the_o mystery_n of_o husbandry_n or_o arable_a pasture_n and_o wood-land_n improve_v contain_v the_o whole_a art_n and_o mystery_n of_o agriculture_n or_o husbandry_n in_o better_v and_o improve_n all_o degree_n of_o land_n fertilize_v the_o barren_a soil_n recover_v it_o from_o weed_n bush_n briar_n rush_n flag_n overflowing_n of_o salt_n or_o unwholesome_a water_n to_o bear_v good_a corn_n or_o become_v meadow_n or_o pasture_n direction_n for_o marling_n dung_v mud_a sand_a flow_v trench_a and_o other_o method_n of_o improve_n land_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n proper_a time_n for_o sow_v choose_v good_a seed_n and_o plough_v wâ—th_v the_o description_n of_o useful_a plough_n suitable_a to_o the_o different_a sort_n of_o ground_n etc._n etc._n how_o to_o keep_v corn_n and_o other_o pulse_n from_o be_v destroy_v by_o bird_n vermin_n lightning_n mildew_n blast_n smuttiness_n cold_a wind_n etc._n etc._n harvest-work_n inning_n or_o stack_v etc._n etc._n the_o best_a grainery_n for_o preserve_a corn_n and_o pulse_n etc._n etc._n how_o to_o know_v smutty_n or_o wash_v corn_n from_o other_o proper_a tool_n for_o husbandry_n and_o day-labour_n compute_v improvement_n of_o land_n by_o turnip_n carrot_n sassion_n mad_a hops_n will_v or_o woad_n coal_n seed_n hemp_n flax_n clover_n st._n foin_n etc._n etc._n wood-land_n to_o improve_v in_o set_v lop_n and_o manage_v to_o a_o vast_a increase_n the_o great_a advantage_n of_o enclosure_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o be_v add_v the_o countryman_n almanac_n by_o leonard_n meager_n london_n print_v by_o w._n onley_n for_o henry_n nelme_n at_o the_o leg_n and_o star_n in_o cornhill_n 1697._o price_n bind_v 1_o s._n the_o mystery_n of_o husbandry_n or_o arable_a pasture_n and_o wood_n land_n improve_v the_o turve_a spade_n the_o trench_a spade_n the_o trench_a wheel_n plough_v the_o thrench_a gouge_n to_o be_v use_v as_o the_o spade_n the_o single_a wheel_n plough_n harfordshire_n wheel_v plough_n single_a wheeled_a plough_n the_o double_a plough_n plough_v two_o furrow_n at_o one_o time_n the_o pare_a spade_n the_o plain_a trench_a plough_n plain_a plough_n london_n print_v for_o henry_n nelme_n at_o the_o leg_n and_o star_n in_o cornhiâ—â—_n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n reader_n have_v well_o weigh_v and_o consider_v with_o mature_a deliberation_n that_o a_o work_n of_o this_o nature_n can_v but_o be_v grateful_a to_o my_o country_n i_o have_v the_o more_o labour_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o high_a pitch_n of_o improvement_n supply_v what_o have_v be_v omit_v by_o other_o who_o have_v with_o some_o diligence_n and_o industry_n attempt_v to_o compile_v a_o complete_a body_n of_o agriculture_n or_o to_o lay_v down_o such_o material_a thing_n as_o may_v redound_v to_o the_o better_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o ingenious_a countryman_n to_o make_v his_o charge_n and_o labour_n answer_v his_o expectation_n but_o have_v in_o many_o matter_n upon_o experience_n come_v short_a of_o what_o be_v no_o doubt_n well_o mean_v because_o most_o of_o they_o have_v not_o practise_v what_o they_o write_v but_o be_v oblige_v to_o borrow_v they_o from_o other_o and_o take_v they_o on_o trust_v and_o many_o of_o they_o from_o foreign_a author_n not_o well_o consider_v that_o differ_v climate_n produce_v different_a effect_n though_o thing_n be_v manage_v one_o and_o the_o same_o way_n for_o what_o the_o ground_n in_o one_o country_n will_v kind_o produce_v that_o in_o another_o through_o too_o much_o heat_n cold_a or_o moisture_n will_v not_o though_o the_o soil_n be_v much_o of_o the_o like_a temper_n in_o which_o be_v it_o not_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o can_v give_v many_o convince_a instance_n these_o thing_n i_o say_v consider_v i_o have_v ground_v this_o work_n upon_o long_a experience_n and_o true_o prove_v to_o my_o great_a advantage_n whatever_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o which_o i_o have_v do_v in_o as_o easy_a a_o method_n and_o as_o practicable_a as_o can_v be_v and_o as_o i_o think_v have_v omit_v nothing_o that_o be_v proper_a for_o such_o a_o treatise_n i_o have_v give_v you_o the_o proper_a manure_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o land_n and_o the_o true_a way_n of_o improve_n they_o from_o little_a or_o no_o value_n to_o great_a advantage_n also_o a_o exact_a method_n for_o drain_n all_o sort_n of_o land_n and_o for_o float_v it_o as_o occasion_n require_v with_o the_o description_n of_o tool_n and_o proper_a engine_n for_o the_o work_n and_o management_n the_o best_a method_n for_o plough_v and_o sow_v the_o lay_n of_o land_n and_o the_o distribute_v of_o grain_n and_o every_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v necessary_a from_o its_o spring_v up_o till_o it_o be_v sell_v and_o deliver_v in_o the_o market_n to_o which_o i_o have_v subjoin_v many_o other_o rare_a and_o profitable_a improvement_n of_o barren_a land_n know_v to_o few_o and_o practise_v by_o less_o because_o some_o have_v already_o be_v discourage_v herein_o for_o want_v of_o wellgrounded_n notion_n to_o further_o they_o in_o the_o true_a experiment_n it_o be_v too_o much_o the_o nature_n of_o englishman_n in_o matter_n of_o expect_a profit_n to_o be_v too_o soon_o discourage_v if_o thing_n at_o first_o fail_v to_o succeed_v to_o their_o wish_n i_o have_v further_o consider_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v useful_a relate_n to_o wood-land_n or_o improvement_n of_o land_n to_o a_o vast_a value_n by_o set_v tree_n with_o all_o the_o measure_n of_o order_v they_o and_o lay_v down_o many_o convince_a reason_n for_o the_o promote_a of_o enclosure_n answer_v the_o objection_n of_o commoner_n and_o other_o who_o oppose_v it_o to_o their_o own_o great_a disadvantage_n out_o of_o obstinacy_n or_o foolish_a custom_n when_o by_o this_o mean_v vast_a number_n of_o poor_a people_n may_v be_v set_v on_o work_n at_o present_a and_o for_o the_o future_a be_v well_o maintain_v if_o not_o enrich_v by_o the_o advantage_n arise_v thereby_o and_o to_o make_v this_o work_n more_o complete_a i_o have_v add_v a_o almanac_n contain_v prognostic_n of_o wether_n season_n observation_n of_o the_o year_n from_o critical_a day_n and_o what_o be_v proper_a in_o many_o particular_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o every_o month_n as_o well_o in_o affair_n as_o to_o keep_v and_o order_v the_o body_n and_o to_o continue_v it_o in_o a_o healthful_a temper_n and_o for_o seven_o year_n to_o come_v among_o sundry_a other_o thing_n too_o tedious_a here_o to_o mention_v i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o exact_a fall_n out_o of_o the_o movable_a festival_n and_o when_o the_o movable_a term_n begin_v and_o end_v so_o that_o i_o conceive_v i_o have_v labour_v to_o the_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o can_v but_o reasonable_o hope_v this_o work_n will_v find_v acceptance_n in_o expectation_n whereof_o that_o i_o may_v be_v the_o further_o encourage_v to_o do_v for_o the_o public_a good_a i_o be_o kind_a reader_n your_o friend_n and_o humble_a servant_n l._n m._n the_o content_n introduction_n of_o the_o excellency_n necessity_n and_o vsefulness_n of_o the_o advancement_n of_o good_a husbandry_n page_n 1_o chap._n 1._o how_o to_o know_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n page_z 4_o chap._n 2._o of_o the_o dung_v of_o ground_n page_z 7_o chap._n 3._o the_o nature_n use_v and_o benefit_n of_o marl_n page_n 9_o chap._n 4._o of_o plough_v the_o part_n of_o the_o plough_n and_o the_o best_a season_n for_o plough_v page_n 10_o chap._n 5._o of_o liming_n sanding_n and_o hack_v land_n to_o make_v it_o fruitful_a page_n 14_o chap._n 6._o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o plough_v and_o of_o harrow_n page_n 15_o chap._n 7._o of_o weed_n and_o destroy_v the_o weed_n with_o direction_n to_o order_v the_o corn_n in_o sow_v etc._n etc._n page_n 17_o chap._n 8._o to_o dress_v and_o manure_v barren_a ground_n overrun_v with_o goss_n broom_n fur_n weed_n etc._n etc._n relate_v to_o ground_n dry_a and_o wet_a page_n 18_o chap._n 9_o to_o improve_v barren_a clay_n simple_a or_o compound_n overrun_v with_o whinne_n with_o the_o particular_a order_n of_o it_o page_n 22_o chap._n 10._o to_o dress_v and_o manure_v all_o barren_a clay_n simple_a or_o compound_n encumber_v or_o overgrow_v with_o heath_n or_o ling._n page_n 23_o chap._n 11._o of_o dress_v order_v till_v and_o manure_v barren_a sandy-ground_n produce_v only_o short_a mossy_a grass_n page_n 25_o chap._n 12._o of_o order_v and_o dress_v barren_a sand_n overrun_v with_o fern_n heath_n brake_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n etc._n etc._n page_n 28_o chap._n 13._o of_o order_v and_o enrich_v barren_a land_n subject_a to_o wild_a briar_n twitch_n and_o bush_n etc._n etc._n page_n 30_o chap._n 14._o of_o order_v till_v and_o enrich_v barren_a land_n encumber_a with_o moor_n or_o moorish_a long_a grass_n etc._n etc._n page_n 31_o chap._n 15._o a_o way_n in_o general_a to_o enrich_v any_o poor_a sand_n or_o clay_n for_o
be_v white_a and_o of_o singular_a use_n for_o turner_n work_n and_o to_o make_v tool_n for_o the_o husbandman_n and_o beside_o its_o pleasant_a shade_n it_o yield_v abundance_n of_o fuel_n the_o aspen-tree_n delight_v in_o moist_a wet_a ground_n though_o it_o will_v grow_v in_o wood_n and_o copice_n it_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o the_o poplar_n and_o be_v propagate_v by_o young_a sucker_n who_o top_n you_o must_v not_o cut_v off_o the_o first_o year_n the_o alder_n may_v with_o success_n be_v set_v in_o wet_a land_n and_o much_o improve_v it_o of_o these_o you_o may_v set_v truncheon_n and_o they_o will_v grow_v very_o fast_o they_o will_v also_o grow_v of_o seed_n but_o the_o best_a be_v young_a set_v with_o root_n be_v set_v as_o big_a as_o the_o small_a of_o a_o man_n leg_n and_o in_o length_n about_o two_o foot_n cut_v not_o the_o small_a set_v till_o they_o have_v stand_v three_o year_n and_o so_o they_o will_v produce_v great_a store_n of_o wood_n for_o pole_n and_o other_o use_n the_o with_o be_v a_o good_a improver_n of_o boggy_a land_n as_o also_o the_o osier_n which_o turn_v to_o a_o very_a great_a advantage_n be_v worth_a 9_o or_o 10_o l._n a_o acre_n where_o the_o land_n before_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o value_n if_o they_o can_v be_v carry_v easy_o by_o land_n or_o water_n to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o make_v basket_n chair_n scuttle_n and_o the_o like_a ware_n they_o may_v be_v cut_v every_o two_o or_o three_o year_n the_o common_a willow_n afford_v much_o fuel_n pole_n and_o binding-rod_n this_o will_v grow_v either_o by_o root_n slip_v truncheon_n or_o the_o like_a plant_v they_o in_o february_n if_o the_o wether_n be_v open_a and_o so_o till_o they_o bud._n these_o watery_a tree_n be_v of_o a_o clean_a white_a wood_n and_o very_o great_a improver_n increase_v exceed_a fast_n and_o the_o better_a when_o they_o be_v once_o grow_v up_o for_o be_v lop_v and_o be_v a_o good_a shade_n for_o cattle_n in_o summer_n and_o afford_v they_o good_a brouze_a chap._n liii_o farther_o improvement_n for_o order_v sundry_a sort_n of_o tree_n for_o the_o valuable_a improvement_n of_o land_n &c_n &c_n there_o remain_v yet_o other_o thing_n not_o treat_v of_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o tree_n viz._n as_o for_o such_o tree_n as_o cast_v their_o leave_n in_o the_o fall_n the_o best_a time_n to_o transplant_v they_o to_o other_o convenient_a place_n for_o timber_n under-wood_n shade_n or_o ornament_n you_o may_v do_v it_o the_o wether_n be_v open_a in_o october_n november_n and_o upon_o necessity_n till_o they_o begin_v to_o bud_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o those_o tree_n that_o do_v not_o shed_v their_o leave_n but_o be_v green_a throughout_o the_o year_n be_v best_a remove_v in_o the_o spring_n when_o the_o cold_a be_v abate_v and_o the_o sun_n open_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o root_n may_v spread_v and_o the_o sap_n be_v continue_v by_o fresh_a moisture_n and_o it_o may_v be_v well_o do_v in_o august_n the_o pithy_a tree_n as_o the_o ash_n lime-tree_n sycamore_n aspen_n etc._n etc._n need_v no_o cut_n upon_o transplant_n till_o they_o have_v well_o take_v root_n one_o year_n and_o then_o to_o hasten_v their_o growth_n in_o bigness_n you_o may_v cut_v the_o top_n of_o the_o uppermost_a branch_n that_o too_o luxurious_o expend_v the_o moisture_n that_o shall_v feed_v the_o bowl_n and_o under-branch_n as_o for_o fir_n or_o any_o rosiny-tree_n cut_v not_o the_o root_n nor_o the_o branch_n but_o a_o very_a little_a because_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o spread_v their_o rosin_n or_o turpentine_n too_o much_o to_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o plant_n for_o that_o be_v it_o which_o keep_v it_o alive_a and_z and_o make_v it_o prosper_v this_o method_n may_v be_v use_v to_o transplant_v sucker_n stion_n slip_v or_o layer_n of_o birch_n elm_n chesnut_n oak_n beech_n etc._n etc._n but_o where_o they_o have_v not_o good_a root_n it_o must_v be_v do_v in_o the_o spring_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v rise_v and_o they_o begin_v to_o put_v out_o their_o bud_n all_o tree_n delight_v in_o wet_a or_o watery_a ground_n may_v well_o be_v transplant_v in_o february_n or_o march_v before_o they_o be_v too_o forward_o if_o the_o frost_n be_v well_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n remove_v tree_n rather_o into_o a_o better_a than_o a_o worse_a ground_n wherein_o they_o natural_o grow_v or_o at_o least_o so_o much_o good_a earth_n in_o the_o hole_n you_o make_v to_o set_v they_o in_o as_o may_z first_o give_v they_o a_o fix_a root_n and_o so_o they_o may_v get_v a_o head_n and_o when_o they_o be_v once_o acquaint_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n they_o will_v thrive_v amain_o let_v as_o much_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o first_o grow_v as_o may_v be_v adhere_v to_o the_o root_n when_o you_o remove_v they_o that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o nourish_v and_o grow_v more_o kind_o and_o let_v the_o spurn_v of_o the_o root_n be_v as_o many_o as_o may_v be_v pretty_a long_a and_o large_a except_o the_o top_n and_o downright_a root_n that_o so_o they_o may_v spread_v every_o way_n and_o that_o they_o may_v the_o better_a do_v it_o make_v the_o hole_n you_o set_v they_o in_o large_a and_o fill_v in_o the_o mould_n loose_v upon_o they_o if_o you_o will_v have_v your_o tree_n prosper_v well_o remove_v they_o not_o out_o of_o a_o warm_a shelter_n into_o a_o bleak_a cold_a air_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o steady_a and_o upright_a that_o they_o may_v not_o decline_v nor_o much_o loosen_v by_o the_o blow_n of_o wind_n keep_v the_o earth_n pretty_a high_a about_o they_o above_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o oak_n pine_n walnut_n and_o other_o tree_n that_o bear_v spread_a branch_n at_o the_o transplant_n set_v at_o a_o good_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o at_o least_o forty_o foot_n but_o the_o beech_n ash_n yew_n fir_n and_o chesnut_n may_v stand_v much_o near_o viz._n at_o a_o three_o of_o the_o distance_n the_o hornbeam_n and_o elm_n will_v grow_v the_o near_a of_o any_o tree_n together_o and_o these_o you_o may_v plant_v in_o a_o regular_a or_o a_o promiscuous_a order_n as_o for_o the_o water_v of_o tree_n in_o dry_a season_n care_n must_v be_v have_v of_o it_o whilst_o they_o be_v young_a especial_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v transplant_v for_o this_o settle_v the_o earth_n about_o they_o and_o make_v the_o root_n take_v firm_a hold_n and_o if_o they_o have_v be_v far_o fetch_v set_v the_o root_n in_o water_n some_o time_n before_o you_o plant_v they_o and_o if_o you_o find_v the_o wind_n much_o shake_v they_o set_v strong_a stake_n by_o they_o and_o fasten_v the_o tree_n to_o those_o stake_n with_o wisp_n of_o hay_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o be_v strengthen_v and_o so_o order_v it_o by_o put_v moss_n or_o hay_n between_o the_o plant_n that_o the_o rub_n may_v not_o fret_v or_o gall_v they_o you_o may_v lay_v about_o the_o root_n of_o they_o fern_n stubble_n hawme_n or_o any_o other_o such_o like_a thing_n that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o may_v keep_v they_o warm_v and_o in_o root_a dung_n they_o stone_n lay_v about_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n keep_v they_o moist_a in_o summer_n and_o warm_a in_o winter_n coppice_n may_v be_v plant_v about_o autumn_n with_o young_a set_v or_o plant_n the_o best_a way_n in_o row_n at_o ten_o or_o fifteen_o foot_n distance_n for_o than_o you_o may_v very_o well_o reap_v the_o benefit_n of_o interval_n by_o plough_v dig_v and_o sow_v and_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n the_o better_a conveniency_n for_o the_o graze_a of_o cattle_n and_o proper_a way_n for_o wains_n or_o cart_n to_o fetch_v away_o the_o timber_n or_o pass_v from_o one_o ground_n to_o another_o beside_o it_o will_v yield_v you_o pleasant_a shady_a walk_n and_o then_o if_o you_o will_v thicken_v your_o coppice_n when_o well_o grow_v bend_v some_o of_o the_o bough_n that_o be_v near_a to_o the_o ground_n give_v they_o little_a nick_n on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o bend_n and_o put_v they_o a_o little_a way_n so_o bow_v into_o the_o earth_n cover_v they_o with_o mold_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o rise_v with_o hook_a stake_n drive_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o spring_v up_o they_o will_v produce_v a_o great_a many_o sucker_n and_o in_o time_n grow_v up_o into_o tree_n or_o at_o least_o considerable_a underwood_n chap._n liv._o how_o to_o order_n tree_n for_o their_o better_a grow_v and_o more_o speedy_o turn_v to_o good_a advantage_n to_o preserve_v tree_n in_o good_a plight_n and_o to_o make_v they_o grow_v apace_o there_o be_v other_o thing_n require_v than_o what_o i_o have_v hitherto_o mention_v first_o prune_n they_o when_o they_o be_v
sign_n of_o a_o good_a ground_n where_o the_o crow_n and_o pie_n in_o great_a number_n follow_v the_o plough_n scrape_v in_o the_o step_v of_o the_o ploughman_n the_o goodness_n be_v likewise_o know_v if_o at_o the_o sunsetting_a after_o a_o rainbow_n and_o in_o a_o shower_n of_o rain_n follow_v a_o drought_n it_o yield_v a_o pleasant_a succour_n also_o in_o taste_n it_o will_v appear_v if_o taste_v of_o a_o clod_n that_o have_v be_v water_v in_o a_o earthen_a vessel_n you_o find_v it_o sweet_a it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o rich_a ground_n if_o bitter_a a_o great_a token_n of_o barren_a ground_n if_o it_o be_v saltish_a it_o be_v to_o be_v shun_v and_o not_o to_o be_v use_v you_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o ground_n will_v also_o change_v and_o of_o fruitful_a become_v barren_a which_o have_v be_v see_v in_o several_a place_n of_o our_o country_n beside_o one_o kind_n of_o ground_n though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o fertile_a will_v not_o bear_v all_o thing_n moreover_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v a_o great_a matter_n all_o country_n have_v not_o the_o wether_n and_o air_n alike_o wherefore_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o good_a husbandman_n to_o know_v the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o his_o ground_n and_o to_o mark_v the_o disposition_n of_o it_o for_o every_o season_n of_o the_o year_n he_o must_v also_o consider_v what_o crop_n be_v best_a for_o every_o layer_n some_o ground_n serve_v for_o corn_n some_o for_o meadow_n some_o for_o pasture_n neither_o may_v all_o thing_n be_v well_o sow_o in_o rich_a ground_n nor_o nothing_o in_o barren_a ground_n such_o thing_n as_o need_v not_o much_o moisture_n be_v best_a sow_o in_o light_a ground_n as_o the_o great_a claver_fw-la spery_n chich_n and_o the_o other_o pulse_n that_o be_v pull_v and_o not_o cut_v those_o that_o require_v much_o sustenance_n be_v sow_v in_o rich_a ground_n as_o potherb_n wheat_n rye_n barley_n linseed_n some_o of_o they_o do_v good_a in_o the_o year_n follow_v as_o lupin_n that_o be_v use_v to_o be_v sow_o for_o the_o better_n of_o the_o ground_n there_o be_v difference_n also_o to_o be_v put_v betwixt_o fruit_n for_o pleasure_n and_o such_o as_o be_v for_o profit_n as_o fruit-tree_n and_o flower_n and_o such_o thing_n as_o yield_v both_o pleasure_n and_o sustenance_n and_o be_v also_o profitable_a to_o the_o ground_n you_o must_v choose_v for_o willow_n ofieâ—s_n and_o reed_n a_o wet_a and_o marshy_a ground_n and_o contrary_a where_o you_o will_v have_v corn_n and_o pulse_n that_o delight_n in_o dry_a ground_n sperage_n and_o suchlike_a must_v be_v sow_o in_o shady_a place_n and_o other_o ground_n for_o quickset_n timber_n mast_n and_o fuel_n yea_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v very_o gravelly_a and_o barren_a have_v its_o use_n where_o you_o may_v plant_v birch_n and_o suchlike_a and_o watery_a ground_n where_o you_o may_v set_v alder_n broom_n bulrush_n etc._n etc._n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o dung_v of_o ground_n since_o in_o all_o place_n the_o ground_n be_v not_o of_o a_o like_a goodness_n if_o we_o chance_v upon_o a_o lean_a and_o a_o barren_a ground_n as_o heathy_a brushy_a and_o gravelly_a ground_n we_o must_v endeavour_v to_o make_v these_o fruitful_a and_o to_o mend_v they_o by_o art_n for_o there_o be_v no_o country_n that_o our_o most_o gracious_a god_n have_v leave_v without_o sufficient_a yield_v if_o we_o use_v but_o our_o industry_n which_o may_v be_v happy_o employ_v divers_a way_n principal_o by_o dung_v and_o diligent_a labour_n to_o which_o purpose_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o we_o to_o know_v what_o dung_n do_v most_o enrich_v the_o earth_n the_o most_o expert_a of_o the_o ancient_a husbandman_n appoint_v three_o sort_n of_o dung_n the_o first_o of_o poultry_n the_o next_o of_o man_n the_o three_o of_o cattle_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n the_o best_a be_v have_v out_o of_o dove-house_n the_o next_o be_v of_o pulline_n and_o other_o fowl_n except_o goose_n and_o duck_n which_o be_v hurtful_a the_o ancient_n have_v such_o store_n of_o poultry_n and_o fowl_n as_o the_o dung_n of_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v suffice_v for_o the_o manure_n of_o their_o ground_n the_o next_o to_o this_o be_v man_n ordure_n if_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o other_o rubbish_n of_o the_o house_n for_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v too_o hot_a and_o burn_v the_o ground_n man_n urine_n be_v keep_v six_o month_n and_o pour_v upon_o the_o root_n of_o appletree_n and_o vine_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o give_v a_o pleasant_a taste_n to_o the_o fruit._n in_o the_o three_o place_n be_v the_o dung_n of_o cattle_n whereof_o the_o best_a be_v the_o dung_n of_o ass_n because_o this_o beast_n do_v chew_v with_o the_o most_o leisure_n whereby_o his_o meat_n be_v well_o digest_v be_v make_v the_o profitable_a dung_n next_o to_o this_o be_v the_o dung_n of_o sheep_n next_o of_o goat_n then_o of_o ox_n and_o horse_n the_o worst_a of_o swine_n very_o hurtful_a to_o the_o corn_n but_o use_v in_o some_o place_n for_o garden_n for_o want_v of_o other_o dung_n it_o be_v a_o great_a breeder_n of_o noisome_a weed_n the_o dung_n of_o horse_n likewise_o where_o they_o be_v feed_v with_o barley_n do_v breed_v weed_n the_o lupine_n before_o he_o bear_v his_o god_n be_v most_o commend_v be_v turn_v up_o with_o the_o plough_n or_o mattock_n and_o lay_v in_o bundle_n about_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n or_o vine_n where_o they_o have_v no_o store_n of_o cattle_n they_o use_v to_o mend_v their_o ground_n with_o straw_n and_o fern_n and_o with_o the_o stalk_n of_o lupin_n and_o the_o branch_n lay_v together_o in_o some_o ditch_n hereunto_o you_o may_v cast_v ash_n the_o filth_n of_o sink_n and_o privy_n straw_n and_o other_o thing_n rake_v together_o but_o in_o the_o midst_n you_o must_v lay_v some_o sound_a substance_n against_o the_o breed_n of_o adder_n and_o snake_n also_o hemlock_n walwort_n and_o the_o weed_n grow_v about_o willow-tree_n and_o fern_n with_o other_o such_o rot_a weed_n you_o may_v gather_v and_o lay_v under_o your_o sheep_n they_o that_o dwell_v in_o gravelly_a and_o heathy_a ground_n do_v take_v the_o turn_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o heath_n and_o lay_v they_o in_o heap_n powder_v with_o a_o little_a dung_n suffer_v they_o to_o lie_v and_o rot_v and_o after_o lay_v it_o on_o barren_a ground_n but_o more_o especial_o when_o they_o keep_v great_a store_n of_o sheep_n they_o cast_v into_o their_o fold_n such_o turn_v pare_v from_o the_o ground_n columella_n count_v they_o but_o bad_a husband_n that_o have_v of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o lesser_a kind_n of_o cattle_n less_o than_o a_o cartload_n of_o dung_n in_o three_o hundred_o day_n and_o each_o of_o the_o great_a sort_v ten_o load_n beside_o the_o filth_n and_o dirt_n of_o the_o yard_n this_o be_v also_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o that_o the_o dung_n that_o have_v lie_v a_o year_n be_v best_a for_o the_o corn_n for_o it_o both_o be_v of_o sufficient_a strength_n and_o breed_v less_o weed_n but_o upon_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n you_o must_v lay_v the_o new_a because_o it_o bring_v most_o grass_n and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v in_o february_n the_o moon_n increase_n for_o this_o be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o cause_n increase_v of_o grass_n in_o the_o manure_n of_o your_o ground_n look_v that_o you_o lay_v most_o dung_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n for_o the_o rain_n will_v drive_v it_o into_o the_o low_a part_n fast_o enough_o he_o that_o intend_v to_o have_v his_o ground_n to_o bear_v much_o corn_n if_o he_o mean_v to_o sow_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o summer_n must_v turn_v in_o his_o dung_n in_o september_n if_o in_o the_o spring_n he_o may_v lay_v it_o on_o in_o any_o time_n of_o the_o winter_n what_o time_n soever_o he_o do_v it_o he_o must_v look_v that_o the_o wind_n he_o westerly_a and_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o wain_n beside_o he_o must_v be_v sure_a that_o the_o dung_n be_v dry_a when_o he_o lay_v it_o on_o the_o ground_n for_o lay_v it_o on_o while_o it_o be_v moist_a it_o do_v more_o harm_n to_o the_o ground_n than_o good_a as_o daily_a experience_n teach_v now_o as_o the_o land_n will_v wax_v cold_a if_o it_o be_v not_o dung_v so_o will_v it_o be_v dry_v or_o burn_v if_o it_o be_v manure_v yearly_o or_o too_o much_o the_o watery_a ground_n require_v more_o store_n of_o dung_n and_o the_o dry_a ground_n the_o less_o in_o some_o place_n the_o scour_v of_o pond_n and_o ditch_n be_v use_v to_o the_o great_a enrich_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a land_n they_o make_v their_o land_n fruitful_a with_o lay_v on_o of_o chalk_n but_o long_o use_v of_o it_o make_v the_o ground_n stark_o nought_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v grow_v
remain_v which_o will_v be_v in_o hard_a tough_a earth_n subject_n to_o barrenness_n which_o the_o rain_n can_v dissolve_v so_o that_o the_o grain_n in_o vain_a may_v labour_v to_o get_v through_o they_o to_o crumble_v these_o then_o take_v a_o clotting-beetle_n make_v of_o sound_a wood_n very_o hard_o after_o the_o form_n of_o a_o carpenter_n mallet_n but_o with_o a_o much_o long_a handle_n and_o heavy_a head_n and_o with_o it_o go_v over_o the_o ground_n in_o a_o dry_a season_n and_o dash_v they_o to_o piece_n or_o to_o spread_v they_o the_o more_o you_o may_v take_v a_o flat_a board_n much_o about_o two_o inch_n in_o thickness_n and_o a_o foot_n broad_a fasten_v to_o a_o strong_a handle_n that_o on_o necessity_n you_o may_v use_v with_o the_o force_n of_o both_o your_o hand_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o flat_a shovel_n chap._n vii_o of_o weed_n and_o destroy_v the_o weed_n with_o direction_n to_o order_n the_o corn_n in_o sow_v etc._n etc._n weed_n be_v very_o offensive_a and_o destructive_a to_o corn_n in_o hinder_v its_o growth_n and_o therefore_o have_v bring_v you_o to_o bestow_v your_o corn_n in_o barren_a ground_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a i_o shall_v tell_v how_o to_o preserve_v it_o that_o it_o prosper_v to_o answer_v your_o expectation_n when_o the_o corn_n be_v spring_v up_o about_o a_o foot_n above_o the_o ground_n these_o sort_n of_o soil_n who_o nature_n it_o be_v to_o produce_v weed_n will_v require_v your_o industry_n and_o they_o must_v be_v take_v out_o if_o thistle_n or_o such_o as_o be_v great_a and_o offensive_a with_o hook_n or_o nipper_n by_o cut_v they_o off_o close_o by_o the_o root_n or_o rather_o pull_v they_o up_o by_o the_o root_n if_o that_o by_o break_v the_o ground_n will_v not_o drag_v up_o the_o root_n of_o the_o corn_n with_o they_o the_o nipper_n may_v be_v make_v with_o two_o long_a piece_n of_o hard_a wood_n rivet_v to_o be_v open_v like_o a_o pair_n of_o pincer_n with_o saw-teeth_n close_v into_o one_o another_o that_o they_o may_v take_v the_o sure_a and_o firm_a hold_n without_o drip_v and_o these_o may_v be_v much_o hinder_v in_o their_o growth_n by_o sowe_a about_o two_o bushel_n of_o bay-salt_n to_o a_o acre_n of_o land_n as_o you_o do_v your_o wheat_n after_o the_o grain_n be_v sow_v which_o be_v also_o of_o so_o excellent_a a_o nature_n in_o barren_a land_n that_o it_o heat_v they_o to_o a_o degree_n and_o make_v what_o be_v sow_v prosper_v and_o multiply_v manifold_a as_o also_o will_v steep_v your_o grain_n in_o sea-water_n or_o be_v at_o too_o great_a a_o distance_n brine_n especialâ—y_v so_o that_o you_o sow_v it_o present_o after_o as_o for_o the_o sand_n you_o sand_n ground_n withal_o it_o must_v be_v sea-sand_n if_o possible_a to_o be_v get_v but_o if_o the_o ground_n lie_v so_o inland_a that_o it_o can_v be_v do_v without_o vast_a trouble_n and_o cost_n of_o carriage_n more_o than_o the_o advantage_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o recompense_v dig_v up_o the_o salt_a loose_a sand_n or_o earth_n you_o can_v light_v on_o and_o make_v that_o supply_n its_o place_n the_o saltness_n may_v be_v know_v by_o try_v it_o in_o water_n for_o a_o quantity_n be_v steep_v there_o if_o it_o make_v the_o water_n brackish_a you_o may_v be_v assure_v it_o be_v proper_a for_o your_o use_n also_o wood-ash_n sea-coal-ash_n and_o sutt_n be_v extraordinary_a manurer_n of_o land_n be_v scatter_v over_o they_o or_o plough_v in_o so_o that_o be_v wet_v they_o diffuse_v their_o quality_n of_o heat_n to_o temporize_v with_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o e_o rth_n and_o cherish_v what_o be_v sow_v but_o as_o for_o rye_n it_o must_v not_o be_v wet_v for_o among_o all_o grain_n it_o grow_v best_a with_o the_o least_o wet_a and_o will_v as_o the_o country_n say_v drown_v in_o the_o hopper_n in_o a_o rainy_n day_n yet_o where_o salt_n ash_n sâ—t_a or_o sea_n sand_n have_v be_v sprinkle_v and_o plough_v in_o it_o will_v prosper_v very_o well_o on_o barren_a ground_n so_o manure_v whereon_o you_o may_v sow_v barley_n oat_n bean_n pea_n lupin_n fetch_n etc._n etc._n as_o for_o wheat_n the_o wet_a it_o be_v sow_v the_o more_o firm_o it_o stick_v in_o the_o earth_n take_v root_n and_o prosper_v chap._n viii_o to_o dress_v and_o manure_v barren_a ground_n overrun_v with_o goss_n broom_n fur_n weed_n etc._n etc._n relate_v to_o ground_n dry_a and_o wet_a have_v give_v some_o insight_n into_o the_o improvement_n of_o barren_a ground_n a_o thing_n exceed_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v in_o a_o great_a many_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v proceed_v in_o it_o to_o the_o other_o particular_n and_o especial_o to_o the_o fill_v and_o dress_n rough_v and_o barren_a clay_n encumber_a or_o overrun_v with_o goss_n broom_n and_o suchlike_a thing_n of_o nature_n product_n which_o hinder_v land_n by_o keep_v it_o lean_a and_o out_o of_o heart_n from_o be_v easy_o bring_v to_o produce_v any_o thing_n else_o now_o i_o must_v suppose_v these_o kind_n of_o clayey_a ground_n whether_o simple_a or_o mix_v to_o lie_v a_o little_a low_o than_o those_o before_o discourse_v on_o not_o so_o subject_a to_o heat_n to_o burn_v up_o what_o grow_v on_o they_o in_o the_o scorch_a summer_n nor_o to_o nip_a frost_n to_o wither_v and_o blast_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o winter_n yet_o these_o ground_n as_o they_o be_v will_v neither_o proper_o bear_v corn_n nor_o grass_n there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o ground_n not_o differ_v in_o barrenness_n to_o this_o viz._n such_o as_o be_v infect_v with_o noisome_a weed_n which_o cause_n disease_n in_o the_o cattle_n feed_v there_o as_o likewise_o thick_a and_o overgrow_v with_o broom_n for_o although_o these_o for_o fuel_n thatch_v or_o cover_v of_o outhouse_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v some_o advantage_n to_o the_o husbandman_n it_o make_v nothing_o near_o a_o recompense_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o much_o ground_n as_o may_v be_v turn_v by_o a_o little_a cost_n and_o labour_n to_o good_a improvement_n to_o destroy_v these_o encumbrance_n cut_v they_o as_o near_o as_o possible_a may_v be_v to_o the_o ground_n then_o make_v they_o up_o in_o bundle_n as_o big_a as_o bavin_n dry_v they_o first_o in_o the_o sun_n and_o then_o carry_v they_o home_o and_o stack_n they_o in_o a_o place_n where_o the_o wet_a can_v fall_v upon_o they_o for_o if_o it_o do_v it_o will_v soon_o rot_v they_o then_o stub_n up_o all_o the_o root_n you_o can_v find_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o lay_v they_o in_o little_a heap_n to_o dry_a after_o which_o they_o will_v become_v good_a fuel_n or_o burn_v upon_o the_o land_n and_o the_o ash_n scatter_v will_v much_o strengthen_v it_o when_o soak_v in_o by_o the_o rain_n or_o plough_v in_o the_o proper_a time_n for_o this_o be_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o april_n and_o beginning_n of_o may._n thus_o have_v thorough_o clear_v the_o ground_n take_v the_o refuse_n with_o some_o root_n well_o dry_v and_o pile_v they_o hollow_a pare_v up_o root_n of_o grass_n and_o earth_n and_o pile_n on_o they_o leave_v only_o a_o vent_n and_o then_o give_v fire_n with_o straw_n or_o stubble_n and_o the_o earth_n keep_v in_o the_o smoke_n and_o receive_v it_o will_n as_o it_o be_v burn_v with_o the_o root_n and_o receive_v the_o fatness_n and_o be_v very_o mellow_a this_o in_o some_o country_n be_v call_v burn_v of_o bail_n and_o when_o it_o be_v well_o burn_v and_o cool_v with_o shovel_n and_o beetle_n break_v and_o disperse_v it_o over_o the_o land_n and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o very_a good_a dung_n or_o manure_v then_o with_o a_o very_a long_a plough_n break_v up_o the_o ground_n and_o by_o broad_a deep_a furrow_n lay_v it_o into_o land_n as_o large_a as_o you_o think_v the_o nature_n of_o it_o will_v bear_v high_a or_o flatter_v according_a to_o the_o like_a conveniency_n as_o it_o lie_v more_o or_o less_o subject_a to_o the_o water_n or_o overflow_a of_o neighbour_a brook_n rivers_n or_o great_a ditch_n or_o water_n occasion_v from_o shower_n descend_v from_o hill_n or_o high_a ground_n for_o these_o inundation_n great_o hinder_v fruitfulness_n by_o chill_v or_o rot_v the_o corn_n or_o other_o grain_n in_o the_o ground_n when_o sow_v so_o that_o if_o it_o spring_v up_o it_o come_v to_o no_o advantage_n but_o first_o of_o those_o ground_n that_o lie_v not_o within_o the_o danger_n of_o overflowing_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o height_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n in_o their_o order_n but_o to_o the_o purpose_n the_o bail_n burn_v cast_v abroad_o and_o the_o land_n break_v up_o then_o if_o you_o can_v come_v by_o it_o salt_n it_o with_o sea-sand_n after_o lime_n it_o as_o have_v be_v direct_v or_o for_o want_v of_o sea-sand_n scatter_v as_o you_o do_v grain_n bay-salt_n
draw_v the_o earth_n in_o one_o place_n then_o proceed_v in_o the_o most_o likely_a place_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o marl_n and_o the_o most_o proper_a place_n to_o make_v this_o essay_n be_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o high_a country_n near_o brook_n and_o lake_n and_o in_o the_o high_a part_n of_o low_a country_n upon_o the_o knowl_n of_o little_a hill_n and_o in_o the_o cleft_n of_o steep_a bank_n or_o breach_n in_o hill_n open_v of_o themselves_o in_o some_o place_n it_o lie_v deep_a in_o some_o again_o shallow_a and_o common_o these_o barren_a sandy_a ground_n be_v verge_v with_o it_o lie_v very_o deep_a have_v find_v it_o dig_v it_o up_o in_o great_a lump_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o your_o land_n with_o what_o speed_n you_o can_v lay_v it_o on_o heap_n a_o yard_n distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o when_o iâ—_n be_v dry_v spread_v all_o the_o heap_n and_o mix_v the_o marl_n with_o the_o sand_n and_o observe_v if_o the_o land_n ascend_v upon_o a_o hill_n to_o lay_v twice_o as_o much_o on_o the_o upper_a part_n as_o on_o the_o low_a because_o the_o rain_n wash_v it_o will_v carry_v the_o strength_n downward_o so_o that_o it_o will_v fatten_v the_o earth_n as_o it_o go_v and_o where_o marle_n be_v want_v fuller_n earth_n be_v a_o excellent_a soil_n to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o it_o beat_v these_o with_o a_o beetle_n or_o maul_n as_o small_a as_o you_o can_v and_o for_o this_o sort_n of_o barren_a land_n though_o in_o clay_n it_o be_v nought_o you_o may_v use_v chalk_n or_o lime-stone_n which_o much_o comfort_n it_o strengthen_v and_o knit_v the_o ground_n together_o and_o have_v thus_o do_v when_o seedtime_n come_v plough_v it_o again_o deep_a that_o the_o new-broke-up_a earth_n may_v mix_v with_o the_o old_a and_o lime_n it_o a_o little_a for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n require_v not_o so_o much_o of_o that_o as_o the_o clay_n ground_n this_o ground_n will_v bear_v wheat_n well_o but_o be_v most_o attribute_v to_o rye_n which_o will_v grow_v on_o it_o in_o abundance_n if_o you_o sow_v wheat_n steep_v it_o in_o salt-water_n and_o for_o the_o other_o mix_v a_o little_a bay-salt_n with_o it_o when_o you_o sow_v it_o the_o weed_n this_o kind_n of_o ground_n be_v most_o subject_a to_o be_v wild_a harbottle_n chessbele_n gipsie-flower_n and_o the_o like_a which_o may_v be_v take_v out_o by_o draw_v up_o the_o root_n or_o cut_v off_o the_o stalk_v close_o by_o the_o ground_n the_o ground_n thus_o order_v will_v bear_v wheat_n or_o rye_n three_o year_n and_o after_o that_o barley_n with_o once_o plough_v the_o five_o year_n oat_n the_o six_o and_o seven_o excellent_a lupin_n and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v good_a pasture_n three_o or_o four_o year_n after_o which_o you_o must_v dress_v it_o as_o before_o to_o recover_v its_o heart_n and_o strength_n chap._n xii_o of_o order_v and_o dress_n barren_a sand_n overrun_v with_o heath_n fearn_n braken_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n etc._n etc._n this_o sort_n of_o ground_n be_v more_o dry_a loose_a and_o harsh_a than_o the_o former_a and_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o fertility_n mow_v down_o the_o encumber_a weed_n as_o close_o as_o may_v be_v and_o note_v if_o they_o be_v high_a it_o show_v the_o ground_n of_o some_o strength_n but_o if_o low_a weak_a and_o out_o of_o heart_n lay_v they_o thin_a and_o turn_v the_o weed_n you_o mow_v down_o that_o they_o may_v dry_v and_o when_o they_o rustle_v that_o you_o may_v crumble_v they_o bring_v your_o plough_n and_o turn_v up_o your_o furrow_n that_o it_o may_v lie_v flat_a to_o the_o ground_n one_o green_a swarth_a against_o another_o then_o observe_v how_o broad_a your_o furrow_n so_o turn_v up_o be_v or_o the_o ground_n so_o cover_v and_o leave_v so_o much_o space_n unplough_v between_o furrow_n and_o furrow_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o green_a balk_v and_o a_o furrow_n and_o have_v go_v over_o the_o land_n in_o this_o manner_n take_v a_o paring-shovel_n and_o pare_v up_o the_o furrow_n about_o two_o inch_n thick_a in_o piece_n of_o three_o foot_n in_o length_n make_v they_o in_o little_a hollow_a hill_n about_o a_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o ti_o l_o they_o be_v dry_v well_o in_o the_o sun_n or_o wind_n and_o place_v the_o earthy_a part_n upward_o put_v dry_v fern_n under_o they_o and_o set_v they_o on_o fire_n when_o that_o be_v do_v and_o the_o earthy_a part_n sufficient_o parch_v hack_v over_o the_o furrow_n that_o be_v turn_v up_o then_o beat_v and_o spread_v the_o ash_n and_o burn_a clumper_n over_o the_o ground_n mix_v it_o well_o with_o the_o mould_n than_o marle_n it_o plentiful_o which_o do_v plough_v it_o over_o again_o very_a well_o leave_v nothing_o unturned_a up_o and_o then_o the_o fresh_a ground_n mix_v with_o the_o rest_n will_v augment_v to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o this_o plough_v shall_v proper_o be_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o june_n the_o ground_n thus_o dress_v lime_n it_o a_o little_a and_o this_o lime_a will_n much_o abate_v the_o growth_n of_o weed_n or_o any_o other_o encumbrance_n its_o acute_a quality_n dead_v the_o root_n and_o above_o all_o be_v a_o great_a enemy_n to_o thistle_n which_o fern_n ground_n natural_o alter_v into_o after_o this_o it_o require_v a_o three_o plough_v very_o deep_a and_o harrow_v it_o well_o but_o my_o advice_n be_v not_o for_o sow_v wheat_n on_o this_o sort_n of_o ground_n it_o not-being_a proper_a for_o it_o unless_o a_o little_a on_o the_o best_a part_n of_o it_o for_o the_o supply_n of_o your_o family_n because_o it_o have_v not_o much_o more_o strength_n than_o the_o manure_n allow_v it_o but_o it_o will_v bear_v excellent_a rye_n the_o first_o three_o year_n and_o the_o four_o barley_n and_o three_o year_n after_o tolerable_a good_a oat_n the_o eight_o year_n you_o may_v sow_v fetch_n or_o lupin_n and_o for_o three_o year_n after_o it_o will_v be_v tolerable_a good_a grass_n with_o a_o little_a manure_n of_o dung_n or_o slimy_a fat_a cast_v of_o ditch_n or_o pond_n you_o must_v after_o sow_v harrow_n it_o well_o and_o close_o it_o for_o though_o it_o be_v sand_n the_o marl_n and_o lime_n will_v make_v it_o cling_v hard_a together_o the_o weed_n that_o after_o this_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o spring_v up_o with_o the_o corn_n be_v fern_n and_o thistle_n where_o the_o lime_n have_v not_o strength_n to_o settle_v and_o destroy_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o appear_v pull_v they_o up_o and_o lay_v they_o on_o heap_n to_o rot_v and_o make_v dung_n chap._n xiii_o of_o order_v and_o enrich_v barren_a land_n subject_a to_o wild_a briar_n twitch_n and_o bush_n etc._n etc._n these_o land_n remain_v in_o their_o nature_n unprofitable_a art_n and_o industry_n be_v require_v to_o render_v they_o advantageous_a to_o the_o owner_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n cut_v up_o these_o shrub_n or_o under_o wood_n as_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n as_o may_v be_v then_o stub_n up_o the_o root_n very_o clean_o and_o they_o will_v in_o a_o manner_n recompense_v the_o labour_n in_o serve_v for_o fuel_n or_o mend_v hedge_n then_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o strong_a harrow_n go_v over_o the_o ground_n and_o lay_v weight_n on_o they_o to_o press_v the_o hard_a on_o the_o surface_n tear_v up_o the_o twitch-briar_n that_o have_v escape_v your_o fight_n as_o also_o the_o rough_a grass_n till_o the_o bare_a earth_n appear_v unlade_v the_o harrow_n as_o they_o be_v cloy_v and_o lay_v the_o refuse_n up_o in_o heap_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o ground_n to_o dry_v and_o then_o bring_v they_o on_o the_o ground_n and_o burn_v they_o spread_v the_o ash_n and_o plough_v they_o in_o leave_v no_o part_n of_o the_o ash_n untouched_a with_o your_o plough_n hack_v it_o small_a and_o let_v it_o be_v run_v over_o by_o child_n or_o other_o at_o a_o small_a rate_n to_o gather_v up_o all_o the_o remain_a fibre_n or_o root_n that_o appear_v above_o ground_n burn_v they_o also_o and_o scatter_v the_o ash_n on_o the_o land_n to_o manure_v this_o sort_n of_o ground_n the_o best_a manure_n experience_n approve_v of_o be_v horse_n or_o ox-dung_n straw_n rot_v in_o stable_n or_o cow-house_n with_o the_o scour_v of_o the_o yard_n where_o sink_n come_v and_o cattle_n or_o poultry_n trample_v and_o likewise_o the_o scour_n of_o muddy_a ditch_n pond_n brook_n lake_n where_o there_o be_v fat_a slime_n which_o be_v know_v by_o willow_n grow_v and_o thrive_v about_o they_o mingle_v tâ—is_n with_o the_o first_o manure_n then_o harrow_v it_o even_o and_o sow_v it_o after_o that_o harrow_n it_o again_o well_o and_o it_o will_v produce_v exceed_o rich_a maslin_n or_o mixture_n of_o one_o part_v wheat_n and_o two_o of_o rye_n for_o then_o
hertford-shire_n and_o many_o other_o upland_n counties_n very_o useful_a upon_o flinty_a and_o stoney_n ground_n as_o also_o in_o hard_a gravel_n or_o any_o other_o hard_a ground_n whatsoever_o after_o it_o come_v to_o exceed_v its_o natural_a temper_n it_o be_v usual_o draw_v with_o horse_n or_o ox_n in_o double-geer_n two_o abreast_n and_o so_o indeed_o they_o draw_v the_o strong_a though_o they_o injure_v the_o ground_n the_o more_o by_o tread_v therefore_o it_o be_v my_o opinion_n in_o wet_a season_n they_o may_v be_v put_v to_o draw_v single_a in_o length_n of_o the_o double-wheel_n plough_n this_o double-wheel-plough_n be_v best_a make_v of_o a_o strong_a short_a cleave_a ash_n about_o six_o foot_n in_o length_n the_o beam_n require_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o other_o in_o the_o compass_n of_o it_o the_o crook_n or_o compass_n must_v look_v upward_o and_o the_o land-handles_a be_v to_o be_v place_v at_o the_o great_a or_o nether-end_n of_o the_o beam_n as_o in_o other_o plough_n for_o it_o usual_o be_v make_v with_o one_o handle_n and_o the_o plough-staff_n be_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o furrow-handle_a and_o in_o length_n answerable_a to_o the_o proper_a handle_n which_o tend_v much_o to_o the_o easy_a and_o certain_a hold_v of_o the_o plough_n make_v the_o sheath_n of_o the_o tough_a of_o young_a ash_n well_o season_v set_v with_o a_o very_a good_a mortice_n much_o forward_o let_v the_o joint_n be_v true_a and_o well_o close_v unto_o the_o beam_n drive_v up_o hard_o with_o a_o braget_n behind_o it_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o decline_a so_o that_o in_o the_o strong_a land_n it_o be_v to_o cope_v with_o all_o it_o may_v stand_v well_o to_o its_o work_n let_v the_o head_n be_v pitch_v as_o strong_o as_o may_v be_v to_o the_o nether-end_n of_o the_o stilâ—_n and_o sheath_n be_v to_o be_v well_o pin_v through_o both_o and_o the_o share_n must_v be_v pitch_v upon_o the_o head_n at_o a_o very_a deep_a pitch_n and_o somewhat_o hang_v by_o which_o mean_v the_o plough_n will_v go_v much_o ashore_o because_o the_o holder_n usual_o go_v two_o furrow_n off_o the_o plough_n wide_o on_o the_o near_a side_n of_o it_o and_o as_o it_o be_v pitch_v deep_a near_o a_o full_a yard_n so_o it_o be_v likewise_o very_o broad_a be_v near_o half_a ayard_n and_o that_o i_o conceive_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o man_n go_v so_o far_o wide_a of_o the_o plough_n the_o share_n for_o this_o plough_n must_v be_v make_v exceed_o narrow_a yet_o very_o strong_a and_o run_v out_o to_o a_o good_a length_n in_o a_o small_a point_n well_o steâ—led_v and_o sometime_o as_o the_o work_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n require_v it_o you_o may_v add_v a_o tush_o or_o pain_n but_o they_o likewise_o make_v it_o very_o narrow_a and_o so_o it_o must_v consequent_o be_v the_o hardness_n and_o stonyness_n of_o the_o land_n not_o admit_v of_o it_o as_o for_o the_o coulter_n it_o must_v stand_v a_o little_a above_o the_o share_n point_n not_o before_o but_o rather_o behind_o it_o the_o wheel_n of_o this_o plough_n that_o proper_o bear_v it_o may_v be_v about_o 18_o or_o 20_o inch_n high_a and_o make_v of_o about_o six_o spoak_n of_o wood_n or_o iron_n well_o fasten_v into_o a_o nath_n or_o short_a hub_n of_o wood_n and_o a_o bark_n hoop_n or_o iron_n bind_v round_o about_o they_o and_o to_o run_v on_o a_o iron_n spindle_n about_o two_o foot_n long_o run_v round_o in_o a_o bolster_n bear_v by_o the_o iron_n spindle_n three_o or_o four_o inch_n thick_a lie_v between_o the_o wheel_n fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o inch_n or_o somewhat_o more_o in_o length_n and_o 18_o or_o 20_o inch_n at_o least_o in_o height_n stand_v up_o to_o bear_v the_o plough-beam_n and_o upon_o that_o bolster_n must_v go_v up_o a_o iron_n pin_n 8_o or_o 9_o inch_n above_o the_o beam_n to_o gage_v it_o as_o to_o iâ—s_n true_a depth_n and_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bolster_n must_v be_v fasten_v a_o iron_n chain_v backward_o with_o a_o strong_a iron_n collar_n much_o in_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o round_a ring_n which_o compass_v the_o beam_n be_v movable_a that_o as_o it_o be_v put_v forward_o or_o backward_o the_o plough_n may_v go_v shallow_a or_o deep_o as_o the_o occasion_n require_v and_o may_v be_v hold_v in_o its_o place_n by_o a_o iron_n hammer_n the_o helve_z or_o shaft_n be_v all_o solid_a and_o by_o take_v it_o out_o and_o put_v it_o in_o to_o take_v up_o or_o let_v down_o at_o pleasure_n and_o as_o the_o plough_n at_o the_o land_n end_n turn_v out_o of_o work_n it_o must_v have_v some_o strong_a cord_n or_o whitleather_n to_o come_v up_o from_o the_o bolster_n to_o keep_v the_o beam_n from_o drip_v off_o be_v empty_a this_o wheel-plough_n require_v a_o considerable_a strength_n to_o manage_v it_o well_o because_o of_o the_o considerable_a length_n they_o be_v make_v of_o which_o carry_v in_o work_v a_o considerable_a weight_n of_o earth_n upon_o it_o add_v very_o much_o to_o the_o burden_n of_o it_o which_o in_o some_o degree_n may_v be_v remedy_v by_o contract_v these_o hough_n unto_o a_o short_a or_o narrow_a compass_n and_o take_v off_o as_o much_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o iron_n as_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o work_n will_v bear_v upon_o which_o it_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v of_o the_o turn-wrest-plough_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o double-wheel-plough_n call_v the_o turn-wr_a plough_n most_o common_o call_v the_o kentish-plough_n as_o be_v very_o much_o in_o use_n in_o that_o county_n this_o be_v a_o plough_n who_o beam_n may_v be_v make_v of_o any_o wood_n for_o the_o bigness_n of_o it_o but_o ash_n i_o account_v the_o best_a but_o the_o two_o handle_n may_v be_v make_v of_o one_o fork_a piece_n of_o any_o wood_n and_o the_o beam_n tennant_v into_o the_o stilt_n before_o the_o fork_n run_v down_o into_o the_o plough-head_n and_o as_o for_o the_o sheath_n it_o must_v be_v a_o good_a strong_a piece_n of_o well-seasoned_n ash_n tennant_v into_o the_o beam_n direct_o downright_a yet_o look_v forward_o at_o the_o nether-end_n and_o somewhat_o fix_v into_o the_o head_n as_o other_o plough_n be_v however_o the_o sheath_n downward_o must_v be_v far_o big_a and_o the_o head_n of_o it_o pitch_v at_o a_o very_a great_a depth_n or_o else_o at_o random_n for_o depth_n be_v carry_v with_o two_o wheel_n but_o nothing_o like_o so_o near_o and_o easy_a as_o the_o beforementioned_a two_o wheeled-plough_n for_o breadth_n it_o must_v be_v pitch_v under_o the_o beam_n upon_o a_o straight_a line_n nor_o be_v there_o to_o be_v any_o shield_n or_o breast-board_n on_o either_o side_n the_o plough_n as_o other_o plough_n have_v but_o a_o little_a piece_n of_o wood_n set_v along_o the_o sheath_n forward_o about_o three_o inch_n broad_a close_v upon_o the_o share_n just_a as_o if_o you_o be_v to_o cut_v a_o dye_n in_o the_o midst_n from_o corner_n to_o corner_n and_o place_v the_o flat-side_n to_o the_o sheath_n and_o the_o edge_n forward_o which_o be_v to_o be_v the_o breast-board_n as_o for_o the_o share_n it_o be_v to_o be_v put_v on_o the_o plough-head_n with_o a_o phan_n half_o round_o upward_o and_o flat_a downward_o and_o aught_o to_o be_v rush_v a_o little_a on_o both_o side_n as_o the_o ordinary_a plough_n be_v and_o so_o it_o be_v to_o run_v out_o to_o a_o sharp_a point_n some_o of_o these_o plough_n be_v make_v with_o one_o wrest_v other_o with_o two_o and_o the_o latter_a i_o account_v the_o best_a and_o sure_a and_o these_o wrist_n be_v to_o be_v put_v upon_o pin_n one_o in_o the_o sheath_n stand_v immediate_o under_o the_o breast-board_n and_o the_o other_o unto_o a_o long_a pin_n or_o round_a stâ—ff_n fix_v unto_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o handle_n as_o wide_o as_o the_o furrow_n and_o this_o wrest_v may_v be_v only_o a_o round_a stick_n about_o two_o fâ—ot_n long_o or_o as_o some_o have_v it_o a_o half_a round_o with_o two_o hole_n to_o put_v the_o aforesaid_a pin_n into_o and_o at_o every_o land_n â—nd_n this_o wrest_v must_v be_v turn_v on_o the_o other_o side_n so_o where_o there_o be_v two_o they_o must_v both_o be_v likewise_o alter_v and_o one_o place_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o other_o and_o the_o high_a be_v to_o be_v place_v broad_a by_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a two_o inch_n and_o sometime_o three_o inch_n than_o the_o lowermost_a that_o so_o it_o may_v cleverly_o and_o clean_o cast_v the_o furrow_n over_o as_o for_o the_o coulter_n it_o must_v be_v movable_a in_o the_o coulter-hole_n that_o be_v make_v very_o wide_a at_o every_o land_n end_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n there_o must_v be_v a_o strong_a ground-oak_n plant_v about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a over_o very_o tough_a and_o
for_o plough_v a_o man_n may_v in_o light_n sandy_a ground_n turn_v up_o two_o or_o three_o acre_n with_o one_o team_n in_o a_o day_n when_o in_o stiff_a clayey_a ground_n one_o and_o a_o half_a â—s_n a_o sufficient_a day_n work_n and_o in_o very_o light_a ground_n four_o at_o the_o least_o and_o what_o be_v sow_v nay_o be_v harrow_v the_o same_o day_n a_o able_a man_n expert_a in_o mow_v may_v well_o mow_v in_o a_o good_a deep_a loggy_a meadow_n or_o a_o rough_a and_o uneven_a meadow_n about_o a_o acre_n and_o a_o half_a in_o a_o day_n and_o of_o short_a thin_a upland_n meadow_n at_o least_o two_o acre_n each_o day_n as_o for_o move_a barley_n or_o oat_n if_o they_o be_v loggy_a thick_a and_o beat_v down_o to_o the_o earth_n make_v fair_a work_n and_o not_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o the_o ear_n leave_v the_o srtaw_fw-mi still_o grow_v one_o acre_n and_o a_o half_a a_o day_n but_o if_o it_o be_v thick_a and_o upright_o than_o two_o acre_n or_o two_o and_o a_o half_a may_v be_v reasonable_o mow_v if_o the_o corn_n be_v short_a and_o thin_a than_o he_o may_v mow_v three_o and_o somewhat_o more_o without_o overlabouring_a of_o bean_n he_o may_v mow_v as_o much_o and_o of_o pease_n and_o bean_n have_v a_o hook_n to_o follow_v he_o no_o less_o for_o this_o be_v a_o work_n the_o least_o troublesome_a as_o for_o reap_v one_o man_n with_o a_o hinder_v may_v compass_v a_o acre_n of_o wheat_n or_o rye_n in_o a_o day_n if_o it_o be_v choice_a good_a and_o well_o stand_v but_o if_o flat_v or_o beat_v down_o then_o three_o rood_n be_v very_o reasonable_a and_o five_o rood_n if_o it_o be_v thin_a and_o upright_a of_o small_a pease_n fetch_n and_o the_o like_a he_o may_v cut_v up_o two_o acre_n a_o day_n as_o for_o the_o gather_n and_o in_v of_o grain_n it_o can_v be_v well_o proportion_v because_o ground_n bear_v more_o or_o less_o the_o inning_n may_v be_v at_o a_o near_o or_o far_a distance_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v leave_v this_o to_o the_o master_n care_n or_o such_o as_o he_o shall_v appoint_v to_o see_v it_o hasten_v with_o as_o much_o convenient_a speed_n as_o may_v be_v in_o thrash_a corn_n care_n as_o well_o as_o haste_n must_v be_v observe_v and_o if_o the_o corn_n be_v full_a and_o clean_o free_a from_o any_o abuse_n or_o poverty_n in_o the_o grain_n a_o man_n may_v thrash_n and_o order_n four_o bushel_n in_o a_o day_n of_o wheat_n or_o rye_n six_o of_o oat_n or_o barley_n eight_o of_o pease_n or_o bean_n especial_o if_o the_o pease_n be_v full_a and_o in_o plenty_n otherwise_o he_o can_v thrash_v so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o of_o any_o other_o pulse_n for_o though_o they_o require_v as_o many_o stroke_n and_o as_o much_o turn_n yet_o they_o yield_v not_o and_o labour_n be_v bestow_v of_o they_o when_o they_o answer_v it_o not_o as_o for_o the_o labour_n of_o ditch_v a_o man_n may_v in_o one_o day_n ditch_n and_o quickset_n of_o a_o reasonable_a ditch_n three_o foot_n deep_a and_o four_o broad_a a_o rod_n or_o pole_n allow_v sixteen_o foot_n to_o the_o pole_n and_o so_o less_o ground_n of_o large_a measure_n less_o proportionable_a to_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o fence_n undertake_v as_o for_o hedging_n if_o it_o be_v substantial_a and_o good_a viz._n five_o foot_n high_a well_o bound_v thick_o stock_v and_o close_o lay_v two_o pole_n or_o rod_n in_o a_o day_n be_v sufficient_a but_o thin_a and_o low_a then_o double_a or_o equivolent_a to_o a_o proportion_n plash_v and_o make_v quick-fence_n be_v another_o labour_n which_o to_o well_o order_n if_o the_o growth_n be_v high_a and_o well_o grow_v you_o must_v lay_v it_o thick_a and_o close_o strong_o bind_v in_o the_o top_n turn_v the_o quick_a downward_o and_o inward_a and_o of_o this_o a_o rod_n a_o day_n be_v a_o good_a day_n work_n but_o if_o he_o plash_n it_o down_o and_o only_o lie_v it_o along_o regard_v more_o thickness_n than_o comeliness_n or_o order_n than_o he_o may_v do_v as_o much_o more_o with_o ease_n and_o indeed_o the_o care_n of_o fence_v in_o enclose_a country_n be_v one_o principal_a matter_n for_o a_o good_a fence_n once_o make_v and_o settle_v save_v a_o man_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o labour_n and_o trouble_v as_o for_o delve_v or_o ditch_v which_o some_o ground_n require_v where_o wood_n have_v be_v grub_v up_o and_o not_o well_o clear_v of_o the_o spread_a fibre_n of_o the_o root_n then_o of_o very_o difficult_a ground_n if_o it_o be_v to_o level_v he_o may_v dig_v a_o rod_n in_o a_o day_n but_o if_o he_o dig_v very_o deep_a and_o trench_v it_o or_o manure_v it_o as_o be_v proper_a than_o three_o part_n of_o a_o rod_n be_v sufficient_a for_o as_o ordinary_a delve_v require_v but_o one_o spade_n graft_n extraordinary_a to_o take_v up_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o ground_n require_v much_o more_o chap._n xxvii_o the_o variation_n of_o soil_n in_o the_o several_a county_n require_v different_a measure_n to_o be_v take_v in_o agriculture_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v proper_a in_o this_o place_n to_o be_v consider_v that_o there_o be_v a_o variation_n in_o husbandry_n according_a to_o the_o country_n and_o therefore_o there_o may_v be_v difference_n in_o rule_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o divers_a place_n according_a to_o air_n and_o earth_n and_o the_o greatness_n or_o smallness_n of_o the_o heat_n or_o as_o moisture_n and_o cold_a do_v decrease_v or_o diminish_v and_o to_o these_o must_v the_o husbandman_n tune_v his_o season_n labour_n and_o instrument_n for_o in_o stiff_a clay_n of_o which_o all_o the_o fruitful_a valley_n of_o thiâ—_n kingdom_n be_v compose_v as_o also_o in_o huntingtonshire_n cambridge_n shire_n bedford-shire_n and_o many_o other_o all_o manner_n of_o arable_a business_n must_v be_v begin_v early_o in_o the_o year_n and_o the_o plough_n and_o instrument_n to_o be_v use_v make_v of_o the_o large_a size_n the_o timber_n strong_a and_o the_o labour_n great_a and_o painful_a so_o also_o in_o soil_n that_o be_v mix_v and_o very_o good_a and_o fruitful_a as_o hertford-shire_n northamptonshire_n and_o most_o part_n of_o berk_n shire_n essex_n and_z kent_z with_o other_o country_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n arable_a labour_n ought_v to_o begin_v in_o the_o latter_a season_n and_o the_o instrument_n and_o plough_n make_v of_o a_o middle_a size_n and_o the_o timber_n indifferent_a and_o less_o labour_n will_v serve_v than_o in_o the_o former_a but_o the_o light_a sandy_a ground_n have_v a_o natural_a fruitfulness_n in_o they_o as_o surry_n suffolk_n norfolk_z and_o many_o part_n of_o lincolnshire_n hanpshire_n etc._n etc._n the_o arable_a toil_n may_v begin_v at_o the_o last_o season_n and_o plough_n with_o instrument_n may_v be_v of_o the_o small_a and_o light_a size_n the_o timber_n smale_a than_o the_o former_a and_o the_o labour_n less_o as_o for_o all_o barren_a unfruitful_a earth_n as_o in_o cornwall_n devonshire_n many_o part_n of_o wales_n yorkshire_n cheshire_n lancashire_n and_o derbyshire_n and_o the_o like_a the_o plough_v and_o order_v be_v to_o be_v in_o a_o fit_a season_n according_a to_o the_o temperateness_n of_o the_o weather_n which_o if_o it_o happen_v early_o you_o must_v begin_v your_o labour_n at_o latter_a season_n and_o there_o be_v no_o true_a proportion_n to_o be_v give_v here_o for_o the_o plough_n and_o instrument_n but_o they_o must_v be_v frame_v according_a as_o the_o ground_n be_v strong_a or_o weak_a and_o therefore_o rather_o follow_v reason_n in_o these_o thing_n than_o custom_n and_o then_o by_o experience_n you_o will_v find_v less_o labour_n and_o better_a thrive_n chap._n xxviii_o what_o be_v require_v in_o husbandry_n in_o order_n to_o ox_n and_o horse_n for_o tilling_n of_o land_n various_o situate_a etc._n etc._n as_o for_o the_o office_n and_o duty_n of_o a_o husbandman_n it_o require_v great_a care_n and_o diligence_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v speak_v something_o far_o of_o it_o than_o yet_o i_o have_v do_v and_o first_o to_o lay_v his_o land_n to_o his_o own_o profit_n and_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o labour_a cattle_n let_v he_o observe_v if_o his_o arable_a land_n shall_v lie_v against_o the_o side_n of_o any_o steep_a hill_n as_o most_o barren_a land_n do_v not_o then_o plough_v such_o land_n direct_o against_o the_o hill_n begin_v below_o and_o so_o ascend_v upward_o if_o the_o assent_n be_v not_o very_o easy_a for_o this_o will_v so_o weary_a your_o cattle_n and_o make_v they_o irksome_a that_o they_o never_o go_v through_o it_o if_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n considerable_a and_o the_o beat_n and_o toil_v they_o will_v surfeit_v and_o spoil_v they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_n in_o such_o ground_n plough_v it_o sideways_o overthwart_a the_o hill_n that_o your_o beast_n may_v tread_v on_o the_o level_a ground_n and_o
so_o shall_v the_o compost_n and_o manure_v which_o be_v lay_v on_o not_o be_v soon_o wash_v away_o from_o the_o upper_a part_n because_o the_o furrow_n not_o lie_v straight_o downward_o the_o wash_n of_o the_o rain_n stop_v and_o can_v descend_v and_o so_o the_o soil_n be_v keep_v in_o in_o the_o next_o place_n it_o be_v a_o husbandman_n care_n to_o know_v what_o cattle_n be_v fit_a for_o draught_n and_o the_o tillage_n of_o his_o ground_n whether_o ox_n or_o horse_n or_o both_o of_o they_o together_o in_o cold_a stony_a mountianous_a country_n horse_n be_v prefer_v though_o in_o most_o county_n ox_n be_v sure_a and_o of_o great_a value_n in_o this_o labour_n as_o be_v steady_a very_o strong_a and_o sober_a in_o their_o pace_n so_o that_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v plough_v deep_a and_o careful_o and_o beside_o when_o their_o labour_n be_v do_v they_o turn_v to_o advantage_n by_o their_o hide_n flesh_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o many_o county_n horse_n be_v prefer_v because_o they_o serve_v for_o other_o use_n not_o proper_a to_o those_o and_o endure_v wet_a and_o hardship_n better_o and_o indeed_o in_o drive_v if_o you_o make_v that_o speed_n with_o your_o ox_n as_o you_o do_v with_o your_o horse_n you_o will_v not_o only_o tire_v overheat_v bruise_v and_o spoil_v they_o but_o render_v they_o unfit_a for_o labour_n or_o feed_v but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o sufficient_a stock_n to_o keep_v ox_n and_o horse_n put_v the_o first_o to_o plough_v near_o home_o and_o keep_v they_o to_o their_o moderate_a pace_n only_o and_o they_o will_v do_v well_o enough_o and_o let_v the_o letter_n draw_v the_o cart_n or_o be_v use_v at_o the_o plough_n where_o expedition_n be_v require_v according_a to_o the_o road_n or_o ground_n as_o the_o country_n lay_v or_o the_o fashion_n use_v among_o your_o neighbour_n though_o i_o can_v consent_v that_o custom_n be_v so_o much_o to_o be_v follow_v as_o some_o plead_v for_o if_o it_o be_v disonant_a to_o reason_n and_o true_a experience_n therefore_o industrious_a husbandman_n try_v many_o way_n and_o stick_v to_o that_o which_o redound_v to_o their_o best_a advantage_n chap._n xxix_o proper_a thing_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o do_v throughout_o the_o twelve_o month_n in_o the_o year_n there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o which_o a_o husbandman_n ought_v to_o have_v regard_n to_o and_o that_o be_v proper_a season_n of_o the_o year_n for_o particular_a labour_n and_o these_o i_o shall_v brief_o set_v down_o as_o far_o as_o they_o concern_v the_o present_a discourse_n in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n if_o you_o live_v in_o a_o good_a fertile_a soil_n among_o rich_a simple_a clay_n in_o the_o first_o place_n plough_v up_o the_o pease-ground_n that_o it_o may_v lie_v to_o take_v bait_n before_o it_o be_v sow_o but_o if_o in_o fruitful_a and_o well-mixed_a soil_n then_o in_o this_o month_n if_o the_o wether_n be_v open_a water_z such_o pasture_n and_o meadow-ground_n as_o require_v it_o drain_n and_o make_v dry_a arable-land_n especial_o where_o you_o be_v to_o sow_v pease_n oat_n or_o barley_n the_o follow_a seedtime_n stub_n up_o the_o rough_a ground_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v the_o year_n follow_v and_o for_o your_o own_o health_n keep_v warm_a your_o body_n feed_v on_o good_a wholesome_a diet_n and_o rather_o with_o exercise_n than_o sauce_n whet_v and_o increase_v your_o appetite_n in_o february_n set_v or_o sow_v all_o sort_n of_o bean_n pease_n and_o other_o pulse_n and_o the_o stiff_a your_o ground_n be_v begin_v your_o arable_a toil_n the_o soon_o forbear_n mentz_n that_o be_v slimey_a take_v heed_n of_o cold_a and_o plegmatick_a humour_n and_o if_o need_v or_o any_o accident_n require_v bath_n and_o purge_v and_o if_o the_o wether_n be_v suitable_a you_o may_v bleed_v but_o not_o too_o lavish_o in_o march_n end_v the_o sow_a season_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o small_a pulse_n and_o begin_v barley_n rye_n and_o oat_n the_o rye_n must_v be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v march_n rye_n this_o month_n if_o necessity_n require_v it_o you_o may_v often_o bathe_v but_o not_o bleed_v unless_o it_o be_v upon_o extremity_n purge_v gentle_o and_o let_v your_o diet_n be_v temperate_a and_o cool_a april_n require_v you_o to_o finish_v up_o your_o barley_n seedtime_n and_o order_v your_o ground_n for_o the_o sow_v of_o hemp_n and_o flax_n cut_v down_o great_a oak-timber_n that_o the_o bark_n may_v the_o better_o rise_v scour_v pond_n and_o ditch_n and_o gather_v what_o manure_n you_o can_v to_o your_o lay-stall_n lay_v your_o meadow_n slight_a and_o your_o corn-ground_n gather_v stone_n from_o off_o the_o land_n set_v osier_n and_o willow_n to_o make_v good_a your_o fence_n cast_v up_o bank_n and_o ruin_n for_o the_o repair_n of_o all_o decay_a fence_n and_o where_o health_n require_v it_o purge_n bath_n or_o bleed_v use_v moderate_a exercise_n which_o stir_v the_o humour_n in_o the_o body_n and_o cause_v a_o healthful_a constitution_n with_o the_o use_n of_o temperate_a meat_n and_o drink_v which_o nature_n belong_v after_o in_o may_v sow_v barley_n upon_o all_o light_n sands_n and_o burn_a ground_n as_o also_o flax_n hemp_n and_o tender_a seed_n summer-stir_a your_o mix_a earth_n fallow_a your_o stiff_a clay_n soil_n all_o light_n and_o loose_a sand_n as_o for_o barren_a earth_n prepare_v it_o for_o rye_n and_o wheat_n stub_n the_o root_n of_o broom_n or_o fern_n goss_n or_o fur_n burn_v bait_n begin_v to_o fold_v your_o sheep_n carry_v out_o manure_v and_o bring_v home_n fence_v and_o fuel_n weed_v winter-corn_n cut_v all_o sort_n of_o grass_n either_o in_o father_n or_o pasture_n for_o your_o health_n use_v drink_v that_o will_v cool_v and_o purge_v the_o blood_n in_o june_n carry_v marle_n sand_n lime_n and_o other_o manure_n of_o any_o kind_n to_o the_o land_n lay_v up_o store_n of_o 〈◊〉_d shear_v your_o fat_a sort_n of_o sheep_n early_o cut_v rank_n low_a meadow_n and_o for_o health_n be_v temperate_a in_o diet._n in_o july_n take_v seasonable_a wether_n for_o your_o hay_n harvest_n for_o there_o be_v much_o discomodity_n and_o loss_n in_o neglect_n summer-stir_a rich_a stiff_a ground_n latter-soil_n all_o loose_a hot_a sand_n soil_n all_o mix_a ground_n fence_v up_o your_o copice_n graze_v your_o elder_a underwoods_n and_o bring_v home_o all_o field-timber_n as_o for_o health_n abstain_v from_o bleed_v and_o purge_v unless_o in_o necessitous_a case_n be_v not_o over-venerous_a nor_o meddle_v not_o with_o superfluity_n of_o strong_a liquor_n in_o august_n apply_v yourself_o to_o take_v the_o best_a seasonable_a time_n for_o your_o corn-harvest_n mow_v rye_n wheat_n barley_n and_o oat_n and_o be_v moderate_a in_o all_o your_o diet_n labour_n and_o exercise_n for_o this_o month_n be_v full_a of_o disease_n very_o dangerous_a to_o life_n in_o september_n cut_v up_o your_o bean_n pease_n and_o all_o other_o pulse_n and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o your_o harvest_n manure_v your_o wheat-land_n sow_v rye_n and_o wheat_n in_o rich_a and_o barren_a ground_n thatch_n your_o stack_n of_o wheat_n thrash_v wheat_n and_o rye_n and_o order_v all_o your_o necessary_a affair_n abroad_o that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v hinder_v by_o overflowing_n occasion_v by_o great_a rain_n or_o fall_a snow_n or_o the_o break_n of_o the_o ground_n into_o deep_a way_n for_o healths-sake_n this_o month_n physic_n moderate_o forbear_v eat_v too_o much_o fruit_n especial_o those_o that_o be_v too_o lucious_a lest_o they_o infect_v the_o blood_n and_o create_v disease_n and_o be_v temperate_a in_o meat_n and_o drink_n in_o october_n finish_v your_o wheat-sowing_a scour_v ditch_n and_o pond_n for_o manure_v pluâ—h_n hedges_n and_o set_v quickset_n make_v a_o end_n of_o winter-ridging_a draw_v furrow_n to_o keep_v dry_a by_o well-draining_a your_o new-sown_a corn_n make_v store_n of_o malt._n for_o health_n take_v moderate_a physic_n from_o a_o skilful_a land_n use_v moderate_a recreation_n and_o feed_v well_o on_o wholesome_a diet._n in_o november_n it_o be_v proper_a to_o sow_v either_o rye_n or_o wheat_n in_o very_o hot_a soil_n cut_v down_o all_o sort_n of_o timber_n for_o plough_n cart_n and_o axletree_n and_o other_o husbandry-utensil_n or_o instrument_n break_v all_o such_o flax_n and_o hemp_n as_o be_v design_v for_o spin_v and_o use_n in_o the_o winter-season_n for_o health_n and_o vigour_n eat_v strong_a wholesome_a meat_n for_o good_a digestion_n and_o unless_o in_o extreme_a case_n there_o be_v neither_o need_n of_o physician_n nor_o physic_n for_o all_o dangerous_a disease_n be_v still_o unless_o excess_n stir_v they_o up_o by_o surfeit_n and_o other_o force_n of_o the_o good_a constitution_n and_o unnatural_a temper_n of_o the_o body_n in_o december_n begin_v to_o plough_v up_o your_o ground_n whereon_o you_o only_o intend_v to_o sow_v clean_a bean_n drain_v your_o cornfield_n if_o it_o be_v open_a wether_n
it_o they_o will_v die_v grasshopper_n in_o some_o measure_n do_v much_o injury_n by_o feed_v on_o the_o leaf_n and_o blossom_n of_o corn_n and_o pulse_n from_o the_o early_a to_o the_o late_a these_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v destroy_v without_o very_o great_a labour_n and_o that_o be_v by_o sprinkle_v the_o corn_n with_o water_n wherein_o wormwood_n rue_n or_o centaury_n have_v be_v boil_v till_o the_o strength_n of_o they_o be_v quite_o take_v out_o by_o the_o water_n and_o if_o they_o bite_v where_o the_o sprinkling_n happen_v they_o will_v die_v and_o the_o scent_n of_o any_o bitter_a thing_n be_v so_o offensive_a to_o they_o that_o they_o be_v never_o sound_v where_o any_o such_o thing_n grow_v mole_n be_v two_o way_n destructive_a to_o corn_n viz._n in_o eat_v the_o root_n and_o root_a it_o up_o not_o make_v distinction_n of_o any_o sort_n but_o take_v all_o alike_o there_o be_v divers_a way_n of_o take_v they_o but_o not_o so_o easy_o when_o the_o corn_n be_v well_o grow_v for_o than_o they_o do_v their_o chief_a mischief_n when_o their_o tract_n or_o the_o cast_n up_o of_o their_o hill_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o discover_v however_o you_o must_v do_v it_o as_o well_o as_o you_o can_v and_o when_o you_o see_v they_o cast_v up_o or_o move_v in_o their_o track_n strike_v they_o with_o a_o iron_n of_o many_o spear_n or_o dig_v pit_n in_o their_o tract_n and_o set_v earthen_a glaze_v pot_n which_o they_o will_v blind_o fall_v into_o and_o can_v scramble_v out_o or_o fill_v a_o earthen_a jugg_n with_o pitch_n rosin_n and_o brimstone_n with_o some_o loose_a tow_n or_o rag_n and_o fire_v it_o clap_v the_o neck_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o hole_n and_o the_o air_n in_o the_o earth_n draw_v the_o scent_n to_o a_o great_a distance_n will_v stifle_v they_o or_o mix_v the_o juice_n of_o hellebore_n with_o rye-meal_n scatter_v little_a bit_n in_o the_o furrow_n and_o find_v it_o in_o their_o way_n they_o will_v greedy_o eat_v it_o and_o die_v chap._n xxxii_o to_o prevent_v smuttiness_n in_o corn_n preserve_v it_o against_o blast_n the_o injury_n of_o black_a frost_n snow-water_n mist_n and_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v order_v when_o reap_v wet_a there_o be_v other_o mischief_n that_o befall_v corn_n though_o not_o from_o live_a creature_n which_o i_o have_v labour_v to_o find_v some_o suitable_a remedy_n for_o in_o the_o try_v many_o experiment_n to_o prevent_v the_o smuttiness_n and_o mildew_n before_o you_o sow_v your_o grain_n sprinkle_v the_o ground_n over_o light_o with_o chalk_n beat_v very_o small_a against_o blast_n the_o proper_a remedy_n be_v hold_v observe_v the_o season_n when_o they_o usual_o happen_v to_o make_v fire_n of_o stubble_n or_o rot_a straw_n and_o burn_v in_o they_o the_o snip_n of_o old_a leather_n the_o shave_n of_o horn_n and_o a_o little_a brimstone_n so_o advantageous_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o a_o small_a gale_n of_o wind_n may_v carry_v the_o smoâ—k_n and_o spread_v it_o among_o the_o corn_n or_o puâ—e_n this_o will_v likewise_o destroy_v fly_n and_o other_o black_a frost_n be_v very_o injurious_a to_o all_o grain_n the_o pierce_a cold_a chill_a or_o kill_v the_o fertile_a heat_n that_o propagate_v the_o growth_n and_o either_o withers_o or_o stint_v it_o if_o it_o be_v extreme_a and_o without_o snow_n to_o bed_v it_o and_o keep_v off_o the_o bleak_a wind_n there_o be_v no_o better_a remedy_n against_o this_o than_o to_o strew_v ash_n over_o your_o land_n either_o wood_n or_o sea_n coal_n and_o they_o add_v much_o heat_n to_o it_o and_o keep_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cold_a some_o throw_v rot_v straw_n over_o it_o but_o that_o prove_v a_o great_a encumbrance_n the_o other_o nourish_v the_o ground_n and_o be_v good_a manure_n for_o barren_a earth_n as_o for_o snow_n lie_v on_o the_o ground_n it_o injure_v not_o the_o corn_n but_o upon_o thaw_v the_o water_n be_v of_o a_o harsh_a allomy_n nature_n much_o injure_v the_o root_n if_o it_o lie_v long_o upon_o it_o and_o the_o best_a way_n to_o prevent_v it_o be_v to_o lay_v your_o land_n high_a your_o furrow_n deep_a and_o to_o have_v suitable_a drain_v to_o the_o lowness_n of_o your_o ground_n to_o drain_v it_o away_o as_o fast_o as_o may_v be_v mist_n and_o fog_n be_v very_o offensive_a where_o they_o be_v great_a or_o rise_v from_o ill-scented_n ground_n especial_o from_o fen_n salt-marsh_n standing-pool_n lake_n etc._n etc._n the_o way_n of_o remedy_v this_o evil_n be_v to_o smoke_v the_o land_n in_o the_o evening_n with_o any_o sort_n of_o fuel_n that_o cast_v a_o gross_a thick_a smoke_n which_o will_v in_o some_o measure_n disperse_v and_o dry_v up_o the_o vapour_n that_o will_v otherways_o by_o fall_v on_o it_o be_v poisonous_a and_o offensive_a to_o the_o corn._n of_o corn_n reap_v wet_a there_o come_v great_a damage_n for_o be_v so_o by_o rain_n and_o not_o time_n give_v it_o to_o dry_v abroad_o or_o by_o the_o unripeness_n or_o too_o greerness_n of_o it_o when_o mow_v if_o the_o heat_n be_v great_a thereby_o contract_v it_o often_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n if_o less_o it_o moulder_n rot_n or_o mould_v the_o straw_n and_o grain_n that_o it_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o value_n you_o may_v know_v when_o the_o corn_n be_v ready_a to_o reap_v by_o the_o much_o bend_n of_o the_o ear_n dryness_n of_o the_o stalk_v and_o hardness_n of_o the_o grain_n then_o if_o you_o see_v any_o weed_n grow_v up_o among_o it_o that_o be_v but_o of_o a_o moderate_a height_n reap_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v to_o take_v in_o the_o less_o weed_n or_o the_o seed_n of_o they_o to_o encumber_v or_o worsen_fw-mi it_o if_o grass_n be_v grow_v high_a among_o it_o and_o you_o can_v avoid_v reap_v it_o with_o the_o corn_n take_v care_n to_o spread_v it_o thin_a before_o you_o sheave_v it_o and_o dry_v it_o well_o in_o the_o sun_n till_o it_o wither_v and_o become_v as_o hay_n very_o dry_a and_o then_o sheave_v it_o up_o and_o shock_n it_o in_o small_a shock_n then_o when_o it_o have_v sweat_v a_o little_a open_v it_o and_o give_v it_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o air_n that_o it_o may_v yet_o be_v more_o dry_a then_o lay_v it_o in_o great_a shock_n and_o let_v it_o sweat_v again_o and_o so_o open_v it_o and_o when_o it_o be_v by_o this_o mean_n well_o open_v and_o dry_v inn_n it_o but_o sometime_o rain_n or_o great_a mist_n cause_n a_o weakness_n if_o it_o be_v before_o the_o reap_v let_v it_o stand_v somewhat_o long_o in_o expectation_n of_o a_o favourable_a season_n but_o if_o your_o expectation_n be_v frustrate_v and_o by_o the_o abundance_n of_o fall_a rain_n the_o corn_n be_v likely_a to_o be_v beat_v down_o grow_v again_o or_o rot_v you_o must_v make_v a_o virtue_n of_o necessity_n reap_v it_o carry_v it_o home_o and_o have_v air_v and_o dry_v a_o little_a under_o shelter_n you_o must_v have_v kill_v to_o dry_v it_o often_o turn_v and_o shift_v the_o sheaf_n and_o when_o it_o be_v dry_a let_v it_o cool_v well_o and_o mow_v it_o up_o light_o that_o the_o air_n may_v come_v plentiful_o among_o it_o leave_v for_o that_o purpose_n a_o hollow_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o mow_n and_o underneath_o and_o so_o it_o will_v be_v keep_v good_a and_o sweet_a chap._n xxxiii_o proper_a direction_n for_o stack_v of_o corn_n in_o the_o true_a method_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o vermin_n fowl_n taking-wet_a or_o mu_v where_o there_o be_v not_o a_o conveniency_n of_o house_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o stack_a corn_n and_o care_n must_v be_v use_v for_o the_o well-ordering_a of_o it_o this_o way_n that_o it_o may_v be_v preserve_v with_o the_o least_o loss_n also_o from_o wet_a and_o mould_v for_o a_o moist_a ground_n if_o the_o stack_n be_v unadvised_o place_v on_o it_o without_o any_o other_o remedy_n will_v spo_n l_o at_o least_o a_o yard_n of_o the_o bottom_n and_o therefore_o you_o must_v make_v and_o raise_v your_o ground_n on_o purpose_n with_o gravel_n sand_n and_o pebble_n or_o other_o stone_n not_o subject_a to_o break_v proportionable_a for_o a_o stack_n either_o round_a or_o a_o square_a or_o triangular_a distant_a from_o eavesdropping_a or_o the_o drip_a of_o tree_n and_o so_o that_o the_o violent_a wind_n can_v blow_v the_o rain_n or_o melting-snow_n off_o from_o they_o though_o they_o stand_v at_o some_o distance_n upon_o the_o stick_n yet_o so_o that_o it_o may_v stand_v safe_a shelter_v from_o high_a turbulent_a wind_n that_o will_v arise_v or_o uncover_v it_o then_o upon_o the_o earth_n so_o raise_v above_o the_o level_n of_o water_n occasion_v overflowing_n by_o sudden_a shower_n make_v four_o piece_n of_o stone_n or_o timber_n like_o block_n broad_a on_o the_o lower-end_n and_o narrow_a on_o the_o
have_v free_a access_n to_o it_o and_o three_o it_o be_v refresh_v by_o the_o toss_n it_o up_o and_o down_o to_o preserve_v rye_n or_o maslin_n or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o muck_n or_o blend-corn_n be_v a_o mixture_n of_o rye_n and_o wheat_n as_o for_o this_o sort_n of_o grain_n or_o for_o rye_n alone_o that_o which_o preserve_v the_o wheat_n will_v preserve_v the_o rye_n for_o they_o be_v grain_n of_o like_a nature_n only_o the_o rye_n be_v somewhat_o hot_a and_o dry_a and_o will_v continue_v good_a in_o moist_a place_n and_o therefore_o the_o plaister-floors_n with_o often_o turn_v be_v the_o proper_a to_o preserve_v it_o it_o will_v also_o do_v well_o in_o close_a hutche_n or_o in_o the_o pipe_n or_o dry-fat_a but_o be_v once_o open_v and_o the_o air_n free_o enter_v among_o it_o exceept_v it_o be_v soon_o spend_v it_o will_v putrify_v or_o taint_v to_o preserve_v oat_n after_o they_o be_v thrash_v and_o dry_v put_v they_o into_o a_o close_a graner_n or_o cask_n free_a from_o moisture_n and_o they_o will_v keep_v many_o year_n and_o oatmeal_n be_v preserve_v the_o same_o way_n though_o it_o be_v proper_a it_o shall_v if_o possible_a have_v some_o air_n of_o the_o fire_n for_o the_o warm_a it_o stand_v the_o long_a it_o will_v continue_v sweet_a and_o good_a as_o for_o the_o well-keeping_a of_o meal_n let_v it_o lie_v about_o a_o fortnight_n in_o the_o bran_n before_o you_o bolt_v it_o and_o then_o you_o will_v have_v near_o half_a a_o peck_n in_o a_o bushel_n more_o than_o if_o you_o have_v bolt_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o ground_n put_v it_o then_o in_o dry_a and_o well-seasoned_n cask_n tread_v it_o in_o by_o degree_n as_o hard_o as_o you_o can_v head_z it_o close_o from_o the_o air_n and_o when_o you_o take_v any_o out_o let_v no_o more_o be_v take_v out_o than_o what_o you_o present_o use_v and_o so_o it_o will_v keep_v well_o a_o long_a time_n but_o if_o it_o have_v come_v by_o sea_n or_o in_o rainy_a damp_n weather_n then_o lay_v it_o abroad_o on_o sheet_n and_o air_n it_o and_o it_o will_v keep_v it_o sweet_a and_o a_o little_a taint_v restore_v it_o to_o preserve_v pease_n or_o fetch_n which_o of_o all_o other_o grain_n be_v most_o subject_a to_o rottenness_n and_o imperfection_n be_v of_o their_o own_o nature_n apt_a to_o breed_v worm_n weavel_n or_o mite_n through_o the_o too_o much_o sweetness_n of_o the_o kernel_n of_o the_o grain_n to_o keep_v they_o then_o long_o and_o good_a condition_v dry_v they_o either_o in_o a_o kiln_n or_o the_o sun_n especial_o those_o you_o use_v for_o diet_n or_o provender_n and_o lay_v they_o in_o graner_n or_o floor_n that_o be_v dry_a and_o they_o will_v last_o sound_n and_o good_a a_o long_a time_n and_o not_o be_v subject_a to_o any_o corruption_n or_o breed_n infect_v lay_v they_o in_o thick_a heap_n and_o so_o they_o will_v be_v preserve_v moist_a the_o long_a time_n for_o if_o they_o be_v too_o much_o dry_v in_o the_o air_n by_o lie_v thin_a it_o take_v away_o part_n of_o their_o sweetness_n and_o goodness_n bean_n be_v another_o commodity_n very_o necessary_a and_o useful_a in_o this_o nation_n and_o therefore_o among_o other_o the_o well-keeping_a and_o preserve_v they_o aught_o to_o be_v consider_v these_o be_v more_o gross_a and_o fat_a than_o any_o i_o have_v heretofore_o speak_v of_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fullness_n of_o their_o substance_n more_o subject_a to_o moisture_n and_o such_o damp_n humour_n as_o corrupt_v they_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o the_o best_a way_n to_o thrash_n any_o more_o than_o what_o be_v for_o present_a use_n till_o the_o middle_n of_o march_n at_o which_o time_n they_o have_v kindly_a sweat_n in_o the_o mow_n or_o stack_n and_o become_v dry_a and_o hard_a not_o apt_a without_o bad_a keep_n to_o relent_v again_o then_o keep_v they_o either_o on_o plaster_n or_o board_v floor_n or_o well-made_a earthen_a one_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o day_n without_o toss_v or_o turn_v lay_v they_o as_o thick_a as_o you_o please_v for_o be_v once_o well_o dry_v they_o will_v not_o relent_v or_o you_o may_v put_v they_o up_o in_o barrel_n especial_o such_o as_o have_v have_v sweet_a oil_n in_o they_o and_o they_o will_v make_v they_o excellent_a good_a for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o kitchen_n if_o they_o be_v close_o cover_v and_o keep_v dry_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o certain_a mellowness_n that_o will_v be_v infuse_v into_o they_o and_o they_o will_v keep_v as_o many_o year_n as_o you_o will_v have_v they_o to_o keep_v and_o preserve_v all_o small_a seed_n of_o any_o nature_n or_o quality_n soever_o gather_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v ripe_a in_o a_o clear_a sun-shiny_a day_n dry_a and_o wither_v they_o in_o the_o shade_n keep_v the_o sun_n and_o moisture_n from_o they_o then_o bound_v they_o up_o in_o bundle_n without_o thrash_v hang_v they_o up_o and_o keep_v they_o in_o their_o own_o cod_n and_o they_o will_v last_v good_a a_o full_a year_n in_o preserve_v of_o lentil_o or_o lupin_n lay_v they_o together_o on_o a_o board_v floor_n in_o large_a broad_a and_o flat_a heap_n two_o foot_n or_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a thick_a sprinkle_v they_o with_o vinegar_n and_o lasarpitum_n and_o not_o any_o change_n of_o wether_n or_o vermin_n will_v do_v they_o hurt_v and_o they_o will_v keep_v many_o year_n and_o although_o these_o be_v seldom_o use_v for_o humane_a food_n yet_o be_v they_o very_o profitable_a for_o the_o well_o feed_v of_o horse_n swine_n and_o other_o domestic_a cattle_n make_v they_o soon_o fat_a than_o any_o other_o ordinary_a pulse_n they_o be_v also_o physical_a and_o good_a for_o many_o medicine_n for_o remedy_v disease_n in_o cattle_n and_o the_o long_o they_o be_v well_o keep_v the_o more_o be_v their_o virtue_n and_o therefore_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v well_o esteem_v among_o other_o grain_n or_o pulse_n chap._n xxxv_o how_o the_o best_a way_n to_o plant_v and_o order_n hop-vine_n to_o a_o great_a increase_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n since_o hops_n though_o former_o not_o esteem_v but_o account_v as_o a_o pernicious_a weed_n have_v in_o the_o latter_a age_n gain_v a_o general_a esteem_n and_o barren_a ground_n may_v be_v great_o improve_v by_o they_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o bestow_v one_o chapter_n in_o this_o book_n in_o direction_n how_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v order_v and_o improve_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n consider_v then_o that_o this_o plant_n be_v very_o tender_a and_o will_v not_o thrive_v to_o any_o advantage_n on_o too_o rich_a or_o too_o poor_a a_o ground_n for_o in_o the_o first_o they_o grow_v up_o to_o rankness_n bring_v forth_o only_o leave_v and_o no_o bell_n in_o the_o second_o very_o few_o leave_n or_o bell_n dwindle_v and_o come_v to_o nothing_o if_o you_o have_v no_o other_o conveniency_n but_o the_o first_o you_o must_v allay_v the_o fatness_n of_o your_o hill_n by_o mix_v chalk_n with_o the_o mould_n or_o small_a gravel_n if_o it_o be_v hazle_v or_o mix_v mould_n and_o if_o it_o be_v stiff_a clay_n then_o with_o good_a store_n of_o red_a sand_n for_o any_o of_o these_o in_o a_o little_a time_n will_v lessen_v fertility_n the_o ground_n be_v free_a from_o water_n it_o may_v be_v raise_v about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o the_o compass_n answerable_a neither_o too_o big_a nor_o too_o little_a but_o shape_v like_o a_o sugar-loaf_n yet_o so_o on_o the_o top_n that_o the_o hill_n may_v be_v flat_a a_o little_a to_o retain_v the_o rain_n or_o the_o thick_a dew_n that_o fall_v upon_o it_o moderate_o but_o shoot_v off_o the_o great_a abundance_n make_v not_o the_o hill_n entire_o of_o one_o mould_n but_o a_o three_o or_o better_a of_o such_o earth_n as_o you_o shall_v dig_v up_o under_o dunghill_n and_o a_o little_a soap-ash_n drain_v from_o the_o lie_n and_o by_o mix_v they_o together_o compound_v your_o hop-hill_n but_o if_o these_o be_v difficult_a to_o be_v get_v sufficient_a for_o your_o purpose_n than_o a_o three_o part_n of_o these_o and_o two_o part_n of_o natural_a earth_n may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o your_o purpose_n though_o the_o first_o be_v better_a however_o it_o must_v then_o be_v renew_v in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n or_o the_o strength_n of_o it_o will_v be_v lose_v when_o your_o hill_n be_v make_v pare_v up_o the_o green_a swarth_a in_o the_o alley_n about_o four_o finger_n thick_a and_o with_o it_o cover_v the_o outside_n of_o your_o hill_n almost_o to_o the_o top_n turn_v the_o grass-side_n next_o to_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o hill_n that_o rot_v there_o it_o may_v add_v to_o the_o manure_a and_z and_o keep_v they_o very_o warm_a let_v there_o be_v so_o much_o space_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n as_o may_v contain_v the_o plant_n
wether_n be_v open_a you_o must_v if_o you_o sow_v they_o between_o any_o row_n of_o other_o seed_n rake_v they_o in_o with_o a_o iron-rake_a so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v very_o well_o cover_v and_o they_o must_v lie_v dry_a for_o too_o much_o wet_a and_o moisture_n perish_v the_o seed_n or_o root_n for_o though_o the_o seed_n be_v hot_a and_o require_v some_o moisture_n yet_o a_o great_a deal_n destroy_v its_o natural_a heat_n and_o kill_v it_o you_o may_v sow_v these_o thin_a to_o save_v the_o trouble_n of_o hoe_z but_o if_o they_o come_v up_o very_o thick_a contrary_a to_o your_o expectation_n they_o must_v be_v hoe_v they_o also_o require_v weed_n till_o the_o top_n surmount_v the_o weed_n and_o then_o they_o will_v of_o themselves_o destroy_v they_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o these_o be_v the_o deep_a yellow_a or_o red_a the_o faint_a yellow_a be_v fit_v only_o for_o the_o summer_n season_n not_o subject_a to_o grow_v to_o any_o bigness_n as_o the_o other_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v sterile_a you_o must_v manure_v it_o ever_o you_o sow_v the_o seed_n in_o sand_n you_o may_v well_o keep_v they_o all_o the_o winter_n for_o sale_n your_o table_n and_o to_o fatten_v swine_n chap._n xliv_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o sow_v of_o parsnip_n and_o the_o well-ordering_a they_o parsnip_n be_v a_o good_a improvement_n where_o they_o will_v kind_o grow_v and_o come_v up_o to_o a_o proportionable_a bigness_n they_o be_v a_o root_n of_o a_o luscious_a oyley_a taste_n wholesome_a and_o extraordinary_a fatten_v the_o seed_n of_o this_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v sow_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o be_v much_o delight_v in_o rich_a mellow_a ground_n which_o must_v be_v dig_v deep_a that_o the_o root_n may_v the_o easy_a shoot_n downward_o and_o grow_v thick_a to_o full_a proportion_n many_o field_n with_o a_o little_a manure_n will_v produce_v of_o these_o a_o great_a increase_n and_o turn_v land_n to_o a_o wonderful_a advantage_n where_o there_o be_v good_a sale_n for_o they_o over_z and_o above_o the_o offal_n that_o will_v fatten_v swine_n and_o as_o much_o as_o will_v suffice_v the_o family_n when_o they_o be_v grow_v to_o any_o bigness_n you_o may_v turn_v cattle_n into_o the_o field_n who_o brouze_a on_o and_o tread_v down_o the_o top_n will_v make_v the_o root_n prosper_v the_o better_a this_o seed_n must_v be_v sow_o deep_a as_o can_v be_v well_o rake_v in_o they_o require_v little_a moisture_n and_o therefore_o may_v be_v sow_o upon_o raise_a land_n like_o bed_n and_o be_v take_v up_o with_o a_o large_a spade_n that_o be_v in_o length_n they_o may_v as_o soon_o as_o cleanse_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v set_v to_o sale_n or_o else_o you_o may_v keep_v they_o a_o long_a time_n in_o good_a dry_a sand_n cut_v off_o their_o top_n to_o prevent_v their_o grow_n another_o useful_a thing_n that_o may_v make_v good_a improvement_n though_o not_o in_o such_o a_o general_a manner_n be_v potato_n these_o be_v once_o in_o the_o ground_n will_v spread_v extreme_o and_o if_o a_o root_n be_v cut_v in_o many_o piece_n it_o will_v every_o part_n of_o it_o grow_v they_o be_v very_o nourish_v and_o wholesome_a to_o the_o stomach_n and_o a_o little_a piece_n of_o any_o ordinary_a ground_n will_v produce_v a_o sufficiency_n for_o the_o use_n of_o many_o family_n a_o whole_a winter_n and_o many_o succeed_a winter_n their_o increase_n be_v very_o great_a but_o you_o must_v not_o sow_v they_o in_o stoney_n ground_n for_o that_o will_v much_o hinder_v their_o growth_n and_o make_v they_o wrinkle_v and_o ill-favoured_a chap._n xlv_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o sow_v weld_n or_o will_v and_o how_o to_o order_v it_o there_o be_v other_o improvement_n though_o not_o so_o common_a that_o make_v good_a return_n of_o land_n and_o labour_n which_o design_v to_o write_v a_o perfect_a book_n of_o this_o nature_n i_o think_v not_o convenient_a to_o omit_v and_o first_o of_o weld_n or_o will_v a_o rich_a and_o profitable_a commodity_n for_o die_v it_o bear_v a_o long_a narrow_a greenish_a yellow_a leaf_n and_o produce_v a_o yellow_a flower_n run_v to_o a_o small_a seed_n and_o be_v very_o thick_o set_v with_o they_o small_a than_o a_o mustardseed_n it_o flourish_v in_o june_n and_o july_n grow_v in_o some_o place_n of_o itself_o and_o be_v produce_v on_o very_o indifferent_a land_n hardly_o fit_a for_o any_o thing_n else_o without_o much_o manure_n so_o it_o be_v very_o dry_a and_o warm_a by_o nature_n it_o cost_v but_o little_a the_o manage_n as_o require_v no_o tillage_n it_o be_v to_o be_v sow_v when_o and_o where_o you_o sow_v your_o barley_n and_o oat_n upon_o that_o husbandry_n without_o any_o addition_n unless_o draw_v a_o few_o bush_n with_o weight_n over_o it_o or_o press_v it_o into_o the_o earth_n with_o a_o rowler_n sow_v it_o even_o for_o the_o seed_n be_v small_a will_v require_v skill_n in_o this_o therefore_o mix_v ash_n or_o fine_a earth_n with_o it_o that_o it_o may_v spread_v the_o better_a when_o well_o mingle_v with_o either_o of_o they_o a_o gallion_n of_o this_o seed_n be_v sufficient_a to_o sow_v a_o acre_n add_v for_o the_o better_a spread_v two_o gallon_n of_o earth_n or_o ash_n to_o every_o quart_n stir_v the_o composition_n often_o to_o mix_v it_o lest_o the_o seed_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o so_o deceive_v you_o cast_v it_o out_o at_o arm_n be_v end_n in_o as_o even_o a_o compass_n as_o possible_a and_o in_o the_o summer_n you_o will_v receive_v a_o good_a crop_n and_o when_o it_o come_v to_o ripen_v be_v curious_a in_o observe_v it_o for_o if_o you_o let_v it_o grow_v too_o long_o the_o seed_n will_v fall_v out_o if_o not_o long_a enough_o neither_o that_o nor_o the_o stalk_v will_v be_v perfect_a and_o therefore_o note_n both_o the_o ripen_n of_o the_o seed_n and_o the_o turn_v the_o stalk_n and_o when_o you_o perceive_v it_o proper_o ripen_v pull_v it_o up_o by_o the_o root_n bound_v it_o in_o little_a bundle_n place_v they_o in_o little_a shock_n that_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n may_v free_o penetrate_v to_o dry_v they_o and_o in_o house_n be_v careful_a not_o rough_o to_o use_v it_o lest_o the_o seed_n fall_v out_o and_o by_o this_o well_o order_v there_o be_v considerable_a profit_n to_o be_v gain_v as_o ten_o time_n the_o charge_n and_o price_n of_o the_o land_n if_o it_o come_v to_o a_o good_a market_n the_o seed_n may_v be_v thrash_v out_o with_o small_a pole_n or_o wand_n on_o a_o clean_a boarded-floar_a so_o close_o joint_v that_o they_o can_v run_v into_o the_o crevice_n which_o may_v be_v reserve_v for_o sow_v again_o it_o colour_n a_o bright_a yellow_a and_o a_o lemon-colour_n excellent_o well_o and_o with_o the_o stalk_v the_o root_n must_v go_v be_v of_o the_o same_o efficacy_n and_o a_o great_a pity_n be_v it_o that_o it_o be_v not_o more_o improve_v since_o it_o may_v employ_v store_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v in_o a_o manner_n altogether_o useless_a chap._n xlvi_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o sow_v of_o woad_n and_o how_o to_o order_v it_o etc._n etc._n woad_n be_v another_o useful_a and_o very_a profitable_a commodity_n lay_v the_o foundation_n and_o solidity_n of_o very_a many_o colour_n and_o a_o woad-red_n colour_n be_v free_a from_o stain_v excellent_a for_o hold_v its_o colour_n and_o almost_o every_o sad_a hold_v colour_n must_v be_v woad_n therefore_o it_o consequent_o be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o advantage_n in_o die_v the_o stalk_v be_v small_a and_o tender_a the_o leave_n of_o a_o blue_a green_a colour_n the_o seed_n be_v like_a to_o the_o ash-key_n or_o seed_n but_o not_o so_o long_o like_o little_a blackish_a tongue_n the_o root_n simple_a and_o white_a it_o bear_v h_o a_o yellow_a flower_n this_o contrary_a to_o the_o other_o require_v very_o rich_a land_n that_o be_v warm_a and_o sound_a either_o a_o little_a sandy_n or_o gravelish_a will_v do_v though_o the_o pure_a warm_a solid_a earth_n be_v the_o best_a land_n exceed_v rich_a though_o it_o shall_v be_v mix_v with_o a_o little_a clay_n be_v also_o proper_a if_o warm_a in_o great_a deep_a rich_a pasture_n many_o hill_n and_o hill-side_n be_v good_a woad-land_n when_o the_o bottom-ground_n will_v not_o serve_v it_o but_o the_o principal_a ground_n be_v the_o home-close_a or_o lesser_a ground_n lie_v near_o about_o and_o border_v on_o to_n the_o best_a natural_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o woad_n be_v some_o part_n of_o worcester-shire_n and_o warwickeshire_n oxford-shire_n northamptonshire_n gloucester-shire_n leicester-shire_n and_o buckingham-shire_n with_o some_o other_o place_n the_o ground_n for_o this_o must_v be_v choice_o plough_v and_o if_o very_a hilly_a they_o must_v be_v cast_v well_o that_o they_o may_v lie_v even_o and_o fair_a on_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o
february_n and_o beginning_n of_o march_n the_o wether_n be_v open_a and_o especial_o when_o the_o wind_n be_v at_o south_n or_o west_n hang_v bottle_n at_o the_o cut_v branch_n to_o receive_v the_o cristaline_a liquor_n or_o you_o may_v bore_v the_o tree_n and_o tap_n it_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v get_v great_a quantity_n it_o flow_v forth_o very_o free_o the_o small_a branch_n of_o this_o tree_n turn_v to_o great_a advantage_n in_o make_v broom_n whisk_n wickers_n and_o many_o other_o use_v they_o be_v put_v to_o the_o timber_n be_v likewise_o very_o good_a and_o the_o great_a brances_fw-la make_v good_a pole_n chap._n li._n of_o the_o maple_n horn-beam_n quick-beam_n hazle_n box_n juniper_n holly_n and_o fir-tree_n how_o to_o order_n and_o improve_v they_o there_o be_v yet_o other_o tree_n useful_a either_o for_o fuel_n or_o shade_n that_o turn_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o industrious_a husbandman_n the_o maple_n this_o require_v a_o dry_a and_o sound_a mould_n grow_v in_o hedge-row_n very_o well_o as_o also_o in_o wood_n and_o grove_n it_o may_v be_v propagate_v by_o set_v or_o the_o key_n of_o the_o ash_n the_o timber_n be_v much_o esteem_v for_o its_o whiteness_n and_o the_o diaper-knot_n find_v in_o it_o serve_v for_o trencher_n bowl_n and_o many_o other_o utensil_n and_o much_o esteem_v in_o joyner_n work_n horn-beam_n much_o affect_v the_o open_a part_n of_o wood_n and_o set_v in_o walk_n or_o avenue_n produce_v a_o pleasant_a shade_n it_o will_v grow_v indifferent_o on_o any_o soil_n it_o must_v be_v set_v deep_a and_o the_o set_v may_v be_v about_o two_o inch_n in_o compass_n in_o the_o middle_n it_o may_v likewise_o be_v raise_v of_o those_o seed_n that_o be_v ripe_a in_o auguct_n if_o sow_o in_o october_n but_o since_o most_o wood_n yield_v sufficient_a plant_n i_o like_v the_o set_v they_o best_o for_o the_o great_a expedition_n the_o timber_n be_v very_o hard_a and_o therefore_o useful_a for_o wheel-wrights_a or_o make_v tool_n for_o rural_a use_n quick-beam_n prosper_v best_a in_o good_a light_a ground_n though_o it_o delight_v in_o mountain_n and_o wood_n plant_v the_o young_a set_v as_o the_o former_a or_o it_o will_v grow_v from_o the_o berry_n that_o be_v find_v ripe_a about_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n it_o grow_v apace_o in_o wood_n and_o coppice_n yield_v excellent_a fuel_n and_o be_v good_a for_o divers_a other_o use_n the_o hazle_n though_o of_o great_a value_n for_o the_o nut_n yet_o be_v a_o wood-tree_n affect_v above_o other_o dry_a barren_a and_o cold_a sandy_a ground_n likewise_o rocky_a and_o mountainous_a soil_n produce_v they_o though_o they_o thrive_v much_o better_a in_o hedge-row_n where_o the_o sun_n have_v power_n to_o invigorate_v they_o this_o tree_n be_v proper_o raise_v from_o the_o nut_n preserve_v moist_a but_o not_o mouldy_a and_o to_o do_v it_o you_o may_v lay_v they_o in_o their_o own_o dry_a leave_n or_o in_o sand_n these_o aught_o to_o be_v set_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o february_n but_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o all_o other_o tree_n young_a set_v or_o sucker_n will_v soon_o grow_v but_o cut_v not_o these_o the_o first_o year_n but_o the_o spring_n follow_v within_z three_z or_o four_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o be_v if_o your_o set_v be_v small_a but_o great_a set_v may_n the_o first_o year_n be_v cut_v within_o six_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o hazle_n though_o it_o seldom_o grow_v to_o substantial_a timber_n be_v yet_o very_o profitable_a for_o the_o bear_n of_o nut_n for_o the_o feed_n of_o swine_n and_o pleasant_a for_o the_o food_n of_o man_n out_o of_o which_o be_v likewise_o extract_v a_o curious_a oil_n they_o produce_v curious_a pole_n and_o rodâ—_n make_v fishing-tackle_n and_o divers_a other_o instrument_n also_o the_o under-stem_n and_o spray_n good_a charcoal_n and_o fuel_n and_o be_v a_o good_a shade_n and_o ornament_n to_o walk_n when_o the_o nut-tree_n flower_n much_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o plentiful_a corn-harvest_n the_o boxtree_n be_v of_o a_o great_a use_n though_o of_o slow_a growth_n it_o will_v grow_v on_o any_o indifferent_a land_n and_o be_v increase_v by_o slip_n it_o keep_v green_a all_o the_o year_n and_o give_v a_o very_a pleasant_a prospect_n the_o wood_n be_v of_o singular_a use_n and_o bear_v a_o great_a price_n be_v usual_o sell_v by_o weight_n so_o that_o a_o grove_n of_o well-grown_a box_n of_o six_o acre_n have_v be_v sell_v for_o 3000_o l._n the_o least_o part_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o timber_n be_v fit_a for_o one_o use_n or_o other_o and_o too_o precious_a to_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o flame_n the_o juniper-tree_n covet_v to_o grow_v on_o hilly_a and_o gravelly_a ground_n the_o wood_n leaf_n and_o berry_n be_v medicinable_a it_o may_v be_v sow_v of_o the_o berry_n or_o set_v of_o small_a slip_v it_o last_v green_a all_o the_o winter_n and_o in_o burn_v cast_v a_o curious_a scent_n it_o be_v proper_a to_o make_v fine_a box_n cabinet_n and_o other_o curious_a work_n the_o scent_n of_o it_o keep_v away_o worm_n and_o moth_n its_o gum_n or_o the_o sweat_a of_o it_o be_v good_a against_o pain_n in_o the_o stomach_n or_o heart_n and_o prevent_v infectious_a air._n holly_n be_v a_o tough_a wood_n keep_v green_a all_o the_o year_n and_o carry_v on_o it_o in_o winter_n a_o curious_a red_a berry_n it_o thrive_v in_o any_o indifferent_a ground_n and_o may_v be_v set_v by_o slip_v or_o berry_n the_o wood_n if_o large_a yield_v a_o good_a price_n the_o lime-tree_n must_v be_v plant_v in_o a_o indifferent_a rich_a soil_n for_o it_o will_v not_o thrive_v in_o hungry_a cold_a dry_a land_n it_o be_v raise_v as_o sucker_n from_o the_o elm_n or_o from_o seed_n or_o berry_n that_o drop_v in_o autumn_n from_o the_o tree_n and_o these_o be_v most_o use_v for_o ornament_n in_o walk_n cast_v a_o lovely_a shade_n though_o in_o wood_n they_o grow_v a_o good_a pace_n and_o yield_v timber_n pole_n and_o store_n of_o good_a fuel_n the_o yew-tree_n may_v be_v propagate_v in_o any_o barren_a ground_n even_o on_o the_o black_a hill_n or_o mountain_n it_o be_v hot_a by_o nature_n produce_v a_o curious_a red_a berry_n luscious_a and_o sweet_a as_o honey_n though_o the_o stone_n or_o seed_n of_o it_o be_v very_o bitter_a and_o these_o berry_n put_v into_o the_o ground_n will_v grow_v nâ—d_v be_v set_v regular_a about_o eight_o or_o ten_o foot_n distance_n produce_v in_o a_o little_a time_n a_o very_a curious_a grove_n green_a all_o the_o year_n the_o wood_n of_o it_o be_v very_o sappy_a and_o tough_a bear_v a_o good_a price_n for_o of_o it_o be_v make_v our_o best_a english_a bow_n exceed_v those_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n these_o tree_n as_o other_o may_v be_v plant_v of_o sucker_n the_o fir_n and_o pine_n be_v natural_o hot_a delight_n in_o cold_a ground_n high_a and_o rocky_a hill_n and_o mountain_n they_o will_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o kernel_n take_v out_o of_o the_o clog_n or_o pine-apple_n soak_v in_o water_n and_o then_o expose_v to_o a_o gentle_a warmth_n these_o you_o may_v sow_v in_o a_o nursery_n or_o where_o you_o intend_v they_o shall_v grow_v up_o to_o a_o grove_n or_o wood_n especial_o the_o pine_n which_o will_v hardly_o bear_v a_o remove_n unless_o very_o young_a though_o the_o fir_n may_v be_v very_o easy_o remove_v and_o propagate_v on_o slip_v and_o will_v grow_v small_a and_o straight_o to_o a_o prodigious_a height_n if_o it_o take_v good_a root_n even_o to_o sixty_o foot_n high_a in_o twenty_o year_n growth_n though_o in_o the_o six_o year_n they_o seem_v not_o to_o grow_v very_o fast_o but_o afterward_o shoot_v up_o exceed_o chap._n lii_o of_o tree_n delight_v in_o wet_a ground_n as_o the_o poplar_n aspen-tree_n alder_n willow_n etc._n etc._n their_o order_v and_o the_o best_a way_n to_o improve_v they_o thus_o reader_n have_v declare_v what_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o improvement_n of_o dry_a barren_a land_n by_o plant_v the_o most_o useful_a tree_n for_o timber_n and_o other_o service_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o instruct_v you_o to_o improve_v wet_a boggy_a and_o otherways_o useless_a land_n by_o plant_v of_o tree_n to_o yield_v great_a stote_z of_o advantage_n by_o fuel_n etc._n etc._n the_o poplar_n a_o tree_n well_o know_v grow_v exceed_v well_o in_o moist_a ground_n near_o the_o brink_n of_o river_n but_o not_o in_o the_o water_n as_o the_o willow_n this_o tree_n be_v propagate_v by_o straight_a branch_n or_o pitcher_n set_v in_o the_o ground_n but_o beware_v you_o cut_v not_o off_o the_o top_n till_o they_o be_v of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n growth_n and_o head_n they_o at_o eight_o or_o ten_o foot_n high_a and_o in_o a_o few_o year_n their_o branch_n will_v spread_v exceed_o the_o timber_n
somewhat_o well_o grow_v take_v off_o with_o your_o pruning-hook_n the_o small_a and_o most_o superfluous_a bough_n and_o branch_n do_v it_o upward_o about_o january_n that_o what_o of_o the_o snag_n remain_v to_o the_o tree_n may_v not_o split_v and_o the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o as_o close_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o may_v be_v lest_o the_o stump_n rot_v and_o water_n get_v into_o the_o hollow_a part_n to_o spoil_v and_o dote_v the_o timber_n second_o when_o you_o perceive_v your_o plant_n will_v not_o grow_v up_o to_o tall_a timber_n shroud_v they_o or_o lop_v they_o and_o they_o will_v grow_v up_o to_o be_v very_o good_a pollard_n this_o must_v be_v do_v above_o the_o height_n of_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n smooth_a and_o asloap_n take_v off_o the_o top_n and_o main_a branch_n this_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n or_o the_o end_n of_o the_o fall_n and_o so_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o you_o may_v lop_v they_o every_o four_o or_o five_o year_n for_o good_a fuel_n beside_o these_o may_v stand_v in_o hedge-row_n or_o vacant_a place_n fit_a for_o no_o other_o use_n and_o after_o they_o have_v afford_v you_o great_a store_n of_o it_o the_o body_n if_o they_o hold_v sound_n make_v a_o good_a sort_n of_o short_a timber_n very_o fit_a for_o plank_n and_o other_o use_n as_o for_o winter-greens_a as_o pine_n or_o any_o other_o rosinous_a tree_n they_o must_v be_v cut_v in_o winter_n after_o the_o great_a frost_n and_o cold_a wind_n be_v over_o but_o in_o no_o wise_n be_v behead_v nor_o the_o colateral_a branch_n much_o cut_v off_o three_o all_o tree_n delight_v in_o wet_a or_o moist_a ground_n may_v be_v shroud_v or_o lop_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n the_o wether_n be_v open_a but_o not_o too_o near_o the_o body_n lest_o it_o endanger_v the_o tree_n and_o hinder_v its_o sprout_v four_o coppice_n may_v be_v fell_v or_o cut_v from_o september_n to_o mid_a march_n leave_v such_o standard_n as_o you_o intend_v for_o timber_n at_o a_o equal_a distance_n choose_v out_o the_o straight_a and_o most_o likely_a thrive_a for_o that_o purpose_n cut_v not_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o sloap-wise_a that_o the_o young_a sprig_n may_v the_o better_o shoot_v out_o and_o grow_v and_o furnish_v you_o with_o a_o second_o felling_n five_o when_o your_o timber-tree_n be_v arrive_v at_o their_o best_a state_n or_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o fell_v they_o for_o advantage_n fall_v the_o oak_n from_o april_n till_o midsummer_n for_o then_o the_o sap_n be_v proud_a and_o the_o bark_n which_o be_v a_o very_a good_a commodity_n will_v easfy_o be_v get_v off_o but_o for_o other_o timber_n the_o best_a season_n be_v in_o winter_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v low_a for_o if_o it_o be_v much_o in_o those_o tree_n it_o breed_v worm_n and_o much_o deface_v the_o beauty_n of_o it_o and_o the_o proper_a month_n be_v december_n and_o january_n when_o you_o fall_v large_a timber_n cut_v off_o all_o the_o large_a arm_n first_o lest_o they_o endanger_v the_o tree_n rifle_v or_o break_v in_o the_o fall_n chap._n lv._o sundry_a tree_n not_o yet_o mention_v their_o growth_n and_o well-ordering_a for_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n cypress_n tree_n will_v grow_v tolerable_a well_o in_o england_n and_o be_v not_o only_o pleasant_a for_o the_o cool_a refresh_a shade_n it_o cast_v but_o in_o indifferent_a mix_v sandy_n and_o clay-ground_n it_o will_v grow_v to_o a_o considerable_a stature_n and_o thickness_n but_o then_o they_o must_v not_o be_v set_v in_o over_o moist_a or_o wet_a places_z and_o though_o they_o be_v most_o use_v to_o shade_n walk_v avenue_n cover_v arbour_n and_o adorn_v the_o centre_n of_o green_a plait_n yet_o where_o they_o come_v to_o any_o thing_n of_o timber_n the_o wood_n be_v exceed_o good_a hard_a and_o durable_a of_o a_o good_a scent_n preserve_v clothes_n from_o moth_n and_o worm_n and_o last_v a_o long_a time_n without_o corrupt_v or_o rot_v pliny_n affirm_v he_o see_v gate_n of_o this_o wood_n four_o hundred_o year_n old_a and_o yet_o neither_o worm-eaten_a nor_o perish_v the_o pinetree_n be_v somewhat_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fir_n of_o a_o rosiny_n sap_n and_o a_o very_a hot_a tree_n therefore_o it_o thrive_v best_a in_o cold_a place_n where_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v make_v it_o sweat_v too_o much_o to_o spend_v and_o destroy_v itself_o though_o it_o delight_v much_o in_o hill_n and_o mountain_n where_o the_o air_n be_v more_o free_a and_o cool_a always_o than_o in_o the_o valley_n yet_o will_v it_o thrive_v well_o enough_o in_o wood_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v upon_o a_o little_a rise_a ascent_n that_o the_o wet_a pass_n away_o and_o a_o mixture_n of_o earth_n of_o gravel_n sand_n and_o clay_n and_o as_o the_o former_a may_v be_v improve_v by_o slip_v or_o stion_n so_o this_o may_v also_o and_o by_o the_o kernel_n sow_o which_o come_v out_o of_o the_o wooden_a hust_n of_o the_o apple_n it_o bear_v and_o be_v this_o tree_n better_o regard_v and_o improve_v in_o england_n it_o may_v turn_v to_o as_o great_a a_o advantage_n here_o as_o in_o other_o nation_n and_o even_o our_o hill_n may_v be_v cover_v with_o these_o and_o fir-tree_n so_o that_o in_o a_o few_o generation_n we_o need_v not_o be_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o buy_v and_o fetch_v home_o timber_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o have_v plenty_n of_o our_o own_o to_o the_o great_a improvement_n of_o land_n that_o now_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o value_n there_o be_v some_o other_o tree_n natural_a to_o other_o country_n that_o may_v be_v propagate_v in_o england_n and_o turn_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o industrious_a husbandman_n as_o the_o larach-tree_n a_o last_a sound_a wood_n as_o also_o the_o wild_a olive_n almond_n date_n cedar_n which_o by_o good_a management_n be_v conceive_v to_o grow_v well_o in_o this_o country_n and_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o a_o great_a improvement_n though_o not_o to_o that_o perfection_n their_o native_a soil_n give_v they_o yet_o so_o far_o as_o may_v be_v a_o advantage_n very_o high_o to_o those_o that_o be_v at_o the_o trouble_n of_o plant_v and_o rear_v they_o for_o when_o they_o be_v once_o well_o enter_v they_o will_v produce_v number_n and_o grow_v themselves_o without_o any_o further_a trouble_n unless_o sometime_o prune_v and_o water_v in_o a_o dry_a and_o parch_a season_n till_o their_o spread_a top_n be_v sufficient_a to_o shade_v their_o root_n and_o prevent_v the_o sunbeam_n from_o suck_v up_o too_o much_o moisture_n from_o they_o and_o may_v as_o other_o tree_n be_v transplant_v as_o occasion_n require_v chap._n lvi_o of_o tree_n fit_v for_o timber_n and_o other_o use_v the_o sundry_a sort_n their_o goodness_n and_o to_o what_o use_v proper_o to_o be_v attribute_v very_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v now_o from_o what_o have_v already_o be_v lay_v down_o proceed_v to_o the_o usefulness_n of_o the_o timber_n and_o wood_n produce_v by_o tree_n that_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v ample_o touch_v on_o cedar_n and_o cypress_n be_v excellent_a in_o building_n for_o their_o lastingness_n as_o not_o in_o a_o great_a number_n of_o year_n be_v subject_a to_o corrupt_v the_o fir_n poplar_n ash_n and_o elm_n be_v exceed_o good_a for_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o building_n as_o for_o main_a timber_n joust_n rafter_n floor_n etc._n etc._n but_o hold_v not_o so_o well_o where_o they_o be_v sometime_o wet_a and_o at_o other_o time_n dry_a as_o the_o oak_n do_v for_o the_o conveyance_n of_o water_n the_o alder_n pine_n pitch-tree_n and_o elm_n make_v curious_a and_o last_a pipe_n but_o then_o they_o must_v be_v cover_v with_o earth_n for_o above_o ground_n they_o will_v not_o well_o hold_v especial_o in_o hot_a wether_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o rine_n especial_o all_o but_o the_o last_o which_o will_v do_v tolerable_o well_o the_o oak_n beech_n and_o walnut-tree_n endure_v very_o well_o in_o the_o water_n the_o wild-olive_n mastholm_n and_o wild-oak_n be_v of_o long_a endurance_n for_o rafter_n and_o mortice-piece_n the_o elm_n and_o ash_n be_v very_o proper_o adapt_v because_o of_o their_o length_n the_o best_a to_o bear_v weight_n be_v the_o fir_n and_o the_o larash_n which_o howsoever_o you_o lay_v they_o will_v neither_o bend_v nor_o fail_v your_o expectation_n till_o worm_n consume_v they_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o olive_n and_o the_o oak_n will_v give_v and_o bend_v and_o so_o will_v the_o poplar_n the_o wilow_n birch_n elm_n and_o date_n usual_o bend_v against_o the_o burden_n they_o bear_v the_o poplar_n on_o the_o other_o side_n give_v upon_o every_o light_a weight_n the_o elm_n and_o the_o ash_n though_o slow_a be_v easy_o bend_v these_o be_v