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nature_n person_n son_n subsist_v 4,589 5 11.9109 5 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A62670 An essay concerning obedience to the supreme powers, and the duty of subjects in all revolutions with some considerations touching the present juncture of affairs. Tindal, Matthew, 1653?-1733. 1694 (1694) Wing T1299; ESTC R5554 50,889 92

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can_v be_v supreme_a in_o civil_n because_o be_v unite_v by_o the_o legislative_a they_o can_v be_v enjoy_v apart_o in_o a_o mix_a government_n where_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o which_o be_v the_o only_a supreme_a power_n because_o it_o give_v law_n to_o all_o be_v divide_v part_n in_o the_o king_n and_o part_n in_o the_o people_n if_o either_o part_n invade_v the_o other_o right_n the_o usurp_a part_n may_v be_v just_o oppose_v because_o it_o invade_v what_o be_v the_o sovereign_n right_o of_o another_o none_o can_v have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n but_o who_o must_v have_v a_o right_a to_o defend_v that_o power_n because_o any_o other_o than_o a_o sovereign_n right_o to_o the_o legislative_a to_o which_o all_o be_v subject_a will_v be_v nonsense_n and_o whoever_o have_v the_o executive_a power_n if_o he_o have_v not_o a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a will_v be_v subject_a to_o it_o and_o he_o that_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n can_v have_v no_o more_o power_n than_o the_o legislative_a have_v give_v he_o and_o where_o the_o people_n have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a they_o have_v the_o same_o right_n to_o their_o privilege_n viz._n the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n as_o the_o king_n have_v to_o his_o prerogative_n because_o the_o consent_n of_o both_o be_v equal_o necessary_a to_o the_o alter_v the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o make_n of_o they_o in_o a_o mix_a government_n a_o king_n beyond_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o kingly_a power_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o right_a to_o obedience_n either_o active_a or_o passive_a that_o by_o assume_v such_o a_o unlimited_a power_n he_o lose_v all_o his_o legal_a power_n which_o consist_v in_o govern_v according_a to_o the_o law_n enact_v by_o the_o legislative_a and_o by_o it_o abdicate_v the_o government_n for_o he_o that_o cease_v to_o govern_v according_a to_o those_o law_n by_o govern_v arbitrary_o and_o contrary_a 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they_o be_v as_o christ_n speak_v of_o the_o sabbath_n make_v for_o man_n and_o not_o man_n for_o they_o but_o in_o thing_n design_v for_o the_o temporal_a interest_n of_o mankind_n the_o standard_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a be_v the_o public_a good_a and_o thing_n be_v command_v or_o forbid_v as_o they_o be_v either_o good_a or_o hurtful_a to_o mankind_n and_o what_o in_o some_o circumstance_n may_v be_v a_o duty_n in_o other_o if_o it_o prove_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o public_a good_a will_v be_v a_o sin_n and_o the_o contrary_a a_o duty_n and_o then_o act_v for_o the_o public_a good_a will_v not_o be_v do_v evil_a that_o good_a may_v come_v of_o it_o but_o by_o the_o circumstance_n alter_v the_o case_n it_o will_v cease_v to_o be_v evil._n the_o design_n end_n and_o intent_n of_o all_o god_n law_n be_v the_o worship_n or_o reverence_n that_o be_v due_a to_o the_o deity_n and_o the_o love_n that_o be_v due_a to_o man_n the_o love_n of_o god_n and_o one_o neighbour_n our_o saviour_n 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that_o great_a number_n shall_v lose_v their_o life_n and_o be_v expose_v to_o all_o manner_n of_o misery_n for_o so_o inconsiderable_a a_o trifle_n as_o the_o advance_v a_o single_a person_n to_o a_o post_n which_o be_v attend_v with_o as_o great_a care_n and_o trouble_n as_o honour_n and_o riches_n or_o that_o he_o shall_v prescribe_v about_o government_n which_o can_v have_v no_o other_o ground_n for_o its_o institution_n but_o the_o good_a of_o the_o society_n i_o say_v that_o he_o shall_v prescribe_v such_o rule_n as_o in_o most_o revolution_n must_v tend_v to_o their_o ruin_n and_o confusion_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n upon_o this_o foundation_n of_o the_o general_n good_a of_o society_n have_v certain_a rule_n and_o custom_n be_v observe_v by_o nation_n in_o their_o intercourse_n with_o one_o another_o which_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n without_o which_o no_o correspondence_n either_o in_o peace_n or_o war_n can_v be_v maintain_v which_o only_o by_o 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have_v the_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n or_o war_n and_o all_o other_o league_n for_o those_o nation_n they_o rule_v it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o material_a what_o right_o they_o have_v to_o this_o power_n it_o be_v sufficient_a the_o nation_n then_o own_v they_o for_o their_o sovereign_n and_o have_v entrust_v they_o with_o this_o power_n it_o will_v be_v a_o endless_a as_o well_o as_o useless_a task_n for_o ambassador_n before_o their_o admission_n to_o prove_v the_o just_a right_o their_o master_n have_v to_o those_o title_n and_o power_n they_o assume_v to_o themselves_o all_o treaty_n except_o they_o appear_v to_o be_v mere_o personal_a though_o make_v with_o usurper_n will_v oblige_v legal_a prince_n if_o they_o succeed_v and_o so_o vice_n versa_fw-la and_o a_o league_n make_v with_o a_o nation_n when_o under_o a_o king_n will_v oblige_v that_o nation_n provide_v they_o continue_v free_a though_o the_o government_n shall_v be_v change_v to_o a_o commonwealth_n because_o league_n be_v national_a and_o make_v with_o prince_n only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o nation_n they_o be_v representative_n of_o but_o when_o they_o lose_v this_o power_n and_o the_o nation_n be_v no_o long_o concern_v in_o their_o act_n they_o lose_v all_o manner_n of_o right_n that_o do_v belong_v to_o they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n because_o these_o privilege_n be_v as_o grotius_n call_v they_o bona_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o do_v belong_v to_o they_o only_o as_o they_o be_v the_o public_a person_n or_o representative_n of_o their_o respective_a nation_n which_o when_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v they_o have_v no_o more_o right_o to_o they_o than_o they_o have_v before_o they_o be_v these_o public_a person_n but_o because_o the_o same_o intercourse_n between_o nation_n will_v always_o be_v necessary_a which_o can_v be_v maintain_v but_o with_o those_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n and_o they_o that_o have_v that_o power_n must_v have_v a_o right_n to_o those_o privilege_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o nation_n they_o represent_v and_o the_o dispossess_v prince_n must_v with_o their_o kingdom_n lose_v their_o right_n to_o they_o because_o more_o than_o one_o at_o the_o same_o time_n can_v have_v the_o same_o right_n for_o the_o same_o nation_n and_o though_o some_o prince_n out_o of_o design_n or_o hatred_n to_o their_o enemy_n may_v allow_v out_v prince_n some_o of_o those_o privilege_n that_o belong_v only_o to_o those_o that_o have_v summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la yet_o they_o have_v no_o right_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o claim_v they_o but_o they_o as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o follow_v their_o break_a fortune_n can_v be_v esteem_v no_o other_o than_o subject_n during_o their_o stay_n to_o those_o king_n in_o who_o dominion_n they_o abide_v where_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n or_o war_n or_o any_o other_o national_a contract_v that_o they_o can_v without_o licence_n first_o obtain_v from_o those_o 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conclude_v that_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a obligation_n on_o they_o to_o return_v when_o command_v but_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n assign_v from_o nature_n why_o more_o allegiance_n shall_v be_v due_a to_o the_o governor_n of_o that_o country_n in_o which_o they_o be_v bear_v than_o to_o the_o governor_n of_o that_o country_n they_o afterward_o voluntary_o go_v into_o where_o for_o the_o protection_n they_o receive_v they_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o allegiance_n as_o they_o do_v when_o they_o be_v in_o their_o native_a country_n and_o if_o a_o foreign_a prince_n shall_v get_v the_o power_n of_o protect_v they_o in_o their_o native_a country_n they_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v he_o the_o same_o allegiance_n as_o they_o do_v when_o they_o be_v under_o his_o protection_n in_o another_o country_n because_o in_o each_o country_n the_o protection_n be_v the_o same_o though_o they_o that_o reside_v in_o a_o foreign_a society_n be_v equal_o subject_a with_o the_o native_n to_o the_o law_n of_o it_o and_o by_o oppose_v the_o government_n will_v be_v equal_o guilty_a of_o treason_n yet_o if_o during_o their_o stay_n any_o alteration_n happen_v in_o the_o government_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n they_o never_o scruple_n to_o pay_v allegiance_n to_o he_o that_o get_v possession_n of_o the_o government_n though_o his_o title_n be_v never_o so_o illegal_a i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o do_v the_o same_o in_o their_o first_o society_n since_o whatever_o society_n they_o be_v in_o during_o their_o stay_n they_o be_v equal_o oblige_v to_o obey_v the_o law_n of_o that_o society_n be_v not_o these_o reason_n as_o strong_a for_o pay_v allegiance_n to_o the_o present_a government_n can_v any_o man_n enjoy_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o society_n without_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o society_n or_o can_v any_o one_o be_v a_o member_n of_o a_o society_n without_o own_v the_o head_n of_o it_o or_o pay_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o or_o be_v there_o any_o other_o head_n that_o rule_v and_o govern_v the_o member_n but_o the_o present_a king_n be_v it_o not_o by_o his_o authority_n that_o the_o member_n of_o the_o society_n receive_v a_o universal_a protection_n as_o to_o their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n under_o who_o government_n they_o be_v or_o else_o they_o be_v under_o none_o but_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n or_o law_n to_o oblige_v people_n to_o remain_v in_o a_o state_n so_o inconsistent_a with_o their_o happiness_n and_o it_o will_v be_v injustice_n for_o any_o to_o remain_v in_o that_o state_n because_o they_o will_v be_v their_o own_o judge_n in_o all_o the_o dispute_v they_o have_v with_o other_o who_o be_v willing_a to_o refer_v their_o
magistrate_n who_o he_o call_v the_o ordinance_n of_o man_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o god_n by_o approve_v this_o human_a ordinance_n approve_v it_o as_o human_a and_o require_v obedience_n to_o it_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o man_n at_o first_o institute_v it_o and_o it_o be_v the_o power_n governor_n have_v to_o do_v good_a that_o make_v they_o to_o be_v not_o only_a god_n ordinance_n and_o god_n minister_n but_o even_o god_n for_o since_o they_o be_v not_o god_n by_o nature_n though_o by_o some_o people_n argue_v one_o will_v suppose_v they_o though_o they_o such_o or_o at_o least_o being_n in_o themselves_o superior_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n it_o must_v be_v for_o the_o protection_n they_o afford_v that_o they_o be_v term_v so_o who_o when_o they_o do_v no_o long_o protect_v the_o people_n cease_v to_o be_v a_o human_a ordinance_n and_o then_o too_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o divine_a one_o and_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o oblige_v people_n to_o submit_v to_o they_o when_o they_o act_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o society_n do_v as_o much_o oblige_v people_n to_o oppose_v they_o if_o they_o design_v to_o ruin_v and_o destroy_v they_o it_o can_v well_o be_v suppose_v that_o god_n who_o have_v oblige_v mankind_n to_o preserve_v their_o life_n and_o consequent_o to_o use_v the_o mean_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o that_o end_n shall_v require_v people_n to_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v destroy_v to_o gratify_v the_o lust_n or_o barbarity_n of_o a_o single_a person_n or_o a_o few_o who_o be_v by_o nature_n but_o their_o equal_n and_o only_o above_o they_o by_o be_v in_o a_o office_n which_o they_o erect_v only_o for_o their_o convenience_n obj._n st._n paul_n make_v no_o manner_n of_o exception_n but_o declare_v whosoever_o resist_v shall_v receive_v damnation_n ans._n the_o apostle_n require_v obedience_n to_o parent_n in_o all_o thing_n so_o he_o require_v obedience_n to_o master_n husband_n pastor_n without_o mention_v any_o exception_n so_o here_o the_o apostle_n which_o be_v sufficient_a for_o his_o purpose_n declare_v all_o people_n ought_v to_o obey_v the_o supreme_a power_n without_o mention_v this_o exception_n which_o from_o the_o nature_n end_n and_o design_n of_o government_n and_o even_o from_o those_o reason_n which_o he_o give_v for_o obedience_n do_v necessary_o flow_v it_o can_v be_v presume_v that_o christ_n give_v authority_n to_o his_o apostle_n to_o make_v slave_n of_o mankind_n by_o give_v the_o emperor_n a_o new_a power_n who_o before_o by_o no_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n have_v such_o a_o power_n over_o people_n life_n all_o the_o power_n the_o roman_a government_n have_v be_v immediate_o from_o the_o people_n who_o as_o it_o be_v plain_a in_o history_n by_o their_o mutual_a consent_n erect_v that_o commonwealth_n and_o what_o power_n the_o emperor_n have_v be_v give_v they_o too_o by_o the_o people_n who_o by_o the_o lex_fw-la regius_fw-la confer_v it_o upon_o they_o all_o that_o can_v be_v deduce_v from_o scripture_n be_v that_o obedience_n be_v due_a to_o those_o that_o protect_v the_o people_n and_o nothing_o can_v be_v plainet_n than_o those_o text_n which_o require_v it_o by_o which_o plain_a and_o ignorant_a people_n may_v know_v their_o duty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o learned_a and_o wise_a it_o will_v have_v be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n to_o have_v require_v obedience_n on_o the_o great_a penalty_n and_o yet_o leave_v it_o so_o uncertain_a as_o the_o jacobitish_a principle_n will_v render_v it_o to_o who_o obedience_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v what_o can_v be_v more_o uncertain_a than_o general_o title_n be_v and_o be_v there_o not_o innumerable_a intricate_a difficulty_n about_o long_a possession_n presume_v consent_n a_o just_a cause_n for_o a_o total_a conquest_n etc._n etc._n if_o about_o these_o point_n the_o learned_a do_v so_o extreme_o differ_v as_o any_o one_o may_v perceive_v that_o give_v himself_o the_o trouble_n to_o examine_v what_o author_n have_v write_v upon_o it_o who_o give_v good_a reason_n for_o destroy_v one_o another_o hypothesis_n but_o none_o for_o confirm_v their_o own_o but_o what_o be_v liable_a to_o equal_a exception_n what_o mean_n or_o possibility_n have_v almost_o all_o mankind_n the_o unlearned_a and_o common_a people_n of_o know_v their_o duty_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v though_o the_o common_a people_n shall_v be_v mistake_v invincible_a ignorance_n will_v excuse_v they_o ans._n not_o to_o dispute_v how_o far_o such_o ignorance_n will_v excuse_v they_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o infinite_a wisdom_n of_o god_n to_o give_v such_o rule_n as_o almost_o all_o mankind_n be_v utter_o uncapable_a of_o understanding_n or_o guide_v their_o action_n by_o but_o whoever_o consider_v these_o text_n of_o scripture_n will_v see_v the_o falseness_n of_o such_o impious_a reflection_n and_o must_v admire_v the_o goodness_n of_o god_n in_o lay_v down_o rule_n so_o plain_a that_o a_o well-meaning_a man_n can_v mistake_v they_o but_o if_o man_n will_v be_v wise_a than_o god_n himself_o and_o not_o be_v content_a with_o those_o law_n he_o prescribe_v they_o but_o will_v invent_v new_a rule_n and_o new_a way_n or_o by_o follow_v the_o tradition_n of_o the_o jewish_a priest_n will_v disturb_v the_o peace_n and_o quiet_a of_o human_a society_n by_o oppose_v the_o power_n that_o be_v if_o by_o so_o do_v they_o incur_v the_o severe_a punishment_n here_o as_o well_o as_o eternal_a torment_n hereafter_o with_o those_o damn_a ill-natured_a spirit_n the_o grand_a enemy_n of_o mankind_n who_o at_o first_o possess_v man_n with_o these_o maxim_n so_o pernicious_a to_o human_a society_n they_o must_v thank_v themselves_o and_o their_o too_o great_a subtlety_n the_o primitive_a christian_n all_o along_o comply_v with_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o whoever_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o it_o without_o exame_v his_o title_n pay_v he_o allegiance_n and_o think_v he_o invest_v with_o god_n authority_n and_o as_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n and_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n on_o one_o hand_n and_o the_o saracen_n turk_n and_o persian_n on_o the_o other_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n overturn_v the_o roman_a empire_n the_o christian_n be_v so_o far_o from_o dispute_v their_o title_n or_o refuse_v to_o transfer_v their_o allegiance_n to_o they_o that_o they_o never_o scruple_v to_o own_o their_o government_n if_o these_o pharisaical_a notion_n have_v then_o be_v believe_v or_o practise_v those_o nation_n will_v have_v extirpate_v all_o the_o professor_n of_o christianity_n as_o enemy_n to_o government_n and_o order_n instead_o of_o be_v convert_v to_o their_o religion_n as_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n be_v nor_o do_v the_o christian_n that_o now_o live_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o infidel_n vary_v from_o this_o primitive_a practice_n or_o scruple_n to_o transfer_v their_o allegiance_n to_o any_o that_o get_v possession_n of_o the_o sacred_a office_n of_o govern_v though_o the_o legal_a prince_n be_v still_o alive_a do_v not_o the_o jew_n though_o they_o be_v command_v by_o a_o divine_a law_n to_o take_v a_o king_n from_o among_o their_o brethren_n and_o god_n himself_o have_v entail_v the_o crown_n on_o the_o posterity_n of_o david_n practice_n the_o same_o as_o they_o fall_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o four_o great_a empire_n and_o do_v they_o not_o submit_v to_o alexander_n without_o endeavour_v to_o oppose_v he_o when_o darius_n to_o who_o they_o have_v swear_v obedience_n can_v no_o long_o protect_v they_o i_o shall_v add_v but_o one_o instance_n more_o and_o that_o shall_v be_v of_o david_n who_o think_v it_o not_o unlawful_a when_o saul_n design_v to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n to_o transfer_v his_o allegiance_n and_o fly_v to_o achish_a king_n of_o gath_n for_o protection_n who_o make_v he_o keeper_n of_o his_o head_n or_o captain_n of_o his_o guard_n and_o whilst_o he_o be_v under_o his_o protection_n he_o think_v it_o his_o duty_n to_o pay_v all_o manner_n of_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o though_o contrary_a to_o his_o interest_n and_o the_o hope_n he_o have_v of_o be_v king_n after_o saul_n death_n even_o to_o join_v with_o the_o uncircumcised_a to_o invade_v his_o own_o country_n and_o to_o sight_n against_o the_o lord_n be_v anoint_v his_o late_a king_n and_o father-in-law_n and_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o 1_o sam._n 29._o 8._o be_v much_o grieve_v and_o humble_o expostulate_v with_o the_o king_n for_o not_o permit_v he_o to_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o battle_n but_o what_o have_v i_o do_v or_o what_o have_v thou_o find_v in_o thy_o servant_n so_o long_o as_o i_o have_v be_v with_o thou_o until_o this_o day_n that_o i_o may_v not_o go_v and_o fight_v against_o the_o enemy_n of_o my_o lord_n the_o king_n saul_n by_o design_v to_o destroy_v david_n have_v