master_n of_o a_o family_n not_o still_o but_o that_o any_o man_n be_v except_v from_o this_o duty_n who_o be_v take_v himself_o to_o a_o chaste_a single_a life_n find_v his_o constitution_n accommodate_v thereto_o and_o that_o he_o be_v capable_a in_o that_o rather_o than_o in_o the_o marry_a state_n to_o be_v useful_a to_o mankind_n or_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n especial_o also_o if_o the_o case_n be_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o the_o want_n of_o people_n between_o those_o who_o be_v about_o to_o contract_n iu._n matrimonial_a contract_n take_v upon_o themselves_o the_o marry_a state_n a_o contract_n ought_v and_o be_v wont_a to_o intervene_v which_o if_o it_o be_v regular_a and_o perfect_a consist_v of_o these_o head_n first_o because_o the_o man_n to_o who_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o both_o sex_n that_o the_o contract_n shall_v owe_v its_o original_a intend_v hereby_o to_o get_v to_o himself_o child_n of_o his_o own_o not_o spurious_a or_o supposititious_a therefore_o the_o woman_n ought_v to_o plight_v her_o troth_n to_o the_o man_n that_o she_o will_v permit_v the_o use_n of_o her_o body_n to_o no_o other_o man_n but_o to_o he_o the_o same_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v require_v of_o the_o husband_n and_o second_o since_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o flat_o contrary_a to_o a_o social_n and_o civil_a life_n than_o a_o vagabond_n desultory_n and_o changeable_a way_n of_o live_v without_o any_o home_n or_o certain_a seat_n of_o his_o fortune_n and_o since_o the_o education_n of_o that_o which_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o both_o be_v most_o convenient_o take_v care_n of_o by_o the_o joint_a help_n of_o both_o parent_n together_o and_o whereas_o continual_a cohabitation_n bring_v more_o of_o pleasure_n and_o comfort_n to_o a_o couple_n who_o be_v well_o match_v whereby_o also_o the_o husband_n may_v have_v the_o great_a assurance_n of_o his_o wife_n chastity_n therefore_o the_o wife_n do_v moreover_o engage_v her_o faith_n to_o her_o husband_n that_o she_o will_v always_o cohabit_v with_o he_o and_o join_v herself_o in_o the_o strict_a bond_n of_o society_n and_o become_v of_o the_o same_o family_n with_o he_o and_o this_o mutual_a promise_n must_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v make_v from_o the_o husband_n to_o she_o of_o the_o like_a cohabitation_n the_o nature_n of_o this_o state_n so_o require_v but_o because_o it_o be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o natural_a condition_n of_o both_o sex_n that_o the_o case_n of_o the_o husband_n shall_v be_v the_o more_o honourable_a of_o the_o two_o but_o that_o he_o shall_v also_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o family_n of_o which_o himself_o be_v the_o author_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o wife_n ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o his_o direction_n in_o matter_n relate_v to_o their_o mutual_a state_n and_o to_o their_o household_n hence_o it_o be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o husband_n to_o choose_v his_o habitation_n and_o she_o may_v not_o against_o he_o will_v wander_v abroad_o or_o lodge_v apart_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v essential_o necessary_a to_o matrimony_n that_o the_o man_n shall_v have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n or_o of_o inflict_v any_o grievous_a punishment_n as_o neither_o of_o dispose_v at_o his_o pleasure_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n or_o good_n of_o his_o wife_n but_o these_o point_n may_v be_v settle_v between_o the_o marry_a couple_n by_o peculiar_a agreement_n or_o by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o place_n now_o though_o it_o be_v manifest_o repugnant_a woman_n v._o one_o man_n and_o one_o woman_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o one_o woman_n shall_v have_v more_o man_n than_o one_o at_o once_o yet_o it_o obtain_v among_o the_o jew_n of_o old_a and_o many_o other_o nation_n that_o one_o man_n may_v have_v two_o or_o more_o wife_n nevertheless_o let_v we_o allow_v never_o so_o little_a weight_n to_o argument_n bring_v from_o the_o primitive_a institution_n of_o marriage_n deliver_v in_o holy_a writ_n yet_o it_o will_v appear_v from_o right_a reason_n that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o decent_a and_o fit_a for_o one_o man_n to_o be_v content_a with_o one_o woman_n which_o have_v be_v approve_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o the_o christian_n through_o the_o world_n that_o we_o know_v of_o for_o so_o many_o age_n nor_o do_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o strict_a perpetual_a vi_o contract_n perpetual_a union_n tell_v we_o less_o plain_o that_o the_o bond_n of_o matrimony_n ought_v to_o be_v perpetual_a and_o not_o to_o be_v unloose_v but_o by_o the_o death_n of_o one_o party_n except_o the_o essential_a article_n of_o the_o principal_a matrimonial_a covenant_n be_v violate_v either_o by_o adultery_n or_o a_o wicked_a and_o dishonest_a desertion_n but_o for_o ill_a disposition_n which_o have_v not_o the_o same_o effect_n with_o such_o lewd_a desertion_n it_o have_v obtain_v among_o christian_n that_o a_o separation_n from_o bed_n and_o board_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a without_o allow_v any_o engagement_n in_o a_o new_a wedlock_n and_o one_o great_a reason_n hereof_o among_o other_o be_v this_o that_o too_o free_a a_o liberty_n of_o divorce_n may_v not_o give_v encouragement_n to_o either_o party_n to_o cherish_v a_o stubborn_a temper_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o irremediable_a state_n of_o each_o may_v persuade_v both_o to_o accommodate_v their_o humour_n to_o one_o another_o and_o to_o stir_v they_o both_o up_o to_o mutual_a forbearance_n for_o the_o rest_n if_o any_o essential_a article_n of_o the_o matrimonial_a contract_n be_v violate_v the_o wrong_a party_n only_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o oligation_n the_o same_o still_o bind_v the_o other_o so_o long_o as_o the_o former_a shall_v think_v good_a any_o man_n may_v contract_v with_o any_o woman_n impediment_n vii_o moral_a impediment_n where_o the_o law_n make_v no_o special_a prohibition_n if_o their_o age_n and_o constitution_n of_o body_n render_v they_o capable_a of_o matrimony_n except_o some_o moral_a impediment_n be_v in_o the_o way_n presuppose_v that_o he_o or_o she_o be_v under_o a_o moral_a impediment_n who_o be_v already_o marry_v to_o some_o other_o person_n and_o it_o be_v account_v a_o moral_a impediment_n kindred_n viii_o kindred_n of_o lawful_a matrimony_n if_o the_o party_n be_v too_o near_o ally_v by_o blood_n or_o by_o affinity_n on_o which_o score_n even_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n those_o marriage_n be_v account_v incestuous_a and_o wicked_a which_o be_v contract_v between_o any_o person_n relate_v in_o the_o ascend_v or_o descend_v line_n and_o for_o those_o in_o the_o other_o transverse_a order_n as_o with_o the_o aunt_n either_o on_o the_o father_n or_o mother_n side_n the_o sister_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o those_o in_o affinity_n as_o with_o the_o mother-in-law_n stepmother_n step-daughter_n etc._n etc._n not_o only_o the_o positive_a divine_a law_n but_o that_o of_o most_o civilise_a nation_n with_o who_o also_o all_o christian_n agree_v do_v abominate_a nay_o the_o special_a law_n of_o many_o country_n forbid_v marriage_n even_o in_o the_o more_o remote_a degree_n that_o so_o they_o may_v keep_v man_n from_o break_v in_o upon_o those_o which_o be_v more_o sacred_a by_o set_v the_o barrier_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n now_o as_o the_o law_n be_v wont_a to_o assign_v ceremony_n ix_o ceremony_n to_o other_o contract_n and_o bargain_n some_o solemnity_n which_o being_n want_v the_o act_n shall_v not_o be_v adjudge_v of_o validity_n so_o also_o it_o be_v in_o matrimony_n where_o the_o law_n require_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o decency_n and_o good_a order_n that_o such_o or_o such_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v and_o these_o though_o not_o enjoin_v by_o the_o law_n natural_a yet_o without_o the_o same_o those_o who_o be_v subject_n of_o such_o a_o community_n shall_v not_o consummate_v a_o legal_a matrimony_n or_o at_o least_o such_o contract_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o public_a to_o be_v effectual_a it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o husband_n to_o love_v duty_n x._o mutual_a duty_n his_o wife_n to_o cherish_v direct_v and_o protect_v she_o and_o of_o the_o wife_n to_o love_v and_o honour_v her_o husband_n to_o be_v assistant_n to_o he_o not_o only_o in_o beget_v and_o educate_v his_o child_n but_o to_o bear_v her_o part_n in_o the_o domestic_a care_n on_o both_o side_n the_o nature_n of_o so_o strict_a a_o union_n require_v that_o the_o marry_a couple_n be_v partaker_n as_o well_o in_o the_o good_a as_o ill_a fortune_n of_o either_o and_o that_o one_o succour_v the_o other_o in_o all_o case_n of_o distress_n moreover_o that_o they_o prudent_o accommodate_v their_o humour_n to_o each_o other_o in_o which_o matter_n it_o be_v the_o wife_n duty_n to_o submit_v chap._n iii_o the_o duty_n of_o parent_n and_o child_n from_z matrimony_n proceed_v posterity_n authority_n i._o paternal_a authority_n which_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o
the_o whole_a duty_n of_o man_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o that_o famous_a civilian_n samvel_n puffendorf_n professor_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n in_o the_o university_n of_o heidelberg_n and_o in_o the_o caroline_n university_n afterward_o counsellor_n and_o historiographer_n to_o the_o k._n of_o sweden_n and_o to_o his_o electoral_a highness_n of_o brandenburg_n now_o make_v english_a license_v and_o enter_v according_a to_o law_n quod_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la pertinet_fw-la &_o nescire_fw-la malum_fw-la est_fw-la agitamus_fw-la hor._n s._n 2._o 7._o london_n print_v by_o benj._n motte_n for_o charles_n harper_n at_o the_o flower-de-luce_n over-against_o s._n dunstan_n church_n fleetstreet_n mdcxci_o to_o his_o honour_a friend_n mr._n george_n white_a of_o london_n merchant_z this_o tractate_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v offer_v dedicate_v present_v by_o his_o humble_a and_o most_o oblige_a servant_n the_o translator_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o translator_n have_v observe_v in_o most_o of_o the_o dispute_n wherewith_o the_o present_a age_n be_v disquiet_v frequent_a appeal_n make_v and_o that_o very_o proper_o from_o law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o a_o mean_a rank_n to_o the_o everlasting_a law_n of_o nature_n give_v himself_o the_o pain_n to_o turn_v over_o several_a writer_n on_o that_o subject_a he_o chance_v he_o think_v with_o great_a reason_n to_o entertain_v a_o opinion_n that_o this_o author_n be_v the_o clear_a the_o full_a and_o the_o most_o unprejudiced_a of_o any_o he_o meet_v with_o and_o hereupon_o that_o he_o may_v the_o better_o possess_v himself_o of_o his_o reason_n he_o attempt_v to_o render_v the_o work_n into_o mother-tongue_n after_o he_o have_v first_o endeavour_v to_o set_v several_a better_a hand_n upon_o the_o undertake_n who_o all_o for_o one_o reason_n or_o other_o decline_v the_o toil._n he_o think_v when_o it_o be_v do_v it_o may_v be_v as_o acceptable_a to_o one_o or_o other_o to_o read_v it_o as_o it_o have_v be_v to_o himself_o to_o translate_v it_o if_o he_o have_v not_o do_v right_o to_o the_o author_n as_o he_o hope_v he_o have_v not_o miss_v in_o any_o material_a point_n he_o be_v very_o willing_a to_o be_v correct_v the_o work_n it_o be_v true_a be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o epitome_n of_o the_o author_n be_v large_a volume_n but_o have_v be_v extract_v and_o publish_v by_o himself_o the_o reader_n can_v be_v under_o any_o doubt_n but_o that_o he_o have_v the_o quintessence_n of_o what_o be_v there_o deliver_v what_o be_v pare_v off_o be_v most_o case_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n refutation_n of_o other_o author_n and_o some_o notion_n too_o fine_a and_o unnecessary_a for_o a_o manual_a concern_v the_o author_n it_o be_v enough_o to_o say_v that_o he_o have_v sure_o have_v as_o great_a regard_n pay_v he_o from_o personage_n of_o the_o high_a degree_n as_o perhaps_o ever_o be_v give_v to_o the_o most_o learned_a of_o man_n be_v invite_v from_o his_o native_a country_n first_o by_o the_o elector_n palatine_n to_o be_v professor_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n in_o the_o university_n of_o heidelberg_n then_o by_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n to_o honour_v his_o new-raised_a academy_n by_o accept_v the_o same_o charge_n therein_o and_o afterward_o be_v admit_v of_o the_o council_n and_o make_v historiographer_n both_o to_o the_o same_o king_n and_o to_o his_o electoral_a highness_n of_o brandenburg_n where_o except_o he_o be_v very_o late_o dead_a he_o live_v at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o great_a respect_n of_o all_o man_n of_o sense_n and_o understanding_n the_o author_n preface_n have_v not_o the_o custom_n which_o have_v so_o general_o obtain_v among_o learned_a man_n almost_o procure_v to_o itself_o the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n it_o may_v seem_v altogether_o superfluous_a to_o premise_v a_o word_n concern_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o present_a undertake_n the_o thing_n itself_o plain_o declare_v my_o whole_a design_n to_o be_v the_o give_v as_o short_a and_o yet_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o as_o plain_a and_o perspicuous_a a_o compendium_n of_o the_o most_o material_a article_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o be_v possible_a and_o this_o lest_o if_o those_o who_o betake_v themselves_o to_o this_o sort_n of_o study_n shall_v enter_v the_o vast_a field_n of_o knowledge_n without_o have_v full_o imbibe_v the_o rudiment_n thereof_o shall_v at_o first_o sight_n be_v terrify_v and_o confound_v by_o the_o copiousness_n and_o difficulty_n of_o the_o matter_n occur_v therein_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o seem_v plain_o a_o very_a expedient_a work_n for_o the_o public_a that_o the_o mind_n of_o youth_n especial_o shall_v be_v early_o imbue_v with_o that_o moral_a learning_n for_o which_o they_o will_v have_v such_o manifest_a occasion_n and_o so_o frequent_a use_n through_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o the_o life_n and_o although_o i_o have_v always_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o work_n deserve_v no_o great_a honour_n to_o epitomise_v the_o large_a write_n of_o other_o and_o more_o especial_o one_o own_n yet_o have_v thus_o do_v out_o of_o submission_n to_o the_o command_a authority_n of_o my_o superior_n i_o hope_v no_o honest_a man_n will_v blame_v i_o for_o have_v endeavour_v hereby_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o understanding_n of_o young_a man_n more_o particular_o to_o who_o so_o great_a regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v that_o whatsoever_o work_n be_v undertake_v for_o their_o sake_n though_o it_o may_v not_o be_v capable_a of_o great_a acuteness_n or_o splendid_a eloquence_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v unworthy_a of_o any_o man_n pain_n beside_o that_o no_o man_n in_o his_o wit_n will_v deny_v that_o these_o principle_n thus_o lay_v down_o be_v more_o conducive_a to_o the_o understanding_n of_o all_o law_n in_o general_n than_o any_o element_n of_o the_o law_n civil_a can_v be_v and_o this_o may_v have_v suffice_v for_o the_o present_a but_o i_o be_o mind_v by_o some_o that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o lay_v down_o some_o few_o particular_n which_o will_v conduce_v much_o to_o a_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o for_o the_o better_a ascertain_v its_o just_a bound_n and_o limit_n and_o this_o i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o ready_a to_o do_v that_o i_o may_v on_o this_o occasion_n obviate_v the_o pretence_n of_o some_o overnice_a gentleman_n who_o be_v apt_a to_o pass_v their_o squeamish_a censure_n on_o this_o sort_n of_o learning_n which_o in_o many_o instance_n be_v whole_o separate_v from_o their_o province_n now_o it_o be_v very_o manifest_a that_o man_n derive_v the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o duty_n and_o what_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v do_v or_o to_o be_v avoid_v in_o this_o life_n as_o it_o be_v from_o three_o spring_n or_o fountain-head_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o country_n and_o from_o the_o special_a revelation_n of_o almighty_a god_n from_o the_o first_o of_o these_o proceed_v all_o those_o most_o common_a and_o ordinary_a duty_n of_o a_o man_n more_o particular_o those_o that_o constitute_v he_o a_o sociable_a creature_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n from_o the_o second_o be_v derive_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o man_n as_o he_o be_v a_o member_n of_o any_o particular_a city_n or_o commonwealth_n from_o the_o three_o result_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o christian_a man._n and_o from_o hence_o proceed_v three_o distinct_a science_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n common_a to_o all_o nation_n the_o second_o be_v of_o the_o civil_a or_o municipal_a law_n peculiar_a to_o each_o country_n which_o be_v or_o may_v be_v as_o manifold_a and_o various_a as_o there_o be_v different_a state_n and_o government_n in_o the_o world_n the_o three_o be_v moral_a divinity_n as_o it_o be_v contra-distinct_a to_o that_o part_n of_o divinity_n which_o explain_v the_o article_n of_o our_o faith_n each_o of_o these_o science_n have_v a_o peculiar_a way_n of_o prove_v their_o maxim_n according_a to_o their_o own_o principle_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n assert_n that_o this_o or_o that_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v do_v because_o from_o right_a reason_n it_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o same_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o society_n among_o man_n of_o civil_a law_n and_o constitution_n the_o supreme_a reason_n be_v the_o will_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n the_o obligation_n of_o moral_a divinity_n lie_v whole_o in_o this_o because_o god_n in_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n have_v so_o command_v now_o as_o the_o civil_a law_n presuppose_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o more_o general_a science_n so_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n wherein_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v altogether_o silent_a we_o must_v not_o therefore_o
conclude_v that_o the_o one_o be_v any_o way_n repugnant_a to_o the_o other_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o in_o moral_a divinity_n some_o thing_n be_v deliver_v as_o from_o divine_a revelation_n which_o by_o our_o reason_n we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o comprehend_v and_o which_o upon_o that_o score_n be_v above_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o will_v be_v very_o absurd_a from_o hence_o to_o set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o or_o to_o imagine_v that_o there_o be_v any_o real_a inconsistency_n between_o these_o science_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n if_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v presuppose_v because_o so_o much_o may_v be_v infer_v from_o reason_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v put_v in_o opposition_n to_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o holy_a scripture_n on_o that_o subject_n deliver_v with_o great_a clearness_n but_o they_o be_v only_o to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o abstract_a sense_n thus_o for_o example_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n abstract_v from_o the_o account_n we_o receive_v thereof_o in_o holy_a writ_n there_o may_v be_v form_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o condition_n and_o state_n of_o the_o first_o man_n as_o he_o come_v into_o the_o world_n only_o so_o far_o as_o be_v within_o the_o comprehension_n of_o humane_a reason_n now_o to_o set_v those_o thing_n in_o opposition_n to_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o sacred_a writ_n concern_v the_o same_o state_n will_v be_v the_o great_a folly_n and_o madness_n in_o the_o world_n but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o reconcile_v the_o civil_a law_n with_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n so_o it_o seem_v a_o little_a more_o difficult_a to_o set_v certain_a bound_n between_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o moral_a divinity_n and_o to_o define_v in_o what_o particular_n chief_o they_o differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o upon_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v deliver_v my_o opinion_n brief_o not_o with_o any_o papal_a authority_n as_o if_o i_o be_v exempt_v from_o all_o error_n by_o any_o peculiar_a right_n or_o privilege_n neither_o as_o one_o who_o pretend_v to_o any_o enthusiastic_a revelation_n but_o only_o as_o be_v desirous_a to_o discharge_v that_o province_n which_o i_o have_v undertake_v according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o ability_n and_o as_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o hear_v all_o candid_a and_o ingenuous_a person_n who_o can_v inform_v i_o better_o and_o be_o very_o ready_a to_o retract_v what_o i_o have_v say_v amiss_o so_o i_o do_v not_o value_v those_o pragmatical_a and_o positive_a censurer_n and_o busybody_n who_o bold_o concern_v themselves_o with_o thing_n which_o no_o way_n belong_v to_o they_o of_o these_o person_n we_o have_v a_o very_a ingenious_a character_n give_v by_o phaedrus_n they_o run_v about_o say_v he_o as_o mighty_o concern_v they_o be_v very_o busy_a even_o when_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v they_o puff_v and_o blow_v without_o any_o occasion_n they_o be_v uneasy_a to_o themselves_o and_o troublesome_a to_o every_o body_n else_o now_o the_o chief_a distinction_n whereby_o these_o science_n be_v separate_v from_o one_o another_o proceed_v from_o the_o different_a source_n or_o spring_n whence_o each_o derive_v its_o principle_n and_o of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o discourse_v from_o whence_o it_o follow_v if_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o we_o be_v enjoin_v in_o holy_a writ_n either_o to_o do_v or_o forbear_v the_o necessity_n whereof_o can_v be_v discover_v by_o reason_n alone_o they_o be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o out_o of_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o proper_o to_o appertain_v to_o moral_a divinity_n moreover_o in_o divinity_n the_o law_n be_v consider_v as_o it_o have_v the_o divine_a promise_n annex_v to_o it_o and_o with_o relation_n to_o the_o covenant_n between_o god_n and_o man_n from_o which_o consideration_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n abstract_n because_o the_o other_o derive_v itself_o from_o a_o particular_a revelation_n of_o god_n almighty_n and_o which_o reason_n alone_o can_v not_o have_v find_v out_o beside_o too_o there_o be_v this_o great_a difference_n in_o that_o the_o main_a end_n and_o design_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v include_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o life_n only_o and_o so_o thereby_o a_o man_n be_v inform_v how_o he_o be_v to_o live_v in_o society_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n but_o moral_a divinity_n instruct_v a_o man_n how_o to_o live_v as_o a_o christian_a who_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o live_v honesty_n and_o virtuous_o in_o this_o world_n but_o be_v beside_o in_o earnest_a expectation_n of_o the_o reward_n of_o his_o piety_n after_o this_o life_n and_o therefore_o he_o have_v his_o conversation_n in_o heaven_n but_o be_v here_o only_o as_o a_o stranger_n and_o a_o pilgrim_n for_o although_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n do_v with_o very_o great_a ardency_n pursue_v after_o immortality_n and_o be_v extreme_o averse_a to_o its_o own_o destruction_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o most_o of_o the_o heathen_n have_v a_o strong_a persuasion_n of_o the_o separate_a state_n of_o the_o soul_n from_o the_o body_n and_o that_o then_o good_a man_n shall_v be_v reward_v and_o evil_a man_n punish_v yet_o notwithstanding_o such_o a_o strong_a assurance_n of_o the_o certainty_n hereof_o upon_o which_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n can_v firm_o and_o entire_o depend_v be_v to_o be_v derive_v only_o from_o the_o word_n of_o god_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o dictate_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v adapt_v only_o to_o humane_a judicature_n which_o do_v not_o extend_v itself_o beyond_o this_o life_n and_o it_o will_v be_v absurd_a in_o many_o respect_n to_o apply_v they_o to_o the_o divine_a forum_n which_o concern_v itself_o only_o about_o theology_n from_o whence_o this_o also_o follow_v that_o because_o humane_a judicature_n regard_v only_o the_o external_a action_n of_o man_n but_o can_v no_o way_n reach_v the_o inward_a thought_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o do_v not_o discover_v themselves_o by_o any_o outward_a sign_n or_o effect_v therefore_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n exercise_v in_o form_v the_o outward_a action_n of_o men._n but_o moral_a divinity_n do_v not_o content_v itself_o in_o regulate_v only_o the_o exterior_a action_n but_o be_v more_o peculiarly_a intent_n in_o form_v the_o mind_n and_o its_o internal_a motion_n agreeable_a to_o the_o good_a pleasure_n of_o the_o divine_a be_v disallow_v those_o very_a action_n which_o outward_o look_v well_o enough_o but_o proceed_v from_o a_o impure_a and_o corrupt_a mind_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n do_v not_o so_o frequent_o treat_v of_o those_o action_n that_o be_v enjoin_v under_o certain_a penalty_n by_o humane_a law_n as_o it_o do_v of_o those_o which_o as_o seneca_n express_v it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o any_o such_o constitution_n and_o this_o will_v manifest_o appear_v to_o those_o who_o shall_v careful_o consider_v the_o precept_n and_o virtue_n that_o be_v therein_o inculcate_v although_o even_o those_o christian_a virtue_n do_v very_o much_o dispose_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n towards_o the_o maintain_n of_o mutual_a society_n so_o likewise_o moral_a divinity_n do_v mighty_o promote_v the_o practice_n of_o all_o the_o main_a duty_n that_o be_v enjoin_v we_o in_o our_o civil_a deportment_n so_o that_o if_o you_o shall_v observe_v any_o one_o behave_v himself_o like_o a_o restless_a and_o troublesome_a member_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n you_o may_v fair_o conclude_v that_o the_o christian_a religion_n have_v make_v but_o a_o very_a slight_a impression_n on_o that_o person_n and_o that_o it_o have_v take_v no_o root_n in_o his_o heart_n and_o from_o these_o particular_n i_o suppose_v may_v be_v easy_o discover_v not_o only_o the_o certain_a bound_n and_o limit_n which_o distinguish_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o we_o have_v defin_n do_v it_o from_o moral_a divinity_n but_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o the_o maxim_n of_o sound_a divinity_n but_o be_v only_o to_o be_v abstract_v from_o some_o particular_a doctrine_n thereof_o which_o can_v be_v fathom_v by_o the_o help_n of_o reason_n alone_o from_o whence_o also_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o in_o the_o science_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n a_o man_n shall_v be_v now_o consider_v as_o be_v deprave_v in_o his_o very_a nature_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n as_o a_o creature_n subject_a to_o many_o vile_a inclination_n for_o although_o none_o can_v be_v so_o stupid_a as_o not_o to_o discover_v in_o himself_o many_o evil_a and_o inordinate_a affection_n nevertheless_o unless_o we_o be_v inform_v so_o much_o by_o sacred_a writ_n it_o will_v not_o appear_v that_o this_o rebellion_n of_o the_o will_n be_v
occasion_v by_o the_o first_o man_n transgression_n and_o consequent_o since_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o reach_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v above_o reason_n it_o will_v be_v very_o preposterous_a to_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o state_n of_o man_n as_o it_o be_v uncorrupt_a before_o the_o fall_n especial_o since_o even_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n as_o they_o be_v deliver_v in_o negative_a term_n do_v manifest_o presuppose_v the_o deprave_a state_n of_o man._n thus_o for_o example_n in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o commandment_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v suppose_v that_o mankind_n be_v natural_o prone_a to_o the_o belief_n of_o polytheism_n and_o idolatry_n for_o if_o you_o shall_v consider_v man_n as_o in_o his_o primitive_a state_n wherein_o he_o have_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o the_o deity_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o peculiar_a revelation_n i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o it_o can_v ever_o enter_v into_o the_o thought_n of_o such_o a_o one_o to_o frame_v any_o thing_n to_o himself_o to_o which_o he_o can_v pay_v reverence_n instead_o of_o or_o together_o with_o the_o true_a god_n or_o to_o believe_v any_o divinity_n to_o reside_v in_o that_o which_o his_o own_o hand_n have_v form_v therefore_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o lay_v a_o injunction_n upon_o he_o in_o negative_a term_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o worship_v other_o god_n but_o this_o plain_a affirmative_a precept_n will_v have_v be_v sufficient_a thou_o shall_v love_v honour_n and_o adore_v god_n who_o you_o know_v to_o have_v create_v both_o yourself_o and_o the_o whole_a universe_n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o three_o commandment_n for_o why_o shall_v it_o be_v forbid_v in_o a_o negative_a precept_n to_o blaspheme_v god_n to_o such_o a_o one_o who_o have_v at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o clear_a and_o perfect_a understanding_n of_o his_o bounty_n and_o majesty_n and_o who_o be_v actuate_v by_o no_o inordinate_a affection_n and_o who_o mind_n do_v cheerful_o acquiesce_v in_o that_o condition_n wherein_o he_o be_v place_v by_o almighty_a god_n how_o can_v such_o a_o one_o be_v guilty_a of_o so_o great_a madness_n but_o he_o need_v only_o to_o have_v be_v admonish_v by_o this_o affirmative_a precept_n that_o he_o shall_v glorify_v the_o name_n of_o god_n but_o it_o seem_v otherwise_o of_o the_o four_o and_o five_o commandment_n which_o as_o they_o be_v affirmative_a precept_n neither_o do_v they_o necessary_o presuppose_v the_o deprave_a state_n of_o man_n they_o may_v be_v admit_v mankind_n be_v consider_v as_o under_o either_o condition_n but_o the_o thing_n be_v very_o manifest_a in_o relation_n to_o the_o other_o commandment_n which_o concern_v our_o neighbour_n for_o it_o will_v suffice_v plain_o to_o have_v enjoin_v man_n consider_v as_o he_o be_v at_o first_o create_v by_o god_n that_o he_o shall_v love_v his_o neighbour_n whereto_o he_o be_v beforehand_o incline_v by_o his_o own_o nature_n but_o how_o can_v the_o same_o person_n be_v command_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o kill_v when_o death_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o fall_v on_o mankind_n which_o enter_v into_o the_o world_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o sin_n but_o now_o there_o be_v very_o great_a need_n of_o such_o a_o negative_a command_n when_o instead_o of_o love_v one_o another_o there_o be_v stir_v up_o so_o great_a feud_n and_o animosity_n among_o man_n that_o even_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v owe_v pure_o to_o envy_n or_o a_o inordinate_a desire_n of_o invade_v what_o belong_v to_o another_o so_o that_o they_o make_v no_o scruple_n not_o only_o of_o destroy_v those_o that_o be_v innocent_a but_o even_o their_o friend_n and_o such_o as_o have_v do_v they_o signal_n favour_n and_o all_o this_o forsooth_o they_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o disguise_v under_o the_o specious_a pretence_n of_o religion_n and_o conscience_n in_o like_a manner_n what_o need_n be_v there_o express_o to_o forbid_v adultery_n among_o those_o marry_a person_n who_o mutual_a love_n be_v so_o ardent_a and_o sincere_a or_o what_o occasion_n be_v there_o to_o forbid_v theft_n when_o as_o yet_o covetousness_n and_o poverty_n be_v not_o know_v nor_o do_v any_o man_n think_v that_o proper_o his_o own_o which_o may_v be_v useful_a or_o profitable_a to_o another_o or_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o to_o forbid_v the_o bear_n false_a witness_n when_o as_o yet_o there_o be_v not_o any_o to_o be_v find_v who_o seek_v after_o honour_n and_o reputation_n to_o themselves_o by_o slander_v and_o asperse_v other_o with_o false_a and_o groundless_a calumny_n so_o that_o not_o unfit_o you_o may_v here_o apply_v the_o say_v of_o tacitus_n vetustissimi_fw-la mortalium_fw-la nulla_fw-la adhuc_fw-la prava_fw-la libidine_fw-la sine_fw-la probro_fw-la scelere_fw-la eoque_fw-la sine_fw-la poena_fw-la aut_fw-la coercitionibus_fw-la agebant_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la nihil_fw-la contra_fw-la morem_fw-la cuperent_fw-la nihil_fw-la per_fw-la metum_fw-la vetabantur_fw-la whilst_o no_o corrupt_a desire_n deprave_v mankind_n the_o first_o man_n live_v without_o sin_n and_o wickedness_n and_o therefore_o free_a from_o restraint_n and_o punishment_n and_o whereas_o they_o covet_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v their_o due_n they_o be_v bar_v from_o nothing_o by_o fear_n and_o these_o thing_n be_v right_o understand_v may_v clear_v the_o way_n for_o remove_v this_o doubt_n whether_o the_o law_n be_v different_a or_o the_o same_o in_o the_o primitive_a state_n of_o nature_n before_o the_o fall_n where_o it_o may_v be_v brief_o answer_v that_o the_o most_o material_a head_n of_o the_o law_n be_v the_o same_o in_o each_o state_n but_o that_o many_o particular_a precept_n do_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o condition_n of_o mankind_n or_o rather_o that_o the_o same_o summary_n of_o the_o law_n be_v explain_v by_o divers_a but_o not_o contrary_a precept_n according_a to_o the_o different_a state_n of_o man_n by_o who_o that_o law_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v our_o saviour_n reduce_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o law_n to_o two_o head_n love_n god_n and_o love_v thy_o neighbour_n to_o these_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v refer_v as_o well_o in_o the_o primitive_a as_o in_o the_o deprave_a state_n of_o man_n unless_o that_o in_o the_o primitive_a state_n there_o seem_v not_o any_o or_o a_o very_a small_a difference_n between_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o moral_a divinity_n for_o that_o mutual_a society_n which_o we_o lay_v down_o as_o a_o foundation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v very_o well_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o love_n of_o our_o neighbour_n but_o when_o we_o descend_v to_o particular_a precept_n there_o be_v indeed_o a_o very_a great_a difference_n both_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o command_n and_o prohibition_n and_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o command_n there_o be_v many_o which_o have_v place_n in_o this_o state_n of_o mankind_n which_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v necessary_a in_o the_o primitive_a state_n and_o that_o partly_o because_o they_o presuppose_v such_o a_o condition_n as_o it_o be_v not_o certain_a can_v happen_v to_o that_o most_o happy_a state_n of_o mankind_n partly_o because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o notion_n of_o they_o without_o admit_v misery_n and_o death_n which_o be_v unknown_a there_o as_o for_o instance_n we_o be_v now_o enjoin_v by_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o to_o deceive_v one_o another_o in_o buy_v or_o sell_v not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o false_a weight_n or_o measure_n to_o repay_v money_n that_o be_v lend_v at_o the_o appoint_a time_n but_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o evident_a whether_o if_o mankind_n have_v continue_v without_o sin_n there_o will_v have_v be_v drive_v any_o trade_n and_o commerce_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o the_o world_n or_o whether_o there_o will_v then_o have_v be_v any_o occasion_n for_o the_o use_v of_o mony_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o such_o kind_n of_o community_n as_o be_v now_o adays_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o state_n of_o innocence_n there_o will_v be_v then_o likewise_o no_o occasion_n for_o those_o law_n which_o be_v presuppose_v as_o requisite_a for_o the_o well_o order_v and_o government_n of_o such_o society_n we_o be_v also_o now_o command_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o succour_v those_o that_o be_v in_o want_n to_o relieve_v those_o that_o be_v oppress_v to_o take_v care_n of_o widow_n and_o orphan_n but_o it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v inculcate_v these_o precept_n to_o those_o who_o be_v no_o way_n subject_n to_o misery_n poverty_n or_o death_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o enjoin_v we_o to_o forgive_v injury_n and_o to_o use_v our_o utmost_a endeavour_n towards_o the_o promote_a of_o peace_n among_o mankind_n which_o will_v be_v unnecessary_a among_o those_o who_o never_o offend_v against_o the_o law_n of_o mutual_a
society_n and_o this_o too_o be_v very_o evident_a in_o the_o prohibitory_a precept_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o natural_a not_o positive_a law_n for_o although_o every_o command_n do_v virtual_o contain_v in_o itself_o a_o prohibition_n of_o the_o opposite_a vice_n as_o for_o instance_n he_o that_o be_v command_v to_o love_v his_o neighbour_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n forbid_v to_o do_v such_o action_n as_o may_v any_o way_n thwart_v or_o contradict_v this_o duty_n of_o love_n yet_o it_o seem_v superfluous_a that_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v ordain_v by_o express_a command_n where_o there_o be_v no_o disorderly_a inclination_n to_o excite_v man_n to_o the_o commit_v such_o wrong_n for_o the_o illustration_n of_o which_o this_o may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o that_o solon_n will_v by_o no_o public_a law_n enact_v any_o punishment_n for_o parricide_n because_o he_o think_v that_o no_o child_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o so_o horrid_a a_o impiety_n the_o like_a whereof_o we_o may_v find_v in_o what_o be_v report_v by_o francis_n lopez_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o west-indies_n chap._n 207._o concernning_n the_o people_n of_o nicaragua_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o they_o have_v not_o appoint_v any_o punishment_n for_o those_o who_o shall_v kill_v their_o prince_n because_o say_v they_o there_o can_v be_v no_o subject_a who_o will_v contrive_v or_o perpetrate_v so_o base_a a_o action_n i_o be_o afraid_a it_o may_v savour_v too_o much_o of_o affectation_n to_o enlarge_v any_o far_o in_o the_o proof_n of_o what_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o clear_a and_o evident_a yet_o i_o shall_v add_v this_o one_o example_n fit_v to_o the_o mean_a capacity_n suppose_v there_o be_v two_o child_n but_o of_o different_a disposition_n commit_v to_o the_o care_n of_o a_o certain_a person_n one_o whereof_o be_v modest_a and_o bashful_a take_v great_a delight_n in_o his_o study_n the_o other_o prove_v unruly_a surly_a give_v himself_o over_o more_o to_o loose_v pleasure_n than_o to_o learning_n now_o the_o duty_n of_o both_o of_o these_o be_v the_o same_o to_o follow_v their_o study_n but_o the_o particular_a precept_n proper_a to_o each_o be_v different_a for_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o advise_v the_o former_a to_o what_o kind_n of_o study_n he_o must_v apply_v himself_o at_o what_o time_n and_o after_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v to_o be_v follow_v but_o as_o for_o the_o other_o he_o must_v be_v enjoin_v under_o severe_a penalty_n not_o to_o wander_v abroad_o not_o to_o game_n not_o to_o sell_v his_o book_n not_o to_o get_v other_o to_o make_v his_o exercise_n not_o to_o play_v the_o good_a fellow_n not_o to_o run_v after_o harlot_n now_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v undertake_v in_o a_o set_a discourse_n to_o declaim_v against_o these_o thing_n to_o he_o of_o the_o contrary_a temper_n the_o child_n may_v very_o well_o enjoin_v he_o silence_n and_o bid_v he_o inculcate_v they_o to_o any_o body_n else_o rather_o than_o to_o he_o who_o take_v no_o delight_n or_o pleasure_n in_o such_o practice_n from_o whence_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o manifest_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v have_v a_o quite_o different_a face_n if_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v man_n as_o he_o be_v in_o his_o primitive_a state_n of_o innocence_n and_o now_o since_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o this_o science_n whereby_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o moral_a divinity_n be_v so_o clear_o set_v down_o it_o ought_v at_o least_o to_o have_v the_o same_o privilege_n with_o other_o science_n as_o the_o civil_a law_n physic_n natural_a philosophy_n and_o the_o mathematics_n wherein_o if_o any_o unskilful_a person_n presume_v to_o meddle_v assume_v to_o himself_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o censor_n without_o any_o authority_n he_o may_v fair_o have_v that_o object_v to_o he_o which_o be_v former_o do_v by_o apelles_n to_o megabyzus_n who_o undertake_v to_o talk_v at_o random_n about_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v pray_v say_v he_o be_v silent_a lest_o the_o boy_n laugh_v at_o you_o who_o pretend_v to_o talk_v of_o matter_n you_o do_v not_o understand_v now_o upon_o the_o whole_a i_o be_o content_v to_o submit_v myself_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o discreet_a and_o intelligent_a person_n but_o as_o for_o ignorant_a and_o spiteful_a detractor_n it_o be_v better_a to_o leave_v they_o to_o themselves_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o their_o own_o folly_n and_o malice_n since_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a proverb_n the_o ethiopian_n can_v change_v his_o skin_n content_n book_n i._n chap._n i._n of_o human_a action_n pag._n 1._o ii_o of_o the_o rule_n of_o human_a action_n or_o of_o law_n in_o general_n 25_o iii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 33_o iu._n of_o the_o duty_n of_o man_n towards_o god_n or_o concern_v natural_a religion_n 50_o v._n of_o the_o duty_n of_o man_n towards_o himself_o 64_o vi._n of_o the_o duty_n of_o one_o man_n towards_o another_o and_o first_o of_o do_v no_o injury_n to_o any_o man._n 88_o vii_o the_o natural_a equality_n of_o man_n to_o be_v acknowledge_v 98_o viii_o of_o the_o mutual_a duty_n of_o humanity_n 105_o ix_o the_o duty_n of_o man_n in_o make_v contract_n 112_o x._o the_o duty_n of_o man_n in_o discourse_n 131_o xi_o the_o duty_n of_o those_o that_o take_v a_o oath_n 138_o xii_o duty_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o acquire_v possession_n of_o thing_n 145_o xiii_o the_o duty_n which_o natural_o result_v from_o man_n property_n in_o thing_n 160_o fourteen_o of_o the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o thing_n 164_o xv._o of_o those_o contract_n in_o which_o the_o value_n of_o thing_n be_v presuppose_v and_o of_o the_o duty_n thence_o arise_v 174_o xvi_o the_o several_a method_n by_o which_o the_o obligation_n arise_v from_o contract_n be_v dissolve_v 191._o xvii_o of_o mean_v or_o interpretation_n 196_o book_n ii_o chap._n i._n of_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o men._n 207_o ii_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o marry_v state_n 220_o iii_o the_o duty_n of_o parent_n and_o child_n 228_o iu._n the_o duty_n of_o master_n and_o servant_n 237_o v._n the_o impulsive_a cause_n of_o constitute_v community_n 241_o vi._n of_o the_o internal_a frame_n and_o constitution_n of_o any_o state_n or_o government_n 249_o vii_o of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o government_n 259_o viii_o of_o the_o several_a form_n of_o government_n 265_o ix_o the_o qualification_n of_o civil_a government_n 273_o x._o how_o government_n especial_o monarchical_a be_v acquire_v 276_o xi_o the_o duty_n of_o supreme_a governor_n 283_o xii_o of_o the_o special_a law_n of_o a_o community_n 293_o xiii_o of_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n 299_o fourteen_o of_o reputation_n 310_o xv._o of_o the_o power_n of_o governor_n over_o the_o good_n of_o their_o subject_n 316_o xvi_o of_o war_n and_o peace_n 319_o xvii_o of_o alliance_n 329_o xviii_o the_o duty_n of_o subject_n 333_o write_v by_o the_o same_o author_n and_o translate_v by_o j._n c._n the_o history_n of_o popedom_n contain_v a_o account_n of_o the_o rise_v progress_n and_o decay_n thereof_o sell_v by_o c._n harper_n at_o the_o flower-de-luce_n over_o against_o s._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n and_o j._n hindmarsh_n at_o the_o golden_a ball_n over_o against_o the_o royal_a exchange_n cornhill_n the_o whole_a duty_n of_o man_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n book_n i._n chap._n i._o of_o human_a action_n what_o we_o mean_v here_o by_o duty_n i._o what_o be_v duty_n the_o word_n duty_n be_v that_o action_n of_o a_o man_n which_o be_v regular_o order_v according_a to_o some_o prescribe_a law_n so_o far_o as_o he_o be_v thereto_o oblige_v to_o the_o understanding_n whereof_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o premise_v somewhat_o as_o well_o touch_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o human_a action_n as_o concern_v law_n in_o general_n by_o a_o human_a action_n we_o mean_v not_o action_n ii_o what_o a_o human_a action_n every_o motion_n that_o proceed_v from_o the_o faculty_n of_o a_o man_n but_o such_o only_a as_o have_v their_o original_a and_o direction_n from_o those_o faculty_n which_o god_n almighty_a have_v endow_v mankind_n withal_o distinct_a from_o brute_n that_o be_v such_o as_o be_v undertake_v by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o will._n for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o put_v in_o the_o power_n capacity_n iii_o human_a capacity_n of_o man_n to_o know_v the_o various_a thing_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o world_n to_o compare_v they_o one_o with_o another_o and_o from_o thence_o to_o form_n to_o himself_o new_a notion_n but_o he_o be_v able_a to_o look_v forward_o and_o to_o consider_v what_o he_o be_v to_o do_v and_o to_o carry_v himself_o to_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o and_o this_o to_o do_v after_o some_o certain_a manner_n and_o to_o some_o certain_a end_n and_o then_o he_o can_v collect_v what_o will_v be_v the_o
consequence_n thereof_o beside_o he_o can_v make_v a_o judgement_n upon_o thing_n already_o do_v whether_o they_o be_v do_v agreeable_o to_o their_o rule_n not_o that_o all_o a_o man_n faculty_n do_v exert_v themselves_o continual_o or_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o some_o of_o they_o be_v stir_v up_o in_o he_o by_o a_o internal_a impulse_n and_o when_o raise_v be_v by_o the_o same_o regulate_v and_o guide_v neither_o beside_o have_v a_o man_n the_o same_o inclination_n to_o every_o object_n but_o some_o he_o desire_v and_o for_o other_o he_o have_v a_o aversion_n and_o often_o though_o a_o object_n of_o action_n be_v before_o he_o yet_o he_o suspend_v any_o motion_n towards_o it_o and_o when_o many_o object_n offer_v themselves_o he_o choose_v one_o and_o refuse_v the_o rest_n as_o for_o that_o faculty_n therefore_o of_o comprehend_v understanding_n iu._n human_a understanding_n and_o judge_v of_o thing_n which_o be_v call_v the_o understanding_n it_o must_v be_v take_v for_o grant_v first_o of_o all_o that_o every_o man_n of_o a_o mature_a age_n and_o entire_a sense_n have_v so_o much_o natural_a light_n in_o he_o as_o that_o with_o necessary_a care_n and_o due_a consideration_n he_o may_v right_o comprehend_v at_o least_o those_o general_a precept_n and_o principle_n which_o be_v requisite_a in_o order_n to_o pass_v our_o life_n here_o honest_o and_o quiet_o and_o be_v able_a to_o judge_v that_o these_o be_v congruous_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man._n for_o if_o this_o at_o least_o be_v not_o admit_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o our_o humane_a forum_n man_n may_v pretend_v a_o invincible_a ignorance_n for_o all_o their_o miscarriage_n because_o no_o man_n in_o judicature_n in_o civil_a judicature_n foro_fw-la humano_fw-la can_v be_v condemn_v for_o have_v violate_v a_o law_n which_o it_o be_v above_o his_o capacity_n to_o comprehend_v the_o understanding_n of_o man_n when_o probable_a v._o conscience_n right_o inform_v and_o probable_a it_o be_v right_o inform_v concern_v that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o omit_v and_o this_o so_o as_o that_o he_o be_v able_a to_o give_v certain_a and_o undoubted_a reason_n for_o his_o opinion_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v conscience_n true_o guide_v but_o when_o a_o man_n have_v indeed_o entertain_v the_o true_a opinion_n about_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o not_o to_o be_v do_v the_o truth_n whereof_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v good_a by_o reason_v but_o he_o either_o draw_v such_o his_o notion_n from_o his_o education_n way_n of_o live_v custom_n or_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o person_n wise_a or_o better_a than_o himself_o and_o yet_o no_o reason_n appear_v to_o he_o that_o can_v persuade_v the_o contrary_a this_o use_n to_o be_v call_v conscientia_fw-la probabilis_fw-la conscience_n ground_v upon_o probability_n and_o by_o this_o the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n be_v govern_v it_o be_v the_o good_a fortune_n of_o few_o to_o be_v able_a to_o inquire_v into_o and_o to_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o thing_n and_o yet_o it_o chance_v often_o to_o some_o doubt_v vi_o conscience_n doubt_v man_n especial_o in_o singular_a case_n that_o argument_n may_v be_v bring_v on_o both_o side_n and_o they_o not_o be_v master_n of_o sufficient_a judgement_n to_o discern_v clear_o which_o be_v the_o strong_a and_o most_o weighty_a and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o doubt_a conscience_n in_o which_o case_n this_o be_v the_o rule_n as_o long_o as_o the_o understanding_n be_v unsatisfied_a and_o in_o doubt_n whether_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v be_v good_a or_o evil_n the_o do_v of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v defer_v for_o to_o set_v about_o do_v it_o before_o the_o doubt_n be_v answer_v imply_v a_o sinful_a design_n or_o at_o least_o a_o neglect_n of_o the_o law_n man_n also_o oftentimes_o have_v wrong_a apprehension_n error_n vii_o error_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o take_v that_o to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v false_a and_o then_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o a_o error_n and_o this_o be_v call_v vincible_a error_n when_o a_o man_n by_o apply_v due_a attention_n and_o diligence_n may_v have_v prevent_v his_o fall_n thereinto_o and_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v invincible_a error_n when_o the_o person_n with_o the_o utmost_a diligence_n and_o care_n that_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o life_n can_v not_o have_v avoid_v it_o but_o this_o sort_n of_o error_n at_o least_o among_o those_o who_o give_v their_o mind_n to_o improve_v the_o light_n of_o reason_n and_o to_o lead_v their_o life_n regular_o happen_v not_o in_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o live_v but_o only_o in_o peculiar_a matter_n for_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v plain_a and_o that_o legislator_n who_o make_v positive_a law_n both_o do_v and_o aught_o to_o take_v all_o possible_a care_n that_o they_o may_v be_v understand_v by_o those_o who_o be_v to_o give_v obedience_n to_o they_o so_o that_o this_o sort_n of_o error_n proceed_v only_o from_o a_o supine_n negligence_n but_o in_o particular_a affair_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o some_o error_n to_o be_v admit_v against_o the_o will_n and_o without_o any_o fault_n of_o the_o person_n concern_v the_o object_n and_o other_o circumstance_n of_o the_o action_n but_o where_o knowledge_n simple_o be_v ignorance_n viii_o ignorance_n want_v it_o be_v call_v ignorance_n which_o be_v two_o way_n to_o be_v consider_v first_o as_o it_o contribute_v somewhat_o to_o the_o action_n and_o next_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o person_n either_o against_o his_o will_n or_o not_o without_o his_o own_o fault_n in_o the_o first_o respect_n ignorance_n use_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o efficacious_a and_o concomitant_a that_o be_v such_o as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v the_o present_a action_n have_v not_o be_v undertake_v this_o though_o it_o have_v not_o be_v it_o lâ—â—d_v not_o hinder_v the_o undertake_n in_o the_o latter_a respect_n the_o ignorance_n be_v either_o voluntary_a or_o involuntary_a the_o first_o be_v when_o it_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o person_n he_o reject_v the_o mean_n of_o know_v the_o truth_n or_o suffer_v it_o to_o come_v upon_o he_o by_o not_o use_v such_o diligence_n as_o be_v necessary_a the_o latter_a be_v when_o a_o man_n be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o which_o he_o can_v not_o nor_o be_v oblige_v to_o know_v and_o this_o again_o be_v twofold_a for_o either_o a_o man_n may_v indeed_o not_o be_v able_a to_o help_v his_o ignorance_n for_o the_o present_a and_o yet_o may_v be_v to_o blame_v because_o he_o continue_v in_o such_o a_o state_n or_o else_o he_o may_v not_o only_o be_v for_o the_o present_a unable_a to_o conquer_v his_o ignorance_n but_o may_v also_o be_v blameless_a that_o he_o be_v fall_v into_o such_o a_o condition_n the_o other_o faculty_n which_o do_v peculiar_o will._n ix_o the_o will._n distinguish_v man_n from_o brute_n be_v call_v the_o will_n by_o which_o as_o with_o a_o internal_a impulse_n man_n move_v himself_o to_o action_n and_o choose_v that_o which_o best_o please_v he_o and_o reject_v that_o which_o seem_v unfit_a for_o he_o man_n therefore_o have_v thus_o much_o from_o his_o will_n first_o that_o he_o have_v a_o power_n to_o act_v willing_o that_o be_v he_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o any_o intrinsic_a necessity_n to_o do_v this_o or_o that_o but_o be_v himself_o the_o author_n of_o his_o own_o action_n next_o that_o he_o have_v a_o power_n to_o act_v free_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o proposal_n of_o one_o object_n he_o may_v act_v or_o not_o act_v and_o either_o entertain_v or_o reject_v or_o if_o divers_a object_n be_v propose_v he_o may_v choose_v one_o and_o refuse_v the_o rest_n now_o whereas_o among_o human_a action_n some_o be_v undertake_v for_o their_o own_o sake_n other_o because_o they_o subserve_v to_o the_o attain_n of_o somewhat_o far_o that_o be_v some_o be_v as_o the_o end_n and_o other_o as_o mean_n as_o for_o the_o end_n the_o will_n be_v thus_o far_o concern_v that_o be_v once_o know_v this_o first_o approve_v it_o and_o then_o move_v vigorous_o towards_o the_o achieve_v thereof_o as_o it_o be_v drive_v at_o it_o with_o more_o or_o less_o earnestness_n and_o this_o end_v once_o obtain_v it_o sit_v down_o quiet_o and_o enjoy_v its_o acquist_n with_o pleasure_n for_o the_o mean_n they_o be_v first_o to_o be_v approve_v than_o such_o as_o be_v most_o fit_a for_o the_o purpose_n be_v choose_v and_o at_o last_o be_v apply_v to_o use_v but_o as_o man_n be_v account_v to_o be_v the_o unforced_a x._o the_o will_v unforced_a author_n of_o his_o own_o action_n because_o they_o be_v voluntary_o undertake_v by_o himself_o so_o this_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v observe_v concern_v the_o will_n to_o wit_n that_o its_o spontaneity_n or_o natural_a freedom_n be_v at_o least_o to_o be_v assert_v in_o those_o action_n
perform_v so_o it_o will_v be_v silly_a and_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o put_v a_o restraint_n upon_o the_o natural_a liberty_n of_o the_o will_n of_o any_o man_n if_o no_o one_o shall_v receive_v any_o benefit_n therefrom_o but_o though_o a_o law_n do_v strict_o include_v dispense_v ix_o power_n of_o dispense_v all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o legislator_n who_o be_v concern_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o same_o and_o who_o the_o say_a legislator_n at_o first_o intend_v not_o to_o be_v exempt_v yet_o sometime_o it_o happen_v that_o particular_a person_n may_v be_v clear_v of_o any_o obligation_n to_o such_o law_n and_o this_o be_v call_v dispense_v but_o as_o he_o only_o may_v dispense_v in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o make_v and_o abrogate_v the_o law_n so_o great_a care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v lest_o by_o too_o frequent_a dispensation_n and_o such_o as_o be_v grant_v without_o very_o weighty_a reason_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n be_v shake_v and_o occasion_n be_v give_v of_o envy_n and_o animosity_n among_o subject_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o equity_n x._o equity_n equity_n and_o dispense_v equity_n be_v a_o correction_n of_o that_o in_o which_o the_o law_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o general_n comprehension_n be_v deficient_a or_o a_o apt_a interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o peculiar_a case_n which_o be_v not_o comprise_v in_o the_o universal_a law_n because_o if_o it_o be_v some_o absurdity_n will_v follow_v for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o all_o case_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o infinite_a variety_n shall_v be_v either_o foresee_v or_o explicit_o provide_v for_o therefore_o the_o judge_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o apply_v the_o general_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n to_o special_a case_n aught_o to_o except_v such_o from_o the_o influence_n of_o they_o as_o the_o lawgiver_n himself_o will_v have_v except_v if_o he_o be_v present_a or_o have_v foresee_v such_o case_n now_o the_o action_n of_o man_n obtain_v certain_a bad_a xi_o action_n allowable_a good_a and_o bad_a quality_n and_o denomination_n from_o their_o relation_n to_o and_o agreement_n with_o the_o law_n of_o morality_n and_o all_o those_o action_n concern_v which_o the_o law_n have_v determine_v nothing_o on_o either_o side_n be_v call_v allowable_a or_o permit_v although_o sometime_o in_o ordinary_a lawcase_n where_o all_o matter_n can_v be_v examine_v with_o the_o great_a accuracy_n those_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v allowable_a upon_o which_o the_o law_n have_v not_o assign_v some_o punishment_n though_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o repugnant_a to_o natural_a honesty_n and_o then_o those_o action_n which_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n be_v good_a those_o that_o be_v contrary_a to_o it_o be_v call_v bad_a but_o that_o any_o action_n shall_v be_v good_a it_o be_v requisite_a that_o it_o be_v exact_o agreeable_a in_o every_o point_n to_o the_o law_n whereas_o it_o may_v be_v evil_a if_o it_o be_v deficient_a in_o one_o point_n only_o as_o for_o justice_n it_o be_v sometime_o the_o attribute_n person_n xii_o justice_n of_o person_n of_o action_n sometime_o of_o person_n when_o it_o be_v attribute_v to_o person_n it_o be_v usual_o define_v to_o be_v a_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a desire_n of_o give_v every_o one_o their_o own_o for_o he_o be_v call_v a_o just_a man_n who_o be_v delight_v in_o do_v righteous_a thing_n who_o study_v justice_n and_o in_o all_o his_o action_n endeavour_n to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v right_a on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o unjust_a man_n be_v he_o that_o neglect_v the_o give_v every_o man_n his_o own_o or_o if_o he_o do_v it_o be_v not_o because_o it_o be_v due_a but_o from_o expectation_n of_o advantage_n to_o himself_o so_o that_o a_o just_a man_n may_v sometime_o do_v unjust_a thing_n and_o a_o unjust_a man_n that_o which_o be_v just_a but_o the_o just_a do_v that_o which_o be_v right_a because_o he_o be_v so_o command_v by_o the_o law_n and_o act_v the_o contrary_a only_o through_o infirmity_n whereas_o the_o wicked_a man_n do_v a_o just_a thing_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o punishment_n which_o be_v the_o sanction_n of_o the_o command_n but_o he_o act_v wrongful_o from_o the_o naughtiness_n of_o his_o heart_n but_o when_o justice_n be_v attribute_v to_o action_n xiii_o of_o action_n action_n than_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o right_a application_n of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o person_n and_o a_o just_a action_n do_v of_o choice_n or_o know_o and_o witting_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v due_a so_o that_o the_o justice_n of_o action_n differ_v from_o goodness_n chief_o in_o this_o that_o the_o latter_a simple_o denote_v a_o agreement_n with_o the_o law_n whereas_o justice_n also_o include_v the_o regard_n they_o have_v to_o those_o person_n upon_o who_o they_o be_v exercise_v upon_o which_o account_n justice_n be_v call_v a_o relative_n virtue_n man_n do_v not_o general_o agree_v about_o justice_n fourteen_o division_n of_o justice_n the_o division_n of_o justice_n the_o most_o receive_a distinction_n be_v into_o universal_a and_o particular_a the_o first_o be_v when_o every_o duty_n be_v practise_v and_o all_o right_n do_v to_o other_o even_o that_o which_o can_v not_o have_v be_v extort_a by_o force_n or_o by_o the_o rigour_n of_o law_n the_o latter_a be_v when_o that_o justice_n only_o be_v do_v a_o man_n which_o in_o his_o own_o right_n he_o can_v have_v demand_v and_o this_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o distributive_a and_o commutative_a the_o distributive_a take_v place_n in_o contract_n make_v between_o a_o society_n and_o its_o member_n concern_v fair_a partition_n of_o loss_n and_o gain_n according_a to_o a_o rate_n the_o commutative_a be_v most_o in_o bargain_n make_v upon_o even_a hand_n about_o thing_n and_o do_n relate_v to_o traffic_n and_o deal_v know_v thus_o what_o justice_n be_v what_o xv._o injustice_n what_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v what_o be_v injustice_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o such_o a_o unjust_a action_n be_v call_v wrong-doing_a which_o be_v premeditately_a undertake_v and_o by_o which_o a_o violence_n be_v do_v upon_o somewhat_o which_o of_o absolute_a right_n be_v another_o man_n due_a or_o which_o by_o like_a right_n he_o one_o way_n or_o other_o stand_v possess_v of_o and_o this_o wrong_n may_v be_v do_v after_o a_o threefold_a manner_n 1._o if_o that_o be_v deny_v to_o another_o which_o in_o his_o own_o right_n he_o may_v demand_v not_o account_v that_o which_o from_o courtesy_n or_o the_o like_a virtue_n may_v be_v another_o due_n or_o 2._o if_o that_o be_v take_v away_o from_o another_o of_o which_o by_o the_o same_o right_n then_o valid_a against_o the_o invader_n he_o be_v in_o full_a possession_n or_o 3._o if_o any_o damage_n be_v do_v to_o another_o which_o we_o have_v not_o authority_n to_o do_v to_o he_o beside_o which_o that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o injustice_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o there_o be_v a_o naughty_a mind_n and_o a_o evil_a design_n in_o he_o that_o act_v it_o for_o if_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o these_o in_o it_o then_o it_o be_v only_o call_v misfortune_n or_o a_o fault_n and_o that_o be_v so_o much_o slight_a or_o more_o grievous_a as_o the_o sloth_n and_o negligence_n which_o occasion_v it_o be_v great_a or_o less_o law_n with_o respect_n to_o their_o author_n distinguish_v xvi_o law_n distinguish_v be_v distinguish_v into_o divine_a and_o humane_a that_o proceed_v from_o god_n and_o this_o from_o man_n but_o if_o law_n be_v consider_v as_o they_o have_v a_o necessary_a and_o universal_a congruity_n with_o mankind_n they_o be_v then_o distinguish_v into_o natural_a and_o positive_a the_o former_a be_v that_o which_o be_v so_o agreeable_a with_o the_o rational_a and_o sociable_a nature_n of_o man_n that_o honest_a and_o peaceable_a society_n can_v not_o be_v keep_v up_o among_o mankind_n without_o it_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o this_o may_v be_v seek_v out_o and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o acquire_v by_o the_o light_n of_o that_o reason_n which_o be_v bear_v with_o every_o man_n and_o by_o a_o consideration_n of_o human_a nature_n in_o general_n the_o latter_a be_v that_o which_o take_v not_o its_o rise_n from_o the_o common_a condition_n of_o human_a nature_n but_o only_o from_o the_o good_a pleasure_n of_o the_o legislator_n not_o that_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v without_o its_o reason_n but_o shall_v carry_v with_o it_o advantage_n to_o those_o man_n or_o that_o society_n for_o which_o it_o be_v design_v now_o the_o law_n divine_a be_v either_o natural_a or_o positive_a but_o all_o human_a law_n strict_o take_v be_v positive_a chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o man_n who_o have_v
allowance_n and_o limitation_n that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o take_v away_o another_o man_n life_n when_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o we_o after_o a_o more_o convenient_a way_n to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n we_o be_v in_o yet_o in_o consideration_n of_o that_o great_a perturbation_n of_o mind_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v occasion_v upon_o the_o appearance_n of_o imminent_a mischief_n it_o be_v not_o usual_a to_o be_v overrigorous_a in_o the_o examination_n of_o these_o matter_n for_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o a_o man_n tremble_v under_o the_o apprehension_n of_o danger_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o find_v out_o so_o exact_o all_o those_o way_n of_o escape_v which_o to_o one_o who_o sedate_o consider_v the_o case_n may_v be_v plain_a enough_o hence_o though_o it_o be_v rashness_n for_o i_o to_o come_v out_o of_o a_o safe_a hold_v to_o he_o who_o shall_v challenge_v i_o yet_o if_o another_o shall_v set_v upon_o i_o in_o a_o open_a place_n i_o be_o not_o straight_o oblige_v to_o be_v take_v myself_o to_o flight_n except_o there_o be_v at_o hand_n such_o a_o place_n of_o refuge_n as_o i_o may_v withdraw_v into_o without_o peril_n neither_o be_o i_o always_o bind_v to_o retire_v because_o than_o i_o turn_v my_o defenceless_a back_n and_o there_o may_v be_v hazard_n of_o fall_v beside_o that_o have_v once_o lose_v my_o posture_n i_o can_v hardly_o recover_v it_o again_o but_o as_o the_o plea_n of_o self-defence_n be_v allow_v to_o that_o person_n who_o shall_v thus_o encounter_v danger_n when_o he_o be_v go_v about_o his_o lawful_a business_n whereas_o if_o he_o have_v stay_v at_o home_n he_o have_v be_v safe_a enough_o so_o it_o be_v deny_v to_o he_o who_o be_v challenge_v to_o a_o duel_n shall_v by_o appear_v set_v himself_o in_o that_o condition_n that_o except_o he_o kill_v his_o adversary_n himself_o must_v be_v slay_v for_o the_o law_n have_v forbid_v his_o venture_n into_o such_o danger_n any_o excuse_n on_o account_n thereof_o be_v not_o to_o be_v regard_v member_n fourteen_o defence_n of_o member_n what_o may_v be_v do_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o life_n may_v also_o for_o the_o member_n so_o as_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v acquit_v for_o a_o honest_a man_n who_o shall_v kill_v a_o russian_a that_o perhaps_o have_v no_o far_a intention_n than_o to_o maim_v he_o or_o give_v he_o some_o grievous_a wound_n for_o all_o mankind_n do_v natural_o abhor_v to_o be_v maim_v or_o wound_v and_o the_o cut_n off_o any_o especial_o of_o the_o more_o noble_a member_n be_v often_o not_o of_o much_o less_o value_n than_o life_n itself_o beside_o we_o be_v not_o sure_a beforehand_o whether_o upon_o such_o wound_a and_o maim_v death_n may_v not_o follow_v and_o to_o endure_v this_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o patience_n that_o surpass_v the_o ordinary_a constancy_n of_o man_n to_o which_o no_o man_n be_v regular_o oblige_v by_o the_o law_n only_o to_o gratify_v the_o outrageous_a humour_n of_o a_o rogue_n moreover_o what_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v chastity_n xv._o defence_n of_o chastity_n do_v for_o preservation_n of_o life_n be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v so_o for_o chastity_n since_o there_o can_v be_v a_o more_o horrid_a abuse_n offer_v to_o a_o honest_a woman_n than_o to_o force_v she_o out_o of_o that_o which_o be_v keep_v undefiled_a be_v esteem_v the_o great_a glory_n of_o their_o sex_n and_o to_o put_v upon_o she_o a_o necessity_n of_o raise_v a_o offspring_n to_o her_o enemy_n out_o of_o her_o own_o blood_n as_o for_o defence_n of_o good_n or_o estate_n this_o estate_n xvi_o defence_n of_o good_n estate_n may_v among_o those_o who_o be_v in_o a_o state_n of_o natural_a liberty_n go_v as_o far_o as_o the_o slaughter_n of_o the_o invader_n provide_v what_o be_v in_o controversy_n be_v not_o a_o thing_n contemptible_a for_o without_o thing_n necessary_a we_o can_v keep_v ourselves_o alive_a and_o he_o equal_o declare_v himself_o my_o enemy_n who_o wrongful_o seize_v my_o estate_n as_o he_o that_o attempt_v upon_o my_o life_n but_o in_o community_n where_o what_o be_v ravish_v from_o we_o may_v with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o civil_a authority_n be_v recover_v this_o be_v not_o regular_o allow_v unless_o in_o such_o case_n when_o he_o that_o come_v to_o take_v away_o what_o we_o have_v can_v be_v bring_v to_o justice_n on_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o we_o may_v lawful_o kill_v highwayman_n and_o night-robber_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o self-defence_n in_o injure_v xvi_o self-defence_n in_o he_o that_o first_o injure_v those_o who_o without_o provocation_n be_v unjust_o invade_v by_o other_o but_o for_o he_o who_o have_v first_o do_v a_o injury_n to_o another_o he_o can_v only_o then_o right_o defend_v himself_o with_o force_n and_o hurt_v the_o other_o again_o when_o have_v repent_v of_o what_o he_o have_v do_v he_o have_v offer_v reparation_n of_o the_o wrong_n and_o security_n for_o the_o future_a yet_o he_o who_o be_v first_o injure_v shall_v out_o of_o ill_a nature_n refuse_v the_o same_o and_o endeavour_v to_o revenge_v himself_o by_o violence_n last_o self-preservation_n be_v of_o so_o much_o necessity_n xviii_o self-preservation_n in_o case_n of_o necessity_n regard_n that_o if_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v have_v in_o many_o case_n it_o exempt_v we_o from_o our_o obedience_n to_o the_o stand_a law_n and_o on_o this_o score_n it_o be_v that_o necessity_n be_v say_v to_o have_v no_o law_n for_o see_v man_n be_v natural_o inspirited_a with_o such_o a_o earnest_a desire_n to_o preserve_v himself_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v presume_v that_o there_o be_v any_o obligation_n lay_v upon_o he_o to_o which_o he_o be_v to_o sacrifice_v his_o own_o safety_n for_o though_o not_o only_a god_n but_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n when_o the_o necessity_n of_o affair_n require_v it_o may_v lay_v upon_o we_o so_o strict_a a_o injunction_n that_o we_o ought_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o vary_v a_o tittle_n from_o it_o yet_o the_o general_a obligation_n of_o law_n be_v not_o hold_v to_o be_v so_o rigorous_a for_o the_o legislator_n or_o those_o who_o first_o introduce_v rule_n for_o mankind_n to_o act_v by_o make_v it_o their_o design_n to_o promote_v the_o safety_n and_o common_a good_a of_o man_n must_v regular_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v before_o their_o eye_n the_o condition_n of_o human_a nature_n and_o to_o have_v consider_v how_o impossible_a it_o be_v for_o a_o man_n not_o to_o shun_v and_o keep_v off_o all_o thing_n that_o tend_v to_o his_o own_o destruction_n hence_o those_o law_n especial_o call_v positive_a and_o all_o human_a institution_n be_v judge_v to_o except_v case_n of_o necessity_n or_o not_o to_o oblige_v when_o the_o observation_n of_o they_o must_v be_v accompany_v with_o some_o evil_n which_o be_v destructive_a to_o human_a nature_n or_o not_o tolerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a constancy_n of_o man_n unless_o it_o be_v express_o so_o order_v or_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n require_v that_o even_o that_o also_o must_v be_v undergo_v not_o that_o necessity_n justify_v the_o breach_n of_o a_o law_n and_o commission_n of_o sin_n but_o it_o be_v presume_v from_o the_o favourable_a intention_n of_o the_o legislator_n and_o the_o consideration_n of_o man_n nature_n that_o case_n of_o necessity_n be_v not_o include_v in_o the_o general_a word_n of_o a_o law_n this_o will_v be_v plain_a by_o a_o instance_n or_o two_o though_o otherwise_o man_n have_v no_o such_o member_n xix_o cut_v off_o member_n power_n over_o his_o own_o member_n as_o that_o he_o may_v lose_v or_o maim_v any_o of_o they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n yet_o he_o be_v justifiable_a in_o cut_v off_o a_o gangrened_a limb_n in_o order_n to_o save_v the_o whole_a body_n or_o to_o preserve_v those_o part_n which_o be_v sound_a or_o lest_o the_o other_o member_n be_v render_v useless_a by_o a_o dead_a and_o cumbersome_a piece_n of_o flesh_n if_o in_o a_o shipwreck_n more_o man_n leap_v into_o many_o xx._n one_o lose_v to_o save_v many_o the_o boat_n than_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o carry_v and_o no_o one_o have_v more_o right_a than_o another_o to_o it_o they_o may_v draw_v lot_n who_o shall_v be_v cast_v overboard_o and_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v refuse_v to_o take_v his_o chance_n he_o may_v be_v throw_v over_o without_o any_o more_o ado_n as_o one_o that_o seek_v the_o destruction_n of_o all_o if_o two_o happen_v into_o imminent_a danger_n of_o self_n xxi_o one_o lose_v to_o save_v self_n their_o life_n where_o both_o must_v perish_v one_o may_v as_o he_o see_v good_a hasten_v the_o death_n of_o the_o other_o that_o he_o may_v save_v himself_o for_o instance_n if_o i_o who_o be_o a_o skilful_a swimmer_n shall_v fall_v into_o some_o deep_a water_n with_o another_o who_o can_v not_o swim_v at_o all_o and_o he_o cling_v about_o i_o i_o not_o be_v strong_a
physic_n to_o soften_v the_o obstinate_a or_o to_o divert_v the_o evil_a intention_n of_o another_o and_o the_o like_a or_o if_o the_o secret_n and_o resolution_n of_o a_o community_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v from_o public_a knowledge_n we_o may_v raise_v false_a rumour_n in_o order_n to_o conceal_v they_o and_o to_o mislead_v the_o importunate_a curiosity_n of_o other_o or_o if_o we_o have_v a_o enemy_n who_o by_o open_a force_n we_o can_v annoy_v we_o may_v by_o way_n of_o stratagem_n make_v use_v of_o any_o lie_a tale_n to_o do_v he_o mischief_n on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o any_o man_n be_v etc._n x._o part_n of_o the_o truth_n etc._n etc._n bind_v in_o duty_n to_o signify_v plain_o his_o true_a meaning_n to_o another_o he_o be_v not_o without_o blame_n if_o he_o discover_v only_o a_o part_n of_o the_o truth_n or_o amuse_v he_o with_o ambiguous_a discourse_n or_o use_v some_o mental_a reservation_n not_o allow_v in_o the_o common_a conversation_n of_o man_n chap._n xi_o the_o duty_n of_o those_o that_o take_v a_o oath_n all_o man_n agree_v in_o the_o opinion_n that_o oath_n i._o a_o oath_n a_o oath_n give_v a_o great_a additional_a confirmation_n to_o all_o our_o assertion_n and_o to_o those_o action_n which_o depend_v upon_o our_o discourse_n a_o oath_n be_v a_o religious_a asseveration_n by_o which_o we_o disavow_v the_o divine_a clemency_n or_o imprecate_v to_o ourselves_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n if_o we_o speak_v not_o the_o truth_n now_o when_o a_o alwise_a and_o a_o almighty_a witness_n and_o guaranty_n be_v invoke_v it_o cause_v a_o strong_a presumption_n of_o the_o truth_n because_o no_o man_n can_v easy_o be_v think_v so_o wicked_a as_o to_o dare_v rash_o to_o call_v down_o upon_o himself_o the_o grievous_a indignation_n of_o the_o deity_n hence_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o those_o that_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o take_v the_o same_o with_o awful_a reverence_n and_o religious_o to_o observe_v what_o they_o have_v swear_v now_o the_o end_n and_o use_v of_o a_o oath_n be_v use_v ii_o the_o end_n and_o use_v chief_o this_o to_o oblige_v man_n the_o more_o firm_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n or_o to_o make_v good_a their_o promise_n and_o contract_v out_o of_o a_o awe_n of_o the_o divine_a be_v who_o be_v infinite_o wise_a and_o powerful_a who_o vengeance_n they_o imprecate_v to_o themselves_o when_o they_o swear_v if_o they_o witting_o be_v guilty_a of_o deceit_n whereas_o otherwise_o the_o fear_n of_o what_o man_n can_v do_v may_v not_o be_v sufficient_a because_o possible_o they_o may_v hope_v to_o oppose_v or_o escape_v their_o power_n or_o to_o beguile_v their_o understanding_n and_o since_o nothing_o but_o the_o deity_n be_v what_o iii_o swear_v by_o what_o omniscient_a and_o almighty_a it_o be_v absurd_a to_o swear_v by_o any_o thing_n which_o we_o do_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o divinity_n in_o this_o sense_n as_o to_o call_v upon_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n to_o the_o oath_n and_o a_o avenger_n of_o the_o perjury_n though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o may_v be_v common_a to_o name_v in_o oath_n some_o certain_a thing_n by_o which_o a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o swear_v in_o this_o sense_n that_o he_o implore_v god_n if_o he_o swear_v false_o to_o execute_v his_o vengeance_n upon_o that_o thing_n chief_o as_o be_v most_o dear_a and_o of_o great_a value_n to_o he_o who_o swear_v accommodate_v iu_o form_n how_o to_o be_v accommodate_v in_o oath_n the_o form_n which_o be_v prescribe_v by_o which_o the_o person_n swear_v invoke_v god_n as_o a_o witness_n and_o a_o avenger_n be_v to_o be_v accommodate_v to_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o say_v swearer_n that_o be_v to_o that_o persuasion_n and_o opinion_n of_o god_n which_o he_o be_v of_o for_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o make_v a_o man_n swear_v by_o a_o god_n who_o he_o do_v not_o believe_v and_o consequent_o do_v not_o fear_n but_o no_o man_n suppose_v himself_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n in_o any_o other_o form_n nor_o under_o any_o other_o notion_n than_o that_o which_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o precept_n of_o his_o religion_n which_o in_o his_o opinion_n be_v the_o true_a hence_o also_o it_o be_v that_o he_o who_o swear_v by_o false_a god_n which_o yet_o himself_o take_v to_o be_v true_a one_o shall_v however_o be_v oblige_v and_o if_o he_o break_v his_o word_n shall_v be_v account_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n because_o he_o set_v the_o general_a notion_n of_o the_o deity_n before_o his_o eye_n it_o be_v no_o matter_n what_o singular_a conception_n he_o may_v have_v thereof_o and_o so_o have_v know_o forswear_v himself_o he_o have_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v violate_v the_o reverence_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o divine_a majesty_n that_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v bind_v it_o be_v necessary_a vi_o deliberation_n necessary_a necessary_a it_o be_v take_v with_o deliberation_n whence_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v oblige_v by_o a_o oath_n who_o mere_o recite_v it_o or_o speak_v in_o the_o first_o person_n dictate_v the_o concept_n formal_a word_n thereof_o to_o another_o who_o be_v to_o say_v after_o he_o but_o he_o who_o shall_v serious_o behave_v himself_o as_o one_o that_o be_v about_o to_o swear_v solemn_o shall_v be_v oblige_v whatsoever_o mental_a reservation_n he_o all_o the_o while_n may_v harbour_v in_o his_o mind_n for_o otherwise_o all_o oath_n nay_o all_o method_n of_o mutual_a obligation_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o plain_a signification_n will_v be_v of_o no_o use_n to_o humane_a life_n if_o any_o man_n by_o his_o tacit_n intention_n can_v hinder_v such_o a_o act_n from_o produce_v those_o effect_n which_o be_v the_o very_a design_n of_o its_o be_v do_v oath_n do_v not_o of_o themselves_o produce_v oblige_v vi_o oath_n how_o oblige_v any_o new_a and_o particular_a obligation_n but_o be_v superinduce_v upon_o a_o obligation_n that_o be_v before_o valid_a as_o a_o accessional_a strength_n to_o the_o engagement_n for_o always_o when_o we_o swear_v we_o have_v somewhat_o under_o our_o contemplation_n which_o not_o make_v good_a we_o provoke_v the_o divine_a wrath_n upon_o ourselves_o and_o this_o it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v if_o it_o be_v not_o unlawful_a not_o to_o perform_v what_o be_v suppose_v and_o consequent_o not_o oblige_v so_o to_o do_v beforehand_o though_o sometime_o it_o must_v be_v allow_v that_o the_o prime_a engagement_n and_o the_o oath_n too_o may_v be_v comprise_v in_o the_o same_o sentence_n as_o thus_o as_o god_n help_v i_o i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o hundred_o pound_n where_o the_o oath_n be_v not_o superfluous_a albeit_o it_o be_v add_v to_o a_o promise_n that_o be_v valid_a of_o it_o self_n because_o though_o every_o good_a man_n believe_v a_o bare_a promise_n to_o oblige_v yet_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o more_o firm_a when_o it_o be_v reinforce_v with_o a_o imprecation_n of_o vengeance_n from_o above_o upon_o a_o failure_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o any_o act_n which_o have_v natural_o a_o flaw_n in_o themselves_o can_v be_v make_v obligatory_a by_o the_o accession_n of_o a_o oath_n as_o neither_o can_v a_o subsequent_a oath_n avoid_v a_o former_a legitimate_a engagement_n or_o annul_v that_o right_n which_o another_o may_v claim_v thereby_o thus_o a_o man_n will_v swear_v in_o vain_a not_o to_o pay_v another_o person_n what_o be_v just_o due_a to_o he_o nor_o will_v a_o oath_n be_v of_o any_o validity_n where_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o juror_n upon_o supposition_n of_o a_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v which_o be_v not_o real_o so_o and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v so_o swear_v have_v not_o he_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v do_v especial_o if_o he_o be_v cajole_v into_o such_o his_o error_n by_o the_o craft_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v neither_o shall_v he_o who_o by_o set_v i_o under_o panic_n fear_v force_n i_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n have_v any_o good_a title_n to_o require_v my_o performance_n farthermore_o a_o oath_n shall_v have_v no_o obligation_n upon_o i_o to_o do_v any_o unlawful_a act_n or_o to_o omit_v the_o perform_v any_o duty_n enjoin_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o man._n last_o a_o oath_n can_v alter_v the_o nature_n or_o substance_n of_o the_o contract_n or_o promise_v to_o which_o it_o be_v annex_v hence_o it_o can_v oblige_v to_o impossibility_n again_o a_o conditional_a promise_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v not_o change_v into_o positive_a or_o absolute_a and_o to_o a_o swear_a promise_n as_o well_o as_o to_o one_o without_o a_o oath_n acceptance_n from_o the_o other_o party_n be_v require_v to_o make_v it_o obligatory_a but_o the_o take_n of_o a_o oath_n have_v this_o punishment_n vii_o punishment_n effect_n among_o man_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o that_o
concern_v which_o a_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o give_v a_o account_n before_o any_o human_a tribunal_n for_o where_o a_o absolute_a freedom_n of_o choice_n be_v whole_o take_v away_o there_o not_o the_o man_n who_o act_n but_o he_o that_o impose_v upon_o he_o the_o necessity_n of_o so_o do_v be_v to_o be_v repute_v the_o author_n of_o that_o action_n to_o which_o the_o other_o unwilling_o minister_v with_o his_o strength_n and_o limb_n furthermore_o though_o the_o will_v affect_v xi_o the_o will_v various_o affect_v do_v always_o desire_v good_a in_o general_n and_o have_v continual_o a_o aversion_n for_o evil_a also_o in_o general_a yet_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o desire_n and_o action_n may_v be_v find_v among_o man_n and_o this_o arise_v from_o hence_o that_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v good_a and_o evil_n do_v not_o appear_v pure_o so_o to_o man_n but_o mix_v together_o the_o good_a with_o the_o bad_a and_o the_o bad_a with_o the_o good_a and_o because_o different_a object_n do_v particular_o affect_v divers_a part_n as_o it_o be_v of_o a_o man_n for_o instance_n some_o regard_n that_o good_a opinion_n and_o respect_n that_o a_o man_n have_v for_o himself_o some_o affect_v the_o outward_a sense_n and_o some_o that_o love_n of_o himself_o from_o which_o he_o desire_v his_o own_o preservation_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o those_o of_o the_o first_o sort_n appear_v to_o he_o as_o decorous_a of_o the_o second_o as_o pleasant_a and_o of_o the_o last_o as_o profitable_a and_o according_o as_o each_o of_o these_o have_v make_v a_o powerful_a impression_n upon_o a_o man_n it_o bring_v upon_o he_o a_o peculiar_a propensity_n that_o wayward_a whereto_o may_v be_v add_v the_o particular_a inclination_n and_o aversion_n that_o be_v in_o most_o man_n to_o some_o certain_a thing_n from_o all_o which_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o upon_o any_o action_n several_a sort_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a offer_n themselves_o which_o either_o be_v true_a or_o appear_v so_o which_o some_o have_v more_o some_o less_o sagacity_n to_o distinguish_v with_o solidity_n of_o judgement_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o one_o man_n shall_v be_v carry_v eager_o on_o to_o that_o which_o another_o perfect_o abhor_v but_o neither_o be_v the_o will_n of_o man_n always_o inclination_n xii_o the_o will_n bias_v by_o natural_a inclination_n find_v to_o stand_v equal_o poise_v with_o regard_n to_o every_o action_n that_o so_o the_o inclination_n thereof_o to_o this_o or_o that_o side_n shall_v come_v only_o from_o a_o internal_a impulse_n after_o a_o due_a consideration_n have_v of_o all_o its_o circumstance_n but_o it_o be_v very_o often_o push_v on_o one_o way_n rather_o than_o another_o by_o some_o outward_a movement_n for_o that_o we_o may_v pass_v by_o that_o universal_a propensity_n to_o evil_a which_o be_v in_o all_o mortal_n the_o original_a and_o nature_n of_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o examination_n of_o another_o divine_n another_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o divine_n forum_n first_o a_o peculiar_a disposition_n of_o nature_n put_v a_o particular_a kind_n of_o bias_n upon_o the_o will_n by_o which_o some_o be_v strong_o incline_v to_o certain_a sort_n of_o action_n and_o this_o be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o single_a man_n but_o in_o whole_a nation_n this_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n that_o surround_v we_o and_o of_o the_o soil_n and_o from_o that_o constitution_n of_o our_o body_n which_o either_o be_v derive_v to_o we_o in_o the_o seed_n of_o our_o parent_n or_o be_v occasion_v in_o we_o by_o our_o age_n diet_n the_o want_n or_o enjoyment_n of_o health_n the_o method_n of_o our_o study_n or_o way_n of_o live_v and_o cause_n of_o that_o sort_n beside_o the_o various_a formation_n of_o the_o organ_n which_o the_o mind_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o performance_n of_o its_o several_a office_n and_o the_o like_a and_o here_o beside_o that_o a_o man_n may_v with_o due_a ear_n very_o much_o alter_v the_o temperament_n of_o his_o body_n and_o repress_v the_o exorbitance_n of_o his_o natural_a inclination_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o how_o much_o power_n soever_o we_o attribute_v hereto_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v of_o that_o force_n as_o to_o hurry_v a_o man_n into_o such_o a_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o shall_v render_v he_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o civil_a judicature_n where_o evil_a desire_n be_v not_o animadvert_v on_o provide_v they_o break_v not_o forth_o into_o external_a action_n so_o that_o after_o all_o the_o pain_n that_o can_v be_v take_v to_o repel_v nature_n if_o it_o take_v its_o full_a swinge_n yet_o it_o may_v so_o far_o be_v restrain_v as_o not_o to_o produce_v open_a act_n of_o wickedness_n and_o the_o difficulty_n which_o happen_v in_o vanquish_a those_o propensity_n be_v abundant_o recompense_v in_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o conquest_n but_o if_o these_o impulse_n be_v so_o strong_a upon_o the_o mind_n that_o they_o can_v be_v contain_v from_o break_v forth_o yet_o there_o may_v be_v find_v a_o way_n as_o it_o be_v to_o draw_v they_o off_o without_o sin_n the_o frequent_a repetition_n of_o action_n of_o custom_n xiii_o by_o custom_n the_o same_o kind_n do_v also_o incline_v the_o will_n to_o do_v certain_a thing_n and_o the_o propensity_n which_o proceed_v from_o hence_o be_v call_v habit_n or_o custom_n for_o it_o be_v by_o this_o that_o any_o thing_n be_v undertake_v ready_o and_o willing_o so_o that_o the_o object_n be_v present_v the_o mind_n seem_v to_o be_v force_v thitherward_o or_o if_o it_o be_v absent_a the_o same_o be_v earnest_o desirous_a of_o it_o concern_v which_o this_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o as_o there_o appear_v to_o be_v no_o custom_n but_o what_o a_o man_n may_v by_o apply_v a_o due_a care_n break_v and_o leave_v off_o so_o neither_o can_v any_o so_o far_o put_v a_o force_n upon_o the_o will_n but_o that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v able_a at_o any_o time_n to_o restrain_v himself_o from_o any_o external_a act_n at_o least_o to_o which_o by_o that_o he_o be_v urge_v and_o because_o it_o be_v in_o the_o person_n own_o power_n to_o have_v contract_v this_o habit_n or_o no_o whatsoever_o easiness_n it_o bring_v to_o any_o action_n yet_o if_o that_o action_n be_v good_a it_o lose_v nothing_o of_o its_o value_n therefore_o as_o neither_o do_v a_o evil_a thing_n abate_v aught_o of_o its_o pravity_n but_o as_o a_o good_a habit_n bring_v praise_n to_o a_o man_n so_o a_o ill_a one_o show_v his_o shame_n it_o be_v also_o of_o great_a consideration_n whether_o passion_n fourteen_o by_o passion_n the_o mind_n be_v in_o a_o quiet_a and_o placid_a state_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v affect_v with_o those_o peculiar_a motion_n we_o call_v the_o passion_n of_o these_o it_o be_v to_o be_v know_v that_o how_o violent_a soever_o they_o be_v a_o man_n with_o the_o right_a use_n of_o his_o reason_n may_v yet_o conquer_v they_o or_o at_o least_o contain_v they_o without_o the_o bound_n of_o action_n but_o whereas_o of_o the_o passion_n some_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o appearance_n of_o good_a and_o other_o of_o evil_a and_o do_v urge_v either_o to_o the_o procure_n of_o somewhat_o that_o be_v acceptable_a or_o to_o the_o avoid_n of_o what_o be_v mischievous_a it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o human_a nature_n that_o these_o shall_v meet_v among_o man_n more_o favour_n and_o pardon_n than_o those_o and_o that_o according_a to_o such_o degree_n as_o the_o mischief_n that_o excite_v they_o be_v more_o hurtful_a and_o intolerable_a for_o to_o want_v a_o good_a not_o altogether_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o nature_n be_v account_v more_o easy_a than_o to_o endure_v a_o evil_n which_o tend_v to_o nature_n destruction_n furthermore_o as_o there_o be_v certain_a intoxication_n xv._o by_o intoxication_n malady_n which_o take_v away_o all_o use_n of_o the_o reason_n either_o perpetual_o or_o for_o a_o time_n so_o it_o be_v customary_a in_o many_o country_n for_o man_n on_o purpose_n to_o procure_v to_o themselves_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o disease_n which_o go_v off_o in_o a_o short_a time_n but_o which_o very_a much_o confound_v the_o reason_v faculty_n by_o this_o we_o mean_v drunkenness_n proceed_v from_o certain_a kind_n of_o drink_n and_o fume_n which_o incense_n and_o disturb_v the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n thereby_o render_v man_n very_o prone_a to_o lust_n anger_n rashness_n and_o immoderate_a mirth_n so_o that_o many_o by_o drunkenness_n be_v set_v as_o it_o be_v beside_o themselves_o and_o seem_v to_o have_v put_v on_o another_o nature_n than_o that_o which_o they_o be_v of_o when_o sober_a but_o as_o this_o do_v not_o always_o take_v away_o the_o whole_a use_n of_o reason_n so_o as_o far_o as_o the_o person_n do_v willing_o put_v himself_o
actual_o drive_v another_o way_n yet_o we_o find_v ourselves_o hereby_o strike_v as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o internal_a sense_n that_o if_o our_o action_n be_v not_o perform_v according_a to_o the_o prescript_n rule_v we_o can_v but_o confess_v we_o have_v not_o do_v right_o and_o if_o any_o mischief_n happen_v to_o we_o upon_o that_o account_n we_o may_v fair_o charge_v ourselves_o with_o the_o same_o because_o it_o may_v have_v be_v avoid_v if_o the_o rule_n have_v be_v follow_v as_o it_o ought_v and_o there_o be_v two_o reason_n why_o man_n obligation_n iv_o man_n subject_n to_o obligation_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o a_o obligation_n one_o be_v because_o he_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o will_n which_o may_v be_v divers_a way_n direct_v and_o so_o be_v conform_v to_o a_o rule_n the_o other_o because_o man_n be_v not_o exempt_a from_o the_o power_n of_o a_o superior_a for_o where_o the_o faculty_n of_o any_o agent_n be_v by_o nature_n form_v only_o for_o one_o way_n of_o act_v there_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o expect_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v of_o choice_n and_o to_o such_o a_o creature_n it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o prescribe_v any_o rule_n because_o it_o be_v uncapable_a of_o understand_v the_o same_o or_o conform_v its_o action_n thereto_o now_o if_o there_o be_v any_o one_o who_o have_v no_o superior_a then_o there_o be_v no_o power_n that_o can_v of_o right_o impose_v a_o necessity_n upon_o he_o and_o if_o he_o perpetual_o observe_v a_o certain_a rule_n in_o what_o he_o do_v and_o constant_o abstain_v from_o do_v many_o thing_n he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o act_v thus_o from_o any_o obligation_n that_o lie_v upon_o he_o but_o from_o his_o own_o good_a pleasure_n it_o will_v follow_v then_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v capable_a of_o obligation_n who_o have_v a_o superior_a and_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v the_o rule_n prescribe_v and_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o will_v which_o may_v be_v direct_v several_a way_n and_o yet_o which_o when_o the_o law_n be_v promulge_v by_o his_o superior_a know_v he_o can_v right_o depart_v therefrom_o and_o with_o all_o these_o faculty_n it_o be_v plain_a mankind_n be_v furnish_v a_o obligation_n be_v superinduce_v upon_o oblige_v v._o who_o can_v oblige_v the_o will_n of_o man_n proper_o by_o a_o superior_a that_o be_v not_o only_o by_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v great_a or_o strong_a can_v punish_v gainsayer_n but_o by_o he_o who_o have_v just_a reason_n to_o have_v a_o power_n to_o restrain_v the_o liberty_n of_o our_o will_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n now_o when_o any_o man_n have_v either_o of_o these_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v signify_v what_o he_o will_v have_v it_o necessary_o stir_v up_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o party_n concern_v fear_v mix_v with_o reverence_n towards_o the_o first_o in_o contemplation_n of_o his_o power_n and_o towards_o the_o second_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o those_o other_o reason_n which_o even_o without_o fear_n aught_o to_o allure_v any_o man_n to_o a_o compliance_n with_o his_o will._n for_o he_o that_o can_v give_v i_o no_o other_o reason_n for_o put_v i_o under_o a_o obligation_n against_o my_o will_n beside_o this_o that_o he_o be_v too_o strong_a for_o i_o he_o true_o may_v so_o terrify_v i_o that_o i_o may_v think_v it_o better_a to_o obey_v he_o for_o a_o while_n than_o suffer_v a_o great_a evil_n but_o when_o this_o fear_n be_v over_o nothing_o any_o long_a hinder_v but_o that_o i_o may_v act_v after_o my_o own_o choice_n and_o not_o he_o on_o the_o contrary_n he_o that_o have_v nothing_o but_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o i_o shall_v obey_v he_o but_o want_v power_n to_o do_v i_o any_o mischief_n if_o i_o deny_v i_o may_v with_o impunity_n slight_a his_o command_n except_o one_o more_o potent_a take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v good_a his_o despise_a authority_n now_o the_o reason_n upon_o which_o one_o man_n may_v just_o exact_v subjection_n from_o another_o be_v if_o he_o have_v be_v to_o the_o other_o the_o original_a of_o some_o extraordinary_a good_a and_o if_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o design_v the_o other_o welfare_n and_o be_v able_a to_o provide_v better_o for_o he_o than_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o himself_o to_o do_v and_o on_o the_o same_o account_n do_v actual_o lay_v claim_n to_o the_o government_n of_o he_o and_o last_o if_o any_o one_o do_v voluntary_o surrender_v his_o liberty_n to_o another_o and_o subject_n himself_o to_o his_o direction_n furthermore_o that_o a_o law_n may_v know_v vi_o the_o legislator_n and_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o law_n to_o be_v know_v exert_v its_o force_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v promulge_v it_o be_v require_v that_o both_o the_o legislator_n and_o the_o law_n also_o be_v know_v for_o no_o man_n can_v pay_v obedience_n if_o he_o know_v not_o who_o he_o be_v to_o obey_v and_o what_o he_o be_v to_o perform_v now_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o legislator_n be_v very_o easy_a because_o from_o the_o light_n of_o reason_n it_o be_v certain_a the_o same_o must_v be_v the_o author_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o be_v the_o creator_n of_o the_o universe_n nor_o can_v any_o man_n in_o civil_a society_n be_v ignorant_a who_o it_o be_v that_o have_v power_n over_o he_o then_o for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o declare_v how_o we_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o and_o as_o to_o the_o law_n of_o a_o man_n country_n or_o city_n the_o subject_n have_v notice_n give_v of_o they_o by_o a_o publication_n plain_o and_o open_o make_v in_o which_o these_o two_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v ascertain_v that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o law_n be_v he_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a authority_n in_o the_o community_n and_o that_o this_o or_o that_o be_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o law_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v know_v if_o he_o shall_v promulge_v the_o law_n with_o his_o own_o mouth_n or_o deliver_v it_o under_o his_o own_o hand_n or_o else_o if_o the_o same_o be_v do_v by_o such_o as_o be_v delegated_a to_o that_o purpose_n by_o he_o who_o authority_n it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o call_v in_o question_n if_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o such_o their_o act_n belong_v to_o that_o office_n they_o bear_v in_o the_o public_a and_o that_o they_o be_v regular_o place_v in_o the_o administration_n thereof_o if_o these_o law_n be_v to_o be_v put_v judicial_o in_o execution_n and_o if_o they_o contain_v nothing_o derogatory_n to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n that_o the_o latter_a that_o be_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o law_n be_v know_v it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o those_o who_o promulge_v it_o in_o so_o do_v to_o use_v the_o great_a perspicuity_n and_o plainness_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n obscure_a do_v occur_v therein_o a_o explanation_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v of_o the_o legislator_n or_o of_o those_o who_o be_v public_o constitute_v to_o give_v judgement_n according_a to_o law_n of_o every_o perfect_a law_n there_o be_v two_o law_n vii_o two_o part_n of_o a_o perfect_a law_n part_n one_o whereby_o it_o be_v direct_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o omit_v the_o other_o wherein_o be_v declare_v what_o punishment_n he_o shall_v incur_v who_o neglect_v to_o do_v what_o be_v command_v or_o attempt_n that_o which_o be_v prohibit_v for_o as_o through_o the_o pravity_n of_o human_a nature_n ever_o incline_v to_o thing_n forbid_v it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o say_v do_v this_o if_o no_o punishment_n shall_v be_v undergo_v by_o he_o who_o disobey_v so_o it_o be_v absurd_a to_o say_v you_o shall_v be_v punish_v except_o some_o reason_n precede_v by_o which_o a_o punishment_n be_v deserve_v thus_o than_o all_o the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n consist_v in_o signify_v what_o the_o superior_a require_v or_o forbid_v to_o be_v do_v and_o what_o punishment_n shall_v be_v inflict_v upon_o the_o violator_n but_o the_o power_n of_o oblige_v that_o be_v of_o impose_v a_o intrinsic_a necessity_n and_o the_o power_n of_o force_v or_o by_o the_o proposal_n of_o punishment_n compel_v the_o observation_n of_o law_n be_v proper_o in_o the_o legislator_n and_o in_o he_o to_o who_o the_o guardianship_n and_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n be_v commit_v whatsoever_o be_v enjoin_v by_o any_o essential_o viii_o other_o essential_o law_n ought_v not_o only_o to_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o he_o to_o perform_v on_o who_o the_o injunction_n be_v lay_v but_o it_o ought_v to_o contain_v somewhat_o advantageous_a either_o to_o he_o or_o other_o for_o as_o it_o will_v be_v absurd_a and_o cruel_a to_o exact_v the_o do_n of_o any_o thing_n from_o another_o under_o a_o penalty_n which_o it_o be_v and_o always_o be_v beyond_o his_o power_n to_o
thorough_o examine_v obvious_a i._o law_n natural_a obvious_a the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o mankind_n may_v plain_o understand_v what_o the_o law_n natural_a be_v the_o necessity_n thereof_o and_o which_o be_v the_o precept_n it_o propose_v and_o enjoin_v to_o we_o mortal_n for_o as_o it_o much_o conduce_v to_o he_o who_o will_v know_v exact_o the_o polity_n of_o any_o community_n that_o he_o first_o well_o understand_v the_o condition_n thereof_o and_o the_o manner_n and_o humour_n of_o the_o member_n who_o constitute_v it_o so_o to_o he_o who_o have_v well_o study_v the_o common_a nature_n and_o condition_n of_o man_n it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o find_v by_o what_o law_n the_o universal_a safety_n must_v be_v preserve_v this_o than_o man_n have_v in_o common_a with_o self-preservation_n ii_o self-preservation_n all_o other_o animal_n who_o have_v a_o sense_n of_o their_o own_o being_n that_o he_o account_v nothing_o dear_a than_o himself_o that_o he_o study_v all_o manner_n of_o way_n his_o own_o preservation_n and_o that_o he_o endeavour_v to_o procure_v to_o himself_o such_o thing_n as_o seem_v good_a for_o he_o and_o to_o avoid_v and_o keep_v off_o those_o that_o be_v mischievous_a and_o this_o desire_n of_o self-preservation_n regular_o be_v so_o strong_a that_o all_o our_o other_o appetite_n and_o passion_n give_v way_n to_o it_o so_o that_o whensoever_o a_o attempt_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o life_n of_o any_o man_n though_o he_o escape_v the_o danger_n threaten_v yet_o he_o usual_o resent_v it_o so_o as_o to_o retain_v a_o hatred_n still_o and_o a_o desire_n of_o revenge_n on_o the_o aggressor_n but_o in_o one_o particular_a man_n seem_v to_o necessary_a iii_o society_n absolute_o necessary_a be_v set_v in_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o that_o of_o brute_n that_o hardly_o any_o other_o animal_n come_v into_o the_o world_n in_o so_o great_a weakness_n so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o miracle_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v arrive_v at_o a_o mature_a age_n without_o the_o aid_n of_o some_o body_n else_o for_o even_o now_o after_o so_o many_o help_v find_v out_o for_o the_o necessity_n of_o human_a life_n yet_o a_o many_o year_n careful_a study_n be_v require_v before_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a of_o himself_o to_o get_v food_n and_o raiment_n let_v we_o suppose_v a_o man_n come_v to_o his_o full_a strength_n without_o any_o oversight_n or_o instruction_n from_o other_o man_n suppose_v he_o to_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o knowledge_n but_o what_o spring_v of_o itself_o from_o his_o own_o natural_a wit_n and_o thus_o to_o be_v place_v in_o some_o solitude_n destitute_a of_o any_o help_n or_o society_n of_o all_o mankind_n beside_o certain_o a_o more_o miserable_a creature_n can_v be_v imagine_v he_o be_v no_o better_a than_o dumb_a naked_a and_o have_v nothing_o leave_v he_o but_o herb_n and_o root_n to_o pluck_v and_o the_o wild_a fruit_n to_o gather_v to_o quench_v his_o thirst_n at_o the_o â—ext_a spring_n river_n or_o ditch_n and_o to_o shelter_v himself_o from_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o weather_n by_o creep_v into_o some_o cave_n or_o cover_v himself_o after_o any_o sort_n with_o moss_n or_o grass_n to_o pass_v away_o his_o tedious_a life_n in_o idleness_n to_o start_v at_o every_o noise_n and_o be_v afraid_a at_o the_o sight_n of_o any_o other_o animal_n in_o a_o word_n at_o last_o to_o perish_v either_o by_o hunger_n or_o cold_a or_o some_o wild_a beast_n it_o must_v then_o follow_v that_o whatsoever_o advantage_n accompany_v human_a life_n be_v all_o owe_v to_o that_o mutual_a help_n man_n afford_v one_o another_o so_o that_o next_o to_o divine_a providence_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n more_o beneficial_a to_o mankind_n than_o man_n themselves_o and_o yet_o as_o useful_a as_o this_o creature_n hurt_v iv_o man_n to_o man_n inclinable_a to_o do_v hurt_v be_v or_o may_v be_v to_o other_o of_o its_o kind_n it_o have_v many_o fault_n and_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v equal_o noxious_a which_o render_v mutual_a society_n between_o man_n and_o man_n not_o a_o little_a dangerous_a and_o make_v great_a caution_n necessary_a to_o be_v use_v therein_o lest_o mischief_n accrue_v from_o it_o instead_o of_o good_n in_o the_o first_o place_n a_o strong_a proclivity_n to_o injure_v another_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v general_o in_o man_n than_o in_o any_o of_o the_o brute_n for_o they_o seldom_o grow_v outrageous_a but_o through_o hunger_n or_o lust_n both_o which_o appetite_n be_v satisfy_v without_o much_o pain_n and_o that_o do_v they_o be_v not_o apt_a to_o grow_v furious_a or_o to_o hurt_v their_o fellow-creature_n without_o some_o provocation_n whereas_o man_n be_v a_o animal_n always_o prone_a to_o lust_n by_o which_o he_o be_v much_o more_o frequent_o instigate_v than_o seem_v to_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o conservation_n of_o his_o kind_a his_o stomach_n also_o be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v satisfy_v but_o to_o be_v please_v and_o it_o often_o desire_v more_o than_o nature_n can_v well_o digest_v as_o for_o raiment_n nature_n have_v take_v care_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o creature_n that_o they_o do_v want_v any_o but_o man_n require_v not_o only_o such_o as_o will_v answer_v their_o necessity_n but_o their_o pride_n and_o ostentation_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v many_o passion_n and_o appetite_n unknown_a to_o the_o brute_n which_o yet_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o mankind_n as_o a_o unreasonable_a desire_n of_o possess_v much_o more_o than_o be_v necessary_a a_o earnest_a pursuit_n after_o glory_n and_o preeminence_n envy_n emulation_n and_o outvying_n of_o wit._n a_o proof_n hereof_o be_v that_o most_o of_o the_o war_n with_o which_o mankind_n be_v harass_v be_v raise_v for_o cause_n altogether_o unknown_a to_o the_o brute_n now_o all_o these_o be_v able_a to_o provoke_v man_n to_o hurt_v one_o another_o and_o they_o frequent_o do_v so_o hereto_o may_v be_v add_v the_o great_a arrogance_n that_o be_v in_o many_o man_n and_o desire_v of_o insult_v over_o other_o which_o can_v but_o exasperate_v even_o those_o who_o be_v natural_o meek_a enough_o and_o from_o a_o care_n of_o preserve_v themselves_o and_o their_o liberty_n excite_v they_o to_o make_v resistance_n sometime_o also_o want_n set_v man_n together_o by_o the_o ear_n or_o because_o that_o store_n of_o necessary_n which_o they_o have_v at_o present_a seem_v not_o sufficient_a either_o for_o their_o need_v or_o appetite_n moreover_o man_n be_v more_o able_a to_o capable_a v._o and_o very_o capable_a do_v one_o another_o harm_n than_o brute_n be_v for_o though_o they_o do_v look_v formidable_a with_o tooth_n claw_n or_o horn_n as_o many_o of_o they_o do_v yet_o the_o activity_n of_o their_o hand_n render_v they_o very_o effectual_a instrument_n of_o mischief_n and_o then_o the_o quickness_n of_o their_o wit_n give_v they_o craft_n and_o a_o capacity_n of_o attempt_v that_o by_o treachery_n which_o can_v be_v do_v by_o open_a force_n so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a for_o one_o man_n to_o bring_v upon_o another_o the_o great_a of_o all_o natural_a evil_n to_o wit_n death_n itself_o beside_o all_o this_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v do_v vi_o and_o likely_a so_o to_o do_v that_o among_o man_n there_o be_v a_o vast_a diversity_n of_o disposition_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v among_o brute_n for_o of_o they_o all_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n have_v the_o like_a inclination_n and_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o same_o inward_a motion_n and_o appetite_n whereas_o among_o man_n there_o be_v so_o many_o mind_n as_o there_o be_v head_n and_o every_o one_o have_v his_o singular_a opinion_n nor_o be_v they_o all_o act_v with_o simple_a and_o uniform_a desire_n but_o with_o such_o as_o be_v manifold_a and_o various_o mix_v together_o nay_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n shall_v be_v often_o see_v to_o differ_v from_o himself_o and_o to_o desire_v that_o at_o one_o time_n which_o at_o another_o he_o extreme_o abhor_v nor_o be_v the_o variety_n less_o discernible_a which_o be_v now_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o almost_o infinite_a way_n of_o live_v of_o manage_v our_o study_n our_o course_n of_o life_n and_o our_o method_n of_o make_v use_n of_o our_o wit_n now_o that_o by_o occasion_n hereof_o man_n may_v not_o dash_v against_o one_o another_o there_o be_v need_n of_o wise_a limitation_n and_o careful_a management_n so_o then_o man_n be_v a_o animal_n very_o desirous_a paragraph_n vii_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o forego_n paragraph_n of_o his_o own_o preservation_n of_o himself_o liable_a to_o many_o want_n unable_a to_o support_v himself_o without_o the_o help_n of_o other_o of_o his_o kind_n and_o yet_o wonderful_o fit_a in_o society_n to_o promote_v a_o common_a good_a but_o then_o he_o be_v malicious_a insolent_a and_o easy_o provoke_v and_o not_o less_o prone_a to_o do_v mischief_n to_o his_o
fellow_n than_o he_o be_v capable_a of_o effect_v it_o whence_o this_o must_v be_v infer_v that_o in_o order_n to_o his_o preservation_n it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o he_o be_v sociable_a that_o be_v that_o he_o join_v with_o those_o of_o his_o kind_n and_o that_o he_o so_o behave_v himself_o towards_o they_o that_o they_o may_v have_v no_o justifiable_a cause_n to_o do_v he_o harm_n but_o rather_o to_o promote_v and_o secure_v to_o he_o all_o his_o interest_n the_o rule_n then_o of_o this_o fellowship_n define_v vii_o la_o natural_a define_v which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o human_a society_n whereby_o man_n be_v direct_v how_o to_o render_v themselves_o useful_a member_n thereof_o and_o without_o which_o it_o fall_v to_o piece_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n from_z what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v so_o ix_o the_o mean_v design_v where_o the_o end_n be_v so_o that_o this_o be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o nature_n that_o every_o man_n ought_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o preserve_v and_o promote_v society_n that_o be_v the_o welfare_n of_o mankind_n and_o since_o he_o that_o design_v the_o end_n can_v but_o be_v suppose_v to_o design_n those_o mean_n without_o which_o the_o end_n can_v be_v obtain_v it_o follow_v that_o all_o such_o action_n as_o tend_v general_o and_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o this_o society_n be_v command_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o that_o disturb_v and_o dissolve_v it_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o same_o all_o other_o precept_n be_v to_o be_v account_v only_a subsumption_n or_o consequence_n upon_o this_o universal_a law_n the_o evidence_n whereof_o be_v make_v out_o by_o that_o natural_a light_n which_o be_v engraft_v in_o mankind_n now_o though_o these_o rule_n do_v plain_o providence_n x._o a_o god_n and_o providence_n contain_v that_o which_o be_v for_o the_o general_a good_a yet_o that_o the_o same_o may_v obtain_v the_o force_n of_o law_n it_o must_v necessary_o be_v presuppose_v that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n who_o govern_v all_o thing_n by_o his_o providence_n and_o that_o he_o have_v enjoin_v we_o mortal_n to_o observe_v these_o dictate_v of_o our_o reason_n as_o law_n promulge_v by_o he_o to_o we_o by_o the_o powerful_a mediation_n of_o that_o light_n which_o be_v bear_v with_o we_o otherwise_o we_o may_v perhaps_o pay_v some_o obedience_n to_o they_o in_o contemplation_n of_o their_o utility_n so_o as_o we_o observe_v the_o direction_n of_o physician_n in_o regard_n to_o our_o health_n but_o not_o as_o law_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o which_o a_o superior_a be_v necessary_a to_o be_v suppose_v and_o that_o such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v actual_o undertake_v the_o government_n of_o the_o other_o but_o that_o god_n be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o demonstrate_v xi_o the_o same_o far_o demonstrate_v law_n of_o nature_n be_v thus_o demonstrate_v consider_v mankind_n only_o in_o its_o present_a state_n without_o inquire_v whether_o the_o first_o condition_n of_o we_o mortal_n be_v different_a from_o this_o nor_o how_o the_o change_n be_v wrought_v whereas_o our_o nature_n be_v so_o frame_v that_o mankind_n can_v be_v preserve_v without_o a_o sociable_a life_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v capable_a of_o all_o those_o notion_n which_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o this_o purpose_n and_o it_o be_v also_o manifest_a that_o man_n not_o only_o like_o the_o other_o creature_n owe_v their_o original_a to_o god_n but_o that_o he_o govern_v they_o let_v their_o condition_n be_v as_o it_o will_v by_o the_o wisdom_n of_o his_o providence_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o will_n of_o god_n that_o man_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o those_o faculty_n with_o which_o he_o be_v peculiar_o endow_v beyond_o the_o brute_n to_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o nature_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o life_n of_o man_n shall_v be_v different_a from_o the_o lawless_a life_n of_o the_o irrational_a creature_n and_o since_o this_o can_v otherwise_o be_v achieve_v but_o by_o a_o observance_n of_o the_o law_n natural_a it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o there_o be_v from_o god_n a_o obligation_n lay_v upon_o man_n to_o pay_v obedience_n hereto_o as_o a_o mean_v not_o invent_v by_o the_o wit_n or_o impose_v by_o the_o will_n of_o man_n nor_o capable_a of_o be_v change_v by_o their_o humour_n and_o inclination_n but_o express_o ordain_v by_o god_n himself_o in_o order_n to_o the_o accomplish_v this_o end_n for_o he_o that_o oblige_v we_o to_o pursue_v such_o a_o end_n must_v be_v think_v to_o oblige_v we_o to_o make_v use_n of_o those_o mean_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o attainment_n thereof_o and_o that_o the_o social_n life_n be_v positive_o enjoin_v by_o god_n upon_o man_n this_o be_v a_o proof_n that_o in_o no_o other_o animal_n be_v to_o be_v find_v any_o sense_n of_o religion_n or_o fear_n of_o a_o deity_n which_o seem_v not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o fall_v within_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o ungovernable_a brute_n and_o yet_o it_o have_v the_o power_n to_o excite_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n not_o altogether_o profligate_v the_o tender_a sense_n by_o which_o they_o be_v convince_v that_o by_o sin_v against_o this_o law_n natural_a they_o offend_v he_o who_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n and_o who_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v even_o where_o we_o be_v secure_a of_o any_o punishment_n from_o our_o fellow-creature_n though_o it_o be_v usual_o say_v that_o we_o heart_n xii_o this_o law_n how_o write_v in_o man_n heart_n have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o law_n from_o nature_n itself_o yet_o this_o be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v take_v as_o if_o there_o be_v implant_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n just_o newborn_a plain_n and_o distinct_a notion_n concern_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o avoid_v but_o nature_n be_v say_v thus_o to_o teach_v we_o partly_o because_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o law_n may_v be_v attain_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o light_n of_o reason_n and_o partly_o because_o the_o general_a and_o most_o useful_a point_n thereof_o be_v so_o plain_a and_o clear_a that_o they_o at_o first_o sight_n force_v the_o assent_n and_o get_v such_o root_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n that_o nothing_o can_v eradicate_v they_o afterward_o let_v wicked_a man_n take_v never_o so_o much_o pain_n to_o blunt_a the_o edge_n and_o stupefy_v themselves_o against_o the_o sting_n of_o their_o conscience_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n we_o find_v in_o holy_a scripture_n that_o this_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v write_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n so_o that_o have_v from_o our_o childhood_n have_v a_o sense_n hereof_o instill_a into_o we_o together_o with_o other_o learning_n in_o the_o usual_a method_n of_o education_n and_o yet_o not_o be_v able_a to_o remember_v the_o punctual_a time_n when_o first_o they_o take_v hold_v of_o our_o understanding_n and_o possess_v our_o mind_n we_o can_v have_v no_o other_o opinion_n of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o this_o law_n but_o that_o it_o be_v connate_a to_o our_o being_n or_o bear_v together_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o ourselves_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o with_o every_o man_n in_o learning_n his_o mother-tongue_n those_o duty_n which_o from_o the_o law_n of_o duty_n xiii_o division_n of_o natural_a duty_n nature_n be_v incumbent_a upon_o man_n seem_v most_o apt_o to_o be_v divide_v according_a to_o the_o object_n about_o which_o they_o be_v conversant_a with_o regard_n to_o which_o they_o be_v range_v under_o three_o principal_a head_n the_o first_o of_o which_o give_v we_o direction_n how_o by_o the_o single_a dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n man_n ought_v to_o behave_v himself_o towards_o god_n the_o second_o contain_v our_o duty_n towards_o ourselves_o and_o the_o three_o that_o towards_o other_o man_n but_o though_o those_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n natural_a which_o have_v a_o relation_n to_o other_o man_n may_v primary_o and_o direct_o be_v derive_v from_o that_o sociality_n which_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o as_o a_o foundation_n yet_o even_o the_o duty_n of_o man_n towards_o god_n may_v be_v indirect_o deduce_v from_o thence_o upon_o this_o account_n that_o the_o strong_a obligation_n to_o mutual_a duty_n between_o man_n and_o man_n arise_v from_o religion_n and_o a_o fear_n of_o the_o deity_n so_o as_o that_o man_n can_v not_o become_v a_o sociable_a creature_n if_o he_o be_v not_o imbue_v with_o religion_n and_o because_o reason_n alone_o can_v go_v no_o far_o in_o religion_n than_o as_o it_o be_v useful_a to_o promote_v the_o common_a tranquillity_n and_o sociality_n or_o reciprocal_a union_n in_o this_o life_n for_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o religion_n procure_v the_o salvation_n of_o soul_n it_o proceed_v
of_o he_o aught_o that_o denote_v the_o want_n or_o absence_n of_o any_o good_a as_o appetite_n hope_n concupiscence_n desire_v of_o any_o thing_n for_o these_o imply_v indigence_n and_o consequent_o imperfection_n it_o not_o be_v supposable_a that_o one_o shall_v desire_v hope_v or_o crave_v any_o thing_n of_o which_o he_o do_v not_o stand_v in_o some_o need_n and_o so_o when_o understanding_n will_n knowledge_n and_o act_n of_o the_o sense_n as_o see_v hear_v etc._n etc._n be_v attribute_v to_o god_n they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o much_o more_o sublime_a sense_n than_o we_o conceive_v they_o in_o out_o self_n for_o the_o will_n be_v a_o rational_a desire_n but_o desire_v as_o be_v say_v afore_o presuppose_v the_o want_n or_o absence_n of_o something_o that_o be_v agreeable_a and_o necessary_a and_o understanding_n and_o sense_n imply_v some_o operation_n upon_o the_o faculty_n of_o a_o man_n wrought_v by_o exterior_a object_n upon_o the_o organ_n of_o his_o body_n and_o the_o power_n of_o his_o soul_n which_o be_v sign_n of_o a_o power_n depend_v upon_o some_o other_o thing_n demonstrate_v it_o not_o to_o be_v most_o perfect_a last_o it_o be_v utter_o repugnant_a to_o the_o one._n v._o god_n but_o one._n divine_a perfection_n to_o say_v there_o be_v more_o god_n than_o one_o for_o beside_o that_o the_o admirable_a harmony_n of_o the_o world_n argue_v it_o to_o have_v but_o one_o governor_n than_o god_n must_v be_v finite_a if_o there_o be_v more_o god_n of_o equal_a power_n with_o himself_o and_o not_o depend_v upon_o he_o and_o it_o involve_v a_o contradiction_n to_o say_v there_o be_v many_o infinite_n upon_o the_o whole_a then_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n when_o we_o attempt_v to_o express_v the_o attribute_n of_o god_n either_o to_o make_v use_n of_o word_n of_o a_o negative_a signification_n as_o infinite_a incomprehensible_a immense_a eternal_a i._n e._n which_o have_v no_o beginning_n nor_o shall_v have_v end_n or_o superlative_a as_o most_o excellent_a most_o powerful_a most_o mighty_a most_o wise_a etc._n etc._n or_o indefinite_a as_o good_a just_a creator_n king_n lord_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o we_o will_v not_o think_v ourselves_o to_o express_v what_o he_o be_v but_o only_o in_o some_o sort_n to_o declare_v our_o admiration_n of_o he_o and_o profess_v our_o obedience_n to_o he_o which_o be_v a_o token_n of_o a_o humble_a soul_n and_o of_o a_o mind_n pay_v all_o the_o veneration_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o the_o proposition_n of_o practical_a natural_a god_n vi_o internal_a worship_n of_o god_n religion_n be_v partly_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o internal_a and_o partly_o the_o external_n worship_n of_o god_n the_o internal_a worship_n of_o god_n consist_v in_o honour_v he_o now_o honour_n be_v a_o high_a opinion_n of_o another_o power_n conjoin_v with_o goodness_n and_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v oblige_v from_o a_o consideration_n of_o this_o his_o power_n and_o goodness_n to_o fill_v itself_o with_o all_o that_o reverence_n towards_o he_o of_o which_o its_o nature_n be_v susceptible_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v our_o duty_n to_o love_v he_o as_o the_o author_n and_o bestower_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o good_a to_o hope_v in_o he_o as_o from_o who_o only_o all_o our_o happiness_n for_o the_o future_a do_v depend_v to_o acquiesce_v in_o his_o will_n he_o do_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o best_a and_o give_v we_o what_o be_v most_o expedient_a for_o we_o to_o fear_v he_o as_o be_v most_o powerful_a and_o the_o offend_v who_o lay_v we_o liable_a to_o the_o great_a evil_n last_o in_o all_o thing_n most_o humble_o to_o obey_v he_o as_o our_o creator_n our_o lord_n and_o our_o best_a and_o great_a ruler_n the_o external_a worship_n of_o god_n be_v chief_o god_n vii_o external_n worship_n of_o god_n show_v in_o these_o instance_n that_o man_n give_v thanks_o to_o god_n for_o so_o many_o good_a thing_n receive_v of_o he_o that_o so_o far_o as_o be_v in_o his_o power_n he_o transcribe_v god_n will_n into_o his_o action_n that_o be_v that_o he_o obey_v his_o command_n that_o he_o admire_v and_o celebrate_v his_o greatness_n that_o he_o pour_v forth_o his_o prayer_n before_o he_o for_o the_o procure_n of_o good_a and_o avert_n of_o evil_a for_o prayer_n be_v a_o sign_n of_o hope_n and_o hope_n be_v a_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n and_o goodness_n that_o if_o a_o just_a occasion_n shall_v require_v he_o call_v god_n only_o a_o witness_n to_o his_o oath_n and_o that_o he_o most_o religious_o observe_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o consideration_n that_o god_n be_v omniscient_a and_o almighty_a that_o he_o speak_v not_o of_o god_n otherwise_o than_o serious_o and_o considerate_o for_o that_o be_v a_o token_n of_o awe_n and_o awe_n plain_o confess_v a_o power_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o name_n of_o god_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v use_v rash_o and_o in_o vain_a both_o which_o to_o do_v be_v inconsiderate_a nor_o be_v we_o to_o swear_v without_o a_o lawful_a occasion_n for_o that_o be_v in_o vain_a neither_o may_v we_o dispute_v nice_o and_o over-familiar_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o god_n and_o the_o method_n of_o his_o providence_n for_o nothing_o come_v of_o this_o but_o only_o show_v that_o we_o will_v measure_v he_o and_o his_o working_n by_o the_o scantling_n of_o our_o own_o reason_n add_v to_o these_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v for_o or_o give_v to_o god_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o best_a in_o its_o kind_n and_o fit_a to_o express_v the_o honour_n we_o have_v for_o he_o also_o that_o we_o worship_n god_n not_o only_o in_o private_a but_o open_o and_o public_o in_o the_o sight_n of_o man_n for_o to_o do_v any_o thing_n in_o secret_a seem_v to_o hint_n as_o if_o we_o be_v ashamed_a to_o act_v it_o open_o but_o worship_n public_o pay_v not_o only_o give_v testimony_n of_o our_o own_o devotion_n but_o excite_v other_o by_o our_o example_n to_o do_v the_o like_a and_o last_o we_o be_v with_o our_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o as_o it_o be_v the_o great_a affront_n to_o slight_v the_o command_n of_o god_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a obedience_n to_o he_o be_v more_o acceptable_a than_o any_o sacrifice_n religionalone_n viii_o eternal_a salvation_n not_o acquire_v by_o natural_a religionalone_n and_o yet_o after_o all_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o natural_a religion_n nice_o consider_v and_o with_o regard_n to_o the_o present_a state_n of_o mankind_n be_v conclude_v within_o the_o prospect_n of_o this_o life_n but_o that_o it_o be_v of_o no_o avail_n towards_o procure_v eternal_a salvation_n for_o humane_a reason_n leave_v alone_o to_o itself_o know_v not_o that_o the_o pravity_n which_o be_v so_o discernible_a in_o our_o faculty_n and_o inclination_n proceed_v from_o man_n own_o fault_n and_o that_o hereby_o he_o become_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n and_o to_o eternal_a damnation_n so_o that_o with_o the_o guidance_n of_o this_o only_a we_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o saviour_n and_o of_o his_o office_n and_o merit_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o promise_v make_v by_o god_n to_o mankind_n and_o of_o the_o several_a other_o matter_n thereupon_o depend_v by_o which_o alone_a it_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o everlasting_a salvation_n be_v procure_v to_o mortal_a man_n it_o may_v be_v worth_a the_o while_n yet_o a_o society_n ix_o religion_n the_o firm_a bond_n of_o society_n little_a more_o distinct_o to_o consider_v the_o benefit_n which_o through_o religion_n accrue_v to_o mankind_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o it_o be_v in_o truth_n the_o utmost_a and_o firm_a bond_n of_o humane_a society_n for_o in_o the_o natural_a liberty_n if_o you_o take_v away_o the_o fear_n of_o a_o divine_a power_n any_o man_n who_o shall_v have_v confidence_n in_o his_o own_o strength_n may_v do_v what_o violence_n he_o please_v to_o other_o who_o be_v weak_a than_o himself_o and_o will_v account_v honesty_n modesty_n and_o truth_n but_o as_o empty_a word_n nor_o will_v he_o be_v persuade_v to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v right_a by_o any_o argument_n but_o from_o a_o sense_n of_o his_o own_o inability_n to_o act_v the_o contrary_n moreover_o lay_v aside_o religion_n and_o the_o internal_a band_n of_o community_n will_v be_v always_o slack_a and_o feeble_a the_o fear_n of_o a_o temporal_a punishment_n the_o allegiance_n swear_v to_o superior_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o observe_v the_o same_o together_o with_o a_o grateful_a consideration_n that_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o supreme_a government_n they_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o misery_n attend_v a_o state_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o i_o say_v will_v be_v utter_o insufficient_a to_o contain_v
over_o his_o own_o life_n as_o that_o he_o may_v put_v a_o end_n to_o it_o when_o he_o please_v but_o he_o ought_v to_o tarry_v till_o he_o be_v call_v off_o by_o he_o who_o place_v he_o in_o this_o station_n indeed_o since_o man_n both_o can_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v serviceable_a to_o one_o another_o and_o since_o there_o be_v some_o sort_n of_o labour_n or_o a_o over-straining_a in_o any_o which_o may_v so_o waste_v the_o strength_n of_o a_o man_n that_o old_a age_n and_o death_n may_v come_v on_o much_o soon_o than_o if_o he_o have_v lead_v a_o easy_a and_o painless_a life_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o a_o man_n may_v without_o any_o contravention_n to_o this_o law_n choose_v that_o way_n of_o live_v which_o may_v with_o some_o probability_n make_v his_o life_n the_o short_a that_o so_o be_v may_v become_v more_o useful_a to_o mankind_n and_o whereas_o oftentimes_o the_o life_n of_o many_o will_v be_v lose_v except_o some_o number_n of_o man_n expose_v themselves_o to_o a_o probability_n of_o lose_v their_o own_o on_o their_o behalf_n in_o this_o case_n the_o lawful_a governor_n have_v power_n to_o lay_v a_o injunction_n on_o any_o private_a man_n under_o the_o most_o grievous_a penalty_n not_o to_o decline_v by_o flight_n such_o danger_n of_o lose_v his_o life_n nay_o far_o he_o may_v of_o his_o own_o accord_n provoke_v such_o danger_n provide_v there_o be_v not_o reason_n more_o forcible_a for_o the_o contrary_a and_o by_o thus_o adventure_v he_o have_v hope_n to_o save_v the_o live_v of_o other_o and_o those_o other_o be_v such_o as_o be_v worthy_a so_o dear_a a_o purchase_n for_o it_o will_v be_v silly_a for_o any_o man_n to_o engage_v his_o life_n together_o with_o another_o to_o no_o purpose_n or_o for_o a_o person_n of_o value_n to_o die_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o a_o paltry_a rascal_n but_o for_o any_o other_o case_n there_o seem_v nothing_o to_o be_v require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o he_o shall_v be_v persuade_v to_o prefer_v another_o man_n life_n before_o his_o own_o but_o that_o all_o thing_n right_o compare_v every_o man_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v most_o dear_a to_o himself_o and_o indeed_o all_o those_o who_o voluntary_o put_v a_o end_n to_o their_o own_o life_n either_o as_o tire_v with_o the_o many_o trouble_n which_o usual_o accompany_v this_o mortal_a state_n or_o from_o a_o abhorrence_n of_o indignity_n and_o evil_n which_o yet_o will_v not_o render_v they_o scandalous_a to_o humane_a society_n or_o through_o fear_n of_o pain_n or_o torment_n by_o endure_v which_o with_o fortitude_n they_o may_v become_v useful_a example_n to_o other_o or_o out_o of_o a_o vain_a ostentation_n of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o bravery_n all_o these_o i_o say_v be_v to_o be_v certain_o repute_v sinner_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o whereas_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o self-defence_n v._o self-defence_n this_o self-preservation_n which_o the_o tender_a passion_n and_o exact_a reason_n thus_o recommend_v to_o mankind_n do_v seem_v to_o interfere_v with_o our_o precept_n concern_v society_n then_o when_o our_o own_o safety_n be_v bring_v into_o jeopardy_n by_o another_o so_o far_o that_o either_o we_o must_v perish_v or_o submit_v to_o some_o very_a grievous_a mischief_n or_o else_o we_o must_v repel_v the_o aggressor_n by_o force_n and_o by_o do_v he_o harm_n therefore_o we_o be_v now_o to_o deliver_v with_o what_o moderation_n the_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o be_v to_o be_v temper_v this_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o then_o will_v be_v such_o as_o be_v either_o without_o any_o harm_n to_o he_o from_o who_o we_o apprehend_v the_o mischief_n by_o render_v any_o invasion_n of_o we_o formidable_a to_o he_o and_o full_a of_o danger_n or_o else_o by_o hurt_v or_o destroy_v he_o of_o the_o former_a way_n there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a and_o altogether_o blameless_a but_o the_o latter_a may_v admit_v of_o scruple_n another_o vi_o self_n defence_n by_o hurt_v another_o because_o mankind_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v a_o equal_a loss_n if_o the_o aggressor_n be_v kill_v or_o if_o i_o lose_v my_o life_n and_o because_o one_o in_o the_o same_o station_n with_o myself_o will_v be_v destroy_v with_o who_o it_o be_v my_o duty_n to_o have_v live_v in_o civil_a society_n beside_o that_o a_o forcible_a defence_n may_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a outrage_n than_o if_o i_o shall_v be_v take_v myself_o to_o slight_a or_o patient_o yield_v my_o body_n to_o the_o invader_n but_o all_o these_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n of_o such_o weight_n as_o to_o render_v this_o sort_n of_o defence_n unlawful_a for_o when_o i_o be_o deal_v fair_o and_o friendly_a with_o another_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o he_o show_v himself_o ready_a to_o do_v the_o like_a or_o else_o he_o be_v not_o a_o fit_a subject_n of_o such_o good_a office_n from_o i_o and_o because_o the_o end_n of_o the_o law_n of_o society_n be_v the_o good_a of_o mankind_n therefore_o the_o sense_n thereof_o be_v so_o to_o be_v take_v as_o effectual_o to_o preserve_v the_o welfare_n of_o every_o individual_a or_o particular_a man_n so_o thaâ—â—f_a another_o man_n make_v a_o attempt_n upon_o my_o life_n there_o be_v no_o law_n that_o command_v i_o to_o forgo_v my_o own_o safety_n that_o so_o he_o may_v practice_v his_o malice_n with_o impunity_n and_o he_o that_o in_o such_o case_n be_v hurt_v or_o slay_v must_v impute_v his_o mischief_n to_o his_o own_o wickedness_n which_o set_v i_o under_o a_o necessity_n of_o do_v what_o i_o do_v indeed_o otherwise_o whatsoever_o good_a we_o enjoy_v either_o from_o the_o bounty_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o help_n of_o our_o own_o industry_n have_v be_v grant_v to_o we_o in_o vain_a if_o we_o be_v not_o at_o liberty_n to_o oppose_v the_o violence_n of_o russian_n who_o will_v wrongful_o ravish_v all_o from_o we_o and_o honest_a man_n will_v be_v but_o a_o ready_a prey_n for_o villain_n if_o they_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o make_v use_n of_o force_n in_o defence_n of_o themselves_o against_o the_o other_o insult_v upon_o the_o whole_a then_o it_o will_v tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o mankind_n if_o self-defence_n even_o with_o force_n be_v prohibit_v to_o we_o not_o however_o that_o hence_o it_o follow_v use_v vii_o extremity_n last_o to_o be_v use_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o injury_n be_v threaten_v we_o we_o may_v present_o have_v recourse_n to_o extremity_n but_o we_o must_v first_o try_v the_o more_o harmless_a remedy_n for_o instance_n we_o must_v endeavour_v to_o keep_v out_o the_o invader_n by_o cut_v off_o his_o access_n to_o we_o to_o withdraw_v into_o strong_a place_n and_o to_o admonish_v he_o to_o desist_v from_o his_o outrageous_a fury_n and_o it_o be_v also_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o prudent_a man_n to_o put_v up_o a_o slight_a wrong_n if_o it_o may_v convenient_o be_v do_v and_o to_o remit_v somewhat_o of_o his_o right_n rather_o than_o by_o a_o unseasonable_a opposition_n of_o the_o violence_n to_o expose_v himself_o to_o a_o great_a danger_n especial_o if_o that_o upon_o which_o the_o attempt_n be_v make_v be_v such_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v make_v amends_o for_o or_o repair_v but_o in_o case_n where_o by_o these_o or_o the_o like_a mean_n i_o can_v secure_v myself_o in_o order_n to_o it_o i_o be_o at_o liberty_n to_o have_v recourse_n even_o to_o extremity_n but_o that_o we_o may_v clear_o judge_n whether_o first_o viii_o two_o sort_n of_o person_n in_o this_o case_n the_o first_o a_o man_n contain_v himself_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o unblamable_a defence_n of_o himself_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v examine_v whether_o the_o person_n be_v one_o who_o be_v in_o a_o state_n of_o natural_a liberty_n or_o subject_n to_o no_o man_n or_o one_o who_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o some_o civil_a power_n in_o the_o first_o case_n if_o another_o shall_v offer_v violence_n to_o i_o and_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o change_v his_o malicious_a mind_n and_o live_v quiet_o i_o may_v repel_v he_o even_o by_o kill_v he_o and_o this_o not_o only_a when_o he_o shall_v attempt_v upon_o my_o life_n but_o if_o he_o endeavour_v only_o to_o wound_n or_o hurt_v i_o or_o but_o to_o take_v away_o from_o i_o what_o be_v i_o without_o meddle_v with_o my_o body_n for_o i_o have_v no_o assurance_n but_o that_o from_o these_o lesser_a injury_n he_o may_v proceed_v to_o great_a and_o he_o that_o have_v once_o profess_v himself_o my_o enemy_n can_v no_o long_o pretend_v any_o right_n in_o his_o own_o defence_n but_o that_o i_o may_v resist_v he_o after_o what_o manner_n i_o please_v and_o indeed_o the_o sociality_n necessary_a to_o human_a life_n will_v become_v unpracticable_a if_o a_o man_n may_v not_o make_v use_n even_o of_o extremity_n
against_o he_o who_o shall_v irreclamable_o persist_v in_o the_o commission_n though_o but_o of_o mean_a wrong_n for_o at_o that_o rate_n the_o most_o modest_a person_n will_v be_v the_o continual_a laughingstock_n of_o the_o vile_a rakehell_n far_o in_o this_o state_n i_o may_v not_o only_o oppose_v with_o force_n the_o present_a danger_n threaten_v but_o have_v repel_v that_o i_o may_v pursue_v the_o invader_n to_o such_o purpose_n as_o to_o render_v myself_o sufficient_o secure_a of_o he_o for_o the_o future_a concern_v which_o security_n this_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v if_o a_o man_n have_v do_v i_o wrong_n afterward_o of_o his_o own_o accord_n repent_v of_o what_o he_o have_v do_v shall_v beg_v my_o pardon_n and_o offer_v reparation_n of_o the_o damage_n i_o be_o then_o oblige_v to_o be_v reconcile_v to_o he_o upon_o his_o faithful_a promise_n because_o it_o be_v the_o most_o certain_a token_n of_o a_o amendment_n of_o mind_n if_o a_o man_n repent_v of_o himself_o and_o beg_v pardon_n but_o he_o who_o then_o only_o pretend_v repentance_n when_o he_o want_v power_n to_o prosecute_v his_o violence_n be_v not_o safe_o trust_v for_o his_o bare_a word_n and_o therefore_o from_o such_o a_o one_o all_o possibility_n of_o do_v mischief_n be_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o or_o some_o confinement_n must_v be_v lay_v upon_o he_o that_o so_o he_o may_v never_o after_o become_v formidable_a but_o in_o the_o second_o state_n those_o who_o live_v second_o ix_o the_o second_o subject_n to_o a_o civil_a power_n may_v then_o only_o be_v take_v themselves_o to_o violence_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o themselves_o when_o the_o time_n and_o place_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o application_n to_o the_o magistrate_n for_o his_o assistance_n in_o repel_v the_o injury_n by_o which_o man_n life_n or_o aught_o that_o be_v as_o valuable_a as_o life_n or_o some_o good_a which_o can_v never_o be_v repair_v be_v manifest_o endanger_v and_o this_o be_v to_o be_v use_v no_o far_o than_o for_o the_o avoid_v the_o mischief_n the_o rest_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o magistrate_n to_o wit_n punish_v and_o caution_n that_o the_o offender_n do_v so_o no_o more_o it_o be_v moreover_o not_o only_o lawful_a for_o we_o mistake_n x._o a_o aggressor_n by_o mistake_n to_o defend_v ourselves_o against_o such_o a_o one_o as_o out_o of_o a_o evil_a design_n against_o we_o shall_v offer_v we_o a_o mischief_n but_o against_o he_o also_o who_o shall_v do_v so_o by_o mistake_n for_o instance_n if_o a_o mad_a man_n shall_v set_v upon_o i_o or_o one_o that_o take_v i_o for_o another_o person_n for_o who_o he_o have_v a_o grudge_n for_o it_o be_v enough_o that_o no_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o assault_v or_o kill_v i_o and_o i_o be_o not_o under_o any_o obligation_n to_o suffer_v death_n for_o nothing_o concern_v the_o time_n in_o which_o case_n xi_o time_n for_o self-defence_n the_o first_o case_n the_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o may_v be_v make_v it_o be_v to_o be_v two_o way_n consider_v as_o in_o the_o two_o case_n just_a before_o lay_v down_o where_o each_o party_n live_v in_o their_o natural_a liberty_n although_o it_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v presume_v that_o they_o will_v mutual_o comply_v with_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n yet_o consider_v the_o pravity_n of_o humane_a inclination_n they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o be_v so_o secure_a of_o themselves_o but_o they_o may_v seasonable_o take_v care_n of_o their_o safety_n by_o innocent_a method_n of_o defence_n as_o suppose_v by_o fortify_v their_o avenue_n against_o any_o that_o shall_v pretend_v to_o act_v hostilite_n upon_o they_o by_o provide_v ammunition_n and_o list_a man_n by_o make_v confederacy_n by_o have_v a_o watchful_a eye_n upon_o the_o design_n of_o other_o and_o the_o like_a but_o this_o suspicion_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o pravity_n of_o humane_a nature_n be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v improve_v as_o to_o give_v occasion_n to_o oppress_v other_o by_o violence_n under_o pretext_n of_o self-defence_n no_o not_o though_o i_o see_v my_o neighbour_n power_n to_o grow_v too_o great_a especial_o if_o such_o power_n have_v its_o increase_n from_o harmless_a industry_n or_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o bounty_n of_o providence_n without_o the_o oppression_n of_o other_o nay_o if_o such_o neighbour_n shall_v beside_o his_o power_n of_o hurt_v demonstrate_v also_o a_o design_n so_o to_o do_v not_o to_o i_o but_o to_o another_o i_o may_v not_o present_o without_o any_o more_o ado_n invade_v he_o in_o my_o own_o name_n unless_o i_o be_o under_o a_o alliance_n to_o assist_v that_o other_o who_o be_v assault_v by_o this_o great_a power_n and_o then_o it_o go_v far_a in_o this_o case_n and_o make_v it_o expedient_a to_o use_v great_a vigour_n in_o my_o resistance_n if_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o as_o soon_o as_o this_o great_a power_n have_v dispatch_v the_o other_o i_o be_o like_a to_o be_v next_o invade_v and_o that_o the_o first_o conquest_n he_o shall_v make_v be_v to_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o another_o which_o he_o intend_v but_o again_o when_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o another_o be_v make_v preparation_n to_o invade_v i_o though_o he_o have_v not_o open_o declare_v his_o intention_n i_o may_v immediate_o enter_v upon_o violent_a method_n for_o my_o own_o defence_n and_o anticipate_v the_o aggressor_n suppose_v that_o he_o will_v not_o lay_v by_o his_o hostile_a design_n upon_o any_o friendly_a advice_n or_o that_o the_o propose_v such_o advice_n may_v prove_v of_o ill_a consequence_n to_o my_o affair_n so_o that_o in_o this_o case_n he_o be_v to_o be_v account_v the_o aggressor_n who_o first_o meditate_v mischief_n to_o his_o neighbour_n and_o make_v preparation_n to_o that_o purpose_n and_o he_o shall_v be_v interpret_v to_o proceed_v by_o way_n of_o self-defence_n who_o act_v with_o great_a expedition_n shall_v surprise_v the_o former_a before_o he_o can_v bring_v his_o design_n to_o perfection_n for_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o self-defence_n that_o i_o receive_v the_o first_o stroke_n or_o that_o i_o only_o ward_v off_o and_o avoid_v the_o blow_v that_o be_v aim_v at_o i_o but_o among_o man_n who_o live_v in_o a_o community_n second_o xii_o the_o second_o the_o liberty_n for_o self-defence_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v near_o so_o large_a for_o here_o though_o i_o may_v know_v for_o certain_a that_o another_o man_n have_v arm_v himself_o in_o order_n to_o set_v upon_o i_o or_o have_v open_o threaten_v to_o do_v i_o a_o mischief_n this_o will_n by_o no_o mean_n bear_v i_o out_o in_o assault_v he_o but_o he_o be_v to_o be_v inform_v against_o before_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n who_o be_v to_o require_v security_n for_o his_o good_a behaviour_n the_o use_n of_o extremity_n in_o repel_v the_o force_n be_v then_o only_o justifiable_a when_o i_o be_o already_o set_v upon_o and_o reduce_v to_o such_o strait_n that_o i_o have_v no_o opportunity_n to_o require_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o magistrate_n or_o the_o help_n of_o my_o neighbour_n and_o even_o then_o i_o be_o not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o violence_n that_o by_o the_o slaughter_n of_o my_o adversary_n i_o may_v revenge_v the_o injury_n but_o only_o because_o without_o it_o my_o own_o life_n can_v be_v out_o of_o danger_n now_o the_o instant_n of_o time_n when_o any_o man_n may_v with_o impunity_n destroy_v another_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n be_v when_o the_o aggressor_n be_v furnish_v with_o weapon_n for_o the_o purpose_n and_o show_v plain_o a_o design_n upon_o my_o life_n be_v get_v into_o a_o place_n where_o he_o be_v very_o capable_a of_o do_v i_o a_o mischief_n allow_v i_o some_o time_n in_o which_o it_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o prevent_v rather_o than_o be_v prevent_v although_o in_o foro_fw-la humano_fw-la a_o little_a exceed_v be_v not_o much_o mind_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a disturbance_n such_o a_o danger_n must_v be_v think_v to_o raise_v in_o the_o spirit_n of_o man._n and_o the_o space_n of_o time_n in_o which_o a_o man_n may_v use_v force_n in_o his_o own_o defence_n be_v so_o long_o as_o till_o the_o assailant_n be_v either_o repulse_v or_o have_v withdraw_v of_o his_o own_o accord_n whether_o in_o that_o moment_n repent_v of_o his_o wicked_a design_n or_o for_o that_o he_o see_v he_o be_v like_a to_o miss_v of_o his_o aim_n so_o that_o for_o the_o present_a he_o can_v hurt_v we_o any_o more_o and_o we_o have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o retire_v into_o a_o place_n of_o safety_n for_o as_o for_o revenge_n of_o the_o wrong_n do_v and_o caution_n for_o future_a security_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n and_o be_v to_o be_v do_v only_o by_o his_o authority_n nevertheless_o though_o true_a it_o be_v limitation_n xiii_o
when_o they_o against_o our_o will_n and_o by_o a_o motion_n of_o their_o own_o contrary_a to_o their_o nature_n do_v a_o mischief_n to_o another_o we_o either_o make_v reparation_n or_o give_v up_o the_o same_o for_o if_o i_o be_o hurt_v by_o any_o animal_n that_o live_v in_o ir_n natural_a liberty_n i_o have_v a_o right_n by_o what_o mean_v i_o can_v to_o give_v myself_o satisfaction_n by_o take_v or_o by_o kill_v it_o and_o this_o right_n doubtless_o can_v be_v take_v away_o by_o its_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o another_o and_o whereas_o the_o owner_n of_o this_o animal_n make_v some_o gain_n by_o it_o but_o i_o have_v suffer_v loss_n by_o the_o same_o and_o whereas_o the_o reparation_n of_o wrong_n be_v more_o to_o be_v favour_v than_o procure_v gain_n it_o appear_v that_o i_o may_v with_o reason_n demand_v satisfaction_n from_o the_o owner_n or_o if_o the_o animal_n be_v not_o worth_a so_o much_o then_o that_o it_o at_o least_o be_v deliver_v to_o i_o on_o account_n of_o the_o damage_n sustain_v thus_o than_o he_o who_o without_o any_o evil_a recapitulation_n xiii_o recapitulation_n intention_n do_v a_o injury_n to_o another_o ought_v of_o his_o own_o accord_n to_o offer_v reparation_n and_o to_o protest_v himself_o to_o have_v do_v it_o unwilling_o lest_o the_o injure_a person_n take_v he_o for_o his_o enemy_n and_o endeavour_n to_o retaliate_v the_o mischief_n but_o he_o who_o with_o a_o naughty_a design_n shall_v wrong_v his_o neighbour_n be_v not_o only_o bind_v to_o offer_v reparation_n but_o to_o declare_v his_o repentance_n for_o the_o fact_n and_o to_o beg_v pardon_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o wrong_a party_n have_v satisfaction_n make_v he_o be_v oblige_v upon_o the_o repentance_n of_o the_o other_o and_o at_o his_o request_n to_o grant_v he_o pardon_n for_o he_o that_o will_v not_o be_v content_a when_o reparation_n be_v make_v he_o and_o a_o fit_a submission_n but_o still_o seek_v to_o revenge_v himself_o by_o force_n do_v nothing_o else_o but_o gratify_v his_o own_o ill_a nature_n and_o so_o disturb_v the_o common_a peace_n of_o man_n without_o cause_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n revenge_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n condemn_v as_o propose_v no_o other_o end_n than_o do_v mischief_n to_o those_o who_o have_v hurt_v we_o and_o please_v ourselves_o in_o their_o suffering_n moreover_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o more_o apt_a to_o pardon_v each_o other_o offence_n upon_o a_o consideration_n how_o often_o themselves_o transgress_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o have_v therefore_o daily_o so_o much_o need_v of_o beg_a forgiveness_n of_o he_o chap._n vii_o the_o natural_a equality_n of_o man_n to_o be_v acknowledge_v man_z be_v a_o creature_n not_o only_o most_o solicitous_a mankind_n i._o equality_n of_o mankind_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o himself_o but_o have_v of_o himself_o also_o so_o nice_a a_o estimation_n that_o to_o diminish_v any_o thing_n thereof_o do_v frequent_o move_v in_o he_o as_o great_a indignation_n as_o if_o a_o mischief_n be_v do_v to_o his_o body_n or_o estate_n nay_o there_o seem_v to_o he_o to_o be_v somewhat_o of_o dignity_n in_o the_o appellation_n of_o man_n so_o that_o the_o last_o and_o most_o efficacious_a argument_n to_o curb_v the_o arrogance_n of_o insult_a man_n be_v usual_o i_o be_o not_o a_o dog_n but_o a_o man_n as_o well_o as_o yourself_o since_o than_o humane_a nature_n be_v the_o same_o in_o we_o all_o and_o since_o no_o man_n will_v or_o can_v cheerful_o join_v in_o society_n witty_a any_o by_o who_o he_o be_v not_o at_o least_o to_o be_v esteem_v equal_o as_o a_o man_n and_o as_o a_o partaker_n of_o the_o same_o common_a nature_n it_o follow_v that_o among_o those_o duty_n which_o man_n owe_v to_o each_o other_o this_o obtain_v the_o second_o place_n that_o every_o man_n esteem_n and_o treat_v another_o as_o natural_o equal_a to_o himself_o or_o as_o one_o who_o be_v a_o man_n as_o well_o as_o he_o now_o this_o equality_n of_o mankind_n do_v consist_v ii_o where_o this_o equality_n consist_v not_o alone_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o man_n of_o ripe_a age_n have_v almost_o the_o same_o strength_n or_o if_o one_o be_v weak_a he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o kill_v the_o strong_a either_o by_o treachery_n or_o dexterity_n or_o by_o be_v better_o furnish_v with_o weapon_n but_o in_o this_o that_o though_o nature_n may_v have_v accomplish_v one_o man_n beyond_o another_o with_o various_a endowment_n of_o body_n and_o mind_n yet_o nevertheless_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o a_o observation_n of_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n natural_a towards_o the_o mean_a person_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o himself_o expect_v the_o same_o from_o other_o and_o have_v not_o therefore_o any_o great_a liberty_n give_v he_o to_o insult_v upon_o his_o fellow_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o niggardliness_n of_o nature_n or_o fortune_n can_v of_o themselves_o set_v any_o man_n so_o low_a as_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v in_o a_o worse_a condition_n as_o to_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o common_a right_n than_o other_o but_o what_o one_o man_n may_v rightful_o demand_v or_o expect_v from_o another_o the_o same_o be_v due_a to_o other_o also_o circumstance_n be_v alike_o from_o he_o and_o whatsoever_o one_o shall_v deem_v reasonable_a to_o be_v do_v by_o other_o the_o like_o it_o be_v most_o just_a he_o practise_v himself_o for_o the_o obligation_n of_o maintain_v sociality_n among_o mankind_n equal_o bind_v every_o man_n neither_o may_v one_o man_n more_o than_o another_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o any_o part_n not_o but_o that_o there_o be_v other_o popular_a reason_n which_o illustrate_v this_o equality_n to_o wit_n that_o we_o be_v all_o descend_v of_o the_o same_o stock_n that_o we_o all_o be_v bear_v nourish_v and_o die_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o that_o god_n have_v not_o give_v any_o of_o we_o a_o certain_a assurance_n that_o our_o happy_a condition_n in_o the_o world_n shall_v not_o at_o any_o time_n be_v change_v beside_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n tell_v we_o that_o god_n favour_v not_o man_n for_o his_o nobility_n power_n or_o wealth_n but_o for_o sincere_a piety_n which_o may_v as_o well_o be_v find_v in_o a_o mean_a and_o humble_a man_n as_o in_o those_o of_o high_a degree_n now_o from_o this_o equality_n it_o follow_v do_v iii_o recompense_n for_o service_n do_v that_o he_o who_o will_v make_v use_n of_o other_o man_n labour_n for_o his_o own_o benefit_n aught_o to_o be_v ready_a to_o make_v a_o recompense_n for_o he_o who_o require_v that_o other_o man_n shall_v do_v he_o kindness_n and_o expect_v himself_o to_o be_v free_a from_o do_v the_o like_a must_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o those_o other_o man_n be_v below_o himself_o and_o not_o his_o equal_n hence_o as_o those_o person_n be_v the_o best_a member_n of_o a_o community_n who_o without_o any_o difficulty_n allow_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o their_o neighbour_n that_o themselves_o require_v of_o he_o so_o those_o be_v altogether_o uncapable_a of_o society_n who_o set_v a_o high_a rate_n on_o themselves_o in_o regard_n to_o other_o will_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o act_v any_o thing_n towards_o their_o neighbour_n and_o expect_v a_o great_a respect_n than_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n and_o demand_v a_o large_a share_n of_o matter_n to_o which_o no_o man_n have_v a_o claim_n though_o they_o can_v make_v out_o no_o better_o right_o than_o another_o whence_o this_o also_o be_v a_o universal_a duty_n of_o the_o law_n natural_a that_o no_o man_n who_o have_v not_o a_o peculiar_a right_n aught_o to_o arrogate_v more_o to_o himself_o than_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o allow_v to_o his_o fellow_n but_o permit_v other_o man_n to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o equity_n with_o himself_o the_o same_o equality_n also_o show_v what_o justice_n iu._n distributive_a justice_n every_o man_n behaviour_n ought_v to_o be_v when_o his_o business_n be_v to_o distribute_v justice_n among_o other_o to_o wit_n that_o he_o treat_v they_o as_o equal_v and_o indulge_v not_o that_o beside_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o one_o which_o he_o deny_v to_o another_o for_o if_o he_o do_v otherwise_o he_o who_o be_v discountenance_v be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n affront_v and_o wrong_v and_o lose_v somewhat_o of_o the_o dignity_n which_o nature_n bestow_v upon_o he_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o common_a be_v of_o right_a to_o be_v divide_v by_o equal_a part_n among_o those_o who_o be_v equal_a where_o the_o thing_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o division_n they_o who_o be_v equal_o concern_v be_v to_o use_v it_o indifferent_o and_o if_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o thing_n will_v bear_v it_o as_o much_o as_o each_o party_n shall_v think_v fit_a but_o if_o this_o can_v be_v allow_v
for_o render_v man_n illustrious_a if_o right_o temper_v with_o prudence_n and_o magnanimity_n the_o dispensation_n whereof_o and_o the_o manner_n be_v to_o be_v regulate_v according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o giver_n and_o receiver_n wherein_o care_n be_v first_o of_o all_o to_o be_v take_v that_o the_o bounty_n we_o be_v about_o to_o exercise_n do_v not_o more_o hurt_v than_o good_a to_o the_o person_n to_o who_o we_o design_v a_o kindness_n and_o to_o other_o next_z that_o our_o bounty_n be_v not_o great_a than_o consist_v with_o our_o ability_n then_o that_o the_o worthiness_n of_o man_n be_v regard_v in_o our_o distribution_n and_o preference_n give_v to_o the_o well-deserving_a that_o we_o consider_v how_o far_o each_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o our_o help_n and_o observe_v the_o degree_n of_o relation_n among_o man_n moreover_o it_o be_v to_o be_v know_v what_o every_o one_o want_v most_o and_o what_o they_o can_v or_o can_v compass_v with_o or_o without_o our_o assistance_n the_o manner_n also_o of_o exercise_v act_n of_o kindness_n will_v render_v they_o more_o acceptable_a if_o they_o be_v do_v cheerful_o ready_o and_o hearty_o and_o then_o he_o who_o receive_v a_o benefit_n gratitude_n vi_o gratitude_n ought_v to_o have_v a_o grateful_a mind_n by_o which_o he_o be_v to_o make_v it_o manifest_a that_o it_o be_v acceptable_a to_o he_o and_o that_o for_o its_o sake_n he_o have_v kind_a wish_n for_o the_o donor_n and_o that_o he_o want_v nothing_o but_o a_o opportunity_n or_o a_o ability_n of_o make_v if_o possible_a a_o requital_n of_o the_o full_a value_n or_o more_o for_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a that_o the_o return_v we_o make_v be_v exact_o tantamount_n to_o the_o courtesy_n we_o receive_v but_o our_o goodwill_n and_o hearty_a endeavour_n be_v in_o lieu_n to_o be_v accept_v not_o but_o that_o sometime_o he_o who_o pretend_v to_o have_v do_v i_o a_o kindness_n may_v not_o have_v reason_n to_o say_v he_o have_v oblige_v i_o as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v drag_v i_o out_o of_o the_o water_n into_o which_o he_o push_v i_o before_o i_o owe_v he_o no_o thanks_o for_o that_o now_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o benefit_n thanks_o vii_o thanks_o be_v apt_a to_o oblige_v and_o place_v engagement_n on_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n by_o so_o much_o aught_o the_o party_n who_o be_v behold_v be_v the_o more_o eager_a to_o return_v his_o thanks_o if_o it_o be_v but_o because_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o suffer_v our_o benefactor_n who_o out_o of_o a_o good_a opinion_n he_o have_v of_o we_o have_v do_v we_o a_o kindness_n to_o think_v worse_o of_o we_o and_o because_o we_o shall_v not_o receive_v any_o favour_n but_o with_o a_o design_n to_o endeavour_v that_o the_o giver_n shall_v never_o have_v cause_n to_o repent_v of_o what_o he_o have_v do_v for_o we_o for_o if_o for_o any_o particular_a reason_n we_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o be_v behold_v to_o such_o or_o such_o a_o man_n he_o may_v civil_o avoid_v the_o accept_n of_o the_o courtesy_n and_o true_o if_o no_o grateful_a return_v be_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o benefit_n it_o will_v be_v unreasonable_a for_o any_o man_n to_o cast_v away_o what_o he_o have_v and_o to_o do_v a_o good_a turn_n where_o beforehand_o he_o be_v sure_a it_o will_v be_v slight_v by_o which_o mean_v all_o beneficence_n goodwill_n and_o brotherly_a love_n will_v be_v lose_v among_o man_n and_o there_o will_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o do_v kindness_n frank_o nor_o any_o opportunity_n of_o procure_v mutual_a friendship_n leave_v in_o the_o world_n and_o though_o the_o ungrateful_a man_n can_v ingratitude_n viii_o ingratitude_n be_v precise_o say_v to_o do_v a_o wrong_n yet_o the_o charge_n of_o ingratitude_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o more_o base_a more_o odious_a and_o detestable_a than_o that_o of_o injustice_n because_o it_o be_v judge_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o abject_a and_o rascally_a soul_n for_o a_o man_n to_o show_v himself_o unworthy_a of_o the_o good_a opinion_n which_o another_o have_v entertain_v of_o his_o probity_n and_o not_o to_o be_v move_v to_o some_o sense_n of_o humanity_n by_o benefit_n which_o have_v a_o power_n to_o tame_v even_o the_o brute_n but_o let_v ingratitude_n be_v never_o so_o abominable_a yet_o simple_o consider_v as_o it_o be_v a_o bare_a forget_v of_o a_o courtesy_n and_o a_o neglect_v of_o make_v a_o due_a return_n upon_o occasion_n court_v of_o judicature_n take_v no_o cognizance_n of_o it_o for_o it_o will_v lose_v the_o name_n of_o bounty_n if_o it_o be_v redemandable_a by_o law_n as_o money_n lend_v be_v because_o than_o it_o will_v be_v a_o credit_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v a_o high_a instance_n of_o generosity_n to_o be_v grateful_a it_o will_v cease_v to_o be_v a_o generous_a action_n when_o so_o to_o do_v can_v not_o be_v avoid_v beside_o that_o it_o will_v take_v up_o the_o business_n of_o all_o court_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o either_o will_v enhanse_v or_o lessen_v the_o benefit_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o this_o end_n i_o bestow_v it_o to_o wit_n that_o i_o do_v not_o therefore_o demand_v a_o promise_n of_o repayment_n that_o so_o the_o other_o may_v have_v a_o occasion_n of_o show_v his_o gratitude_n not_o for_o fear_v of_o punishment_n but_o out_o of_o love_n to_o honesty_n and_o to_o manifest_v that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o hope_n of_o gain_n but_o only_o out_o of_o mere_a kindness_n that_o i_o be_v liberal_a of_o that_o which_o i_o will_v not_o take_v care_n shall_v be_v reimburse_v to_o i_o but_o for_o he_o who_o improve_v his_o ingratitude_n and_o not_o only_o give_v no_o thanks_o to_o but_o injure_v his_o benefactor_n this_o shall_v cause_v a_o aggravation_n of_o his_o punishment_n because_o it_o plain_o demonstrate_v the_o profligate_v villainy_n and_o baseness_n of_o his_o mind_n chap._n ix_o the_o duty_n of_o man_n in_o make_v contract_n from_z the_o duty_n absolute_a to_o those_o contract_v i._o contract_v that_o be_v conditional_a we_o must_v take_v our_o passage_n as_o it_o be_v through_o the_o intermediate_v contract_n for_o since_o all_o duty_n except_o those_o already_o mention_v seem_v to_o presuppose_v some_o covenant_n either_o express_v or_o imply_v we_o shall_v therefore_o in_o the_o next_o place_n treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o contract_n and_o what_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o party_n concern_v therein_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o it_o be_v absolute_o they_o ii_o the_o necessity_n of_o they_o necessary_a for_o man_n to_o enter_v into_o mutual_a contract_n for_o though_o the_o duty_n of_o humanity_n diffuse_v themselves_o far_o and_o near_o through_o all_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o life_n of_o man_n yet_o that_o alone_o be_v not_o ground_n sufficient_a whereon_o to_o fix_v all_o the_o obligation_n which_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o be_v make_v reciprocal_a between_o one_o and_o another_o for_o all_o man_n be_v not_o endow_v with_o so_o much_o good_a nature_n as_o that_o they_o will_v do_v all_o good_a office_n to_o every_o man_n out_o of_o mere_a kindness_n except_o they_o have_v some_o certain_a expectation_n of_o receive_v the_o like_a again_o and_o very_o often_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o service_n we_o will_v have_v to_o be_v do_v to_o we_o by_o other_o man_n be_v of_o that_o sort_n that_o we_o can_v with_o modesty_n desire_v they_o frequent_o also_o it_o may_v not_o become_v one_o of_o my_o fortune_n or_o in_o my_o station_n to_o be_v behold_v to_o another_o for_o such_o a_o thing_n so_o that_o many_o time_n another_o can_v give_v neither_o be_v we_o willing_a to_o accept_v unless_o that_o other_o receive_v a_o equivalent_a from_o we_o and_o it_o happen_v not_o seldom_o that_o my_o neighbour_n know_v not_o how_o he_o may_v be_v serviceable_a to_o my_o occasion_n therefore_o that_o these_o mutual_a good_a office_n which_o be_v the_o product_n of_o sociality_n may_v be_v more_o free_o and_o regular_o exercise_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o man_n shall_v agree_v among_o themselves_o concern_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v on_o this_o side_n and_o on_o that_o which_o no_o man_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n alone_o can_v have_v assure_v himself_o of_o so_o that_o it_o be_v beforehand_o to_o be_v adjust_v what_o this_o man_n do_v so_o by_o his_o neighbour_n he_o be_v to_o expect_v in_o lieu_n of_o the_o same_o and_o which_o he_o may_v lawful_o demand_v this_o be_v do_v by_o mean_n of_o promise_n and_o contract_n with_o respect_n to_o this_o general_a duty_n it_o veracity_n iii_o veracity_n be_v a_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o every_o man_n keep_v his_o word_n or_o fulfil_v his_o promise_n and_o make_v good_a his_o contract_n for_o without_o this_o a_o
a_o instrument_n of_o human_a society_n discourse_n be_v there_o be_v no_o man_n can_v be_v ignorant_a since_o many_o have_v make_v that_o only_o a_o argument_n to_o prove_v man_n to_o be_v by_o nature_n design_v for_o a_o social_n life_n now_o that_o a_o lawful_a and_o beneficial_a use_n may_v be_v make_v hereof_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o same_o human_a society_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v give_v man_n this_o for_o a_o duty_n that_o no_o man_n deceive_v another_o either_o by_o discourse_n or_o any_o other_o sign_n which_o customary_o be_v accept_v to_o express_v our_o inward_a meaning_n but_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o discourse_n may_v word_n ii_o vniform_a signification_n of_o word_n be_v more_o thorough_o understand_v it_o must_v first_o be_v know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a obligation_n respect_v discourse_n whether_o express_v with_o the_o voice_n or_o write_v in_o character_n the_o first_o be_v that_o those_o who_o make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o language_n be_v oblige_v to_o apply_v such_o certain_a word_n to_o such_o certain_a thing_n according_a as_o custom_n have_v make_v they_o to_o signify_v in_o each_o language_n for_o since_o neither_o any_o word_n nor_o any_o particular_a stroke_n form_v into_o letter_n can_v natural_o denote_v any_o certain_a thing_n otherwise_o all_o language_n and_o character_n for_o writing_n will_v be_v the_o same_o and_o hence_o the_o use_n of_o the_o tongue_n will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n if_o every_o man_n may_v call_v every_o thing_n by_o what_o name_n he_o please_v it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a among_o those_o who_o speak_v the_o same_o language_n that_o there_o be_v a_o tacit_n agreement_n between_o they_o that_o this_o certain_a thing_n shall_v be_v so_o or_o so_o call_v and_o not_o otherwise_o so_o that_o unless_o a_o uniform_a application_n of_o word_n be_v agree_v upon_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a for_o one_o man_n to_o gather_v the_o mean_v of_o another_o from_o his_o talk_n by_o virtue_n then_o of_o this_o tacit_n compact_v every_o man_n be_v bind_v in_o his_o common_a discourse_n to_o apply_v his_o word_n to_o that_o sense_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o receive_a signification_n thereof_o in_o that_o language_n from_o whence_o also_o it_o follow_v that_o albeit_o a_o man_n sentiment_n may_v differ_v from_o what_o he_o express_v in_o word_n yet_o in_o the_o affair_n of_o human_a life_n he_o must_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o intend_v what_o he_o say_v though_o as_o be_v say_v perhaps_o his_o inward_a mean_v be_v the_o clean_a contrary_n for_o since_o we_o can_v be_v inform_v of_o another_o mind_n otherwise_o than_o by_o outward_a sign_n all_o use_n of_o discourse_n will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n if_o by_o mental_a reservation_n which_o any_o man_n may_v form_v as_o he_o list_v it_o may_v be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o elude_v what_o he_o have_v declare_v by_o sign_n usual_o accept_v to_o that_o end_n the_o other_o obligation_n which_o concern_v plain_a iii_o discourse_n to_o be_v plain_a discourse_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o every_o man_n ought_v by_o his_o word_n so_o to_o express_v to_o another_o his_o mean_v that_o he_o may_v be_v plain_o understand_v not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v in_o a_o man_n power_n to_o be_v silent_a as_o well_o as_o to_o speak_v and_o whereas_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o tell_v every_o one_o what_o he_o bear_v in_o his_o mind_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o be_v some_o peculiar_a obligation_n that_o shall_v engage_v he_o first_o to_o speak_v and_o then_o so_o to_o speak_v as_o that_o another_o shall_v full_o understand_v his_o mean_v such_o obligation_n may_v arise_v from_o a_o particular_a compact_n or_o some_o common_a precept_n of_o the_o law_n natural_a or_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o present_a affair_n in_o which_o speech_n be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o oftentimes_o a_o bargain_n be_v make_v express_o with_o a_o man_n that_o he_o shall_v disclose_v to_o i_o all_o that_o he_o know_v in_o some_o matter_n as_o suppose_v i_o desire_v to_o be_v instruct_v in_o any_o science_n frequent_o also_o i_o may_v be_v command_v by_o some_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o communicate_v my_o skill_n to_o another_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v i_o may_v be_v helpful_a to_o he_o or_o that_o i_o may_v save_v he_o from_o mischief_n or_o that_o i_o may_v not_o give_v he_o some_o cause_n or_o occasion_n of_o receive_v a_o harm_n and_o last_o the_o present_a case_n may_v require_v i_o to_o declare_v my_o opinion_n in_o a_o matter_n wherein_o another_o be_v concern_v as_o it_o happen_v often_o in_o contract_n of_o the_o great_a importance_n but_o because_o it_o can_v always_o happen_v that_o silence_n iv_o silence_n upon_o any_o of_o these_o head_n i_o be_o oblige_v to_o signify_v my_o thought_n upon_o any_o matter_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o i_o be_o not_o bind_v to_o disclose_v in_o word_n any_o more_o than_o another_o have_v a_o right_a either_o perfect_a or_o imperfect_a to_o require_v so_o that_o i_o may_v by_o hold_v my_o tongue_n lawful_o conceal_v what_o he_o have_v no_o just_a claim_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o or_o to_o the_o discovery_n whereof_o i_o lie_v under_o no_o obligation_n however_o earnest_o it_o be_v desire_v nay_o since_o speech_n be_v not_o only_o ordain_v discourse_n v._o counterfeit_v discourse_n for_o the_o use_n of_o other_o but_o our_o own_o benefit_n also_o therefore_o whensoever_o my_o private_a interest_n be_v concern_v and_o it_o occasion_n damage_n to_o no_o body_n else_o i_o may_v so_o order_v my_o word_n that_o they_o may_v communicate_v a_o sense_n different_a from_o that_o which_o i_o bear_v in_o my_o mind_n last_o because_o oftentimes_o those_o to_o speech_n vi_o figurative_a speech_n who_o we_o talk_v upon_o some_o matter_n may_v be_v so_o dispose_v that_o from_o a_o downright_a and_o plain_a discourse_n they_o will_v perceive_v the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o case_n which_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v conceal_v because_o a_o full_a knowledge_n will_v not_o procure_v the_o good_a end_n we_o drive_v at_o but_o be_v a_o detriment_n to_o they_o we_o may_v in_o such_o case_n use_v a_o figurative_a or_o shadow_a way_n of_o speech_n which_o shall_v not_o direct_o represent_v our_o mean_v and_o plain_a sense_n to_o the_o hearer_n for_o he_o who_o will_v and_o ought_v to_o benefit_v another_o can_v be_v bind_v to_o attempt_v it_o after_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o shall_v incapacitate_v he_o from_o obtain_v his_o end_n from_z what_o have_v be_v say_v may_v be_v gather_v verity_n vii_o verity_n wherein_o that_o verity_n consist_v for_o their_o regard_n to_o which_o good_a man_n be_v so_o much_o celebrate_v to_o wit_n that_o our_o word_n do_v fit_o represent_v our_o mean_v to_o any_o other_o person_n who_o ought_v to_o understand_v they_o and_o which_o it_o be_v our_o duty_n to_o express_v plain_o to_o he_o either_o by_o a_o perfect_a or_o imperfect_a obligation_n and_o this_o to_o the_o end_n either_o that_o he_o upon_o know_v our_o mind_n may_v make_v to_o himself_o some_o benefit_n thereby_o or_o that_o he_o may_v avoid_v some_o undeserved_a evil_n which_o he_o will_v incur_v upon_o a_o wrong_a understanding_n of_o the_o case_n hence_o by_o the_o by_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v account_v lie_v when_o even_o for_o the_o nonce_n a_o tale_n be_v tell_v concern_v any_o thing_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o do_v not_o exact_o quadrate_n with_o the_o thing_n itself_o nor_o with_o our_o own_o opinion_n of_o it_o and_o consequent_o that_o the_o congruity_n of_o word_n with_o thing_n which_o constitute_v the_o logical_a verity_n be_v not_o in_o all_o point_v the_o same_o with_o moral_a truth_n on_o the_o contrary_a that_o be_v right_o call_v a_o lie_n when_o our_o word_n bear_v a_o different_a lye_n viii_o a_o lye_n signification_n from_o that_o which_o we_o think_v in_o our_o mind_n whereas_o the_o person_n to_o who_o we_o direct_v our_o discourse_n have_v a_o right_a to_o understand_v the_o thing_n as_o it_o real_o be_v and_o we_o be_v under_o a_o obligation_n of_o make_v our_o mean_v plain_a to_o he_o from_z what_o be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o untruth_n ix_o untruth_n those_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n chargeable_a with_o lie_v who_o entertain_v child_n or_o the_o like_a with_o fable_n and_o fictitious_a discourse_n for_o their_o better_a information_n they_o be_v suppose_v uncapable_a of_o the_o naked_a truth_n as_o neither_o be_v those_o who_o make_v use_v of_o a_o feign_a story_n to_o some_o good_a end_n which_o can_v not_o be_v attain_v by_o speak_v the_o plain_a truth_n suppose_v to_o protect_v a_o innocent_a to_o appease_v a_o angry_a man_n to_o comfort_v one_o who_o be_v in_o sorrow_n to_o encourage_v the_o fearful_a to_o persuade_v a_o nauseat_a patient_n to_o take_v his_o
be_v usual_o lend_v be_v call_v fungibiles_fw-la that_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v repay_v in_o kind_a though_o not_o in_o specie_fw-la because_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n may_v so_o perform_v the_o part_n of_o another_o thing_n that_o he_o who_o receive_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_a in_o the_o same_o quantity_n and_o quality_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v receive_v the_o same_o which_o he_o give_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v likewise_o determine_v and_o specify_v by_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n in_o which_o respect_n also_o they_o be_v common_o call_v quantity_n as_o they_o be_v contradistinct_a to_o species_n now_o a_o thing_n be_v lend_v either_o gratis_o so_o as_o no_o more_o be_v to_o be_v receive_v than_o be_v deliver_v or_o else_o for_o some_o profit_n or_o advantage_n which_o be_v call_v usury_n and_o which_o be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n provide_v it_o be_v moderate_a and_o proportionable_a to_o the_o gain_n which_o the_o other_o person_n make_v of_o the_o money_n or_o the_o thing_n lent_n and_o which_o have_v it_o not_o be_v put_v out_o will_v have_v be_v neither_o loss_n nor_o gain_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o exact_v of_o poor_a man_n to_o who_o a_o thing_n lent_n be_v sometime_o as_o good_a as_o a_o alms._n in_o a_o contract_n of_o partnership_n two_o or_o partnership_n xii_o partnership_n more_o join_v together_o their_o money_n wares_n or_o work_v with_o a_o intention_n that_o every_o one_o shall_v receive_v a_o proportionable_a share_n of_o the_o profit_n and_o if_o there_o happen_v to_o be_v any_o loss_n that_o likewise_o must_v be_v bear_v ratable_o by_o each_o party_n in_o which_o kind_n of_o society_n as_o all_o party_n be_v oblige_v to_o faithfulness_n and_o industry_n so_o no_o party_n must_v break_v off_o the_o partnership_n before_o the_o time_n or_o to_o the_o detriment_n of_o his_o partner_n but_o when_o the_o time_n of_o the_o partnership_n be_v expire_v after_o the_o gain_n and_o loss_n be_v allow_v each_o party_n be_v to_o receive_v what_o stock_n he_o put_v in_o but_o if_o one_o person_n put_v in_o money_n or_o good_n and_o the_o other_o contribute_v his_o labour_n we_o must_v consider_v after_o what_o manner_n such_o a_o contribution_n be_v make_v for_o when_o one_o man_n labour_n be_v only_o concern_v about_o the_o manage_n and_o dispose_n of_o the_o other_o person_n money_n or_o good_n the_o share_n of_o the_o gain_n be_v so_o to_o be_v determine_v as_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o money_n or_o commodity_n bear_v proportion_n to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o labour_n the_o principal_a still_o remain_v the_o property_n of_o he_o only_o who_o first_o contribute_v it_o but_o when_o any_o labour_n be_v bestow_v in_o the_o improvement_n of_o any_o commodity_n which_o be_v put_v in_o by_o another_o he_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v such_o a_o share_n in_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o improvement_n it_o have_v receive_v again_o when_o man_n engage_v all_o that_o they_o have_v in_o any_o joint-stock_n as_o each_o of_o the_o partner_n must_v faithful_o bring_v into_o the_o account_n the_o profit_n they_o have_v make_v so_o also_o every_o one_o of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v maintain_v out_o of_o the_o joint-stock_n according_a to_o their_o condition_n but_o when_o the_o partnership_n be_v break_v off_o the_o division_n of_o the_o good_n be_v make_v ratable_o according_a as_o each_o party_n at_o first_o bring_v in_o without_o any_o regard_n have_v by_o who_o good_n any_o gain_n or_o loss_n happen_v to_o the_o company_n unless_o beforehand_o it_o be_v otherwise_o agree_v there_o be_v likewise_o several_a contract_n chance_n xiii_o contract_n upon_o chance_n which_o imply_v a_o chance_n among_o which_o may_v be_v reckon_v wager_n when_o the_o certainty_n of_o any_o event_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o know_v by_o either_o party_n be_v affirm_v by_o one_o and_o deny_v by_o the_o other_o a_o certain_a value_n be_v lay_v on_o both_o side_n which_o be_v adjudge_v to_o that_o person_n to_o who_o assertion_n the_o event_n be_v find_v to_o agree_v hitherto_o may_v also_o be_v refer_v all_o sort_n of_o game_n wherein_o we_o play_v for_o any_o thing_n of_o value_n among_o which_o those_o have_v the_o least_o chance_n which_o contain_v a_o trial_n of_o wit_n dexterity_n skill_n or_o strength_n in_o some_o of_o these_o skill_n and_o chance_n have_v both_o a_o like_a share_n in_o other_o chance_n do_v chief_o determine_v the_o matter_n although_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n to_o consider_v how_o far_o such_o kind_n of_o contract_n may_v be_v tolerate_v as_o consistent_a with_o the_o public_a or_o private_a good_a among_o these_o we_o may_v reckon_v the_o various_a sort_n of_o lottery_n as_o either_o when_o several_a man_n have_v pay_v for_o a_o thing_n by_o money_n lay_v down_o joint_o refer_v it_o to_o a_o decision_n by_o lot_n which_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o whole_a or_o when_o a_o box_n or_o pot_n of_o lot_n be_v make_v use_n of_o into_o which_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o lot_n or_o paper_n both_o blank_n and_o prize_n be_v put_v and_o for_o some_o set_a price_n liberty_n be_v grant_v of_o draw_v they_o out_o so_o that_o the_o person_n draw_v may_v receive_v the_o prize_n mark_v upon_o the_o lot_n to_o these_o contract_v the_o receive_v method_n of_o insurance_n have_v some_o kind_n of_o affinity_n which_o be_v such_o bargain_n whereby_o be_v undertake_v the_o secure_n from_o and_o make_v good_a any_o damage_n so_o that_o the_o insurer_n for_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n pay_v down_o take_v upon_o himself_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o satisfy_v for_o whatsoever_o loss_n or_o damage_n any_o commodity_n may_v undergo_v in_o their_o transportation_n to_o remote_a country_n so_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o they_o be_v lose_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o pay_v the_o owner_n the_o value_n of_o they_o for_o the_o render_n of_o contract_n and_o pledge_n fourteen_o surety_n and_o pledge_n covenant_n more_o firm_a and_o secure_a surety_n and_o pledge_n be_v frequent_o make_v use_n of_o a_o surety_n be_v when_o another_o person_n who_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o creditor_n take_v upon_o himself_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o principal_a debtor_n so_o that_o unless_o he_o make_v payment_n the_o other_o must_v make_v it_o good_a yet_o so_o that_o the_o principal_a debtor_n be_v oblige_v to_o repay_v he_o and_o save_v he_o harmless_a and_o although_o the_o surety_n can_v stand_v bind_v for_o a_o great_a sum_n than_o the_o principal_a debtor_n yet_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o the_o surety_n be_v more_o firm_o tie_v than_o the_o other_o because_o more_o be_v rely_v upon_o his_o credit_n than_o upon_o that_o of_o the_o principal_a debtor_n yet_o in_o course_n the_o principal_a debtor_n be_v to_o be_v call_v upon_o before_o the_o surety_n unless_o he_o have_v whole_o take_v the_o obligation_n upon_o himself_o and_o such_o a_o person_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v common_o call_v expromissor_n or_o a_o undertaker_n now_o if_o several_a person_n be_v security_n for_o one_o each_o of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v call_v upon_o for_o his_o proportion_n only_o unless_o by_o accident_n any_o one_o of_o they_o become_v insolvent_a or_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o other_o must_v be_v charge_v with_o his_o share_n it_o be_v likewise_o oftentimes_o customary_a for_o mortgage_n xv._o pledge_v or_o mortgage_n the_o debtor_n to_o deliver_v or_o make_v over_o to_o the_o creditor_n for_o secure_v his_o debt_n some_o certain_a thing_n which_o be_v call_v a_o pledge_n or_o a_o mortgage_n until_o the_o debt_n be_v pay_v the_o intent_n of_o which_o be_v not_o only_o that_o the_o debtor_n shall_v be_v excite_v to_o make_v payment_n out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o recover_v what_o belong_v to_o he_o but_o also_o that_o the_o creditor_n shall_v have_v some_o prospect_n how_o he_o may_v be_v satisfy_v and_o upon_o this_o account_n pledge_n ought_v regular_o to_o be_v of_o equal_a or_o great_a value_n than_o the_o debt_n itself_o now_o the_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v offer_v as_o pledge_n be_v either_o improveable_a or_o not_o improveable_a as_o to_o the_o former_a kind_n there_o be_v common_o add_v a_o covenant_n call_v pactum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o empower_n the_o creditor_n to_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o that_o pledge_n instead_o of_o interest_n now_o as_o to_o the_o other_o sort_n the_o lex_fw-la commissoria_n take_v place_n which_o provide_v that_o the_o pledge_n shall_v be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o creditor_n if_o payment_n be_v not_o make_v within_o a_o certain_a time_n limit_v and_o this_o be_v no_o way_n unreasonable_a when_o the_o pledge_n be_v not_o of_o great_a value_n than_o
as_o be_v apparent_a to_o the_o sense_n hence_o therefore_o every_o one_o in_o foro_fw-la humano_fw-la be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v oblige_v to_o that_o thing_n which_o he_o may_v fair_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v suggest_v by_o a_o right_a interpretation_n of_o the_o outward_a sign_n make_v by_o he_o wherefore_o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o the_o true_a understanding_n both_o of_o law_n and_o covenant_n and_o for_o the_o better_a discharge_v the_o duty_n thence_o arise_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v lay_v down_o certain_a rule_n for_o the_o true_a interpretation_n of_o word_n especial_o they_o be_v the_o most_o common_a and_o ordinary_a sign_n whereby_o we_o express_v our_o mind_n and_o intention_n concern_v common_a and_o vulgar_a term_n ii_o popular_a term_n term_n this_o be_v the_o rule_n word_n be_v general_o to_o be_v take_v in_o their_o most_o proper_a and_o receive_a signification_n which_o they_o have_v not_o so_o much_o from_o analogy_n and_o construction_n of_o grammar_n or_o conformity_n of_o derivation_n as_o by_o popular_a use_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v the_o sovereign_a comptroller_n and_o judge_n of_o speech_n term_n of_o art_n be_v to_o be_v explain_v according_a art_n iii_o term_n of_o art_n to_o the_o definition_n of_o person_n know_v in_o each_o art_n but_o if_o those_o term_n be_v different_o define_v by_o several_a person_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o dispute_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o express_v in_o vulgar_a term_n what_o we_o mean_v by_o such_o a_o word_n but_o for_o discover_v the_o genuine_a meaning_n conjecture_n iu_o conjecture_n of_o word_n it_o be_v sometime_o necessary_a to_o make_v use_n of_o conjecture_n if_o either_o the_o word_n in_o themselves_o or_o the_o connection_n of_o they_o be_v ambiguous_a and_o liable_a to_o a_o double_a interpretation_n or_o if_o some_o part_n of_o the_o discourse_n seem_v to_o contradict_v the_o other_o yet_o so_o as_o by_o a_o fair_a and_o true_a explanation_n they_o may_v be_v reconcile_v for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o plain_a and_o manifest_a contrariety_n the_o latter_a part_n must_v be_v account_v to_o contradict_v that_o which_o go_v before_o now_o conjecture_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o subject-matter_n v._o take_v from_o the_o subject-matter_n the_o right_a meaning_n thereof_o in_o a_o ambiguous_a or_o intricate_a expression_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o subject_a matter_n from_o the_o effect_n and_o the_o accident_n or_o circumstance_n as_o to_o the_o matter_n this_o be_v the_o rule_n word_n be_v general_o to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n for_o he_o that_o speak_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v always_o in_o view_n the_o matter_n of_o which_o he_o discourse_v and_o therefore_o agreeable_a thereunto_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n be_v always_o to_o be_v apply_v as_o to_o the_o effect_n and_o consequence_n this_o consequence_n vi_o from_o the_o consequence_n be_v the_o rule_n when_o word_n take_v in_o the_o literal_a and_o simple_a sense_n admit_v either_o oâ—_n none_n or_o else_o of_o some_o absurd_a consequence_n we_o must_v recede_v so_o far_o from_o the_o more_o receive_v mean_v as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o avoid_n of_o a_o nullity_n or_o absurdity_n farthermore_o most_o probable_a conjecture_n circumstance_n vii_o from_o circumstance_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o circumstance_n because_o of_o consequence_n every_o one_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v consistent_a with_o himself_o now_o these_o circumstance_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v either_o as_o to_o their_o place_n or_o only_o as_o to_o the_o occasion_n of_o they_o concern_v the_o former_a of_o these_o this_o be_v the_o rule_n if_o the_o sense_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o discourse_n be_v express_v plain_o and_o clear_o the_o more_o obscure_a phrase_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v by_o those_o plain_a and_o familiar_a one_o to_o this_o rule_n there_o be_v another_o near_o relate_v in_o the_o explain_n of_o any_o discourse_n the_o antecedent_n and_o consequent_n must_v be_v careful_o heed_v to_o which_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v insert_v between_o be_v presume_v to_o answer_v and_o agree_v but_o concern_v the_o latter_a this_o be_v the_o rule_n the_o obscure_a expression_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v by_o what_o he_o have_v deliver_v more_o clear_o though_o it_o be_v at_o another_o time_n and_o place_n unless_o it_o manifest_o appear_v that_o he_o have_v change_v his_o opinion_n it_o be_v likewise_o of_o very_o great_a use_n for_o thing_n viii_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n find_v out_o the_o true_a mean_v in_o law_n especial_o to_o examine_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n or_o those_o cause_n and_o consideration_n which_o induce_v the_o legislator_n to_o the_o make_v thereof_o and_o moreparticular_o when_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o that_o be_v the_o only_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n concern_v which_o this_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n be_v to_o be_v follow_v which_o agree_v with_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n and_o the_o contrary_n be_v to_o be_v reject_v if_o it_o be_v altogether_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o same_o so_o likewise_o when_o the_o sole_a and_o adequate_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n cease_v the_o law_n itself_o cease_v but_o when_o there_o be_v several_a reason_n of_o the_o same_o law_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o if_o one_o of_o they_o cease_v the_o whole_a law_n cease_v too_o when_o there_o be_v more_o reason_n remain_v which_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o keep_n it_o still_o in_o force_n sometime_o also_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n be_v sufficient_a where_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v conceal_v moreover_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o signification_n ix_o word_n of_o various_a signification_n many_o word_n have_v various_a signification_n one_o meaning_n be_v of_o great_a latitude_n and_o the_o other_o more_o strict_a and_o confine_v and_o then_o the_o subject_a matter_n be_v sometime_o of_o a_o favourable_a nature_n sometime_o invidious_a sometime_o between_o both_o or_o indifferent_a those_o be_v favourable_a where_o the_o condition_n be_v equal_a on_o both_o side_n where_o regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o public_a good_a where_o provision_n be_v make_v upon_o transaction_n already_o ratify_v and_o which_o tend_v to_o the_o promote_a of_o peace_n and_o the_o like_a the_o invidious_a or_o most_o distasteful_a be_v that_o which_o aggrieve_v one_o party_n only_o or_o one_o more_o than_o the_o other_o that_o which_o imply_v a_o certain_a penalty_n that_o which_o make_v any_o transaction_n of_o none_o effect_n or_o altar_n what_o go_v before_o that_o which_o promote_v war_n and_o trouble_n that_o which_o be_v between_o both_o and_o indifferent_a be_v that_o indeed_o which_o make_v some_o change_n and_o alteration_n in_o the_o former_a state_n of_o thing_n but_o it_o be_v only_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o peace_n concern_v these_o this_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o those_o thing_n which_o admit_v of_o a_o favourable_a construction_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o large_a and_o most_o comprehensive_a meaning_n but_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o unpleasing_a construction_n in_o the_o most_o literal_a and_o strict_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n there_o be_v likewise_o some_o kind_n of_o extend_v x._o conjecture_n extend_v conjecture_n which_o be_v elsewhere_o to_o be_v fetch_v than_o from_o the_o word_n and_o which_o be_v the_o occasion_n that_o the_o interpretation_n of_o they_o be_v sometime_o to_o be_v extend_v and_o at_o other_o time_n to_o be_v confine_v although_o it_o be_v more_o easy_a to_o give_v reason_n why_o the_o explanation_n thereof_o shall_v be_v confine_v and_o limit_v than_o extend_v but_o the_o law_n may_v be_v extend_v to_o a_o case_n which_o be_v not_o express_v in_o the_o law_n if_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o reason_n which_o suit_v to_o this_o case_n be_v particular_o regard_v by_o the_o lawgiver_n among_o other_o consideration_n and_o that_o he_o do_v design_n to_o include_v the_o other_o case_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n the_o law_n also_o aught_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o those_o case_n wherein_o the_o subtlety_n of_o ill_a man_n have_v find_v out_o trick_n in_o order_n to_o evade_v the_o force_n of_o the_o law_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o some_o expression_n limit_v xi_o conjecture_n limit_v deliver_v in_o general_a term_n shall_v be_v restrain_v may_v happen_v either_o from_o the_o original_a defect_n of_o the_o will_n or_o from_o the_o repugnancy_n of_o some_o emergent_a case_n to_o the_o will_n and_o intention_n that_o any_o person_n be_v to_o be_v presume_v not_o at_o first_o to_o have_v intend_v any_o such_o thing_n may_v be_v understand_v 1._o from_o the_o absurdity_n which_o otherwise_o will_v follow_v from_o thence_o and_o which_o it_o be_v believe_v no_o man_n in_o his_o wit_n can_v design_n hence_o general_n expression_n be_v to_o
be_v restrain_v inasmuch_o as_o such_o absurdity_n will_v thence_o otherwise_o arise_v 2._o from_o want_n of_o that_o reason_n which_o may_v chief_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v of_o that_o mind_n hence_o in_o a_o general_n expression_n those_o case_n be_v not_o comprehend_v which_o do_v no_o way_n agree_v with_o the_o sole_a and_o adequate_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n 3._o from_o defect_n of_o matter_n which_o always_o he_o that_o speak_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v consider_v and_o therefore_o all_o those_o general_a word_n be_v to_o be_v regard_v with_o relation_n to_o the_o same_o now_o that_o a_o emergent_a state_n of_o thing_n case_n xii_o emergent_a case_n be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o person_n who_o make_v the_o constitution_n may_v be_v discover_v either_o from_o natural_a reason_n or_o else_o from_o some_o declare_a mark_n and_o signification_n of_o his_o mean_v the_o first_o happen_v when_o we_o must_v exclude_v equity_n if_o some_o certain_a case_n be_v not_o exempt_v from_o the_o universal_a law_n for_o equity_n be_v the_o correct_v of_o what_o be_v defective_a in_o the_o law_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o universality_n and_o because_o all_o case_n can_v neither_o be_v foresee_v nor_o set_v down_o because_o of_o the_o infinite_a variety_n of_o they_o therefore_o when_o general_a word_n be_v apply_v to_o special_a case_n those_o case_n be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o exempt_a which_o the_o lawgiver_n himself_o will_v likewise_o have_v exempt_v if_o he_o have_v be_v consult_v upon_o such_o a_o case_n but_o we_o must_v not_o have_v recourse_n to_o equity_n unless_o there_o be_v very_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o it_o the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v if_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v be_v violate_v if_o we_o follow_v too_o close_o the_o letter_n of_o that_o law_n the_o next_o ground_n of_o exception_n be_v that_o though_o it_o be_v not_o indeed_o unlawful_a to_o keep_v to_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o if_o upon_o a_o impartial_a consideration_n the_o thing_n shall_v seem_v too_o grievous_a and_o burdensome_a either_o to_o man_n in_o general_n or_o to_o some_o certain_a person_n or_o else_o if_o the_o design_n be_v not_o of_o that_o value_n as_o to_o be_v purchase_v at_o so_o dear_a a_o rate_n last_o a_o exception_n be_v to_o be_v make_v time_n xiii_o exception_n with_o regard_n to_o time_n from_o a_o general_n expression_n if_o word_n put_v in_o another_o place_n be_v not_o indeed_o direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o present_a law_n oâ—_n agreement_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o circumstance_n in_o time_n pro_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la can_v be_v observe_v all_o at_o once_o here_o therefore_o some_o certain_a rule_n be_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o order_n to_o understand_v what_o law_n in_o that_o case_n when_o both_o can_v be_v observe_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v 1._o that_o which_o be_v only_o permit_v be_v to_o give_v place_n to_o what_o be_v enjoin_v 2._o what_o must_v be_v do_v at_o some_o certain_a time_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o that_o which_o may_v be_v do_v at_o any_o time_n 3._o a_o affirmative_a precept_n give_v place_n to_o the_o negative_a or_o when_o the_o affirmative_a precept_n can_v be_v observe_v without_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o negative_a the_o performance_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o be_v omit_v for_o the_o present_a 4._o among_o agreement_n and_o law_n which_o be_v otherwise_o of_o equal_a authority_n a_o particular_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o general_n one_o 5._o of_o two_o covenant_n make_v together_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v found_v upon_o more_o honourable_a and_o beneficial_a reason_n than_o the_o other_o it_o be_v but_o equal_a that_o the_o former_a shall_v take_v place_n of_o the_o latter_a 6._o a_o covenant_n or_o contract_n that_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o oath_n take_v place_n of_o one_o which_o be_v not_o so_o when_o both_o can_v be_v observe_v at_o the_o same_o time_n 7._o a_o imperfect_a obligation_n give_v place_n to_o that_o which_o be_v perfect_a 8._o the_o duty_n of_o beneficence_n all_o circumstance_n right_o compare_v give_v place_n to_o the_o duty_n of_o gratitude_n the_o whole_a duty_n of_o man_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n book_n ii_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o men._n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o inquire_v man._n i._o condition_n of_o man._n concern_v those_o duty_n which_o be_v incumbent_a upon_o a_o man_n with_o regard_n to_o that_o particular_a state_n wherein_o he_o find_v himself_o ordain_v by_o providence_n to_o live_v in_o the_o world_n what_o we_o mean_v by_o such_o state_n be_v in_o general_a that_o condition_n or_o degree_n with_o all_o its_o relative_n in_o which_o man_n be_v place_v they_o be_v therefore_o suppose_v to_o be_v oblige_v to_o those_o or_o these_o performance_n and_o such_o state_n whatever_o it_o be_v have_v some_o peculiar_a right_n and_o office_n thereunto_o belong_v the_o state_n of_o man_n then_o may_v be_v distinguish_v adventitious_a ii_o twofold_n natural_a and_o adventitious_a into_o either_o natural_a or_o adventitious_a the_o natural_a state_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o light_n of_o natural_a reason_n alone_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o threefold_a either_o as_o it_o regard_v god_n our_o creator_n or_o as_o it_o concern_v every_o single_a man_n as_o to_o himself_o or_o as_o it_o affect_v other_o man_n concern_v all_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o man_n consider_v first_o iii_o natural_a state_n threefold_a first_o in_o the_o first_o mention_v way_n be_v that_o condition_n wherein_o he_o be_v place_v by_o the_o creator_n pursuant_n to_o his_o divine_a will_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v the_o most_o excellent_a animal_n in_o the_o whole_a creation_n from_o the_o consideration_n of_o which_o state_n it_o follow_v that_o man_n ought_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o author_n of_o his_o be_v to_o pay_v he_o adoration_n and_o to_o admire_v the_o work_n of_o his_o hand_n and_o moreover_o to_o lead_v his_o life_n after_o a_o different_a manner_n from_o that_o of_o the_o brute_n so_o that_o the_o contrary_a to_o this_o state_n be_v the_o life_n and_o condition_n of_o brute_n in_o the_o second_o way_n we_o may_v contemplate_v second_n iv_o second_n the_o natural_a state_n of_o man_n by_o serious_o form_v in_o our_o mind_n a_o idea_n of_o what_o his_o condition_n will_v be_v if_o every_o one_o be_v leave_v alone_o to_o himself_o without_o any_o help_n from_o other_o man_n especial_o consider_v the_o present_a circumstance_n under_o which_o we_o at_o this_o time_n find_v humane_a nature_n which_o will_v certain_o be_v much_o more_o miserable_a than_o that_o of_o a_o beast_n if_o we_o think_v with_o ourselves_o with_o what_o weakness_n man_n enter_v this_o world_n so_o that_o he_o must_v immediate_o perish_v except_o he_o be_v sustain_v by_o other_o and_o how_o rude_a a_o life_n he_o must_v lead_v if_o he_o can_v procure_v nothing_o for_o himself_o but_o by_o mean_n of_o his_o own_o single_a strength_n and_o skill_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o we_o owe_v it_o all_o to_o the_o aid_n of_o other_o person_n that_o we_o be_v able_a to_o pass_v through_o so_o many_o infirmity_n from_o our_o infancy_n to_o manhood_n that_o we_o enjoy_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o convenience_n that_o we_o can_v improve_v our_o mind_n and_o body_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o to_o be_v useful_a to_o ourselves_o and_o our_o neighbour_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o natural_a state_n be_v oppose_v to_o a_o life_n not_o cultivate_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n after_o the_o three_o way_n we_o be_v to_o regard_v third_z v._o third_z the_o natural_a state_n of_o man_n according_a as_o man_n be_v understand_v to_o stand_v in_o respect_n to_o one_o another_o mere_o from_o that_o common_a alliance_n which_o result_v from_o the_o likeness_n of_o their_o nature_n before_o any_o mutual_a agreement_n make_v or_o other_o deed_n of_o man_n perform_v by_o which_o one_o can_v become_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o in_o which_o sense_n those_o be_v say_v to_o live_v reciprocal_o in_o a_o state_n of_o nature_n who_o acknowledge_v no_o common_a superior_n and_o of_o who_o none_o can_v pretend_v dominion_n over_o his_o fellow_n and_o who_o do_v not_o render_v themselves_o know_v to_o each_o other_o either_o by_o the_o do_n or_o good_a turn_n or_o injury_n and_o this_o state_n in_o this_o sense_n distinguish_v itself_o from_o the_o condition_n of_o man_n in_o a_o community_n moreover_o the_o property_n of_o this_o way_n vi_o consider_v again_o two_o way_n natural_a state_n may_v be_v consider_v either_o as_o it_o be_v represent_v to_o we_o notional_o and_o by_o way_n of_o fiction_n or_o as_o it_o
be_v real_o and_o indeed_o the_o former_a be_v do_v when_o we_o imagine_v a_o certain_a multitude_n of_o man_n at_o the_o beginning_n to_o have_v start_v up_o into_o being_n all_o at_o once_o without_o any_o dependence_n upon_o one_o another_o as_o it_o be_v fable_v of_o the_o cadmean_a harvest_n of_o brethren_n or_o else_o when_o we_o form_v a_o supposition_n that_o all_o the_o mutual_a tie_n by_o which_o mankind_n be_v one_o way_n or_o other_o unite_v together_o be_v now_o dissolve_v so_o that_o every_o man_n may_v set_v up_o for_o himself_o apart_o from_o the_o rest_n and_o no_o one_o man_n shall_v have_v any_o other_o relation_n to_o his_o fellow_n but_o the_o likeness_n of_o their_o nature_n but_o the_o true_a state_n of_o nature_n or_o that_o which_o be_v real_o so_o have_v this_o in_o it_o that_o there_o be_v no_o man_n who_o have_v not_o some_o peculiar_a obligation_n to_o some_o other_o man_n though_o with_o all_o the_o rest_n he_o may_v have_v no_o far_o alliance_n than_o that_o they_o be_v man_n and_o of_o the_o same_o kind_a and_o beside_o what_o arise_v from_o thence_o he_o owe_v they_o no_o service_n at_o all_o which_o at_o this_o time_n be_v the_o case_n of_o many_o kingdom_n and_o community_n and_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o same_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o same_o be_v ancient_o the_o state_n of_o the_o patriarch_n when_o they_o live_v independent_o it_o be_v then_o take_v for_o manifest_a that_o all_o authority_n vii_o paternal_a authority_n mankind_n never_o be_v universal_o and_o at_o once_o in_o the_o former_a natural_a state_n for_o those_o child_n who_o be_v beget_v and_o bear_v of_o the_o protoplast_n or_o first_o create_v man_n and_o woman_n from_o who_o the_o whole_a human_a race_n derive_v its_o original_a as_o the_o holy_a scripture_n tell_v we_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o paternal_a authority_n not_o but_o that_o this_o natural_a state_n arise_v afterward_o among_o some_o people_n for_o man_n at_o first_o in_o order_n to_o spread_v over_o this_o wide_a world_n and_o that_o they_o may_v find_v for_o themselves_o and_o their_o cattle_n more_o spacious_a abode_n leave_v the_o family_n of_o their_o father_n and_o roam_v into_o various_a region_n almost_o every_o single_a man_n become_v himself_o the_o father_n of_o a_o family_n of_o his_o own_o and_o the_o posterity_n of_o these_o again_o disperse_v themselves_o that_o peculiar_a bond_n of_o kindred_n and_o the_o natural_a affection_n thence_o arise_v by_o little_a and_o little_o be_v extinct_a and_o no_o other_o obligation_n remain_v but_o that_o common_a one_o which_o result_v from_o the_o likeness_n of_o their_o nature_n till_o afterward_o when_o mankind_n be_v vast_o multiply_v they_o have_v observe_v the_o many_o inconvenience_n of_o that_o loose_a way_n of_o live_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o place_n near_o one_o another_o by_o degree_n join_v in_o community_n which_o at_o first_o be_v small_a but_o grow_v soon_o great_a either_o by_o the_o voluntary_a or_o force_a conjunction_n of_o many_o which_o be_v lesser_a and_o among_o these_o community_n the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v still_o find_v they_o be_v not_o otherwise_o oblige_v to_o each_o other_o than_o by_o the_o common_a tie_n of_o humanity_n now_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a prerogative_n of_o liberty_n viii_o natural_a liberty_n those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n that_o they_o be_v subject_a and_o accountable_a to_o none_o but_o god_n only_o in_o which_o respect_n also_o this_o be_v call_v a_o state_n of_o natural_a liberty_n by_o which_o be_v understand_v that_o a_o person_n so_o circumstance_v without_o some_o antecedent_n human_a act_n to_o the_o contrary_a be_v to_o be_v account_v absolute_o in_o his_o own_o power_n and_o disposition_n and_o above_o the_o control_n of_o all_o mortal_a authority_n therefore_o also_o any_o one_o person_n be_v to_o be_v repute_v equal_a to_o any_o other_o to_o who_o himself_o be_v not_o subject_a neither_o be_v that_o other_o subject_n to_o he_o and_o furthermore_o whereas_o man_n be_v endue_v with_o the_o light_n of_o reason_n by_o the_o guidance_n whereof_o he_o may_v temper_v and_o regulate_v his_o action_n it_o follow_v that_o whosoever_o live_v in_o a_o state_n of_o natural_a liberty_n depend_v not_o on_o any_o other_o for_o the_o direction_n of_o his_o do_n but_o be_v vest_v with_o a_o right_a to_o do_v according_a to_o his_o own_o judgement_n and_o will_v any_o thing_n he_o shall_v think_v good_a and_o which_o be_v consonant_a to_o find_v reason_n and_o whereas_o man_n from_o that_o universal_a inclination_n which_o be_v implant_v in_o all_o live_a creature_n can_v but_o in_o order_n to_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o person_n and_o his_o life_n and_o to_o the_o keep_n off_o whatsoever_o mischief_n seem_v to_o threaten_v the_o destruction_n thereof_o take_v the_o utmost_a care_n and_o pain_n and_o apply_v all_o necessary_a mean_n to_o that_o end_n and_o yet_o whereas_o no_o man_n in_o this_o natural_a state_n have_v any_o superior_a person_n to_o who_o he_o may_v submit_v his_o design_n and_o opinion_n therefore_o every_o one_o in_o this_o state_n make_v use_v of_o his_o own_o judgement_n only_o in_o determine_v concern_v the_o fitness_n of_o mean_n whether_o they_o conduce_v to_o his_o self-preservation_n or_o not_o for_o though_o he_o may_v give_v ear_n to_o the_o advice_n of_o another_o yet_o it_o be_v in_o his_o choice_n whether_o he_o will_v approve_v or_o reject_v the_o same_o but_o that_o this_o absolute_a power_n of_o govern_v himself_o be_v right_o manage_v it_o be_v high_o necessary_a that_o all_o his_o administration_n be_v moderate_v by_o the_o dictate_v of_o true_a reason_n and_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o yet_o this_o natural_a state_n how_o allure_a inconvenience_n ix_o its_o inconvenience_n soever_o it_o appear_v to_o we_o with_o the_o name_n of_o liberty_n and_o flatter_v we_o with_o be_v free_a from_o all_o manner_n of_o subjection_n yet_o be_v it_o clog_v before_o man_n join_v themselves_o under_o government_n with_o many_o inconvenience_n whether_o we_o suppose_v every_o single_a man_n as_o in_o that_o condition_n or_o only_o consider_v the_o case_n of_o the_o patriarch_n or_o father_n of_o family_n while_o they_o live_v independent_a for_o if_o you_o form_n in_o your_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o man_n even_o at_o his_o full_a growth_n of_o strength_n and_o understanding_n but_o without_o all_o those_o assistance_n and_o advantage_n by_o which_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n have_v render_v human_a life_n much_o more_o orderly_a and_o more_o easy_a than_o at_o the_o beginning_n you_o shall_v have_v before_o you_o a_o naked_a creature_n no_o better_a than_o dumb_a want_v all_o thing_n satisfy_v his_o hunger_n with_o root_n and_o herb_n slake_v his_o thirst_n with_o any_o water_n he_o can_v find_v avoid_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wether_n by_o creep_v into_o cave_n or_o the_o like_a expose_v a_o easy_a prey_n to_o the_o ravenous_a beast_n and_o tremble_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o any_o of_o they_o it_o be_v true_a the_o way_n of_o live_v among_o the_o patriarch_n may_v be_v somewhat_o more_o comfortable_a even_o while_o they_o contain_v their_o family_n apart_o but_o yet_o it_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o life_n of_o man_n in_o a_o community_n not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o need_n they_o may_v have_v of_o thing_n from_o abroad_o which_o if_o they_o restrain_v their_o appetite_n they_o may_v perhaps_o well_o enough_o bear_v withal_o as_o because_o in_o that_o state_n they_o can_v have_v little_a certainty_n of_o any_o continue_a security_n and_o that_o we_o may_v comprehend_v all_o in_o a_o few_o word_n in_o a_o state_n of_o nature_n every_o man_n must_v rely_v upon_o his_o own_o single_a power_n whereas_o in_o a_o community_n all_o be_v on_o his_o side_n there_o no_o man_n can_v be_v sure_a of_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o labour_n here_o every_o one_o have_v it_o secure_v to_o he_o there_o the_o passion_n rule_v and_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a warfare_n accompany_v with_o fear_n want_n sordidness_n solitude_n barbarity_n ignorance_n and_o brutishness_n here_o reason_n govern_v and_o here_o be_v tranquillity_n security_n wealth_n neatness_n society_n elegancy_n knowledge_n and_o humanity_n beside_o in_o the_o natural_a state_n if_o any_o controversy_n x._o most_o convenient_a remedy_n in_o controversy_n one_o either_o will_v not_o voluntary_o make_v good_a what_o he_o have_v covenant_v to_o do_v or_o do_v another_o a_o injury_n or_o if_o upon_o any_o other_o account_v some_o dispute_n arise_v there_o be_v no_o man_n have_v authority_n to_o force_v the_o naughty_a person_n to_o perform_v his_o bargain_n to_o cause_v he_o to_o repair_v the_o wrong_n or_o to_o determine_v the_o controversy_n as_o there_o be_v in_o community_n where_o
i_o may_v have_v recourse_n for_o help_v to_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n and_o here_o because_o nature_n allow_v not_o that_o upon_o every_o occasion_n we_o shall_v be_v take_v ourselves_o to_o violent_a mean_n even_o though_o we_o be_v very_o well_o satisfy_v in_o our_o conscience_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o our_o cause_n therefore_o we_o be_v first_o to_o try_v whether_o the_o matter_n may_v not_o be_v compose_v after_o a_o mild_a way_n either_o by_o a_o amicable_a reason_n of_o the_o point_n in_o question_n between_o the_o party_n themselves_o or_o by_o a_o free_a and_o unconditional_a compromise_n or_o reference_n of_o the_o debate_n to_o arbitrator_n and_o these_o referee_n be_v to_o manage_v the_o matter_n with_o a_o equal_a regard_n to_o both_o side_n and_o in_o give_v their_o award_n they_o be_v to_o have_v a_o eye_n only_o to_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n set_v aside_o all_o partial_a animosity_n or_o affection_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v not_o best_o to_o choose_v any_o man_n a_o arbitrator_n in_o such_o a_o cause_n wherein_o he_o shall_v have_v great_a hope_n of_o profit_n or_o particular_a reputation_n if_o one_o party_n get_v the_o better_a rather_o than_o the_o other_o and_o consequent_o where_o it_o be_v his_o interest_n that_o that_o litigant_fw-la at_o what_o rate_n soever_o gain_v the_o point_n hence_o also_o there_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v any_o underhand_o bargain_n or_o promise_n between_o the_o umpire_n and_o either_o of_o the_o party_n by_o which_o he_o may_v be_v oblige_v to_o give_v his_o judgement_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o same_o now_o in_o this_o affair_n if_o the_o arbitrator_n can_v find_v out_o the_o truth_n in_o fact_n neither_o from_o the_o confession_n of_o the_o party_n nor_o from_o apparent_a write_n nor_o any_o other_o manifest_a argument_n and_o sign_n he_o must_v then_o inform_v himself_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o witness_n who_o though_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n oblige_v especial_o be_v usual_o reinforce_v by_o the_o religion_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o speak_v the_o truth_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o safe_a not_o to_o admit_v the_o evidence_n of_o such_o as_o be_v so_o peculiar_o affect_v to_o one_o party_n that_o their_o conscience_n will_v be_v force_v to_o struggle_v with_o the_o passion_n either_o of_o love_n hatred_n desire_v of_o revenge_n any_o violent_a affection_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o else_o some_o strict_a friendship_n or_o dependence_n all_o or_o any_o of_o which_o every_o man_n be_v not_o endue_v with_o constancy_n enough_o to_o surmount_v controversy_n also_o be_v frequent_o make_v a_o end_n of_o by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o common_a friend_n of_o each_o party_n which_o to_o do_v be_v deserve_o account_v among_o the_o best_a action_n of_o a_o good_a man_n for_o the_o rest_n in_o this_o state_n when_o performance_n be_v not_o make_v good_a by_o either_o side_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n the_o other_o seek_v his_o due_a after_o what_o manner_n he_o like_v best_o now_o though_o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o nature_n nature_n xi_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n itself_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o sort_n of_o kindred_n between_o all_o mankind_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o may_v be_v oblige_v at_o least_o not_o to_o hurt_v one_o another_o but_o rather_o to_o assist_v and_o contribute_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o fellow_n yet_o this_o alliance_n be_v find_v to_o be_v but_o of_o little_a force_n among_o those_o who_o live_v promiscuous_o in_o a_o state_n of_o natural_a liberty_n so_o that_o any_o man_n who_o be_v not_o under_o the_o same_o law_n and_o possibility_n of_o coercion_n with_o ourselves_o or_o with_o who_o we_o live_v loose_o and_o free_a from_o any_o obligation_n in_o the_o say_a state_n be_v not_o indeed_o to_o be_v treat_v as_o a_o enemy_n but_o may_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o friend_n not_o too_o free_o to_o be_v trust_v and_o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v that_o man_n not_o only_o be_v accomplish_v with_o a_o ability_n to_o do_v mischief_n to_o his_o like_a but_o for_o many_o cause_n have_v also_o a_o will_v so_o to_o do_v for_o some_o the_o pravity_n of_o their_o nature_n ambition_n or_o covetousness_n incite_v to_o make_v insult_v upon_o other_o man_n other_o though_o of_o a_o meek_a and_o modest_a nature_n be_v force_v to_o use_v violence_n either_o in_o defend_v themselves_o from_o imminent_a outrage_n or_o by_o way_n of_o prevention_n beside_o that_o a_o rivalship_n in_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o some_o and_o in_o other_o competition_n for_o priority_n in_o one_o quality_n or_o other_o shall_v set_v they_o at_o variance_n so_o that_o in_o this_o state_n it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v perpetual_a jealousy_n mistrust_n design_n of_o undo_v each_o other_o eagerness_n to_o prevent_v every_o one_o his_o fellow_n or_o hope_n of_o make_v addition_n to_o his_o own_o strength_n by_o the_o ruin_n of_o other_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o every_o honest_a man_n to_o be_v content_a with_o his_o own_o and_o not_o to_o give_v provocation_n to_o his_o neighbour_n nor_o to_o covet_v that_o which_o be_v he_o so_o also_o it_o behoove_v he_o who_o will_v be_v as_o wary_a as_o be_v needful_a and_o who_o be_v willing_a to_o take_v care_n of_o his_o own_o good_a so_o to_o take_v all_o man_n for_o his_o friend_n as_o not_o to_o suppose_v yet_o but_o that_o the_o same_o may_v quick_o become_v his_o enemy_n so_o to_o cultivate_v peace_n with_o all_o man_n as_o to_o be_v provide_v though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o soon_o change_v to_o enmity_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n happy_a be_v that_o commonwealth_n where_o in_o time_n of_o quietness_n consideration_n be_v have_v of_o requisite_n for_o war._n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o marry_a state_n among_o those_o state_n of_o man_n which_o matrimony_n i._o matrimony_n we_o have_v call_v adventitious_a or_o in_o which_o a_o man_n be_v place_v by_o some_o antecedent_n humane_a act_n matrimony_n obtain_v the_o first_o place_n which_o also_o be_v the_o chief_a representation_n of_o the_o social_n life_n and_o the_o seedplot_n of_o mankind_n and_o first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o that_o ardent_a nature_n ii_o institute_v by_o nature_n propensity_n find_v to_o be_v in_o both_o sex_n to_o each_o other_o be_v not_o implant_v in_o they_o by_o the_o alwise_a creator_n mere_o that_o they_o may_v receive_v the_o satisfaction_n of_o a_o vain_a pleasure_n for_o have_v it_o be_v so_o nothing_o can_v have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a brutishness_n and_o confusion_n in_o the_o world_n but_o that_o hereby_o marry_a person_n may_v take_v the_o great_a delight_n in_o each_o other_o company_n and_o that_o both_o might_n with_o the_o more_o cheerfulness_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o necessary_a business_n of_o propagation_n and_o go_v through_o those_o care_n and_o trouble_n which_o accompany_v the_o breed_n and_o education_n of_o child_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o all_o use_v of_o the_o part_n destine_v by_o nature_n for_o this_o work_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n natural_a if_o it_o tend_v not_o to_o this_o end_n on_o which_o account_n also_o be_v forbid_v all_o lust_n for_o a_o different_a species_n or_o for_o the_o same_o sex_n all_o filthy_a pollution_n and_o indeed_o all_o copulation_n out_o of_o the_o state_n of_o matrimony_n whether_o with_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o both_o party_n or_o against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o woman_n the_o obligation_n under_o which_o we_o lie_v to_o matrimony_n iii_o obligation_n to_o matrimony_n contract_v matrimony_n may_v be_v consider_v either_o with_o respect_n to_o mankind_n in_o general_n or_o to_o our_o particular_a station_n and_o relation_n in_o the_o world_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o former_a of_o these_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n neither_o can_v nor_o aught_o to_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o promiscuous_a and_o uncertain_a copulation_n but_o be_v to_o be_v limit_v and_o circumscribe_v by_o the_o law_n of_o wedlock_n and_o only_o to_o be_v endeavour_v in_o a_o marry_a state_n for_o without_o this_o no_o man_n can_v imagine_v any_o decency_n or_o orderly_a society_n among_o man_n nor_o any_o observation_n of_o the_o civil_a rule_n of_o life_n but_o man_n single_o consider_v be_v oblige_v to_o enter_v the_o matrimonial_a state_n when_o a_o convenient_a occasion_n offer_v itself_o whereto_o also_o not_o only_o a_o mature_a age_n and_o a_o ability_n for_o generation-work_a be_v necessary_a but_o there_o ought_v beside_o to_o be_v a_o possibility_n of_o light_v on_o a_o person_n of_o the_o like_a condition_n and_o a_o capacity_n of_o maintain_v a_o wife_n and_o the_o posterity_n she_o shall_v bring_v forth_o and_o that_o the_o man_n may_v be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v fit_a to_o become_v the_o
paternal_a power_n the_o most_o ancient_a and_o most_o sacred_a kind_n of_o authority_n whereby_o child_n be_v oblige_v to_o reverence_v the_o command_n of_o their_o parent_n and_o to_o acknowledge_v their_o preeminence_n the_o authority_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o twofold_a ii_o its_o foundation_n twofold_a child_n have_v its_o chief_a foundation_n on_o a_o twofold_a cause_n first_o because_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n itself_o when_o man_n be_v make_v a_o sociable_a creature_n enjoin_v to_o parent_n the_o care_n of_o their_o child_n and_o lest_o they_o shall_v herein_o be_v negligent_a nature_n implant_v in_o they_o a_o most_o tender_a affection_n for_o their_o issue_n now_o that_o this_o care_n may_v be_v right_o manage_v it_o be_v requisite_a that_o they_o have_v a_o power_n of_o order_v the_o action_n of_o their_o child_n for_o their_o good_a because_o these_o as_o yet_o understand_v not_o for_o want_v of_o discretion_n how_o to_o govern_v themselves_o next_o this_o authority_n be_v also_o ground_v on_o the_o tacit_n consent_v of_o their_o offspring_n for_o it_o may_v fair_o be_v presume_v that_o if_o a_o infant_n at_o the_o time_n of_o its_o birth_n have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n and_o see_v that_o its_o life_n can_v not_o be_v preserve_v without_o the_o care_n of_o the_o parent_n to_o which_o must_v be_v join_v a_o power_n over_o itself_o it_o will_v ready_o consent_v to_o the_o same_o and_o desire_v for_o itself_o a_o comfortable_a education_n from_o they_o and_o this_o power_n as_o actual_o in_o the_o parent_n then_o when_o they_o breed_v and_o nurse_v up_o the_o child_n and_o from_o he_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v that_o he_o may_v become_v a_o fit_a member_n of_o humane_a society_n but_o whereas_o the_o mother_n concur_v no_o right_o iii_o which_o parent_n have_v great_a right_o less_o than_o the_o father_n to_o the_o generation_n of_o child_n and_o so_o the_o offspring_n be_v common_a to_o both_o it_o may_v be_v inquire_v which_o have_v the_o great_a right_a thereto_o concern_v which_o point_n we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v for_o if_o the_o issue_n be_v beget_v not_o in_o matrimony_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v rather_o the_o mother_n because_o here_o the_o father_n can_v be_v know_v except_o the_o mother_n discover_v he_o among_o those_o also_o who_o live_v in_o a_o state_n of_o natural_a liberty_n and_o above_o law_n it_o may_v be_v agree_v that_o the_o mother_n claim_n shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o that_o of_o the_o father_n but_o in_o community_n which_o have_v their_o formation_n from_o man_n the_o matrimonial_a contract_n regular_o commence_v on_o the_o man_n side_n and_o he_o become_v the_o head_n of_o the_o family_n the_o father_n right_o shall_v take_v place_n so_o as_o though_o the_o child_n be_v to_o pay_v the_o mother_n all_o reverence_n and_o gratitude_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o oblige_v to_o obey_v she_o when_o she_o bid_v that_o to_o be_v do_v which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o just_a command_n of_o the_o father_n yet_o upon_o the_o father_n decease_n his_o authority_n over_o his_o child_n especial_o if_o not_o of_o age_n seem_v to_o devolve_v upon_o the_o mother_n and_o if_o she_o marry_v again_o it_o pass_v to_o the_o stepfather_n he_o be_v esteem_v to_o succeed_v to_o the_o trust_n and_o care_n of_o a_o natural_a father_n and_o he_o who_o shall_v allow_v liberal_a education_n to_o a_o orphan_n or_o a_o forsake_a child_n shall_v have_v a_o right_a to_o exact_v filial_a obedience_n from_o the_o same_o but_o that_o we_o may_v handle_v more_o accurate_o distinguish_v iu._n paternal_a authority_n distinguish_v the_o power_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n we_o must_v distinguish_v first_o between_o patriarch_n or_o chief_n of_o independent_a family_n and_o such_o as_o be_v member_n of_o a_o community_n and_o then_o betwixt_o the_o power_n of_o a_o father_n as_o father_n and_o his_o power_n as_o head_n of_o his_o family_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v enjoin_v by_o nature_n to_o a_o father_n as_o such_o that_o he_o bring_v up_o his_o child_n well_o in_o order_n to_o render_v '_o emfit_v member_n of_o human_a society_n so_o long_o as_o till_o they_o can_v take_v care_n of_o themselves_o hence_o he_o have_v so_o much_o power_n give_v he_o over_o they_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o this_o end_n which_o therefore_o by_o no_o mean_n extend_v itself_o so_o as_o to_o give_v the_o parent_n liberty_n to_o destroy_v their_o unborn_a offspring_n or_o to_o cast_v away_o or_o kill_v it_o when_o it_o be_v bear_v for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o issue_n be_v of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o parent_n yet_o it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o human_a state_n equal_a to_o themselves_o and_o capable_a of_o receive_v injury_n from_o they_o neither_o also_o do_v this_o authority_n vest_n they_o with_o the_o exercise_n of_o a_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n upon_o occasion_n of_o any_o fault_n but_o only_o allow_v they_o to_o give_v moderate_a chastisement_n since_o the_o age_n we_o speak_v of_o be_v too_o tender_a to_o admit_v of_o such_o heinous_a crime_n as_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n but_o if_o a_o child_n shall_v stubborn_o spurn_v at_o all_o instruction_n and_o become_v hopeless_a of_o amendment_n the_o father_n may_v turn_v he_o out_o of_o his_o own_o house_n and_o abdicate_v or_o renounce_v he_o moreover_o this_o power_n thus_o nice_o childhood_n v._o childhood_n take_v may_v be_v consider_v according_a to_o the_o diverse_a age_n of_o child_n for_o in_o their_o early_a year_n when_o their_o reason_n be_v come_v to_o no_o maturity_n all_o their_o action_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o their_o parent_n during_o which_o time_n if_o any_o estate_n fall_v to_o the_o young_a person_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o possession_n and_o under_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o father_n so_o that_o the_o property_n be_v still_o reserve_v to_o the_o child_n though_o it_o may_v be_v reasonable_a enough_o that_o the_o profit_n arise_v therefrom_o shall_v be_v the_o father_n till_o the_o other_o arrive_v at_o manhood_n so_o also_o any_o advantage_n or_o profit_n that_o can_v be_v make_v by_o the_o labour_n of_o a_o son_n aught_o to_o accrue_v to_o the_o parent_n since_o with_o the_o latter_a lie_v all_o the_o care_n of_o maintain_v and_o of_o educate_v the_o former_a when_o child_n be_v come_v to_o man_n estate_n manhood_n vi_o manhood_n when_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o competent_a share_n of_o discretion_n and_o yet_o continue_v themselves_o a_o part_n of_o the_o father_n family_n than_o the_o power_n which_o the_o father_n have_v comes_z distinct_o to_o be_v consider_v either_o as_o he_o be_v a_o father_n or_o as_o head_n of_o the_o family_n and_o since_o in_o the_o former_a case_n he_o make_v his_o end_n to_o be_v the_o education_n and_o government_n of_o his_o child_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o when_o they_o be_v of_o ripe_a year_n they_o be_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o parent_n as_o wise_a than_o themselves_o and_o whosoever_o expect_v to_o be_v maintain_v upon_o what_o his_o father_n have_v and_o afterward_o to_o succeed_v to_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o same_o be_v oblige_v to_o accommodate_v himself_o to_o the_o method_n of_o his_o paternal_a household_n the_o management_n whereof_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o his_o father_n power_n patriarch_n or_o head_n of_o independent_a abridge_v vii_o patriarch_n power_n abridge_v family_n before_o they_o join_v in_o community_n act_v in_o many_o case_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o prince_n in_o their_o house_n so_o that_o their_o progeny_n who_o continue_v a_o part_n of_o their_o family_n pay_v the_o high_a veneration_n to_o their_o authority_n but_o afterward_o this_o family-royalty_n as_o well_o as_o some_o other_o private_a right_n be_v moderate_v for_o the_o benefit_n and_o order_n of_o community_n and_o in_o some_o place_n more_o in_o other_o less_o of_o power_n be_v leave_v to_o parent_n hence_o we_o see_v that_o in_o some_o government_n father_n have_v in_o criminal_a case_n a_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o child_n but_o in_o most_o it_o be_v not_o allow_v either_o for_o fear_n parent_n shall_v abuse_v this_o prerogative_n to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o public_a or_o to_o the_o unjust_a oppression_n of_o those_o so_o subject_v or_o lest_o through_o the_o tenderness_n of_o paternal_a affection_n many_o vice_n shall_v pass_v unpunished_a which_o may_v break_v forth_o one_o time_n or_o other_o into_o public_a mischief_n or_o else_o that_o father_n may_v not_o be_v under_o a_o necessity_n of_o pronounce_v so_o sad_a and_o ungrateful_a a_o sentence_n but_o when_o a_o son_n or_o daughter_n have_v leave_v parent_n viii_o piety_n ever_o due_a to_o parent_n the_o father_n house_n and_o either_o have_v set_v up_o a_o new_a family_n of_o their_o own_o or_o join_v to_o
another_o the_o paternal_a authority_n indeed_o cease_v but_o piety_n and_o observance_n be_v for_o ever_o due_a as_o be_v found_v in_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o parent_n who_o child_n can_v never_o or_o very_a seldom_o be_v suppose_v to_o requite_v now_o these_o merit_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o this_o only_a that_o a_o parent_n be_v to_o his_o child_n the_o author_n of_o life_n without_o which_o no_o good_a can_v be_v enjoy_v but_o that_o they_o bestow_v also_o a_o chargeable_a and_o painful_a education_n upon_o they_o that_o so_o they_o may_v become_v useful_a part_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o very_o often_o lay_v up_o somewhat_o for_o they_o in_o order_n to_o make_v their_o life_n more_o easy_a and_o comfortable_a and_o yet_o though_o the_o education_n of_o child_n be_v a_o duty_n lay_v upon_o parent_n by_o entrust_v ix_o education_n entrust_v nature_n itself_o it_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o either_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n or_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o child_n the_o care_n thereof_o may_v by_o they_o be_v entrust_v with_o another_o so_o still_o that_o the_o parent_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o oversight_n of_o the_o person_n depute_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o a_o father_n may_v not_o only_o commit_v his_o son_n to_o the_o tutorage_n of_o proper_a teacher_n but_o he_o may_v give_v he_o to_o another_o man_n to_o adopt_v he_o if_o he_o perceive_v it_o will_v be_v advantageous_a to_o he_o and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o maintain_v he_o rather_o than_o he_o shall_v die_v for_o want_n he_o may_v pawn_v he_o or_o sell_v he_o into_o some_o tolerable_a servitude_n reserve_v still_o a_o liberty_n of_o redeem_v he_o as_o soon_o as_o either_o himself_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n or_o any_o of_o his_o kindred_n shall_v â—e_v willing_a to_o do_v it_o but_o if_o any_o parent_n shall_v inhumane_o expose_v and_o forsake_v their_o child_n he_o who_o shall_v take_v it_o up_o and_o educate_v it_o shall_v have_v the_o fatherly_a authority_n over_o it_o so_o that_o the_o foster-child_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o pay_v filial_a obedience_n to_o his_o educator_n and_o as_o the_o father_n ought_v not_o to_o turn_v consent_n x._o marriage_n with_o parent_n consent_n his_o child_n out_o of_o his_o family_n while_o he_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o education_n and_o assistance_n from_o he_o without_o the_o most_o weighty_a reason_n so_o also_o ought_v not_o the_o son_n or_o daughter_n leave_v the_o parent_n house_n without_o his_o consent_n now_o whereas_o child_n frequent_o leave_v their_o father_n family_n on_o occasion_n of_o matrimony_n and_o since_o it_o much_o concern_v parent_n what_o person_n their_o child_n be_v marry_v to_o and_o from_o who_o they_o be_v to_o expect_v grandchild_n hence_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o filial_a duty_n herein_o to_o comply_v with_o the_o will_n of_o the_o parent_n and_o not_o to_o marry_v without_o their_o consent_n but_o if_o any_o do_v actual_o contract_v matrimony_n against_o their_o like_n and_o consummate_v the_o same_o such_o marriage_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v void_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n especial_o if_o they_o intend_v to_o be_v no_o long_o burdensome_a to_o their_o parent_n and_o that_o for_o the_o rest_n their_o condition_n be_v not_o scandalous_a so_o that_o if_o in_o any_o country_n such_o marriage_n be_v account_v null_n and_o void_a it_o proceed_v from_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o place_n the_o duty_n of_o parent_n consist_v chief_o parent_n xi_o duty_n of_o parent_n in_o this_o that_o they_o maintain_v their_o child_n handsome_o and_o that_o they_o so_o form_v their_o body_n and_o mind_n by_o a_o skilful_a and_o wise_a education_n as_o that_o they_o may_v become_v fit_a and_o useful_a member_n of_o humane_a and_o civil_a society_n man_n of_o probity_n wisdom_n and_o good_a temper_n so_o that_o they_o may_v apply_v themselves_o to_o some_o fit_a and_o honest_a way_n of_o live_v by_o which_o they_o may_v as_o their_o genius_n and_o opportunity_n shall_v offer_v raise_v and_o increase_v their_o fortune_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o child_n xii_o duty_n of_o child_n child_n to_o honour_v their_o parent_n that_o be_v to_o give_v they_o reverence_n not_o only_o in_o outward_a show_n but_o much_o more_o with_o a_o hearty_a respect_n as_o the_o author_n not_o only_o of_o their_o life_n but_o of_o so_o many_o other_o unvaluable_a benefit_n to_o they_o to_o obey_v they_o to_o be_v assistant_n to_o they_o to_o their_o utmost_a especial_o if_o they_o be_v age_v or_o in_o want_n not_o to_o undertake_v any_o business_n of_o moment_n without_o defer_v to_o their_o advice_n and_o opinion_n and_o last_o to_o bear_v with_o patience_n their_o moroseness_n and_o any_o other_o their_o infirmity_n if_o any_o such_o be_v chap._n iu._n the_o duty_n of_o master_n and_o servant_n after_o mankind_n come_v to_o be_v multiply_v begin_v i._o servile_a state_n how_o begin_v and_o it_o be_v find_v how_o convenient_o domestic_a affair_n may_v be_v manage_v by_o the_o service_n of_o other_o man_n it_o early_o become_v a_o practice_n to_o take_v servant_n into_o a_o family_n to_o do_v the_o office_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n there_o at_o first_o probable_o offer_v themselves_o drive_v thereto_o by_o necessity_n or_o a_o consciousness_n of_o their_o own_o want_n of_o understanding_n and_o then_o be_v assure_v that_o they_o shall_v constant_o be_v supply_v with_o food_n and_o necessary_n they_o devote_v all_o their_o service_n for_o ever_o to_o their_o master_n and_o then_o war_n rage_v up_o and_o down_o the_o world_n it_o grow_v a_o custom_n with_o most_o nation_n that_o those_o captive_n to_o who_o they_o grant_v their_o life_n shall_v be_v make_v slave_n ever_o after_o together_o with_o the_o posterity_n bear_v of_o they_o though_o in_o many_o country_n no_o such_o servitude_n be_v in_o use_n but_o all_o domestic_a office_n be_v perform_v by_o mercenary_a servant_n hire_v for_o a_o certain_a time_n now_o as_o there_o be_v several_a degree_n as_o servant_n ii_o a_o temporary_a servant_n it_o be_v of_o servitude_n so_o the_o power_n of_o the_o master_n and_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o servant_n do_v vary_v to_o a_o servant_n hire_v for_o a_o time_n the_o duty_n of_o the_o master_n be_v to_o pay_v he_o his_o wage_n the_o other_o make_v good_a on_o his_o part_n the_o work_n as_o agree_v for_o and_o because_o in_o this_o contract_n the_o condition_n of_o the_o master_n be_v the_o better_a therefore_o such_o servant_n be_v also_o to_o pay_v respect_n to_o his_o master_n according_a to_o his_o dignity_n and_o if_o he_o have_v do_v his_o business_n knavish_o or_o negligent_o he_o be_v liable_a to_o punishment_n from_o he_o provide_v it_o go_v not_o so_o far_o as_o any_o grievous_a maim_v of_o his_o body_n much_o less_o so_o far_o as_o infliction_n of_o death_n but_o to_o such_o a_o servant_n as_o voluntary_o servant_n iii_o a_o voluntary_a perpetual_a servant_n offer_v himself_o to_o a_o perpetual_a servitude_n the_o master_n be_v oblige_v to_o allow_v perpetual_a maintenance_n and_o all_o necessary_n for_o this_o life_n it_o be_v his_o duty_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n to_o give_v his_o constant_a labour_n in_o all_o service_n whereto_o his_o master_n shall_v command_v he_o and_o whatsoever_o he_o shall_v gain_v thereby_o he_o be_v to_o deliver_v to_o he_o in_o thus_o do_v however_o the_o master_n be_v to_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o strength_n and_o dexterity_n of_o his_o servant_n not_o exact_v rigorous_o of_o he_o what_o be_v above_o his_o power_n to_o do_v now_o this_o sort_n of_o servant_n be_v not_o only_o subject_a to_o the_o chastisement_n of_o his_o master_n for_o his_o negligence_n but_o the_o same_o may_v correct_v his_o manner_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v accommodate_v to_o preserve_v order_n and_o decency_n in_o the_o family_n but_o he_o may_v not_o fell_v he_o against_o his_o will_n because_o he_o choose_v this_o for_o his_o master_n of_o his_o own_o accord_n and_o not_o another_o and_o it_o concern_v he_o much_o with_o who_o he_o serve_v if_o he_o have_v be_v guilty_a of_o any_o heinous_a crime_n against_o one_o not_o of_o the_o same_o family_n he_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o civil_a power_n if_o he_o live_v in_o a_o community_n but_o if_o the_o family_n be_v independent_a he_o may_v be_v expel_v but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v against_o the_o same_o family_n it_o be_v independent_a the_o head_n thereof_o may_v inflict_v even_o capital_a punishment_n captive_n in_o war_n be_v make_v slave_n iu._n captive_a slave_n slave_n be_v frequent_o treat_v with_o great_a severity_n something_o of_o a_o hostile_a rage_n remain_v towards_o they_o and_o for_o that_o they_o attempt_v the_o worst_a upon_o we_o and_o our_o fortune_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o there_o intervene_v a_o mutual_a
devour_v another_o but_o after_o that_o by_o the_o constitute_n of_o community_n man_n be_v reduce_v into_o such_o a_o order_n and_o method_n that_o they_o may_v be_v safe_a and_o secure_a from_o mutual_a wrong_n and_o injury_n among_o themselves_o it_o be_v by_o that_o mean_v provide_v that_o thereby_o they_o may_v the_o better_o enjoy_v those_o advantage_n which_o be_v to_o be_v reap_v and_o expect_v from_o one_o another_o to_o wit_n that_o they_o may_v from_o their_o childhood_n be_v bring_v up_o and_o instruct_v in_o good_a manner_n and_o that_o they_o may_v invent_v and_o improve_v several_a kind_n of_o art_n and_o science_n whereby_o the_o life_n of_o man_n may_v be_v better_o provide_v and_o furnish_v with_o necessary_a convenience_n and_o the_o reason_n will_v be_v yet_o more_o cogent_a penalty_n viii_o farther_o penalty_n for_o the_o constitute_n of_o community_n if_o we_o consider_v that_o other_o mean_n will_v not_o have_v be_v capable_a of_o curb_v the_o malice_n of_o men._n for_o although_o we_o be_v enjoin_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o to_o do_v any_o injury_n one_o to_o another_o yet_o the_o respect_n and_o reverence_n to_o that_o law_n be_v not_o of_o that_o prevalence_n as_o to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a security_n for_o man_n to_o live_v altogether_o quiet_o and_o undisturbed_a in_o their_o natural_a liberty_n for_o although_o by_o accident_n there_o may_v be_v find_v some_o few_o man_n of_o that_o moderate_a quiet_a temper_n and_o disposition_n that_o they_o will_v do_v no_o injury_n to_o other_o though_o they_o may_v escape_v unpunished_a and_o there_o may_v be_v likewise_o some_o other_o that_o in_o some_o measure_n bridle_n in_o their_o disorderly_a affection_n through_o fear_n of_o some_o mischief_n that_o may_v ensue_v from_o thence_o yet_o on_o the_o contrary_a there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o such_o as_o have_v no_o regard_n at_o all_o to_o law_n or_o justice_n whenever_o they_o have_v any_o prospect_n of_o advantage_n or_o any_o hope_n by_o their_o own_o subtle_a trick_n and_o contrivance_n of_o be_v too_o hard_o for_o and_o delude_v the_o injure_a party_n and_o as_o it_o behoove_v every_o one_o that_o will_v take_v care_n of_o his_o own_o safety_n to_o endeavour_v to_o secure_v himself_o against_o this_o sort_n of_o person_n so_o no_o better_a care_n and_o provision_n can_v be_v make_v than_o by_o mean_n of_o these_o community_n and_o civil_a society_n for_o although_o some_o particular_a person_n may_v mutual_o agree_v together_o to_o assist_v each_o other_o yet_o unless_o there_o be_v some_o way_n find_v out_o whereby_o their_o opinion_n and_o judgement_n may_v be_v unite_v together_o and_o their_o will_n may_v be_v more_o firm_o bind_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o what_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o it_o will_v be_v in_o vain_a for_o any_o one_o to_o expect_v and_o rely_v upon_o any_o certain_a succour_n and_o assistance_n from_o they_o last_o although_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n penalty_n ix_o advantage_n of_o penalty_n do_v sufficient_o insinuare_fw-la unto_fw-la man_n that_o they_o who_o do_v any_o violence_n or_o injury_n to_o other_o man_n shall_v not_o escape_v unpunished_a yet_o neither_o the_o fear_n and_o dread_n of_o a_o divine_a be_v nor_o the_o sting_n of_o conscience_n be_v find_v to_o be_v of_o sufficient_a efficacy_n to_o restrain_v the_o malice_n and_o violence_n of_o all_o men._n for_o very_o many_o person_n through_o the_o prejudice_n of_o custom_n and_o education_n be_v as_o it_o be_v altogether_o deaf_a to_o the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o reason_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o be_v only_a intent_n upon_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v present_a take_v very_o little_a notice_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v future_a and_o that_o they_o be_v affect_v only_o with_o those_o thing_n which_o make_v a_o present_a impression_n upon_o their_o sense_n but_o since_o the_o divine_a vengeance_n be_v wont_a to_o proceed_v on_o but_o slow_o from_o whence_o many_o ill_a man_n have_v take_v occasion_n to_o refer_v their_o evil_n and_o misfortune_n to_o other_o cause_n especial_o since_o they_o very_o often_o see_v wicked_a man_n enjoy_v a_o plenty_n and_o abundance_n of_o those_o thing_n wherein_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n esteem_v their_o happiness_n and_o felicity_n to_o consist_v beside_o the_o check_n of_o conscience_n which_o precede_v any_o wicked_a action_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v of_o that_o force_n and_o efficacy_n as_o that_o punishment_n which_o follow_v the_o commission_n of_o the_o fact_n when_o that_o which_o be_v do_v can_v possible_o be_v undo_v and_o therefore_o the_o most_o present_a and_o effectual_a remedy_n for_o the_o quell_v and_o suppress_v the_o evil_a desire_n and_o inclination_n of_o man_n be_v to_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o constitute_n of_o civil_a society_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o internal_a frame_n and_o constitution_n of_o any_o state_n or_o government_n the_o next_o enquiry_n we_o be_v to_o make_v be_v necessary_a i._o conjunction_n necessary_a upon_o what_o bottom_n civil_a society_n have_v be_v erect_v and_o wherein_o their_o internal_a constitution_n do_v consist_v where_o in_o the_o first_o place_n this_o be_v manifest_a that_o neither_o any_o place_n nor_o any_o sort_n of_o weapon_n nor_o any_o kind_n of_o brute_n creature_n can_v be_v capable_a of_o afford_v any_o better_a and_o safe_a guard_n or_o defence_n against_o the_o injury_n to_o which_o all_o man_n be_v liable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o pravity_n of_o mankind_n than_o be_v one_o man_n to_o another_o but_o since_o their_o power_n can_v be_v extend_v to_o place_n far_o remote_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o those_o by_o who_o this_o end_n be_v to_o be_v obtain_v shall_v be_v firm_o join_v together_o and_o associate_v into_o community_n nor_o be_v it_o less_o evident_a that_o the_o consent_n necessary_a ii_o number_n necessary_a and_o agreement_n of_o two_o or_o three_o particular_a person_n can_v afford_v this_o security_n against_o the_o violence_n of_o other_o man_n because_o it_o may_v easy_o happen_v that_o such_o a_o number_n may_v conspire_v the_o ruin_n of_o those_o few_o person_n as_o may_v be_v able_a to_o assure_v themselves_o of_o a_o certain_a victory_n over_o they_o and_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a they_o will_v with_o the_o great_a boldness_n go_v about_o such_o a_o enterprise_n because_o of_o their_o certain_a hope_n of_o success_n and_o impunity_n to_o this_o end_n therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o man_n shall_v unite_v together_o that_o so_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o few_o man_n more_o to_o the_o enemy_n may_v not_o be_v of_o any_o great_a moment_n to_o determine_v the_o victory_n on_o their_o side_n among_o those_o many_o which_o join_v together_o perpetual_a iii_o agreement_n to_o be_v perpetual_a in_o order_n to_o this_o end_n it_o be_v absolute_o requisite_a that_o there_o be_v a_o perfect_a consent_n and_o agreement_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o such_o mean_n as_o be_v most_o conducive_a to_o the_o end_v aforesaid_a for_o even_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o man_n if_o they_o do_v not_o agree_v among_o themselves_o but_o be_v divide_v and_o separate_v in_o their_o opinion_n will_v be_v capable_a of_o effect_v but_o very_o little_a or_o although_o they_o may_v agree_v for_o a_o certain_a time_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o present_a motion_n or_o disposition_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o as_o the_o temper_n and_o inclination_n of_o man_n be_v very_o variable_a they_o present_o afterward_o may_v divide_v into_o party_n and_o although_o by_o compact_n they_o engage_v among_o themselves_o that_o they_o will_v employ_v all_o their_o force_n for_o the_o common_a defence_n and_o security_n yet_o neither_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v there_o sufficient_a provision_n make_v that_o this_o agreement_n of_o the_o multitude_n shall_v be_v permanent_a and_o last_a but_o something_o more_o than_o all_o this_o be_v requisite_a to_o wit_n that_o they_o who_o have_v once_o enter_v into_o a_o mutual_a league_n and_o defence_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o public_a good_a shall_v be_v debar_v from_o separate_v themselves_o afterward_o when_o their_o private_a advantage_n may_v seem_v any_o way_n to_o clash_v with_o the_o public_a good_n but_o there_o be_v two_o fault_n which_o be_v remedy_v iu_o fault_n herein_o how_o remedy_v chief_o incident_a to_o humane_a nature_n and_o which_o be_v the_o occasion_n that_o many_o who_o be_v at_o their_o own_o liberty_n and_o independent_a one_o upon_o the_o other_o can_v long_o hold_v together_o for_o the_o promote_a of_o any_o public_a design_n the_o one_o be_v the_o contrariety_n of_o inclination_n and_o judgement_n in_o determine_v what_o be_v most_o conducive_a to_o such_o a_o end_n to_o which_o in_o many_o there_o be_v join_v a_o dulness_n in_o discern_v that_o resolution_n among_o several_a which_o may_v be_v most_o advantageous_a and_o a_o certain_a obstinacy_n in_o
sojourner_n not_o that_o what_o we_o have_v deliver_v concern_v god_n fourteen_o government_n from_o god_n the_o original_a of_o civil_a society_n do_v any_o way_n hinder_v but_o that_o civil_a government_n may_v be_v true_o say_v to_o be_v from_o god_n for_o it_o be_v his_o will_n that_o the_o practice_n of_o man_n shall_v be_v order_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o yet_o upon_o the_o multiplication_n of_o mankind_n human_a life_n will_v have_v become_v so_o horrid_a and_o confuse_a that_o hardly_o any_o room_n will_v have_v be_v leave_v for_o the_o same_o to_o exert_v its_o authority_n and_o see_v the_o exercise_n thereof_o will_v be_v much_o improve_v by_o the_o institution_n of_o civil_a society_n therefore_o since_o he_o who_o command_v the_o end_n must_v be_v suppose_v to_o command_v likewise_o the_o mean_v necessary_a to_o the_o say_a end_n god_n also_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o dictate_v of_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v antecedent_o to_o have_v will_v that_o mankind_n when_o they_o be_v multiply_v shall_v erect_v and_o constitute_v civil_a society_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v animate_v with_o a_o supreme_a authority_n the_o degree_n whereof_o he_o express_o approve_v in_o divine_a writ_n ratify_v their_o divine_a institution_n by_o peculiar_a law_n and_o declare_v that_o himself_o take_v they_o into_o his_o especial_a care_n and_o protection_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o government_n what_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o i._o i._o supreme_a power_n and_o by_o what_o method_n it_o exert_v its_o force_n in_o civil_a society_n may_v easy_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o nature_n and_o end_n of_o the_o say_a society_n in_o a_o civil_a society_n all_o person_n be_v suppose_v know_v ii_o will_n of_o the_o supreme_a to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o have_v submit_v their_o will_n to_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o governor_n in_o such_o affair_n as_o concern_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o public_a be_v willing_a to_o do_v whatsoever_o they_o require_v that_o this_o may_v be_v effect_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o governor_n do_v signify_v to_o those_o who_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v what_o their_o will_n and_o pleasure_n be_v concern_v such_o matter_n and_o this_o they_o do_v not_o only_o by_o their_o command_n direct_v to_o particular_a person_n about_o particular_a affair_n but_o also_o by_o certain_a general_a rule_n whence_o all_o person_n may_v at_o all_o time_n have_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v or_o to_o omit_v by_o which_o likewise_o it_o be_v common_o define_v and_o determine_v what_o ought_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v each_o man_n be_v right_a and_o propriety_n and_o what_o do_v proper_o belong_v to_o another_o what_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v lawful_a and_o what_o unlawful_a in_o any_o public_a society_n what_o commendable_a or_o what_o base_n what_o every_o man_n may_v do_v by_o his_o own_o natural_a liberty_n or_o how_o every_o one_o may_v dispose_v and_o order_v his_o own_o particular_a right_n towards_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o common_a peace_n and_o tranquillity_n in_o fine_a what_o and_o after_o what_o manner_n every_o one_o by_o right_n may_v lay_v claim_n to_o from_o another_o for_o it_o conduce_v very_o much_o to_o the_o peace_n and_o prosperity_n of_o any_o civil_a society_n that_o all_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v clear_o and_o plain_o lay_v down_o and_o determine_v moreover_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a end_n penalty_n iii_o penalty_n of_o civil_a society_n that_o man_n by_o a_o mutual_a agreement_n and_o assistance_n of_o one_o another_o may_v be_v secure_v against_o the_o injury_n and_o affront_v which_o may_v and_o very_o often_o do_v befall_v we_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o other_o man_n now_o that_o this_o end_n may_v the_o better_o be_v obtain_v by_o those_o man_n with_o who_o we_o be_v link_v together_o in_o the_o same_o society_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o they_o shall_v mutual_o agree_v among_o themselves_o not_o to_o injure_v one_o another_o nor_o be_v it_o enough_o that_o the_o bare_a will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n shall_v be_v make_v know_v to_o they_o but_o it_o be_v likewise_o requisite_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o certain_a fear_n and_o dread_a of_o punishment_n and_o a_o power_n and_o ability_n of_o inflict_v the_o same_o which_o punishment_n or_o penalty_n that_o it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o this_o end_n be_v to_o be_v so_o order_v that_o there_o may_v plain_o appear_v a_o great_a damage_n in_o violate_v the_o law_n than_o in_o observe_v they_o and_o that_o so_o the_o sharpness_n and_o severity_n of_o the_o penalty_n may_v outweigh_v the_o pleasure_n and_o advantage_n get_v or_o expect_v by_o do_v the_o injury_n because_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o of_o two_o evil_n man_n shall_v choose_v the_o least_o for_o although_o there_o be_v many_o man_n who_o be_v not_o restrain_v from_o do_v injury_n by_o any_o prospect_n of_o punishment_n hang_v over_o their_o head_n yet_o that_o be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o case_n that_o rare_o happen_v and_o such_o as_o consider_v the_o present_a condition_n and_o frailty_n of_o mankind_n can_v be_v whole_o avoid_v because_o also_o it_o very_o often_o happen_v controversy_n iu_o controversy_n that_o many_o controversy_n do_v arise_v about_o the_o right_a application_n of_o the_o law_n to_o some_o particular_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o that_o many_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v nice_o and_o careful_o consider_v in_o order_n to_o determine_v whether_o such_o a_o fact_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v against_o law_n therefore_o in_o order_n to_o the_o establishment_n of_o peace_n and_o quietness_n among_o the_o subject_n it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o supreme_a governor_n to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o and_o determine_v the_o controversy_n arise_v between_o subject_a and_o subject_a and_o careful_o to_o examine_v the_o action_n of_o particular_a person_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o law_n and_o to_o pronounce_v and_o execute_v such_o sentence_n as_o shall_v be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o same_o law_n but_o that_o those_o who_o by_o mutual_a agreement_n war._n v._o power_n of_o peace_n and_o war._n have_v constitute_v a_o civil_a society_n may_v be_v safe_a against_o the_o insult_v of_o stranger_n the_o supreme_a magistrate_n have_v power_n to_o assemble_v to_o unite_v into_o a_o body_n and_o to_o arm_n or_o instead_o of_o that_o to_o listen_v as_o many_o mercenary_n as_o may_v seem_v necessary_a consider_v the_o uncertain_a number_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o the_o maintain_v the_o public_a security_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o entire_o leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o same_o magistrate_n to_o make_v peace_n whenever_o he_o shall_v think_v convenient_a and_o since_o both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n alliance_n and_o league_n with_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n be_v of_o very_o great_a use_n and_o importance_n that_o so_o the_o different_a advantage_n of_o divers_a state_n and_o government_n may_v the_o better_o be_v communicate_v to_o each_o other_o and_o the_o enemy_n by_o their_o joint_a force_n may_v be_v repulse_v with_o the_o great_a vigour_n or_o be_v more_o easy_o bring_v to_o term_n it_o be_v also_o absolute_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n to_o enter_v into_o such_o league_n and_o treaty_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v convenient_a to_o each_o occasion_n and_o to_o oblige_v all_o his_o subject_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o they_o and_o at_o once_o to_o derive_v and_o convey_v down_o to_o the_o whole_a civil_a society_n all_o the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n thence_o arise_v see_v also_o the_o affair_n of_o any_o considerable_a officer_n vi_o public_a officer_n state_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o peace_n can_v well_o be_v manage_v by_o one_o person_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o subordinate_a minister_n and_o magistrate_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o able_a man_n shall_v be_v appoint_v by_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n to_o decide_v and_o determine_v in_o his_o room_n the_o controversy_n arise_v between_o subject_a and_o subject_a to_o inquire_v into_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n and_o state_n to_o govern_v the_o soldiery_n to_o collect_v and_o distribute_v the_o public_a revenue_n and_o last_o in_o every_o place_n to_o take_v special_a care_n of_o the_o common_a good_n and_o from_o each_o of_o these_o person_n the_o supreme_a magistrate_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o exact_v the_o performance_n of_o their_o duty_n and_o require_v a_o account_n of_o their_o behaviour_n in_o their_o respective_a station_n and_o because_o the_o concern_v of_o any_o tax_n vii_o tax_n civil_a society_n can_v neither_o in_o time_n of_o war_n nor_o peace_n be_v manage_v without_o expense_n the_o supreme_a authority_n have_v power_n to_o
call_v man_n have_v give_v certain_a name_n as_o a_o corrupt_a monarchy_n be_v call_v tyranny_n a_o corrupt_a aristocracy_n be_v style_v a_o oligarchy_n or_o a_o rump-government_n and_o a_o corrupt_a popular_a state_n be_v call_v a_o anarchy_n or_o a_o rabble-government_n although_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o many_o by_o these_o nickname_n do_v not_o so_o much_o express_v the_o distemper_n of_o such_o a_o government_n as_o their_o own_o natural_a aversion_n for_o the_o present_a governor_n and_o constitution_n for_o oftentime_o he_o who_o be_v dissatisfy_v with_o his_o king_n or_o a_o monarchical_a government_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v even_o a_o good_a and_o lawful_a prince_n a_o tyrant_n and_o usurper_n especial_o if_o he_o be_v strict_a in_o put_v the_o law_n in_o execution_n so_o he_o who_o be_v vex_v because_o he_o be_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o senate_n not_o think_v himself_o inferior_a to_o any_o of_o the_o other_o counsellor_n out_o of_o contempt_n and_o envy_n he_o call_v they_o a_o pack_n of_o assume_v fellow_n who_o though_o in_o no_o respect_n they_o excel_v any_o of_o the_o rest_n yet_o domineer_v and_o lord_n it_o over_o their_o equal_n nay_o over_o better_a man_n than_o themselves_o last_o those_o man_n who_o be_v of_o a_o haughty_a temper_n and_o who_o hate_v a_o popular_a equality_n see_v that_o all_o people_n in_o a_o democracy_n have_v a_o equal_a right_a to_o give_v their_o suffrage_n in_o public_a affair_n though_o in_o every_o place_n the_o common_a people_n make_v the_o great_a number_n they_o condemn_v that_o as_o a_o ochlocracy_n or_o government_n by_o the_o rabble_n where_o there_o be_v no_o preference_n give_v to_o person_n of_o merit_n as_o they_o forsooth_o esteem_v themselves_o to_o be_v a_o irregular_a constitution_n be_v where_o that_o state_n xii_o a_o irregular_a state_n perfect_a union_n be_v want_v in_o which_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o a_o government_n consist_v and_o that_o not_o through_o any_o fault_n or_o maladministration_n of_o the_o government_n but_o because_o this_o form_n have_v be_v receive_v as_o good_a and_o legitimate_a by_o public_a law_n or_o custom_n but_o since_o there_o may_v be_v infinite_a variety_n of_o error_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o lay_v down_o distinct_a and_o certain_a species_n of_o irregular_a government_n but_o the_o nature_n thereof_o may_v be_v easy_o understand_v by_o one_o or_o two_o example_n for_o instance_n if_o in_o a_o state_n the_o noble_n and_o the_o people_n be_v each_o vest_v with_o a_o supreme_a and_o unaccountable_a power_n or_o if_o in_o any_o nation_n the_o noble_n be_v grow_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v no_o otherwise_o under_o the_o king_n than_o as_o unequal_a confederate_n we_o call_v those_o union_n when_o several_a constitute_v community_n xiii_o union_n of_o several_a community_n society_n by_o some_o special_a tie_n be_v so_o conjoin_v that_o their_o force_n and_o strength_n may_v be_v look_v upon_o in_o effect_n as_o the_o unite_a force_n and_o strength_n of_o one_o civil_a society_n now_o these_o union_n may_v arise_v two_o several_a way_n the_o one_o by_o a_o common_a sovereign_n the_o other_o by_o league_n or_o confederacy_n such_o a_o union_n happen_v by_o mean_n of_o sovereign_n fourteen_o union_n by_o a_o common_a sovereign_n a_o common_a sovereign_n when_o divers_a separate_a kingdom_n either_o by_o agreement_n or_o by_o marriage_n or_o hereditary_a succession_n or_o victory_n come_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o king_n yet_o so_o that_o they_o do_v not_o close_o into_o one_o realm_n but_o each_o be_v still_o govern_v by_o the_o same_o common_a sovereign_n according_a to_o their_o own_o fundamental_a law_n another_z sort_n of_o union_n may_v happen_v confederacy_n xv._o union_n by_o confederacy_n when_o several_a neighbour_a state_n or_o government_n be_v so_o connect_v by_o a_o perpetual_a league_n and_o confederacy_n that_o they_o can_v exercise_v some_o part_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n which_o chief_o concern_v their_o defence_n and_o security_n against_o stranger_n but_o by_o a_o general_a consent_n of_o they_o all_o each_o society_n nevertheless_o as_o to_o other_o matter_n reserve_v to_o its_o self_n it_o be_v own_o peculiar_a liberty_n and_o independency_n chap._n ix_o the_o qualification_n of_o civil_a government_n it_o be_v always_o one_o prerogative_n of_o the_o government_n authority_n i._o supreme_a authority_n by_o which_o any_o community_n be_v direct_v in_o every_o form_n of_o commonwealth_n whatsoever_o to_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o supreme_a authority_n whereby_o it_o have_v the_o regulate_v of_o all_o thing_n according_a to_o its_o own_o judgement_n and_o discretion_n and_o act_n without_o dependence_n upon_o any_o superior_a that_o can_v pretend_v to_o annul_v or_o countermand_v its_o order_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n a_o government_n vnaccountable_a ii_o vnaccountable_a so_o constitute_v remain_v unaccountable_a to_o all_o the_o world_n there_o be_v no_o authority_n above_o it_o to_o punish_v it_o or_o to_o examine_v whether_o its_o proceed_n be_v right_a or_o no._n and_o a_o three_o qualification_n of_o like_a nature_n law_n iii_o above_o the_o law_n with_o the_o former_a be_v that_o inasmuch_o as_o all_o civil_a law_n of_o humane_a authority_n derive_v both_o their_o beginning_n and_o their_o continuance_n from_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o government_n it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v direct_o oblige_v the_o very_a power_n that_o make_v they_o because_o the_o same_o power_n will_v in_o consequence_n be_v superior_a to_o itself_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o happy_a prospect_n and_o a_o singular_a advantage_n to_o the_o law_n when_o a_o prince_n conform_v himself_o of_o his_o own_o pleasure_n as_o occasion_n serve_v to_o practice_v the_o same_o thing_n that_o he_o command_v his_o subject_n there_o be_v also_o a_o peculiar_a veneration_n to_o it_o iv_o obedience_n due_a to_o it_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o supreme_a government_n under_o which_o we_o live_v not_o only_o in_o obey_v it_o in_o its_o just_a command_n wherein_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n to_o disobey_v but_o in_o endure_v its_o severity_n with_o the_o like_a patience_n as_o the_o rigour_n of_o some_o parent_n be_v submit_v to_o by_o dutiful_a child_n wherefore_o when_o a_o prince_n proceed_v to_o offer_v the_o most_o heinous_a injury_n imaginable_a to_o his_o people_n let_v they_o rather_o undergo_v it_o or_o every_o one_o seek_v his_o safety_n by_o flight_n than_o draw_v their_o sword_n upon_o the_o father_n of_o their_o country_n we_o find_v in_o monarchy_n and_o aristocracy_n monarchy_n v._o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n especial_o that_o the_o government_n be_v sometime_o absolute_a and_o sometime_o limit_v a_o absolute_a monarch_n be_v one_o who_o have_v no_o prescribe_v form_n of_o law_n and_o statute_n perpetual_o to_o go_v by_o in_o the_o method_n of_o his_o administration_n proceed_v entire_o according_a to_o his_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n as_o the_o condition_n of_o affair_n and_o the_o public_a good_a in_o his_o judgement_n seem_v to_o require_v but_o because_o a_o single_a person_n may_v be_v monarchy_n vi_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n subject_a to_o be_v mistake_v in_o his_o judgement_n as_o well_o as_o to_o be_v seduce_v to_o evil_a course_n in_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o liberty_n it_o be_v think_v convenient_a by_o some_o state_n to_o circumscribe_v the_o exercise_n of_o this_o power_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o certain_a law_n which_o be_v propose_v to_o the_o prince_n at_o his_o succession_n to_o be_v the_o future_a rule_n of_o his_o government_n and_o particular_o when_o any_o extraordinary_a concern_v arise_v involve_v in_o it_o the_o â—â—â—erest_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o provision_n extant_a in_o the_o constitution_n forego_v they_o then_o oblige_v he_o to_o engage_v in_o nothing_o without_o the_o previous_a advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n the_o better_a to_o prevent_v the_o danger_n of_o his_o swerve_v from_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n we_o see_v likewise_o a_o difference_n in_o the_o right_n hold_v vii_o right_o and_o manner_n of_o hold_v and_o manner_n of_o hold_v some_o kingdom_n from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o other_o for_o those_o prince_n especial_o as_o have_v acquire_v dominion_n by_o conquest_n and_o make_v a_o people_n their_o own_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n can_v divide_v alienate_v and_o transfer_v their_o regality_n at_o pleasure_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o patrimonial_a estate_n other_o that_o be_v advance_v by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o people_n though_o they_o live_v in_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o government_n during_o their_o reign_n yet_o have_v no_o pretension_n to_o such_o a_o power_n but_o as_o they_o attain_v to_o the_o succession_n so_o they_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v determine_v either_o by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n or_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o which_o reason_n
nation_n of_o any_o considerable_a extent_n but_o he_o must_v have_v minister_n to_o participate_v with_o he_o in_o his_o care_n and_o counsel_n yet_o as_o these_o minister_n borrow_v their_o authority_n in_o every_o thing_n they_o do_v from_o he_o so_o the_o praise_n or_o dispraise_v of_o their_o action_n return_v final_o upon_o he_o also_o for_o which_o reason_n and_o because_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o minister_n business_n be_v do_v either_o well_o or_o ill_o there_o lie_v a_o obligation_n upon_o a_o prince_n to_o advance_v honest_a and_o fit_a person_n to_o office_n of_o trust_n in_o the_o government_n and_o upon_o occasion_n to_o examine_v into_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o same_o and_o as_o he_o find_v they_o deserve_v to_o reward_v or_o punish_v they_o according_o for_o a_o example_n to_o other_o to_o understand_v that_o there_o be_v no_o less_o fidelity_n and_o diligence_n to_o be_v use_v in_o manage_v the_o public_a business_n than_o one_o will_v practice_v in_o any_o private_a affair_n that_o relate_v to_o himself_o so_o when_o wicked_a people_n be_v encourage_v to_o put_v their_o inclination_n in_o practice_n upon_o the_o hope_n of_o escape_v very_o easy_o unpunished_a under_o judge_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o corruption_n it_o '_o be_v a_o prince_n duty_n to_o animadvert_v severe_o upon_o such_o judge_n as_o favourer_n of_o vice_n against_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o quiet_a of_o the_o nation_n and_o though_o the_o dispatch_a of_o the_o ordinary_a affair_n may_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o minister_n care_v yet_o a_o prince_n be_v never_o to_o refuse_v to_o lend_v his_o ear_n with_o patience_n when_o his_o subject_n present_v he_o with_o their_o complaint_n and_o address_n for_o tax_n and_o the_o like_a duty_n to_o duty_n x._o of_o tax_n and_o duty_n which_o subject_n be_v upon_o no_o other_o account_n oblige_v than_o as_o they_o be_v necessary_a to_o support_v the_o public_a charge_n in_o peace_n and_o war_n it_o deserve_v to_o be_v the_o care_n of_o prince_n not_o to_o extort_v more_o than_o either_o the_o necessity_n or_o signal_n advantage_n of_o the_o nation_n require_v and_o so_o to_o alleviate_v and_o soften_v they_o in_o the_o way_n and_o mean_n of_o lay_v they_o upon_o the_o subject_a that_o every_o one_o may_v find_v their_o weight_n as_o little_a offensive_a as_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v be_v charge_v upon_o particular_n in_o a_o fair_a and_o equitable_a proportion_n without_o favour_v of_o one_o to_o deceive_v or_o oppress_v another_o and_o let_v not_o the_o money_n that_o be_v so_o raise_v be_v consume_v by_o prince_n in_o luxury_n and_o vanity_n or_o throw_v away_o in_o gift_n and_o needless_a ostentation_n but_o lay_v out_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o nation_n always_o foresee_v that_o their_o expense_n be_v make_v to_o answer_v to_o their_o revenue_n and_o in_o case_n of_o any_o failure_n in_o the_o latter_a to_o do_v it_o that_o they_o attempt_v a_o remedy_n by_o mean_n of_o frugality_n and_o in_o retrench_v unnecessary_a expense_n it_o be_v true_a prince_n have_v no_o obligation_n prince_n xi_o interest_n of_o the_o subject_a to_o be_v advance_v by_o prince_n upon_o they_o to_o find_v maintenance_n for_o their_o subject_n otherwise_o than_o charity_n direct_v they_o to_o a_o particular_a care_n of_o those_o for_o who_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o subsist_v of_o themselves_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o calamity_n undeserved_a yet_o because_o the_o money_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a must_v be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o subject_n estate_n in_o who_o wealth_n and_o happiness_n the_o strength_n of_o a_o nation_n do_v consist_v it_o therefore_o concern_v prince_n to_o use_v their_o best_a endeavour_n that_o the_o fortune_n of_o their_o subject_n improve_v and_o flourish_v as_o particular_o by_o give_v order_n how_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n may_v be_v receive_v in_o the_o most_o plentiful_a measure_n and_o that_o man_n employ_v their_o industry_n on_o thing_n of_o domestic_a growth_n not_o purchase_v at_o their_o expense_n that_o labour_n from_o other_o which_o themselves_o be_v able_a convenient_o to_o undergo_v that_o all_o mechanic_n art_n and_o merchandise_n and_o in_o maritime_a place_n navigation_n be_v encourage_v as_o of_o great_a consequence_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o idleness_n be_v banish_v from_o among_o they_o and_o frugality_n be_v restore_v by_o sumptuary_n law_n contrive_v on_o purpose_n to_o avoid_v superfluous_a expense_n especial_o those_o which_o occasion_n the_o transport_v of_o riches_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n whereof_o if_o the_o prince_n be_v please_v to_o set_v a_o example_n in_o his_o own_o person_n it_o be_v likely_a to_o prove_v of_o great_a force_n than_o all_o the_o law_n beside_o find_v also_o that_o the_o internal_a party_n xii_o faction_n and_o party_n health_n and_o strength_n of_o a_o nation_n proceed_v in_o a_o particular_a manner_n from_o the_o unity_n that_o be_v between_o the_o people_n and_o according_a as_o this_o happen_v to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o perfect_a the_o power_n of_o the_o government_n diffuse_v itself_o through_o the_o whole_a body_n with_o so_o much_o the_o great_a efficacy_n it_o be_v yet_o a_o further_a care_n incumbent_a upon_o prince_n to_o hinder_v both_o the_o growth_n of_o public_a faction_n as_o well_o as_o of_o private_a association_n of_o particular_a person_n by_o agreement_n among_o themselves_o as_o also_o to_o see_v that_o neither_o all_o nor_o any_o of_o the_o subject_n under_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o religious_a or_o civil_a do_v retain_v a_o dependence_n upon_o a_o stranger_n within_o or_o without_o the_o kingdom_n more_o than_o upon_o their_o lawful_a prince_n in_o who_o alone_o before_o all_o other_o all_o their_o expectation_n ought_v to_o be_v repose_v last_o since_o the_o peace_n of_o nation_n nation_n xiii_o of_o war_n and_o peace_n with_o foreign_a nation_n in_o reference_n to_o one_o another_o depend_v upon_o no_o very_a great_a certainty_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o endeavour_n of_o prince_n to_o encourage_v valour_n and_o military_a study_n in_o their_o subject_n have_v all_o thing_n as_o fortification_n arm_n man_n and_o money_n which_o be_v the_o sinew_n of_o business_n ready_a prepare_v in_o case_n of_o a_o assult_v to_o repel_v it_o though_o not_o voluntary_o to_o begin_v one_o upon_o another_o nation_n even_o after_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o war_n give_v unless_o invite_v by_o a_o very_a safe_a opportunity_n and_o the_o public_n be_v in_o a_o good_a condition_n convenient_o to_o go_v through_o with_o the_o undertake_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v proper_a to_o observe_v and_o search_v into_o the_o counsel_n and_o proceed_n of_o neighbour_n with_o all_o exactness_n and_o to_o enter_v with_o they_o into_o league_n and_o alliance_n as_o prudent_o as_o so_o great_a a_o concern_v require_v chap._n xii_o of_o the_o special_a law_n of_o a_o community_n relate_v to_o the_o civil_a government_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o we_o take_v a_o view_n be_v i._o what_o they_o be_v of_o the_o particular_a part_n of_o supreme_a government_n together_o with_o such_o circumstance_n thereunto_o belong_v as_o we_o find_v be_v worthy_a to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o first_o place_n there_o be_v the_o civil_a law_n mean_v the_o act_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o high_a civil_a authority_n for_o the_o time_n be_v ordain_v to_o direct_v the_o subject_a in_o the_o course_n of_o his_o life_n as_o to_o what_o thing_n he_o ought_v to_o do_v and_o what_o to_o omit_v they_o be_v call_v civil_a upon_o two_o account_n call_v ii_o why_o so_o call_v especial_o that_o be_v either_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o authority_n or_o their_o original_a in_o the_o first_o sense_n all_o manner_n of_o law_n whatsoever_o of_o force_n whereby_o to_o try_v and_o decide_v cause_n in_o a_o court_n of_o civil_a judicature_n let_v their_o original_a be_v what_o it_o will_v may_v pass_v under_o that_o denomination_n in_o the_o other_o we_o call_v only_o those_o law_n civil_a which_o derive_v their_o original_a from_o the_o will_n of_o the_o supreme_a civil_a government_n treat_v upon_o the_o subject_a of_o such_o thing_n as_o neither_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n have_v determine_v yet_o be_v find_v to_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o profit_n of_o particular_a commonwealth_n as_o nothing_o therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v make_v they_o iii_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v reinforce_v by_o they_o the_o subject_a of_o a_o civil_a law_n but_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o do_v ordain_v it_o so_o it_o seem_v in_o the_o high_a degree_n expedient_a towards_o the_o beauty_n and_o ease_n of_o live_v in_o a_o community_n that_o in_o particular_a the_o law_n of_o nature_n shall_v be_v diligent_o observe_v by_o all_o people_n it_o lie_v upon_o supreme_a governor_n
to_o authenticate_v the_o say_a law_n with_o the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o a_o civil_a law_n for_o since_o indeed_o the_o wickedness_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n be_v arrive_v to_o a_o degree_n which_o neither_o the_o apparent_a excellency_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n nor_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n himself_o be_v sufficient_a to_o restrain_v the_o most_o effectual_a method_n remain_v to_o preserve_v the_o happiness_n of_o live_v in_o a_o community_n be_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o government_n to_o enforce_v the_o natural_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o supply_v the_o disability_n of_o the_o one_o with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o other_o now_o the_o force_n and_o power_n which_o be_v in_o sanction_n iv_o the_o penal_a sanction_n civil_a law_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o to_o the_o assertory_n part_n of_o the_o statute_n concern_v thing_n to_o be_v do_v or_o omit_v there_o be_v annex_v a_o penal_a sanction_n rehearse_v the_o punishment_n that_o be_v appoint_v to_o attend_v a_o man_n in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n for_o omit_v what_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v or_o do_v what_o he_o ought_v to_o omit_v of_o which_o kind_n of_o sanction_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v of_o themselves_o destitute_a the_o break_n of_o they_o do_v not_o fall_v under_o the_o punishment_n of_o any_o court_n in_o this_o world_n but_o yet_o be_v reserve_v for_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o god_n more_o particular_o it_o be_v inconsistent_a action_n v._o of_o action_n with_o the_o nature_n of_o live_v in_o a_o community_n for_o every_o one_o what_o he_o account_v to_o be_v his_o due_a to_o exact_v it_o of_o his_o own_o proper_a violence_n so_o that_o here_o the_o civil_a law_n come_v in_o to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o natural_a for_o they_o allow_v the_o creditor_n the_o benefit_n of_o a_o action_n whereby_o the_o debt_n that_o be_v owe_v to_o he_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o law_n of_o nature_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o magistrate_n may_v be_v demand_v and_o recover_v in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereas_o without_o such_o enforcement_n of_o the_o say_a law_n you_o can_v extort_v nothing_o from_o a_o debtor_n against_o his_o will_n but_o must_v entire_o depend_v upon_o his_o conscience_n and_o honour_n the_o civil_a law_n admit_v of_o action_n chief_o in_o the_o case_n of_o those_o obligation_n that_o be_v contract_v betwixt_o party_n by_o a_o express_a bond_n or_o covenant_n for_o as_o to_o other_o affair_n where_o the_o obligation_n arise_v from_o some_o indefinite_a duty_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o civil_a law_n make_v they_o not_o subject_a to_o a_o action_n at_o all_o on_o purpose_n to_o give_v occasion_n to_o good_a man_n to_o exercise_v their_o virtue_n to_o their_o more_o extraordinary_a praise_n when_o it_o be_v evident_a they_o do_v that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a without_o compulsion_n beside_o that_o freqent_o the_o point_n in_o question_n may_v not_o be_v of_o consequence_n enough_o to_o trouble_v a_o court_n about_o it_o and_o whereas_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n command_v they_o vi_o the_o prosecution_n of_o they_o many_o thing_n at_o large_a in_o a_o indefinite_a manner_n and_o leave_v the_o application_n of_o they_o to_o every_o one_o in_o his_o own_o breast_n the_o civil_a law_n be_v careful_a of_o the_o honour_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o community_n prescribe_v a_o certain_a time_n manner_n place_n person_n and_o other_o circumstance_n for_o the_o due_a prosecution_n of_o those_o action_n with_o the_o proposal_n of_o a_o reward_n upon_o occasion_n to_o encourage_v people_n to_o enter_v upon_o they_o and_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v obscure_a in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o civil_a law_n explain_v it_o which_o explication_n the_o subject_n be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v and_o follow_v although_o their_o own_o private_a opinion_n do_v otherwise_o lead_v they_o to_o a_o contrary_a sense_n so_o that_o there_o be_v thus_o a_o number_n of_o form_n vii_o form_n action_n leave_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v consider_v according_a to_o the_o will_n and_o judgement_n of_o each_o person_n which_o nevertheless_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n ought_v to_o be_v regular_o state_v for_o the_o great_a decency_n and_o quiet_a of_o the_o same_o it_o use_v to_o be_v the_o care_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o reduce_v all_o those_o action_n with_o their_o respective_a concern_v to_o a_o proper_a form_n as_o we_o see_v it_o be_v in_o will_n contract_n and_o divers_a other_o case_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v that_o they_o limit_v we_o as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o several_a right_n to_o the_o use_n whereof_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n leave_v we_o much_o at_o liberty_n for_o so_o far_o as_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o law_n viii_o the_o obedience_n due_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n open_o contradict_v the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o subject_n stand_v oblige_v to_o obey_v they_o not_o mere_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o punishment_n but_o by_o a_o internal_a obligation_n confirm_v by_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n itself_o this_o be_v one_o of_o they_o among_o other_o that_o subject_n ought_v to_o obey_v their_o lawful_a sovereign_n nay_o it_o be_v their_o duty_n to_o obey_v even_o sovereign_n ix_o and_o to_o the_o particular_a command_n of_o the_o sovereign_n the_o personal_a command_n of_o their_o sovereign_n no_o less_o than_o they_o do_v the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n only_o here_o they_o must_v observe_v whether_o the_o thing_n command_v be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o as_o in_o their_o own_o name_n in_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o action_n belong_v proper_o to_o subject_n to_o do_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v bare_o to_o undertake_v the_o execution_n of_o a_o affair_n for_o the_o sovereign_n in_o consequence_n of_o that_o authority_n which_o he_o have_v to_o command_v it_o in_o the_o latter_a case_n the_o necessity_n that_o be_v impose_v upon_o the_o subject_a excuse_n he_o from_o sin_n though_o the_o fact_n itself_o be_v a_o sin_n in_o the_o sovereign_a to_o command_v but_o in_o the_o other_o for_o a_o subject_a as_o in_o his_o own_o name_n to_o do_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n it_o can_v never_o be_v lawful_a and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o if_o a_o subject_a take_v up_o arm_n in_o a_o unjust_a war_n at_o the_o command_n of_o his_o sovereign_n he_o sin_v not_o yet_o if_o he_o condemn_v the_o innocent_a or_o accuse_v and_o witness_n against_o they_o false_o upon_o the_o like_a command_n he_o sin_n for_o as_o he_o serve_v in_o war_n he_o serve_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o public_a but_o act_v as_o a_o judge_n witness_v or_o accuser_n he_o do_v it_o in_o his_o own_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n the_o civil_a government_n that_o be_v supreme_a twofold_n i._o twofold_n in_o every_o state_n have_v a_o right_a over_o the_o live_v of_o its_o subject_n either_o indirect_o when_o it_o expose_v their_o life_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o public_a or_o direct_o in_o the_o punishment_n of_o crime_n for_o when_o the_o force_n of_o foreiner_n in_o a_o indirect_o ii_o indirect_o invasion_n which_o often_o happen_v be_v to_o be_v repel_v by_o force_n or_o that_o we_o can_v without_o the_o use_n of_o violence_n obtain_v our_o right_n of_o they_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o government_n by_o its_o supreme_a authority_n to_o compel_v the_o subject_n to_o enter_v into_o its_o service_n not_o thereby_o purposely_o intend_v their_o death_n only_o their_o life_n be_v expose_v unto_o some_o danger_n of_o it_o on_o which_o occasion_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o behave_v themselves_o with_o skill_n and_o bravery_n it_o be_v fit_a they_o shall_v be_v exercise_v and_o prepare_v for_o the_o purpose_n now_o the_o fear_n of_o danger_n ought_v not_o to_o prevail_v with_o any_o subject_a to_o render_v himself_o uncapable_a of_o undergo_a the_o duty_n of_o a_o soldier_n much_o less_o ought_v it_o to_o tempt_v a_o man_n that_o be_v actual_o in_o arm_n to_o desert_n the_o station_n appoint_v he_o who_o ought_v to_o fight_v it_o out_o to_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o his_o blood_n unless_o he_o know_v it_o to_o be_v the_o will_n of_o his_o commander_n that_o he_o shall_v rather_o preserve_v his_o life_n than_o his_o post_n or_o if_o he_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o maintain_n of_o such_o post_n be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a importance_n as_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o live_v engage_v therein_o the_o government_n claim_v a_o power_n direct_o iii_o direct_o to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o subject_n direct_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o any_o heinous_a crime_n commit_v by_o they_o whereon_o it_o pass_v judgement_n
of_o death_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n as_o likewise_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n of_o criminal_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o law_n so_o that_o here_o some_o general_n thing_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o punishment_n come_v to_o be_v discourse_v punishment_n be_v a_o evil_n that_o be_v suffer_v punishment_n iv_o of_o punishment_n in_o retaliation_n for_o another_o that_o be_v do_v or_o a_o certain_a grievous_a pain_n or_o pressure_n impose_v upon_o a_o person_n by_o authority_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o force_n with_o regard_n to_o a_o offence_n that_o have_v be_v commit_v by_o he_o for_o although_o the_o do_v of_o some_o thing_n may_v oftentimes_o be_v command_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o punishment_n yet_o it_o be_v upon_o this_o consideration_n that_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v be_v troublesome_a and_o laborious_a to_o the_o doer_n who_o will_v therefore_o find_v his_o suffering_n in_o the_o performance_n of_o such_o action_n a_o punishment_n also_o signify_v its_o be_v inflict_v against_o the_o will_n of_o people_n for_o it_o will_v not_o otherwise_o obtain_v its_o end_n which_o be_v to_o deter_v they_o from_o crime_n by_o the_o sense_n of_o its_o severity_n a_o effect_n it_o never_o will_v produce_v if_o it_o be_v only_o such_o as_o a_o offender_n be_v willing_a and_o please_v to_o undergo_v as_o for_o other_o suffering_n which_o happen_v to_o be_v undergo_v in_o war_n and_o engagement_n or_o which_o one_o bear_v innocent_o through_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o injury_n do_v he_o the_o former_a not_o be_v inflict_v by_o authority_n and_o the_o other_o not_o refer_v to_o a_o antecedent_n crime_n they_o do_v neither_o of_o they_o import_v the_o proper_a sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o a_o punishment_n by_o our_o natural_a liberty_n we_o enjoy_v the_o government_n v._o inflict_v by_o the_o government_n privilege_n to_o have_v no_o other_o superior_a but_o god_n over_o we_o and_o only_o to_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o punishment_n divine_a but_o since_o the_o introduction_n of_o government_n it_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o office_n of_o those_o in_o who_o hand_n the_o government_n be_v entrust_v for_o the_o good_a of_o all_o community_n that_o upon_o the_o representation_n of_o the_o unlawful_a practice_n of_o subject_n before_o they_o they_o shall_v have_v power_n effectual_o to_o coerce_v the_o same_o that_o people_n may_v live_v together_o in_o safety_n neither_o do_v there_o seem_v to_o be_v any_o they_o vi_o the_o benefit_n of_o they_o thing_n of_o inequality_n in_o this_o that_o he_o who_o evil_n do_v shall_v evil_a suffer_v yet_o in_o the_o course_n of_o humane_a punishment_n we_o be_v not_o sole_o to_o regard_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o crime_n but_o likewise_o to_o have_v a_o eye_n upon_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o punishment_n by_o no_o mean_n execute_v it_o on_o purpose_n to_o feed_v the_o fancy_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v or_o to_o give_v he_o pleasure_n in_o the_o pain_n and_o suffering_n of_o his_o adversary_n because_o such_o kind_n of_o pleasure_n be_v absolute_o inhuman_a as_o well_o as_o contrary_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o a_o good_a fellow-subject_a the_o genuine_a end_n of_o punishment_n in_o a_o they_o vii_o the_o end_n of_o they_o state_n be_v the_o prevention_n of_o wrong_n and_o injury_n which_o then_o have_v its_o effect_n when_o he_o who_o do_v the_o injury_n be_v amend_v or_o for_o the_o future_a incapacitate_v to_o do_v more_o or_o other_o take_v example_n from_o his_o suffering_n be_v deter_v from_o like_a practice_n or_o to_o express_v it_o a_o other_o way_n that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o business_n of_o punishment_n be_v the_o good_a either_o of_o the_o offender_n or_o the_o party_n offend_v or_o general_o of_o all._n first_o we_o consider_v the_o good_a of_o the_o offender_n offender_n viii_o upon_o the_o offender_n in_o who_o mind_n the_o smart_n of_o the_o punishment_n serve_v to_o work_v a_o alteration_n towards_o amendment_n and_o extinguish_v the_o lust_n of_o do_v the_o same_o again_o divers_a community_n leave_v such_o kind_n of_o punishment_n as_o be_v qualify_v with_o this_o end_n to_o be_v exercise_v by_o master_n over_o the_o member_n of_o their_o own_o family_n but_o it_o never_o be_v think_v good_a they_o shall_v proceed_v so_o far_o as_o to_o death_n because_o he_o that_o be_v dead_a be_v past_a amendment_n in_o the_o next_o place_n a_o punishment_n intend_v offend_v ix_o upon_o the_o party_n offend_v the_o good_a of_o the_o party_n offend_v secure_v he_o that_o he_o suffer_v not_o the_o like_a mischief_n for_o the_o future_a either_o from_o the_o same_o or_o other_o person_n it_o secure_v he_o from_o the_o same_o if_o the_o man_n life_n or_o pardon_v that_o his_o power_n to_o do_v hurt_v be_v take_v from_o he_o or_o perhaps_o sad_a experience_n unteach_v he_o the_o be_v he_o have_v learn_v to_o offend_v it_o secure_v he_o from_o other_o by_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o most_o open_a and_o public_a manner_n accompany_v with_o the_o circumstance_n of_o form_n and_o pomp_n that_o be_v apt_a to_o strike_v a_o dread_n into_o as_o many_o as_o behold_v it_o in_o a_o word_n the_o good_a of_o all_o people_n be_v all._n x._o upon_o all._n intend_v by_o the_o execution_n of_o punishment_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v care_n be_v take_v that_o he_o who_o have_v do_v a_o mischief_n to_o one_o shall_v do_v no_o such_o mischief_n again_o to_o another_o the_o terror_n of_o who_o example_n may_v also_o be_v a_o antidote_n for_o the_o rest_n against_o the_o temptation_n to_o his_o crime_n and_o this_o good_a accrue_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o former_a but_o if_o together_o with_o the_o end_n of_o punishment_n they_o xi_o internal_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n not_o subject_a to_o they_o we_o consider_v the_o condition_n of_o humane_a nature_n we_o shall_v see_v that_o all_o sin_n be_v not_o of_o that_o quality_n that_o they_o must_v necessary_o fall_v under_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n the_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n within_o itself_o which_o be_v mere_o internal_a as_o think_v upon_o a_o sin_n with_o delight_n covet_v desire_v resolve_v to_o do_v a_o ill_a thing_n but_o without_o effect_n though_o they_o shall_v be_v afterward_o make_v know_v by_o man_n own_o confession_n yet_o be_v all_o exempt_v from_o the_o stroke_n of_o humane_a punishment_n for_o so_o long_o as_o those_o internal_a motion_n have_v not_o occasion_v the_o prejudice_n of_o any_o who_o do_v it_o concern_v or_o profit_n to_o cause_v the_o author_n to_o suffer_v for_o the_o same_o it_o will_v also_o be_v over-severe_a in_o law_n to_o lapse_n xii_o nor_o minute_n lapse_n punish_v the_o most_o minute_n lapse_n in_o the_o action_n of_o man_n when_o in_o the_o condition_n of_o our_o nature_n the_o great_a attention_n can_v prevent_v they_o there_o be_v many_o instance_n of_o action_n action_n xiii_o and_o other_o action_n more_o of_o which_o the_o public_a law_n dissemble_v the_o take_n of_o any_o notice_n for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o sometime_o because_o a_o good_a act_n shine_v with_o great_a glory_n by_o be_v wrought_v without_o sight_n of_o a_o constraint_n or_o perhaps_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o worth_a the_o trouble_v of_o judge_n and_o court_n about_o it_o or_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n extraordinary_o difficult_a to_o be_v decide_v or_o some_o old_a inveterate_a evil_n which_o can_v be_v remove_v without_o cause_v a_o convulsion_n in_o the_o state_n add_v hereunto_o the_o vice_n of_o the_o mind_n mind_n fourteen_o nor_o the_o vice_n of_o the_o mind_n flow_v from_o the_o common_a corruption_n that_o reign_v in_o the_o world_n as_o ambition_n avarice_n rudeness_n ingratitude_n hypocrisy_n envy_n pride_n anger_n private_a grudge_n and_o the_o like_a all_o these_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v exempt_v from_o the_o cognisance_n of_o humane_a judicature_n so_o long_o as_o they_o break_v not_o out_o into_o public_a enormity_n see_v they_o abound_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o if_o you_o shall_v severe_o pursue_v they_o with_o punishment_n there_o will_v be_v no_o people_n leave_v to_o be_v command_v further_o when_o there_o have_v be_v pardon_n xv._o of_o pardon_n crime_n commit_v which_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o civil_a judicature_n it_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a to_o exert_v the_o execution_n of_o justice_n upon_o they_o for_o in_o some_o case_n a_o pardon_n may_v possible_o be_v extend_v to_o criminal_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n as_o it_o never_o ought_v to_o be_v grant_v without_o it_o and_o among_o other_o reason_n these_o especial_o may_v be_v some_o that_o the_o end_n which_o be_v intend_v by_o punishment_n seem_v not_o so_o necessary_a to_o be_v attend_v in_o the_o case_n in_o question_n where_o a_o pardon_n may_v produce_v more_o good_a than_o
the_o punishment_n and_o the_o say_a end_n be_v more_o convenient_o obtain_v another_o way_n that_o the_o prisoner_n can_v allege_v those_o excellent_a merit_n of_o his_o own_o or_o of_o his_o family_n towards_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o deserve_v a_o singular_a reward_n that_o he_o be_v famous_a for_o some_o remarkable_a rare_a art_n or_o other_o or_o it_o be_v hope_v will_v wash_v away_o the_o stain_n of_o his_o crime_n by_o perform_v of_o some_o noble_a exploit_n that_o ignorance_n do_v intervene_v in_o the_o case_n though_o not_o altogether_o such_o as_o render_v he_o blameless_a or_o that_o a_o particular_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n cease_v in_o a_o fact_n like_o he_o for_o these_o reason_n and_o oftentimes_o for_o the_o number_n of_o the_o offender_n be_v very_o great_a pardon_n must_v be_v grant_v rather_o than_o the_o community_n shall_v be_v exhaust_v by_o punishment_n to_o take_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o greatness_n crime_n xvi_o the_o greatness_n of_o a_o crime_n of_o any_o crime_n there_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v first_o the_o object_n against_o which_o it_o be_v commit_v how_o noble_a and_o precious_a that_o be_v then_o the_o effect_n what_o damage_n more_o or_o less_o it_o have_v do_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o next_o the_o pravity_n of_o the_o author_n intention_n which_o be_v to_o be_v collect_v by_o several_a sign_n and_o circumstance_n as_o whether_o he_o may_v not_o easy_o have_v resist_v the_o occasion_n that_o do_v tempt_v he_o to_o it_o and_o beside_o the_o common_a reason_n whether_o there_o be_v not_o a_o peculiar_a one_o for_o his_o forbearance_n what_o circumstance_n aggravate_v the_o fact_n or_o be_v he_o not_o of_o a_o soul_n dispose_v to_o resist_v the_o allurement_n of_o a_o temptation_n inquire_v yet_o further_o whether_o he_o be_v not_o the_o principal_a in_o the_o commission_n or_o be_v he_o seduce_v by_o the_o example_n of_o other_o and_o once_o or_o often_o or_o after_o admonition_n spend_v in_o vain_a upon_o he_o but_o for_o the_o precise_a kind_a and_o measure_n punishment_n xvii_o measure_n and_o kind_n of_o punishment_n of_o punishment_n that_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v pronounce_v upon_o each_o crime_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o government_n to_o determine_v it_o with_o a_o entire_a regard_n to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n whence_o the_o same_o punishment_n may_v and_o oftentimes_o be_v impose_v upon_o two_o unequal_a crime_n understand_v the_o equality_n that_o be_v command_v to_o be_v regard_v by_o judge_n to_o mean_v the_o particular_a case_n of_o those_o criminal_n who_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o fact_n the_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v acquit_v and_o the_o other_o condemn_v without_o very_o sufficient_a reason_n and_o although_o man_n ought_v to_o show_v to_o one_o another_o all_o the_o mercy_n and_o tenderness_n that_o may_v be_v yet_o the_o good_a of_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o security_n of_o its_o subject_n require_v upon_o occasion_n when_o either_o a_o fact_n appear_v most_o pernicious_a to_o the_o public_a or_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o sharp_a medicine_n to_o obviate_v the_o grow_a vice_n of_o the_o age_n that_o the_o government_n shall_v aggravate_v its_o punishment_n which_o deserve_v at_o all_o time_n to_o be_v carry_v high_a enough_o to_o be_v sufficient_a to_o control_v the_o propensity_n of_o man_n towards_o the_o sin_n those_o punishment_n be_v level_v against_o and_o let_v the_o government_n observe_v that_o no_o great_a punishment_n be_v inflict_v than_o the_o law_n assign_v unless_o the_o fact_n be_v aggravate_v by_o very_o heinous_a circumstance_n moreover_o since_o the_o same_o punishment_n offender_n xviii_o the_o person_n of_o the_o offender_n not_o affect_v all_o person_n alike_o meet_v with_o various_a return_n to_o its_o endeavour_n to_o restrain_v in_o they_o the_o itch_n of_o evil-doing_a according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o every_o one_o that_o encounter_v it_o therefore_o both_o in_o the_o designation_n of_o punishment_n in_o general_a and_o in_o the_o application_n of_o they_o to_o particular_n it_o be_v proper_a to_o consider_v the_o person_n of_o the_o offender_n in_o conjunction_n with_o as_o many_o quality_n as_o concur_v to_o augment_v or_o diminish_v the_o sense_n of_o punishment_n as_o age_n sex_n condition_n riches_n strength_n and_o the_o like_a and_o as_o no_o man_n in_o a_o court_n of_o civil_a community_n xix_o crime_n do_v by_o community_n judicature_n can_v proper_o be_v punish_v for_o another_o crime_n so_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o a_o crime_n by_o a_o community_n whoever_o do_v not_o consent_n to_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v condemn_v for_o it_o nor_o suffer_v the_o loss_n of_o any_o thing_n he_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o the_o name_n and_o service_n of_o the_o community_n further_a than_o it_o be_v usual_a on_o these_o occasion_n for_o the_o innocent_a to_o feel_v the_o smart_n of_o the_o common_a misfortune_n when_o all_o those_o be_v dead_a who_o do_v consent_n or_o assist_v towards_o the_o say_a crime_n then_o the_o guilt_n thereof_o expire_v and_o the_o community_n return_v to_o its_o pristine_a innocency_n yet_o it_o frequent_o happen_v that_o the_o ther._n xx_o effect_v of_o one_o man_n crime_n upon_o a_o ther._n crime_n of_o one_o shall_v occasion_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o many_o other_o even_o to_o the_o intercept_n of_o a_o future_a blessing_n from_o they_o that_o they_o just_o expect_v to_o receive_v so_o when_o a_o estate_n be_v confiscate_v for_o a_o crime_n do_v by_o the_o parent_n the_o innocent_a child_n fall_v into_o beggary_n and_o when_o a_o prisoner_n upon_o bail_n make_v his_o escape_n the_o bail_n be_v force_v to_o answer_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o bond_n not_o as_o a_o delinquent_n but_o because_o it_o be_v his_o voluntary_a act_n to_o oblige_v himself_o to_o stand_v to_o such_o a_o event_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o reputation_n reputation_n in_o general_n be_v that_o define_v i._o define_v value_n set_v upon_o person_n in_o the_o world_n by_o which_o they_o be_v compare_v and_o equalise_v prefer_v or_o postpone_v to_o other_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o simple_a and_o accumulative_a divide_v ii_o divide_v and_o may_v be_v consider_v as_o to_o both_o either_o in_o a_o people_n live_v at_o their_o natural_a liberty_n or_o unite_v together_o under_o a_o government_n simple_z reputation_n among_o a_o people_n nature_n iii_o simple_a reputation_n in_o a_o state_n of_o nature_n in_o their_o natural_a liberty_n consist_v chief_o in_o this_o that_o by_o their_o behaviour_n they_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v esteem_v and_o treat_v with_o as_o good_a man_n ready_a to_o comport_v themselves_o in_o society_n with_o other_o according_a to_o the_o prescription_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o praise_n whereof_o remain_v entire_a preserve_v iu._n how_o preserve_v so_o long_o as_o no_o evil_a and_o enormous_a fact_n be_v know_o and_o wilful_o do_v by_o they_o with_o a_o wicked_a purpose_n to_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n towards_o their_o neighbour_n hence_o every_o one_o natural_o be_v to_o pass_v for_o a_o good_a man_n until_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v upon_o he_o the_o same_o be_v diminish_v by_o transgress_v repair_v v._o diminish_v and_o repair_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n malicious_o in_o any_o heinous_a matter_n which_o serve_v also_o as_o a_o caution_n for_o the_o future_a to_o treat_v with_o he_o that_o do_v it_o with_o great_a circumspection_n though_o this_o stain_n may_v be_v wash_v off_o either_o by_o a_o voluntary_a reparation_n of_o damage_n or_o the_o testimony_n of_o a_o serious_a repentance_n but_o by_o a_o course_n of_o life_n direct_o tend_v recover_v vi_o lose_a and_o recover_v to_o do_v mischief_n and_o the_o seek_n of_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o by_o open_a and_o promiscuous_a injury_n towards_o other_o the_o reputation_n describe_v be_v total_o destroy_v and_o until_o man_n of_o this_o sort_n repent_v they_o may_v lawful_o be_v use_v as_o common_a enemy_n by_o every_o one_o that_o be_v in_o any_o manner_n liable_a to_o come_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o their_o outrage_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a even_o for_o these_o man_n to_o retrieve_v their_o credit_n if_o after_o they_o have_v repair_v all_o damage_n and_o obtain_v their_o pardon_n they_o abjure_v their_o vicious_a to_o embrace_v for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v a_o honest_a course_n of_o live_v simple_z reputation_n among_o those_o who_o government_n vii_o under_o government_n live_v together_o in_o a_o community_n be_v that_o by_o which_o a_o man_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v of_o some_o account_n and_o have_v never_o be_v declare_v a_o vicious_a member_n by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n here_o therefore_o the_o same_o perish_v either_o life_n viii_o lose_a by_o a_o ill_a condition_n of_o life_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o course_n of_o a_o man_n life_n or_o in_o consequence_n of_o
some_o crime_n the_o first_o be_v the_o case_n of_o slave_n who_o condition_n though_o natural_o have_v no_o turpitude_n in_o it_o in_o many_o community_n place_v they_o if_o possible_a below_o nothing_o as_o likewise_o that_o of_o pander_n whore_n and_o such_o like_a who_o life_n be_v accompany_v with_o vice_n at_o least_o the_o scandal_n of_o it_o for_o though_o whilst_o the_o community_n think_v fit_a public_o to_o tolerate_v they_o participate_v of_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o common_a protection_n yet_o they_o ought_v however_o to_o be_v exclude_v the_o society_n of_o civil_a person_n and_o we_o may_v conclude_v no_o less_o of_o other_o who_o be_v employ_v in_o work_n of_o nastiness_n and_o contempt_n though_o natural_o not_o include_v any_o viciousness_n in_o they_o by_o crime_n man_n utter_o lose_v their_o reputation_n crime_n ix_o and_o his_o crime_n when_o the_o law_n set_v a_o brand_n of_o infamy_n upon_o they_o for_o the_o same_o either_o by_o death_n and_o so_o their_o memory_n be_v disgrace_v for_o ever_o or_o by_o banishment_n out_o of_o the_o community_n or_o by_o confinement_n in_o the_o quality_n of_o scandalous_a and_o corrupt_a member_n otherwise_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a that_o indelible_a x._o otherwise_o indelible_a the_o natural_a honour_n of_o no_o man_n can_v be_v take_v from_o he_o sole_o by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o government_n for_o how_o can_v it_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o government_n shall_v have_v a_o power_n collate_v on_o it_o which_o conduce_v in_o no_o degree_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o neither_o do_v it_o seem_v as_o if_o a_o real_a infamy_n can_v be_v contract_v by_o execute_v the_o command_n of_o the_o government_n bare_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o minister_n accumulative_a reputation_n we_o call_v reputation_n xi_o accumulative_a reputation_n that_o by_o which_o person_n reciprocal_o equal_a as_o to_o their_o natural_a dignity_n come_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o one_o another_o according_a to_o those_o accomplishment_n which_o use_v to_o move_v the_o mind_n of_o people_n to_o pay_v they_o honour_n for_o honour_n be_v proper_o the_o signification_n of_o our_o judgement_n concern_v the_o excellency_n of_o another_o person_n this_o sort_n of_o reputation_n may_v be_v consider_v twofold_a xii_o twofold_a either_o as_o among_o those_o who_o continue_v in_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o among_o the_o member_n of_o the_o same_o commonwealth_n we_o will_v examine_v what_o the_o foundation_n of_o it_o be_v and_o how_o they_o produce_v in_o people_n both_o a_o capacity_n to_o expect_v the_o be_v honour_v by_o other_o and_o a_o actual_a right_n strict_o so_o call_v to_o demand_v it_o of_o they_o as_o their_o due_n the_o foundation_n of_o a_o accumulative_a it_o xiii_o the_o ground_n of_o it_o reputation_n be_v in_o general_n reckon_v to_o be_v all_o manner_n of_o endowment_n either_o real_o contain_v or_o such_o as_o be_v suppose_v to_o contain_v some_o great_a excellency_n and_o perfection_n which_o have_v plain_o a_o tendency_n in_o its_o effect_n to_o answer_v the_o end_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o society_n such_o be_v acuteness_n and_o readiness_n of_o wit_n a_o capacity_n to_o understand_v several_a art_n and_o science_n a_o sound_a judgement_n in_o business_n a_o steady_a spirit_n immovable_a by_o outward_a occurrence_n and_o equal_o superior_a to_o flattery_n and_o terror_n eloquence_n beauty_n riches_n but_o more_o especial_o the_o perform_n of_o brave_a action_n it_o fourteen_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o capacity_n and_o a_o right_a to_o it_o all_o these_o thing_n together_o produce_v a_o capacity_n to_o receive_v honour_n not_o a_o right_n so_o that_o if_o any_o person_n shall_v decline_v the_o payment_n of_o his_o veneration_n to_o they_o he_o may_v deserve_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o his_o incivility_n but_o not_o for_o a_o injury_n for_o a_o perfect_a right_o to_o be_v honour_v by_o other_o and_o bear_v the_o ensign_n thereof_o proceed_v either_o from_o a_o authority_n over_o they_o or_o from_o some_o mutual_a agreement_n or_o from_o a_o law_n that_o be_v make_v and_o approve_v by_o one_o common_a lord_n and_o master_n among_o prince_n and_o independent_a state_n xv._o among_o prince_n and_o state_n state_n they_o usual_o allege_v for_o honour_n and_o precedence_n the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o family_n the_o extent_n and_o richness_n of_o their_o territory_n their_o power_n abroad_o and_o at_o home_n and_o the_o splendour_n of_o their_o style_n yet_o neither_o will_v all_o these_o pretence_n beget_v a_o perfect_a right_n in_o any_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o have_v the_o precedence_n of_o other_o unless_o the_o same_o have_v be_v first_o obtain_v by_o concession_n or_o treaty_n among_o subject_n the_o degree_n of_o honour_n subject_n xvi_o among_o subject_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o prince_n who_o wise_o therein_o regard_v the_o excellency_n of_o each_o person_n and_o his_o ability_n to_o advance_v the_o public_a good_n and_o whatever_o honour_n a_o subject_a receive_v in_o this_o nature_n as_o he_o may_v just_o claim_v it_o against_o his_o fellow-subject_a so_o he_o ought_v no_o less_o to_o satisfy_v himself_o in_o the_o quiet_a enjoyment_n of_o it_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o power_n of_o governor_n over_o the_o good_n of_o their_o subject_n as_o it_o whole_o lie_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o supreme_a governor_n to_o appoint_v with_o threefold_a i._o threefold_a what_o restriction_n they_o will_v allow_v their_o subject_n to_o have_v power_n over_o the_o good_n which_o themselves_o derive_v upon_o they_o so_o also_o over_o the_o good_n of_o the_o subject_n own_o acquire_v by_o their_o proper_a industry_n or_o otherwise_o the_o say_a governor_n claim_v a_o threefold_a kind_n of_o right_n result_v from_o the_o nature_n and_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n of_o community_n their_o first_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o it_o belong_v law_n ii_o by_o law_n to_o they_o to_o prescribe_v law_n to_o the_o subject_n about_o the_o measure_n and_o quality_n of_o their_o possession_n and_o which_o way_n to_o transfer_v the_o same_o from_o hand_n to_o hand_n with_o other_o particular_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o how_o to_o apply_v they_o in_o the_o use_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n by_o the_o second_o they_o claim_v to_o appropriate_v custom_n iii_o by_o tax_n and_o custom_n to_o themselves_o out_o of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o subject_n a_o portion_n by_o the_o name_n of_o tribute_n and_o custom_n and_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o since_o the_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o all_o the_o member_n be_v defend_v by_o the_o community_n the_o necessary_a charge_n thereof_o shall_v be_v defray_v by_o a_o general_a contribution_n for_o he_o must_v be_v very_o impudent_a indeed_o who_o will_v enjoy_v the_o protection_n and_o privilege_n of_o a_o place_n and_o yet_o contribute_v nothing_o in_o good_n or_o service_n towards_o its_o preservation_n only_o herein_o there_o will_v be_v great_a occasion_n for_o governor_n to_o accommodate_v themselves_o with_o prudence_n to_o the_o querulous_a temper_n of_o common_a people_n and_o let_v they_o endeavour_v to_o levy_v the_o money_n the_o most_o insensible_o that_o they_o can_v observe_v first_o a_o equality_n towards_o all_o and_o then_o to_o lay_v the_o tax_n rather_o upon_o the_o small_a commodity_n of_o various_a kind_n than_o upon_o the_o chief_a in_o a_o more_o uniform_a way_n the_o three_o be_v a_o right_n of_o extraordinary_a extraordinary_a iv_o by_o seizure_n for_o public_a use_n extraordinary_a dominion_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o upon_o a_o urgent_a necessity_n of_o state_n the_o good_n of_o any_o subject_a of_o which_o the_o present_a occasion_n have_v need_v may_v be_v take_v and_o apply_v to_o public_a use_n though_o far_o exceed_v the_o proportion_n that_o the_o party_n be_v bind_v to_o contribute_v towards_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o which_o reason_n as_o much_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a ought_v to_o be_v refund_v to_o he_o again_o either_o out_o of_o the_o public_a stock_n or_o by_o the_o contribution_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o subject_n beside_o these_o three_o pretension_n over_o unalienable_a v._o public_a revenue_n unalienable_a the_o private_a in_o divers_a community_n there_o be_v some_o particular_o call_v the_o public_a estate_n which_o carry_v also_o the_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o the_o prince_n patrimony_n according_a as_o they_o be_v distribute_v into_o the_o treasury_n or_o the_o privy-purse_n the_o latter_a serve_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o family_n who_o have_v a_o propriety_n in_o it_o during_o life_n and_o may_v dispose_v of_o the_o profit_v thence_o arise_v at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o the_o use_v of_o the_o other_o be_v appropriate_v for_o the_o public_a occasion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o prince_n officiate_a therein_o as_o
administrator_n only_o and_o stand_v oblige_v to_o apply_v all_o to_o the_o purpose_n that_o be_v design_v by_o they_o and_o neither_o of_o the_o two_o patrimony_n can_v be_v alienate_v by_o the_o prince_n without_o the_o people_n consent_n much_o less_o can_v a_o whole_a kingdom_n that_o alienable_a vi_o neither_o royal_a power_n nor_o allegiance_n alienable_a be_v not_o hold_v patrimonial_o or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o be_v alienate_v without_o their_o consent_n to_o it_o and_o in_o the_o latter_a case_n particular_o the_o consent_n of_o that_o part_n that_o be_v to_o be_v alienate_v as_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n no_o subject_n against_o the_o will_n of_o his_o community_n can_v possible_o disengage_v himself_o from_o the_o bond_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o it_o unless_o the_o force_n of_o foreign_a enemy_n reduce_v he_o to_o such_o a_o condition_n that_o he_o have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o be_v safe_a chap._n xvi_o of_o war_n and_o peace_n although_o nothing_o be_v more_o agreeable_a sometime_o i._o necessity_n of_o war_n sometime_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n than_o the_o mutual_a peace_n of_o man_n with_o one_o another_o preserve_v by_o the_o voluntary_a application_n of_o each_o person_n to_o his_o duty_n live_v together_o in_o a_o state_n of_o peace_n be_v a_o peculiar_a distinction_n of_o man_n from_o brute_n yet_o it_o be_v sometime_o both_o lawful_a and_o necessary_a to_o go_v to_o war_n when_o by_o mean_n of_o another_o injustice_n we_o can_v without_o the_o use_n of_o force_n preserve_v what_o be_v our_o own_o nor_o enjoy_v those_o right_n which_o be_v proper_o we_o but_o here_o common_a prudence_n and_o humaty_n do_v admonish_v we_o to_o forbear_v our_o arm_n there_o where_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o injury_n we_o resent_v be_v likely_a to_o return_v more_o hurt_n upon_o we_o and_o we_o than_o it_o can_v do_v good_a the_o just_a cause_n upon_o which_o a_o war_n may_v war._n ii_o just_a cause_n of_o war._n be_v undertake_v come_v all_o to_o these_o the_o preservation_n of_o ourselves_o and_o what_o we_o have_v against_o a_o unjust_a invasion_n and_o this_o sort_n of_o war_n be_v call_v defensive_a the_o maintenance_n and_o recovery_n of_o our_o right_n from_o those_o that_o refuse_v to_o pay_v they_o the_o reparation_n of_o injury_n do_v to_o we_o and_o caution_n against_o they_o for_o the_o future_a and_o this_o sort_n of_o war_n be_v call_v offensive_a not_o that_o upon_o a_o prince_n take_v himself_o composition_n iii_o amicable_a composition_n to_o be_v injure_v he_o be_v present_o to_o fly_v to_o arm_n especial_o if_o any_o thing_n about_o the_o right_n or_o fact_n in_o controversy_n remain_v yet_o under_o dispute_n but_o first_o let_v he_o try_v to_o compose_v the_o matter_n in_o a_o amicable_a way_n by_o treaty_n by_o appeal_n to_o arbitrator_n or_o by_o submit_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n to_o the_o decision_n of_o a_o lot_n and_o those_o method_n be_v the_o rather_o to_o be_v choose_v by_o that_o party_n who_o claim_v from_o another_o because_o possession_n with_o any_o show_n of_o right_n be_v wont_a to_o meet_v with_o the_o most_o favourable_a construction_n the_o unjust_a cause_n of_o war_n be_v either_o war._n iu._n unjust_a cause_n of_o war._n those_o which_o open_o to_o all_o the_o world_n be_v such_o as_o ambition_n and_o covetousness_n and_o what_o may_v be_v reduce_v thereto_o or_o those_o that_o admit_v of_o a_o faint_a and_o imperfect_a colour_n to_o be_v pretend_v in_o their_o excuse_n of_o this_o kind_n there_o be_v variety_n as_o the_o fear_n of_o a_o neighbour_n grow_a wealth_n and_o power_n conveniency_n of_o a_o possession_n to_o which_o yet_o no_o right_n can_v be_v make_v out_o desire_v of_o a_o better_a habitation_n the_o denial_n of_o common_a favour_n the_o folly_n of_o the_o possessor_n the_o desire_n of_o extinguish_v another_o title_n lawful_o acquire_v because_o it_o may_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o we_o etc._n etc._n and_o though_o the_o most_o proper_a way_n of_o war._n v._o of_o deceit_n in_o war._n act_v in_o war_n be_v by_o that_o of_o force_n and_o terror_n yet_o it_o be_v altogether_o as_o lawful_a to_o attack_v a_o enemy_n by_o stratagem_n and_o wiles_n provide_v that_o the_o faith_n and_o trust_v which_o you_o give_v he_o be_v inviolable_o observe_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o deceive_v he_o by_o story_n and_o feign_a narration_n not_o by_o promise_n and_o covenant_n but_o concern_v the_o violence_n which_o violence_n vi_o violence_n may_v be_v use_v against_o he_o and_o what_o belong_v to_o he_o we_o must_v distinguish_v betwixt_o what_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o he_o to_o suffer_v without_o injustice_n and_o what_o we_o may_v easy_o inflict_v without_o the_o breach_n of_o humanity_n whoever_o declare_v himself_o my_o enemy_n as_o he_o make_v profession_n by_o that_o very_a act_n of_o enterprize_v upon_o i_o the_o great_a mischief_n in_o the_o world_n so_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o full_o indulge_v i_o the_o leave_n to_o employ_v the_o utmost_a of_o my_o power_n without_o mercy_n against_o himself_o yet_o humanity_n command_v i_o as_o far_o as_o the_o fury_n of_o war_n will_v permit_v that_o i_o do_v my_o enemy_n no_o more_o harm_n than_o the_o defence_n or_o vindication_n of_o my_o right_n require_v with_o care_n to_o my_o security_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v we_o common_o divide_v war_n into_o solemn_a war_n vii_o solemn_z and_o unsolemn_a war_n and_o vnsolemn_a to_o a_o solemn_a war_n it_o be_v require_v that_o it_o be_v make_v on_o both_o side_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o sovereign_a governor_n and_o precede_v by_o a_o public_a declaration_n the_o other_o either_o be_v not_o public_o denounce_v or_o perhaps_o be_v begin_v among_o private_a person_n to_o which_o latter_a head_n belong_v also_o civil_a war_n as_o the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n in_o all_o war._n viii_o power_n of_o make_v war._n nation_n lie_v in_o the_o same_o hand_n that_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o government_n so_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n above_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o subordinate_a magistrate_n to_o engage_v in_o without_o a_o delegation_n from_o thence_o though_o he_o can_v suppose_v with_o reason_n that_o be_v they_o consult_v upon_o the_o matter_n they_o will_v be_v please_v with_o it_o indeed_o all_o military_a governor_n of_o fortify_v place_n and_o province_n have_v force_n under_o they_o to_o command_v upon_o the_o defence_n thereof_o may_v understand_v it_o to_o be_v enjoin_v they_o by_o the_o very_a design_n of_o their_o employment_n to_o repel_v a_o invader_n from_o the_o part_n commit_v to_o their_o trust_n by_o all_o the_o way_n they_o can_v but_o they_o be_v not_o rash_o to_o carry_v the_o war_n into_o a_o enemy_n country_n in_o a_o state_n of_o natural_a liberty_n a_o person_n refugee_n ix_o war_n occasion_v by_o protect_v of_o refugee_n be_v assault_v by_o force_n only_o for_o the_o injury_n that_o be_v do_v by_o himself_o but_o in_o a_o community_n a_o war_n often_o happen_v upon_o the_o governor_n or_o the_o whole_a body_n when_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v commit_v any_o thing_n to_o make_v this_o appear_v just_a it_o be_v necessary_a the_o act_n of_o a_o three_o party_n must_v by_o some_o way_n or_o other_o pass_v upon_o they_o now_o governor_n do_v partake_v of_o the_o offence_n not_o only_o of_o their_o proper_a subject_n but_o of_o other_o that_o occasional_o fly_v to_o they_o if_o either_o the_o offence_n be_v do_v by_o their_o permission_n or_o that_o they_o receive_v and_o protect_v the_o offender_n the_o sufferance_n of_o a_o offence_n become_v then_o unblamable_a when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o one_o know_v of_o the_o do_v it_o he_o have_v a_o power_n to_o hinder_v it_o thing_n open_o and_o frequent_o do_v by_o the_o subject_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v know_v to_o their_o governor_n in_o who_o it_o be_v always_o presume_v there_o be_v a_o power_n also_o to_o prohibit_v unless_o a_o manifest_a proof_n appear_v of_o its_o defect_n yet_o to_o make_v it_o a_o occasion_n of_o war_n to_o give_v admittance_n and_o protection_n to_o a_o criminal_a who_o fly_v to_o we_o for_o the_o sake_n only_o of_o escape_v his_o punishment_n be_v what_o must_v proceed_v rather_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o particular_a agreement_n betwixt_o ally_n and_o neighbour_n than_o from_o any_o common_a obligation_n unless_o the_o fugitive_n be_v in_o our_o dominion_n contrive_v hostility_n against_o the_o commonwealth_n he_o desert_n another_z receive_v custom_n betwixt_o reprisal_n x._o reprisal_n nation_n be_v when_o a_o debt_n be_v owe_v from_o one_o to_o another_o which_o sometime_o come_v to_o be_v occasion_v by_o not_o administer_a of_o justice_n right_o to_o arrest_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o private_a subject_n of_o the_o nation_n indebt_v and_o assign_v they_o to_o the_o use_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o those_o of_o
their_o own_o to_o who_o particular_o the_o debt_n be_v owe_v leave_v such_o as_o by_o this_o mean_n have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o lose_v their_o good_n to_o seek_v for_o restitution_n of_o the_o party_n that_o be_v real_o guilty_a of_o the_o debt_n and_o these_o execution_n use_v to_o be_v call_v reprisal_n which_o common_o prove_v to_o be_v the_o forerunner_n of_o war._n a_o war_n may_v be_v make_v by_o a_o person_n not_o other_o xi_o of_o war_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o other_o only_o for_o himself_o but_o for_o another_o in_o order_n to_o do_v this_o with_o honesty_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o he_o for_o who_o the_o war_n be_v undertake_v shall_v have_v a_o just_a cause_n and_o his_o friend_n a_o probable_a reason_n why_o he_o will_v become_v a_o enemy_n to_o that_o other_o for_o his_o sake_n among_o those_o in_o who_o behalf_n it_o be_v not_o only_o lawful_a but_o our_o duty_n to_o make_v war_n there_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n our_o natural_a subject_n as_o well_o several_o as_o the_o universal_a body_n of_o they_o provide_v that_o the_o war_n will_v not_o evident_o involve_v the_o state_n in_o great_a mischief_n still_o next_o there_o be_v the_o ally_n with_o who_o we_o have_v engage_v to_o associate_v our_o arm_n by_o treaty_n yet_o therein_o not_o only_o give_v the_o precedence_n to_o our_o own_o subject_n if_o they_o shall_v chance_v to_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o assistance_n at_o the_o same_o juncture_n but_o presuppose_v also_o that_o the_o ally_n have_v a_o just_a cause_n and_o begin_v the_o war_n with_o prudence_n after_o our_o ally_n our_o friend_n deserve_v to_o be_v assist_v by_o we_o even_o without_o our_o obligation_n to_o do_v it_o by_o a_o special_a promise_n and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o other_o reason_n the_o common_a relation_n alone_o of_o man_n to_o man_n may_v be_v sufficient_a when_o the_o party_n implore_v our_o aid_n be_v unjust_o oppress_v to_o engage_v our_o endeavour_n as_o far_o as_o with_o convenience_n we_o be_v able_a to_o promote_v his_o defence_n the_o liberty_n that_o be_v in_o war_n of_o kill_v war._n xii_o the_o liberty_n of_o kill_v &c_n &c_n in_o war._n plunder_v and_o lay_v all_o thing_n waste_v extend_v itself_o to_o so_o very_o large_a a_o compass_n that_o though_o a_o man_n carry_v his_o rage_n beyond_o the_o uttermost_a bound_n of_o humanity_n yet_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o nation_n he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v infamous_a or_o one_o that_o ought_v to_o be_v avoid_v by_o person_n of_o worth_n except_v that_o among_o the_o more_o civilise_v world_n they_o look_v upon_o some_o particular_a method_n of_o do_v hurt_v to_o enemy_n to_o be_v base_a as_o poison_v or_o corrupt_v of_o soldier_n or_o subject_n to_o kill_v their_o master_n etc._n etc._n movable_a thing_n be_v understand_v war._n xiii_o of_o thing_n take_v in_o war._n to_o be_v take_v in_o war_n then_o when_o they_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o enemy_n who_o before_o possess_v they_o and_o thing_n immovable_a when_o we_o have_v they_o within_o our_o custody_n so_o that_o we_o can_v beat_v the_o enemy_n away_o from_o thence_o yet_o the_o right_n of_o the_o former_a possessor_n to_o retake_v the_o same_o be_v never_o utter_o extinguish_v until_o he_o renounce_v all_o his_o pretension_n to_o they_o by_o a_o subsequent_a agreement_n for_o without_o this_o it_o will_v be_v always_o lawful_a what_o by_o force_n be_v lose_v by_o force_n to_o retrieve_v again_o the_o soldier_n fight_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o public_a and_o whatever_o they_o obtain_v from_o the_o enemy_n they_o get_v it_o not_o for_o themselves_o but_o proper_o for_o the_o community_n they_o serve_v only_o it_o be_v customary_a in_o most_o place_n to_o leave_v to_o they_o by_o connivance_n the_o movable_n especial_o those_o of_o small_a value_n that_o they_o take_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o reward_n or_o perhaps_o their_o pay_n and_o for_o a_o encouragement_n to_o they_o to_o be_v free_a of_o their_o blood_n beside_o in_o the_o case_n of_o necessity_n when_o thing_n immovable_a that_o have_v be_v lose_v to_o be_v retake_v from_o the_o enemy_n they_o return_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o former_a owner_n and_o movable_n ought_v to_o do_v the_o same_o but_o that_o among_o most_o people_n they_o be_v deliver_v over_o as_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o army_n empire_n also_o or_o government_n come_v conquest_n fourteen_o conquest_n to_o be_v acquire_v by_o war_n not_o only_o over_o the_o particular_a person_n conquer_v but_o entire_a state_n to_o render_v this_o lawful_a and_o bind_v upon_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o subject_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o subject_n swear_v fidelity_n to_o the_o conqueror_n and_o on_o the_o other_o that_o the_o conqueror_n cast_v off_o the_o state_n and_o disposition_n of_o a_o enemy_n towards_o they_o the_o proceed_n of_o war_n be_v suspend_v truce_n xv._o truce_n by_o a_o truce_n which_o be_v a_o agreement_n the_o state_n and_o occasion_n of_o the_o war_n remain_v still_o the_o same_o as_o before_o to_o abstain_v on_o both_o side_n from_o all_o act_n of_o hostility_n unto_o a_o time_n appoint_v when_o that_o be_v past_a if_o there_o be_v no_o peace_n conclude_v in_o the_o interim_n they_o resume_v their_o hostility_n again_o without_o the_o formality_n of_o a_o new_a declaration_n now_o truce_n be_v either_o such_o as_o they_o truce_n xv._o treaty_n of_o truce_n consent_v to_o during_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o expedition_n whilst_o both_o side_n keep_v their_o force_n on_o foot_n or_o those_o upon_o which_o they_o quite_o disband_v their_o force_n and_o lay_v aside_o all_o military_a preparation_n the_o first_o be_v seldom_o take_v but_o for_o a_o small_a time_n the_o other_o they_o may_v and_o usual_o do_v take_v for_o a_o continuance_n so_o great_a as_o to_o carry_v the_o face_n of_o a_o peace_n and_o sometime_o also_o the_o very_a name_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o term_n of_o year_n only_o to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o a_o perfect_a peace_n indeed_o which_o regular_o be_v eternal_a and_o extinguish_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n for_o ever_o those_o that_o they_o call_v tacit_n truce_n oblige_v to_o nothing_o for_o as_o on_o both_o side_n they_o lie_v quiet_a for_o their_o pleasure_n so_o whenever_o they_o think_v fit_a they_o may_v break_v out_o into_o act_n of_o hostility_n but_o when_o a_o peace_n be_v mutual_o ratify_v peace_n xvi_o treaty_n of_o peace_n by_o each_o sovereign_a governor_n upon_o article_n and_o condition_n agree_v betwixt_o themselves_o which_o they_o engage_v to_o observe_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n faithful_o by_o a_o time_n prescribe_v then_o a_o war_n be_v perfect_o end_v in_o confirmation_n whereof_o it_o be_v usual_a not_o only_o for_o both_o party_n to_o take_v their_o oath_n and_o interchange_v hostage_n but_o for_o some_o other_o oftentimes_o especial_o among_o the_o assistant_n at_o the_o treaty_n to_o undertake_v the_o guaranty_n of_o the_o same_o with_o promise_n of_o aid_n to_o he_o whoever_o be_v first_o injure_v by_o the_o other_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o peace_n that_o be_v make_v chap._n xvii_o of_o alliance_n alliance_n interchangeable_o pass_v twofold_a i._o alliance_n twofold_a betwixt_o sovereign_a governor_n be_v of_o good_a use_n both_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n they_o may_v be_v divide_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o subject_n either_o into_o such_o as_o reinforce_v the_o duty_n already_o incumbent_a on_o we_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o such_o as_o superadd_a some_o thing_n to_o the_o precept_n of_o that_o law_n at_o least_o they_o determine_v their_o obligation_n to_o such_o or_o such_o particular_a action_n which_o before_o seem_v indefinite_a by_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v mean_v treaty_n of_o peace_n ii_o treaty_n of_o peace_n peace_n wherein_o nothing_o more_o be_v agree_v upon_o than_o the_o simple_a exercise_n of_o humanity_n towards_o one_o another_o or_o a_o forbearance_n of_o mischief_n and_o violence_n or_o perhaps_o they_o may_v establish_v a_o general_a sort_n of_o friendship_n betwixt_o they_o not_o mention_v particular_n or_o fix_v the_o rule_n of_o hospitality_n and_o commerce_n according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o other_o of_o the_o latter_a sort_n be_v call_v league_n iii_o equal_a league_n league_n and_o be_v either_o equal_a or_o unequal_a equal_a league_n be_v so_o far_o compose_v of_o the_o same_o condition_n on_o both_o side_n that_o they_o not_o only_o promise_v what_o be_v equal_a absolute_o or_o at_o least_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o ability_n of_o man_n but_o they_o stipulate_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n too_o that_o neither_o party_n be_v to_o the_o other_o obnoxious_a or_o in_o a_o worse_a condition_n unequal_a league_n be_v those_o wherein_o unequal_a iu