_o design_n that_o which_o be_v impossible_a in_o nature_n to_o find_v out_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o â—ea_n what_o nation_n be_v those_o here_o that_o border_n upon_o britain_n except_o those_o that_o lie_v beyond-sea_n who_o shore_n be_v conjoin_v with_o the_o british_a empire_n as_o it_o be_v then_o account_v or_o with_o the_o sea-bound_n of_o the_o province_n of_o britain_n that_o be_v in_o the_o british_a sea_n as_o the_o french_a and_o the_o other_o adjoin_v nation_n for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o those_o little_a isle_n which_o be_v next_o to_o we_o their_o inhabitant_n not_o be_v worthy_a the_o repute_n of_o nation_n not_o be_v it_o agreeable_a to_o the_o majesty_n of_o a_o panegyric_n to_o aggrandise_v the_o emperor_n glory_n by_o such_o petty_a thing_n but_o by_o and_o by_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n we_o show_v that_o those_o nation_n adjoin_v to_o the_o bound_n of_o britain_n or_o who_o bound_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n be_v those_o very_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o continent_n of_o france_n who_o shore_n be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n which_o in_o a_o civil_a since_o be_v account_v a_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n itself_o or_o territorie_n unite_v therewith_o for_o the_o panegyrist_n proceed'_v thus_o to_o the_o explanation_n of_o those_o word_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o thy_o victory_n o_o constantius_n most_o victorious_a emperor_n all_o those_o part_n that_o lay_v waste_n and_o desolate_a about_o the_o country_n of_o amiens_n and_o beauvois_n and_o troy_n and_o langre_n now_o thrive_v again_o by_o the_o labour_n of_o the_o rude_a husbandman_n in_o like_a manner_n carolus_n sigonius_n out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n say_v 1._o by_o this_o victory_n not_o only_a britain_n itself_o be_v recover_v but_o the_o coast_n of_o france_n also_o spain_n italy_n and_o africa_n be_v free_v from_o the_o perpetual_a incursion_n of_o pirate_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o take_n in_o of_o britain_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o naval_a strength_n that_o be_v its_o guard_n not_o only_o the_o neighbour_a but_o even_o the_o remote_a province_n border_v on_o the_o sea_n be_v make_v secure_a and_o free_a see_v they_o be_v all_o threaten_a by_o this_o war_n or_o rather_o rebellion_n by_o sea_n which_o may_v have_v rage_v and_o wander_v as_o wide_a as_o the_o ocean_n and_o into_o the_o strait_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o panegyric_n so_o that_o you_o see_v to_o restore_v or_o reduce_v britain_n to_o recover_v it_o to_o suppress_v a_o sea-rebellion_n here_o and_o to_o scour_v this_o sea_n be_v esteem_v under_o such_o a_o consideration_n that_o the_o one_o be_v do_v the_o other_o follow_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o inseparable_a dominion_n of_o the_o british_a isle_n and_o sea_n together_o and_o when_o britain_n be_v lose_v the_o naval_a force_n of_o the_o roman_n whereby_o the_o sea_n be_v guard_v be_v lose_v in_o like_a manner_n but_o when_o it_o be_v reduce_v even_o these_o also_o be_v reduce_v together_o with_o the_o sea_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n from_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a till_o the_o roman_n quit_v the_o island_n that_o it_o be_v all_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n also_o concern_v the_o british_a navy_n under_o the_o roman_n chap._n vi_o in_o the_o follow_a age_n the_o manner_n of_o administration_n of_o government_n be_v change_v about_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n as_o the_o praetorian_a perfect_a of_o gallia_n have_v a_o deputy_n under_o he_o to_o order_v the_o civil_a affair_n of_o britain_n and_o as_o the_o magister_fw-la militum_fw-la occidentis_fw-la he_o that_o command_v the_o militia_n of_o the_o west_n have_v a_o officer_n under_o he_o call_v come_v britanniarum_n count_n of_o britain_n and_o dux_n britanniarum_n duke_n of_o britain_n who_o command_v force_n for_o defence_n of_o the_o midland_n part_n of_o the_o isle_n so_o the_o say_v magister_fw-la militum_fw-la be_v wont_v at_o his_o own_o discretion_n to_o appoint_v some_o person_n of_o eminent_a dignity_n to_o be_v his_o substitute_n by_o the_o title_n of_o occidentiâ—_n count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n with_o command_n over_o the_o garrison_n and_o fortification_n place_v upon_o the_o south_n and_o eastern_a shore_n of_o britain_n and_o over_o all_o that_o sea_n which_o flow'_v between_o france_n spain_n holland_n denmark_n and_o great_a britain_n as_o over_o a_o part_n or_o bind_v not_o bound_v but_o bound_v by_o the_o british_a empire_n no_o otherwise_o then_o as_o a_o distinct_a province_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n as_o most_o eminent_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a title_n of_o the_o dignity_n or_o command_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o britain_n and_o count_n of_o britain_n be_v as_o the_o count_n of_o
tingitania_n the_o count_n of_o spain_n and_o very_o many_o other_o of_o the_o like_a kind_n denominate_v from_o those_o land_n and_o country_n over_o which_o they_o be_v put_v in_o command_n and_o such_o of_o these_o dignity_n or_o command_n as_o be_v for_o defence_n of_o any_o frontier_n or_o border_n take_v name_n ever_o from_o the_o border_n upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o among_o the_o imperial_a office_n or_o command_v we_o meet_v with_o comes_fw-la limitis_fw-la aegypti_n the_o count_n of_o the_o egyptian_a border_n orient_n the_o perfect_a of_o euphrates_n the_o 490._o perfect_a of_o the_o bank_n of_o danubius_n and_o the_o authemio_n count_n of_o danubius_n and_o those_o 1._o to_o who_o the_o charge_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o river_n rhine_n be_v commit_v for_o these_o river_n be_v bound_n or_o limit_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o 3._o learned_a man_n upon_o good_a ground_n that_o the_o count_n or_o duke_n of_o rhine_n be_v mean_v by_o those_o word_n concern_v the_o river_n of_o rhine_n but_o as_o the_o northern_a and_o eastern_a bound_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v denote_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n danubius_n rhine_n and_o euphrates_n so_o clear_o also_o the_o name_n or_o limit_v of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n point_v out_o the_o eastern_a and_o more_o southerly_a bind_v of_o the_o british_a empire_n or_o that_o which_o be_v reduce_v by_o the_o name_n of_o british_a as_o a_o entire_a body_n under_o the_o roman_a power_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o that_o limit_v lay_v proper_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n in_o britain_n as_o governor_n of_o the_o sea-territorie_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o isle_n but_o that_o territorie_n or_o province_n subject_a to_o this_o particular_a dignity_n or_o command_n reach_v through_o the_o very_a british_a sea_n from_o the_o shore_n of_o britain_n to_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o those_o which_o lie_v over_o against_o ouâ—_n isle_n of_o britain_n in_o france_n the_o low_a country_n holland_n and_o denmark_n so_o that_o what_o sea_n or_o island_n soever_o lie_v between_o near_o the_o british_a shore_n appertain_v all_o to_o the_o command_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a coâ—â—â—t_n as_o to_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o admiral_n belong_v to_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n sub_fw-la dispositione_n viri_fw-la spectabilis_fw-la comitis_fw-la litoris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la per_fw-la britanniam_fw-la praepositus_fw-la numeri_fw-la fortensium_fw-la othonae_fw-la praepositus_fw-la militum_fw-la tangricanorum_n dubris_n praepositus_fw-la numeri_fw-la turnacensium_fw-la lemannis_fw-la praepositus_fw-la equitum_fw-la dalmatarum_fw-la branodunensis_n branoduno_n praepositus_fw-la equitum_fw-la stablesiani_fw-la garrianensis_fw-la gariannâ—nâ—_n tribunus_n cohortis_fw-la primae_fw-la vetasiorum_n regulbio_n praepositus_fw-la legionis_fw-la two_o aug._n rutupis_n praepositus_fw-la numeri_fw-la abuleorum_fw-la anderidae_fw-la praepositus_fw-la numeri_fw-la exploratorum_n portu_fw-la adurni_n officium_fw-la autem_fw-la habet_fw-la idem_fw-la vir_fw-la spectabilis_fw-la comes_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la principem_fw-la ex_fw-la officio_fw-la magistri_fw-la praesentalium_fw-la à _fw-la parte_fw-la peditum_fw-la numerarios_fw-la dvos_fw-la ut_fw-la suprà _fw-la ex_fw-la officio_fw-la supradicto_fw-la cornicularium_fw-la adjutorem_fw-la subadjuvam_n regendarium_n exceptores_fw-la singulares_fw-la &_o reliquos_fw-la officiales_fw-la the_o name_n both_o of_o the_o soldier_n and_o officer_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o pancirollus_n this_o be_v no_o place_n for_o a_o commentary_n to_o explain_v they_o to_o such_o reader_n as_o be_v not_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o story_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o its_o decline_a state_n but_o i_o shall_v give_v a_o account_n of_o their_o number_n as_o it_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o pancirollus_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o know_v what_o those_o garrison_n be_v which_o be_v employ_v at_o that_o time_n to_o guard_v this_o seaappendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n 72._o under_o this_o count_n say_v he_o be_v one_o legion_n or_o regiment_n perhaps_o of_o a_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o company_n perhaps_o one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o two_o troop_n of_o horse_n almost_o two_o hundred_o the_o whole_a amount_n to_o almost_o two_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o foot_n and_o two_o hundred_o hors._n for_o themaâ—ibus_fw-la constantinus_n porphyrogenneta_n write_v that_o at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v a_o regiment_n of_o a_o thousand_o foot_n so_o he_o now_o the_o ship_n and_o soldier_n belong_v to_o the_o navy_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o the_o breviarie_n at_o least_o not_o by_o this_o name_n but_o as_o there_o be_v troop_n of_o horse_n dispose_v against_o the_o landing_n of_o enemy_n in_o case_n any_o shall_v happen_v so_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o soldier_n belong_v to_o the_o navy_n be_v list_v in_o the_o company_n and_o legion_n after_o which_o manner_n likewise_o flavius_n vegetius_n say_v that_o 21._o at_o misenus_n now_o call_v monte_fw-la miseno_fw-la and_o at_o ravenna_n several_a of_o the_o roman_a legion_n continue_v with_o the_o fleet_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v at_o too_o great_a a_o distance_n from_o guard_v the_o city_n and_o that_o they_o may_v as_o occasion_v require_v be_v transport_v in_o ship_n to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n he_o reckon'_v those_o soldier_n belong_v to_o the_o navy_n among_o the_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o under_o their_o name_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o 6._o most_o diligent_a inquirer_n into_o the_o roman_a affair_n whilst_o they_o treat_v of_o their_o fleet_n do_v beside_o that_o of_o ravenna_n and_o annal._n miseno_n of_o which_o this_o latter_a lay_v near_a to_o france_n spain_n barbary_n africa_n egypt_n sardinia_n and_o sicily_n the_o other_o be_v wont_a to_o sail_v in_o a_o direct_a course_n to_o epirus_n macedonia_n achaia_n propontis_n pontus_n the_o east_n crete_n and_o cyprus_n which_o be_v vegetius_n his_o own_o word_n both_o of_o they_o be_v first_o institute_v and_o appoint_v there_o by_o 49._o augustus_n caesar_n to_o guard_v the_o province_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o call_v also_o praetorian_a for_o the_o more_o reputation_n they_o do_v i_o say_v for_o the_o most_o part_n add_v only_o two_o more_o that_o be_v set_v forth_o to_o sea_n but_o of_o less_o account_n the_o one_o be_v place_v at_o friuli_n in_o that_o part_n of_o france_n call_v 4._o gallia_n narbonensis_n the_o other_o in_o the_o very_a 26._o euxin_n sea_n and_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n agree_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v only_o four_o constant_a or_o more_o eminent_a fleet_n at_o sea_n they_o do_v indeed_o right_o add_v also_o some_o other_o constant_a fleet_n which_o belong_v to_o river_n as_o that_o of_o the_o rhine_n and_o danubius_n of_o which_o sort_n also_o may_v be_v reckon_v that_o belong_v to_o mysia_n call_v maesica_n and_o another_o also_o belong_v to_o pannonia_n or_o hungary_n call_v pannonica_fw-la and_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n but_o among_o these_o there_o be_v certain_a bark_n or_o nimble_a vessel_n call_v danubâ—â—_n lusoriae_fw-la or_o lusuriae_n in_o english_a we_o may_v call_v they_o flie-boat_n wherein_o they_o scout_v out_o as_o far_o as_o the_o remote_a bank_n and_o the_o castle_n build_v upon_o they_o to_o guard_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o under_o this_o notion_n the_o name_n of_o these_o lusoriae_fw-la be_v restore_v by_o officiorum_fw-la claudius_n salmasius_n according_a to_o two_o law_n in_o the_o 475._o code_n of_o justinian_n which_o be_v before_o sufficient_o corrupt_v and_o as_o in_o river_n they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n use_v these_o lusoriae_fw-la or_o lesser_a vessel_n so_o in_o the_o sea_n they_o make_v use_v of_o pinnace_n the_o least_o whereof_o have_v single_a range_v of_o oar_n those_o that_o be_v a_o little_o big_a double_a range_v and_o those_o of_o a_o middle_a size_n or_o proportion_n have_v three_o or_o four_o and_o sometime_o five_o as_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o vegetius_n but_o now_o notwithstanding_o that_o those_o diligent_a inquirer_n into_o the_o defence_n and_o fortification_n of_o all_o sort_n belong_v to_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n be_v wont_a when_o they_o mention_v any_o navy_n of_o britain_n to_o speak_v slight_o or_o in_o term_n obscure_a enough_o this_o nevertheless_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v among_o the_o stand_a guard_n of_o the_o roman_n not_o only_o a_o particular_a fleet_n of_o pinnace_n or_o light_a vessel_n belong_v to_o britain_n wherewith_o they_o guard_v this_o sea_n whereof_o we_o speak_v as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o isle_n of_o great_a britain_n but_o also_o that_o they_o have_v not_o any_o other_o navy_n in_o the_o outer_a sea_n or_o any_o ship_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o seacoast_n of_o spain_n or_o france_n without_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n at_o least_o it_o be_v not_o where_o mention_v by_o
two_o different_a opinion_n some_o will_v have_v the_o shore_n of_o britain_n itself_o or_o that_o which_o be_v on_o this_o side_n the_o sea_n to_o be_v call_v only_o the_o saxon_a in_o the_o name_n of_o this_o dignity_n or_o command_n other_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v both_o the_o shore_n of_o britain_n and_o all_o that_o shore_n also_o which_o â—etche's_n a_o compass_n like_o a_o half_a moon_n from_o the_o western_a part_n of_o denmark_n as_o far_o as_o the_o west_n of_o france_n and_o lie_v over_o against_o britain_n but_o true_o they_o be_v both_o extreme_o mistake_v the_o author_n of_o the_o former_a opinion_n be_v guidus_fw-la 72._o pancirollus_fw-la who_o write_v that_o the_o shore_n or_o limit_v within_o the_o island_n be_v so_o denominate_v from_o those_o saxon_n who_o be_v call_v in_o hither_o by_o vortigern_n king_n of_o the_o south_n part_n of_o britain_n to_o his_o assistance_n the_o saxon_n say_v he_o possess_v part_n of_o the_o island_n from_o whence_o a_o limit_n or_o bound_v that_o be_v rear_v over_o against_o they_o by_o one_o that_o be_v make_v count_n be_v call_v saxon._n then_o which_o nothing_o can_v have_v be_v more_o ignorant_o speak_v if_o you_o reflect_v either_o upon_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o the_o course_n of_o time_n for_o omit_v this_o that_o in_o the_o breviarie_n of_o dignity_n itself_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v at_o all_o of_o a_o saxon_a bind_v or_o limit_v but_o of_o a_o shore_n notwithstanding_o that_o pancirollus_n in_o the_o inscription_n of_o his_o commentary_n entitle_n the_o commander_n that_o we_o speak_v of_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a limit_v throughout_o britain_n the_o breviarie_n be_v write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o theodosius_n the_o young_a or_o in_o the_o year_n ccccx_n as_o learned_a man_n do_v common_o agree_v that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o that_o time_n the_o frame_n of_o the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o empire_n both_o in_o the_o east_n and_o west_n have_v be_v overgrow_v long_o before_o be_v with_o very_o great_a diligence_n digest_v as_o it_o be_v into_o one_o entire_a book_n of_o office_n and_o dignity_n but_o the_o saxon_n as_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_n tell_v we_o come_v first_o into_o britain_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n ccccxlix_n but_o suppose_v what_o upon_o better_a consideration_n may_v perhaps_o be_v allow_v that_o their_o arrival_n ought_v to_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o 238._o year_n ccccxxviii_n that_o be_v in_o the_o xxi_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o theodosius_n the_o young_a yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o be_v most_o certain_a which_o be_v here_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v observe_v that_o britain_n be_v utter_o abandon_v by_o the_o roman_a governor_n before_o they_o be_v call_v in_o doubtless_o they_o be_v as_o britanniae_fw-la gildas_n write_v bring_v in_o by_o king_n vortigern_n to_o drive_v back_o the_o northern_a nation_n the_o pict_n and_o scot_n not_o the_o roman_n who_o have_v bid_v farewell_n to_o the_o island_n neither_o have_v though_o roman_n or_o their_o duke_n or_o count_n any_o thing_n at_o all_o to_o do_v within_o the_o isle_n with_o the_o saxon_n so_o that_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v gross_a ignorance_n in_o history_n and_o in_o the_o calculation_n of_o time_n to_o set_v down_o any_o saxon_a limit_v or_o saxon_n shore_n in_o the_o island_n itself_o whilst_o the_o roman_a empire_n flourish_v or_o have_v any_o kind_n of_o authority_n in_o this_o country_n nothing_o therefore_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o the_o shore_n lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n over_o against_o the_o south_n and_o eastern_a coast_n of_o britain_n as_o we_o describe_v it_o before_o be_v call_v the_o saxon_a in_o that_o dignity_n or_o command_n moreover_o also_o that_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n be_v far_o more_o ancient_a and_o know_v by_o a_o addition_n thereto_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_n or_o of_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o roman_a jurisdiction_n throughout_o britain_n or_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o british_a province_n for_o nectaridius_n be_v invest_v with_o this_o dignity_n in_o the_o time_n of_o valentinian_n the_o first_o or_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n ccclxx_o as_o be_v testify_v by_o 27._o ammianus_n marcellinus_n where_o he_o say_v information_n be_v give_v by_o a_o messenger_n that_o britain_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o extreme_a low_a condition_n by_o a_o barbarous_a conspiracy_n and_o that_o nectaridius_n count_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o buchobaudes_n the_o duke_n be_v surprise_v unaware_o by_o the_o craft_n of_o the_o enemy_n nor_o be_v any_o difference_n to_o be_v imagine_v between_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n in_o this_o since_o throughout_o britain_n and_o that_o which_o the_o forenamed_a c._n carausius_n receive_v at_o boulogne_n in_o france_n to_o scour_v the_o sea_n along_o the_o coast_n of_o rhine_n belgica_n and_o bretaigne_n which_o as_o eutropius_n and_o orosius_n say_v be_v infest_a by_o the_o french_a and_o saxon_n for_o that_o even_o he_o also_o have_v place_n of_o strength_n and_o mansion-house_n belong_v to_o his_o government_n in_o britain_n appear_v sufficient_o upon_o this_o ground_n that_o when_o maximianus_n have_v give_v order_n to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n he_o immediate_o usurp_v in_o britain_n and_o reign_v after_o for_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o year_n so_o the_o governor_n here_o or_o count_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n be_v ever_o account_v the_o same_o hold_v the_o sole_a government_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereto_o to_o who_o also_o we_o may_v add_v as_o differ_v only_o in_o name_n not_o real_o the_o perfect_a or_o admiral_n of_o the_o british_a navy_n under_o the_o roman_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n we_o confess_v indeed_o that_o the_o duke_n of_o belgica_n secunda_fw-la and_o the_o duke_n of_o the_o country_n of_o aremorica_n beforementioned_a be_v by_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o his_o place_n to_o afford_v supply_n for_o the_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o this_o shore_n beyond_o sea_n for_o they_o also_o as_o have_v be_v observe_v have_v garrison_n seat_v upon_o this_o saxon_a shore_n but_o it_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v observe_v here_o that_o these_o beyond-sea-dukes_n be_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o dignity_n or_o office_n to_o take_v care_n not_o so_o much_o of_o the_o shore_n or_o sea_n as_o the_o continent_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o as_o you_o see_v they_o take_v their_o name_n this_o from_o the_o tract_n of_o 6._o aremorica_n and_o eâ—reux_n ebroicae_n which_o be_v extend_v through_o five_o province_n aquitania_n prima_fw-la and_o secunda_fw-la senonia_n lugdunensis_n secunda_fw-la and_o tertia_fw-la which_o comprehend'_v the_o lesser_a britain_n and_o normandy_n contain_v almost_o all_o that_o which_o be_v common_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o gallia_n but_o the_o other_o have_v its_o name_n from_o belgica_n secunda_fw-la nor_o be_v there_o one_o count_n or_o duke_n of_o the_o midland_n country_n and_o another_o of_o the_o shore_n or_o sea-coast_n in_o gaul_n but_o in_o britain_n the_o count_n or_o duke_n of_o the_o midland_n part_n and_o the_o count_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n or_o saxon_a shore_n have_v distinct_a charge_n distinct_a force_n and_o the_o signal_n ornament_n of_o their_o office_n whole_o distinct_a just_o as_o if_o the_o roman_a emperor_n will_v have_v it_o signify_v by_o this_o very_a thing_n that_o as_o the_o sea_n it_o self_n do_v by_o particular_a right_n always_o belong_v unto_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o island_n so_o the_o sea-affair_n and_o their_o protection_n to_o the_o british_a command_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n or_o that_o beyond-sea_n but_o that_o both_o the_o duke_n of_o the_o continent_n or_o main_a land_n of_o gaul_n lie_v right_a before_o it_o be_v bind_v so_o to_o send_v relief_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v against_o the_o saxon_a invasion_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o sole_a care_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o a_o particular_a province_n give_v in_o charge_n lay_v upon_o he_o that_o be_v make_v count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n and_o if_o any_o duke_n or_o count_n either_o of_o aremorica_n or_o belgica_n secunda_fw-la be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o duke_n or_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n as_o 96._o some_o will_v have_v it_o be_v do_v doutless_a upon_o this_o ground_n because_o the_o saxon_a shore_n lie_v over_o against_o we_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v bind_v their_o land-government_n as_o it_o do_v also_o the_o sea-jurisdiction_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a count_n throughout_o britain_n nor_o indeed_o be_v that_o other_o opinion_n any_o more_o to_o be_v admit_v which_o say_v that_o our_o british_a shore_n be_v at_o that_o time_n call_v saxon_n
be_v make_v of_o the_o several_a jurisdiction_n of_o those_o count_n which_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o that_o eminent_a person_n entitle_v magister_fw-la militum_fw-la praesentalis_fw-la in_o the_o print_a copy_n of_o the_o breviarie_n we_o read_v it_o thus_o sub_fw-la dispositione_n viri_fw-la illustris_fw-la magistri_fw-la peditum_fw-la praesentalis_fw-la comites_fw-la militum_fw-la infrà -scriptorum_a italiae_n africa_n tingitaniae_n tractûs_fw-la argentoratensis_n britanniarum_n litoris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la per_fw-la britannias_fw-it in_o the_o edition_n both_o of_o alciatus_fw-la and_o pancirollus_fw-la it_o be_v read_v as_o we_o render_v it_o here_o militum_fw-la infrascriptorum_fw-la yet_o doubless_a the_o word_n limitum_fw-la limit_n ought_v to_o be_v put_v in_o stead_n of_o militum_fw-la soldier_n for_o it_o be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o imperial_a office_n that_o the_o word_n militum_fw-la shall_v be_v admit_v in_o that_o place_n and_o it_o appear_v most_o certain_a by_o those_o thing_n which_o follow_v that_o italy_n africa_n the_o tract_n of_o strasburgh_n britain_n and_o the_o saxon_a shore_n have_v their_o respective_a count_n as_o comites_fw-la limitum_fw-la count_n of_o the_o limit_n or_o bound_n no_o otherwise_o than_o those_o territory_n which_o be_v add_v there_o next_o after_o as_o mauritania_n caesariensis_n tripoli_n and_o other_o province_n in_o like_a manner_n beside_o britain_n which_o have_v their_o respective_a duke_n likewise_o by_o the_o name_n of_o deuce_n limitum_fw-la duke_n of_o the_o limit_n but_o now_o both_o the_o duke_n and_o count_n of_o britain_n have_v the_o very_a shore_n of_o the_o island_n for_o their_o limit_v or_o bind_v and_o therefore_o see_v it_o be_v so_o what_o limit_v have_v that_o count_n relation_n to_o be_v who_o entitle_v of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n if_o you_o will_v not_o yield_v that_o he_o take_v his_o title_n from_o the_o shore_n lie_v over_o against_o we_o there_o be_v a_o duke_n and_o a_o count_n of_o britain_n simple_o so_o call_v beside_o a_o vicarius_fw-la or_o deputy_n of_o britain_n who_o govern_v the_o whole_a island_n according_a to_o their_o several_a charge_n and_o we_o find_v in_o the_o breviarie_n that_o both_o the_o duke_n and_o the_o count_n and_o the_o deputy_n have_v for_o the_o signal_n ornament_n of_o their_o office_n the_o whole_a island_n but_o in_o several_a form_n encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n even_o as_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n have_v the_o isle_n in_o like_a manner_n encompass_v with_o sea-town_n or_o port_n also_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o those_o which_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o breviarie_n of_o dignity_n that_o the_o deputy_n duke_n and_o count_n of_o britain_n have_v the_o very_a territory_n of_o the_o isle_n for_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o government_n and_o so_o also_o that_o they_o extend_v themselves_o to_o the_o very_a shore_n every_o where_o throughout_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_n so_o that_o also_o both_o the_o duke_n and_o count_n of_o britain_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v entitle_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o the_o saxon_a shore_n as_o from_o a_o limit_v or_o bind_v if_o the_o shore_n of_o britain_n have_v be_v call_v by_o this_o name_n at_o that_o time_n for_o we_o plain_o see_v that_o the_o island_n of_o britain_n themselves_o so_o far_o as_o the_o isle_n about_o it_o be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o name_n be_v express_o describe_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o limit_n in_o that_o catalogue_n of_o dignity_n relate_v to_o limit_n which_o we_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o the_o breviarie_n therefore_o from_o hence_o also_o it_o appear_v that_o limit_v which_o be_v the_o saxon_a shore_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v without_o the_o island_n and_o so_o in_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o or_o which_o lie_v beyond_o sea_n according_a to_o that_o which_o we_o prove_v before_o in_o our_o discourse_n nor_o true_o be_v it_o to_o be_v pass_v over_o without_o observation_n see_v there_o be_v very_o many_o signal_n ornament_n of_o sea-province_n and_o jurisdiction_n as_o well_o as_o of_o those_o within_o land_n picture_v in_o the_o breviarie_n and_o this_o according_a to_o the_o form_n or_o fashion_v receive_v from_o those_o that_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n by_o the_o principal_a secretary_n or_o other_o who_o draw_v up_o the_o commission_n that_o not_o only_a no_o ornament_n at_o all_o be_v find_v in_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o west_n wherein_o there_o be_v any_o tract_n of_o the_o sea_n except_o those_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o government_n of_o jurisdiction_n of_o britain_n nor_o indeed_o in_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o east_n except_o the_o count_n of_o egypt_n and_o isauria_n both_o who_o ornament_n have_v a_o sea-border_n about_o they_o but_o also_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v ever_o place_v round_o about_o in_o the_o signal_n ornament_n belong_v to_o the_o four_o several_a government_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o britain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o of_o the_o deputy_n the_o duke_n the_o count_n and_o last_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n just_o as_o if_o the_o roman_n will_v have_v have_v it_o signify_v thereby_o that_o no_o other_o province_n at_o all_o nor_o any_o other_o jurisdiction_n whatsoëver_o have_v either_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o ample_o conjoin_v mingle_a and_o as_o it_o be_v incorporate_v within_o itself_o or_o a_o protection_n and_o command_n of_o a_o territory_n by_o sea_n some_o evidence_n concern_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o inseparable_a dominion_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereto_o out_o of_o claudian_n and_o certain_a coin_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n chap._n viii_o from_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n as_o be_v continual_o unite_v to_o the_o island_n or_o a_o inseparable_a concomitant_a thereof_o as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v you_o proceed_v as_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a those_o passage_n of_o claudian_n who_o seldom_o speak_v of_o the_o quiet_v recover_v or_o subdue_a of_o britain_n but_o he_o add'_v also_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o that_o which_o do_v necessary_o accompany_v it_o speak_v in_o honour_n of_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n touch_v the_o original_n of_o his_o family_n which_o be_v out_o of_o spain_n he_o say_v honorii_n cunabula_fw-la fovit_fw-la oceanus_n terrae_fw-la dominos_fw-la pelagique_fw-la futuros_fw-la immenso_fw-la decuit_fw-la rerum_fw-la de_fw-la principe_fw-la nasci_fw-la hinc_fw-la processit_fw-la avus_fw-la the_o ocean_n rock_v his_o cradle_n it_o become_v those_o who_o as_o lord_n both_o sea_n and_o land_n shall_v claim_v of_o nature_n mighty_a prince_n derive_v to_o be_v from_o hence_o thy_o grandsire_n have_v his_o pedigree_n that_o be_v to_o say_v theodosius_n who_o after_o that_o nectaridius_n count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n as_o be_v before_o relate_v and_o buchobaudes_n duke_n of_o the_o island_n be_v slay_v be_v send_v into_o britain_n by_o the_o emperor_n valentinian_n the_o first_o but_o that_o which_o claudian_n say_v concern_v the_o affair_n and_o action_n of_o this_o theodosius_n relate_n very_a little_a to_o the_o sea_n save_v that_o he_o call_v he_o conqueror_n of_o the_o british_a shore_n and_o add_v that_o have_v vanquish_v the_o saxon_n he_o wash_v the_o orcades_n with_o their_o blood_n which_o be_v plain_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o his_o scour_n the_o british_a sea_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v infest_a by_o the_o saxon_n a_o little_a after_o also_o concern_v theodosius_n the_o son_n of_o this_o man_n or_o the_o father_n of_o honorius_n that_o be_v the_o emperor_n theodosius_n the_o first_o he_o say_v sed_fw-la laudes_fw-la genitor_fw-la longè_fw-la transgressus_fw-la avitas_fw-la subdidit_fw-la oceanum_n sceptris_fw-la his_o father_n do_v his_o grandsir_n worth_n transcend_v and_o bring_v the_o ocean_n under_o his_o command_n which_o without_o question_n relate_n to_o the_o recovery_n of_o britain_n after_o the_o slaughter_n of_o maximus_n at_o aquileia_n who_o have_v tyrannical_o usurp_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o island_n the_o same_o author_n write_v also_o in_o commendation_n of_o flavius_n stilico_n tutor_n or_o guardian_n of_o honorius_n the_o young_a bring_v we_o in_o britain_n herself_o say_v stilico_n have_v so_o fortify_v and_o secure_v i_o 2._o ne_fw-la litore_fw-la toto_fw-la prospicerem_fw-la dubiis_fw-la venturum_fw-la saxona_n ventis_fw-la i_o can_v not_o see_v throughout_o the_o shore_n or_o stand_v one_o saxon_a ready_a to_o cross_v over_o and_o land_n that_o be_v to_o say_v he_o render_v the_o sea_n quiet_a and_o secure_a for_o i_o he_o have_v guard_v and_o keep_v it_o for_o i_o he_o have_v drive_v away_o the_o saxon_n from_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o another_o place_n also_o he_o bring_v we_o in_o the_o goddess_n piety_n speak_v to_o honorius_n 1._o quantum_fw-la te_fw-la principe_fw-la possim_fw-la non_fw-la longinqua_fw-la docent_fw-la domito_fw-la quòd_fw-la saxone_n tethys_n mitior_fw-la aut_fw-la fracto_fw-la secura_fw-la britannia_fw-la picto_fw-la what_o
of_o etc._n excester_n and_o in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o procure_v king_n letter_n common_o call_v in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n protection_n whereby_o privilege_n and_o exemption_n from_o all_o suit_n be_v grant_v to_o those_o that_o be_v employ_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o spend_v their_o time_n super_fw-la saluâ_fw-la custodiâ_fw-la &_o defension_n maris_n 1._o for_o the_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o form_n of_o the_o word_n have_v it_o which_o we_o frequent_o find_v in_o the_o archive_v moreover_o in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n common_o know_v and_o for_o which_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a to_o make_v as_o diligent_a provision_n as_o for_o the_o government_n of_o any_o province_n or_o country_n and_o in_o the_o 29._o twenty_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n the_o commons_o prefer_v a_o bill_n that_o a_o strong_a and_o well_o accomplish_a navy_n may_v be_v provide_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o it_o be_v think_v fit_n be_v all_o the_o commons_n of_o this_o land_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a the_o see_v be_v keep_v very_o many_o other_o passage_n there_o be_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n geoffrie_n chaucer_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o and_o be_v a_o man_n very_o know_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o country_n among_o other_o most_o elegant_a and_o lively_a character_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o man_n write_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n describe_n the_o humour_n of_o a_o english_a merchant_n of_o that_o time_n how_o that_o his_o desire_n above_o all_o thing_n be_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v well_o guard_v never_o leave_v destitute_a of_o such_o protection_n as_o may_v keep_v it_o safe_a and_o quiet_a which_o he_o speak_v to_o set_v out_o the_o whole_a generation_n of_o merchant_n in_o that_o age_n who_o custom_n it_o be_v to_o be_v solicitous_a for_o traffic_v above_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o about_o the_o sea_n itself_o which_o will_v not_o afford_v they_o safe_a voyage_n do_v not_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o sovereign_n thereof_o according_a to_o their_o right_n and_o custom_n provide_v for_o the_o security_n of_o this_o as_o a_o province_n under_o their_o protection_n the_o word_n of_o chaucer_n be_v these_o his_o reason_n speak_v he_o full_a solemn_o show_v always_o the_o encrea_n of_o his_o win_n he_o will_v the_o see_v be_v keep_v for_o any_o thing_n betwixe_v middleborough_n and_o orewel_n orewel_o be_v a_o haven_n upon_o the_o coast_n in_o suffolk_n middleborough_n be_v in_o zealand_n the_o whole_a sea_n that_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o zealand_n the_o english_a merchant_n will_v have_v secure_v this_o they_o be_v wont_v solemn_o and_o unanimous_o to_o pray_v for_o know_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o protection_n of_o they_o part_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o as_o concern_v any_o protection_n herein_o by_o any_o foreign_a prince_n any_o far_a than_o in_o their_o own_o harbour_n or_o at_o the_o most_o within_o the_o wind_a creek_n between_o those_o island_n which_o they_o possess_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n or_o gallia_n belgica_n there_o be_v nothing_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v to_o be_v gather_v from_o any_o testimony_n of_o former_a age_n in_o the_o succeed_a age_n likewise_o there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n defence_n and_o government_n of_o the_o same_o sea_n as_o will_v hereafter_o more_o full_o appear_v when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o tribute_n and_o of_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o commission_n give_v to_o our_o admiral_n but_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o both_o the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o guard_n be_v very_o well_o know_v not_o only_o by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n both_o in_o the_o 8._o imperial_a and_o canon_n feclesiae_fw-la law_n wherein_o it_o denote_v that_o the_o guardian_n ought_v to_o take_v a_o diligent_a care_n of_o that_o thing_n whereof_o he_o be_v owner_n who_o do_v either_o lend_v it_o or_o commit_v it_o to_o his_o oversight_n but_o also_o by_o the_o common_a and_o obvious_a use_n which_o the_o english_a make_v of_o the_o same_o word_n in_o other_o office_n or_o government_n for_o in_o those_o day_n of_o old_a when_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o usual_a there_o be_v appoint_v warden_n of_o the_o port_n even_o as_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v warden_n of_o the_o county_n who_o be_v those_o commander_n of_o county_n call_v sheriff_n and_o in_o the_o usual_a form_n and_o tenor_n of_o their_o writ_n have_v custodiam_fw-la comitatû_v the_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o county_n commit_v to_o their_o charge_n warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o march_n or_o border_n keeper_n of_o tower_n or_o castle_n park_n house_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o and_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o ireland_n be_v especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n joannis_n john_n and_o etc._n henry_n the_o three_o style_v usual_o warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o ireland_n and_o his_o office_n or_o dignity_n common_o call_v the_o keepership_n of_o ireland_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n and_z humphrey_z duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o henry_n the_o five_o during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o absence_n in_o france_n depute_v to_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o turn_n be_v call_v custodes_fw-la angliae_fw-la keeper_n of_o england_n as_o we_o very_o often_o find_v both_o in_o etc._n history_n and_o etc._n record_n so_o arthur_n prince_n of_o wales_n be_v make_v 1._o keeper_n of_o england_n while_o henry_n the_o seven_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o piers_n gaveston_n be_v keeper_n 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themselves_o which_o signify_v the_o same_o be_v these_o loâ—dinensâ—_n especialment_n à _fw-fr retenir_fw-fr &_o maintenir_fw-fr la_fw-fr sovereigneté_fw-fr qe_fw-fr ses_fw-fr ancestor_n roye_n d'engleterre_fw-fr soloyent_n avoir_fw-fr en_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mier_n d'engleterre_fw-fr quant_fw-fr à _fw-fr l'amendement_n declaration_n &_o interpretation_n des_fw-fr lois_fw-fr per_fw-la eux_fw-fr faits_fw-fr à _fw-fr governer_n toutes_fw-fr maneres_fw-la des_fw-fr gentz_n passanz_fw-fr per_fw-la la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mire_n especial_o to_o retain_v and_o maintain_v the_o sovereignty_n which_o his_o ancestor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a sea_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o amendment_n declaration_n and_o interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n by_o they_o make_v to_o govern_v all_o manner_n of_o nation_n pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n hereunto_o also_o belong_v that_o commission_n of_o king_n john_n whereby_o he_o require_v in_o very_o 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of_o any_o force_n at_o all_o to_o the_o contrary_a which_o either_o our_o countryman_n bracton_n the_o lawyer_n as_o have_v be_v say_v or_o some_o other_o of_o late_a as_o well_o as_o ancient_a time_n that_o be_v follower_n of_o he_o but_o in_o too_o careless_a a_o manner_n while_o they_o 4._o set_v down_o the_o institution_n of_o our_o english_a law_n have_v unadvised_o utter_v by_o the_o way_n touch_v that_o ancient_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o fish_v also_o in_o river_n according_a to_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n as_o if_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o community_n be_v admit_v in_o our_o law_n true_o that_o which_o they_o have_v so_o let_v slip_v be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v take_v as_o contrary_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o this_o particular_a for_o even_o bracton_n himself_o as_o i_o have_v show_v have_v divers_a other_o passage_n that_o signify_v this_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v for_o some_o of_o the_o relic_n of_o ulpian_n or_o of_o the_o school_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n too_o slight_o and_o careless_o add_v by_o the_o way_n in_o writing_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o 21._o one_o or_o two_o more_o of_o our_o writer_n who_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o reason_v receive_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o imperial_a law_n touch_v the_o middle_n of_o a_o river_n and_o a_o island_n rise_v therein_o do_v by_o the_o way_n but_o ignorant_o make_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o to_o be_v the_o bound_n of_o this_o sea-dominion_n of_o our_o king_n moreover_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v likewise_o of_o the_o londinens_fw-la commissioner_n of_o queen_n elisabeth_n who_o treat_v at_o bremen_n with_o the_o commissioner_n of_o christiern_n the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n about_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n through_o the_o northern_a sea_n object_n a_o perpetual_a community_n of_o every_o kind_n of_o
to_o neglect_v their_o profit_n and_o in_o another_o letter_n of_o the_o say_a ambassador_n from_o the_o hague_n to_o secretary_n naunton_n of_o the_o 14_o of_o januarie_n 1618._o he_o give_v we_o he_o to_o understand_v that_o have_v be_v expostulate_v with_o but_o in_o friendly_a manner_n by_o certain_a of_o the_o state_n about_o his_o late_a proposition_n as_o unseasonable_a and_o sharp_a they_o say_v they_o acknowledge_v their_o commissioner_n go_v beyond_o their_o limit_n in_o their_o term_n of_o immemorial_n possession_n and_o immuable_a droict_n de_fw-fr gens_n for_o which_o they_o have_v no_o order_n then_o say_v he_o i_o desire_v they_o to_o consider_v what_o a_o wrong_n it_o be_v to_o challenge_v that_o upon_o right_n which_o these_o province_n have_v hitherto_o enjoy_v either_o by_o connivance_n or_o courtesy_n and_o yet_o never_o without_o claim_n on_o his_o majesty_n be_v side_n etc._n etc._n in_o another_o letter_n of_o secretary_n naunton_n to_o the_o lord_n ambassador_n carlton_n of_o the_o â—1_n of_o januarie_n 1618._o we_o read_v thus_o as_o i_o have_v dictate_v thus_o far_o i_o receive_v direction_n from_o his_o majesty_n to_o signify_v to_o the_o state's-commissioner_n here_o that_o albeit_o their_o earnest_a entreaty_n and_o his_o gracious_a consideration_n of_o the_o present_a trouble_n of_o their_o church_n and_o state_n have_v move_v his_o majesty_n to_o consent_v to_o delay_v the_o treaty_n of_o the_o great_a fish_n till_o the_o time_n crave_v by_o the_o commissioner_n yet_o understand_v by_o new_a and_o fresh_a complaint_n of_o his_o mariner_n and_o fisher_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n that_o within_o these_o four_o or_o five_o last_o year_n the_o low_a countrie-fisher_n have_v take_v so_o great_a advantage_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v toleration_n that_o they_o have_v grow_v near_a and_o near_o upon_o his_o majesty_n be_v coast_n year_n by_o year_n than_o they_o do_v in_o precede_v time_n without_o leave_v any_o bound_n for_o the_o 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to_o fish_n within_o fourteen_o mile_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v coast_n this_o year_n or_o in_o any_o time_n hereafter_o until_o order_v be_v take_v by_o commissioner_n to_o be_v authorize_v on_o both_o side_n for_o a_o final_a settle_n of_o the_o main_a business_n his_o majesty_n have_v likewise_o direct_v i_o to_o command_v you_o from_o he_o to_o make_v the_o like_a declaration_n and_o instance_n to_o the_o state_n there_o and_o to_o certify_v his_o majesty_n of_o their_o answer_n with_o what_o convenient_a speed_n you_o may_v thus_o far_o secretary_n naunton_n to_o the_o ambassador_n now_o what_o effect_n the_o ambassador_n negotiation_n with_o the_o state_n have_v appear_v by_o a_o letter_n of_o he_o from_o the_o hague_n of_o the_o 6_o of_o february_n 1618._o to_o king_n james_n himself_o where_o among_o other_o passage_n he_o have_v this_o i_o find_v likewise_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v that_o treat_v by_o way_n of_o proposition_n here_o nothing_o can_v be_v expect_a 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contentment_n of_o their_o subject_n seek_v unto_o your_o majesty_n by_o these_o you_o may_v perceiv_v how_o earnest_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o england_n be_v assert_v and_o the_o old_a claim_n make_v and_o renew_v and_o a_o recognition_n make_v also_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o king_n by_o the_o netherlander_n themselves_o though_o all_o prove_v to_o no_o purpose_n the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n be_v afterward_o lull_v again_o into_o a_o connivance_n one_o way_n or_o other_o and_o it_o give_v we_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o suspect_v that_o the_o man_n in_o power_n at_o that_o time_n may_v be_v charm_v with_o money_n since_o it_o be_v a_o quaere_fw-la put_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n to_o the_o ambassador_n carlton_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o all_o the_o controversy_n whether_o the_o freedom_n of_o fish_v may_v not_o be_v redeem_v with_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n for_o turn_v over_o the_o paper_n of_o transaction_n of_o the_o time_n immediate_o follow_v i_o perceiv_v the_o 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our_o right_n at_o sea_n and_o give_v order_n for_o the_o set_n forth_o of_o a_o powerful_a fleet_n to_o check_v the_o audacious_a design_n and_o attempt_n of_o those_o ungrateful_a neighbour_n and_o the_o follow_a year_n in_o prosecution_n of_o his_o purpose_n he_o set_v forth_o this_o ensue_a proclamation_n entitle_v a_o proclamation_n for_o restraint_n of_o fish_v upon_o his_o majesty_n be_v sea_n and_o coast_n without_o licence_n whereas_o our_o father_n of_o bless_a memory_n king_n james_n do_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n set_v forth_o a_o proclamation_n touch_v fish_n whereby_o for_o the_o many_o important_a reason_n therein_o express_v all_o person_n of_o what_o nation_n or_o quality_n soever_o be_v not_o his_o natural_a bear_a subject_n be_v restrain_v from_o fish_v upon_o any_o the_o coast_n and_o sea_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a where_o most_o usual_o heretofore_o fish_v have_v be_v 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