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A28838 A discourse on the history of the whole world dedicated to His Royal Highness, the Dauphin, and explicating the continuance of religion with the changes of states and empires, from the creation till the reign of Charles the Great / written originally in French by James Benigne Bossuet ... ; faithfully Englished.; Discours sur l'histoire universelle. English Bossuet, Jacques BĂ©nigne, 1627-1704. 1686 (1686) Wing B3781; ESTC R19224 319,001 582

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the Father understood in that profound Sence which made him to be conceived from all Eternity the Father of a Son equal to himself and that the Name of his Son is the name of the Word the Word which he begot eternally in the Contemplation of himself which is the perfect expression of his Truth his Image his only Son being the brightness of his Glory Heb. 1.3 and the express Image of his Person With the Father and the Son we know also the Holy Ghost the Love of both and their eternal Union 'T was that Spirit which made the Prophets and which was in them to discover to them the Councils of God and the Secrets of Futurity the Spirit of whom it is written Isai 48.16 The Lord God and his Spirit hath sent me which is distinguished from the Lord and which is also the Lord himself since that he sent the Prophets and discovered to them things to come That Spirit which spake to the Prophets and which spake by the Prophets was united to the Father and the Son and interposed with them in the Consecration of the new Man Thus the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost one single God in three Persons shewn more darkly to our Fathers was clearly revealed in the new Covenant Being instructed in so high a Mystery and astonished at its incomprehensible Depth we cover our Faces before God with the Cherubims whom Isaiah saw and with them we adore him who is Holy holy holy the Lord of Hosts Isai 6.3 whose Glory is the fulness of the whole Earth It belonged to the only Son John 1.18 who was in the Bosom of his Father and who without ever coming from thence came down to us to him I say it belonged fully to discover to us those admirable Secrets of the Divine Nature which Moses and the Prophets had but lightly touched upon It belonged to him to make us understand how it was that the Messiah promised as a Man who was to save all men was at the same time shewn as God in the singular Number and absolutely after the same manner as the Creator himself was shewn to us and this is also that which he hath done in teaching us that though he was the Son of Abraham John 8.58 yet he was before ever Abraham was born and that he came down from Heaven and that he always is in Heaven Id. 3.13 that he was God the Son of God and yet he was Man the Son of Man the true Emanuel God with us in a word the Word made Flesh uniting in his Person Humane Nature with the Divine that so he might reconcile all things unto himself Thus are revealed to us the two great and principal Mysteries that of the Trinity and that of the Incarnation But he who hath revealed them to us makes us to find the Image thereof in our selves that so they might be always present to us and that we might acknowledge the Dignity of our Nature In short if we would impose Silence on our Senses and would for a little while look into our selves into the bottom of our Souls that is to say into that part where the truth comes to be understood we should find there some Image of the Trinity we adore The thought which we feel to spring up as the Bud of our Mind as the Son of our Understanding gives us some Idea of the Son of God eternally conceived in the mind of the heavenly Father Wherefore that Son of God assumes the name of Word to make us understand that he sprang up in the Bosome of the Father Greg. Naz. Orat 26. Aug. de Trin. 9.4 c. in Johan Evang Tr. 1. c. de Civ 11.26 27 28. not as Bodies do but as that inward Word arises in our Mind which we feel in it when we contemplate on the Truth But the fruitfulness of our Mind is not terminated on that inward Word that intellectual Thought that image of Truth which is formed in us We love both that inward Word and the Mind in which it arises and in that love we feel somewhat in us which we value as highly as our very mind and thought which is the Fruit of both which unites them an● is united to them and which makes up but one Life with us So far as there can be found any relation between God and Man so far I say is produced in God the eternal Love which comes from the Fat●er who thinks and from the Son who is his Thought to make up with him and his Thought one and the same nature equally happy and perfect In a word God is perfect and his Word the living Image of an infinite Truth is no less perfect than him and his Love which proceeding from the inexhaustible Fountain of Good hath all the fulness of it cannot but have an infinite Perfection And since that we have no other Idea of God but that of Perfection each of those three things considered apart deserves to be called God But beause those three things do necessarily agree with one and the same Nature those three things therefore make up but one God We ought then to have no unequal nor separate Conceptions of this Adorable Trinity and how incomprehensible soever the Equality be our Soul if we will but hearken to it will tell us something of it It is and when it knows perfectly what it is its Intelligence corresponds to the truth of its being Aug. loc citat And when it loves its being with its understanding as much as it deserves to be belov'd its Love equals the perfection of both Those three things are never divided the one is confined by other and the third by both We understand that we are and that we love and we love to be and to understand Who can deny it if he understand himself and not only is not one of those better than another but three altogether are not better than is one of them by it self since that each of them do bind the whole do conclude the whole and that in those three consists the Felicity and Dignity of the reasonable Nature Thus is the Trinity which we worship and to which we are consecrated by our Baptism thus I say and infinitely more is it perfect unseparable one in its Essence and in short equal in every sence But we our selves who are the Image of the Trinity we in another respect are also the Image of the Incarnation A Soul of a spiritual and incorruptible Nature hath a corruptible Body which is united to it Aug. Ep. 3. ad Volusc c. 3. de Civ 10.29 Cyr. Ep. ad Valerian p. 3. Con● Eph. c. Symb. Ath. c. And from the Union of them both results a Whole which is Man Mind and Body together incorruptible intelligent and purely brutish These Attributes agree with the whole by relation to each of its two parts So the divine Word whose Virtue sustains
young Emperor's Sister did believe she was capable of very great Affairs The Empire of Theodosius upheld it self by the prudence and piety of this Princess That of Honorius seemed to be near its last ruin He caused Stilicon to be put to death and then knew not where to fill the place with so great and able a Minister The Years of J. C. 409 Revolt of Constantine the absolute loss of Years of J. C. 410 Gallia and Spain the taking and sacking of Rome by the Arms of Allaricus and the Visigoths were the attendances upon Stilicon's death Ataulphus more furious than Alaricus pillaged Rome anew and resolved on nothing less than utterly abolishing the Roman name But for the happiness of the Empire he took Placidia the Sister of the Emperor Years of J. C. 413 The Goths treated with the Romans Years of J. C. 414 and settled themselves in Spain and reserved Years of J. C. 415 among the Gauls the Provinces which drew toward the Pyrenees Their King Vallia wisely managed those great designs Spain shewed her constancy and her Faith changed not under the domination of the Arians In the mean while the Burgundians a German People were got all about the Rhine from whe●● by degrees they gained that Country that still bears their Name The Franks did not forget themselves being resolved to Years of J. C. 420 make new efforts to open Gallia to them they raised Pharamond the Son of Marcomir to the Regality and the Monarchy of France being the most Antient and Noble of any in the World began under him The Years of J. C. 423 Unfortunate Honorius dyed without any Issue and left the Empire to it self without providing for it Theodosius named Emperor his Cousin Valentinian III. Son of Placidia and Constance her Second Husband and put him during his Minority under the Tutelage of his Mother to whom he gave the Title of Empress In those times Celestius and Years of J. C. 412 Pelagius denyed Original Sin and the Grace Years of J. C. 413 by which we are Christians And notwithstanding Years of J. C. 416 their dissimulations the Councils of Years of J. C. 417 Africa condemned them The Popes St. Innocentius and St. Zozimus whom Pope St. Celestin followed afterwards authorized the condemnation and extended it through all the Universe St. Austin confounded those dangerous Heretics and gave a Light to all the Church by his admirable Writings The same Father seconded by St. Prosper his Disciple stopt the mouths of the Demi-Pelagians who attributed the beginning of Justification and Faith to the peculiar power of Free-will An Age so unhappy to the Empire and wherein so many Heresies sprang up yet was not unhappy to Christianity No trouble shockt it no heresy corrupted it The Church fruitful in great men confounded all their Errors After the Persecutions God was pleased to make the Glory of his Martyrs to shine forth conspicuously all Histories and all Writings are full of the Miracles which their implored Succour and their honoured Tombs and Sepulchres wrought all the earth over Vigilantius who opposed and Years of J. C. 426 contradicted such received Opinions Hier. cont Vigil Gen. Deser Ecc. refuted by St. Jerom was alone without a Follower The Christian Faith gathered Strength and inlargement every day But the Western Empire could no longer hold out Being attacqued by so many Enemies it was also weakened by the Jealousies of its Generals Years of J. C. 427 By the Artifices of Aëtius Boniface the Count of Africa became suspected by Placidia The Count being ill-treated caused Genseric and the Vandals whom the Gauls had driven away to come out of Spain and repented his calling of them when it was too late Africa was taken from the Empire The Church suffered very great evils by the violence and cruelty of the Arians and saw a World of Years of J. C. 429 Martyrs crowned Two furious Heresies rose up Nestorius the Patriarch of Constantinople divided the Person of Jesus Christ and twenty years after Eutyches the Abbot confounded the two Natures of them St. Cyril the Patriarch Years of J. C. 430 of Alexandria opposed Nestorius who was condemned by Pope St. Celestin The third General Council of Ephesus in execution of this Sentence deposed Nestorius and confirmed Years of J. C. 430 the Decree of St. Celestin whom the Years of J. C. 431 Bishops of the Council called their Father in their definition Part. 2. Conc. Eph. act 1. Sent. Depos Nestor The holy Virgin was acknowledged for the Mother of God and the Doctrin of St. Cyril was celebrated throughout the earth Theodosius after some Embarassments submitted himself to the Council and banished Nestorius Eutyches who could not otherwise combat this Heresie than by running himself into another excess Years of J. C. 448 was as violently rejected Pope St. Leo the Great condemned him and wholely refuted him by a Letter which was greatly revered Years of J. C. 451 by all people The fourth General Council of Chalcedon where this Great Pope held the first place as well by his Learning as by the Authority of his See anathematized Eutyches and Dioscorus the Patriarch of Alexandria his Protector The Council's Letter to S. Leo shewed that that Pope presided there by his Legats as the head over its Members The Emperor Marcian was himself present at this great Assembly Relat. S. Syn. calc ad Leo. Conc. Part. 3. following the Example of Constantine and received the Decisions of it with the same Respect A little before Pulcheria had advanced him to the Empire by marrying him She was owned as Empress after the death of her Brother who left never a Son But it was necessary for the Empire to have a Master and the Vertue of Marcian procured him that Honour During the time of these two Councils Theodoret Bishop of Cyr made himself famous and his Doctrine was without spot if the violent Writings which he published against St. Cyrill had not too much needed Illustrations He gave them sincerely and was reckoned among the Orthodox Bishops The Gauls began to acknowledge the Francs Aëtius had defended them against Pharamond and against Clodion the Hairy But Meroveus was more happy and made there a more solid Establishment near about the same time as the English Saxons got the possession of Great Brittain They gave their Name to it and found there several Royalties In the mean time the Huns a People of Pannonia desolated all the World with an immense Army under the Conduct of Attila their King the most dreadful and terrible of all Men. Aëtius who got the better of him in Gallia could not prevent his ravaging of Italy The Isles of the Adriatick Sea served as a Retreat to Years of J. C. 452 several against his Fury Venice raised it self up out of the midst of the Waters Pope St. Leo who was more puissant than Aëtius and the Roman Armies made that barbarous King and Heathen to respect him and saved Rome