borrow_v upon_o usury_n be_v relative_n and_o therefore_o if_o to_o lend_v upon_o usury_n be_v unlawful_a it_o can_v be_v lawful_a to_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n i_o answer_v as_o before_o that_o relative_n be_v not_o always_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o quality_n for_o to_o offer_v wrong_a and_o to_o suffer_v wrong_a to_o oppress_v and_o to_o be_v oppress_v be_v relative_n and_o such_o relative_n be_v to_o lend_v upon_o usury_n and_o to_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n through_o necessity_n for_o to_o lend_v upon_o usury_n to_o he_o that_o borrow_v for_o urgent_a necessity_n it_o be_v to_o offer_v wrong_a and_o to_o oppress_v therefore_o he_o which_o upon_o necessity_n yield_v to_o pay_v usury_n do_v suffer_v wrong_a and_o be_v oppress_v thus_o therefore_o i_o may_v reason_v from_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n as_o before_o i_o do_v from_o the_o scripture_n to_o suffer_v wrong_n be_v not_o sin_n the_o borrower_n which_o upon_o necessity_n yield_v to_o pay_v usury_n do_v suffer_v wrong_a therefore_o he_o do_v not_o sin_n therein_o the_o proposition_n be_v a_o axiom_n of_o aristotle_n in_o his_o ethic_n where_o prove_v 11._o that_o it_o be_v a_o less_o evil_a to_o suffer_v injury_n than_o to_o offer_v injury_n he_o set_v down_o this_o principle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v wrong_v or_o to_o suffer_v injury_n be_v without_o sin_n and_o unjustice_n 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v that_o just_a deal_n be_v a_o mean_a betwixt_o offer_v injury_n and_o suffer_a wrong_n the_o one_o be_v to_o have_v too_o much_o the_o other_o too_o little_a but_o yet_o say_v he_o justice_n be_v a_o mean_v not_o as_o each_o other_o moral_a virtue_n be_v a_o mean_a betwixt_o two_o contrary_a vice_n but_o as_o a_o mean_a betwixt_o too_o much_o and_o two_o little_a that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o a_o equality_n from_o which_o whosoever_o swerve_v run_v into_o both_o the_o extreme_n for_o where_o too_o much_o be_v give_v to_o the_o one_o too_o little_a be_v give_v to_o the_o other_o as_o for_o example_n the_o usurer_n in_o take_v from_o the_o borrower_n more_o than_o his_o own_o leave_v to_o the_o borrower_n less_o than_o his_o own_o 2._o you_o will_v say_v to_o be_v mere_o oppress_v or_o only_o to_o suffer_v wrong_a we_o grant_v to_o be_v no_o sin_n but_o the_o borrower_n upon_o usury_n willing_o consent_v to_o that_o usury_n which_o be_v impose_v upon_o he_o yea_o he_o intreat_v the_o usurer_n that_o he_o will_v so_o lend_v unto_o he_o and_o therefore_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o his_o own_o harm_n &_o accessary_a to_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o usurer_n i_o answer_v he_o that_o borrow_v upon_o necessity_n with_o such_o caution_n as_o before_o i_o mention_v be_v guilty_a neither_o of_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o for_o first_o in_o respect_n of_o himself_o whereas_o there_o be_v two_o evil_n propound_v unto_o he_o the_o one_o the_o inconvenience_n or_o mischief_n for_o avoid_v whereof_o he_o desire_v to_o borrow_v as_o perhaps_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n the_o other_o the_o loss_n which_o he_o shall_v sustain_v by_o usury_n which_o perhaps_o be_v five_o in_o fifty_o the_o one_o whereof_o he_o must_v needs_o incur_v therefore_o this_o latter_a be_v the_o lesser_a evil_n and_o have_v the_o respect_n of_o a_o good_a or_o eligible_a thing_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o great_a evil_n he_o make_v choice_n thereof_o not_o mind_v or_o desire_v his_o own_o loss_n but_o hope_v to_o redeem_v a_o great_a loss_n with_o a_o less_o and_o yet_o he_o do_v not_o willing_o consent_v to_o the_o payment_n of_o usury_n but_o his_o necessity_n for_o avoid_v a_o great_a evil_n make_v he_o seem_v willing_a to_o that_o whereunto_o he_o be_v simple_o unwilling_a as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o and_o as_o touch_v the_o usurer_n whereas_o the_o borrower_n perceive_v he_o resolute_a to_o run_v into_o one_o of_o these_o two_o sin_n either_o not_o to_o lend_v at_o all_o or_o else_o upon_o usury_n from_o both_o which_o it_o be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n to_o keep_v he_o therefore_o the_o former_a which_o be_v not_o to_o lend_v at_o all_o to_o he_o that_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n be_v desirous_a to_o borrow_v be_v the_o great_a sin_n than_o the_o latter_a which_o be_v to_o lend_v upon_o usury_n his_o desire_n be_v to_o keep_v both_o the_o lender_n from_o the_o great_a sin_n and_o himself_o from_o the_o great_a evil_n why_o but_o you_o will_v say_v if_o the_o borrower_n will_v not_o entreat_v the_o other_o to_o lend_v he_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o fall_v into_o eito_o either_o of_o both_o those_o sin_n i_o answer_v when_o a_o man_n be_v in_o a_o case_n of_o urgent_a necessity_n it_o be_v not_o only_o lawful_a for_o he_o but_o also_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o use_v lawful_a mean_n to_o come_v out_o of_o the_o same_o when_o as_o therefore_o he_o want_v presentmean_n of_o his_o own_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o borrow_v have_v a_o honest_a purpose_n to_o repay_v yea_o and_o to_o desire_v those_o who_o god_n have_v enable_v to_o lend_v unto_o he_o in_o desire_v the_o able_a man_n to_o lend_v thou_o only_o moove_v he_o to_o a_o work_n of_o charity_n and_o liberality_n but_o if_o upon_o this_o motion_n of_o thou_o his_o covetousness_n cause_v he_o to_o sin_n either_o by_o refuse_v to_o lend_v at_o all_o or_o by_o require_v usury_n well_o may_v that_o motion_n as_o many_o other_o good_a and_o lawful_a thing_n be_v be_v a_o occasion_n of_o his_o sin_n but_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n thereof_o but_o his_o own_o covetousness_n and_o the_o hardness_n of_o his_o heart_n and_o thou_o be_v not_o accessary_a to_o his_o sin_n but_o if_o at_o the_o first_o motion_n thou_o intreat_a he_o to_o lend_v with_o promise_n of_o usury_n than_o thou_o induce_v he_o to_o sin_n and_o be_v accessary_a to_o his_o offence_n as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o either_o by_o make_v he_o a_o usurer_n who_o be_v none_o before_o and_o so_o art_n deep_o in_o the_o sin_n than_o he_o or_o at_o least_o by_o induce_v he_o to_o the_o actual_a commit_n of_o usury_n which_o be_v the_o usual_a custom_n of_o borrower_n upon_o usury_n who_o manner_n be_v to_o go_v to_o the_o usurer_n or_o to_o his_o broker_n to_o take_v up_o on_o interest_n as_o they_o call_v it_o so_o much_o money_n as_o they_o desire_v perhaps_o a_o hundred_o pound_n where_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v but_o of_o the_o principal_n for_o the_o other_o be_v presuppose_v bond_n be_v draw_v of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o ten_o pound_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o this_o respect_n alone_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o rest_n the_o most_o borrower_n upon_o usury_n be_v accessary_a to_o the_o sin_n of_o usury_n at_o the_o first_o motion_n therefore_o thou_o may_v not_o offer_v usury_n but_o only_o desire_v to_o borrow_v which_o if_o thy_o need_n require_v thou_o may_v lawful_o do_v but_o what_o if_o the_o covetousness_n of_o the_o party_n who_o be_v able_a and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o lend_v and_o the_o hardness_n of_o his_o heart_n be_v such_o that_o upon_o thy_o motion_n of_o borrow_v he_o will_v either_o require_v usury_n or_o refuse_v to_o lend_v altogether_o in_o the_o former_a case_n if_o thy_o necessity_n be_v such_o that_o thou_o must_v needs_o borrow_v and_o know_v not_o where_o to_o borrow_v free_o elsewhere_o thou_o may_v lawful_o yield_v to_o the_o usury_n impose_v for_o in_o yield_v thou_o keep_v both_o he_o from_o the_o great_a sin_n which_o be_v not_o to_o lend_v at_o all_o and_o thyself_o from_o a_o great_a mischief_n why_o but_o you_o will_v say_v ought_v i_o not_o to_o admonish_v he_o at_o the_o least_o and_o to_o dissuade_v he_o from_o the_o practice_n of_o usury_n see_v my_o yield_a to_o pay_v and_o my_o silence_n in_o not_o reprove_v usury_n may_v argue_v that_o i_o approve_v it_o and_o therefore_o be_o guilty_a thereof_o as_o accessary_a thereto_o i_o answer_v that_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o party_n with_o who_o you_o deal_v for_o if_o the_o party_n be_v tractable_a and_o of_o any_o hope_n that_o christian_a course_n of_o charitable_a admonition_n and_o brotherly_a reproof_n be_v to_o be_v take_v with_o he_o but_o if_o he_o be_v a_o desperate_a sinner_n such_o as_o common_a usurer_n common_o be_v who_o if_o you_o admonish_v or_o reprove_v you_o shall_v not_o profit_v he_o but_o hurt_v yourself_o before_o such_o a_o hog_n the_o precious_a pearl_n of_o christian_a admonition_n and_o brotherly_a reproof_n be_v not_o to_o be_v cast_v 8._o but_o i_o think_v a_o man_n of_o a_o tender_a conscience_n you_o will_v say_v shall_v hardly_o seek_v to_o such_o a_o man_n so_o i_o say_v also_o for_o
full_o and_o more_o learned_o discourse_n of_o this_o controversy_n than_o it_o have_v be_v handle_v by_o other_o man_n of_o great_a read_n and_o ripe_a experience_n yet_o see_v the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o this_o place_n reckon_v abstinence_n from_o usury_n among_o the_o mark_n of_o god_n child_n whereunto_o we_o be_v now_o by_o order_n come_v have_v already_o entreat_v of_o those_o which_o go_v before_o i_o may_v not_o nor_o will_v not_o refuse_v to_o set_v down_o what_o we_o be_v to_o hold_v concern_v this_o controversy_n and_o as_o god_n shall_v enable_v i_o to_o determine_v this_o question_n that_o if_o usury_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o be_v lawful_a and_o warrantable_a by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n the_o usurer_n may_v hereafter_o practice_v it_o in_o faith_n which_o hitherto_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a they_o can_v never_o do_v or_o if_o it_o shall_v appear_v to_o be_v utter_o unlawful_a that_o they_o whole_o abstain_v and_o desist_v from_o the_o practice_n thereof_o as_o ever_o they_o hope_v to_o rest_v in_o the_o mountain_n of_o god_n holiness_n of_o the_o name_n of_o usury_n and_o of_o contract_n in_o general_n usury_n have_v his_o name_n of_o the_o latin_a word_n vsura_fw-la which_o in_o the_o first_o signification_n thereof_o signify_v the_o use_n or_o fruition_n of_o any_o thing_n as_o of_o money_n cic._n 1._o tuscul._n natura_fw-la dedit_fw-la usuram_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la tanquam_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la second_o vsura_fw-la signify_v any_o accession_n addition_n overplus_n or_o increase_n above_o the_o principal_a which_o be_v yield_v to_o the_o creditor_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o use_n of_o money_n lend_v or_o forbear_v or_o of_o any_o thing_n else_o which_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o this_o increase_n be_v either_o voluntary_a or_o exact_v the_o voluntary_a increase_n be_v a_o free_a gift_n gratuity_n or_o reward_n which_o the_o borrower_n or_o debtor_n have_v gain_v by_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o money_n borrow_v voluntary_o and_o free_o give_v to_o the_o lender_n in_o testimony_n of_o his_o thankfulness_n for_o the_o benefit_n receive_v which_o some_o call_n usuram_fw-la or_o foenus_fw-la liberale_fw-mi the_o exact_v increase_n be_v that_o which_o the_o creditor_n demand_v either_o as_o a_o recompense_n of_o some_o loss_n or_o hindrance_n which_o he_o sustain_v through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o borrower_n or_o as_o a_o gain_n covenant_v for_o loan_n the_o former_a be_v call_v vsura_fw-la compensatoria_fw-la recompense_v usury_n or_o interest_n the_o latter_a be_v term_v vsura_fw-la quaestuosa_fw-la or_o foenus_fw-la gainful_a usury_n of_o the_o liberal_a usury_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o thankful_a reward_n or_o gratuity_n as_o also_o of_o the_o recompense_a usury_n or_o interest_n there_o be_v no_o question_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o in_o themselves_o they_o be_v lawful_a but_o of_o the_o gainful_a usury_n be_v all_o the_o controversy_n and_o thus_o the_o latin_a word_n vsura_fw-la be_v distinguish_v the_o english_a word_n usury_n though_o derive_v thence_o yet_o be_v otherwise_o use_v for_o neither_o be_v it_o take_v at_o any_o time_n for_o use_n or_o for_o liberal_a usury_n or_o recompense_a usury_n but_o only_o for_o gainful_a usury_n whereof_o our_o question_n be_v and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v take_v two_o way_n either_o for_o the_o gain_n itself_o covenant_v or_o principal_o intend_v for_o loan_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v proper_o call_v foenus_fw-la or_o for_o the_o contract_n itself_o of_o lend_v for_o gain_n which_o proper_o be_v call_v foeneratio_fw-la of_o the_o contract_n the_o holy_a ghost_n speak_v in_o this_o place_n whereby_o a_o man_n give_v or_o put_v forth_o his_o money_n to_o usury_n whereas_o therefore_o usury_n be_v a_o contract_n let_v we_o brief_o distinguish_v those_o contract_n which_o concern_v the_o alienation_n or_o permutation_n of_o good_n that_o it_o may_v the_o better_o appear_v what_o kind_n of_o contract_n it_o be_v for_o such_o contract_n be_v either_o for_o the_o perpetual_a alienation_n of_o good_n or_o but_o for_o a_o time_n the_o perpetual_a alienation_n if_o it_o be_v liberal_a and_o free_a be_v give_v if_o for_o recompense_n then_o be_v it_o a_o commutation_n either_o of_o ware_n for_o ware_n which_o be_v call_v barterie_n or_o of_o money_n for_o money_n which_o be_v call_v exchange_n or_o of_o ware_n for_o money_n which_o be_v sell_v or_o of_o money_n for_o ware_n which_o be_v buy_v the_o alienation_n which_o be_v but_o for_o a_o time_n be_v either_o of_o the_o use_n only_o or_o of_o the_o property_n also_o that_o which_o be_v of_o the_o use_n only_o if_o it_o be_v liberal_a and_o free_a be_v call_v commodation_n or_o lend_v to_o use_v if_o for_o recompense_n or_o hire_v then_o be_v it_o call_v location_n or_o let_v to_o hire_v that_o which_o be_v not_o only_o of_o the_o use_n but_o of_o the_o property_n also_o if_o it_o be_v liberal_a and_o free_a it_o be_v call_v mutuation_n or_o lend_v to_o spend_v if_o illiberal_a and_o for_o gain_n it_o be_v call_v usury_n what_o usury_n be_v wherefore_o the_o contract_n of_o usury_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o illiberal_a mutuation_n and_o may_v thus_o brief_o be_v define_v usury_n be_v mutuation_n or_o lend_v for_o gain_n this_o brief_a definition_n do_v full_o set_v forth_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o usury_n and_o sufficient_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o contract_n whatsoever_o for_o first_o i_o say_v it_o be_v mutuation_n or_o lend_v wherein_o all_o learned_a man_n almost_o whether_o they_o write_v for_o usury_n or_o against_o it_o usha_v do_v agree_v in_o solo_fw-la mutuo_fw-la say_v one_o vero_fw-la vel_fw-la interpretativo_fw-la consistit_fw-la usura_fw-la secundum_fw-la omnes_fw-la doctores_fw-la that_o be_v usury_n according_a to_o all_o the_o doctor_n consist_v only_o in_o loan_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o bare_a contract_n of_o loan_n or_o else_o cloak_v under_o some_o other_o contract_n which_o may_v be_v resolve_v or_o reduce_v unto_o loan_n 8._o likewise_o car._n molinaeus_n the_o chief_a patron_n of_o usury_n it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o all_o say_v he_o that_o usury_n proper_o be_v not_o commit_v but_o in_o loan_n and_o again_o loan_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o usury_n mutuum_fw-la which_o be_v also_o presuppose_a in_o the_o scripture_n exod._n 22._o 25_o if_o thou_o lend_v money_n to_o my_o people_n namely_o and_o especial_o to_o the_o poor_a with_o thou_o thou_o shall_v not_o be_v as_o a_o exactor_n or_o as_o a_o usurer_n unto_o he_o you_o shall_v not_o impose_v usury_n upon_o he_o and_o the_o same_o if_o need_n be_v may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o other_o relative_a which_o be_v borrow_v for_o lend_v and_o borrow_v be_v relative_n and_o if_o he_o which_o take_v up_o money_n upon_o usury_n be_v a_o borrower_n than_o he_o that_o give_v or_o put_v it_o forth_o unto_o usury_n be_v a_o lender_n the_o contract_n therefore_o of_o usury_n be_v a_o contract_n of_o lend_v and_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o a_o contract_n of_o lend_v either_o plain_o or_o covert_o that_o be_v not_o a_o contract_n of_o usury_n now_o in_o the_o contract_n of_o mutuation_n or_o lend_v diverse_a thing_n concur_v which_o also_o belong_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o usury_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o consist_v in_o quantity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o number_n weight_n or_o measure_n as_o money_n and_o victual_n corn_n wine_n oil_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v particular_o mention_v deut._n 23._o 19_o levit._n 25._o 37._o neh._n 5._o 11._o 2._o and_o therefore_o be_v alienation_n not_o only_o of_o the_o use_n but_o also_o of_o the_o property_n from_o which_o the_o use_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n can_v be_v sever_v 3._o as_o the_o property_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o borrower_n so_o the_o borrower_n stand_v to_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o thing_n borrow_v 4._o that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o perpetual_a alienation_n of_o that_o which_o be_v lend_v but_o for_o a_o time_n which_o time_n be_v expire_v the_o borrower_n be_v bind_v to_o restore_v the_o principal_a 5._o because_o the_o thing_n borrow_v be_v to_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n therefore_o the_o borrower_n be_v bind_v not_o to_o restore_v the_o selfsame_o particular_a which_o he_o borrow_v but_o so_o much_o in_o the_o same_o kind_a or_o of_o the_o same_o value_n 6._o it_o belong_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o lend_v that_o it_o be_v free_a and_o liberal_a but_o herein_o usury_n pervert_v the_o contract_n of_o lend_v be_v illiberal_a and_o for_o gain_n for_o usury_n be_v a_o contract_n of_o lend_v wherein_o the_o creditor_n or_o lender_n require_v of_o the_o borrower_n not_o only_o the_o principal_a in_o the_o equivalent_a or_o full_a value_n thereof_o but_o also_o a_o overplus_n or_o
requiritur_fw-la quam_fw-la datur_fw-la it_o be_v usury_n when_o more_o be_v require_v than_o be_v lend_v augustine_n go_v further_a 36._o if_o thou_o say_v he_o have_v lend_v money_n to_o any_o man_n of_o who_o thou_o look_v to_o receive_v more_o than_o thou_o give_v not_o money_n alone_o but_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o thou_o give_v whether_o it_o be_v wheat_n or_o wine_n or_o oil_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o if_o thou_o expect_v to_o receive_v more_o than_o thou_o give_v thou_o be_v a_o usurer_n upon_o which_o testimony_n gratian_n conclude_v behold_v it_o be_v evident_o declare_v that_o whosoever_o for_o loan_n be_v exact_v above_o the_o principal_a 18._o it_o be_v usury_n lactantius_n also_o speak_v of_o usury_n say_v to_o receive_v more_o than_o thou_o give_v it_o be_v unjust_a and_o afterward_o add_v that_o a_o justman_n will_v not_o defile_v himself_o with_o such_o gain_n likewise_o all_o increase_n whatsoever_o require_v for_o loan_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o be_v account_v usury_n last_o the_o common_a lawyer_n be_v of_o the_o same_o judgement_n for_o glanuile_n who_o be_v lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n in_o the_o day_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o teach_v that_o usury_n be_v commit_v when_o a_o man_n have_v lend_v any_o thing_n that_o do_v consist_v upon_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n do_v take_v any_o thing_n over_o and_o above_o his_o loan_n lib._n 10._o cap._n 3._o and_o thus_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o usury_n be_v express_v in_o this_o definition_n let_v we_o now_o see_v how_o by_o this_o definition_n usury_n be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o contract_n and_o also_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v some_o affinity_n therewith_o for_o of_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o speak_v it_o be_v therefore_o distinguish_v i._o from_o all_o liberal_a contract_n as_o that_o of_o donation_n or_o free_a gift_n of_o mutuation_n or_o free_a lend_v to_o spend_v of_o commodation_n or_o free_a lend_v to_o use_v because_o they_o be_v free_a and_o liberal_a but_o usury_n be_v illiberal_a and_o for_o gain_n 2._o from_o all_o lawful_a buy_n because_o in_o buy_v there_o be_v a_o perpetual_a alienation_n of_o money_n in_o usury_n but_o for_o a_o time_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o contract_n of_o buy_v &_o sell_v the_o seller_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o restore_v the_o money_n again_o but_o in_o the_o contract_n of_o usury_n be_v a_o contract_n of_o mutuation_n or_o loan_n the_o debtor_n be_v bind_v after_o a_o time_n to_o restore_v the_o money_n again_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o contract_n of_o buy_v rent_n whether_o for_o ever_o or_o for_o a_o man_n life_n wherein_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a bargain_n and_o sale_n and_o a_o perpetual_a alienation_n of_o the_o principal_a howsoever_o there_o may_v be_v injustice_n therein_o if_o equality_n be_v not_o observe_v yet_o be_v it_o not_o usury_n for_o the_o subject_n of_o usury_n be_v loan_n and_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o loan_n the_o borrower_n undertake_v after_o a_o time_n to_o repay_v the_o principal_a 3._o from_o lawful_a location_n or_o let_v to_o hire_v which_o be_v the_o rather_o to_o be_v observe_v because_o some_o imagine_v that_o money_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n may_v as_o well_o be_v let_v as_o other_o thing_n but_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n betwixt_o usury_n and_o the_o lawful_a contract_n of_o location_n or_o let_v and_o first_o they_o differ_v in_o the_o subject_n so_o that_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n can_v be_v let_v namely_o to_o that_o use_n for_o which_o they_o be_v lend_v and_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v let_v can_v be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n usury_n be_v in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o consist_v in_o quantity_n stand_v in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n location_n be_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v not_o spend_v in_o the_o use_n neither_o stand_v in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n the_o subject_n of_o usury_n be_v such_o thing_n as_o have_v no_o fruitful_a use_n in_o themselves_o but_o the_o gain_n which_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v by_o employment_n of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o industry_n and_o skill_n of_o the_o imployer_n the_o subject_n of_o location_n have_v a_o fruitful_a use_n in_o themselves_o natural_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n lend_v upon_o usury_n can_v be_v sever_v or_o reckon_v apart_o from_o the_o property_n and_o dominion_n because_o they_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o therefore_o if_o you_o use_v they_o you_o spend_v they_o the_o fruitful_a use_n of_o thing_n lend_v may_v be_v sever_v and_o reckon_v apart_o and_o be_v valuable_a by_o itself_o as_o of_o land_n good_n house_n etc._n etc._n which_o remain_v in_o the_o use_n unspent_a in_o the_o contract_n of_o loan_n whether_o free_a or_o upon_o usury_n the_o lender_n grant_v to_o the_o borrower_n not_o only_o the_o use_n but_o also_o the_o property_n of_o the_o thing_n lend_v from_o which_o the_o use_n of_o that_o which_o we_o lend_v to_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n can_v be_v sever_v hence_o it_o be_v call_v mutuum_fw-la because_o by_o lend_v it_o be_v make_v ex_fw-la meo_fw-la tuum_fw-la in_o the_o contract_n of_o location_n the_o letter_n grant_v to_o he_o that_o take_v to_o hire_v the_o use_n only_o of_o the_o thing_n retain_v the_o property_n to_o himself_o because_o that_o which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o loan_n and_o usury_n be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o be_v lend_v to_o be_v spend_v therefore_o the_o borrower_n be_v bind_v to_o restore_v not_o the_o same_o particular_a which_o he_o borrow_v but_o so_o much_o in_o quantity_n or_o full_a value_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n without_o any_o impair_n or_o diminution_n because_o that_o which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o commodity_n and_o location_n be_v lend_v &_o let_v not_o to_o be_v spend_v but_o only_o to_o be_v use_v therefore_o he_o that_o take_v the_o same_o to_o use_v be_v bind_v to_o restore_v the_o self_n same_o particular_a which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v impair_v and_o make_v worse_o in_o the_o use_n as_o in_o mutuation_n and_o usury_n the_o property_n be_v translate_v to_o the_o borrower_n so_o with_o the_o property_n also_o the_o hazard_n whole_o appertain_v to_o the_o borrower_n for_o the_o very_a contract_n of_o mutuation_n include_v in_o it_o a_o obligation_n bind_v the_o borrower_n that_o whatsoever_o become_v of_o this_o particular_a which_o he_o borrow_v he_o shall_v restore_v the_o full_a value_n thereof_o at_o the_o day_n appoint_v in_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o borrower_n make_v promise_v either_o by_o word_n or_o writing_n enter_v into_o bond_n and_o statute_n lay_v his_o good_n to_o pawn_n or_o his_o land_n to_o mortgage_n give_v surety_n to_o assure_v and_o secure_v the_o creditor_n for_o the_o principal_a as_o in_o location_n the_o use_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o hire_a but_o the_o letter_n retain_v the_o property_n so_o the_o peril_n and_o hazard_n of_o the_o thing_n if_o it_o shall_v miscarry_v without_o the_o default_n of_o the_o hire_a belong_v to_o the_o letter_n and_o not_o to_o the_o hire_a because_o it_o come_v for_o his_o hire_n exod._n 22._o 14._o and_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n to_o who_o the_o hazard_n appertain_v to_o he_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n belong_v to_o conclude_v therefore_o thing_n that_o stand_v in_o quantity_n in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n as_o money_n meat_n and_o drink_v wine_n oil_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v lend_v to_o be_v spend_v non_fw-la cadunt_fw-la in_o commodâ—tum_fw-la aut_fw-la locatum_fw-la they_o can_v be_v let_v for_o in_o such_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o contract_n of_o location_n the_o property_n with_o the_o use_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o borrower_n and_o he_o become_v owner_n for_o the_o time_n thereof_o neither_o be_v there_o in_o such_o thing_n themselves_o any_o fruitful_a use_n which_o be_v valuable_a by_o itself_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n but_o if_o there_o arise_v any_o gain_n it_o be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o skill_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o borrower_n who_o be_v the_o owner_n for_o the_o time_n of_o that_o which_o he_o borrow_v neither_o be_v he_o to_o restore_v the_o same_o particular_a impair_v by_o the_o use_n but_o the_o full_a value_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n with_o better_a rather_o than_o worse_a neither_o do_v the_o lender_n but_o the_o borrower_n stand_v whole_o to_o the_o hazard_n and_o peril_n and_o therefore_o the_o let_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v not_o lettable_a be_v nothing_o but_o mere_a usury_n under_o another_o name_n indeed_o if_o such_o thing_n as_o stand_v in_o quantity_n as_o money_n and_o such_o like_a be_v not_o lend_v to_o be_v spend_v
interest_n which_o as_o they_o say_v may_v be_v covenant_v for_o proratione_fw-la temporis_fw-la according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o time_n which_o they_o call_v interusurium_fw-la and_o confess_v it_o to_o be_v call_v in_o the_o law_n usurious_a interest_n hotoman_n yet_o those_o of_o sound_a judgement_n do_v hold_v that_o interest_n be_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v nisi_fw-la post_fw-la moram_fw-la but_o after_o delay_n for_o grant_v interusurium_fw-la or_o successive_a interest_n as_o they_o call_v it_o to_o be_v lawful_a then_o can_v you_o not_o but_o allow_v of_o all_o usury_n for_o first_o interest_n be_v to_o be_v measure_v not_o ex_fw-la parte_fw-la debitoris_fw-la but_o ex_fw-la parte_fw-la creditoris_fw-la and_o therefore_o no_o respect_n be_v have_v therein_o whether_o the_o debtor_n do_v gain_v thereby_o but_o only_o whether_o the_o forbear_n of_o the_o money_n be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o the_o creditor_n or_o not_o and_o second_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o man_n to_o agree_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o time_n for_o so_o much_o gain_v as_o the_o law_n permit_v every_o lender_n may_v pretend_v that_o by_o the_o forbear_n of_o his_o money_n he_o shall_v be_v so_o much_o at_o the_o least_o damnify_v &_o therefore_o may_v covenant_n for_o so_o much_o at_o the_o least_o by_o way_n of_o interest_n notwithstanding_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o in_o some_o case_n a_o man_n lawful_o require_v and_o take_v interest_n though_o the_o borrower_n have_v not_o make_v delay_n as_o namely_o when_o by_o the_o borrower_n authority_n or_o otherwise_o the_o creditor_n who_o can_v without_o his_o loss_n or_o certain_a hindrance_n of_o some_o just_a and_o lawful_a gain_n forbear_v his_o money_n be_v as_o it_o be_v force_v to_o lend_v to_o a_o man_n who_o estate_n or_o ability_n be_v such_o that_o he_o may_v better_o undertake_v to_o save_v the_o lender_n harmless_a than_o the_o lender_n may_v want_v his_o money_n provide_v always_o that_o it_o be_v true_a interest_n in_o respect_n either_o of_o certain_a loss_n to_o be_v incur_v by_o want_n of_o the_o money_n or_o of_o certain_a hindrance_n of_o just_a and_o lawful_a gain_n to_o be_v sustain_v for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o borrower_n be_v the_o effectual_a cause_n of_o the_o lender_n hindrance_n or_o loss_n and_o be_v better_a able_a to_o bear_v that_o imposition_n of_o interest_n than_o the_o lender_n be_v to_o forbear_v his_o money_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o lender_n may_v by_o require_v interest_n provide_v for_o his_o own_o indemnity_n we_o have_v hear_v two_o distinction_n of_o usury_n the_o three_o and_o last_o remain_v viz._n that_o usury_n be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_v the_o simple_a wheu_o usury_n of_o the_o principal_a only_o be_v exact_v compound_v when_o usury_n not_o only_o of_o the_o principal_n be_v require_v but_o of_o usury_n also_o and_o be_v therefore_o call_v usury_n of_o usury_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d aristoph_n nub._n 5._o as_o for_o example_n when_o a_o man_n have_v lend_v a_o hundred_o pound_n for_o a_o twelvemonth_n after_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o be_v content_a for_o a_o second_o year_n to_o forbear_v both_o the_o principal_a and_o usury_n there_o be_v due_a to_o he_o the_o first_o year_n by_o simple_a usury_n a_o hundred_o and_o ten_o pound_n but_o the_o second_o year_n by_o usury_n of_o usury_n conceditur_fw-la a_o hundred_o and_o one_o and_o twenty_o pound_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o usury_n of_o usury_n be_v ever_o condemn_v it_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a practice_n of_o usurer_n to_o join_v the_o former_a year_n usury_n unto_o the_o principal_a and_o so_o anew_o to_o covenant_n for_o the_o usury_n of_o the_o whole_a sum_n which_o contract_n of_o the_o grecian_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o of_o tully_n renovatiâ—_n fanoris_fw-la renew_v of_o usury_n we_o have_v show_v what_o usury_n be_v and_o how_o many_o way_n it_o be_v committeâ—â—ow_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o quality_n of_o it_o viz._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a or_o not_o for_o this_o the_o covetousness_n of_o these_o time_n have_v make_v a_o controversy_n which_o in_o former_a age_n be_v never_o doubt_v of_o but_o not_o to_o hold_v you_o long_o in_o suspense_n i_o will_v in_o this_o short_a assertion_n determine_v what_o we_o be_v to_o hold_v concern_v this_o question_n which_o assertion_n i_o will_v afterward_o not_o only_o prove_v by_o testimony_n of_o scripture_n and_o by_o other_o argument_n but_o also_o defend_v and_o maintain_v against_o the_o objection_n of_o those_o who_o hold_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n my_o assertion_n therefore_o be_v this_o that_o all_o usury_n which_o i_o have_v define_v to_o be_v mutuation_n or_o lend_v for_o gain_n whether_o it_o be_v mental_a or_o actual_a whether_o manifest_a or_o covert_n whether_o simple_a or_o compound_n be_v simple_o and_o in_o it_o own_o nature_n utter_o unlawful_a howsoever_o some_o usury_n be_v worse_a than_o other_o according_a either_o to_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o borrower_n or_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o usury_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o law_n of_o god_n which_o in_o three_o place_n forbid_v usury_n viz._n exod._n 22._o 25._o levit._n 25._o 35_o 36._o deut._n 23._o 19_o against_o which_o place_n the_o patroness_n of_o usury_n bring_v many_o exception_n which_o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n shall_v be_v refute_v but_o i_o will_v chief_o insist_v on_o that_o place_n of_o deuteronomie_n 19_o thou_o shall_v not_o lend_v upon_o usury_n to_o thy_o brother_n the_o usury_n of_o money_n the_o usury_n of_o meat_n the_o usury_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n that_o be_v thou_o shall_v not_o lend_v for_o gain_v to_o thy_o brother_n neither_o money_n nor_o meat_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o which_o consist_v in_o quantity_n as_o in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n and_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o wherein_o usury_n be_v usual_o commit_v against_o these_o allegation_n there_o be_v diverse_a exception_n take_v as_o first_o concern_v the_o word_n whereby_o usury_n be_v signify_v in_o the_o scripture_n for_o in_o that_o place_n of_o deuteronomie_n and_o in_o this_o psalm_n not_o all_o usury_n say_v they_o be_v forbid_v but_o neshek_n that_o be_v morsurie_n or_o bite_a usury_n which_o bit_v and_o damnifi_v the_o neighbour_n for_o there_o be_v say_v they_o a_o certain_a toothless_a or_o not_o bite_v usury_n which_o do_v not_o hurt_v but_o help_v the_o neighbour_n but_o i_o have_v show_v before_o that_o neshek_n be_v the_o common_a and_o ordinary_a name_n whereby_o all_o usury_n be_v signify_v in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n and_o therefore_o this_o word_n do_v not_o distinguish_v one_o kind_n of_o usury_n from_o another_o but_o in_o general_n signify_v that_o all_o usury_n be_v bite_v and_o in_o like_a sort_n he_o which_o dare_v for_o gain_v be_v call_v masshik_n and_o he_o which_o take_v up_o upon_o usury_n though_o for_o his_o gain_n be_v call_v nashuk_n the_o money_n which_o be_v lend_v for_o gain_n be_v call_v noshek_n that_o be_v which_o bit_v as_o appear_v evident_o by_o this_o text_n because_o when_o it_o be_v repay_v it_o bit_v and_o as_o it_o be_v gnaw_v away_o some_o part_n of_o the_o borrower_n substance_n for_o a_o overplus_n or_o gain_n to_o the_o creditor_n which_o be_v call_v neshek_n as_o it_o be_v the_o bit_n so_o that_o all_o usury_n in_o it_o own_o nature_n be_v bite_v because_o it_o bit_v or_o shr_v away_o some_o of_o the_o borrower_n substance_n and_o although_o perhaps_o the_o borrower_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o wealth_n feel_v not_o this_o bite_n or_o else_o lick_v himself_o whole_a by_o bite_v of_o other_o yet_o usury_n be_v a_o gain_n which_o be_v bite_v and_o shred_v away_o from_o the_o borower_n and_o that_o either_o to_o his_o loss_n or_o as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v show_v to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n who_o common_a profit_n in_o all_o contract_n be_v especial_o to_o be_v regard_v second_o i_o have_v show_v before_o that_o neshek_n be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o other_o word_n tarbith_n and_o marbith_n whereby_o any_o gain_n or_o clear_a increase_n above_o the_o principal_n require_v for_o loan_n be_v signify_v and_o therefore_o the_o least_o gain_n require_v for_o loan_n be_v neshek_n and_o condemn_v for_o usury_n in_o the_o scripture_n as_o levit._n 25._o 36_o thou_o shall_v not_o take_v of_o he_o usury_n or_o increase_n which_o the_o old_a latin_a translation_n read_v thus_o thou_o shall_v not_o take_v usury_n of_o he_o nor_o more_o than_o thou_o give_v and_o vers_fw-la 37_o thou_o shall_v not_o lend_v he_o thy_o money_n upon_o usury_n nor_o thy_o victual_n for_o increase_n that_o be_v as_o ambrose_n read_v in_o amplius_fw-la recipiendum_fw-la to_o receive_v more_o upon_o which_o word_n he_o say_v have_v sententia_fw-la
his_o loss_n and_o therefore_o i_o ought_v not_o to_o make_v a_o absolute_a covenant_n for_o gain_n whether_o he_o gain_v or_o loose_v but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v lawful_a sometime_o to_o receive_v thing_n voluntary_o give_v which_o it_o be_v utter_o unlawful_a to_o covenant_n for_o beforehand_o many_o thing_n be_v honest_o receive_v which_o can_v honest_o be_v demand_v and_o much_o less_o by_o covenant_n be_v exact_v it_o be_v lawful_a in_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o private_a man_n when_o the_o magistrate_n have_v do_v they_o justice_n and_o defend_v they_o from_o wrong_n in_o testimony_n of_o their_o love_n and_o thankfulness_n to_o bring_v they_o some_o present_a in_o the_o church_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o minister_n have_v be_v free_o prefer_v by_o their_o patroness_n to_o give_v they_o some_o gratuity_n in_o token_n of_o their_o love_n and_o thankfulness_n and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o magistrate_n and_o patron_n to_o accept_v of_o such_o gratuity_n the_o magistrate_n have_v intend_v justice_n and_o not_o respect_v reward_n and_o the_o patron_n have_v regard_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o discharge_n of_o his_o duty_n in_o prefer_v a_o worthy_a man_n but_o if_o the_o magistrate_n shall_v covenant_n with_o the_o private_a man_n to_o do_v he_o justice_n for_o reward_n it_o be_v the_o detestable_a sin_n of_o bribery_n and_o sell_v of_o justice_n and_o if_o the_o patron_n shall_v indent_v with_o the_o minister_n for_o reward_n it_o be_v the_o sacrilegious_a sin_n of_o simony_n in_o like_a case_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o creditor_n who_o have_v intend_v the_o help_n of_o his_o brother_n and_o not_o his_o own_o profit_n by_o free_a loan_n to_o accept_v from_o the_o borrower_n a_o gratuity_n in_o testimony_n of_o his_o love_n and_o thankfulness_n but_o if_o he_o shall_v beforehand_o covenant_n with_o he_o therefore_o it_o be_v the_o damnable_a sin_n of_o usury_n and_o whereas_o they_o add_v that_o we_o may_v make_v such_o a_o covenant_n so_o we_o provide_v for_o the_o borrower_n indemnity_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o contract_n of_o actual_a usury_n include_v a_o absolute_a covenant_n for_o gain_n provide_v for_o the_o lender_n certain_a gain_n as_o well_o out_o of_o the_o borrower_n loss_n as_o out_o of_o his_o gain_n which_o be_v most_o unequal_a and_o unconscionable_a thus_o have_v i_o prove_v usury_n to_o be_v a_o unjust_a and_o unequal_a thing_n whereupon_o do_v follow_v the_o proof_n of_o the_o second_o point_n that_o it_o be_v also_o a_o uncharitable_a thing_n for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o justice_n there_o can_v be_v no_o charity_n but_o my_o meaning_n be_v to_o prove_v that_o as_o it_o be_v a_o unjust_a and_o unequal_a thing_n in_o itself_o so_o it_o be_v a_o hurtful_a thing_n to_o our_o neighbour_n and_o this_o i_o will_v prove_v first_o in_o general_n for_o usury_n as_o it_o be_v a_o illiberal_a so_o also_o a_o uncharitable_a lend_n not_o only_o pervert_v and_o deprave_v but_o also_o evert_v and_o extinguish_v that_o most_o necessary_a act_n and_o duty_n of_o charity_n and_o liberality_n that_o be_v to_o say_v free_a lend_n and_o consequent_o be_v most_o hurtful_a and_o pernicious_a both_o to_o private_a man_n in_o particular_a and_o to_o humane_a society_n in_o general_n now_o this_o be_v a_o principle_n that_o whatsoever_o pervert_v &_o overturn_v a_o act_n of_o virtue_n especial_o such_o a_o necessary_a act_n to_o humane_a society_n it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o vice_n but_o a_o detestable_a vice_n for_o nothing_o be_v opposite_a to_o virtue_n but_o vice_n as_o for_o free_a lend_n it_o be_v a_o commendable_a act_n of_o liberality_n and_o a_o necessary_a duty_n of_o charity_n there_o be_v two_o act_n of_o liberality_n dono_fw-la dare_v &_o mutuo_fw-la dare_v basil._n to_o give_v free_o and_o to_o lend_v free_o and_o this_o latter_a whereby_o one_o man_n do_v supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o another_o be_v so_o necessary_a that_o humane_a society_n can_v stand_v without_o it_o usury_n have_v step_v into_o the_o room_n of_o free_a lend_n you_o shall_v hear_v usurer_n and_o patron_n of_o usury_n not_o ashamed_a to_o say_v that_o commonwealth_n can_v stand_v without_o usury_n without_o lend_v indeed_o they_o can_v but_o without_o usury_n they_o both_o might_n and_o aught_o and_o sure_o if_o lend_v be_v take_v away_o necessity_n will_v drive_v many_o man_n into_o desperate_a course_n as_o the_o syriack_n interpreter_n understand_v that_o speech_n of_o our_o saviour_n luke_n 6._o 35_o lend_v cause_v no_o man_n to_o despair_v but_o usury_n pervert_v and_o deprave_v this_o necessary_a act_n of_o liberality_n and_o charity_n turn_v it_o unto_o a_o act_n of_o selfelove_n covetousness_n and_o cruelty_n for_o whereas_o by_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n lend_v be_v free_a and_o charitable_a intend_v the_o good_a of_o the_o borrower_n and_o not_o of_o the_o lender_n usury_n have_v make_v it_o illiberal_a and_o uncharitable_a intend_v the_o lender_n profit_n chief_o if_o not_o only_o and_o seek_v yea_o covenanting_a for_o the_o lender_n gain_n as_o well_o out_o of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o borrower_n as_o out_o of_o his_o gain_n the_o property_n of_o charity_n be_v not_o to_o seek_v she_o own_o 24._o but_o the_o good_a of_o other_o and_o whereas_o other_o virtue_n serve_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o subject_n wherein_o they_o be_v the_o act_n of_o charity_n and_o liberality_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o good_a of_o other_o lend_v therefore_o be_v a_o act_n of_o liberality_n and_o charity_n aught_o to_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o the_o borrower_n if_o not_o only_o yet_o chief_o but_o lend_v by_o usury_n be_v make_v a_o act_n of_o selfelove_n wherein_o the_o good_a of_o the_o borrower_n be_v seek_v either_o not_o at_o all_o or_o but_o in_o a_o secondary_a respect_n as_o it_o serve_v to_o further_o the_o lender_n gain_n for_o indeed_o the_o lender_n by_o usury_n covenant_v absolute_o for_o gain_n which_o happen_v sometime_o out_o of_o the_o borrower_n loss_n and_o sometime_o also_o out_o of_o his_o gain_n which_o the_o usurer_n will_v pretend_v to_o seek_v and_o respect_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v he_o will_v never_o look_v after_o his_o neighbour_n profit_n unless_o therein_o he_o may_v be_v sure_a to_o find_v his_o own_o gain_n the_o usurer_n lend_v therefore_o be_v a_o act_n of_o selfelove_n and_o it_o be_v also_o a_o act_n of_o covetousness_n for_o whereas_o lend_v proceed_v from_o one_o of_o these_o three_o fountain_n either_o from_o christian_a charity_n or_o from_o civil_a love_n and_o humanity_n or_o from_o covetousness_n he_o be_v say_v to_o lend_v in_o christian_a charity_n who_o dare_v for_o the_o lord_n sake_n to_o his_o needy_a neighbour_n look_v for_o nothing_o again_o in_o civil_a charity_n or_o courtesy_n who_o dare_v to_o pleasure_v his_o friend_n look_v for_o his_o own_o again_o in_o covetousness_n who_o look_v for_o more_o than_o his_o own_o for_o indeed_o what_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v covetousness_n but_o a_o unlawful_a desire_n of_o have_v more_o if_o any_o man_n object_n that_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n i_o condemn_v all_o gain_n which_o man_n do_v seek_v after_o by_o other_o contract_n i_o answer_v that_o in_o the_o lawful_a contract_n of_o negotiation_n a_o man_n may_v as_o well_o seek_v his_o own_o profit_n as_o another_o man_n for_o therefore_o they_o be_v ordain_v that_o by_o the_o mutual_a communication_n of_o thing_n upon_o equal_a condition_n both_o party_n may_v be_v mutual_o profit_v and_o moreover_o the_o gain_n which_o be_v get_v by_o they_o may_v well_o stand_v with_o that_o equality_n which_o in_o commutative_a justice_n be_v require_v but_o lend_v be_v not_o ordain_v to_o be_v a_o contract_n of_o negotiation_n but_o a_o act_n of_o charity_n and_o liberality_n wherein_o the_o lender_n shall_v not_o respect_v his_o own_o gain_n but_o the_o borrower_n good_a and_o the_o gain_n which_o be_v seek_v for_o by_o lend_v do_v not_o nor_o can_v stand_v with_o equality_n and_o justice_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v before_o whereas_o therefore_o lend_v be_v ordain_v of_o god_n to_o be_v a_o contract_n whereby_o the_o lender_n shall_v seek_v the_o good_a of_o the_o borrower_n without_o respect_n of_o his_o own_o profit_n so_o far_o shall_v he_o be_v from_o do_v wrong_a therein_o the_o usurer_n have_v make_v lend_v a_o contract_n wherein_o he_o seek_v for_o his_o own_o gain_n not_o only_o uncharitable_o without_o respect_n of_o the_o borrower_n either_o profit_n or_o loss_n but_o also_o unjust_o seek_v gain_n where_o he_o bear_v no_o hazard_n and_o take_v another_o man_n good_n without_o his_o good_a will_n last_o whereas_o lend_v be_v a_o act_n of_o bounty_n and_o mercy_n as_o the_o psalmist_n say_v 5._o a_o good_a man_n be_v merciful_a and_o dare_v usury_n
lawful_a and_o good_a to_o lend_v to_o the_o rich_a with_o a_o just_a increase_n as_o to_o give_v or_o lend_v free_o to_o the_o poor_a and_o that_o the_o like_a opposite_a blessing_n of_o plenteousness_n equal_o belong_v to_o both_o as_o if_o solomon_n have_v also_o say_v he_o that_o give_v to_o the_o poor_a free_o and_o cheerful_o and_o dare_v to_o the_o rich_a to_o increase_v himself_o shall_v undoubted_o attain_v to_o great_a riches_n thus_o you_o see_v how_o a_o partial_a and_o prejudicate_v mind_n seek_v rather_o to_o draw_v the_o scripture_n to_o itself_o than_o to_o conform_v itself_o to_o the_o scripture_n this_o proverbial_a sentence_n be_v diverse_o expound_v the_o most_o of_o they_o that_o i_o have_v see_v expound_v the_o latter_a clause_n as_o a_o punishment_n of_o the_o former_a as_o if_o this_o be_v the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o this_o proverb_n that_o he_o which_o seek_v to_o enrich_v himself_o by_o oppress_v the_o needy_a shall_v contrary_a to_o his_o expectation_n either_o by_o bribe_n give_v to_o magistrate_n that_o he_o may_v escape_v the_o punishment_n which_o by_o the_o law_n belong_v unto_o he_o or_o else_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o good_n into_o great_a man_n hand_n fall_v into_o poverty_n other_o observe_v here_o to_o be_v note_v two_o practice_n of_o worldly_a man_n which_o they_o read_v copulative_o that_o be_v to_o take_v from_o the_o poor_a and_o to_o give_v to_o the_o rich_a both_o of_o they_o in_o their_o intent_n and_o purpose_n refer_v to_o the_o enrich_n of_o themselves_o but_o by_o the_o just_a providence_n of_o god_n so_o dispose_v that_o in_o the_o event_n they_o tend_v to_o their_o impoverishment_n as_o if_o solomon_n have_v say_v he_o that_o take_v from_o the_o poor_a to_o enrich_v himself_o and_o give_v to_o the_o rich_a that_o from_o they_o he_o may_v receive_v great_a benefit_n which_o common_o be_v the_o end_n of_o gift_n give_v to_o great_a man_n shall_v by_o the_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n come_v to_o poverty_n or_o as_o one_o understand_v this_o proverb_n he_o that_o oppress_v the_o poor_a to_o enrich_v himself_o also_o who_o give_v to_o the_o rich_a small_a thing_n that_o he_o may_v receive_v from_o he_o great_a matter_n and_o that_o he_o may_v do_v it_o oppress_v the_o poor_a in_o the_o mean_a while_n that_o he_o may_v have_v to_o give_v to_o the_o rich_a he_o shall_v sure_o come_v to_o poverty_n but_o suppose_v the_o holy_a ghost_n do_v here_o match_v these_o two_o as_o equal_a sin_n to_o take_v from_o the_o poor_a and_o to_o give_v to_o the_o rich_a yet_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o general_o to_o be_v understand_v either_o as_o a_o sin_n in_o itself_o as_o though_o it_o be_v simple_o unlawful_a to_o give_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o rich_a or_o as_o great_a a_o sin_n as_o to_o lend_v upon_o usury_n to_o the_o poor_a but_o with_o limitation_n to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v give_v to_o the_o rich_a be_v unjust_o take_v or_o uncharitable_o withhold_v from_o the_o poor_a howsoever_o it_o be_v the_o holy_a ghost_n do_v not_o speak_v here_o of_o lend_v at_o all_o and_o therefore_o those_o two_o collection_n from_o hence_o be_v absurd_a and_o impudent_a either_o that_o lend_v free_o to_o the_o rich_a be_v as_o great_a a_o sin_n as_o lend_v upon_o usury_n to_o the_o poor_a or_o that_o lend_v upon_o usury_n to_o the_o rich_a be_v as_o good_a a_o thing_n in_o his_o kind_n as_o lend_v free_o to_o the_o poor_a which_o wicked_a and_o shameless_a assertion_n of_o this_o patron_n of_o usury_n i_o wish_v may_v be_v a_o admonition_n both_o to_o other_o that_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o same_o cause_n that_o through_o the_o partiality_n of_o their_o affection_n they_o run_v not_o into_o the_o like_a extremity_n and_o also_o to_o usurer_n that_o they_o rely_v not_o much_o upon_o such_o patron_n nor_o hazard_v their_o salvation_n upon_o their_o credit_n who_o be_v now_o grow_v to_o this_o pass_n as_o to_o call_v virtue_n vice_n and_o vice_n virtue_n will_v a_o man_n think_v it_o credible_a that_o a_o christian_a man_n have_v knowledge_n and_o learning_n join_v with_o a_o profession_n of_o the_o truth_n shall_v ever_o conceive_v and_o much_o less_o commit_v to_o writing_n that_o to_o lend_v free_o to_o the_o rich_a be_v as_o great_a a_o fault_n as_o to_o lend_v upon_o usury_n to_o the_o poor_a and_o to_o lend_v upon_o usury_n to_o the_o rich_a as_o lawful_a and_o good_a a_o thing_n as_o to_o lend_v free_o to_o the_o poor_a o_o tempora_fw-la â—o_z mores_z in_o which_o it_o be_v a_o sin_n not_o to_o be_v a_o usurer_n and_o a_o virtue_n not_o to_o be_v liberal_a friendly_a courteous_a or_o civil_a in_o which_o religion_n be_v make_v to_o countenance_n usury_n for_o a_o virtue_n and_o to_o condemn_v liberality_n and_o humanity_n for_o a_o vice_n four_o they_o allege_v jer._n 15._o 10._o i_o neither_o lend_v upon_o usury_n neither_o have_v they_o lend_v i_o upon_o usury_n whence_o they_o gather_v that_o lend_v upon_o usury_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n and_o both_o of_o they_o be_v there_o mention_v as_o indifferent_a thing_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o prophet_n speak_v not_o of_o lend_v upon_o usury_n or_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n though_o some_o translation_n so_o read_v but_o of_o lend_v upon_o security_n or_o with_o purpose_n to_o exact_v that_o which_o be_v lend_v and_o this_o signification_n better_o fit_v the_o purpose_n of_o the_o prophet_n which_o be_v to_o show_v the_o contentious_a disposition_n of_o the_o people_n who_o contend_v with_o he_o when_o he_o have_v give_v they_o not_o only_o no_o cause_n as_o he_o have_v do_v if_o he_o have_v be_v a_o usurer_n but_o none_o occasion_n of_o curse_a contention_n for_o he_o have_v forbear_v all_o worldly_a though_o otherwise_o lawful_a contract_v from_o whence_o many_o time_n contention_n arise_v among_o man_n as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v i_o do_v neither_o meddle_v nor_o make_v with_o they_o in_o worldly_a affair_n neither_o buy_v nor_o sell_v neither_o borrow_v nor_o lend_v and_o yet_o they_o contend_v or_o if_o the_o prophet_n have_v speak_v of_o usury_n in_o this_o place_n it_o will_v serve_v rather_o for_o the_o condemnation_n of_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n which_o in_o many_o case_n be_v unlawful_a than_o for_o justification_n of_o lend_v upon_o usury_n which_o in_o no_o case_n be_v lawful_a the_o prophet_n disclaim_v the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o as_o cause_n or_o at_o the_o lest_o as_o occasion_n of_o contention_n and_o these_o with_o some_o few_o other_o before_o confute_v be_v all_o their_o allegation_n out_o of_o the_o old_a testament_n let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o new_a for_o as_o some_o of_o they_o say_v it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o the_o apostle_n of_o christ_n in_o their_o sundry_a catalogue_n of_o sin_n do_v never_o once_o make_v mention_n of_o usury_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_a especial_o see_v in_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o which_o they_o live_v it_o be_v common_o exercise_v even_o unto_o twelve_o in_o the_o hundred_o as_o also_o among_o the_o jew_n to_o who_o james_n peter_n and_o john_n do_v write_v i_o answer_v first_o although_o it_o be_v not_o forbid_v by_o name_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n yet_o that_o prove_v it_o not_o to_o be_v lawful_a a_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o one_o part_n of_o the_o scripture_n negative_o do_v not_o hold_v it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o it_o be_v forbid_v in_o the_o old_a testament_n and_o namely_o in_o the_o moral_a law_n of_o god_n which_o be_v common_a and_o perpetual_a and_o far_o be_v it_o from_o we_o to_o think_v that_o christ_n in_o his_o gospel_n allow_v any_o sin_n which_o be_v forbid_v in_o the_o moral_a law_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v usury_n to_o be_v again_o there_o be_v many_o other_o sin_n forbid_v in_o the_o moral_a law_n which_o be_v not_o once_o mètion_v in_o the_o new_a testament_n for_o to_o seek_v no_o further_o bite_v and_o gripe_a usury_n be_v condemn_v in_o the_o moral_a law_n and_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o the_o confession_n of_o all_o simple_o and_o utter_o unlawful_a and_o yet_o thereof_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v in_o all_o the_o new_a testament_n and_o therefore_o if_o this_o argument_n be_v good_a no_o usury_n at_o all_o be_v it_o never_o so_o immoderate_a or_o excessive_a be_v unlawful_a second_o i_o answer_v that_o usury_n be_v forbid_v and_o condemn_v in_o the_o new_a testament_n not_o indeed_o express_o and_o by_o name_n neither_o be_v that_o needful_a for_o many_o thing_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o scripture_n which_o be_v not_o express_o mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n there_o be_v i_o doubt_v not_o some_o sin_n condemn_v in_o the_o moral_a
occasion_n of_o contention_n which_o he_o prove_v by_o these_o two_o particular_n of_o lend_v and_o borrow_v whether_o free_o or_o upon_o usury_n which_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a occasion_n of_o suit_n and_o contention_n among_o man_n therefore_o the_o prophet_n meaning_n be_v not_o to_o profess_v that_o he_o have_v do_v no_o unlawful_a thing_n but_o that_o he_o have_v give_v the_o contentious_a people_n no_o occasion_n of_o contention_n but_o what_o if_o the_o prophet_n speak_v not_o of_o usury_n at_o all_o in_o this_o place_n as_o indeed_o he_o do_v not_o but_o only_o of_o civil_a lend_n upon_o security_n that_o be_v when_o a_o man_n dare_v with_o purpose_n to_o exact_v again_o that_o which_o he_o dare_v the_o verb_n nashah_n which_o here_o be_v use_v as_o heretofore_o i_o have_v show_v signify_v in_o this_o argument_n exact_v that_o which_o a_o man_n have_v lend_v or_o lend_v with_o purpose_n to_o exact_v that_o which_o be_v lend_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o necessity_n that_o we_o shall_v understand_v the_o word_n in_o any_o place_n where_o it_o be_v use_v in_o the_o scripture_n of_o lend_v upon_o usury_n howbeit_o the_o word_n nosheh_n which_o signify_v a_o exactor_n sometime_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o usurer_n because_o he_o of_o all_o creditor_n be_v the_o great_a exactor_n and_o because_o the_o usurer_n above_o all_o other_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o lend_v upon_o security_n purpose_v to_o exact_v not_o only_o their_o own_o but_o also_o a_o overplus_n therefore_o some_o translatour_n understand_v the_o word_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o but_o to_o exact_v or_o to_o lend_v with_o purpose_n to_o exact_v of_o usurious_a lend_n thus_o r._n david_n kimhi_n understand_v this_o place_n of_o lend_v in_o general_n radic_n thus_o tremellius_n and_o junius_n translate_v 〈◊〉_d non_fw-la dedi_fw-la mutuum_fw-la neque_fw-la mutuo_fw-la dederunt_fw-la mihi_fw-la or_o as_o some_o understand_v the_o place_n i_o be_o not_o in_o debt_n to_o they_o nor_o they_o to_o i_o neither_o ought_v that_o to_o trouble_v any_o that_o the_o latin_a translation_n have_v the_o word_n foenerare_fw-la or_o other_o latin_a author_n that_o follow_v it_o for_o both_o in_o it_o and_o they_o the_o word_n foenerare_fw-la be_v often_o use_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o free_a lend_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o place_n deut._n 15._o 6._o &_o 28._o 12._o 44._o prou._n 19_o 17._o &_o 22._o 7._o lavah_n where_o the_o hebrew_n text_n and_o other_o translation_n have_v those_o word_n which_o signify_v free_a lend_n as_o also_o luke_n 6._o 34_o likewise_o ecclesiast_n 29._o 1._o 2._o out_o of_o which_o place_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o as_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o greek_a author_n so_o foenerare_fw-la and_o foenerari_fw-la in_o latin_a translation_n which_o also_o may_v be_v say_v of_o divine_n who_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a be_v more_o often_o use_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o free_a lend_n than_o of_o lend_v upon_o usury_n and_o even_o in_o this_o place_n where_o the_o prophet_n say_v non_fw-la foeneravi_fw-la according_a to_o the_o latin_a lyâ—anus_n expound_v it_o thus_o i._o non_fw-la commodavi_fw-la i_o have_v not_o lend_v but_o you_o will_v say_v where_o nashah_n be_v construe_v with_o the_o preposition_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o in_o this_o place_n it_o signify_v lend_v upon_o usury_n no_o such_o matter_n indeed_o some_o hebrew_n writer_n have_v imagine_v that_o nashah_n simple_o signify_v to_o borrow_v but_o with_o the_o preposition_n to_o lend_v and_o so_o expound_v and_o read_v this_o place_n i_o have_v not_o borrow_v neither_o have_v they_o lend_v to_o i_o that_o be_v i_o neither_o seek_v to_o borrow_v of_o they_o neither_o do_v they_o lend_v to_o i_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o nashah_n signify_v to_o lend_v and_o where_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v add_v it_o be_v a_o note_n as_o the_o english_a to_o of_o the_o dative_n case_n have_v reference_n to_o the_o party_n which_o borrow_v bahem_n as_o nehem._n 5._o 10._o i_o and_o my_o brethren_n say_v nehemiah_n lend_v to_o they_o money_n and_o corn_n unless_o we_o will_v with_o my_o aforesaid_a english_a author_n absurd_o affirm_v that_o nehemiah_n and_o his_o follower_n do_v lend_v to_o their_o needy_a brethren_n upon_o usury_n or_o if_o i_o will_v in_o like_a sort_n urge_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n noshâ—h_v which_o be_v more_o often_o use_v to_o signify_v a_o usurer_n than_o the_o verb_n nashah_n to_o lend_v upon_o usury_n i_o may_v bring_v a_o manifest_a example_n out_o of_o the_o scripture_n of_o a_o man_n which_o fear_v god_n to_o prove_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n which_o the_o prophet_n elisha_n be_v so_o far_o from_o condemn_v that_o he_o help_v the_o widow_n of_o that_o party_n by_o miracle_n to_o pay_v her_o debt_n and_o as_o the_o greek_a translation_n have_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o usury_n 2._o king_n 4._o 1._o 7._o the_o place_n therefore_o in_o jeremie_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v read_v i_o haâ—e_v not_o lend_v mean_v the_o civil_a kind_n of_o lend_v upon_o security_n for_o so_o much_o the_o word_n signify_v neither_o have_v they_o lend_v to_o i_o and_o therefore_o as_o i_o have_v no_o cause_n to_o contend_v with_o they_o beside_o the_o duty_n of_o my_o call_n in_o strive_v against_o their_o sin_n so_o neither_o have_v i_o give_v they_o any_o occasion_n to_o contend_v with_o i_o and_o yet_o i_o be_o a_o man_n of_o contention_n and_o strife_n to_o the_o whole_a land_n which_o may_v be_v understand_v both_o active_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o opinion_n of_o he_o and_o passive_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o behaviour_n towards_o he_o and_o every_o one_o do_v curse_v i_o and_o as_o this_o translation_n do_v best_a express_v the_o force_n of_o the_o hebrew_n text_n so_o do_v it_o best_o fit_v the_o scope_n and_o purpose_n of_o the_o prophet_n which_o be_v to_o show_v the_o untoward_a disposition_n and_o contentious_a behaviour_n of_o the_o people_n towards_o he_o who_o when_o as_o he_o neither_o contend_v with_o they_o about_o any_o worldly_a affair_n nor_o yet_o give_v they_o any_o occasion_n to_o contend_v with_o he_o he_o have_v neither_o lend_v nor_o borrow_v he_o do_v neither_o meddle_v nor_o make_v in_o any_o worldly_a deal_n or_o traffic_n with_o they_o from_o which_o contention_n usual_o arise_v among_o man_n yet_o they_o contend_v with_o he_o and_o judge_v he_o a_o contentious_a man_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n curse_v he_o but_o the_o signification_n of_o usury_n be_v not_o so_o fit_a for_o the_o prophet_n meaning_n as_o i_o say_v to_o set_v forth_o their_o untoward_a and_o contentious_a behaviour_n towards_o he_o will_v signify_v that_o he_o have_v give_v they_o not_o only_o no_o cause_n but_o not_o so_o much_o as_o any_o occasion_n of_o contention_n and_o hatred_n for_o although_o he_o have_v not_o deal_v by_o usury_n with_o they_o nor_o any_o way_n wrong_v they_o but_o yet_o have_v otherwise_o intermedle_v with_o they_o by_o civil_a lend_n and_o borrow_v or_o other_o worldly_a affair_n they_o may_v have_v have_v though_o no_o just_a cause_n yet_o diverse_a occasion_n of_o contend_v with_o he_o neither_o be_v usury_n so_o usual_a among_o the_o jew_n as_o that_o he_o shall_v mention_v it_o as_o the_o usual_a and_o ordinary_a cause_n of_o contention_n among_o they_o and_o thus_o much_o i_o hope_v may_v suffice_v for_o answer_v to_o that_o allegation_n out_o of_o jer._n 15._o 10._o the_o other_o testimony_n be_v out_o of_o isaiah_n 24._o 2_o where_o the_o prophet_n have_v these_o word_n as_o some_o translation_n read_v like_a lender_n like_o borrower_n like_o giver_n like_o taker_n to_o usury_n but_o this_o allegation_n though_o it_o do_v speak_v of_o lend_v and_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n as_o i_o have_v show_v there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o grant_v so_o much_o see_v the_o word_n may_v thus_o be_v read_v the_o exactor_n as_o he_o of_o who_o he_o do_v exact_a yet_o it_o will_v prove_v nothing_o concern_v this_o controversy_n for_o there_o the_o lord_n threaten_v such_o a_o confusion_n of_o all_o estate_n and_o overturning_a of_o the_o commonweal_n that_o all_o man_n of_o dignity_n and_o ability_n be_v bereave_v of_o that_o which_o they_o have_v and_o so_o make_v equal_a with_o they_o of_o low_a degree_n and_o poor_a estate_n the_o people_n shall_v be_v as_o the_o priest_n the_o servant_n as_o the_o master_n the_o handmaid_n as_o the_o mistress_n the_o buyer_n as_o the_o seller_n the_o lender_n as_o the_o borrower_n the_o exactor_n or_o usurer_n as_o he_o of_o who_o he_o exact_v and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o scripture_n now_o let_v we_o consider_v what_o other_o reason_n may_v be_v allege_v against_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n 1._o as_o first_o that_o lend_v and_o