the_o virtuous_a and_o punishment_n to_o the_o vicious_a proportion_v to_o their_o act_n which_o be_v now_o almost_o whole_o devolve_v upon_o public_a authority_n little_a remain_v but_o encouragement_n and_o praise_n to_o the_o virtuous_a and_o discouragement_n and_o discountenance_n to_o the_o vicious_a commutative_a justice_n be_v the_o inclination_n to_o give_v every_o man_n his_o right_n and_o though_o the_o name_n be_v take_v from_o the_o interchange_n of_o private_a right_n yet_o it_o reach_v to_o all_o prestation_n which_o be_v not_o by_o way_n of_o reward_n or_o punishment_n there_o be_v nothing_o here_o propose_v but_o the_o private_a right_n of_o man_n it_o be_v only_o requisite_a to_o consider_v the_o law_n by_o which_o private_a right_n be_v constitute_v convey_v or_o destitute_a and_o these_o be_v either_o divine_a or_o humane_a 3._o divine_a law_n be_v that_o main_o which_o be_v write_v in_o man_n heart_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o apostle_n for_o when_o the_o gentile_n who_o have_v not_o the_o law_n to_o wit_n write_v in_o the_o word_n do_v by_o nature_n the_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o law_n these_o be_v a_o law_n unto_o themselves_o which_o show_v the_o work_n of_o the_o law_n write_v in_o their_o heart_n their_o conscience_n also_o bear_v they_o witness_n and_o their_o thought_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n accuse_v or_o excuse_v one_o another_o this_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o it_o be_v know_v natural_o either_o immediate_o like_v unto_o these_o instinct_n which_o be_v in_o the_o other_o creature_n whereby_o they_o know_v what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n so_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o this_o natural_a law_n be_v know_v to_o man_n without_o reason_v or_o experience_n without_o art_n industry_n or_o education_n and_o so_o be_v know_v to_o man_n every_o where_o through_o the_o world_n though_o they_o keep_v no_o communion_n nor_o intercourse_n together_o which_o be_v a_o unanswerable_a demonstration_n of_o the_o be_v of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v write_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n because_o law_n use_v to_o be_v write_v on_o pillar_n or_o table_n for_o certainty_n or_o conservation_n so_o this_o law_n be_v write_v by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n upon_o man_n heart_n there_o to_o remain_v for_o ever_o such_o be_v the_o common_a practical_a principle_n that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v obey_v parent_n honour_v ourselves_o defend_v violence_n repulse_v child_n to_o be_v love_v educate_v and_o provide_v for_o 4._o with_o these_o common_a principle_n with_o which_o god_n have_v send_v man_n into_o the_o world_n he_o give_v they_o also_o reason_n that_o thence_o they_o may_v by_o consequence_n deduce_v his_o law_n in_o more_o particular_a case_n and_o this_o part_n of_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v call_v the_o light_n or_o law_n of_o reason_n it_o be_v call_v by_o solomon_n the_o candle_n of_o the_o lord_n search_v the_o inward_a part_n proverb_n 20._o verse_n 27._o 5._o this_o law_n be_v also_o call_v conscience_n which_o be_v say_v in_o the_o forecited_a place_n to_o bear_v witness_n and_o thereby_o our_o thought_n do_v either_o accuse_v or_o excuse_v one_o another_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n or_o testimony_n we_o have_v of_o our_o own_o thought_n as_o good_a or_o evil_n consonant_a to_o or_o dissonant_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n shine_v in_o the_o heart_n this_o natural_a law_n as_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o these_o principle_n the_o near_a it_o be_v thereto_o it_o be_v the_o clear_a and_o by_o the_o more_o immediate_a consequence_n it_o be_v derive_v it_o be_v the_o sure_a for_o as_o the_o body_n in_o its_o progressive_a motion_n from_o one_o step_n to_o another_o walk_v sure_a by_o the_o short_a step_n so_o do_v the_o mind_n in_o deduce_v this_o divine_a law_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o this_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o equal_o evident_a to_o all_o man_n but_o the_o more_o of_o reason_n they_o have_v the_o more_o clearness_n they_o have_v of_o it_o which_o have_v make_v man_n of_o reason_n especial_o these_o who_o have_v exercise_v themselves_o in_o the_o inquiry_n of_o right_n to_o be_v have_v in_o high_a esteem_n and_o admiration_n among_o man_n who_o though_o their_o invention_n be_v not_o so_o eminent_a yet_o their_o judgement_n close_v and_o go_v along_o with_o that_o as_o have_v a_o native_a obligation_n in_o it_o and_o so_o many_o time_n these_o responsa_fw-la prudentium_fw-la have_v be_v receive_v with_o as_o much_o authority_n and_o more_o heartiness_n for_o law_n than_o the_o dictate_v of_o sovereign_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n pro_fw-la milone_n do_v excellent_o set_v forth_o and_o distinguish_v this_o natural_a law_n from_o positive_a law_n for_o say_v he_o hac_fw-la non_fw-la scripta_fw-la sed_fw-la nata_fw-la lex_fw-la quam_fw-la non_fw-la didicimus_fw-la accepimus_fw-la legimus_fw-la verum_fw-la ex_fw-la natura_fw-la ipsa_fw-la arripuimus_fw-la hausimus_fw-la expressimus_fw-la ad_fw-la quam_fw-la non_fw-la docti_fw-la sed_fw-la facti_fw-la non_fw-la instituti_fw-la sed_fw-la imbuti_fw-la sumus_fw-la ut_fw-la si_fw-la vita_fw-la nostra_fw-la in_o aliquas_fw-la insidias_fw-la si_fw-la in_o vim_o aut_fw-la in_o tela_fw-la aut_fw-la inimicorum_fw-la aut_fw-la latronum_fw-la inciderit_fw-la omnis_fw-la honesta_fw-la ratio_fw-la esset_fw-la expediendae_fw-la salutis_fw-la 6._o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v also_o call_v equity_n from_o that_o equality_n it_o keep_v in_o all_o person_n and_o be_v not_o frame_v or_o fit_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o any_o as_o many_o law_n of_o man_n choice_n be_v from_o the_o rigour_n whereof_o recourse_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v to_o this_o natural_a equity_n for_o though_o man_n law_n may_v be_v profitable_a and_o ne_o cessar_n for_o the_o most_o part_n yet_o be_v the_o invention_n of_o frail_a man_n there_o occur_v many_o casus_fw-la incogitati_fw-la wherein_o they_o serve_v not_o but_o equity_n take_v place_n and_o the_o limitation_n and_o fallancy_n extension_n and_o ampliation_n of_o humane_a law_n be_v bring_v from_o equity_n though_o equity_n be_v take_v some_o time_n for_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o humane_a law_n yet_o it_o do_v true_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o possible_o give_v remeid_v to_o the_o rigour_n and_o extremity_n of_o positive_a law_n in_o all_o case_n 7._o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v also_o term_v the_o moral_a law_n be_v the_o absolute_a and_o adequat_fw-la rule_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n for_o all_o time_n place_n and_o person_n and_o this_o denomination_n it_o have_v common_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o judicial_a and_o ceremonial_a law_n the_o roman_a law_n do_v sometime_o take_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o a_o most_o strict_a sense_n as_o it_o exclude_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o as_o it_o be_v found_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n in_o so_o far_o as_o be_v common_a with_o other_o animal_n and_o therefore_o they_o define_v it_o to_o be_v quod_fw-la natura_fw-la omne_fw-la animalia_fw-la docuit_fw-la as_o the_o conjunction_n of_o male_a and_o female_a or_o marriage_n the_o procreation_n or_o education_n of_o child_n etc._n etc._n but_o even_o in_o that_o law_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v extend_v and_o distinguish_v into_o the_o original_a and_o primitive_a law_n and_o that_o which_o be_v derive_v thence_o such_o as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o there_o be_v more_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n found_v in_o the_o rational_a nature_n of_o man_n as_o he_o be_v a_o rational_a and_o sociable_a creature_n and_o even_o that_o which_o appear_v to_o be_v in_o the_o sensitive_a nature_n be_v true_o found_v in_o the_o rational_a nature_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o proper_o communicable_a unto_o the_o beast_n who_o have_v no_o law_n but_o their_o natural_a instinct_n have_v only_o some_o resemblance_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v impress_v in_o our_o heart_n so_o in_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n it_o be_v express_v in_o his_o word_n wherein_o he_o have_v not_o only_o hold_v forth_o these_o sacred_a mystery_n which_o can_v only_o be_v know_v by_o revelation_n as_o have_v no_o principle_n in_o nature_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v deducible_a but_o also_o because_o through_o sin_n and_o evil_a custom_n the_o natural_a law_n in_o man_n heart_n be_v much_o deface_v disorder_a and_o erroneous_o deduce_v he_o have_v therefore_o reprint_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o a_o viver_n character_n in_o the_o scripture_n not_o only_o have_v the_o moral_a principle_n but_o many_o conclusion_n thence_o flow_v particular_o set_v forth_o this_o analogy_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n even_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o heathen_n and_o as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o law_n of_o god_n evidence_v sufficient_o that_o both_o of_o they_o proceed_v
from_o the_o same_o omniscient_a author_n 8._o beside_o this_o natural_a necessary_a and_o perpetual_a law_n god_n have_v also_o give_v to_o man_n voluntar_n and_o positive_a law_n which_o though_o not_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o man_n yet_o in_o themselves_o be_v mutable_a and_o as_o they_o have_v a_o beginning_n so_o some_o of_o they_o have_v and_o other_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v a_o end_n when_o the_o occasion_n exigence_n and_o utility_n for_o which_o they_o be_v constitute_v shall_v cease_v such_o be_v the_o ceremonial_a law_n which_o contain_v a_o figurative_a and_o typical_a administration_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n shadow_v forth_o christ_n and_o his_o propitiatory_a sacrifice_n of_o himself_o now_o when_o the_o sun_n of_o righteousness_n have_v arisen_a these_o shadow_n have_v fly_v away_o and_o be_v in_o the_o scripture_n repeal_v in_o lieu_n whereof_o be_v the_o outward_a order_n of_o the_o worship_n and_o government_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n and_o the_o law_n of_o god_n relate_v thereto_o though_o we_o be_v to_o expect_v no_o change_n of_o they_o while_o time_n be_v and_o be_v as_o bind_v to_o all_o to_o who_o their_o line_n be_v go_v as_o the_o natural_a law_n yet_o be_v they_o no_o part_n of_o it_o for_o they_o be_v not_o write_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n nor_o deducible_a by_o reason_n from_o any_o such_o principle_n such_o be_v the_o sabbath_n on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o week_n the_o particular_a office_n in_o the_o church_n their_o authority_n and_o maintenance_n for_o though_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v teach_v that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v acknowledge_v and_o adore_v yet_o the_o impower_a of_o some_o certain_a person_n to_o be_v leader_n in_o the_o public_a adoration_n and_o the_o fix_a time_n thereof_o either_o as_o it_o be_v under_o the_o law_n or_o as_o it_o be_v under_o the_o gospel_n can_v be_v reach_v thence_o but_o have_v its_o beginning_n and_o have_v be_v alter_v some_o also_o do_v account_n marriage_n and_o the_o degree_n forbid_v in_o levit._n to_o be_v a_o positive_a law_n of_o god_n though_o they_o acknowledge_v it_o not_o only_o to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o jew_n but_o to_o all_o man_n yet_o the_o natural_a and_o universal_a aversion_n of_o marriage_n in_o these_o degree_n and_o abhorrence_n of_o that_o brutish_a commixtion_n without_o discretion_n of_o degree_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o nation_n who_o corrupt_a custom_n have_v not_o so_o far_o deprave_v as_o to_o forget_v not_o only_o this_o but_o most_o of_o the_o uncontroverted_a law_n of_o nature_n do_v sufficient_o evince_v the_o contrair_a for_o if_o parent_n and_o posterity_n be_v all_o account_v as_o one_o degree_n there_o be_v nothing_o prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n but_o the_o very_a next_o degree_n of_o these_o who_o be_v in_o the_o place_n of_o parent_n as_o uncle_n and_o aunt_n or_o in_o the_o place_n of_o child_n as_o nephew_n neices_n or_o brethren_n and_o sister_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o prohibition_n of_o commixtion_n of_o ascendant_n and_o descendants_n be_v pure_o natural_a 9_o the_o prime_a positive_a law_n of_o god_n be_v the_o judicial_a law_n which_o god_n by_o the_o ministry_n of_o moses_n prescribe_v to_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n wherein_o the_o lord_n be_v please_v to_o be_v the_o particular_a lawgiver_n and_o judge_n of_o that_o people_n who_o he_o have_v choose_v from_o among_o all_o nation_n for_o a_o peculiar_a people_n to_o himself_o and_o to_o who_o inclination_n it_o be_v befit_v there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o who_o esteem_v the_o judicial_a law_n obliege_v to_o all_o nation_n main_o because_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v in_o the_o gospel_n to_o be_v abolish_v as_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n be_v and_o because_o of_o its_o excellency_n beyond_o the_o law_n of_o heathen_n or_o other_o man_n who_o may_v not_o only_o err_v in_o expediency_n render_v their_o law_n unprofitable_a but_o also_o may_v make_v they_o unjust_a and_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o immutable_a moral_a law_n of_o nature_n which_o reason_n do_v sufficient_o infer_v that_o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o humane_a law_n chief_a respect_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o judicial_a law_n of_o god_n and_o they_o assume_v where_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o people_n and_o their_o condition_n do_v not_o render_v they_o inconvenient_a but_o that_o these_o law_n be_v accommodate_v unto_o their_o proper_a temper_n be_v evident_a in_o the_o law_n concern_v the_o bill_n of_o divorcement_n which_o bear_v to_o be_v permit_v for_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o heart_n which_o be_v natural_a and_o peculiar_a to_o they_o of_o jealousy_n and_o bitterness_n against_o their_o wife_n therefore_o the_o lord_n not_o only_o appoint_v trial_n neither_o natural_a necessary_a nor_o accustom_v elsewhere_o by_o those_o token_n of_o virginity_n for_o evidence_v the_o wife_n faithfulness_n in_o not_o give_v a_o pollute_a woman_n for_o a_o chaste_a but_o also_o the_o extraordinar_n and_o miraculous_a trial_n by_o the_o water_n of_o jealousy_n and_o therefore_o christ_n do_v express_o abrogate_v that_o law_n and_o show_v we_o that_o moses_n do_v not_o command_v to_o divorce_n but_o for_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o heart_n only_o permit_v it_o and_o do_v command_v that_o when_o the_o husband_n will_v put_v away_o his_o wife_n he_o shall_v give_v she_o a_o bill_n of_o divorce_n but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o judicial_a law_n be_v in_o itself_o a_o law_n to_o all_o nation_n or_o that_o the_o lord_n purpose_v it_o so_o to_o be_v but_o on_o the_o contrar_n it_o appear_v that_o his_o purpose_n be_v only_o to_o deliver_v it_o for_o a_o peculiar_a law_n to_o israel_n when_o he_o say_v what_o nation_n be_v so_o great_a that_o have_v statute_n and_o judgement_n sorighteous_a as_o be_v all_o this_o law_n which_o i_o set_v before_o you_o this_o day_n deut._n 4._o vers_fw-la 8._o and_o again_o he_o show_v his_o word_n unto_o jacob_n his_o statute_n and_o judgement_n to_o israel_n he_o have_v not_o deal_v so_o with_o every_o nation_n and_o as_o for_o his_o judgement_n they_o have_v not_o know_v they_o psal._n 147._o vers_fw-la 19_o and_o therefore_o the_o same_o law_n be_v not_o to_o israelite_n and_o to_o stranger_n even_o to_o proselyte_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o usury_n and_o bondage_n which_o be_v allow_v as_o to_o stranger_n but_o the_o former_a simple_o forbid_v and_o the_o latter_a limit_v as_o to_o israelit_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o necessity_n of_o a_o abolition_n express_v of_o this_o law_n in_o the_o gospel_n see_v it_o be_v not_o give_v to_o all_o nation_n and_o it_o do_v yet_o bind_v the_o jew_n so_o far_o as_o it_o do_v not_o build_v upon_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n and_o therefore_o that_o part_n of_o the_o judicial_a law_n which_o be_v found_v upon_o or_o conducible_a to_o the_o moral_a law_n may_v be_v well_o receive_v by_o other_o nation_n to_o who_o inclination_n the_o same_o expediency_n will_v agree_v as_o most_o of_o the_o criminal_a law_n be_v and_o though_o they_o can_v suit_v with_o the_o frame_n and_o current_n of_o the_o law_n already_o establish_v yet_o will_v they_o be_v far_o from_o make_v up_o a_o law_n to_o rule_v any_o nation_n now_o after_o man_n pravity_n have_v so_o much_o increase_v vice_n and_o deceit_n that_o which_o be_v sufficient_a in_o the_o simplicity_n of_o these_o time_n will_v come_v far_o short_a 10._o humane_a law_n be_v that_o which_o for_o utility_n sake_n be_v introduce_v by_o man_n which_o be_v either_o by_o tacit_n consent_n by_o consuetude_n or_o custom_n or_o by_o express_a will_n or_o command_n of_o these_o in_o authority_n have_v the_o legislative_a power_n and_o these_o be_v ofttimes_o write_v though_o sometime_o also_o they_o be_v not_o write_v as_o be_v lycurgus_n law_n which_o not_o only_o be_v not_o write_v but_o a_o law_n against_o it_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v write_v hence_o be_v the_o distinction_n of_o law_n in_o write_v and_o unwritten_a because_o of_o their_o original_a for_o ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la custom_n or_o other_o unwritten_a law_n may_v be_v write_v by_o private_a person_n but_o they_o be_v not_o at_o first_o write_v by_o the_o law_n giver_n it_o be_v true_a the_o law_n be_v sometime_o strict_o take_v in_o opposition_n to_o custom_n as_o it_o comprehend_v equity_n or_o the_o natural_a law_n and_o the_o edict_n and_o statute_n of_o nation_n and_o their_o law_n giver_n and_o sometime_o more_o strict_o as_o in_o the_o vulgar_a distinction_n of_o law_n statute_n and_o custom_n in_o which_o law_n signify_v equity_n or_o the_o common_a law_n as_o statute_n and_o custom_n do_v the_o peculiar_a recent_a law_n of_o several_a nation_n and_o though_o that_o be_v only_o the_o law_n of_o man_n which_o be_v voluntar_n and_o positive_a constitute_v by_o
man_n yet_o equity_n and_o the_o natural_a law_n in_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v allow_v declare_v and_o make_v effectual_a by_o man_n be_v in_o so_o far_o account_v among_o the_o law_n of_o man_n the_o law_n of_o man_n be_v either_o common_a to_o many_o nation_n or_o proper_a to_o one_o nation_n or_o peculiar_a to_o some_o place_n or_o incorporation_n in_o the_o same_o nation_n as_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n in_o the_o roman_a republic_n and_o such_o be_v still_o in_o most_o nation_n not_o only_o in_o matter_n of_o lesser_a moment_n but_o in_o the_o high_a matter_n of_o private_a right_n as_o in_o succession_n which_o be_v diversify_v in_o many_o province_n in_o france_n germany_n and_o the_o netherlands_o and_o england_n as_o may_v be_v instance_a in_o the_o gavil_n kind_n of_o kent_n the_o law_n common_a to_o many_o nation_n be_v that_o which_o be_v common_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o stand_v in_o the_o custom_n own_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o or_o at_o least_o the_o most_o civil_a nation_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o equity_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n though_o in_o part_n also_o there_o be_v positive_a law_n introduce_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o nation_n and_o which_o do_v no_o less_o oblige_v these_o nation_n as_o import_v their_o obligatory_a consent_n then_o do_v the_o custom_n of_o particular_a nation_n and_o incorporation_n such_o be_v the_o law_n of_o captivity_n and_o bondage_n of_o these_o take_v in_o war_n the_o safety_n of_o ambassador_n though_o more_o guilty_a of_o the_o common_a quarrel_n than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n from_o who_o they_o be_v send_v yet_o for_o common_a utility_n sake_n while_o they_o act_v in_o and_o conform_v to_o that_o capacity_n they_o be_v safe_a otherways_o there_o can_v be_v no_o commerce_n orderly_a indiction_n of_o war_n or_o pacification_n and_o therefore_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o barbarous_a nation_n who_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v this_o law_n do_v send_v their_o ambassador_n to_o their_o border_n and_o there_o do_v require_v reparation_n and_o denunce_v war_n because_o they_o can_v safe_o go_v no_o further_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n though_o slavery_n be_v against_o the_o natural_a law_n of_o liberty_n yet_o it_o be_v receive_v for_o conveniency_n by_o the_o nation_n be_v more_o willing_a to_o lose_v liberty_n than_o life_n such_o also_o be_v the_o law_n of_o hospitality_n or_o the_o mutual_a trust_n betwixt_o the_o host_n and_o the_o guest_n who_o he_o have_v willing_o receive_v in_o his_o house_n whereby_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v act_v any_o thing_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o life_n or_o liberty_n of_o the_o other_o while_o in_o that_o relation_n though_o otherwise_o they_o have_v just_a reason_n and_o may_v do_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o do_v of_o it_o then_o be_v a_o violate_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o equity_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n which_o stand_v as_o the_o common_a rule_n among_o man_n appoint_v of_o god_n by_o which_o they_o may_v know_v and_o crave_v each_o from_o other_o their_o right_n and_o in_o case_n of_o refusal_n may_v vindicate_v the_o same_o by_o force_n wherein_o they_o be_v still_o regulate_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n keep_v a_o just_a proportion_n betwixt_o the_o wrong_n and_o reparation_n though_o take_v by_o force_n and_o not_o like_o draco_n who_o make_v the_o punishment_n of_o all_o his_o law_n death_n and_o therefore_o be_v say_v to_o be_v write_v in_o blood_n so_o by_o make_v the_o issue_n of_o every_o quarrel_n to_o be_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o debel_v and_o the_o swallow_v up_o of_o all_o their_o right_n as_o if_o they_o have_v pactioned_a to_o put_v they_o all_o upon_o the_o issue_n of_o that_o war_n whereas_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o question_n by_o either_o party_n but_o the_o strive_n for_o reparation_n of_o that_o injury_n which_o the_o one_o ow_v and_o the_o other_o deny_v to_o acknowledge_v as_o a_o injury_n or_o refuse_v reparation_n thereof_o this_o law_n be_v chief_o understand_v when_o the_o common_a law_n be_v name_v among_o we_o though_o the_o english_a so_o name_v the_o common_a current_n of_o their_o civil_a law_n as_o opposite_a to_o statute_n and_o their_o late_a custom_n which_o be_v sometime_o so_o take_v with_o we_o and_o ofttimes_o by_o the_o common_a law_n we_o understand_v the_o roman_a law_n which_o in_o some_o sort_n be_v common_a to_o many_o nation_n 11._o the_o law_n of_o each_o society_n of_o people_n under_o the_o same_o sovereign_a authority_n be_v call_v the_o civil_a law_n or_o the_o law_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n though_o that_o now_o be_v appropriate_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n or_o 〈◊〉_d as_o the_o most_o excellent_a and_o because_o of_o that_o assinity_n that_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n have_v with_o it_o as_o have_v also_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o chief_a nation_n to_o which_o the_o victorious_a arm_n of_o the_o roman_n do_v propagat_v it_o and_o its_o own_o worth_n even_o after_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o have_v so_o commend_v it_o that_o though_o it_o be_v not_o acknowledge_v as_o a_o law_n bind_v for_o its_o authority_n yet_o as_o a_o rule_n follow_v for_o its_o equity_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o say_v something_o here_o of_o it_o the_o roman_n be_v first_o govern_v by_o king_n who_o give_v they_o law_n which_o be_v collect_v by_o papirius_n in_o the_o time_n of_o tarqvinius_n superbus_n be_v therefore_o call_v the_o papirian_a law_n tarqvinius_n and_o monarchy_n be_v throw_v out_o the_o papirian_a law_n collect_v in_o his_o time_n and_o name_n be_v partaker_n of_o his_o hatred_n and_o contempt_n of_o the_o people_n and_o there_o be_v no_o fix_v nor_o write_a law_n among_o the_o roman_n till_o they_o send_v the_o triumvir_n posthumus_fw-la maulius_n and_o sulpitius_n to_o the_o greek_a republic_n to_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o these_o commonwealth_n and_o thence_o to_o frame_v a_o model_n of_o government_n and_o law_n for_o the_o roman_a state_n which_o they_o do_v and_o make_v up_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n which_o be_v comprehend_v in_o few_o word_n and_o marrowy_a sentence_n all_o write_a upon_o twelve_o table_n be_v fix_v upon_o the_o most_o public_a mercat_n place_n at_o rome_n that_o they_o may_v be_v easy_o know_v and_o keep_v in_o mind_n by_o all_o the_o citizen_n these_o be_v so_o acceptable_a and_o satisfactory_a to_o the_o roman_n that_o they_o have_v be_v the_o foundation_n and_o principle_n of_o all_o that_o great_a body_n of_o law_n which_o afterward_o they_o have_v all_o which_o be_v order_v to_o that_o ancient_a law_n as_o extension_n and_o limitation_n of_o it_o which_o be_v do_v at_o first_o by_o part_n by_o the_o plebiscita_fw-la law_n enact_v by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o the_o senatus_n consulta_fw-la or_o by_o the_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n or_o by_o the_o response_n of_o the_o jurisprudents_n who_o be_v authorize_v to_o give_v answer_n in_o dubious_a case_n as_o cornelius_n nasica_n fabauf_n cato_n gallus_z ariciusidius_fw-la manlius_n scevola_n crassus_n juventius_n ulpianus_n paulus_n julianus_n and_o other_o and_o when_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v devolve_v upon_o the_o emperor_n by_o their_o edict_n rescript_n and_o decree_n until_o the_o roman_a law_n increase_v unto_o so_o great_a a_o bulk_n that_o there_o be_v thousand_o of_o book_n of_o law_n in_o which_o the_o brevity_n and_o perspicuity_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n be_v then_o lose_v as_o now_o the_o body_n of_o they_o through_o the_o injury_n of_o time_n have_v perish_v but_o at_o last_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n do_v by_o the_o pain_n of_o seventeen_o select_a jurisconsult_v pick_v out_o the_o marrow_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o digest_v they_o into_o some_o method_n into_o the_o fifty_o book_n of_o the_o digest_v or_o pandect_n which_o therefore_o have_v the_o author_n of_o every_o law_n prefix_v to_o it_o he_o do_v also_o by_o tribonian_a and_o other_o collect_v the_o rescript_n decree_n and_o all_o the_o edict_n of_o the_o emperor_n which_o before_o be_v more_o imperfect_o compile_v in_o their_o theodosian_a codex_fw-la and_o which_o thereafter_o he_o perfeit_v and_o name_v the_o justinian_n codex_fw-la as_o posterior_n constitution_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v gather_v together_o in_o nine_o collation_n which_o be_v call_v the_o novel_a constitution_n justinian_n do_v also_o cause_n frame_v the_o four_o book_n of_o the_o institutes_n as_o the_o sum_n and_o element_n of_o the_o whole_a law_n but_o as_o nothing_o humane_a be_v stable_n
contrary_a act_n of_o injury_n by_o do_v evil_a in_o stead_n of_o good_a three_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o people_n and_o anticipation_n of_o error_n and_o fraud_n and_o that_o evident_a probation_n may_v be_v have_v man_n do_v most_o profitable_o order_v deed_n to_o be_v do_v in_o such_o a_o palpable_a and_o plain_a form_n as_o may_v easy_o appear_v in_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o injury_n see_v the_o manner_n of_o do_v these_o deed_n be_v free_a and_o in_o our_o power_n thus_o though_o the_o dispositive_a will_n of_o the_o proprietar_n be_v sufficient_a to_o alienate_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v he_o and_o to_o constitute_v the_o right_n thereof_o in_o another_o yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o most_o nation_n delivery_n or_o apprehension_n of_o possession_n for_o convey_v the_o right_n of_o good_n and_o seize_v be_v necessary_a for_o convey_v of_o the_o right_n of_o land_n by_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o so_o by_o our_o custom_n assignation_n be_v not_o effectual_a to_o transfer_v personal_a right_n till_o intimation_n follow_v our_o custom_n also_o appoint_v write_v to_o be_v make_v where_o it_o be_v easy_a and_o ordinar_n to_o be_v do_v and_o therefore_o as_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o neglect_n or_o contempt_n thereof_o do_v exclude_v witness_n in_o matter_n of_o importance_n and_o admit_v only_o write_v or_o oath_n of_o party_n in_o case_n where_o write_n be_v accustom_v so_o the_o roman_n ordain_v that_o because_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o people_n when_o they_o stand_v in_o mere_a conference_n that_o word_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v mistake_v by_o themselves_o or_o witness_n that_o therefore_o the_o party_n shall_v perfeit_v such_o contract_n by_o a_o solemn_a stipulation_n wherein_o the_o one_o party_n do_v interrogat_n if_o the_o other_o do_v agree_v to_o such_o term_n as_o he_o express_v and_o the_o other_o immediate_o repeat_v his_o answer_n close_v with_o he_o in_o term_n and_o therefore_o if_o they_o do_v not_o so_o stipulate_v they_o refuse_v they_o action_n upon_o naked_a paction_n four_o nation_n for_o the_o flourish_a of_o their_o family_n do_v otherwise_o dispose_v of_o their_o estate_n and_o possession_n and_o their_o law_n do_v order_n they_o otherways_o than_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v for_o in_o the_o most_o part_n the_o heretage_n and_o succession_n in_o the_o whole_a land-rights_a belong_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n as_o stem_n and_o line_n of_o the_o family_n and_o the_o parent_n be_v presume_v to_o provide_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o child_n with_o competent_a portion_n though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o right_a of_o succession_n do_v belong_v to_o all_o and_o even_o in_o this_o positive_a law_n alter_v the_o course_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v its_o example_n from_o the_o judicial_a law_n of_o god_n by_o which_o the_o male_n exclude_v the_o female_n and_o the_o elder_a have_v a_o double_a portion_n five_o according_a to_o the_o humour_n and_o inclination_n of_o people_n man_n do_v lay_v the_o heavy_a penalty_n upon_o the_o transgression_n of_o such_o law_n as_o stand_v in_o opposition_n thereunto_o which_o may_v be_v alter_v when_o these_o inclination_n alter_v and_o so_o the_o lord_n do_v frame_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n for_o the_o humour_n of_o that_o people_n in_o some_o thing_n permit_v without_o punish_v the_o transgression_n of_o the_o most_o palpable_a and_o weighty_a law_n of_o nature_n as_o in_o polygamy_n and_o divorce_n and_o also_o extend_v the_o proportion_n of_o equality_n observe_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o restitution_n and_o retribution_n as_o in_o theft_n hence_o it_o appear_v how_o necessary_a the_o law_n of_o man_n be_v yetsure_o they_o be_v most_o happy_a who_o law_n be_v near_a to_o equity_n and_o most_o declaratory_a of_o it_o and_o lest_o alter_v of_o the_o effect_n thereof_o except_o in_o case_n eminent_o profitable_a like_a unto_o these_o now_o point_v at_o yea_o and_o the_o nation_n be_v more_o happy_a who_o law_n have_v enter_v by_o long_a custom_n wring_v out_o from_o the_o debate_n upon_o particular_a cause_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o fix_a and_o know_v custom_n for_o thereby_o the_o conveniency_n and_o inconvenience_n through_o a_o tract_n of_o time_n be_v experimental_o see_v so_o that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o some_o case_n convenient_a if_o in_o other_o case_n afterward_o it_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a it_o prove_v abortive_a in_o the_o womb_n of_o time_n before_o it_o attain_v the_o maturity_n of_o a_o law_n but_o in_o statute_n the_o lawgiver_n must_v at_o once_o balance_v the_o conveniency_n and_o inconvenience_n wherein_o he_o may_v and_o often_o do_v fall_v short_a and_o there_o do_v arise_v casus_fw-la incogitati_fw-la wherein_o the_o statute_n be_v out_o and_o recourse_n must_v be_v have_v to_o equity_n but_o these_o be_v best_a which_o be_v approbatory_n or_o correctory_n of_o experience_a custom_n and_o in_o a_o customary_a law_n though_o the_o people_n run_v some_o hazard_n at_o first_o of_o their_o judge_n arbitrament_n yet_o when_o that_o law_n be_v come_v to_o a_o fullness_n and_o consistence_n they_o have_v by_o much_o the_o advantage_n in_o this_o that_o what_o custom_n have_v change_v be_v throw_v away_o and_o obliterat_fw-la without_o memory_n or_o mention_v of_o it_o but_o in_o statutory_a write_a law_n the_o vestige_n of_o all_o the_o alteration_n remain_v and_o ordinary_o increase_v to_o such_o a_o mass_n that_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v evidence_n and_o security_n to_o the_o people_n and_o become_v labyrinth_n wherein_o they_o be_v fair_a to_o lose_v their_o right_n if_o not_o themselves_o and_o must_v have_v a_o implicit_a faith_n in_o these_o who_o can_v comprehend_v they_o without_o make_v it_o the_o work_n of_o their_o life_n 15._o our_o custom_n as_o they_o have_v arisen_a main_o from_o equity_n so_o they_o be_v also_o from_o the_o civil_a canon_n and_o feudal_n law_n from_o which_o the_o term_n tenor_n and_o form_n of_o they_o be_v much_o borrow_v and_o therefore_o these_o especial_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v great_a weight_n namely_o in_o case_n where_o a_o custom_n be_v not_o yet_o form_v but_o none_o of_o these_o have_v with_o we_o the_o authority_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v only_o receive_v according_a to_o their_o equity_n and_o expediency_n secundum_fw-la bonum_fw-la &_o equum_fw-la and_o though_o it_o may_v appear_v from_o some_o narrative_n of_o our_o statute_n that_o the_o parliament_n do_v own_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n to_o be_v our_o law_n as_o in_o the_o revocation_n of_o king_n james_n the_o four_o parliament_z 1493._o c._n 51._o where_o it_o be_v say_v and_o since_o it_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o law_n civil_a and_o canon_n that_o minor_n may_v revoke_v par._n 1540_o cap._n 80._o so_o likewise_o nottar_n forger_n of_o false_a writ_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v punish_v after_o the_o disposition_n of_o common_a law_n par._n 1551._o cap._n 22._o and_o in_o the_o act_n establish_v religion_n all_o act_n contrair_a or_o constitution_n canon_n civil_a or_o municipal_a be_v abrogate_a par._n 1567._o cap._n 31._o yet_o these_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o then_o that_o these_o law_n be_v a_o example_n after_o the_o similitude_n whereof_o the_o parliament_n proceed_v and_o though_o in_o the_o case_n of_o falsehood_n the_o punishment_n be_v assume_v as_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o will_v make_v that_o a_o part_n of_o our_o law_n it_o will_v not_o infer_v that_o in_o so_o far_o it_o be_v our_o law_n before_o much_o less_o in_o the_o whole_a and_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o the_o abrogation_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n at_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n because_o in_o the_o popish_a church_n it_o be_v hold_v as_o a_o authoritative_a law_n but_o since_o it_o be_v only_o a_o law_n as_o to_o these_o case_n that_o be_v act_v by_o it_o when_o it_o be_v in_o vigour_n and_o in_o the_o rest_n only_o as_o our_o custom_n assume_v some_o particular_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o matter_n but_o for_o the_o full_a evidence_n of_o the_o contrair_a there_o be_v a_o express_a and_o special_a statute_n declare_v this_o kingdom_n subject_n only_o to_o the_o king_n law_n and_o no_o other_o sovereign_n law_n par._n 1425._o cap._n 48._o par._n 1503._o cap._n 79._o yea_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n regulat_v the_o succession_n and_o right_n of_o scottish_a man_n in_o scotland_n though_o die_v abroad_o be_v resident_a there_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o colonel_n henderson_n child_n who_o have_v die_v in_o holland_n legat_v upon_o heritable_a bond_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n there_o yet_o they_o be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v convey_v by_o testament_n but_o belong_v to_o his_o heir_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n dury_n 9_o decemb._n 1623._o the_o
expediency_n be_v to_o lyca_n a_o guilt_n upon_o their_o conscience_n but_o that_o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la or_o conscientia_fw-la illesa_fw-es so_o much_o speak_v of_o in_o the_o law_n be_v that_o which_o clear_v and_o acquit_v man_n in_o such_o mistake_n from_o this_o freedom_n do_v arise_v not_o only_o our_o personal_a freedom_n and_o liberty_n whereby_o man_n be_v svi_fw-la juris_fw-la but_o also_o their_o power_n of_o the_o disposel_n of_o other_o thing_n within_o their_o reach_n or_o that_o dominion_n which_o god_n have_v give_v they_o over_o the_o creature_n 20._o as_o freedom_n begin_v where_o obedience_n end_v so_o engagement_n begin_v where_o freedom_n end_v it_o be_v our_o voluntar_n obliege_v of_o ourselves_o where_o by_o nature_n we_o be_v free_a every_o such_o obligation_n be_v a_o diminution_n of_o that_o freedom_n for_o thereby_o we_o be_v either_o restrain_v from_o that_o power_n of_o disposel_n of_o the_o creature_n or_o may_v be_v constrain_v to_o some_o performance_n contrair_a to_o our_o natural_a liberty_n some_o hold_v it_o not_o lawful_a for_o we_o to_o give_v away_o our_o native_a freedoom_v in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n or_o to_o bind_v ourselves_o where_o god_n have_v leave_v we_o free_a and_o that_o such_o engagement_n except_o where_o they_o be_v profitable_a for_o we_o or_o for_o a_o equivalent_a cause_n be_v not_o obligatory_a which_o shall_v be_v more_o proper_a to_o debate_v when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o obligation_n by_o paction_n promise_v or_o contract_n all_o which_o do_v arise_v from_o the_o principle_n of_o engagement_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a here_o to_o conclude_v with_o the_o law_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o natural_a than_o to_o stand_v to_o the_o faith_n of_o our_o paction_n this_o much_o for_o the_o common_a principle_n of_o law_n 21._o as_o to_o the_o object_n thereof_o the_o formal_a and_o proper_a object_n of_o law_n be_v the_o right_n of_o man_n a_o right_n be_v a_o power_n give_v by_o the_o law_n of_o dispose_v of_o thing_n or_o exact_v from_o person_n that_o which_o they_o be_v due_a this_o will_v be_v evident_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o right_n which_o be_v three_o our_o personal_a liberty_n dominion_n and_o obligation_n personal_a liberty_n be_v the_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o our_o person_n and_o to_o live_v where_o and_o as_o we_o please_v except_o in_o so_o far_o as_o by_o obedience_n or_o engagement_n we_o be_v bind_v dominion_n be_v the_o power_n of_o disposal_n of_o the_o creature_n in_o their_o substance_n fruit_n and_o use_v obligation_n be_v that_o which_o be_v correspondent_a to_o a_o personal_a right_n which_o have_v no_o proper_a name_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o creditor_n but_o have_v the_o name_n of_o obligation_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o debtor_n and_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o legal_a tie_n whereby_o the_o debtor_n may_v be_v compel_v to_o pay_v or_o perform_v something_o to_o which_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o obedience_n to_o god_n or_o by_o his_o own_o consent_n and_o engagement_n unto_o which_o bond_n the_o correlate_n in_o the_o creditor_n be_v the_o power_n of_o exaction_n whereby_o he_o may_v exact_v obtain_v or_o compel_v the_o debtor_n to_o pay_v or_o perform_v what_o be_v due_a and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o personal_a right_n as_o look_v direct_o to_o the_o person_n oblige_v but_o to_o thing_n indirect_o as_o they_o belong_v to_o that_o person_n so_o dominion_n be_v call_v a_o real_a right_n because_o it_o respect_v thing_n direct_o but_o person_n as_o they_o have_v meddle_v with_o these_o thing_n by_o which_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o all_o right_n consist_v in_o a_o power_n or_o faculty_n the_o act_n whereof_o be_v possession_n enjoyment_n or_o use_v which_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o no_o point_n of_o right_n and_o which_o may_v be_v where_o no_o right_n be_v as_o right_o may_v be_v where_o these_o be_v not_o 22._o the_o roman_a law_n take_v up_o for_o its_o object_n person_n thing_n and_o action_n and_o according_a to_o these_o order_n itself_o but_o these_o be_v only_o the_o extrinsic_a object_n and_o matter_n about_o which_o law_n and_o right_o be_v versant_a but_o the_o proper_a object_n be_v the_o right_n itself_o whether_o it_o concern_v person_n thing_n or_o action_n and_o according_a to_o the_o several_a right_n and_o their_o natural_a order_n the_o order_n of_o 〈◊〉_d may_v be_v take_v up_o in_o a_o threefold_a consideration_n first_o in_o their_o constitution_n and_o nature_n second_o in_o their_o conveyance_n or_o translation_n from_o one_o person_n to_o another_o whether_o it_o be_v among_o the_o live_n or_o from_o the_o dead_a three_o in_o their_o cognition_n which_o comprehend_v the_o trial_n decision_n and_o execution_n of_o every_o right_n by_o the_o legal_a remeid_n whereby_o the_o whole_a method_n may_v be_v clear_o thus_o first_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o several_a right_n and_o because_o liberty_n stand_v in_o the_o midst_n betwixt_o obligation_n of_o obedience_n which_o be_v anterior_a and_o of_o engagement_n which_o be_v posterior_n but_o both_o these_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n must_v be_v handle_v together_o and_o therefore_o liberty_n must_v have_v the_o first_o place_n and_o next_o obligation_n obediential_a and_o then_o conventional_a and_o after_o these_o dominion_n in_o all_o its_o part_n and_o in_o the_o second_o place_n shall_v follow_v the_o conveyance_n of_o these_o several_a right_n and_o last_o cognition_n of_o all_o the_o judicial_a process_n and_o execution_n right_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v divide_v in_o public_a and_o private_a right_n public_a right_n be_v these_o which_o concern_v the_o state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n private_a right_n be_v the_o right_n of_o person_n and_o particular_a incorporation_n of_o which_o in_o their_o place_n title_n ii_o of_o liberty_n 1._o liberty_n describe_v 2._o liberty_n distinct_a from_o dominion_n and_o obligation_n 3._o the_o principle_n whence_o liberty_n arise_v 4._o restraint_n and_o constraint_n 5._o liberty_n be_v bound_v by_o obedience_n 6._o it_o be_v diminish_v by_o delinquence_n 7._o by_o engagement_n 8._o by_o subjection_n 9_o liberty_n be_v lose_v by_o bondage_n 10._o bondage_n introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 11._o bondage_n lawful_a 12._o manrent_a 13._o manumission_n 14._o patronage_n 15._o the_o condition_n of_o our_o servant_n 16._o injury_n against_o liberty_n how_o obviat_fw-la 1._o liberty_n be_v that_o natural_a power_n which_o man_n have_v of_o his_o own_o person_n whence_o a_o free_a man_n be_v say_v to_o be_v suae_fw-la potestatis_fw-la in_o his_o own_o power_n and_o it_o be_v define_v in_o the_o law_n to_o be_v a_o natural_a faculty_n to_o do_v that_o which_o every_o man_n please_v unless_o he_o be_v hinder_v by_o law_n or_o force_n 2._o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o right_n distinct_a from_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o creature_n and_o from_o obligation_n it_o be_v evident_a from_o this_o that_o it_o can_v be_v refer_v to_o none_o of_o these_o and_o yet_o be_v the_o most_o native_a and_o delightful_a right_n of_o man_n without_o which_o he_o be_v capable_a of_o no_o other_o right_n so_o bondage_n exeem_v man_n from_o the_o account_n of_o person_n and_o bring_v he_o rather_o in_o among_o thing_n quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o patrimonio_fw-la nostro_fw-la and_o the_o encroachment_n upon_o and_o injury_n against_o the_o right_n of_o liberty_n of_o all_o other_o be_v the_o most_o bitter_a and_o attrocious_a for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o obligation_n or_o duty_n to_o we_o or_o the_o take_n away_o or_o detain_v of_o the_o thing_n of_o our_o property_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o lay_v violent_a hand_n on_o our_o person_n 3._o this_o right_n arise_v from_o that_o principle_n of_o freedom_n that_o man_n have_v of_o himself_o and_o of_o other_o thing_n beside_o man_n to_o do_v in_o relation_n thereto_o as_o he_o please_v except_o where_o he_o be_v tie_v thereunto_o by_o his_o obedience_n or_o engagement_n and_o this_o part_n of_o it_o which_o concern_v personal_a freedom_n be_v maintain_v by_o that_o common_a receive_v principle_n in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o self-defence_n and_o preservation_n for_o as_o cicero_n say_v in_o his_o oration_n pro_fw-la millone_n haec_fw-la &_o ratio_fw-la doctis_fw-la &_o necessitas_fw-la barbaris_fw-la &_o mos_fw-la gentibus_fw-la &_o feris_fw-la natura_fw-la ipsa_fw-la prescripsit_fw-la ut_fw-la omnem_fw-la semper_fw-la vim_o quacunque_fw-la open_a a_o corpore_fw-la a_o capite_fw-la a_o vita_fw-la sua_fw-la pro_fw-la pulsarint_fw-la and_o as_o say_v gain_n adver_o sus_fw-la periculum_fw-la naturalis_fw-la ratio_fw-la permittit_fw-la se_fw-la defendere_fw-la which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o private_a and_o unlawful_a violence_n 4._o opposite_a unto_o liberty_n be_v restraint_n and_o constraint_n restraint_n hinder_v man_n to_o be_v where_o and_o go_v whither_o he_o will_v and_o constraint_n force_v he_o
inconsistency_n if_o that_o power_n be_v in_o many_o and_o so_o behove_v to_o resolve_v in_o a_o management_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o wife_n 4._o the_o degree_n in_o which_o marriage_n be_v allow_v or_o forbid_v be_v by_o divine_a institution_n for_o the_o next_o degree_n collateral_a be_v only_o forbid_v for_o of_o asscendents_n and_o descendants_n there_o be_v proper_o no_o degree_n the_o great_a grandmother_n be_v in_o that_o regard_n as_o near_o as_o the_o mother_n and_o so_o the_o next_o collateral_a to_o all_o ascendant_n and_o descendants_n be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n with_o brother_n and_o sister_n and_o uncle_n and_o aunt_n nephew_n and_o niece_n be_v alike_o in_o the_o propinquity_n of_o blood_n with_o these_o and_o the_o great_a grandmother_n sister_n with_o the_o mother_n sister_n else_o if_o these_o be_v different_a degree_n there_o will_v many_o degree_n intervene_v betwixt_o a_o person_n and_o his_o great_a grand_a aunt_n but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a abhorrence_n of_o that_o promiscuous_a commixtion_n of_o blood_n it_o be_v common_o acknowledge_v over_o all_o the_o world_n as_o to_o all_o ascendant_n and_o descendants_n and_o as_o to_o the_o next_o collateral_n the_o word_n of_o god_n clear_v it_o not_o to_o have_v be_v a_o positive_a law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n but_o to_o have_v be_v a_o common_a law_n to_o the_o gentile_n also_o and_o therefore_o leu._n 18._o where_o the_o degree_n of_o marriage_n be_v express_v and_o unlawful_a commixtion_n forbid_v it_o be_v subjoin_v v_o 24_o 25._o defile_v not_o yourselves_o in_o any_o of_o these_o thing_n for_o in_o all_o these_o the_o nation_n be_v defile_v which_o i_o cast_v out_o before_o you_o and_o the_o land_n be_v defile_v therefore_o do_v i_o visit_v the_o iniquity_n thereof_o upon_o it_o but_o unless_o these_o degree_n of_o prohibit_v marriage_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n write_v in_o man_n heart_n or_o a_o common_a positive_a law_n know_v to_o the_o nation_n the_o lord_n who_o have_v declare_v that_o he_o will_v judge_v man_n by_o that_o law_n which_o be_v know_v will_v not_o so_o have_v judge_v the_o caananite_n 5._o the_o perpetuity_n of_o marriage_n be_v also_o evident_a by_o our_o saviour_n sentence_n against_o arbitrary_a divorce_n which_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n for_o the_o hardness_n of_o that_o people_n heart_n but_o the_o lord_n clear_v up_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v not_o so_o which_o show_v the_o perpetuity_n of_o that_o law_n and_o that_o it_o be_v before_o the_o judicial_a law_n and_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v that_o whosoever_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n except_o for_o fornication_n be_v a_o adulterer_n 11._o for_o understanding_n of_o these_o conjugal_a right_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a 1._o to_o consider_v the_o constitution_n of_o marriage_n 2._o the_o dissolution_n of_o it_o 3._o the_o right_n and_o interest_n thence_o arise_v for_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v define_v by_o modestinus_n to_o be_v the_o conjunction_n of_o man_n and_o woman_n to_o be_v consort_n for_o all_o their_o life_n with_o a_o communication_n of_o right_n divine_a and_o humane_a l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr ritu_fw-la nuptiarum_fw-la so_o the_o essence_n of_o it_o consist_v in_o the_o conjugal_a society_n the_o special_a nature_n of_o which_o society_n appear_v by_o the_o state_n interest_n and_o term_n that_o the_o marry_a person_n have_v thereby_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o the_o conjunction_n wherein_o marriage_n consist_v be_v a_o conjunction_n of_o mind_n by_o mutual_a consent_n to_o the_o marry_a state_n and_o that_o whether_o private_o or_o in_o the_o public_a solemnity_n or_o whether_o rather_o it_o be_v a_o conjunction_n or_o commixtion_n of_o body_n for_o clear_v whereof_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v not_o every_o consent_n to_o the_o marry_a state_n that_o make_v matrimony_n but_o a_o consent_n de_fw-fr presenti_fw-la and_o not_o a_o promise_n de_fw-fr futuro_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la for_o this_o promise_n be_v only_o the_o espousal_n which_o be_v premise_v to_o marriage_n and_o that_o so_o solemn_a a_o act_n may_v be_v with_o due_a deliberation_n and_o therefore_o though_o as_o other_o promise_n and_o paction_n espousal_n be_v natural_o obligatorie_n and_o effectual_a also_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n whereby_o the_o espouse_a person_n may_v be_v compel_v to_o perfect_v the_o marriage_n unless_o there_o arise_v some_o eminent_a discovery_n of_o the_o corruption_n or_o pollution_n of_o either_o party_n or_o defect_n or_o deformity_n through_o sickness_n or_o some_o other_o accident_n c._n de_fw-fr literis_fw-la extravag_n de_fw-fr sponsalibus_fw-la &_o cap._n 2._o eodem_fw-la c._n ult_n de_fw-fr conjug_n yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n there_o be_v place_n for_o either_o party_n to_o repent_v and_o renunce_v the_o espousal_n l._n 1._o cod._n de_fw-fr sponsalibus_fw-la which_o be_v also_o the_o custom_n of_o this_o nation_n for_o marriage_n use_v not_o to_o be_v pursue_v before_o solemnization_n râ—_n integris_fw-la so_o that_o the_o matter_n itself_o consist_v not_o in_o the_o promise_n but_o in_o the_o present_a consent_n whereby_o they_o accept_v each_o other_o as_o husband_n and_o wife_n whether_o that_o be_v by_o word_n express_o or_o tacit_o by_o marital_a cohabitation_n or_o acknowledgement_n or_o by_o natural_a commixtion_n where_o there_o have_v be_v a_o promise_n or_o espousal_n proceed_v for_o therein_o be_v presume_v a_o conjugal_a consent_n the_o present_v the_o public_a solemnity_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o order_n just_o introduce_v by_o positive_a law_n for_o the_o certainty_n ofso_o important_a a_o contract_n but_o not_o essential_a to_o marriage_n thence_o arise_v only_o the_o distinction_n of_o public_a and_o solemn_a private_a or_o clandestine_v marriage_n and_o though_o the_o contraveener_n may_v be_v just_o punish_v as_o in_o some_o nation_n by_o the_o exclusion_n of_o the_o issue_n of_o such_o marriage_n from_o succession_n yet_o the_o marriage_n can_v be_v declare_v void_a and_o annul_v and_o such_o exclusion_n seem_v very_o unequal_a against_o the_o innocent_a child_n but_o by_o our_o custom_n cohabitation_n and_o be_v common_o repute_v man_n and_o wife_n validats_fw-fr the_o marriage_n and_o give_v the_o wife_n right_a to_o her_o terce_n who_o can_v be_v exclude_v therefrom_o if_o she_o be_v repute_v a_o lawful_a wife_n and_o not_o question_v during_o the_o husband_n life_n till_o the_o contrary_n be_v clear_o decern_v par._n 1503._o cap._n 77._o so_o also_o a_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v find_v valid_a against_o the_o husband_n heir_n though_o the_o marriage_n be_v never_o solemnize_v in_o kirk_n nor_o congregation_n hope_n t._n husband_n etc._n etc._n william_n barklay_n contra_fw-la anna_n naper_n the_o like_a find_v to_o exclude_v the_o bastardy_n of_o the_o child_n by_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v repute_n marry_v and_o keep_v house_n and_o society_n together_o for_o several_a year_n nicolson_n de_fw-fr agnoscendis_fw-la liberis_fw-la brok_n contra_fw-la but_o the_o contrair_n be_v find_v where_o it_o be_v positive_o prove_v that_o the_o defunct_a have_v another_o wife_n ibid._n archibald_n chirnside_n contra_fw-la isobel_n grieve_n and_o john_n williamson_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o former_a case_n a_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v find_v valid_a and_o the_o man_n thereby_o oblige_v to_o solemnize_v the_o marriage_n see_v he_o have_v procreate_v child_n with_o the_o woman_n and_o by_o his_o missive_n have_v acknowledge_v he_o have_v marry_v she_o though_o by_o a_o contract_n posterior_n to_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n she_o have_v renunce_v the_o same_o nicol._n de_fw-fr sponsalibus_fw-la barclay_n contra_fw-la janet_n kelly_n but_o where_o a_o man_n by_o his_o write_n have_v acknowledge_v that_o such_o a_o child_n be_v get_v under_o promise_n of_o marriage_n and_o promise_v to_o solemnize_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o lord_n on_o the_o man_n alledgance_n that_o the_o woman_n have_v bear_v a_o child_n to_o another_o and_o her_o answer_n that_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v presume_v he_o will_v not_o sustain_v that_o presumption_n without_o instruct_v their_o converse_v together_o medio_fw-la tempore_fw-la january_n 31._o 1665._o christian_n barclay_n contra_fw-la george_n baptie_a it_o be_v also_o find_v late_o relevant_a for_o validate_v a_o contract_n of_o marriage_n sixteen_o year_n cohabitation_n and_o be_v repute_n man_n and_o wife_n elizabeth_n grierson_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o craigdarroch_n as_o to_o the_o other_o point_n though_o the_o commixtion_n of_o body_n seem_v necessary_a for_o the_o constitution_n of_o affinity_n arise_v from_o marriage_n yet_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n be_v true_a consensus_fw-la non_fw-la coitus_fw-la facit_fw-la matrimonium_fw-la but_o this_o consent_n must_v special_o relate_v to_o that_o conjunction_n of_o body_n as_o be_v then_o in_o the_o consenter_n capacity_n otherwise_o it_o be_v void_a so_o the_o consent_n of_o person_n natural_o impotent_a or_o
pupil_n and_o minor_n can_v convenient_o be_v separate_v if_o there_o be_v no_o positive_a law_n the_o natural_a infirmity_n of_o pupilage_n will_v not_o want_v its_o natural_a remedy_n provide_v by_o he_o who_o be_v the_o father_n of_o the_o fatherless_a and_o lay_v his_o obediential_a obligation_n upon_o these_o who_o by_o the_o law_n write_v in_o their_o heart_n he_o have_v bind_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o duty_n as_o be_v before_o show_v there_o be_v a_o common_a obediential_a or_o natural_a obligation_n upon_o all_o man_n of_o love_n mercy_n and_o relief_n of_o the_o distress_a among_o who_o infant_n and_o pupil_n who_o have_v no_o discretion_n and_o can_v at_o all_o preserve_v or_o govern_v themselves_o be_v the_o first_o it_o have_v be_v also_o show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o more_o special_a obligation_n put_v upon_o those_o of_o one_o blood_n one_o family_n from_o one_o common_a parent_n to_o help_v and_o support_v each_o other_o and_o that_o in_o order_n 2._o the_o first_o and_o near_a degree_n be_v first_o and_o most_o oblige_v hence_o arise_v that_o orderly_a and_o comely_a natural_a substitution_n of_o tutor_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o pupil_n first_o the_o father_n tutory_a and_o lawful_a administration_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o and_o these_o fail_n by_o death_n or_o incapacity_n the_o near_a degree_n of_o agnat_n be_v in_o the_o place_n of_o parent_n and_o be_v all_o joint_o bind_v to_o this_o natural_a duty_n unless_o the_o parent_n by_o their_o parental_a power_n have_v appoint_v and_o ordain_v other_o who_o they_o trust_v to_o undertake_v that_o work_n and_o last_o the_o common_a obligation_n that_o lie_v upon_o people_n have_v devolve_v upon_o the_o magistrate_n as_o represent_v they_o the_o duty_n of_o be_v or_o appoint_v tutor_n for_o pupil_n hence_o do_v arise_v the_o distinction_n of_o tutor_n in_o testamentar_n constitute_v by_o the_o parent_n in_o his_o testament_n legittime_o appoint_v by_o the_o law_n which_o be_v of_o the_o near_a agnat_n and_o dative_a which_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o king_n 3._o the_o natural_a obligation_n of_o these_o tutor_n to_o their_o pupil_n be_v first_o to_o preserve_v their_o person_n and_o defend_v they_o against_o injury_n and_o prejudices_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v they_o name_v tutor_n quasi_fw-la tuitores_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr tutelis_fw-la 2._o to_o aliment_n they_o out_o of_o the_o pupil_n own_o mean_n according_a to_o the_o condition_n thereof_o and_o to_o educate_v they_o for_o a_o station_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n according_a to_o their_o quality_n and_o capacity_n 3._o to_o manage_v their_o affair_n with_o such_o diligence_n as_o provident_a man_n use_v in_o their_o own_o affair_n that_o nothing_o may_v be_v lose_v but_o every_o thing_n improven_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n in_o all_o which_o they_o be_v not_o to_o exerce_fw-la voluntary_a act_n of_o dominion_n at_o their_o choice_n as_o dispose_v of_o what_o be_v secure_a but_o only_o necessary_a act_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o recovery_n of_o what_o will_v or_o may_v perish_v and_o for_o improve_n the_o profit_n of_o it_o 4._o they_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v a_o account_n and_o restore_v to_o the_o pupil_n what_o be_v his_o own_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o attain_v to_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n 4._o and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o pupil_n be_v oblige_v to_o the_o tutor_n by_o the_o obediential_a bond_n of_o remuneration_n or_o recompense_v of_o one_o good_a deed_n for_o a_o other_o to_o make_v up_o to_o the_o tutor_n whatsoever_o be_v want_v to_o they_o through_o their_o faithful_a administration_n this_o be_v all_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o interest_n and_o obligation_n of_o tutor_n and_o pupil_n which_o the_o positive_a law_n do_v no_o more_o but_o declare_v apply_v and_o ascertain_v by_o the_o form_n of_o enter_v that_o office_n the_o security_n for_o performance_n of_o it_o the_o fix_a time_n of_o endurance_n thereof_o which_o natural_o be_v the_o age_n of_o discretion_n in_o some_o soon_o in_o some_o late_a in_o some_o never_o but_o for_o certainty_n cause_n positive_a law_n determine_v a_o particular_a year_n in_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n discretion_n come_v that_o there_o be_v such_o interest_n and_o obligation_n even_o natural_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n will_v so_o easy_o go_v along_o that_o it_o will_v rather_o need_v consideration_n than_o confirmation_n the_o ground_n thereof_o be_v common_o acknowledge_v and_o accustom_v by_o all_o man_n who_o be_v lead_v by_o reason_n and_o it_o be_v so_o insinuate_v by_o the_o ordinar_n term_n of_o law_n whereby_o these_o obligation_n be_v call_v quasi_fw-la ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la as_o arise_v from_o no_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o tutor_n and_o the_o infant_n or_o pupil_n as_o not_o capable_a of_o contract_n and_o yet_o be_v not_o simple_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o these_o obligation_n not_o be_v by_o the_o will_n of_o man_n must_v needs_o be_v obediential_a obligation_n by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n the_o roman_n have_v in_o this_o matter_n keep_v clear_o and_o closse_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o therefore_o our_o custom_n have_v keep_v as_o near_o by_o they_o and_o so_o have_v the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n so_o say_v gudelinus_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la noviss_n l._n 10._o cap._n 8._o §_o ff_n that_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n and_o netherlands_o have_v very_o little_o alter_v in_o this_o from_o the_o roman_a law_n we_o shall_v therefore_o interweave_v the_o civil_a law_n and_o our_o custom_n that_o it_o may_v appear_v how_o far_o they_o do_v agree_v and_o differ_v and_o how_o they_o do_v quadrat_fw-la to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n follow_v this_o order_n 1._o what_o kind_n of_o tutor_n they_o be_v and_o what_o order_n of_o the_o same_o 2._o what_o the_o tutor_n duty_n be_v in_o their_o entry_n administration_n and_o account_n 3._o how_o tutories_n end_n 4._o the_o pupil_n obligation_n to_o they_o therefore_o and_o last_o of_o that_o resemblance_n that_o curatour_n and_o minor_n have_v tutor_n and_o pupil_n 5._o as_o to_o the_o first_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n of_o tutor_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o our_o custom_n befide_v that_o of_o the_o father_n who_o be_v call_v for_o distinction_n sake_n lawful_a administratour_n of_o which_o former_o the_o first_o be_v tutor_n testamentar_n or_o nominate_v the_o second_o be_v the_o tutor_n of_o law_n and_o the_o three_o be_v the_o tutor_n dative_n all_o which_o follow_v in_o course_n in_o the_o same_o order_n 6._o a_o tutor_n testamentar_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n behove_v to_o be_v either_o name_v in_o the_o testament_n or_o codicill_n confirm_v by_o testament_n l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr testamentaria_fw-la tutela_fw-la and_o can_v only_o be_v give_v to_o such_o as_o be_v in_o patria_fw-la potestate_fw-la §_o 3._o inst._n de_fw-fr tutelis_fw-la but_o by_o our_o custom_n a_o father_n may_v nominate_v tutor_n to_o his_o child_n in_o any_o writ_n he_o please_v but_o it_o be_v of_o a_o testamentary_a nature_n always_o ambulatory_a and_o mutable_a during_o his_o life_n a_o grandfather_n can_v name_v tutor_n to_o his_o oyes_o because_o his_o son_n be_v emancipat_v by_o marriage_n they_o be_v not_o in_o his_o paternal_a power_n neither_o can_v a_o mother_n or_o grandmother_n who_o have_v also_o no_o such_o power_n but_o any_o person_n that_o give_v or_o dispones_fw-la any_o thing_n to_o a_o pupil_n may_v in_o that_o disposition_n name_n tutor_n who_o be_v not_o proper_o such_o but_o only_o have_v the_o trust_n and_o charge_n of_o that_o thing_n dispone_v and_o as_o to_o it_o exclude_v all_o other_o tutor_n which_o take_v place_n because_o that_o nomination_n be_v a_o quality_n and_o condition_n in_o that_o donation_n november_n 17._o 1627._o fleming_n contra_fw-la brown_n january_n 31._o 1665._o kirktouns_o contra_fw-la laird_n of_o hunthill_n 7._o a_o tutor_n testamentar_n require_v no_o preparatory_a solemnity_n to_o capacitate_v he_o to_o act_n but_o the_o very_a nomination_n itself_o be_v sufficient_a and_o if_o it_o be_v in_o a_o testament_n it_o be_v valide_fw-la though_o the_o testament_n be_v never_o confirm_v or_o be_v reject_v by_o the_o executor_n and_o so_o there_o need_v no_o make_v of_o faith_n or_o find_v caution_n because_o it_o be_v presume_v the_o father_n that_o do_v name_v he_o do_v sufficient_o know_v his_o faithfulness_n and_o fitness_n and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o a_o testament_n bear_v that_o a_o tutor_n nominate_v accept_v and_o make_v faith_n be_v not_o find_v to_o instruct_v his_o acceptance_n with_o out_o the_o principal_a act_n subscribe_v by_o he_o be_v produce_v or_o act_n of_o administration_n prove_v though_o it_o be_v thirty_o seven_o year_n since_o the_o confirmation_n january_n 31._o 1665._o rutherford_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o hunthil_n neither_o be_v a_o tutory_a find_v instruct_v by_o a_o discharge_v as_o
the_o person_n interdict_a december_n 21._o 1610._o lady_n broksmouth_n contra_fw-la relict_n of_o gilbert_n wauchop_n 43._o interdiction_n can_v be_v take_v off_o by_o consent_n of_o the_o interdictour_n or_o interdict_a person_n though_o they_o shall_v renounce_v or_o discharge_v they_o but_o only_o by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o judge_n competent_a find_v the_o ground_n thereof_o either_o not_o true_a or_o otherways_o that_o the_o person_n interdict_a be_v come_v to_o a_o more_o stable_a deportment_n hope_n interdict_v george_n anderson_n contra_fw-la interdictour_n of_o william_n craig_n december_n 4._o 1623._o gichan_n contra_fw-la hay_n and_o davidson_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o inderdiction_n lay_v on_o by_o authority_n of_o a_o judge_n causa_fw-la cognita_fw-la title_n vii_o restitution_n 1._o restitution_n of_o other_o man_n good_n a_o natural_a obligation_n 2._o restitution_n be_v not_o sole_o a_o effect_n of_o property_n 3._o restitution_n of_o thing_n stray_v or_o waith_n and_o lose_v 4._o restitution_n of_o thing_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la acquire_v not_o from_o the_o right_a owner_n 5._o restitution_n of_o thing_n recover_v from_o thief_n pirate_n and_o robber_n 6._o restitution_n not_o competent_a of_o thing_n recover_v from_o public_a enemy_n 7._o restitution_n of_o thing_n quae_fw-la cadunt_fw-la in_o non_fw-la causam_fw-la causa_fw-la data_fw-la &_o non_fw-la secuta_fw-la 8._o no_o restitution_n of_o thing_n give_v ob_fw-la turpem_fw-la causam_fw-la 9_o restitution_n of_o indebite_fw-la soluta_fw-la 10._o restitution_n reach_v also_o the_o fruit_n not_o consume_v 11._o restitution_n be_v ground_v on_o have_v and_o that_o cease_v without_o fault_n the_o obligation_n of_o restitution_n cease_v 12._o bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n facit_fw-la fructus_fw-la consumptos_fw-la suos_fw-la 13._o restitution_n by_o heir_n 14._o from_o restitution_n arise_v the_o action_n of_o exhibition_n and_o delivery_n 15._o thence_o arise_v division_n of_o thing_n common_a without_o society_n 1._o the_o obligation_n whereby_o man_n be_v hold_v to_o restore_v the_o proper_a good_n of_o other_o be_v place_v here_o among_o natural_a or_o obediential_a obligation_n because_o they_o be_v not_o by_o contract_n or_o consent_n neither_o have_v they_o their_o original_a from_o positive_a law_n for_o though_o there_o be_v no_o positive_a law_n these_o obligation_n will_v be_v bind_v and_o they_o be_v obligatory_a among_o person_n who_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o one_o positive_a law_n and_o therefore_o see_v they_o be_v not_o obligatory_a by_o the_o will_n or_o law_n of_o man_n of_o necessity_n they_o must_v have_v their_o original_a from_o the_o authority_n and_o command_n of_o god_n and_o that_o obedience_n we_o owe_v thereto_o by_o the_o law_n write_v in_o our_o heart_n we_o be_v not_o here_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o obligation_n of_o restitution_n which_o be_v by_o any_o voluntar_n engagement_n or_o which_o be_v by_o delinquence_n but_o of_o these_o only_a whereby_o that_o which_o be_v another_o come_n in_o our_o power_n without_o his_o purpose_n to_o gift_n it_o to_o we_o and_o yet_o without_o our_o fault_n aught_o to_o be_v restore_v as_o thing_n stray_v or_o find_v or_o recover_v from_o pirate_n thief_n etc._n etc._n or_o buy_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la or_o the_o like_a 2._o restitution_n of_o thing_n belong_v to_o other_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o property_n whence_o come_v the_o right_a of_o vindication_n or_o repartition_n of_o any_o thing_n but_o beside_o the_o real_a action_n the_o proprietar_n have_v to_o take_v or_o recover_v what_o be_v his_o own_o which_o do_v not_o direct_o concern_v any_o other_o person_n and_o so_o be_v no_o personal_a right_n have_v no_o correspondent_a obligation_n upon_o the_o have_v of_o that_o which_o be_v a_o other_o to_o restore_v it_o there_o be_v a_o personal_a right_n which_o be_v a_o power_n in_o the_o owner_n to_o demand_v it_o not_o only_a when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o haver_n but_o if_o he_o bathe_v fraudful_o put_v it_o away_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v his_o once_o have_v it_o that_o oblige_v he_o and_o his_o fraudulent_a away-putting_a though_o it_o be_v a_o delinquence_n yet_o it_o give_v not_o the_o rise_n to_o the_o obligation_n but_o only_o continue_v it_o in_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o if_o he_o yet_o have_v it_o so_o in_o that_o case_n his_o obligation_n be_v more_o palpable_a for_o vindication_n of_o the_o thing_n where_o it_o be_v not_o can_v take_v place_n proper_o the_o learned_a grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_fw-la l._n 2._o cap._n 10._o make_v such_o obligation_n as_o arise_v from_o dominion_n and_o property_n to_o be_v by_o tacit_n consent_n or_o contract_n whereby_o the_o nation_n who_o have_v agree_v to_o appropriate_a thing_n common_a to_o man_n have_v thereby_o also_o tacit_o agree_v that_o each_o man_n shall_v restore_v what_o be_v the_o property_n of_o a_o other_o yet_o this_o will_v not_o hold_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n property_n be_v by_o consent_n yet_o in_o many_o thing_n it_o be_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o simple_a law_n of_o nature_n as_o thing_n which_o have_v their_o specification_n from_o their_o owner_n his_o skill_n and_o industry_n and_o other_o as_o will_v appear_v in_o its_o own_o place_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v most_o just_a and_o sure_a to_o attribute_v such_o obligation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n write_v in_o our_o heart_n rather_o than_o unto_o any_o other_o conjecture_n of_o suppose_a consent_n to_o this_o agree_v the_o roman_a law_n which_o hold_v these_o obligation_n not_o to_o be_v ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la sed_fw-la quasi_fw-la ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la neither_o do_v account_v they_o obligation_n ex_fw-la lege_fw-la and_o if_o they_o be_v of_o tacit_n consent_n these_o obligation_n be_v ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la 3._o there_o be_v many_o way_n by_o which_o the_o thing_n of_o other_o may_v come_v to_o our_o hand_n without_o our_o fault_n or_o delinquence_n as_o first_o thing_n stray_v concern_v which_o the_o lord_n have_v ordain_v deut._n 22._o vers_fw-la 1_o 2_o 3._o to_o bring_v again_o unto_o their_o brethren_n that_o which_o go_v astray_o and_o if_o he_o be_v not_o near_o to_o keep_v it_o till_o he_o seek_v after_o it_o and_o then_o restore_v it_o and_o to_o do_v so_o with_o all_o thing_n lose_v by_o he_o wherein_o there_o seem_v something_o to_o be_v admix_v of_o positive_a law_n as_o the_o take_n of_o it_o home_o to_o he_o or_o keep_v of_o it_o for_o his_o brother_n whereas_o the_o simple_a natural_a obligation_n of_o restitution_n oblige_v to_o no_o duty_n of_o custody_n or_o pain_n but_o only_o not_o to_o conceal_v that_o which_o be_v a_o other_o and_o to_o restore_v it_o when_o demand_v and_o such_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o scotland_n that_o waith_n or_o stray_a good_n must_v be_v proclaim_v and_o intimate_v to_o be_v waith_n and_o if_o the_o owner_n make_v they_o appear_v to_o be_v his_o he_o may_v have_v they_o satisfy_v for_o what_o be_v ware_v upon_o they_o for_o their_o preservation_n as_o orass_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o none_o appear_v within_o such_o a_o time_n custom_n have_v add_v that_o waith_n or_o stray_a good_n become_v public_a and_o escheat_n to_o the_o king_n or_o other_o to_o who_o he_o have_v dispone_v or_o commit_v that_o power_n and_o this_o intimation_n be_v so_o far_o requisite_a that_o if_o the_o good_n be_v meddle_v with_o or_o dispose_v of_o otherways_o it_o be_v theft_n but_o though_o the_o publication_n make_v the_o good_n public_a and_o the_o meddle_v therewith_o to_o be_v without_o fault_n so_o that_o if_o there_o do_v never_o any_o owner_n appear_v the_o thing_n do_v become_v real_o and_o absolute_o public_a and_o they_o do_v not_o become_v the_o possessor_n by_o that_o ancient_a law_n quod_fw-la nullius_fw-la est_fw-la sit_fw-la occupantis_fw-la which_o take_v place_n among_o we_o in_o thing_n which_o be_v never_o know_v to_o have_v a_o owner_n as_o pearl_n or_o stone_n find_v on_o the_o shore_n and_o many_o other_o but_o therefrom_o be_v except_v waith_n good_n and_o good_n by_o shipwreck_n which_o become_v escheat_n as_o public_a second_o thing_n lose_v of_o which_o we_o see_v the_o rule_n for_o israel_n deut._n 22._o how_o far_o they_o may_v be_v possess_v without_o delinquence_n in_o these_o our_o custom_n agree_v with_o the_o roman_a law_n and_o other_o nation_n except_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o waith_n and_o wrack_n good_n of_o which_o before_n that_o such_o thing_n be_v not_o conceal_v may_v remain_v with_o the_o possessor_n and_o if_o none_o claim_v they_o become_v their_o own_o and_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o they_o if_o they_o can_v be_v convenient_o preserve_v without_o hazard_n 4._o three_o thing_n belong_v to_o other_o come_v to_o our_o hand_n without_o delinquence_n when_o we_o acquire_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la either_o the_o property_n use_n or_o security_n thereof_o by_o pledge_n or_o depositation_n
who_o thereby_o become_v free_a whence_o also_o arise_v that_o right_n of_o patronage_n of_o which_o before_o but_o that_o be_v rather_o by_o a_o positive_a law_n and_o tacit_n consent_n as_o a_o condition_n employ_v in_o the_o gift_n so_o also_o in_o every_o gift_n there_o be_v a_o correspondent_a duty_n of_o gratitude_n and_o therefore_o by_o ingratitude_n the_o donation_n become_v void_a and_o return_n but_o the_o matter_n be_v more_o clear_a when_o the_o good_a deed_n be_v do_v not_o animo_fw-la donandi_fw-la but_o of_o purpose_n to_o oblige_v the_o receiver_n of_o the_o benefit_n to_o recompense_n such_o be_v obligation_n negotiorum_fw-la gestorum_fw-la and_o general_o the_o obligation_n of_o recompense_n of_o what_o we_o be_v profit_v by_o the_o damnage_n of_o other_o without_o their_o purpose_n to_o gift_n or_o as_o the_o law_n express_v in_o quantum_fw-la locupletiores_fw-la facti_fw-la sumus_fw-la ex_fw-la damno_fw-la alterius_fw-la it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n donatio_fw-la non_fw-la presumitur_fw-la and_o therefore_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v if_o it_o can_v receive_v any_o other_o construction_n than_o donation_n it_o be_v construct_v according_o whence_o arise_v that_o other_o rule_n of_o law_n debtor_n non_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la donare_fw-la so_o that_o any_o deed_n do_v by_o the_o debtor_n be_v either_o presume_v to_o be_v in_o security_n or_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o debt_n as_o if_o he_o assign_v his_o creditor_n to_o any_o thing_n due_a to_o he_o or_o dispone_v any_o thing_n to_o he_o it_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v in_o security_n or_o payment_n unless_o the_o deed_n express_v to_o be_v a_o donation_n or_o do_v for_o love_n and_o favour_n yea_o trust_n be_v rather_o presume_v than_o donation_n as_o if_o a_o man_n take_v a_o bond_n assignation_n disposition_n or_o other_o right_n in_o another_o man_n name_n it_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o trust_n he_o may_v force_v that_o other_o to_o denude_v himself_o if_o he_o be_v not_o creditor_n to_o the_o acquirer_n yet_o these_o rule_n have_v their_o limitation_n as_o first_o bond_n assignation_n or_o other_o right_n in_o the_o name_n of_o child_n unforisfamiliat_v unprovided_a be_v presume_v to_o be_v donation_n because_o of_o the_o parent_n natural_a affection_n and_o natural_a obligation_n to_o provide_v child_n which_o be_v extend_v to_o some_o good_n and_o money_n of_o a_o small_a value_n deliver_v by_o a_o rich_a brother_n who_o want_v child_n to_o his_o brother_n who_o be_v no_o merchant_n which_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v animo_fw-la donandi_fw-la and_o be_v not_o impute_v in_o part_n of_o a_o annual_a legacy_n leave_v thereafter_o by_o that_o rich_a brother_n to_o the_o other_o november_n 13._o 1679._o anderson_n contra_fw-la anderson_n yea_o a_o assignation_n to_o one_o near_o of_o kin_n mortis_fw-la causa_fw-la be_v find_v a_o donation_n and_o not_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o a_o debt_n due_a to_o that_o party_n june_n 16._o 1665._o crookshank_n contra_fw-la crookshank_n and_o bond_n of_o provision_n to_o child_n be_v not_o interpret_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o prior_n bond_n but_o to_o be_v a_o further_a addition_n and_o so_o be_v any_o other_o right_n take_v in_o name_n of_o child_n especial_o if_o unforisfamiliat_v yet_o a_o tocher_n in_o a_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o former_a provision_n though_o it_o do_v not_o so_o express_v june_n 29._o 1680._o francis_z young_z contra_fw-la pape_n and_o vauns_n and_o aliment_n to_o child_n be_v ordinary_o interpret_v to_o be_v ex_fw-la pielate_fw-la and_o not_o to_o oblige_v as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o mother_n where_o the_o child_n have_v no_o considerable_a estate_n february_n 2._o 1672._o captain_n guthry_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o mckerstoun_n and_o his_o brother_n the_o like_a though_o the_o mother_n be_v marry_v aliment_v her_o daughter_n who_o be_v appearand_a heir_n to_o her_o father_n though_o she_o renounce_v to_o be_v heir_n july_n 16._o 1667._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la simontoun_n the_o like_a be_v find_v in_o the_o mother_n father_n aliment_v his_o oye_n july_n 21._o 1665._o laird_n of_o ludquharn_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o giht_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o grandmother_n aliment_v her_o oye_n in_o the_o father_n life_n till_o she_o require_v the_o father_n to_o take_v she_o home_o january_n 11._o 1681._o janet_n gordoun_n contra_fw-la janet_n lesly_n yet_o aliment_n by_o a_o sister_n husband_n who_o be_v also_o debtor_n be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v a_o donation_n see_v it_o begin_v in_o minority_n and_o be_v continue_v after_o though_o without_o paction_n february_n 11._o 1681._o margaret_n spence_n contra_fw-la foulis_n of_o ratho_n and_o in_o all_o case_n aliment_n or_o entertainment_n give_v to_o any_o person_n without_o paction_n be_v presume_v a_o donation_n if_o the_o person_n be_v major_a and_o capable_a to_o make_v agreement_n but_o entertainment_n to_o minor_n or_o weak_a person_n do_v ever_o infer_v recompense_n according_a to_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o benefit_n receive_v and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o these_o who_o be_v in_o use_n to_o furnish_v provision_n for_o money_n the_o presumption_n cease_v and_o recompense_n be_v due_a in_o like_a manner_n where_o more_o person_n be_v bind_v for_o the_o same_o debt_n when_o any_o one_o pay_v the_o whole_a debt_n or_o more_o than_o his_o share_n recompense_n by_o way_n of_o relief_n be_v due_a although_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o relief_n and_o general_o the_o delivery_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v not_o presume_v to_o be_v a_o donation_n but_o for_o recompense_n or_o loan_n and_o so_o though_o the_o delivery_n of_o victual_n to_o a_o ordinary_a buyer_n or_o seller_n of_o victual_n be_v find_v to_o infer_v the_o ordinary_a price_n though_o no_o agreement_n or_o price_n be_v prove_v unless_o the_o receiver_n instruct_v another_o cause_n of_o the_o delivery_n june_n 15._o 1677._o david_n home_n contra_fw-la jamison_n 2._o likeways_o the_o obligation_n betwixt_o negotiator_n and_o these_o to_o who_o behoof_n they_o negotiate_v tie_v to_o recompense_n what_o other_o without_o our_o command_n knowledge_n or_o presence_n have_v necessary_o or_o profitable_o do_v for_o carry_v on_o of_o our_o affair_n these_o deed_n must_v be_v do_v without_o command_n or_o commission_n otherways_o they_o come_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o contract_n mandate_n or_o commission_n yea_o what_o be_v do_v in_o our_o presence_n with_o our_o knowledge_n in_o our_o affair_n be_v repute_n as_o with_o our_o tacit_n consent_n and_o commission_n nam_fw-la qui_fw-la tacet_fw-la consentire_fw-la videtur_fw-la these_o must_v also_o be_v do_v for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o our_o affair_n for_o negotiator_n can_v begin_v any_o new_a business_n but_o only_o carry_v on_o that_o which_o be_v begin_v and_o they_o must_v be_v necessary_o or_o profitable_o do_v otherwise_o he_o have_v his_o labour_n for_o his_o pain_n and_o he_o that_o set_v he_o on_o work_n must_v pay_v he_o his_o expense_n and_o last_o though_o these_o deed_n may_v be_v do_v without_o our_o knowledge_n or_o consent_n yet_o may_v they_o not_o be_v contrary_a to_o our_o will_n and_o command_n for_o such_o obtruder_n can_v expect_v no_o recompense_n l_o final_a c._n de_fw-fr negotiis_fw-la gestis_fw-la though_o no_o positive_a law_n hinder_v we_o may_v be_v liable_a even_o to_o such_o in_o quantum_fw-la facti_fw-la sumus_fw-la locupletiures_fw-fr but_o the_o obligement_n to_o negotiator_n be_v great_a for_o if_o they_o do_v that_o which_o be_v necessary_a or_o profitable_a for_o carry_v on_o our_o affair_n though_o by_o some_o accident_n that_o affair_n may_v perish_v or_o miscarry_v and_o we_o no_o rich_a but_o it_o may_v be_v poor_a yet_o be_v we_o oblige_v the_o ground_n of_o these_o obligation_n be_v because_o it_o be_v frequent_a for_o man_n to_o go_v abroad_o upon_o their_o affair_n suppose_v quick_o to_o return_v and_o leave_v no_o mandate_n for_o manage_v of_o they_o and_o yet_o be_v detain_v from_o they_o beyond_o expectation_n they_o may_v be_v easy_o lose_v for_o instance_n some_o redemption_n must_v be_v peremptor_n and_o the_o failer_z therein_o have_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n or_o the_o perfect_a of_o some_o great_a bargain_n a_o great_a part_n whereof_o be_v already_o do_v and_o the_o not_o perfect_v the_o rest_n lose_v the_o whole_a or_o the_o management_n of_o any_o work_n of_o great_a profit_n that_o for_o want_v of_o some_o pain_n or_o expense_n may_v be_v lose_v these_o who_o interpose_v themselves_o in_o such_o case_n do_v necessary_o and_o profitable_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o absent_a and_o so_o be_v under_o no_o delinquence_n neither_o be_v they_o presume_v to_o gift_n their_o pain_n and_o expense_n nor_o have_v they_o any_o conventional_a obligation_n upon_o their_o part_n and_o yet_o though_o there_o be_v no_o positive_a law_n for_o it_o the_o very_a light_n of_o nature_n will_v teach_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v
eleided_a by_o restitution_n of_o the_o good_n within_o forty_o eight_o hour_n they_o be_v accept_v and_o keep_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi nic._n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la bon_fw-fr rapt_a sym._n contra_fw-la ambross_n but_o not_o eleided_a by_o restitution_n within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n not_o be_v re_z integra_fw-la the_o spuilzy_v horse_n his_o back_n be_v break_v by_o the_o spuilzier_n nic._n ibid._n robert_n know_v contra_fw-la joseph_n lermont_n neither_o eleided_a by_o restitution_n within_o four_o or_o five_o day_n before_o which_o the_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a and_o here_o the_o spuilziers_n brother_n have_v take_v away_o the_o good_n short_o after_o restitution_n january_n 12._o 1610._o contra_fw-la forrester_n 24._o there_o be_v also_o a_o common_a exception_n against_o spuilzy_n upon_o prescription_n of_o three_o year_n they_o not_o be_v pursue_v within_o that_o space_n after_o the_o commit_v thereof_o and_o that_o by_o express_a statute_n par._n 1579._o cap._n 51._o but_o this_o prescription_n be_v only_o against_o the_o spuilzie_n as_o such_o so_o that_o it_o take_v away_o the_o privilege_n thereof_o as_o to_o the_o violent_a profit_n &_o juramentum_fw-la in_o litem_fw-la yet_o may_v it_o thereafter_o be_v pursue_v as_o wrongous_n intromission_n for_o restitution_n only_o and_o if_o many_o be_v pursue_v they_o be_v not_o liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la but_o equal_o unless_o a_o great_a intromission_n of_o some_o of_o they_o be_v prove_v january_n 17._o 1668._o captain_n strachen_n contra_fw-la george_n morison_n which_o also_o be_v competent_a in_o many_o case_n where_o spuilzie_n be_v either_o not_o sustainable_a or_o eleidable_a in_o its_o atrocity_n as_o a_o spuilzie_n nam_fw-la levis_fw-la exceptioexcusat_fw-la a_o spolio_fw-la and_o yet_o action_n for_o restitution_n remain_v and_o sometime_o the_o spuilzie_n may_v be_v restrict_v thereto_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi please_fw-mi before_o 〈◊〉_d so_o to_o do_v or_o otherways_o he_o have_v therefore_o a_o several_a action_n as_o if_o spuilzie_n be_v pursue_v and_o a_o exception_n of_o lawful_a poynd_n admit_v to_o be_v prove_v the_o defender_n will_v be_v assoilzy_v from_o the_o spuilzie_n even_o though_o the_o decreet_a whereupon_o the_o poind_v proceed_v be_v reduce_v for_o informality_n and_o yet_o he_o will_v have_v a_o several_a action_n for_o restitution_n which_o may_v be_v also_o decern_v in_o the_o action_n of_o spuilzie_n but_o spuilzie_n be_v not_o eleided_a by_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n their_o bring_v back_o the_o good_n of_o their_o tenant_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o hypotheck_n ex_fw-la intervallo_fw-la february_n 9_o 1676._o park_n contra_fw-la cockburn_n of_o roslin_n neither_o be_v the_o spuilzie_n of_o a_o horse_n eleided_a because_o he_o be_v find_v in_o the_o skaith_n and_o be_v offer_v back_o within_o forty_o eight_o hour_n upon_o payment_n of_o the_o skaith_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v put_v in_o a_o poind-fold_n or_o safe_a place_n have_v water_n grass_n or_o fodder_n and_o that_o by_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n the_o skaith_n have_v be_v estimate_n and_o the_o horse_n poynd_v therefore_o february_n 10._o 1676._o duncan_n contra_fw-la kid_n december_n 2._o 1679._o mr._n john_n beaton_n contra_fw-la home_n so_o spuilzie_n be_v not_o eleided_a upon_o allege_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v spuilzy_v or_o recept_n as_o much_o of_o the_o defender_n good_n by_o the_o act_n 112._o par._n 7._o &_o act_n 16._o par._n 10._o king_n james_n 6._o unless_a the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v be_v a_o break_a man_n and_o notorious_a thief_n of_o a_o clan_n who_o can_v not_o be_v reach_v by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n july_n 23._o 1678._o james_n baird_n contra_fw-la parochioner_n of_o fivie_a 25._o intrusion_n and_o ejection_n be_v delinquence_n in_o land_n and_o immovables_n as_o spuilzie_n be_v in_o movable_n and_o they_o differ_v in_o this_o that_o intrusion_n be_v the_o enter_z ing_z in_o possession_n be_v for_o the_o time_n void_a without_o consent_n of_o the_o party_n interress_v or_o order_n of_o law_n but_o ejection_n as_o its_o etymon_n intimat_n be_v not_o only_o the_o unwarrantable_a enter_v in_o land_n but_o the_o cast_v out_o violent_o of_o the_o then_o possessor_n in_o this_o there_o be_v violence_n in_o the_o other_o wrong_n but_o no_o violence_n in_o the_o entry_n though_o it_o be_v a_o violent_a detention_n and_o in_o either_o case_n the_o injure_v must_v be_v at_o least_o repute_n in_o possession_n but_o as_o the_o possession_n must_v begin_v by_o some_o bodily_a act_n it_o may_v be_v continue_v alone_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n willing_a or_o affect_v the_o possession_n which_o be_v conjecture_v or_o presume_v from_o circumstance_n for_o if_o it_o be_v but_o a_o short_a time_n since_o the_o possessor_n do_v corporal_o possess_v and_o nothing_o appear_v that_o he_o have_v relinquish_v his_o possession_n or_o his_o affection_n thereto_o cease_v then_o he_o be_v still_o possessor_n and_o be_v so_o presume_v because_o of_o his_o interest_n but_o if_o his_o abstinence_n be_v total_a or_o long_o that_o he_o have_v retain_v nothing_o as_o key_n or_o keep_v of_o door_n close_o than_o the_o possession_n be_v hold_v as_o 〈◊〉_d and_o he_o who_o enter_v by_o a_o real_a or_o colourable_a title_n be_v no_o intruder_n and_o can_v be_v extrude_v but_o by_o warn_v and_o process_n of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o therefore_o though_o intrusion_n be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o void_a possession_n it_o be_v only_o mean_v as_o to_o corporal_a possession_n there_o be_v still_o a_o presume_a possession_n animo_fw-la on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o injure_a in_o other_o thing_n intrusion_n and_o ejection_n do_v in_o all_o thing_n agree_v ejection_n must_v be_v pursue_v within_o three_o year_n pa._n 1579._o cap._n 81._o which_o be_v extend_v to_o intrusion_n by_o these_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n that_o eject_v and_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n be_v pursue_v within_o three_o year_n after_o commit_v thereof_o february_n 2._o 1610._o 〈◊〉_d of_o craighall_n contra_fw-la 26._o ejection_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o the_o natural_a possessor_n possess_v by_o themselves_o their_o hind_n and_o cottar_n but_o not_o to_o a_o heretor_fw-la for_o ejection_n of_o his_o tenant_n unless_o the_o tenant_n concur_v november_n 26._o 1626._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la bruce_n hope_v ejection_n margaret_n cunninghame_n contra_fw-la peter_n 〈◊〉_d hence_o it_o be_v that_o intrusion_n or_o ejection_n be_v not_o commit_v but_o by_o enter_v in_o natural_a possession_n or_o at_o least_o by_o out-putting_a or_o inputting_a of_o tenant_n for_o though_o possessor_n invert_v their_o master_n possession_n and_o pay_v their_o rent_n to_o another_o this_o will_v not_o infer_v against_o they_o intrusion_n or_o ejection_n but_o in_o both_o these_o case_n there_o be_v other_o remeid_n in_o law_n by_o remove_v or_o action_n for_o mail_n and_o duty_n which_o be_v competent_a against_o intrometter_n though_o ejection_n and_o intrusion_n prescrive_v by_o this_o statute_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o as_o such_o for_o take_v away_o of_o its_o singular_a privilege_n viz._n the_o violent_a profit_n for_o though_o they_o be_v not_o pursue_v within_o three_o year_n yet_o they_o be_v competent_a be_v libel_v and_o restrict_v to_o restitution_n of_o possession_n and_o for_o the_o ordinary_a profit_n and_o in_o this_o they_o differ_v from_o remove_v which_o can_v be_v pursue_v but_o upon_o warn_v forty_o day_n precede_v whitsonday_n but_o these_o may_v be_v pursue_v at_o any_o time_n without_o warn_v march_v 16._o 1627._o walter_z hay_o contra_fw-la mark_v ker._n spot_n ejection_n james_n mowat_n contra_fw-la james_n davidson_n july_n 15._o 1626._o mcphedrick_n contra_fw-la 〈◊〉_d yet_o where_o the_o pursuer_n title_n be_v only_o a_o assignation_n to_o a_o year_n tack_v though_o he_o restrict_v the_o ejection_n to_o the_o possession_n and_o the_o ordinary_a profit_n the_o same_o be_v not_o sustain_v in_o respect_n the_o year_n tack_v be_v long_o before_o expire_v and_o be_v only_o sustain_v for_o damnage_n and_o interest_n in_o not_o possess_v his_o year_n tack_v during_o the_o time_n and_o for_o the_o profit_n thereof_o during_o that_o year_n december_n 17._o 1631._o lord_n lowdoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o capringtoun_n ejection_n and_o intrusion_n be_v found_v especial_o upon_o possession_n and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi needs_o not_o dispute_v his_o right_n neither_o his_o enter_v in_o possession_n which_o though_o it_o be_v vicious_a yet_o if_o it_o be_v continue_v by_o a_o considerable_a space_n and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d be_v then_o eject_v he_o will_v not_o be_v exclude_v by_o allege_v his_o entry_n be_v vicious_a as_o if_o he_o have_v enter_v in_o the_o vice_n of_o a_o tennent_n remove_v by_o the_o defender_n yea_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n eject_v the_o action_n be_v sustain_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o his_o appearand_a heir_n upon_o condition_n he_o infeft_v himself_o before_o extract_v nicol_n de_fw-fr haeredibus_fw-la blair_n contra_fw-la mathie_n as_o also_o ejection_n
chalmer_n contra_fw-la wood_n of_o balbegno_n neither_o do_v the_o payment_n of_o annualrent_a after_o majority_n by_o a_o minor_a cautioner_n pay_v with_o the_o principal_n money_n and_o take_v discharge_v to_o he_o only_o hinder_v the_o minor_a to_o reduce_v february_n 14._o 1668._o sir_n george_n mckenzie_n contra_fw-la mr._n john_n fairholme_n neither_o the_o payment_n of_o annualrent_a to_o a_o indigent_a sister_n after_o majority_n exclude_v reduction_n upon_o minority_n but_o registrate_v the_o contract_n after_o majority_n without_o charge_n or_o execution_n be_v find_v to_o infer_v homologation_n june_n 28._o 1671._o helen_n homecontra_fw-la rentoun_n justice_n clerk_n neither_o do_v the_o confirm_v of_o a_o sum_n as_o movable_a hinder_v the_o confirmer_n to_o recover_v it_o as_o heritable_a june_n 28._o 1672._o kilgour_n contra_fw-la menzies_n december_n 23._o 1673._o mitchel_n contra_fw-la mitchel_n neither_o do_v the_o grant_n of_o a_o precept_n of_o seize_v on_o obedience_n import_n acknowledgement_n of_o right_n or_o exclude_v reduction_n and_o improbation_n december_n 20._o 1662._o mochrum_n contra_fw-la myretoun_n and_o airiolland_n neither_o be_v a_o decret_a find_v homologat_n by_o take_v discharge_v and_o give_v a_o bond_n without_o abatement_n which_o may_v import_v transaction_n the_o grant_a be_v in_o the_o messenger_n hand_n under_o caption_n july_n 3._o 1668._o thomas_n row_n contra_fw-la andrew_n houston_n neither_o be_v homologation_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o a_o debt_n infer_v by_o grant_v bond_n by_o a_o party_n in_o prison_n for_o not_o find_v caution_n judicatum_fw-la solvi_fw-la february_n 18._o 1680._o mr._n andrew_n burnet_n contra_fw-la john_n ewing_n neither_o do_v allowance_n to_o a_o tenant_n in_o his_o rent_n of_o annualrent_a pay_v by_o he_o exclude_v reduction_n of_o the_o bond_n on_o minority_n though_o the_o allowance_n be_v after_o majority_n december_n 14._o 1675._o james_n moodie_n contra_fw-la mcintosh_n neither_o accept_n a_o bond_n joint_o with_o another_o do_v homologate_v the_o right_n of_o that_o other_o february_n 1._o 1676._o veich_n contra_fw-la ker_n and_o pallat._n consent_n may_v be_v adhibit_v by_o sign_n as_o the_o borrow_n of_o a_o watch_n by_o a_o sign_n make_v by_o the_o borrower_n hand_n be_v find_v to_o oblige_v he_o to_o restore_v though_o another_o instant_o borrow_v it_o that_o same_o way_n from_o he_o nor_o be_v the_o first_o lender_n silence_n in_o a_o act_n so_o subite_fw-la interpret_v a_o consent_n to_o the_o second_o loan_n july_n 3._o 1662._o lord_n couper_n contra_fw-la lord_n pitsligo_fw-la but_o a_o dumb_a man_n subscribe_v a_o discharge_n be_v not_o find_v to_o infer_v his_o consent_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o sister_n see_v he_o know_v not_o what_o it_o import_v july_n 9_o 1663._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la 〈◊〉_d neither_o be_v consent_v to_o a_o march_n infer_v by_o the_o one_o heretor_n build_v a_o dyke_n and_o another_o silence_n for_o a_o time_n january_n 8._o 1663._o patrick_n nicol_n contra_fw-la sir_n alexander_n hope_n neither_o be_v the_o knowledge_n and_o silence_n of_o a_o husband_n find_v to_o infer_v his_o consent_n to_o his_o future_a spouse_n renunce_v a_o part_n of_o her_o jointure_n after_o proclamation_n and_o yet_o go_v on_o in_o the_o marriage_n january_n 5_o 1666._o lady_n bute_n and_o her_o husband_n contra_fw-la sheriff_n of_o bute_n and_o albeit_o consent_v to_o the_o content_n of_o a_o write_v be_v not_o always_o infer_v from_o subscribe_v as_o a_o witness_n yet_o in_o some_o case_n it_o be_v when_o the_o consent_n relate_v not_o to_o the_o tenor_n but_o to_o the_o time_n of_o subscribe_v as_o a_o heir_n subscribe_v as_o a_o witness_n to_o a_o write_v on_o death_n bed_n june_n 25._o 1663._o stuart_n of_o ascock_n contra_fw-la stuart_n of_o arnholm_n but_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o party_n to_o a_o decret_a be_v not_o find_v probable_a by_o the_o decret_a without_o a_o warrant_n under_o the_o consenter_n hand_n see_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o minute_n of_o the_o decret_a on_o the_o judicial_a consent_n be_v not_o instant_o write_v but_o long_o after_o and_o it_o be_v no_o ordinar_n point_n in_o process_n consent_v to_o but_o a_o transaction_n of_o a_o special_a nature_n july_n 24._o 1661._o laird_n of_o buchannan_n contra_fw-la l._n colonel_n osburn_n but_o one_o of_o the_o party_n have_v offer_v implement_n by_o instrument_n 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o witness_n insert_v be_v not_o suffer_v to_o quarrel_v his_o consent_n as_o not_o under_o his_o hand_n february_n 4._o 1671._o lowrie_n contra_fw-la gibson_n but_o consent_n be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v infer_v by_o subscribe_v witness_n as_o to_o the_o content_n of_o the_o writ_n february_n 1._o 1676._o veich_n contra_fw-la ker_n and_o pallat._n yea_o though_o the_o write_v do_v bear_v the_o witness_n to_o be_v cautioner_n unless_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o witness_n insert_v that_o the_o write_v be_v full_o read_v to_o that_o witness_n before_o he_o subscribe_v july_n 26._o 1672._o mr._n airthur_n gordoun_n contra_fw-la menzies_n 12._o all_o paction_n and_o contract_n be_v now_o equal_o efficacious_a may_v according_a to_o their_o subject_a matter_n be_v take_v up_o thus_o they_o be_v either_o mere_o gratuitous_a as_o he_o who_o oblige_v himself_o to_o bestow_v a_o horse_n be_v thereby_o bind_v but_o there_o be_v no_o obligation_n on_o the_o other_o but_o if_o the_o donation_n be_v perfect_v by_o a_o present_a tradition_n of_o the_o thing_n gift_v there_o be_v no_o obligation_n contract_v on_o either_o hand_n or_o next_o the_o obligation_n be_v gratuitous_a on_o the_o one_o part_n as_o loan_n which_o be_v either_o by_o the_o free_a lend_v of_o thing_n consistent_a in_o number_n measure_n and_o weight_n which_o the_o law_n regard_v as_o a_o quantity_n without_o regard_n to_o the_o individual_a body_n or_o thing_n such_o be_v common_o of_o equal_a value_n according_a to_o their_o quantity_n these_o be_v call_v fungible_n as_o money_n corn_n wine_n either_o where_o the_o loan_n be_v express_o or_o implicit_o for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o like_a quantity_n though_o not_o the_o same_o very_a thing_n or_o otherways_o it_o be_v the_o lend_v the_o use_n of_o a_o particular_a thing_n to_o be_v deliver_v again_o the_o same_o in_o substance_n the_o former_a be_v call_v mutuum_fw-la the_o latter_a commodatum_fw-la in_o both_o if_o the_o thing_n lend_v be_v not_o deliver_v this_o will_v be_v effectual_a to_o cause_v it_o be_v deliver_v though_o it_o be_v gratuitous_a if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o lender_n power_n but_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o borrower_n it_o be_v onerous_a for_o he_o be_v oblige_v either_o to_o restore_v the_o same_o body_n or_o the_o same_o quantity_n such_o also_o be_v commission_n or_o mandate_n whereby_o the_o mandatar_n do_v free_o undertake_v and_o be_v oblige_v susceptum_fw-la perficere_fw-la munus_fw-la and_o that_o free_o but_o he_o be_v onerous_o oblige_v to_o restore_v what_o by_o the_o mandate_n he_o have_v from_o the_o mandator_n as_o the_o mandator_n be_v oblige_v to_o refound_v he_o his_o interest_n and_o expense_n such_o also_o be_v the_o contract_n of_o custody_n or_o depositum_fw-la which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o commission_n whereby_o the_o depositar_n undertake_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o thing_n depositate_fw-la pledge_n be_v also_o a_o kind_n of_o commission_n whereby_o the_o thing_n impledged_a be_v give_v to_o a_o creditor_n for_o his_o security_n that_o he_o may_v detain_v and_o in_o case_n of_o not_o payment_n he_o may_v sell_v it_o and_o pay_v himself_o the_o other_o contract_n be_v such_o as_o be_v onerous_a on_o both_o part_n and_o obligator_n on_o both_o part_n and_o in_o they_o there_o be_v also_o always_o quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o intent_n of_o these_o contract_n observe_v in_o they_o a_o equality_n of_o the_o deed_n or_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v or_o give_v on_o either_o part_n as_o not_o be_v of_o their_o nature_n or_o of_o the_o direct_a purpose_n of_o the_o party_n gratuitous_a or_o donative_n for_o uptake_v of_o these_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o all_o that_o can_v come_v in_o these_o obligation_n be_v either_o something_o to_o be_v give_v or_o the_o use_n or_o fruit_n of_o something_o or_o the_o labour_n work_n or_o deed_n of_o person_n and_o among_o thing_n special_a consideration_n be_v have_v of_o money_n which_o be_v the_o common_a token_n of_o exchange_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v special_a contract_n in_o relation_n to_o it_o different_z from_o the_o exchange_n of_o other_o thing_n so_o then_o all_o these_o permutative_a contract_n be_v either_o of_o thing_n for_o thing_n as_o be_v permutation_n excambion_n barter_n etc._n etc._n or_o of_o thing_n for_o number_a money_n and_o that_o be_v sale_n or_o money_n for_o money_n as_o by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n second_o profit_n use_n fruit_n or_o work_v may_v be_v either_o exchange_v with_o thing_n and_o this_o have_v no_o proper_a name_n but_o be_v
our_o decision_n have_v be_v exceed_o various_a in_o this_o matter_n for_o clear_v whereof_o several_a case_n must_v be_v distinguish_v first_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o contracter_n themselves_o and_o in_o that_o either_o the_o mutual_a obliegement_n be_v conceive_v conditional_o that_o the_o one_o part_n be_v perform_v or_o upon_o the_o performance_n thereof_o the_o other_o part_n shall_v be_v perform_v or_o where_o the_o obliegement_n be_v not_o conceive_v conditional_o yet_o they_o be_v proper_o mutual_a cause_n each_o of_o other_o the_o obligement_n to_o deliver_v the_o ware_n and_o to_o pay_v the_o price_n in_o permutation_n the_o thing_n exchange_v and_o mutual_a obliegement_n for_o delivery_n thereof_o be_v the_o mutual_a cause_n each_o of_o other_o in_o location_n the_o use_n of_o that_o which_o be_v set_v for_o hire_n and_o the_o hire_n be_v the_o mutual_a cause_n and_o so_o be_v the_o obligation_n hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la otherways_o the_o obliegement_n be_v not_o the_o proper_a cause_n each_o of_o other_o but_o either_o whole_o different_a matter_n which_o be_v frequent_o accumulate_v in_o the_o same_o contract_n or_o the_o one_o but_o the_o occasion_n and_o motive_n and_o not_o the_o proper_a cause_n of_o the_o other_o the_o case_n of_o assignays_n must_v be_v consider_v in_o all_o these_o for_o the_o first_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v for_o the_o negative_a that_o in_o reciprocal_a contract_n neither_o party_n can_v have_v effectual_a action_n except_o he_o perform_v the_o whole_a contract_n on_o his_o part_n as_o to_o the_o first_o member_n of_o the_o first_o case_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o when_o the_o mutual_a obliegement_n be_v conceive_v conditional_o he_o that_o demand_v the_o one_o part_n must_v perform_v the_o other_o as_o to_o the_o other_o member_n when_o the_o obliegment_n be_v mutual_a cause_n each_o of_o other_o express_o when_o the_o contract_n bear_v for_o the_o which_o cause_n or_o when_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n appear_v so_o to_o be_v it_o be_v most_o consonant_a to_o reason_n to_o the_o civil_a law_n a_o our_o practice_n that_o neither_o party_n shall_v obtain_v implement_n of_o the_o obligement_n to_o he_o till_o he_o fulfil_v the_o obliegement_n by_o he_o it_o be_v so_o find_v july_n 27._o 〈◊〉_d laird_n of_o keir_n contra_fw-la mr._n james_n marjoribank_n leidingtoun_n november_n 〈◊〉_d 1565._o james_n crichtoun_n contra_fw-la marion_n crichtoun_n july_n 1581._o lord_n 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la provost_n of_o lincluden_n where_o the_o reason_n be_v render_v because_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d data_fw-la &_o non_fw-la secuta_fw-la till_o he_o who_o crave_v implement_n fulfil_v his_o own_o part_n 〈◊〉_d though_o it_o be_v ordinary_o understand_v when_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o obligationaltogether_o fail_v yet_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n so_o long_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v suspend_v or_o delay_v on_o the_o one_o part_n the_o effect_n be_v also_o to_o be_v delay_v on_o the_o other_o but_o in_o contract_n wherein_o the_o obliegement_n be_v not_o the_o proper_a cause_n each_o of_o other_o the_o one_o part_n have_v effect_n before_o the_o other_o be_v fulfil_v and_o the_o same_o be_v only_o reserve_v or_o declare_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o way_n of_o action_n or_o charge_n sinclar_n february_n 19_o 1548._o laird_n of_o ker_n contra_fw-la panter_n december_n 1563._o earl_n of_o glencairn_n contra_fw-la commendator_fw-la of_o kilwinning_n as_o to_o the_o second_o case_n whether_o a_o assignay_n charge_v or_o pursue_v upon_o a_o mutual_a contract_n be_v in_o any_o better_a case_n than_o the_o cedent_fw-la or_o can_v crave_v implement_n till_o the_o cedent_n part_v be_v perform_v the_o difficulty_n be_v here_o that_o if_o assiggnays_n be_n cloged_a with_o the_o obliegement_n of_o the_o cedent_fw-la it_o will_v mar_v commerce_n and_o render_v such_o contract_n ineffectual_a as_o to_o summar_n execution_n and_o so_o obliegement_n therein_o for_o liquid_a sum_n of_o money_n may_v not_o be_v poind_v or_o apprize_v for_o nor_o any_o execution_n valid_a thereupon_o but_o this_o will_v not_o follow_v for_o though_o these_o execution_n be_v summary_o use_v they_o will_v stand_v valide_fw-la only_o the_o effect_n will_v be_v suspend_v till_o the_o other_o part_n be_v perform_v but_o the_o assignay_n have_v no_o title_n whereby_o to_o compel_v his_o cedent_fw-la to_o perform_v his_o part_n therefore_o the_o other_o contracter_n must_v either_o be_v decern_v to_o assign_v his_o part_n of_o the_o contract_n to_o the_o assignay_n to_o the_o other_o part_n that_o thereupon_o he_o may_v insist_v for_o performance_n and_o that_o before_o the_o extract_v of_o his_o decreet_a or_o rather_o execution_n may_v be_v sist_v except_o as_o to_o adjudication_n for_o his_o security_n till_o he_o procure_v implement_n of_o his_o cedent_n part_n or_o otherways_o that_o he_o find_v caution_n that_o the_o other_o contracter_n use_v diligence_n against_o his_o cedent_fw-la for_o performance_n that_o the_o assignay_n shall_v make_v up_o what_o shall_v be_v want_v to_o he_o as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o william_n cunningham_n contra_fw-la john_n ross_n wherein_o a_o assignay_n charge_v upon_o a_o contract_n for_o the_o price_n of_o land_n by_o which_o contract_n his_o cedent_fw-la be_v oblige_v to_o cause_v the_o tenant_n pay_v certain_a by-gone_a ferm_n therefore_o the_o assignay_n be_v ordain_v to_o find_v caution_n for_o satisfy_v of_o these_o ferm_n against_o the_o cedent_fw-la february_n 15._o 1627._o william_n cunninghame_n contra_fw-la john_n ross._n hope_n contract_n laird_n of_o rentoun_n contra_fw-la robert_n dowglas_n and_o though_o a_o donatar_n be_v find_v to_o have_v right_o to_o the_o price_n of_o land_n due_a by_o a_o contract_n though_o the_o rebel_n have_v not_o perform_v his_o part_n of_o the_o contract_n hope_v cessio_fw-la bonorum_fw-la balfour_n contra_fw-la futhy_n there_o be_v nothing_o allege_v of_o the_o insolvency_n of_o the_o cedent_fw-la but_o a_o donatar_a pursue_v for_o the_o price_n of_o fews_n the_o fewer_n be_v assoilzy_v from_o the_o declarator_n till_o the_o donatar_n obtain_v the_o fews_n to_o be_v perfect_v here_o it_o be_v know_v the_o donatar_n be_v in_o trust_n for_o the_o rebel_n who_o be_v in_o power_n to_o perform_v january_n 28._o 1673._o lord_n lion_n contra_fw-la arthur_n forbes_n but_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o one_o part_n of_o the_o mutual_a cause_n shall_v be_v effectual_a without_o the_o other_o for_o if_o the_o cedent_n back-bond_n apart_o will_v affect_v the_o assignay_n much_o more_o when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o contract_n yea_o though_o the_o matter_n proceed_v not_o by_o way_n of_o contract_n but_o by_o bond_n apart_o if_o thereby_o it_o appear_v that_o these_o bond_n be_v mutual_a cause_n one_o of_o another_o the_o effect_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o and_o though_o there_o be_v no_o more_o to_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v mutual_a cause_n but_o that_o they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o date_n and_o before_o the_o same_o witness_n the_o lord_n will_v ready_o examine_v the_o witness_n insert_v ex_fw-la officio_fw-la whether_o they_o be_v mutual_a cause_n each_o of_o other_o and_o therefore_o where_o a_o bond_n apart_o do_v bear_v that_o the_o creditor_n shall_v ratify_v a_o disposition_n of_o the_o same_o date_n at_o his_o majority_n under_o a_o great_a penalty_n a_o bond_n grant_v apart_o to_o that_o party_n of_o that_o same_o date_n be_v assign_v the_o assignay_n be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o power_n to_o lift_v the_o principal_a sum_n till_o the_o cedent_fw-la ratify_v at_o his_o majority_n or_o be_v past_o his_o anni_fw-la utiles_fw-la without_o reduction_n november_n 14._o 1628._o cunninghame_n contra_fw-la cunninghame_n the_o like_a be_v find_v as_o to_o write_v of_o the_o same_o date_n with_o a_o contract_n anent_o the_o same_o matter_n though_o not_o mention_v in_o the_o contract_n hope_v contract_n duncrub_n contra_fw-la chapman_n but_o if_o in_o contract_n or_o mutual_a bond_n the_o mutual_a obliegement_n have_v different_a term_n of_o performance_n a_o pursuit_n upon_o the_o one_o part_n will_v not_o be_v stop_v by_o not_o performance_n of_o the_o other_o part_n while_o the_o term_n agree_v for_o the_o performance_n be_v not_o come_v november_n 28._o 1676._o sir_n david_n carmichael_n of_o basmedy_n contra_fw-la dempster_n of_o pitliver_n 17._o to_o come_v now_o to_o particular_n according_a to_o the_o order_n propose_v loan_n comprehend_v both_o the_o contract_n in_o the_o law_n call_v mutuum_fw-la and_o commodatum_fw-la by_o the_o former_a a_o thing_n fungible_a be_v free_o give_v for_o the_o like_a to_o be_v restore_v in_o the_o same_o kind_a and_o quantity_n though_o not_o the_o same_o individual_a a_o fungible_a be_v that_o which_o be_v estimate_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n and_o be_v not_o easy_o decernable_a nor_o notice_v in_o the_o individual_a or_o particular_a body_n but_o only_o in_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n the_o chief_a of_o
be_v end_v by_o the_o end_n of_o the_o special_a use_n for_o which_o it_o be_v grant_v or_o the_o time_n prefix_v or_o by_o revocation_n if_o it_o be_v precarius_fw-la or_o by_o the_o perish_a of_o the_o matter_n lend_v but_o precarium_fw-la be_v not_o finish_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o lender_n till_o his_o heir_n recall_v it_o but_o it_o be_v finish_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o borrower_n unless_o it_o be_v otherwise_o agree_v 27._o from_o commodatum_fw-la arise_v two_o action_n the_o direct_a whereby_o the_o lender_n may_v call_v for_o the_o thing_n lend_v and_o the_o contrary_a whereby_o the_o borrower_n may_v call_v for_o his_o expense_n ware_v out_o necessary_o or_o profitable_o on_o the_o thing_n lend_v more_o than_o be_v necessary_a to_o preserve_v it_o in_o the_o case_n it_o be_v lend_v which_o he_o may_v use_v by_o way_n of_o exception_n to_o have_v retention_n till_o these_o be_v satisfy_v 28._o commission_n be_v call_v in_o law_n mandatum_fw-la either_o because_o it_o use_v to_o be_v express_v by_o way_n of_o command_n or_o precept_n though_o this_o be_v special_a in_o a_o precept_n that_o most_o mandate_n be_v free_a and_o may_v be_v refuse_v but_o precept_n may_v not_o when_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o they_o be_v draw_v have_v provision_n from_o the_o drawer_n or_o otherwise_o it_o be_v call_v mandatum_fw-la quasi_fw-la de_fw-la manu_fw-la datum_fw-la because_o it_o be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n or_o the_o management_n of_o the_o mandant_fw-la into_o the_o trust_n of_o the_o mandatar_n the_o requisite_n of_o this_o contract_n must_v be_v first_o a_o desire_n warrant_v or_o order_n upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mandant_fw-la to_o the_o mandatar_n to_o do_v some_o affair_n to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o mandant_fw-la only_o or_o of_o the_o mandant_fw-la and_o mandatar_a as_o to_o manage_v that_o which_o they_o have_v in_o common_a or_o to_o the_o behoof_n of_o a_o three_o party_n only_o or_o of_o a_o three_o party_n and_o the_o mandatar_n or_o of_o the_o three_o joint_o for_o if_o to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o mandatar_a only_o it_o infer_v no_o obligation_n but_o either_o be_v a_o mere_a counsel_n in_o whatsoever_o term_n it_o be_v express_v as_o if_o maevius_n desire_v or_o command_n titius_n not_o to_o employ_v his_o money_n upon_o annualrent_n but_o to_o buy_v land_n therewith_o or_o particular_o to_o buy_v such_o land_n there_o arise_v thence_o no_o obligation_n it_o be_v true_a in_o crime_n such_o desire_n may_v infer_v punishment_n but_o no_o obligation_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o party_n desire_v or_o when_o a_o commission_n be_v grant_v only_o to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o receiver_n it_o transmit_v a_o right_a to_o he_o and_o no_o obligation_n upon_o he_o so_o personal_a right_n be_v transmit_v by_o assignation_n which_o be_v procuratory_n but_o to_o the_o procurator_n own_o behoof_n such_o be_v also_o precept_n for_o take_v seasive_a or_o possession_n 29._o as_o to_o the_o term_n in_o which_o mandate_n or_o commission_n be_v express_v if_o it_o be_v any_o way_n to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o mandant_fw-la there_o be_v no_o difference_n what_o the_o expression_n be_v unless_o the_o word_n be_v mendicatorie_a import_v the_o desire_n of_o a_o donation_n but_o if_o it_o be_v only_o to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o mandatar_n or_o of_o a_o three_o party_n or_o both_o without_o any_o behoof_n of_o the_o mandant_fw-la than_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v whether_o the_o word_n import_v only_o a_o counsel_n that_o the_o mandatar_n do_v such_o a_o thing_n upon_o his_o own_o account_n in_o which_o case_n there_o be_v no_o contract_n nor_o obligation_n unless_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o mandants_n account_n or_o a_o three_o party_n 30._o the_o second_o requisite_a be_v the_o consent_n or_o acceptance_n of_o the_o mandatar_n which_o compleat_v this_o contract_n which_o be_v perfect_v by_o sole_a consent_n and_o may_v be_v either_o by_o word_n or_o deed_n from_o whence_o the_o warrant_n of_o the_o mandant_fw-la and_o acceptance_n of_o the_o mandatar_n may_v be_v infer_v or_o by_o any_o other_o sign_n as_o by_o point_v with_o the_o hand_n or_o beckon_v with_o the_o head_n and_o albeit_o it_o be_v free_a to_o accept_v or_o consent_v yet_o it_o be_v obligatory_a and_o necessary_a to_o perform_v unless_o re_fw-la integra_fw-la the_o mandatar_n renounce_v so_o that_o the_o mandator_n be_v not_o hinder_v in_o obtain_v thereafter_o another_o mandatar_n 31._o the_o three_o requisite_a in_o a_o mandate_n be_v that_o it_o be_v in_o relation_n to_o a_o thing_n lawful_a to_o be_v do_v for_o it_o can_v reach_v to_o what_o be_v already_o do_v and_o be_v in_o a_o matter_n unlawful_a albeit_o it_o be_v accept_v it_o oblige_v not_o the_o accepter_n to_o perform_v and_o if_o it_o be_v perform_v it_o oblige_v not_o the_o mandant_fw-la to_o make_v up_o the_o mandatar_n damnage_v but_o in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o thing_n unlawful_a albeit_o both_o party_n be_v in_o the_o fault_n potior_fw-la est_fw-la conditio_fw-la possidentis_fw-la he_o who_o be_v actual_o free_a of_o the_o loss_n have_v the_o advantage_n 32._o the_o last_o requisite_a in_o mandate_n be_v that_o the_o acceptance_n must_v be_v free_a not_o only_o in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o mandatar_n may_v free_o accept_v or_o refuse_v whereby_o a_o proper_a and_o voluntary_a mandate_n differ_v from_o a_o necessary_a command_n or_o precept_n which_o be_v no_o proper_a mandate_n because_o it_o be_v not_o infer_v by_o consent_n but_o also_o in_o so_o far_o as_o acceptance_n must_v be_v gratuitous_a otherwise_o the_o contract_n thence_o arise_v be_v not_o mandate_n but_o location_n yet_o honorary_n or_o salary_n for_o perform_v of_o thing_n have_v no_o proper_a price_n nor_o estimation_n alter_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o contract_n as_o the_o salary_n or_o honorary_n of_o physician_n for_o procure_v of_o health_n which_o have_v no_o price_n or_o of_o judge_n or_o advocate_n for_o give_v or_o procure_v of_o justice_n 33._o it_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o mandate_n that_o it_o be_v personal_a depend_v upon_o the_o singular_a choice_n of_o the_o mandant_fw-la which_o he_o have_v make_v of_o the_o mandatar_n person_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v neither_o continue_v in_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o mandant_fw-la or_o of_o the_o mandatar_n but_o morte_fw-la mandatoris_fw-la perimitur_fw-la mandatum_fw-la which_o hold_v also_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o mandatar_n for_o this_o contract_n arise_v from_o a_o singular_a affection_n or_o friendship_n betwixt_o both_o the_o removal_n of_o either_o resolve_n that_o tie_v so_o that_o in_o delegation_n which_o be_v a_o mandate_n by_o the_o creditor_n to_o his_o debtor_n to_o pay_v the_o debt_n to_o the_o creditor_n of_o his_o creditor_n it_o be_v find_v to_o cease_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o creditor_n mandant_fw-la and_o that_o a_o letter_n write_v by_o he_o to_o his_o debtor_n to_o pay_v his_o creditor_n be_v no_o warrant_n to_o pay_v after_o the_o debtor_n know_v that_o his_o creditor_n the_o mandator_n be_v dead_a february_n 2._o 1628._o executor_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o duffus_n contra_fw-la forrester_n but_o here_o there_o be_v a_o exception_n fi_fw-la res_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la integra_fw-la if_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o mandate_n be_v not_o entire_a but_o that_o the_o mandatar_n have_v enter_v upon_o and_o perform_v a_o part_n of_o his_o commission_n for_o in_o that_o case_n it_o continue_v after_o the_o death_n of_o either_o party_n it_o have_v also_o the_o exception_n bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la if_o the_o mandatar_n perform_v the_o mandate_n though_o after_o the_o mandators_n death_n if_o he_o know_v not_o that_o he_o be_v dead_a albeit_o the_o matter_n be_v entire_a at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n in_o general_n or_o complex_n mandate_n the_o performance_n of_o a_o part_n do_v not_o continue_v all_o the_o several_a member_n of_o different_a nature_n of_o the_o mandate_n but_o only_o that_o particular_a whereof_o a_o part_n be_v do_v 34._o here_o there_o arise_v a_o question_n whether_o a_o mandatar_n may_v intrust_v another_o person_n or_o sub-commit_a his_o mandate_n wherein_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o most_o of_o the_o doctor_n be_v in_o the_o affirmative_a but_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o contract_n infer_v the_o contrary_a which_o ought_v to_o take_v place_n unless_o law_n or_o custom_n be_v opposite_a which_o be_v not_o with_o we_o the_o reason_n for_o the_o negative_a be_v pregnant_a first_o because_o the_o singular_a and_o personal_a fitness_n of_o the_o mandatar_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o mandator_n and_o so_o can_v without_o his_o consent_n be_v alter_v second_o it_o be_v a_o common_a ground_n that_o which_o belong_v not_o to_o heir_n much_o less_o to_o assignays_n or_o substitute_n three_o it_o be_v a_o common_a brockard_n delegatus_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la delegare_fw-la especial_o in_o the_o matter_n
competent_a for_o the_o whole_a obligation_n as_o when_o it_o be_v imprestable_a or_o when_o any_o part_n or_o qualification_n be_v unperformed_a or_o the_o value_n thereof_o interest_n do_v both_o comprehend_v damnum_fw-la emergens_fw-la &_o lucrum_fw-la cessans_fw-la the_o first_o be_v common_o competent_a the_o last_o but_o in_o some_o case_n and_o that_o ordinary_o for_o such_o gain_n as_o the_o creditor_n use_v to_o make_v and_o so_o the_o delay_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n give_v exchange_n and_o re-exchange_n as_o the_o creditor_n condition_n require_v but_o will_v give_v neither_o when_o not_o draw_v for_o the_o use_n of_o a_o merchant_n or_o he_o that_o behove_v to_o obtain_v the_o sum_n for_o a_o merchant_n for_o present_a use_n in_o ejection_n spuilzy_n and_o other_o attrocious_a delinquence_n the_o great_a profit_n that_o may_v have_v be_v make_v be_v allow_v as_o the_o creditor_n interest_n in_o obligation_n which_o be_v not_o in_o dando_fw-la but_o in_o faciendo_fw-la the_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n be_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o pursuit_n for_o performance_n but_o only_o for_o interest_n for_o before_o the_o delay_n there_o be_v no_o pursuit_n and_o after_o the_o debtor_n can_v pursue_v for_o performance_n but_o for_o interest_n l._n 13._o in_o fine_a ff_n de_fw-mi re_fw-mi judicata_fw-la but_o it_o seem_v more_o suitable_a to_o equity_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o debtor_n option_n even_o after_o the_o delay_n either_o to_o suit_n for_o performance_n or_o interest_n as_o he_o please_v if_o both_o be_v prestable_a in_o obligation_n in_o dando_fw-la where_o there_o be_v delay_v incur_v it_o will_v not_o be_v purge_v by_o offer_v performance_n especial_o if_o the_o thing_n have_v a_o certain_a definite_a season_n of_o its_o use_n as_o grain_n of_o such_o a_o year_n if_o it_o be_v not_o deliver_v debito_fw-la tempore_fw-la the_o delay_n will_v not_o be_v purge_v by_o offer_v it_o after_o but_o the_o price_n come_v in_o place_n of_o it_o in_o interest_n the_o value_n thereof_o may_v either_o be_v that_o which_o be_v agree_v by_o party_n which_o if_o high_a and_o penal_a may_v be_v modify_v or_o ordinary_o the_o common_a rate_n and_o sometime_o pretium_fw-la affectionis_fw-la in_o these_o case_n where_o the_o creditor_n have_v juramentum_fw-la in_o litem_fw-la the_o value_n be_v estimate_n by_o the_o roman_n in_o bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la 〈◊〉_d as_o at_o the_o time_n of_o sentence_n in_o stricti_fw-la juris_fw-la as_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o time_n of_o litiscontestation_n this_o distinction_n be_v not_o now_o of_o much_o use_n with_o we_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v rather_o in_o the_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o ponder_v all_o circumstance_n and_o according_o modify_v the_o value_n either_o as_o at_o the_o time_n of_o delay_n at_o citation_n litiscontestation_n or_o sentence_n 100_o profit_n which_o comprehend_v fruit_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o creditor_n interest_n in_o sale_n for_o by_o the_o special_a nature_n of_o that_o contract_n all_o accession_n and_o fruit_n belong_v to_o the_o buyer_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o sale_n and_o so_o it_o it_o a_o part_n of_o that_o contract_n but_o in_o other_o contract_v it_o be_v only_o due_a post_fw-la moram_fw-la and_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o contract_n the_o sentence_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v in_o this_o as_o in_o the_o estimation_n for_o in_o actionibus_fw-la bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la and_o arbitrary_a fruit_n and_o profit_n become_v due_a from_o delay_n which_o also_o take_v place_n in_o legacy_n but_o in_o these_o which_o be_v fructi_fw-la juris_fw-la if_o the_o obligation_n be_v to_o deliver_v that_o which_o be_v the_o creditor_n before_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n follow_v the_o property_n and_o be_v due_a from_o delay_n but_o where_o the_o property_n be_v not_o the_o creditor_n the_o fruit_n be_v not_o due_a till_o litiscontestation_n l._n 3._o &_o l._n 34._o &_o l._n 38._o ff_n de_fw-fr usuris_fw-la 101._o the_o time_n of_o perform_v obligation_n be_v at_o or_o before_o the_o term_n in_o obligation_n to_o a_o day_n so_o soon_o as_o requisition_n be_v make_v which_o can_v be_v understand_v in_o that_o instant_n if_o the_o thing_n require_v more_o time_n to_o perform_v it_o but_o such_o time_n be_v allow_v that_o by_o ordinar_n diligence_n it_o may_v be_v perform_v so_o that_o delay_n be_v not_o understand_v till_o that_o be_v past_a as_o when_o a_o party_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v a_o work_n he_o must_v have_v so_o much_o time_n as_o the_o work_n require_v or_o if_o money_n be_v require_v if_o the_o debtor_n offer_v within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n it_o will_v not_o infer_v delay_n for_o it_o be_v not_o his_o part_n to_o carry_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n about_o he_o nor_o to_o have_v it_o ready_a each_o instant_n and_o pasi_v a_o instant_n the_o stricke_v time_n law_n respect_v be_v a_o artificial_a day_n or_o twenty_o four_o hour_n if_o the_o debtor_n offer_v before_o the_o day_n the_o creditor_n can_v refuse_v it_o see_v the_o day_n be_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o debtor_n and_o so_o may_v be_v renounce_v by_o he_o if_o a_o term_n be_v express_v there_o need_v no_o requisition_n nam_fw-la dies_fw-la interpellat_n pro_fw-la homine_fw-la 102._o the_o place_n for_o perform_v obligation_n if_o it_o be_v express_v be_v to_o be_v observe_v and_o another_o place_n can_v be_v obtrude_v though_o it_o may_v seem_v as_o convenient_a for_o the_o creditor_n unless_o there_o be_v not_o safe_a access_n to_o that_o place_n in_o which_o case_n the_o debtor_n may_v offer_v and_o the_o creditor_n may_v pursue_v as_o if_o no_o place_n be_v name_v in_o which_o case_n he_o have_v the_o choice_n to_o pursue_v either_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o contract_n if_o he_o find_v the_o debtor_n there_o or_o where_o ever_o the_o debtor_n be_v conveenable_a and_o even_o where_o the_o place_n be_v express_v the_o creditor_n may_v else_o where_o pursue_v for_o performance_n if_o he_o allow_v the_o debtor_n damnage_v in_o not_o pay_v at_o the_o place_n appoint_v but_o if_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v perform_v be_v delivery_n of_o a_o certain_a species_n or_o body_n which_o can_v follow_v a_o man_n as_o a_o horse_n or_o a_o dog_n but_o a_o inanimat_n body_n as_o a_o coach_n coffer_n cabin_n or_o the_o like_a if_o no_o place_n be_v express_v the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v must_v be_v understand_v but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o quantity_n simple_o the_o place_n of_o contract_n or_o where_o the_o debtor_n reside_v be_v understand_v for_o the_o debtor_n be_v not_o presume_v to_o follow_v the_o creditor_n residence_n if_o custom_n or_o paction_n be_v not_o contrair_a 103._o as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o perform_v obligation_n the_o main_a question_n be_v when_o there_o be_v correi_fw-la credendi_fw-la or_o debendi_fw-la whither_o performance_n must_v be_v by_o all_o in_o solidum_fw-la or_o but_o pro_fw-la rata_fw-la for_o evit_v the_o question_n debtor_n use_v to_o be_v bind_v conjunct_o and_o several_o but_o when_o that_o be_v omit_v the_o debtor_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v but_o bind_v conjunct_o &_o pro_fw-la rata_fw-la for_o in_o dubiis_fw-la potior_fw-la est_fw-la conditio_fw-la debitoris_fw-la if_o the_o debtor_n be_v bind_v by_o several_a obligation_n not_o relate_v to_o other_o as_o become_v part_n of_o the_o same_o obligation_n all_o be_v bind_v several_o and_o in_o solidum_fw-la but_o when_o they_o be_v bind_v together_o in_o one_o bond_n and_o so_o correi_fw-la debendi_fw-la by_o the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n they_o be_v all_o liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la which_o be_v alter_v by_o justinians_n novel_a constitution_n give_v the_o benefit_n of_o division_n pro_fw-la rata_fw-la as_o to_o these_o who_o be_v solvent_a and_o not_o far_o absent_a which_o as_o more_o equitable_a and_o favourable_a be_v follow_v unless_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o obligation_n be_v indivisible_a as_o the_o delivery_n of_o a_o man_n a_o horse_n or_o any_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n consider_v not_o as_o quantity_n or_o genus_fw-la but_o as_o corpus_fw-la for_o ofttimes_o that_o can_v be_v divide_v without_o destruction_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o always_o it_o be_v the_o creditor_n interest_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v divide_v second_o obligation_n in_o suciendo_fw-la be_v ordinary_o indivisible_a l._n stipul_a ff_n de_fw-fr verborum_fw-la oblige_v as_o be_v late_o find_v in_o a_o obligation_n by_o two_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n to_o carry_v corn_n from_o one_o port_n to_o another_o both_o be_v find_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la or_o if_o the_o obligation_n be_v in_o non_fw-la faciendo_fw-la that_o such_o a_o thing_n shall_v not_o be_v do_v but_o that_o they_o shall_v hinder_v each_o be_v oblige_v in_o solidum_fw-la june_n 14._o 1672._o sutherland_n and_o grant_v contra_fw-la flut._n this_o also_o concern_v the_o manner_n of_o performance_n that_o in_o alternative_n electio_fw-la est_fw-la debitoris_fw-la who_o part_n be_v more_o
by_o lift_v the_o profit_n 15._o symbolical_a possession_n 16._o possession_n by_o reservation_n 17._o definition_n of_o possession_n 18._o requisite_n to_o begin_v possession_n 19_o requisite_n to_o retain_v possession_n 20._o how_o possession_n be_v trouble_v interrupt_a or_o lose_v 21._o kind_n of_o possession_n 22._o lawful_a possession_n give_v right_a to_o continue_v it_o against_o all_o illegal_a and_o clandestine_v act_n contrary_a thereto_o 23._o bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n facit_fw-la fructus_fw-la consumptos_fw-la suos_fw-la 24._o this_n not_o extend_v to_o unlawful_a possesser_n 25._o possessor_n decennalis_fw-la &_o triennalis_fw-la non_fw-la tenetur_fw-la docere_fw-la de_fw-la titulo_fw-la 26._o 〈◊〉_d possession_n of_o forefaulted_a person_n 27._o possession_n to_o what_o right_a ascriveable_a 28._o the_o nature_n of_o property_n 29._o property_n by_o possession_n of_o thing_n common_a 30._o appropriation_n by_o industry_n 31._o first_o property_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v of_o house_n and_o wall_n 32._o next_o of_o field_n and_o country_n 33._o quae_fw-la nullius_fw-la sunt_fw-la 34._o appropriation_n by_o accession_n of_o birth_n and_o fruit_n 35._o appropriation_n by_o alluvion_n 36._o appropriation_n by_o specification_n 37._o appropriation_n by_o necessary_a conjunction_n 38._o de_fw-fr tigno_fw-la injuncto_fw-la 39_o inaedificata_fw-la solo_fw-la cedunt_fw-la 40._o thing_n sow_v and_o plant_v how_o far_o they_o follow_v the_o ground_n 41._o possession_n of_o movable_n 〈◊〉_d property_n 42._o reprysal_n 43._o enemy_n good_n take_v in_o war._n 44._o good_n of_o neuter_n assist_v enemy_n become_v prize_n have_v go_v through_o the_o first_o two_o branch_n of_o private_a right_n personal_a freedom_n and_o obligation_n we_o come_v now_o to_o the_o three_o which_o be_v dominion_n but_o because_o that_o term_n be_v more_o appropriate_a to_o man_n over_o man_n then_o over_o other_o creature_n it_o be_v therefore_o call_v a_o real_a right_n or_o a_o right_n of_o thing_n for_o as_o obligation_n be_v a_o right_n personal_a as_o be_v a_o power_n of_o exact_v from_o person_n that_o which_o be_v due_a so_o a_o right_a real_a be_v a_o power_n of_o disposal_n of_o thing_n in_o their_o substance_n fruit_n or_o use_v for_o unfolding_a this_o right_n and_o the_o progress_n thereof_o both_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o time_n and_o nature_n advert_v 1._o first_o that_o when_o god_n create_v man_n he_o give_v he_o the_o dominion_n or_o lordship_n over_o all_o the_o creature_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o air_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n genefis_n 1_o verse_n 29_o and_o 30._o with_o power_n to_o man_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o creature_n even_o to_o the_o consumption_n thereof_o and_o it_o be_v like_a that_o during_o man_n innocency_n there_o be_v upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o creature_n a_o great_a subjection_n and_o subserviency_n to_o man_n till_o afterward_o when_o he_o revolt_v from_o god_n the_o creature_n revolt_v also_o from_o he_o yet_o god_n dominion_n over_o man_n and_o man_n dominion_n over_o the_o creature_n remain_v still_o in_o right_n so_o that_o he_o have_v a_o legal_a power_n and_o warrant_v to_o dispose_v of_o they_o though_o not_o so_o much_o possession_n or_o natural_a power_n be_v less_o able_a to_o master_v they_o then_o before_o it_o be_v a_o false_a and_o groundless_a opinion_n which_o some_o hold_n that_o man_n by_o his_o fall_n have_v lose_v his_o right_n to_o the_o creature_n until_o by_o grace_n he_o be_v restore_v and_o that_o the_o sole_a dominion_n of_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o saint_n who_o may_v take_v they_o by_o force_n from_o all_o other_o for_o by_o the_o whole_a strain_n of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n he_o still_o ow_v dominion_n and_o property_n of_o the_o creature_n in_o man_n without_o distinction_n and_o prohibit_v all_o force_n or_o fraud_n in_o the_o contrary_a which_o sufficient_o clear_v that_o subtlety_n of_o man_n forefaulture_n which_o though_o it_o make_v man_n obnoxious_a by_o way_n of_o obligation_n to_o punishment_n by_o god_n exterminate_v he_o from_o the_o use_n and_o comfort_n of_o the_o creature_n yet_o that_o obligation_n do_v not_o infer_v actualceass_v of_o man_n right_a much_o less_o the_o state_v of_o the_o right_n of_o mankind_n in_o a_o small_a part_n of_o they_o this_o dominion_n of_o the_o creature_n be_v give_v to_o man_n without_o distinct_a proportion_n or_o bound_n it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o birth_n and_o fruit_n of_o both_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v common_a to_o all_o mankind_n who_o have_v equal_a interest_n therein_o and_o every_o one_o may_v take_v and_o make_v use_n thereof_o for_o his_o necessity_n utility_n and_o delight_n yet_o so_o as_o the_o use_n and_o fruit_n thereof_o must_v in_o some_o case_n and_o may_v in_o all_o case_n become_v proper_a as_o what_o any_o have_v take_v and_o possess_v for_o his_o use_n become_v thereby_o proper_a and_o can_v not_o without_o injury_n be_v take_v from_o he_o much_o more_o the_o thing_n which_o have_v receive_v specification_n from_o his_o art_n or_o industry_n become_v proper_a and_o all_o other_o may_v be_v debar_v from_o any_o profit_n or_o use_v thereof_o but_o so_o that_o some_o property_n or_o use_n may_v be_v communicate_v to_o other_o which_o be_v the_o lesser_a and_o not_o reach_v the_o power_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v therefore_o call_v a_o servitude_n whereby_o that_o which_o be_v proper_a to_o one_o serve_v another_o in_o part_n and_o when_o the_o proprietar_n give_v not_o the_o fruit_n or_o use_v but_o only_o the_o hold_n or_o the_o detention_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o another_o for_o his_o security_n of_o some_o debt_n or_o obligation_n of_o the_o proprietar_n to_o he_o that_o right_o be_v call_v a_o pawn_n or_o pledge_v so_o that_o in_o whole_a all_o real_a right_n be_v either_o that_o original_a community_n of_o all_o man_n or_o the_o interest_n which_o possession_n give_v or_o property_n servitude_n or_o pledge_n of_o which_o in_o order_n first_o general_o as_o they_o be_v of_o old_a common_a to_o both_o thing_n movable_a and_o immovable_a and_o then_o special_o in_o relation_n to_o thing_n immovable_a and_o to_o heritable_a ground-rights_a of_o the_o earth_n and_o thing_n fix_v thereto_o which_o now_o by_o the_o feudal_n custom_n be_v much_o change_v from_o what_o they_o be_v and_o yet_o be_v in_o moveable_n 2._o the_o distinction_n of_o movable_a and_o heritable_a be_v very_o necessary_a to_o be_v here_o know_v as_o be_v the_o common_a material_n of_o real_a right_n and_o have_v a_o general_a use_n any_o thing_n be_v call_v movable_a which_o by_o its_o nature_n and_o use_n be_v capable_a of_o motion_n as_o thing_n immovable_a be_v the_o earth_n sea_n and_o thing_n fix_v to_o the_o earth_n not_o to_o be_v remove_v therefrom_o as_o tree_n house_n etc._n etc._n which_o though_o they_o may_v be_v possible_o move_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o their_o use_n so_o to_o be_v the_o superfice_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v immovable_a though_o it_o may_v be_v move_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o sea_n also_o be_v immovable_a though_o it_o have_v at_o the_o shoar_n its_o agitation_n by_o ebb_v and_o flow_v which_o be_v not_o the_o use_n man_n make_v of_o it_o these_o thing_n be_v call_v heritable_a because_o they_o descend_v not_o to_o executor_n to_o who_o only_a movable_n befall_v but_o to_o heir_n and_o so_o the_o distinction_n come_v ordinary_o of_o movable_n and_o heretables_n as_o that_o which_o be_v fix_v to_o or_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v count_v immovable_a as_o tree_n and_o grass_n and_o all_o he_o natural_a fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o industrial_a fruit_n as_o corn_n be_v count_v movable_a and_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o defunct_n but_o to_o their_o executor_n when_o they_o be_v sow_v or_o grow_v upon_o the_o ground_n at_o their_o death_n as_o well_o as_o when_o they_o be_v reap_v and_o so_o fall_v under_o single_a escheat_n february_n 2._o 1627._o lewis_n somervel_n contra_fw-la mr._n william_n stirling_n the_o distinction_n of_o heritable_a and_o movable_a be_v derive_v to_o right_n and_o obligation_n as_o the_o matter_n thereof_o be_v heritable_a or_o movable_a and_o so_o all_o disposition_n or_o obligation_n for_o constitute_v any_o right_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o property_n community_n or_o servitude_n be_v heritable_a although_o they_o have_v not_o yet_o attain_v their_o effect_n and_o become_v real_a right_n complete_a as_o disposition_n of_o land_n annualrent_n pasturage_n thirleage_v etc._n etc._n which_o be_v so_o far_o extend_v that_o all_o which_o be_v by_o destination_n to_o have_v its_o accomplishment_n by_o a_o real_a right_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v heritable_a as_o bond_n bear_v clause_n of_o annualrent_n which_o because_o annualrent_n be_v usual_o by_o infeftment_n therefore_o the_o very_a provision_n of_o annualrent_n though_o but_o a_o personal_a
liferent_a escheat_n the_o whole_a by_o forefaulture_n all_o right_n relate_v to_o infeftment_n by_o destination_n be_v heritable_a or_o movable_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o betwixt_o heir_n and_o executor_n but_o right_n have_v a_o tract_n of_o time_n but_o not_o for_o a_o liferent_a be_v movable_a and_o fall_v under_o single_a escheat_n yet_o the_o bygone_n of_o annualrent_fw-la by_o infeftment_n be_v still_o movable_a but_o as_o to_o both_o effect_n assignation_n to_o literent_fw-la tack_n be_v find_v movable_a and_o to_o fall_v under_o single_a escheat_n hope_n horning_n sir_n robert_n ker_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n ker._n clause_n also_o of_o relief_n in_o heritable_a bondsare_n movable_a and_o the_o jus_o marti_n of_o husband_n though_o they_o carry_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o wife_n heritable_a right_n or_o right_n of_o liferent_a fall_v under_o the_o husband_n single_a escheat_n 3._o to_o return_v now_o to_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o real_a right_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o original_a community_n which_o all_o man_n have_v at_o first_o in_o the_o whole_a creature_n of_o this_o inferior_a world_n for_o as_o to_o that_o community_n which_o be_v competent_a to_o a_o nation_n incorporation_n society_n or_o more_o single_a person_n it_o be_v property_n indeed_o to_o these_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o man_n though_o among_o themselves_o it_o keep_v a_o proportion_n with_o the_o universal_a community_n first_o in_o that_o there_o be_v a_o equal_a right_n and_o interest_n presume_v to_o be_v in_o all_o these_o that_o have_v community_n unless_o the_o contrair_n appear_v second_o that_o this_o equality_n be_v not_o exact_a in_o the_o use_n but_o that_o which_o be_v enjoy_v in_o common_a may_v free_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o community_n though_o some_o make_v use_v of_o more_o and_o other_o of_o less_o according_a to_o their_o need_n or_o satisfaction_n as_o when_o two_o person_n have_v a_o universal_a society_n of_o all_o their_o mean_n if_o the_o one_o be_v taller_z then_o the_o other_o he_o be_v not_o to_o go_v naked_a in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o exceed_v his_o fellow_n or_o if_o his_o appetit_fw-la be_v great_a he_o be_v not_o to_o pinch_v it_o and_o if_o he_o have_v more_o child_n he_o may_v entertain_v and_o provide_v they_o and_o thereby_o consume_v more_o of_o the_o common_a stock_n than_o the_o other_o so_o that_o in_o these_o universal_a society_n there_o be_v not_o a_o arithmetical_a equality_n but_o a_o geometrical_a proportion_n to_o the_o need_n and_o use_v of_o the_o party_n to_o be_v observe_v three_o such_o community_n may_v be_v pass_v from_o and_o division_n be_v make_v of_o that_o which_o be_v common_a thereby_o it_o will_v become_v proper_a to_o either_o party_n unless_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o paction_n hinder_v in_o which_o case_n division_n can_v be_v make_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o as_o be_v show_v before_o under_o the_o obediential_a obligation_n of_o restitution_n to_o every_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o own_o division_n of_o that_o which_o be_v common_a be_v comprehend_v four_o even_o during_o the_o community_n that_o which_o any_o party_n take_v for_o his_o use_n be_v proper_a and_o may_v not_o be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o any_o other_o if_o he_o exceed_v not_o the_o end_n or_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o society_n by_o seek_v more_o than_o be_v proportional_a to_o his_o need_n and_o use_v with_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o society_n all_o these_o agree_v to_o the_o original_a community_n of_o mankind_n and_o so_o they_o do_v continue_v in_o the_o first_o and_o golden_a age_n of_o the_o world_n when_o gold_n be_v not_o know_v nor_o regard_v but_o simplicity_n and_o sincerity_n be_v the_o gold_n of_o that_o age_n whereby_o every_o man_n content_v himself_o with_o the_o natural_a fruit_n and_o birth_n of_o the_o earth_n sea_n and_o river_n and_o it_o be_v like_a that_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o tree_n be_v satisfy_v to_o man_n at_o first_o before_o they_o come_v to_o hunt_v and_o kill_v of_o beast_n fish_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o river_n and_o haulking_n and_o kill_v of_o fowl_n 5._o then_o also_o man_n be_v content_v with_o cave_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o shade_n of_o tree_n for_o house_n and_o skin_n of_o beast_n for_o clothing_n in_o this_o community_n do_v many_o of_o the_o savage_a nation_n of_o america_n continue_v to_o this_o day_n in_o these_o vast_a and_o unpeopled_a place_n of_o the_o world_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n man_n be_v multiply_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v necessity_n of_o division_n and_o appropriation_n which_o have_v so_o far_o prevail_v that_o now_o there_o remain_v nothing_o common_a which_o by_o its_o nature_n and_o man_n necessity_n can_v be_v appropriate_a whereby_o some_o thing_n in_o whole_a and_o some_o use_n of_o other_o remain_v yet_o common_a to_o all_o man_n as_o 6._o first_o the_o air_n be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n because_o it_o can_v have_v no_o limit_n or_o bound_n and_o because_o all_o man_n every_o where_o must_v necessary_o breathe_v it_o second_o run_v water_n be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n because_o they_o can_v have_v no_o bound_n but_o water_n stand_v and_o capable_a of_o bound_n be_v proper_a three_o the_o vast_a ocean_n be_v common_a to_o all_o mankind_n as_o to_o navigation_n and_o fish_n which_o be_v the_o only_a use_n thereof_o because_o it_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o bound_n but_o where_o the_o sea_n be_v enclose_v in_o bay_n creek_n or_o otherways_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o bound_n or_o meeth_n as_o within_o the_o point_n of_o such_o land_n or_o within_o the_o view_n of_o such_o shore_n there_o it_o may_v become_v proper_a but_o with_o the_o reservation_n of_o passage_n for_o commerce_n as_o in_o the_o land_n four_o all_o the_o wild_a and_o free_a creature_n which_o be_v in_o the_o property_n of_o none_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n common_a to_o all_o as_o fish_n fowl_n bee_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o respect_n property_n have_v take_v hold_n of_o all_o that_o be_v appropriable_a these_o be_v say_v rather_o to_o belong_v to_o none_o as_o be_v by_o common_a consent_n declare_v void_a by_o all_o that_o property_n thereof_o may_v be_v infer_v by_o occupation_n and_o possession_n without_o respect_n to_o the_o person_n necessity_n or_o use_n as_o be_v in_o the_o ancient_a community_n but_o that_o simple_o whosoever_o possess_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o none_o do_v thereby_o acquire_v the_o property_n thereof_o such_o also_o be_v gem_n and_o precious_a stone_n on_o the_o shoar_n or_o thing_n relinquish_v by_o the_o proper_a owner_n except_o where_o there_o be_v a_o national_a community_n that_o people_n or_o their_o authority_n do_v possess_v in_o common_a not_o only_o some_o reserve_a right_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o also_o the_o right_n of_o precious_a thing_n or_o thing_n relinquish_v or_o lose_v by_o shipwreck_n or_o otherways_o whereby_o the_o imaginary_a possession_n of_o have_v such_o within_o their_o territory_n be_v sufficient_a by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n to_o appropriate_v they_o and_o to_o exclude_v other_o nation_n or_o single_a person_n of_o that_o same_o nation_n from_o they_o so_o with_o we_o treasure_n hide_v in_o the_o earth_n who_o proper_a owner_n can_v be_v know_v be_v not_o he_o in_o who_o ground_n they_o be_v find_v nor_o the_o finder_n but_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o thing_n stray_v or_o waith_n who_o owner_n can_v appear_v be_v public_a and_o shipwreck_n which_o be_v only_o understand_v when_o all_o live_a thing_n in_o the_o ship_n have_v perish_v but_o where_o a_o ox_n escape_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n to_o land_n alive_a the_o good_n be_v not_o find_v escheatable_a as_o shipwreck_n november_n 22._o 1622._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la cochran_n but_o shipwreck_n be_v not_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o by_o the_o king_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o such_o country_n as_o use_v not_o that_o law_n themselves_o but_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o favour_n here_o as_o they_o keep_v to_o ship_n of_o this_o land_n break_v with_o they_o par._n 1429._o cap._n 124._o five_o of_o thing_n appropriate_a there_o remain_v still_o the_o common_a use_n of_o way_n and_o passage_n which_o be_v like_o a_o servitude_n on_o property_n for_o this_o be_v necessary_o require_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n and_o therefore_o understand_v as_o a_o use_n reserve_v both_o in_o their_o tacit_n consent_n to_o appropriation_n and_o in_o their_o custom_n so_o all_o nation_n have_v free_a passage_n by_o navigation_n through_o the_o ocean_n bays_n and_o navigable_a river_n and_o have_v also_o the_o benefit_n of_o station_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o rivers_n and_o have_v the_o common_a use_n of_o the_o shore_n for_o cast_v anchor_n disload_v of_o good_n take_v in_o of_o ballast_n or_o
also_o gem_n pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n appropriate_a by_o the_o finder_n and_o likewise_o land_n not_o possess_v or_o which_o do_v arise_v of_o new_a as_o do_v some_o island_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o more_o frequent_o in_o public_a river_n which_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v account_v to_o accress_v to_o these_o who_o ground_n lie_v near_a proportionable_o according_a to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o front_v they_o but_o where_o such_o civil_a constitution_n be_v not_o such_o island_n be_v public_a as_o the_o river_n be_v in_o which_o they_o be_v breed_v 34._o the_o second_o way_n of_o appropriation_n be_v by_o accession_n whereby_o the_o accessory_n of_o thing_n proper_a be_v also_o proper_a as_o the_o birth_n of_o all_o cattle_n and_o their_o fruit_n it_o be_v likewise_o a_o natural_a acquisition_n of_o property_n which_o arise_v by_o accretion_n of_o part_n accretion_n of_o birth_n and_o of_o fruit_n and_o even_o the_o dung_n or_o any_o other_o profit_n follow_v the_o property_n of_o that_o whereunto_o it_o be_v accessary_a not_o only_o because_o by_o common_a utility_n that_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n to_o depart_v from_o the_o original_a community_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o the_o part_n fruit_n and_o profit_n thereof_o and_o all_o other_o thing_n thereupon_o that_o the_o examine_v may_v be_v appropriate_a but_o also_o from_o that_o general_a consent_n of_o mankind_n quae_fw-la nullius_fw-la sunt_fw-la fiunt_fw-la occupantis_fw-la and_o so_o the_o birth_n and_o fruit_n be_v a_o new_a production_n be_v carry_v as_o accessary_a by_o the_o first_o possession_n so_o tree_n and_o all_o plant_n as_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v therewith_o while_o they_o be_v grow_v thereupon_o even_o to_o singular_a successor_n but_o if_o separate_a or_o contain_v in_o movable_a box_n they_o be_v not_o so_o carry_v with_o the_o ground_n as_o accessory_n but_o be_v separat_fw-la movable_n so_o likewise_o the_o natural_a fruit_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o grass_n and_o herb_n be_v carry_v as_o the_o fruit_n thereof_o accessary_a thereto_o but_o by_o our_o custom_n corn_n and_o industrial_a fruit_n be_v esteem_v as_o distinct_a movable_n even_o before_o they_o be_v separat_fw-la or_o ripe_a and_o belong_v not_o to_o purchaser_n of_o land_n or_o heir_n these_o be_v the_o way_n of_o constitute_a property_n by_o natural_a equity_n without_o consideration_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o any_o particular_a nation_n but_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n that_o the_o sole_a dispositive_a will_n of_o the_o owner_n may_v state_n the_o property_n of_o what_o be_v his_o and_o full_o at_o his_o dispose_n in_o another_o so_o may_v the_o public_a content_n of_o any_o people_n introduce_v way_n of_o appropriation_n as_o they_o find_v most_o convenient_a for_o public_a good_a and_o that_o either_o express_o by_o statute_n or_o declaration_n of_o the_o legislative_a authority_n or_o tacit_o by_o consuetude_n and_o albeit_o it_o be_v a_o good_a and_o solid_a rule_n quod_fw-la meum_fw-la est_fw-la sine_fw-la i_o alienum_fw-la fieri_fw-la nequit_fw-la yet_o it_o have_v the_o exception_n of_o public_a sanction_n or_o common_a custom_n and_o so_o though_o it_o be_v not_o by_o the_o sole_a and_o proper_a consent_n of_o the_o owner_n yet_o it_o be_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o that_o society_n of_o people_n or_o their_o authority_n wherein_o the_o submission_n or_o consent_n of_o every_o one_o in_o the_o society_n be_v employ_v in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o design_n of_o association_n extend_v therefore_o first_o in_o fungible_n and_o all_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v not_o discernible_a from_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n possession_n be_v general_o esteem_v to_o constitute_v property_n which_o be_v most_o evident_a in_o current_a money_n which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o seal_v and_o during_o its_o remain_v so_o be_v otherways_o undiscernible_a and_o do_v so_o far_o become_v the_o property_n of_o the_o possessor_n that_o it_o pass_v to_o all_o singular_a successor_n without_o any_o question_n of_o the_o knowledge_n fraud_n or_o other_o fault_n of_o the_o author_n without_o which_o commerce_n can_v not_o be_v secure_v if_o money_n which_o be_v the_o common_a mean_n of_o it_o do_v not_o pass_v current_o without_o all_o question_n who_o it_o have_v be_v or_o how_o it_o cease_v to_o be_v his_o l._n si_fw-la alien_a 78._o ff_n de_fw-fr solutionibus_fw-la and_o though_o that_o law_n be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o commixtion_n of_o money_n with_o his_o money_n who_o be_v not_o owner_n of_o it_o whereby_o it_o be_v esteem_v as_o consumption_n of_o the_o money_n commix_v that_o ground_n do_v necessary_o reach_v all_o money_n so_o soon_o as_o it_o pass_v to_o any_o singular_a successor_n by_o commerce_n for_o thereby_o in_o the_o same_o way_n it_o be_v consume_v 35._o second_o upon_o the_o like_a ground_n it_o be_v that_o appropriation_n by_o alluvion_n be_v admit_v in_o all_o nation_n for_o thereby_o the_o adjection_n of_o other_o ground_n insensible_o and_o unperceivable_o by_o the_o run_n of_o a_o river_n become_v a_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n to_o which_o it_o be_v adject_v because_o it_o be_v uncertain_a from_o who_o ground_n such_o small_a and_o unperceivable_a particle_n be_v carry_v by_o the_o water_n and_o thereby_o also_o the_o frequent_a question_n that_o will_v arise_v betwixt_o the_o proprietar_n upon_o the_o opposite_a bank_n of_o river_n be_v prevent_v and_o though_o the_o adjection_n may_v be_v perceivable_a and_o considerable_a in_o a_o tract_n of_o time_n it_o make_v no_o difference_n if_o at_o no_o particular_a instant_n the_o adjection_n be_v considerable_a as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o palm_n of_o a_o horologe_n be_v insensible_a at_o any_o instant_n though_o it_o be_v very_o perceivable_a when_o put_v together_o in_o less_o than_o the_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n 36._o three_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n confusion_n of_o liquids_n which_o be_v not_o separable_a alter_v the_o property_n in_o so_o far_o that_o what_o before_o belong_v to_o several_a owner_n several_o become_v now_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o owner_n pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o value_n of_o their_o share_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o difference_n whether_o the_o confusion_n be_v make_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o party_n by_o accident_n or_o by_o mistake_n or_o fault_n the_o effect_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o that_o because_o the_o part_n be_v undiscernible_a and_o inseparable_a so_o as_o to_o give_v every_o owner_n the_o individual_a body_n he_o have_v before_o therefore_o he_o can_v only_o receive_v by_o equivolence_n the_o like_a value_n by_o division_n four_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n commixture_n of_o grain_n or_o other_o arid_a body_n belong_v to_o divers_a owner_n which_o can_v be_v easy_o separate_v or_o of_o any_o material_n in_o one_o mass_n work_n or_o artifice_n if_o they_o be_v not_o separable_a they_o induce_v a_o communion_n proportionable_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o several_a ingredient_n and_o though_o all_o the_o ingredient_n remain_v without_o alteration_n of_o their_o substance_n so_o that_o in_o subtlety_n the_o property_n of_o each_o part_n may_v be_v consider_v as_o remain_v with_o the_o former_a owner_n not_o only_o in_o commixture_n but_o in_o confusion_n alluvion_n and_o money_n yet_o public_a authority_n for_o utility_n sake_n constitute_v or_o declare_v property_n in_o manner_n foresay_a which_o be_v also_o consequent_a from_o necessity_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n though_o there_o be_v no_o positive_a law_n and_o such_o commixture_n be_v not_o like_o the_o commixture_n of_o a_o flock_n where_o every_o individual_a be_v discernible_a and_o separable_a as_o have_v the_o several_a mark_n of_o their_o distinct_a owner_n and_o if_o a_o commixture_n in_o that_o case_n shall_v become_v undiscernible_a it_o will_v of_o necessity_n introduce_v a_o community_n as_o if_o different_a flock_n of_o unmarked_a lamb_n shall_v in_o any_o way_n fall_v to_o come_v together_o so_o that_o the_o owner_n or_o the_o servant_n can_v not_o distinguish_v their_o own_o there_o be_v no_o remeed_n but_o to_o divide_v according_a to_o the_o number_n belong_v to_o the_o several_a owner_n and_o till_o that_o division_n be_v make_v every_o owner_n have_v proportionable_a interest_n in_o every_o individual_a see_v none_o of_o they_o can_v say_v or_o instruct_v this_o or_o that_o to_o be_v proper_o his_o own_o 38._o five_o positive_a law_n for_o the_o common_a benefit_n constitute_v property_n by_o necessary_a conjunction_n in_o constructure_n such_o be_v the_o roman_a law_n de_fw-fr tigno_fw-la injuncto_fw-la whereby_o a_o beam_n or_o any_o other_o material_a build_v in_o a_o house_n become_v proper_a to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o house_n or_o building_n that_o policy_n be_v not_o prejudge_v by_o demolish_n of_o building_n which_o therefore_o take_v effect_n whether_o the_o
hereafter_o teind_n also_o must_v come_v in_o as_o servitude_n though_o they_o be_v account_v a_o distinct_a right_n 1._o the_o roman_a law_n divide_v personal_a servitude_n into_o usufruct_v use_v and_o habitation_n usufruct_v be_v the_o power_n of_o disposal_n of_o the_o use_n and_o fruit_n save_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o if_o it_o be_v restrain_v to_o these_o person_n and_o their_o proper_a use_n without_o make_v profit_n or_o dispone_v to_o other_o it_o be_v call_v the_o use_n and_o because_o of_o some_o special_a consideration_n in_o the_o law_n of_o that_o use_n of_o house_n habitation_n be_v a_o distinct_a servitude_n from_o other_o use_n 2._o all_o servitude_n with_o we_o come_v under_o some_o of_o the_o kind_n before_o name_v personal_a servitude_n be_v either_o constitute_v by_o the_o deed_n of_o man_n or_o by_o the_o law_n which_o provide_v a_o competent_a portion_n to_o either_o of_o the_o survive_a spouse_n out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n of_o the_o other_o during_o the_o surviver_n life_n as_o if_o the_o wife_n survive_v she_o have_v the_o three_o of_o her_o husband_n tenement_n and_o if_o the_o husband_n survive_v he_o have_v the_o liferent_a of_o the_o wife_n whole_a tenement_n and_o that_o provisione_n legis_fw-la alone_a but_o other_o liferent_n constitute_v for_o survive_a spouse_n or_o otherways_o be_v provisione_n hominis_fw-la so_o may_v the_o terce_n or_o liferent_a by_o courtesy_n be_v provide_v and_o some_o thing_n alter_v from_o the_o course_n of_o law_n but_o often_o liferent_n be_v constitute_v by_o conjunctfee_n and_o most_o ordinary_o otherways_o which_o therefore_o retain_v the_o common_a name_n of_o liferent_n appropriate_v thereto_o and_o distinct_a from_o conjunctfee_n 3._o liferent_n be_v sometime_o provide_v particular_o and_o sometime_o general_o for_o the_o whole_a or_o such_o a_o share_n of_o the_o conquest_n during_o the_o marriage_n which_o though_o not_o fulfil_v by_o the_o husband_n in_o his_o life_n be_v effectual_a against_o his_o heir_n and_o be_v not_o account_v a_o fraudulent_a provision_n though_o it_o be_v the_o whole_a conquest_n even_o among_o merchant_n yea_o it_o be_v find_v effectual_a for_o recover_v the_o rent_n of_o the_o conquest_n land_n without_o infeftment_n against_o the_o husband_n heir_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o relict_n of_o johnstoun_n merchant_n in_o glasgow_n and_o where_o a_o husband_n purchase_v land_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n be_v then_o a_o infant_n and_o not_o to_o himself_o yet_o his_o relict_n be_v find_v to_o have_v right_o to_o her_o liferent_a thereof_o as_o be_v a_o fraudulent_a deed_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o obligement_n of_o conquest_n july_n 3._o 1627._o countess_z of_o dumfermling_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o dumfermling_n her_o son_n but_o these_o provision_n of_o conquest_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o husband_n acquirer_n to_o denude_v himself_o wlthout_n fraud_n for_o any_o onerous_a or_o just_a cause_n as_o sell_v for_o a_o price_n or_o dispone_v to_o child_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o appearand_a heir_n by_o ordinary_a term_n of_o contract_n of_o marriage_n to_o young_a child_n or_o to_o wife_n of_o subsequent_a marriage_n june_n 16._o 1676._o katharin_n mitchel_n contra_fw-la the_o child_n of_o thomas_n litlejohn_n and_o such_o a_o clause_n be_v of_o all_o sum_n acquire_v during_o a_o second_o marriage_n be_v find_v to_o annul_v a_o universal_a legacy_n to_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n but_o not_o to_o annul_v competent_a provision_n to_o the_o bairn_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n june_n 19_o 1677._o murrays_n contra_fw-la murrays_n the_o like_a january_n 3._o 1679._o mr._n alexander_n gibson_n contra_fw-la elizabeth_n thomson_n yea_o a_o clause_n provide_v the_o present_a stock_n and_o all_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o bairn_n of_o the_o marriage_n whilk_n fail_v the_o one_o half_a to_o the_o man_n heir_n the_o other_o to_o the_o wife_n heir_n be_v find_v to_o make_v the_o man_n fire_n and_o not_o to_o hinder_v he_o to_o provide_v his_o whole_a mean_n which_o be_v very_o great_a to_o his_o bairn_n of_o a_o subsequent_a marriage_n there_o be_v no_o bairn_n survive_v of_o the_o former_a marriage_n december_n 1._o and_o 21._o 1680._o alexander_n anderson_n contra_fw-la andrew_n bruce_n but_o as_o to_o such_o clause_n conquest_n be_v only_o understand_v where_o the_o husband_n acquire_v more_o than_o he_o have_v the_o time_n of_o the_o clause_n but_o not_o when_o he_o sell_v some_o land_n and_o acquire_v other_o of_o no_o great_a value_n june_n 27._o 1676._o earl_n of_o dumfermling_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o callender_n yea_o a_o clause_n of_o conquest_n in_o a_o wife_n contract_n of_o marriage_n who_o be_v otherways_o sufficient_o provide_v be_v find_v to_o be_v with_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o annualrent_a of_o a_o sum_n which_o the_o husband_n declare_v under_o his_o hand_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o land_n acquire_v remain_v due_a to_o the_o seller_n decem._n 20._o 1665._o lady_n kilbocho_fw-es contra_fw-la laird_n of_o kilbocho_fw-es 4._o this_o be_v common_a to_o all_o kind_n of_o liferent_n and_o involve_v in_o the_o nature_n thereof_o that_o they_o must_v be_v salva_fw-la rei_fw-la substantia_fw-la which_o by_o statute_n be_v especial_o extend_v to_o conjunctfiar_n and_o liferenter_n that_o they_o must_v be_v countable_a and_o find_v surety_n not_o to_o waste_v or_o destroy_v the_o biggings_n orchard_n wood_n stank_n park_n meadow_n or_o dovecoat_n but_o that_o they_o hold_v they_o in_o such_o like_a kind_n as_o they_o receive_v they_o par._n 1491._o cap._n 25._o which_o be_v confirm_v and_o declare_v to_o proceed_v upon_o twenty_o one_o day_n by_o sheriff_n baily_n of_o burgh_n or_o regality_n under_o pain_n of_o confiscation_n of_o the_o liferent-right_a to_o the_o king_n use_n parliament_n 1535._o cap._n 14._o and_o though_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o statute_n express_v conjunctfiar_n and_o liferenter_n give_v caution_n as_o be_v most_o ordinary_a by_o provision_n of_o man_n yet_o the_o statutory_a part_n be_v general_a at_o least_o may_v be_v extend_v to_o terce_n and_o liferent_n by_o the_o courtesy_n so_o a_o liferenter_fw-la be_v charge_v summary_o to_o uphold_v the_o 〈◊〉_d liferent_v and_o to_o leave_v it_o in_o as_o good_a case_n as_o she_o find_v it_o without_o precognition_n how_o it_o be_v the_o time_n of_o her_o entry_n march_v 28._o 1626._o george_n foulis_n contra_fw-la isobel_n allan_n by_o act_n of_o parl._n 1594._o cap._n 226._o anent_o ruinous_a tenement_n within_o burgh_n which_o be_v cognosce_v by_o a_o in_o quest_n to_o be_v ruinous_a as_o become_v or_o which_o may_v become_v within_o a_o short_a time_n uninhabitable_a the_o same_o must_v be_v repair_v by_o the_o liferenter_fw-la or_o the_o fire_n may_v enter_v in_o possession_n find_v caution_n within_o the_o burgh_n to_o pay_v the_o liferenter_fw-la the_o mail_n thereof_o as_o the_o examine_v give_v or_o may_v give_v the_o time_n of_o the_o precognition_n but_o this_o act_n be_v not_o find_v to_o derogat_n from_o the_o former_a act_n nor_o that_o precognition_n be_v requisite_a before_o find_v caution_n except_o in_o tenement_n within_o burgh_n decay_v before_o the_o liferenters_n entry_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o foresay_a case_n george_n foulis_n contra_fw-la isobel_n allan_n neither_o be_v the_o liferenter_fw-la free_v from_o caution_n upon_o her_o offer_n to_o quit_v the_o possession_n to_o the_o heretor_fw-la for_o pay_v of_o the_o rent_n the_o tenement_n not_o be_v ruinous_a at_o her_o entry_n 5._o it_o be_v also_o common_a to_o liferent_n and_o conjunctfee_n that_o the_o liferent-right_a be_v liable_a with_o the_o superior_a of_o ward-land_n or_o his_o donatar_n for_o a_o aliment_n to_o the_o heir_n to_o be_v modify_v by_o the_o lord_n proportional_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o land_n in_o ward_n and_o liferent_a by_o the_o say_a statute_n 1491._o cap._n 23._o vide_fw-la tit._n heir_n §_o 3._o 6._o liferent_n be_v either_o constitute_v by_o way_n of_o reservation_n in_o infeftment_n of_o property_n or_o otherways_o by_o a_o several_a infeftment_n but_o it_o can_v become_v a_o real_a right_n and_o be_v effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n without_o infeftment_n though_o most_o servitude_n may_v be_v constitute_v by_o disposition_n and_o possession_n 7._o yea_o though_o liferent_n be_v constitute_v by_o infeftment_n may_v be_v convey_v by_o assignation_n because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o subaltern_n or_o renew_a infeftment_n of_o a_o liferent_a which_o be_v only_o personal_a to_o the_o liferenter_fw-la and_o the_o right_o be_v incommunicable_a yet_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n arise_v thence_o be_v communicable_a and_o assignable_a 8._o it_o be_v also_o common_a to_o liferent_n that_o nothing_o do_v after_o their_o infeftment_n by_o the_o constituent_a or_o his_o singular_a successor_n can_v prejudge_v the_o liferenter_fw-la and_o so_o a_o appryzer_n from_o the_o husband_n be_v
prescription_n but_o when_o servitude_n be_v constitute_v by_o prescription_n the_o knowledge_n even_o of_o the_o superior_a be_v presume_v who_o though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o full_a right_n yet_o may_v have_v interrupt_v 4._o servitude_n be_v extinct_a by_o the_o proprietar_n of_o the_o tenement_n dominant_a his_o renunciation_n or_o contrary_a consent_n in_o write_v without_o any_o other_o solemnity_n and_o there_o need_v here_o no_o other_o possession_n than_o that_o possession_n the_o proprietar_n of_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n have_v of_o his_o tenement_n whereby_o he_o may_v make_v free_a use_n thereof_o for_o he_o who_o possess_v naturally_n or_o corporeal_o possess_v to_o all_o effect_n and_o use_n unless_o there_o be_v impediment_n by_o any_o opposite_a stand_n right_o servitude_n be_v also_o extinct_a by_o prescription_n of_o liberty_n for_o as_o servitude_n by_o prescription_n take_v away_o the_o liberty_n or_o free_a use_n of_o the_o tenement_n seruient_fw-fr so_o liberty_n be_v recover_v in_o the_o same_o way_n for_o though_o in_o the_o short_a prescription_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n simple_a forbearance_n of_o the_o servitude_n will_v not_o import_v prescription_n unless_o some_o contrary_a act_n that_o may_v hinder_v the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o proprietar_n of_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n yet_o in_o our_o long_a prescription_n of_o forty_o year_n simple_a forbearance_n of_o the_o use_n may_v suffice_v as_o presume_v the_o will_n of_o the_o party_n to_o be_v to_o relinquish_v the_o servitude_n and_o to_o suffer_v liberty_n to_o be_v recover_v and_o when_o the_o servitude_n be_v constitute_v by_o write_v the_o same_o will_v be_v the_o effect_n see_v the_o write_n and_o obligement_n prescrive_v not_o be_v use_v or_o acclaim_v forty_o year_n 5._o to_o descend_v now_o to_o the_o kind_n of_o servitude_n there_o may_v be_v as_o many_o as_o there_o be_v way_n whereby_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o house_n or_o tenement_n may_v be_v restrain_v in_o favour_n of_o another_o tenement_n for_o liberty_n and_o servitude_n be_v contrary_n and_o the_o abatement_n of_o the_o one_o be_v the_o be_v or_o enlargement_n of_o the_o other_o servitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_a matter_n be_v either_o in_o reference_n to_o city-tenement_n such_o as_o house_n for_o habitation_n not_o for_o the_o use_n of_o agriculture_n or_o pasturage_n whether_o they_o be_v in_o town_n or_o village_n or_o not_o and_o in_o countrey-tenement_n such_o as_o field_n and_o ground_n and_o all_o house_n for_o the_o use_n thereof_o as_o stable_n barn_n byers_n kilns_n wheresoever_o situate_a in_o town_n or_o country_n servitude_n upon_o city-tenement_n be_v very_o many_o whereof_o we_o shall_v point_v at_o the_o prime_n they_o be_v either_o positive_a or_o negative_a a_o positive_a servitude_n be_v that_o whereby_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n be_v not_o only_o restrain_v of_o its_o liberty_n but_o be_v constrain_v to_o suffer_v some_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o dominant_a tenement_n contrary_a to_o its_o liberty_n negative_a servitude_n be_v whereby_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n be_v only_o restrain_v 6._o the_o prime_a positive_a servitude_n of_o city-tenement_n be_v the_o servitude_n of_o support_n whereby_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n be_v liable_a to_o bear_v any_o burden_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o dominant_a and_o that_o either_o by_o lay_v on_o the_o weight_n upon_o its_o wall_n or_o other_o part_n thereof_o or_o by_o put_v in_o jeest_n or_o other_o mean_n of_o support_n in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o same_o which_o the_o roman_n call_v servitutem_fw-la tigni_fw-la immissi_fw-la or_o otherways_o this_o servitude_n may_v be_v by_o bear_v the_o pressure_n or_o put_v of_o any_o building_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o dominant_a tenement_n as_o of_o a_o vault_n or_o pend_n or_o the_o like_a such_o be_v the_o servitude_n of_o superstructure_n whereby_o any_o building_n may_v be_v build_v upon_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n like_v unto_o which_o be_v now_o frequent_a in_o edinburgh_n when_o one_o tenement_n be_v build_v above_o another_o at_o divers_a time_n or_o divers_a story_n or_o contignation_n of_o the_o same_o tenement_n be_v buy_v by_o divers_a proprietar_n and_o thereby_o the_o upper_a become_v a_o distinct_a tenement_n and_o have_v a_o servitude_n upon_o the_o low_a tenement_n whereby_o they_o must_v support_v it_o the_o question_n use_v to_o be_v move_v here_o whether_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n be_v oblige_v to_o uphold_v or_o repair_v his_o tenement_n that_o it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o support_v the_o dominant_a tenement_n there_o be_v opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a and_o probable_a reason_n upon_o both_o part_n for_o the_o affirmative_a make_v the_o common_a rule_n that_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v grant_v all_o thing_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v grant_v therewith_o that_o be_v necessary_a thereto_o so_o he_o who_o constitute_v upon_o his_o tenement_n a_o servitude_n of_o support_n must_v make_v it_o effectual_a and_o for_o the_o negative_a servitude_n be_v odious_a and_o not_o to_o be_v extend_v beyond_o what_o be_v express_o grant_v or_o accustom_a to_o which_o we_o incline_v and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v advert_v how_o the_o servitude_n be_v constitute_v that_o if_o it_o appear_v the_o constituent_n have_v grant_v this_o servitude_n so_o as_o to_o uphold_v it_o or_o if_o by_o custom_n he_o have_v be_v make_v to_o uphold_v it_o not_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o own_o tenement_n but_o of_o the_o dominant_a he_o must_v so_o continue_v and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o personal_a obligation_n but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o servitude_n pass_v with_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n even_o to_o singular_a successor_n but_o if_o it_o appear_v not_o so_o constitute_v it_o will_v import_v no_o more_o than_o a_o tolerance_n to_o lay_v on_o or_o impute_v the_o burden_n of_o the_o dominant_a tenement_n upon_o the_o seruient_fw-fr which_o therefore_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o seruient_fw-fr neither_o can_v hinder_v nor_o prejudge_v but_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o do_v any_o positive_a deed_n by_o reparation_n of_o his_o own_o tenement_n to_o that_o purpose_n but_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o dominant_a tenement_n have_v right_a to_o repair_v it_o for_o his_o own_o use_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o servitude_n and_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n can_v hinder_v it_o yet_o in_o what_o he_o thereby_o advantage_v the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n he_o have_v upon_o the_o owner_n thereof_o the_o obligation_n of_o recompense_n in_o quantum_fw-la lucratus_fw-la if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o within_o burgh_n the_o owner_n of_o the_o inferior_a and_o support_a tenement_n be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v for_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o superior_a tenement_n the_o owner_n whereof_o may_v legal_o enforce_v reparation_n yet_o it_o infer_v not_o this_o to_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o servitude_n but_o a_o positive_a statute_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o burgh_n for_o the_o public_a good_a thereof_o which_o be_v concern_v in_o uphold_v tenement_n but_o main_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v because_o when_o divers_a owner_n have_v part_n of_o the_o same_o tenement_n it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o perfect_a division_n because_o the_o roof_n remain_v roof_n to_o both_o and_o the_o ground_n support_v both_o and_o therefore_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o communion_n there_o be_v mutual_a obligation_n upon_o both_o viz._n that_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o low_a tenement_n must_v uphold_v his_o tenement_n as_o a_o foundation_n to_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o upper_a tenement_n must_v uphold_v his_o tenement_n as_o a_o roof_n and_o cover_n to_o the_o low_a both_o which_o though_o they_o have_v the_o resemblance_n of_o servitude_n and_o pass_v with_o the_o thing_n to_o singular_a successor_n yet_o they_o be_v rather_o personal_a obligation_n such_o as_o pass_v in_o communion_n even_o to_o singular_a successor_n of_o either_o party_n 7._o the_o next_o positive_a city-servitude_n be_v of_o stillicide_n or_o sink_n stillicide_n be_v the_o easing-drop_n which_o fall_v off_o any_o house_n or_o building_n or_o the_o rain_n turn_v off_o a_o tenement_n either_o by_o drop_v or_o by_o spout_n concern_v which_o consider_v what_o may_v be_v do_v free_o without_o any_o servitude_n for_o thereby_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v what_o servitude_n be_v competent_a herein_o the_o main_a question_n be_v whether_o the_o owner_n of_o any_o ground_n may_v build_v house_n or_o building_n close_o to_o the_o march_n of_o his_o own_o ground_n whereby_o his_o easing-drop_n will_v fall_v upon_o his_o neighbour_n ground_n or_o if_o by_o spout_n he_o may_v make_v the_o rain_n that_o fall_v upon_o his_o own_o tenement_n run_v over_o upon_o his_o neighbour_n and_o though_o it_o may_v appear_v from_o that_o common_a rule_n cujus_fw-la est_fw-la solum_fw-la ejus_fw-la est_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la
be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o her_o three_o but_o to_o be_v whole_o out_o of_o the_o defunct_n three_o january_n 12._o 1681._o trotter_n lady_n craigleith_n contra_fw-la rochead_n lady_n prestoungrange_n and_o a_o legacy_n leave_v for_o build_v a_o bridge_n be_v a_o definite_a sum_n the_o executor_n have_v build_v the_o bridge_n with_o less_o expense_n the_o superplus_n be_v apply_v to_o build_v another_o bridge_n in_o the_o same_o shire_n june_n 18._o 1678._o commissary_n of_o berwick_n shire_n contra_fw-la john_n craw._n 43._o legacy_n donation_n in_o contemplation_n of_o death_n or_o deed_n on_o deathbed_n may_v affect_v the_o defunct_n whole_a free_a movable_n debt_n be_v deduce_v except_o only_o as_o to_o the_o relict_n part_n and_o bairn_n part_v which_o be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o a_o assignation_n to_o a_o movable_a sum_n make_v by_o the_o defunct_a on_o deathbed_n july_n 10._o 1628._o cant_n contra_fw-la edgar_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o limitation_n on_o legacy_n will_v easy_o appear_v when_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o relict_n part_n and_o bairn_n part_n shall_v be_v consider_v the_o relict_n part_n of_o her_o husband_n executory_a or_o movable_n have_v its_o rise_n from_o that_o communion_n of_o good_n betwixt_o man_n and_o wife_n stante_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la of_o which_o title_n conjugal_a obligation_n §_o 12._o the_o communion_n of_o good_n betwixt_o husband_n and_o wife_n be_v competent_a ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la without_o contract_n as_o a_o part_n of_o that_o individual_a society_n wherein_o marriage_n consist_v and_o therefore_o by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o marriage_n the_o communion_n be_v dissolve_v so_o that_o if_o the_o husband_n die_v first_o the_o wife_n have_v her_o share_n of_o his_o executory_a and_o if_o the_o wife_n die_v first_o her_o executor_n legatar_n and_o near_a of_o kin_n have_v a_o share_n of_o the_o free_a movable_n the_o husband_n have_v the_o time_n of_o her_o death_n in_o which_o child_n of_o that_o wife_n though_o of_o other_o marriage_n will_v have_v part_n of_o her_o share_n with_o the_o child_n procreate_v betwixt_o the_o present_a husband_n and_o the_o wife_n both_o be_v in_o a_o like_a propinquity_n to_o she_o 44._o the_o bairn_n part_n be_v their_o legittima_n or_o portion_n natural_a so_o call_v because_o it_o flow_v from_o that_o natural_a obligation_n of_o parent_n to_o provide_v for_o their_o child_n which_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o restrain_v the_o parent_n to_o dispose_v of_o any_o part_n of_o his_o mean_n but_o only_o so_o as_o to_o leave_v a_o portion_n thereof_o to_o his_o child_n which_o because_o the_o law_n order_n and_o determin_n it_o be_v call_v the_o legittime_n the_o bairn_n part_n be_v only_o competent_a as_o to_o the_o father_n mean_n and_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o mother_n or_o grandfather_n nor_o be_v extend_v to_o any_o but_o lawful_a child_n neither_o be_v it_o extend_v to_o all_o lawful_a child_n but_o only_o to_o those_o who_o be_v not_o for_o be_v familiat_v and_o it_o carry_v a_o three_o of_o the_o defunct_n free_a movable_n debt_n be_v deduce_v if_o his_o wife_n furvive_v and_o a_o half_n if_o there_o be_v no_o relict_n 45._o but_o here_o the_o question_n arise_v what_o be_v for_o be_v familiation_n whether_o be_v actual_o out_o of_o the_o family_n be_v sufficient_a as_o if_o the_o child_n exercise_v a_o trade_n a_o part_n or_o be_v marry_v without_o the_o father_n consent_n at_o least_o without_o a_o portion_n or_o tocher_n from_o the_o father_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o child_n be_v forisfamiliat_v and_o provide_v by_o the_o father_n albeit_o the_o say_a provision_n be_v not_o accept_v express_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o portion_n natural_a and_o bairn_n part_v or_o whether_o none_o be_v account_v forisfamiliat_v to_o exclude_v they_o from_o the_o bairn_n part_n unless_o they_o discharge_v the_o same_o or_o accept_v a_o provision_n in_o satisfaction_n thereof_o there_o be_v probable_a reason_n for_o all_o the_o three_o part_n but_o the_o main_a doubt_n be_v upon_o the_o last_o two_o whether_o provision_n be_v sufficient_a as_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v give_v and_o accept_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o portion_n natural_a so_o much_o the_o rather_o that_o in_o contract_n of_o marriage_n father_n of_o time_n use_v to_o adject_v a_o clause_n that_o the_o child_n contract_v shall_v be_v a_o bairn_n in_o the_o house_n which_o will_v be_v superfluous_a if_o the_o child_n will_v be_v a_o bairn_n of_o the_o house_n unless_o the_o bairn_n part_n be_v express_o discharge_v and_o therefore_o tocher_n and_o provision_n be_v neither_o express_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o bairn_n part_n nor_o yet_o with_o provision_n that_o that_o child_n shall_v be_v a_o bairn_n in_o the_o house_n must_v be_v hold_v to_o be_v give_v and_o accept_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o portion_n natural_a which_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o decision_n observe_v by_o dury_n february_n 1._o 1622._o janet_n eleis_n have_v pursue_v the_o executor_n of_o umquhil_fw-la patrick_n elei_v her_o father_n for_o her_o share_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o four_o bairn_n in_o the_o say_v patrick_n house_n and_o that_o by_o a_o clause_n in_o her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n with_o john_n smith_n afterward_o prove_v of_o edinburgh_n provide_v she_o to_o be_v portioner_n of_o her_o father_n free_a gear_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o bairn_n provide_v the_o rest_n be_v forisfamiliat_v and_o provide_v likeway_n by_o their_o father_n in_o which_o case_n the_o say_a janet_n be_v find_v to_o have_v her_o share_n albeit_o two_o of_o the_o bairn_n be_v not_o marry_v but_o only_o provide_v whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o lord_n account_v provision_n as_o forisfamiliation_n yet_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n be_v more_o probable_a viz._n that_o nothing_o can_v take_v away_o the_o bairn_n legittime_o unless_o it_o be_v discharge_v and_o that_o a_o presumption_n of_o accept_v a_o tocher_n or_o portion_n in_o satisfaction_n will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a unless_o it_o bear_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o portion_n natural_a and_o bairn_n part_n 1._o because_o the_o legittime_n be_v so_o strong_o found_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o positive_a law_n that_o presumption_n or_o conjecture_n can_v take_v it_o off_o 2._o this_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o we_o follow_v in_o this_o case_n whereby_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o child_n be_v emancipat_v or_o forisfamiliat_v or_o svi_fw-la under_o the_o paternal_a power_n and_o in_o the_o family_n be_v take_v off_o as_o to_o the_o succession_n and_o legittime_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v introduce_v collatio_fw-la bonorum_fw-la whereby_o all_o that_o the_o emancipat_v or_o forisfamiliat_v receive_v from_o their_o father_n must_v fall_v in_o under_o the_o account_n so_o their_o tocher_n gift_n provision_n etc._n etc._n be_v impute_v in_o a_o part_n of_o the_o legittime_n but_o be_v never_o presume_v to_o be_v the_o whole_a unless_o it_o be_v express_v 3._o collatio_fw-la bonorum_fw-la be_v ordinary_a with_o we_o by_o which_o the_o tocher_n of_o the_o marry_a child_n come_v in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o bairn_n part_n which_o can_v not_o take_v place_n if_o those_o tocher_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o bairn_n part_n unless_o the_o clause_n to_o be_v a_o bairn_n in_o the_o house_n be_v express_o add_v which_o be_v so_o find_v february_n 27._o 1627._o janet_n ross_n contra_fw-la marion_n kellie_n where_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v marry_v and_o tocher_v be_v not_o exclude_v from_o the_o bairn_n part_n there_o be_v no_o other_o bairn_n in_o the_o family_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o wife_n in_o the_o family_n and_o so_o the_o executory_a be_v tripartite_a neither_o be_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi make_v to_o bring_v in_o her_o portion_n collatione_fw-la bonorum_fw-la but_o here_o the_o contract_n bear_v that_o the_o tocher_n be_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o that_o daughter_n be_v right_a to_o her_o mother_n three_o who_o be_v her_o father_n first_o wife_n if_o then_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o the_o clause_n to_o be_v a_o bairn_n in_o the_o house_n signify_v nothing_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o clause_n may_v be_v propter_fw-la majorem_fw-la evidentam_fw-la &_o securitatem_fw-la but_o also_o as_o to_o the_o clear_n of_o this_o question_n whether_o that_o clause_n have_v not_o this_o effect_n that_o that_o child_n shall_v not_o only_o come_v in_o to_o have_v a_o share_n of_o the_o portion_n natural_a with_o the_o bairn_n of_o the_o family_n as_o if_o that_o clause_n have_v not_o be_v adject_v but_o the_o child_n have_v come_v in_o only_a provisione_n legis_fw-la in_o which_o case_n the_o child_n forisfomiliat_v behove_v to_o have_v bring_v in_o the_o tocher_n or_o portion_n collatione_fw-la bonorum_fw-la but_o when_o the_o child_n come_v in_o also_o provisione_n hominis_fw-la the_o
of_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o doctor_n acknowledge_v but_o say_v that_o it_o be_v introduce_v by_o the_o law_n against_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o contract_n but_o they_o shall_v rather_o say_v that_o the_o power_n of_o sub-committing_a in_o extrajudicials_n be_v so_o introduce_v it_o be_v true_a the_o reason_n foresay_a fail_n in_o some_o case_n as_o if_o the_o mandate_n be_v of_o a_o nature_n so_o common_a that_o there_o be_v no_o distinction_n of_o the_o fitness_n of_o person_n as_o precept_n of_o seasine_n which_o be_v therefore_o direct_v blank_a that_o any_o person_n name_v indifferent_o may_v be_v fill_v up_o or_o if_o the_o mandate_n be_v so_o general_a that_o it_o can_v be_v all_o perform_v by_o one_o 35._o it_o be_v also_o consequent_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o contract_n that_o it_o be_v ambulatory_a and_o revockable_a at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o mandator_n even_o though_o it_o bear_v a_o definit_a term_n because_o that_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o mandator_n it_o can_v hinder_v he_o cuique_fw-la licet_fw-la juri_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la introducto_fw-la renunciare_fw-la which_o hold_v not_o when_o the_o mandate_n be_v partly_o to_o the_o mandator_n own_o behoof_n for_o then_o the_o interest_n not_o be_v whole_o the_o mandatar_n he_o can_v alter_v the_o time_n agree_v upon_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o mandatar_n yea_o if_o the_o mandate_n be_v whole_o to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o mandatar_n it_o may_v and_o frequent_o be_v irrevockable_a and_o contain_v a_o clause_n de_fw-fr rato_fw-la as_o be_v ordinary_a in_o assignation_n and_o procuratory_n of_o resignation_n and_o precept_n of_o seasine_n bear_v they_o to_o be_v a_o irrevockable_a power_n and_o warrant_n 36._o the_o obligation_n arise_v from_o mandate_n be_v chief_o upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mandatar_n to_o perform_v his_o undertake_n wherein_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o follow_v the_o tenor_n of_o his_o commission_n in_o forma_fw-la specifica_fw-la in_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v special_a and_o express_a wherein_o if_o he_o transgress_v some_o of_o the_o ancient_a lawyer_n deny_v he_o repetition_n of_o his_o expense_n not_o only_o as_o to_o the_o excrescence_n above_o his_o commission_n but_o for_o all_o as_o have_v receive_v commission_n to_o buy_v such_o a_o field_n for_o one_o thousand_o crown_n he_o have_v buy_v it_o for_o one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o he_o shall_v have_v repetition_n of_o nothing_o but_o proculus_n think_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v action_n for_o the_o part_n in_o the_o commission_n which_o as_o the_o more_o benign_a opinion_n justinian_n follow_v l._n sed_fw-la proculus_fw-la 4._o ff_n mandati_fw-la where_o the_o mandate_n be_v not_o special_a it_o must_v be_v perform_v secundum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la boni_fw-la viri_fw-la 37._o as_o to_o the_o diligence_n whereunto_o mandatar_n be_v oblige_v the_o doctor_n be_v of_o divers_a opinion_n the_o law_n incline_v most_o that_o mandatar_n be_v oblige_v for_o the_o exact_a diligence_n and_o for_o the_o light_a fault_n but_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o contract_n mandatar_n see_v their_o undertake_n be_v gratuitous_a they_o ought_v to_o be_v but_o liable_a for_o such_o diligence_n as_o they_o use_v in_o their_o own_o affair_n and_o the_o mandatar_n ought_v to_o impute_v it_o to_o himself_o that_o he_o make_v not_o choice_n of_o a_o more_o diligent_a person_n which_o our_o custom_n follow_v nicol._n mandate_n david_n crawford_n contra_fw-la katherine_n alexander_n and_o a_o commission_n to_o receive_v money_n abroad_o be_v find_v to_o infer_v no_o diligence_n earl_n of_o weims_n contra_fw-la sr._n william_n thomson_n the_o like_a of_o a_o commission_n to_o a_o buyer_n to_o infeft_v the_o seller_n and_o himself_o and_o to_o do_v all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o security_n december_n 16._o 1668._o sir_n alexander_n frazer_n contra_fw-la alexander_n keith_n the_o obligation_n upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mandator_n be_v to_o refound_v to_o the_o mandatar_a his_o damnage_n and_o expense_n and_o to_o keep_v he_o harmless_a but_o this_o extend_v not_o unto_o casual_a damnage_n as_o if_o the_o mandatar_n be_v spoil_v in_o the_o way_n or_o suffer_v shipwreck_n in_o go_v about_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o mandate_n l._n 26._o inter_fw-la causas_fw-la §_o 6._o non_fw-la omne_fw-la ff_n mandati_fw-la but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v limit_v unless_o the_o mandate_n do_v special_o require_v concomitant_a hazard_n as_o if_o a_o mandatar_a be_v send_v through_o a_o place_n where_o there_o be_v force_n of_o enemy_n robber_n or_o pirate_n common_o know_v to_o haunt_v the_o place_n by_o which_o he_o must_v pass_v 38._o to_o come_v unto_o the_o special_a kind_n of_o mandate_n they_o be_v either_o express_a or_o tacit_n to_o one_o mandatar_n or_o more_o general_a or_o special_a to_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o mandatar_n for_o the_o mandator_n behoove_v or_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o mandator_n as_o also_o among_o mandate_n be_v comprehend_v the_o commission_n of_o institor_n and_o exercitor_n and_o all_o precept_n procuratory_n assignation_n and_o delegation_n 39_o a_o tacit_n mandate_n be_v that_o which_o be_v infer_v by_o sign_n and_o be_v not_o express_v by_o word_n as_o he_o who_o be_v present_a and_o suffer_v another_o to_o manage_v his_o affair_n without_o contradiction_n give_v thereby_o a_o tacit_n mandate_n l._n qui_fw-la patitur_fw-la 18._o l._n qui_fw-la fide_fw-la alterius_fw-la 53._o ff_n mandati_fw-la for_o in_o this_o qui_fw-la tacet_fw-la consentire_fw-la videtur_fw-la so_o he_o who_o whisper_v his_o servant_n in_o the_o ear_n if_o he_o immediate_o kill_v or_o wound_v any_o person_n present_a be_v presume_v to_o give_v command_n to_o the_o servant_n so_o to_o do_v if_o there_o be_v capital_a enimity_n betwixt_o he_o and_o that_o person_n before_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o giving_z of_o evident_n or_o write_v yea_o which_o be_v more_o the_o have_v of_o these_o though_o the_o give_v appear_v not_o it_o be_v presume_v to_o constitute_v procurator_n as_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o have_v a_o precept_n of_o seasine_n which_o be_v sufficient_a without_o any_o other_o power_n give_v to_o the_o bailzie_n or_o acturnay_n and_o advocat_n be_v presume_v to_o have_v warrant_n from_o party_n for_o who_o they_o compear_v without_o produce_v any_o mandate_n not_o only_o upon_o production_n of_o the_o party_n evident_n or_o alledgeance_n special_a in_o point_n of_o fact_n which_o if_o want_a the_o compearance_n of_o procurator_n in_o inferior_a court_n be_v hold_v as_o without_o warrant_n and_o the_o decreet_a as_o in_o absence_n but_o even_o without_o these_o if_o advocat_n do_v no_o more_o but_o appear_v and_o take_v a_o day_n to_o produce_v party_n to_o give_v their_o oath_n a_o wife_n have_v her_o husband_n band_n in_o her_o hand_n impignorate_n it_o for_o a_o hundred_o pound_n the_o impignoration_n be_v find_v valide_fw-la against_o the_o husband_n the_o wife_n warrant_n be_v presume_v by_o she_o have_v the_o bond_n february_n 4._o 1665._o paterson_n contra_fw-la pringle_n and_o the_o warrant_n of_o a_o servant_n take_v off_o furniture_n for_o his_o master_n and_o giving_z receipt_n in_o name_n of_o his_o master_n and_o for_o his_o use_n find_v not_o to_o oblige_v the_o servant_n to_o pay_v or_o instruct_v his_o warrant_n which_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v know_v to_o the_o merchant_n unless_o the_o servant_n have_v otherways_o employ_v the_o furnish_n november_n 17._o 1665._o howison_n contra_fw-la cockburn_n and_o a_o warrant_n be_v infer_v by_o the_o presence_n of_o he_o who_o have_v commission_n to_o do_v and_o hinder_v not_o february_n 23._o 1667._o lord_n rentoun_n contra_fw-la lambertoun_n and_o a_o warrant_n of_o a_o factor_n or_o agent_n for_o charge_v and_o denunce_v a_o daughter_n and_o her_o husband_n upon_o a_o bond_n grant_v to_o her_o mother_n be_v presume_v from_o have_v the_o bond_n december_n 23._o 1673._o thomas_n dalmahoy_n contra_fw-la lord_n almond_n 40._o mandate_n give_v to_o more_o person_n may_v be_v either_o to_o each_o or_o some_o of_o they_o several_o by_o divers_a warrant_n or_o to_o more_o by_o the_o same_o warrant_n whereupon_o these_o question_n arise_v first_o when_o there_o be_v many_o mandatar_n joint_o whether_o they_o must_v all_o necessary_o join_v before_o they_o can_v act_n so_o that_o if_o one_o shall_v die_v the_o commission_n be_v void_a or_o whether_o it_o be_v understand_v to_o the_o surviver_n or_o to_o the_o plurality_n of_o they_o second_o whether_o mandatar_n be_v all_o liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la or_o but_o prorata_fw-la as_o to_o the_o first_o question_n if_o many_o mandatar_n be_v constitute_v several_o or_o with_o a_o quorum_n or_o plurality_n express_v there_o be_v no_o debate_n but_o if_o otherwise_o the_o case_n be_v very_o doubtful_a and_o there_o be_v pregnant_a reason_n and_o testimony_n upon_o both_o part_n but_o this_o seem_v to_o prevail_v as_o the_o general_a rule_n that_o mandate_n joint_o give_v
can_v only_o be_v joint_o execute_v first_o because_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o contract_n the_o personal_a and_o singular_a fitness_n and_o industry_n of_o mandatar_n be_v choose_v and_o therefore_o this_o be_v a_o special_a trust_n when_o it_o be_v give_v to_o many_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o constituent_n trust_v they_o all_o joint_o and_o not_o a_o part_n of_o they_o second_o a_o mandate_n give_v to_o ten_o can_v be_v regular_o understand_v give_v to_o any_o lesser_a number_n or_o give_v to_o titius_n seius_n and_o maevius_n that_o it_o be_v give_v to_o any_o two_o of_o they_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o where_o there_o be_v many_o executor_n or_o tutor_n without_o mention_v a_o quorum_n the_o death_n of_o one_o make_v it_o not_o to_o cease_v hope_n executor_n stuart_n contra_fw-la kirkwood_n and_o moor_n or_o the_o death_n or_o non-acceptance_n of_o some_o of_o they_o ibid._n ruthven_n 〈…〉_z contra_fw-la george_n fauside_fw-la contra_fw-la edmonstuon_n and_o therefore_o this_o be_v the_o most_o important_a trust_n the_o like_a must_v hold_v in_o all_o other_o case_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o parity_n hold_v not_o for_o the_o deed_n of_o defunct_n in_o their_o latter_a will_n be_v always_o extend_v that_o the_o act_n may_v stand_v but_o in_o contract_n it_o be_v contrary_a that_o word_n be_v interpret_v more_o strict_o and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o difference_n be_v clear_a that_o a_o mandator_n inter_fw-la vivos_fw-la give_v power_n it_o be_v strict_o to_o be_v interpret_v because_o the_o power_n fail_v return_v from_o the_o mandatar_n to_o the_o mandator_n himself_o but_o a_o power_n give_v by_o a_o defunct_a in_o contemplation_n of_o death_n can_v return_v and_o therefore_o the_o defunct_a be_v presume_v to_o prefer_v all_o the_o person_n nominate_v to_o any_o other_o that_o may_v fall_v by_o course_n of_o law_n but_o this_o rule_n as_o it_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o singularity_n of_o the_o choice_n it_o fail_v and_o must_v be_v limit_v where_o that_o ground_n cease_v and_o be_v preponderat_a as_o first_o if_o the_o deed_n to_o be_v do_v be_v common_a and_o ordinary_a there_o not_o only_o the_o plurality_n but_o any_o of_o the_o mandatar_n will_v suffice_v so_o any_o of_o more_o curator_n may_v authorise_v a_o minor_n second_o if_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v be_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o constituent_a and_o have_v not_o a_o considerable_a hazard_n or_o power_n to_o infer_v his_o disadvantage_n as_o if_o a_o commission_n be_v begin_v to_o many_o of_o thing_n which_o admit_v no_o delay_n it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o any_o part_n of_o the_o mandatar_n and_o they_o will_v have_v actionem_fw-la mandati_fw-la and_o not_o only_a negotiorum_fw-la gestorum_fw-la so_o ambastadour_n send_v to_o solemnize_v a_o marriage_n or_o receive_v a_o crown_n though_o some_o of_o they_o shall_v die_v or_o disassent_v unquestionable_o the_o plurality_n may_v proceed_v but_o it_o will_v not_o be_v so_o in_o a_o treaty_n for_o marriage_n or_o peace_n much_o less_o for_o surrender_v a_o kingdom_n city_n or_o fort_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v always_o be_v think_v that_o a_o plurality_n be_v understand_v though_o not_o express_v three_o in_o case_n necessary_a where_o matter_n may_v not_o be_v delay_v plurality_n be_v always_o understand_v as_o in_o commission_n for_o jurisdiction_n ordinary_a four_o where_o the_o consuetude_n of_o the_o place_n or_o of_o the_o mandator_n himself_o use_v to_o allow_v a_o plurality_n there_o it_o be_v understand_v though_o not_o express_v 41._o as_o to_o the_o other_o question_n where_o more_o mandatar_n be_v constitute_v several_o they_o be_v no_o doubt_n liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la because_o they_o be_v constitute_v in_o solidum_fw-la but_o when_o they_o be_v constitute_v joint_o or_o add_v the_o doubt_n remain_v for_o the_o affirmative_a there_o be_v first_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n l._n creditor_n mandatorem_fw-la §_o duobus_fw-la ff_n mandati_fw-la 42._o second_o albeit_o the_o obligation_n of_o many_o for_o payment_n of_o a_o quantity_n make_v they_o liable_a but_o prorata_fw-la yet_o where_o it_o be_v a_o fact_n they_o be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la and_o so_o tutor_n and_o curator_n be_v liable_a several_o in_o solidum_fw-la but_o executor_n be_v not_o because_o their_o duty_n be_v to_o pay_v secundum_fw-la vires_fw-la lnventarij_fw-la and_o therefore_o in_o rigore_fw-la juris_fw-la mandatar_n be_v malversant_a or_o gross_o negligent_a be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la if_o they_o may_v act_v several_o especial_o in_o act_n indivisible_a 43._o general_a mandate_n do_v occasion_n the_o most_o debate_n in_o this_o contract_n for_o there_o be_v much_o more_o clearness_n where_o the_o mandate_n be_v special_a which_o use_v to_o be_v distinguish_v in_o determinate_a when_o both_o matter_n and_o manner_n be_v special_a and_o indeterminat_fw-la when_o the_o matter_n be_v special_a but_o the_o manner_n be_v not_o specify_v in_o the_o former_a the_o precise_a tenor_n of_o the_o commission_n must_v be_v follow_v and_o yet_o if_o any_o part_n thereof_o be_v or_o become_v unprofitable_a and_o evident_o and_o considerable_o hurtful_a the_o mandatar_n in_o the_o latter_a case_n may_v safe_o and_o in_o the_o former_a case_n must_v necessary_o do_v what_o be_v best_a secundum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la boni_fw-la viri_fw-la and_o must_v do_v the_o like_a in_o all_o indeterminat_fw-la mandate_n but_o the_o great_a question_n be_v how_o far_o general_a mandate_n may_v be_v extend_v and_o in_o what_o case_n they_o be_v not_o effectual_a but_o there_o be_v necessary_o require_v special_a mandate_n which_o refer_v to_o the_o pleasure_n choice_n or_o opinion_n of_o the_o mandatar_n as_o if_o it_o have_v a_o clause_n cum_fw-la libera_fw-la aut_fw-la plena_fw-la administratione_fw-la or_o the_o like_a or_o where_o that_o be_v want_v the_o doctor_n enumerate_v multitude_n of_o case_n whereunto_o general_a mandate_n be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v first_o in_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n no_o general_a mandate_n albeit_o cum_fw-la libera_fw-la &_o be_v sufficient_a because_o the_o affection_n and_o choice_n of_o the_o person_n be_v singular_a and_o incommunicable_a and_o albeit_o abraham_n commission_n for_o eleazar_n to_o take_v a_o wife_n for_o his_o son_n of_o his_o kindred_n be_v valide_fw-la though_o not_o special_a as_o to_o the_o person_n yet_o the_o case_n be_v singular_a there_o be_v so_o few_o family_n that_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n to_o choice_n upon_o but_o recenter_n custom_n require_v it_o to_o be_v special_a even_o as_o to_o the_o person_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o family_n second_o no_o general_a mandate_n though_o cum_fw-la libera_fw-la can_v be_v extend_v to_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v import_v a_o fault_n or_o crime_n three_o no_o general_a mandate_n can_v reach_v to_o donation_n or_o mere_a liberality_n and_o yet_o do_v not_o hinder_v gratification_n for_o service_n do_v or_o upon_o the_o expectation_n that_o the_o receiver_n may_v probable_o be_v induce_v thereby_o to_o do_v matter_n of_o importance_n as_o the_o gift_n of_o ambassador_n or_o general_n be_v not_o only_a valide_fw-la as_o to_z the_o receiver_n but_o as_o to_o the_o mandator_n if_o there_o be_v probable_a reason_n four_o general_a mandate_n extend_v not_o to_o alienation_n of_o immovables_n but_o that_o must_v be_v special_o express_v five_o general_a mandate_n extend_v not_o to_o submission_n or_o transaction_n nor_o to_o insist_v in_o any_o action_n criminal_a or_o famous_a or_o to_o annul_v that_o which_o be_v special_o do_v by_o the_o constituent_a or_o to_o dispose_v of_o that_o which_o be_v special_o reserve_v before_o either_o by_o law_n or_o deed_n as_o regalia_z or_o thing_n peculiar_o reserve_v to_o prince_n six_o a_o special_a mandate_n be_v require_v to_o enter_v any_o party_n heir_n to_o any_o predecessor_n the_o civil_a law_n number_v additionem_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la inter_fw-la actus_fw-la legitimos_fw-la and_o so_o exclude_v even_o a_o special_a mandate_n therein_o but_o our_o custom_n allow_v the_o same_o but_o because_o heir_n be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la to_o all_o the_o predecessor_n debt_n therefore_o a_o special_a mandate_n be_v necessary_a seven_o wherein_o the_o general_a mandate_n some_o thing_n be_v special_o express_v the_o generality_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o case_n of_o great_a importance_n than_o these_o express_v 44._o among_o mandate_n be_v all_o office_n which_o do_v ever_o imply_v a_o condition_n resolutive_a upon_o commit_v fault_n but_o not_o such_o as_o be_v light_a fault_n or_o of_o negligence_n but_o they_o must_v be_v atrocious_a at_o least_o of_o knowledge_n and_o importance_n upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n have_v depose_v their_o town_n clerk_n from_o his_o office_n which_o he_o have_v ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la the_o sentence_n be_v sustain_v if_o the_o fault_n be_v find_v of_o the_o clerk_n knowledge_n and_o of_o importance_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o
equal_o and_o there_o be_v no_o right_n of_o representation_n in_o moveable_n the_o first_o degree_n be_v child_n male_a or_o female_a with_o who_o grandchild_n come_v not_o in_o by_o right_a of_o representation_n in_o place_n of_o their_o defunct_a parent_n so_o child_n have_v a_o interest_n in_o their_o father_n movable_n viz._n their_o bairn_n part_v wherein_o their_o father_n can_v prejudge_v they_o and_o their_o interest_n as_o near_o of_o kin_n whereby_o they_o succeed_v to_o the_o dead_n part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o intestat_fw-la next_o unto_o child_n be_v grandchild_n or_o any_o descendants_n of_o the_o near_a degree_n next_o unto_o these_o be_v brethren_n and_o sister_n wherein_o brethren_n and_o sister_n german_a or_o by_o both_o blood_n exclude_v these_o by_o one_o blood_n next_o unto_o brethren_n and_o sister_n be_v there_o descendants_n in_o the_o near_a degree_n without_o representation_n and_o last_o be_v the_o near_a degree_n of_o agnat_n male_a and_o female_a joint_o without_o representation_n if_o there_o be_v no_o descendants_n or_o agnat_n in_o the_o case_n of_o bastard_n who_o can_v have_v none_o or_o other_o who_o happen_z de_fw-fr facto_fw-la to_o have_v no_o child_n or_o agnat_n their_o good_n become_v caduciary_a and_o be_v confiscate_v to_o the_o king_n as_o last_o heir_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o bastardy_n of_o which_o before_o title_n confiscation_n in_o the_o succession_n of_o movable_n the_o same_o good_n or_o debt_n be_v not_o in_o all_o case_n account_v movable_a since_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1641._o cap._n 32._o whereby_o band_n bear_v annualrent_a which_o before_o in_o all_o respect_n be_v heritable_a by_o the_o destination_n of_o the_o annualrent_a which_o be_v perfect_v by_o infeftment_n be_v a_o immovable_a and_o heritable_a right_n be_v declare_v to_o fall_v under_o executrie_n and_o so_o to_o be_v movable_a and_o yet_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o relict_n and_o fisk_n be_v exclude_v the_o reason_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n be_v because_o the_o obliegment_n upon_o the_o debtor_n to_o pay_v annualrent_a be_v for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o creditor_n and_o not_o a_o destination_n of_o infeftment_n of_o annualrent_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o heir_n to_o exclude_v the_o bairn_n and_o therefore_o such_o clause_n make_v not_o such_o sum_v heritable_a as_o to_o the_o bairn_n and_o near_a of_o kin_n unless_o they_o bear_v a_o obliegment_n to_o infeft_a the_o creditor_n in_o land_n or_o annualrent_a in_o which_o case_n they_o be_v proper_o heritable_a and_o belong_v only_o to_o the_o heir_n but_o if_o not_o the_o same_o belong_v to_o the_o bairn_n and_o near_a of_o kin_n excludendo_fw-la fiscum_fw-la &_o relictam_fw-la whereby_o there_o 〈◊〉_d a_o different_a division_n of_o movable_a sum_n fall_v under_o executrie_n one_o of_o such_o as_o be_v movable_a before_o the_o say_a act_n which_o if_o there_o be_v a_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v divide_v in_o three_o whereof_o the_o bairn_n be_v a_o three_o part_n and_o the_o dead_v part_v a_o three_o another_o in_o the_o testament_n of_o band_n bear_v annualrent_a which_o if_o their_o be_v bairn_n be_v divisible_a in_o two_o part_n whereof_o the_o one_o half_a be_v the_o bairn_n part_n and_o the_o other_o half_a the_o dead_v part_n and_o the_o relict_n have_v no_o part_n be_v exclude_v so_o that_o in_o case_n of_o escheat_n such_o sum_n be_v not_o movable_a nor_o fall_v not_o under_o escheat_n yet_o if_o such_o debt_n become_v simple_o movable_a by_o a_o requisition_n or_o charge_n or_o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o debtor_n or_o creditor_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o annualrent_a or_o otherways_o they_o remain_v in_o the_o ancient_a condition_n and_o the_o statute_n do_v not_o exclude_v the_o fisk_n and_o relict_n but_o where_o a_o charge_n can_v not_o be_v give_v through_o the_o debtor_n or_o creditor_n death_n and_o there_o be_v no_o requisition_n provide_v and_o decreet_a for_o payment_n be_v not_o find_v to_o make_v the_o examine_v meveable_a as_o it_o will_v have_v be_v if_o the_o band_n have_v be_v heritable_a by_o a_o clause_n of_o infeftment_n and_o that_o because_o by_o a_o posterior_n band_n of_o corroboration_n for_o the_o same_o sum_n executor_n be_v exclude_v which_o no_o charge_n nor_o requisition_n do_v alter_v but_o it_o be_v still_o presume_v that_o the_o debtor_n will_v re-imploy_a the_o sum_n in_o the_o same_o way_n to_o his_o heir_n exclude_v executor_n and_o therefore_o a_o process_n and_o decreet_a for_o payment_n be_v not_o find_v to_o make_v it_o movable_a though_o these_o will_v make_v it_o movable_a as_o well_o as_o a_o requisition_n or_o charge_n if_o it_o have_v be_v heritable_a by_o a_o clause_n of_o infeftment_n july_n 12._o 1676._o crystie_n contra_fw-la crystie_n it_o be_v also_o consequent_a from_o the_o say_a statute_n 1._o that_o such_o band_n bear_v clause_n of_o annualrent_a may_v be_v exhaust_v by_o the_o debt_n due_a by_o the_o defunct_a bear_v clause_n of_o annualrent_a 2._o it_o be_v consequent_a that_o the_o executor_n will_v get_v no_o relief_n against_o the_o heir_n of_o debt_n bear_v clause_n of_o annualrent_n without_o clause_n of_o infeftment_n in_o so_o far_o as_o there_o be_v such_o debt_n in_o the_o executry_n but_o the_o heir_n will_v have_v relief_n thereof_o against_o the_o executor_n 3._o it_o follow_v that_o debt_n bear_v clause_n of_o annualrent_n and_o no_o clause_n of_o infeftment_n will_v not_o exhaust_v the_o relic_n part_n because_o as_o she_o be_v exclude_v from_o any_o share_n of_o such_o debt_n due_a to_o her_o husband_n so_o she_o must_v be_v free_a of_o any_o such_o debt_n due_a by_o he_o as_o be_v find_v december_n 23._o 1668._o magaret_n mckenzie_n contra_fw-la robertson_n 25._o succession_n in_o immovable_a and_o heritable_n right_n proceed_v whole_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n for_o succession_n in_o movable_n be_v more_o near_o to_o the_o course_n of_o natural_a succession_n and_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n especial_o their_o ancient_n and_o middle_a law_n but_o the_o sccession_n in_o heritable_a right_n aggrege_v more_o to_o the_o recent_a feudal_n custom_n of_o most_o nation_n whereby_o primogeniture_n be_v establish_v for_o the_o honour_n and_o preservation_n of_o noble_a family_n and_o in_o they_o for_o the_o good_a and_o safety_n of_o their_o king_n and_o country_n 26._o succession_n in_o immovables_n and_o heritable_n do_v main_o differ_v first_o that_o in_o movable_n the_o express_a will_n of_o the_o defunct_a by_o his_o testament_n and_o legacy_n and_o donation_n in_o contemplation_n of_o death_n have_v the_o first_o place_n but_o in_o heritable_a right_n they_o have_v no_o place_n at_o all_o yea_o no_o personal_a contract_n or_o obliegment_n of_o the_o fire_n can_v have_v any_o effect_n in_o prejudice_n of_o his_o heir_n to_o take_v from_o he_o any_o part_n of_o the_o heritage_n direct_o or_o indirect_o by_o legal_a pursuit_n thereupon_o if_o the_o foresay_a personal_n right_o or_o contract_n be_v do_v in_o lecto_fw-la aegretudinis_fw-la upon_o the_o fiar_n deathbed_n and_o though_o the_o same_o disposition_n or_o contract_n be_v make_v in_o the_o fiar_n health_n or_o liege_n pouste_a it_o do_v not_o alter_v the_o succession_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o investiture_n though_o as_o be_v of_o itself_o or_o have_v in_o it_o virtuallie_o a_o personal_a obligation_n it_o may_v by_o process_n compel_v the_o fire_n or_o his_o heir_n to_o denude_v themselves_o and_o to_o obtain_v new_a infeftment_n conform_v thereto_o as_o if_o by_o contract_n any_o party_n may_v be_v provide_v to_o be_v the_o contracter_n heir_n in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n his_o provision_n do_v not_o make_v that_o party_n heir_n in_o any_o right_n whereupon_o infeftment_n have_v follow_v which_o only_o proper_o be_v heritable_a right_n neither_o can_v that_o party_n be_v serve_v heir_n of_o provision_n to_o the_o contracter_n thereupon_o yet_o the_o contracter_n may_v be_v compel_v to_o take_v his_o right_n according_o to_o himself_o and_o these_o heir_n of_o provision_n which_o if_o he_o have_v not_o do_v his_o other_o heir_n may_v be_v compel_v to_o enter_v and_o to_o denude_v themselves_o in_o favour_n of_o that_o party_n provide_v to_o be_v heir_n conform_v to_o the_o contract_n but_o disposition_n obligation_n or_o contract_n of_o any_o heritable_a right_n on_o deathbed_n be_v null_n and_o reduceable_a in_o so_o far_o as_o may_v prejudge_v the_o heir_n 27._o the_o privilege_n of_o heir_n not_o be_v prejudge_v by_o their_o predecessor_n deed_n do_v on_o deathbed_n be_v as_o most_o of_o our_o law_n by_o ancient_a custom_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o not_o by_o statute_n or_o write_v law_n for_o though_o the_o book_n call_v regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la treat_v thereof_o yet_o these_o be_v no_o part_n of_o our_o law_n but_o have_v be_v compyl_v by_o some_o stranger_n who_o have_v not_o full_o know_v our_o
law_n but_o by_o mistake_n have_v resolve_v most_o case_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n especial_o of_o england_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o custom_n may_v be_v conjecture_v not_o only_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o feudal_n right_n not_o disposable_a by_o testament_n but_o only_o by_o investiture_n but_o also_o for_o public_a utility_n because_o person_n on_o deathbed_n be_v weak_a the_o mind_n be_v easy_o affect_v with_o the_o trouble_n of_o the_o body_n and_o so_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o insinuation_n or_o importunity_n to_o do_v deed_n contrary_v their_o interest_n and_o former_a resolution_n especial_o by_o the_o popish_a clergy_n who_o have_v for_o their_o own_o corrupt_a end_n forge_v puragatory_n and_o prayer_n for_o the_o dead_a their_o power_n of_o indulgence_n and_o prayer_n for_o the_o dead_a their_o power_n of_o indulgence_n and_o pardon_n of_o sin_n do_v thereby_o deceive_v the_o christian_a world_n and_o obtain_v upon_o deathbed_n so_o large_a donation_n to_o their_o clergy_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o donator_n lawful_a heir_n which_o therefore_o our_o ancient_a custom_n have_v wise_o provide_v against_o 28._o the_o main_a difficulty_n be_v in_o what_o case_n the_o law_n account_v party_n to_o be_v on_o deathbed_n or_o when_o they_o be_v in_o health_n and_o liege_n poustie_a for_o these_o be_v the_o two_o opposite_a term_n of_o law_n liege_n poustie_a or_o deathbed_n for_o clear_v whereof_o these_o point_n must_v be_v consider_v first_o whether_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o defunct_a before_o the_o deed_n in_o question_n have_v contract_v disease_n or_o become_v sick_a and_o whether_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o condescend_v and_o instruct_v the_o special_a kind_n of_o sickness_n or_o that_o it_o be_v morbus_fw-la sonticus_fw-la or_o a_o disease_n affect_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o brain_n or_o if_o the_o keep_v the_o house_n and_o the_o party_n die_v before_o he_o go_v abroad_o be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v presumptive_a that_o he_o have_v contract_v the_o disease_n whereof_o he_o die_v so_o soon_o as_o he_o keep_v the_o house_n 2._o whether_o a_o contrair_a probation_n of_o the_o party_n be_v in_o health_n be_v sufficient_a in_o that_o he_o be_v of_o a_o sound_a judgement_n and_o memory_n and_o keep_v the_o ordinar_n time_n of_o put_v off_o and_o on_o his_o clothes_n and_o of_o eat_v and_o drink_v as_o when_o he_o be_v in_o health_n or_o write_v securitye_n that_o require_v clearness_n and_o distinctness_n of_o mind_n be_v sufficient_a or_o if_o do_v his_o ordinar_n affair_n make_v bargain_n and_o accompt_n try_v for_o other_o or_o himself_o play_v at_o card_n or_o other_o game_n within_o door_n give_v evidence_n of_o be_v merry_n be_v sufficient_a to_o instruct_v health_n and_o liege_n poustie_n 3._o if_o sickness_n contract_v be_v presume_v or_o prove_v whether_o there_o be_v necessity_n to_o prove_v the_o continuance_n of_o the_o sickness_n till_o death_n or_o that_o the_o defunct_a die_v of_o that_o sickness_n or_o if_o the_o sickness_n once_o contract_v be_v presume_v to_o continue_v unless_o convalescence_n and_o recovery_n of_o health_n be_v prove_v 4._o whether_o liege_n poustie_a by_o convalescence_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o the_o defunct_n go_v to_o kirk_n and_o marcat_fw-la free_o without_o help_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o go_v to_o the_o marcat_fw-la place_n or_o to_o the_o kirk_n though_o there_o be_v no_o convention_n nor_o congregation_n there_o or_o whether_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o go_v to_o kirk_n and_o marcat_fw-la be_v when_o the_o congregation_n be_v convene_v or_o in_o mercat_n time_n 5._o whether_o in_o that_o case_n supportation_n be_v prove_v it_o be_v more_o pregnant_a and_o preferable_a to_o the_o probation_n of_o walk_v free_o and_o be_v what_o act_v supportation_n be_v infer_v whether_o by_o help_v the_o defunct_a by_o his_o oxter_n by_o his_o elbow_n or_o by_o his_o hand_n be_v sufficient_a or_o if_o help_v he_o up_o stair_n or_o down_o stair_n to_o and_o from_o his_o horse_n or_o upon_o a_o ragged_a way_n or_o whether_o be_v help_v by_o a_o staff_n will_v infer_v supportation_n 6._o whether_o go_v free_o to_o kirk_n and_o marcat_fw-la unsupported_a may_v be_v take_v off_o by_o any_o probation_n that_o notwithstanding_o thereof_o the_o sickness_n do_v continue_v whereof_o the_o defunct_a die_v 7._o whether_o convalescence_n and_o liege_n poustie_a may_v be_v prove_v by_o any_o other_o act_n then_o go_v unsupported_a to_o kirk_n and_o mercat_n or_o if_o equivalent_a act_n may_v be_v sufficient_a and_o if_o go_v abroad_o about_o the_o house_n unsupported_a be_v sufficient_a deathbed_n be_v of_o so_o great_a importance_n with_o we_o as_o reach_v the_o estate_n and_o heritage_n of_o party_n that_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v very_o careful_a for_o clear_v and_o fix_v the_o same_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v under_o uncertain_a conjecture_n or_o probation_n and_o whereas_o by_o a_o ordinar_n act_n of_o litiscontestation_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n prove_v his_o reason_n of_o deathbed_n by_o any_o two_o habile_fw-la witness_n or_o the_o defender_n may_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n prove_v the_o go_v abroad_o to_o kirk_n and_o mercat_n or_o act_n equivalent_a in_o defence_n or_o the_o persuer_fw-mi might_n prove_v supportation_n by_o way_n of_o reply_n and_o all_o by_o any_o two_o habile_fw-la witness_n the_o lord_n have_v take_v a_o far_o more_o secure_a sway_n to_o allow_v probation_n to_o be_v adduce_v for_o either_o party_n concern_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o defunct_a as_o to_o sickness_n or_o health_n and_o concern_v his_o go_v abroad_o thereafter_o and_o the_o manner_n thereof_o whereby_o neither_o party_n have_v the_o choice_n of_o the_o witness_n to_o be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o influence_n they_o but_o either_o party_n adduce_v witness_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o one_o unexamined_a who_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o so_o the_o truth_n come_v to_o clear_v and_o evident_a light_n and_o which_o probation_n stand_v in_o place_n of_o litiscontestation_n for_o albeit_o it_o bear_v to_o be_v before_o answer_n to_o the_o relevancie_n and_o that_o after_o the_o probation_n be_v close_v they_o be_v permit_v to_o resume_v the_o debate_n as_o to_o the_o relevancie_n as_o to_o such_o point_n as_o they_o desire_v chief_o to_o be_v notice_v and_o wherein_o they_o do_v believe_v that_o sufficient_a probation_n be_v adduce_v which_o probation_n be_v close_v and_o may_v not_o particular_o be_v debate_v upon_o how_o far_o any_o point_n be_v prove_v which_o be_v only_o proper_a to_o the_o lord_n to_o consider_v with_o close_o door_n yet_o no_o new_a litiscontestation_n can_v be_v make_v or_o any_o new_a fact_n admit_v to_o be_v prove_v after_o the_o probation_n before_o answer_n be_v conclude_v and_o advise_v or_o renounce_v unless_o the_o lord_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la &_o proprio_fw-la motu_fw-la for_o clear_v of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o probation_n that_o remain_v dubrous_a require_v further_o as_o they_o may_v do_v at_o the_o advise_v of_o any_o cause_n even_o upon_o litiscontestation_n as_o be_v find_v upon_o decem._n 5_o and_o 6._o 1672._o clellands_n contra_fw-la clelland_n of_o falskin_n to_o come_v then_o to_o the_o point_n propose_v to_o be_v clear_v for_o the_o first_o point_n whether_o keep_v the_o house_n presume_v sickness_n contract_v or_o if_o sickness_n must_v be_v prove_v and_o what_o kind_n of_o sickness_n albeit_o the_o ordinar_n style_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o reduction_n bear_v thatbefore_n the_o deed_n in_o question_n the_o defunct_a contract_v the_o mortal_a disease_n whereof_o he_o die_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o allege_v or_o instruct_v that_o it_o be_v morbus_fw-la sonticus_fw-la january_n 7._o 1624._o schaw_n contra_fw-la grace_n neither_o that_o the_o defunct_a be_v bed-fast_a when_o the_o deed_n be_v do_v feb._n 1._o 1622._o robertson_n contra_fw-la fleeming_n and_o albeit_o the_o presumption_n of_o the_o contract_n of_o sickness_n from_o his_o keep_n of_o the_o house_n be_v not_o always_o sufficient_a alone_o yet_o it_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n and_o a_o small_a probation_n of_o sickness_n with_o it_o will_v suffice_v otherways_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o keep_v all_o access_n from_o the_o defunct_a of_o indifferent_a person_n that_o may_v prove_v his_o condition_n and_o none_o be_v admit_v but_o contriver_n and_o concurrer_n in_o the_o deed_n and_o therefore_o a_o deed_n do_v be_v a_o man_n enclose_v for_o the_o plague_n be_v find_v reduceable_a as_o do_v on_o deathbed_n as_o be_v do_v after_o the_o defunct_a be_v enclose_v on_o suspicion_n of_o the_o plague_n and_o die_v before_o he_o come_v out_o without_o necessity_n to_o prove_v he_o be_v sick_a or_o infect_v when_o thedeed_o be_v do_v see_v there_o be_v no_o further_a access_n for_o full_a probation_n february_n 23._o 1665._o jack_n contra_fw-la pollock_n and_o