Selected quad for the lemma: nature_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
nature_n	good_a	page_n	remove_v	216	4	17.4096	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42237	The most excellent Hugo Grotius, his three books treating of the rights of war & peace in the first is handled, whether any war be just : in the second is shewed, the causes of war, both just and unjust : in the third is declared, what in war is lawful, that is, unpunishable : with the annotations digested into the body of every chapter / translated into English by William Evats ...; De jure belli et pacis. English	Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645.; Evats, William.	1682 (1682)	Wing G2126; ESTC R8527	890,585	490

be_v understand_v as_o he_o understand_v to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v 167._o call_v vow_n and_o why_o 172._o the_o end_n of_o all_o controversy_n 172._o bound_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a 169._o of_o joshua_n to_o the_o gibeonite_n bind_v page_n 168_o 169_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n bind_v page_n 167_o 168_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o be_v too_o far_o wrest_v 169._o not_o to_o do_v good_a not_o bind_v 170._o nor_o that_o which_o hinder_v a_o great_a good_a ibid._n can_v bind_v to_o impossibility_n ibid._n by_o false_a god_n bind_v 171._o by_o the_o creature_n oblige_v ibid._n by_o fraud_n or_o fear_n extort_a must_v be_v fulfil_v for_o the_o oath_n sake_n 172._o make_v to_o pirate_n or_o tyrant_n oblige_v ibid._n in_o oath_n two_o thing_n requisite_a truth_n in_o word_n and_o fidelity_n in_o action_n ibid._n over_o subject_n oath_n what_o power_n superior_n have_v page_n 173_o by_o a_o false_a oath_n to_o deceive_v a_o enemy_n perjury_n page_n 172_o of_o oath_n some_o be_v assertory_n and_o some_o promissory_a 174._o the_o latter_a forbid_v by_o james_n and_o christ_n ibid._n oath_n shall_v except_v necessity_n and_o coaction_n page_n 123_o from_o oath_n absolution_n from_o whence_o original_o page_v 174_o by_o oath_n promise_v make_v in_o what_o case_n oblige_v not_o page_n 173_o a_o honest_a man_n word_n as_o good_a as_o his_o oath_n page_n 175_o a_o oath_n to_o perform_v king_n bind_v before_o god_n page_n 177_o oath_n from_o subject_n shall_v have_v this_o restriction_n unless_o my_o king_n command_v the_o contrary_a ibid._n philip_n of_o macedon_n regardless_o of_o oath_n page_n 537_o the_o form_n of_o oath_n military_a page_n 28_o to_o obey_v more_o natural_a to_o some_o nation_n than_o to_o command_v page_n 38_o obedience_n in_o what_o case_n necessary_a 55_o 56_o 429._o sometime_o unlawful_a 427._o especial_o in_o thing_n forbid_v by_o god_n or_o nature_n 53._o to_o command_n unjust_a not_o due_a 429._o ready_o yield_v by_o he_o that_o understand_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n page_n 430_o obedience_n to_o parent_n and_o sustentation_n to_o child_n due_a 123._o yet_o it_o can_v justify_v our_o disobedience_n to_o god_n page_n 427_o obligation_n restrain_v the_o faculty_n or_o the_o exercise_n of_o such_o a_o act_n only_o the_o difference_n page_n 47_o 48_o obligation_n feudal_n see_v feudal_n obligation_n arise_v from_o dominion_n page_n 146_o obligation_n internal_a give_v no_o right_a to_o another_o page_n 151_o obligation_n all_o require_v deliberation_n page_n 551_o 552_o obligation_n by_o officer_n with_o our_o default_n from_o what_o law_n it_o proceed_v page_n 203_o 204_o king_n may_v be_v oblige_v either_o natural_o or_o civil_o page_v 177_o oblige_a we_o may_v be_v by_o another_o page_n 154_o oblige_v we_o may_v whatsoever_o we_o have_v absolute_a power_n in_o or_o over_o page_n 400_o 401_o oblige_a we_o may_v be_v to_o a_o pirate_n or_o robber_n be_v not_o terrify_v by_o fear_n page_n 538_o oblige_a a_o man_n may_v be_v by_o some_o delinquency_n page_n 200_o oblige_a none_o can_v be_v to_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 187_o of_o obligation_n without_o compulsion_n example_n page_n 211_o obstinacy_n to_o defend_v our_o own_o party_n no_o just_a cause_n to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n page_n 508_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o another_o sin_n a_o man_n may_v suffer_v though_o that_o sin_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o suffer_a page_n 401_o occupancy_n its_o right_n where_o thing_n be_v in_o common_a page_n 78_o by_o occupancy_n what_o every_o one_o have_v be_v the_o first_o rise_v of_o propriety_n page_n 79_o of_o occupancy_n after_o the_o communion_n be_v lose_v page_n 80_o occupancy_n presume_v thing_n bound_v 81._o as_o land_n by_o manor_n or_o farm_n ibid._n of_o empire_n and_o of_o dominion_n as_o distinguish_v from_o empire_n 88_o it_o be_v the_o original_a way_n to_o gain_v dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n page_n 135_o what_o if_o it_o be_v of_o a_o place_n pray_fw-mi occupy_v by_o man_n irrational_a page_n 407_o the_o occupant_a in_o doubtful_a case_n have_v the_o best_a title_n page_n 414_o to_o the_o ancient_a occupant_n land_n restore_v by_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n after_o three_o hundred_o year_n page_n 492_o odious_a promise_n which_o 192._o how_o to_o be_v interpret_v ibid._n league_n and_o promise_n if_o in_o doubt_n be_v personal_a page_n 194_o offender_n be_v demand_v when_o to_o be_v deliver_v page_n 395_o 396_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 439._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 407_o old_a man_n in_o war_n to_o be_v spare_v page_n 505_o none_n the_o same_o old_a as_o young_a page_n 141_o opinion_n concern_v god_n be_v not_o easy_o demonstrable_a no_o cause_n of_o war_n page_n 389_o our_o opinion_n especial_o concern_v religion_n hardly_o part_v from_o page_n 391_o oppression_n notorious_a a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n if_o without_o danger_n to_o ourselves_o page_n 424_o oppression_n of_o subject_n where_o great_a than_o the_o misery_n of_o war_n war_n may_v be_v make_v against_o tyrant_n page_n 421_o ordinance_n of_o god_n in_o what_o sense_n kingly_a power_n be_v say_v page_n 18_o order_n what_o among_o equal_n or_o associate_n page_n 114_o the_o order_n of_o such_o as_o have_v equal_a share_n in_o thing_n ibid._n in_o what_o order_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o restore_v who_o have_v occasion_v damage_n page_n 201_o 202_o the_o order_n of_o christian_a king_n sit_v in_o council_n page_n 114_o original_a acquisition_n page_n 88_o owner_n right_a not_o know_v none_o bind_v to_o restore_v page_n 149_o the_o right_a owner_n transfer_v his_o interest_n be_v a_o sure_a title_n page_n 151_o ox_n forbid_v to_o be_v eat_v to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 514_o p._n papinianus_n put_v to_o death_n for_o not_o defend_v parricide_n page_n 428_o parent_n to_o be_v nourish_v 123._o though_o severe_a to_o be_v obey_v 57_o to_o be_v reverence_v as_o god_n pref._n seven_o honour_n and_o obedience_n due_a to_o they_o 123._o differ_v in_o their_o command_n whether_o to_o obey_v 103._o their_o right_a to_o sell_v or_o pawn_v their_o child_n what_o 104._o their_o right_a over_o their_o child_n different_a according_a to_o their_o several_a age_n and_o condition_n 103_o 104_o their_o estate_n due_a to_o their_o child_n by_o a_o twofold_a right_n 124._o whether_o they_o owe_v any_o part_n of_o their_o good_n to_o their_o child_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 122._o their_o love_n to_o their_o child_n more_o natural_a than_o their_o child_n to_o they_o 123._o their_o power_n to_o punish_v as_o well_o as_o to_o govern_v their_o child_n 104._o never_o exheredate_v their_o child_n until_o they_o prove_v incorrigible_a 416_o 417._o their_o marriage_n with_o their_o child_n unnatural_a page_n 107_o parliament_n to_o what_o end_n call_v page_n 42_o a_o parley_n demand_v and_o accept_v render_v both_o side_n secure_a 569._o during_o each_o may_v promote_v his_o own_o interest_n so_o that_o he_o hurt_v not_o the_o other_o ibid._n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n bituitus_n be_v treacherous_o take_v captive_a by_o the_o roman_n ibid._n parricide_n page_n 28_o particular_n if_o they_o consent_v not_o not_o punishable_a for_o the_o whole_a page_n 399_o partition_n just_a where_o the_o title_n be_v dubious_a and_o neither_o possess_v page_n 414_o passage_n deny_v may_v be_v by_o arm_n force_v page_n 83_o passage_n by_o land_n or_o sea_n common_a to_o all_o ibid._n how_o army_n may_v pass_v safe_o without_o danger_n page_n 84_o passionate_a act_n more_o pardonable_a than_o deliberate_a page_n 380_o pater_fw-la patratus_fw-la what_o page_n 546_o patience_n commend_v by_o christ_n example_n 63._o prefer_v before_o revenge_n 33._o in_o bear_v reproach_n 21_o 22_o 23._o in_o a_o governor_n or_o in_o a_o state_n punishable_a page_n 393_o patrimony_n distinguish_v from_o the_o profit_n of_o it_o page_n 120_o paul_n refuse_v not_o a_o guard_n of_o soldier_n page_n 20_o parent_n that_o receive_v to_o what_o bind_v page_n 160_o peace_n profitable_a to_o the_o victor_n vanquish_v and_o those_o of_o equal_a power_n 572._o once_o obtain_v to_o be_v religious_o keep_v 571._o its_o article_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v 546_o 547._o all_o of_o they_o to_o be_v equal_o observe_v 549_o 572._o when_o say_v to_o be_v break_v 548._o to_o be_v embrace_v though_o with_o loss_n 572._o not_o to_o be_v patch_v up_o but_o firm_o make_v 547._o be_v make_v all_o public_a injury_n though_o then_o unknown_a presume_v to_o be_v remit_v 547._o to_o purchase_n from_o a_o enemy_n too_o potent_a no_o dishonour_n page_n 418_o for_o peace_n whether_o the_o good_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v alienable_a 544._o or_o the_o good_n of_o subject_n 545._o the_o empire_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o ibid._n peace_n by_o who_o it_o may_v be_v make_v 544._o be_v make_v by_o

may_v have_v 482_o 483._o to_o make_v be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 120._o they_o may_v be_v make_v by_o stranger_n by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n ibid._n by_o testament_n kingdom_n patrimonial_a may_v be_v bequeath_v but_o other_o not_o but_o by_o the_o people_n consent_n page_n 43_o 44_o to_o hinder_v a_o man_n from_o make_v his_o testament_n oblige_v to_o satisfaction_n page_n 201_o thebaean_a legion_n page_n 62_o 93_o 428_o theseus_n the_o scourge_n of_o wickedness_n page_n 384_o theft_n prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 5._o in_o extreme_a necessity_n lawful_a with_o some_o condition_n 81_o 82._o nocturnal_a and_o diurnal_a the_o different_a punishment_n and_o why_o 74_o 75._o against_o it_o severe_a law_n sometime_o mitigate_v through_o charity_n page_n 75_o 76_o it_o be_v theft_n to_o require_v more_o or_o give_v less_o in_o measure_n weight_n or_o number_n than_o be_v contract_v for_o page_n 160_o theft_n not_o punishable_a by_o death_n by_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n 76._o nor_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v approve_v though_o tolerate_v ibid._n a_o thief_n nocturnal_a may_v be_v kill_v in_o what_o case_n 32_o 75._o to_o kill_v whether_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v only_o tolerate_v or_o justify_v page_n 76_o thief_n live_v not_o without_o law_n pref._n ix_o and_o pirate_n have_v no_o right_n of_o embassage_n page_n 206_o no_o theft_n to_o spend_v somewhat_o of_o another_o to_n procure_v he_o a_o great_a profit_n page_n 442_o thing_n thus_o stand_v how_o and_o when_o understand_v 151._o steal_a lose_v not_o their_o property_n 97._o that_o have_v no_o owner_n the_o german_n give_v their_o prince_n 135._o give_v as_o lose_v cease_v to_o be_v we_o 98._o take_v from_o a_o enemy_n be_v they_o that_o take_v they_o though_o first_o take_v from_o friend_n 470_o 471._o take_v in_o a_o just_a war_n how_o far_a we_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 468._o move_a and_o movable_a take_v by_o private_a act_n in_o a_o just_a war_n be_v lawful_a prize_n 472_o 473._o useless_a in_o war_n may_v be_v spare_v 514._o sacred_a and_o religious_a receive_v by_o postliminy_n 492._o not_o the_o enemy_n not_o gain_v by_o war_n 470_o etc._n etc._n to_o defend_v justify_v interfection_n natural_o 74._o how_o far_o lawful_a by_o the_o gospel_n 75._o twice_o sell_v who_o right_a be_v best_a page_n 161_o thing_n to_o restore_v take_v for_o any_o satisfaction_n as_o thing_n to_o take_v away_o understand_v for_o any_o injury_n 456._o lose_v not_o their_o dominion_n till_o within_o the_o enemy_n garrison_n 492._o of_o enemy_n to_o spoil_v how_o far_o lawful_a page_n 411_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n what_o 99_o long_o out_o of_o possession_n of_o what_o force_n to_o prove_v dereliction_n page_n 98_o time_n and_o place_n of_o battle_n always_o proclaim_v page_n 445_o title_n none_o to_o be_v set_v on_o foot_n after_o four_o age_n 99_o 100_o to_o empire_n shall_v be_v fix_v 99_o original_o naught_o can_v by_o any_o postact_n be_v make_v good_a how_o understand_v page_n 100_o 101_o toll_n for_o importation_n of_o good_n in_o what_o case_n lawful_a 84_o 85._o for_o pass_a river_n and_o bridge_n ibid._n by_o sea_n may_v be_v lawful_o take_v page_n 93_o to_o traffic_n a_o right_a common_a to_o all_o 86_o it_o unite_v country_n remote_a ibid._n to_o hinder_v it_o with_o such_o nation_n unjust_a page_n 84_o in_o traffic_n by_o company_n how_o the_o gain_n be_v divide_v page_n 164_o traitor_n have_v no_o right_n of_o embassy_n 206._o against_o such_o and_o public_a enemy_n every_o man_n be_v a_o soldier_n 65_o 374._o to_o kill_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 462_o 463_o of_o treason_n against_o our_o country_n the_o danger_n not_o past_a a_o son_n may_v accuse_v his_o own_o father_n page_n 209_o to_o treason_n the_o next_o degree_n be_v to_o harbour_v traitor_n page_n 396_o traveller_n may_v for_o a_o while_n reside_v in_o any_o place_n page_n 85_o treasure_n find_v who_o it_o be_v 136._o the_o public_a not_o touch_v by_o mark_n antony_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n page_n 59_o treachery_n against_o robber_n and_o pirate_n when_o and_o why_o not_o punishable_a 463._o in_o a_o solemn_a war_n lawful_a unless_o by_o poison_n or_o private_a assasinatinn_n page_n 462_o tree_n of_o life_n what_o it_o signify_v and_o of_o knowledge_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a page_n 79_o tribunal_n want_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n take_v place_n page_n 122_o tribune_n how_o make_v inviolable_a page_n 539_o tribute_n and_o tax_n due_a to_o king_n 3._o to_o maintain_v soldier_n page_n 20_o tributary_n associate_n page_v 57_o trifle_n not_o worth_a contend_v for_o page_z 21_o 22_o 23_o truce_n what_o a_o time_n of_o peace_n or_o war_n 557._o when_o it_o begin_v to_o oblige_v and_o when_o it_o end_v 558_o 559_o break_v on_o one_o side_n or_o end_v needs_o no_o indiction_n of_o war_n 558_o 560._o continue_v no_o place_n to_o be_v surprise_v nor_o receive_v that_o will_v revolt_v 559._o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v within_o that_o time_n 559_o 560._o it_o may_v be_v make_v by_o inferior_a commander_n 565._o be_v end_v whether_o they_o that_o be_v forcible_o detain_v during_o it_o have_v a_o right_a to_o return_v page_n 559_o truth_n some_o easy_o assent_v unto_o other_o not_o but_o by_o three_o or_o four_o consequence_n page_n 385_o truth_n the_o same_o speak_v or_o swear_v page_n 175_o truth_n only_o to_o be_v speak_v in_o market_n page_n 441_o tyrant_n worse_o than_o hangman_n 426._o their_o scourge_n hercules_n 384_o with_o they_o faith_n to_o be_v keep_v if_o give_v as_o to_o such_o page_n 537_o 538_o v._n valentinian_n answer_n to_o his_o army_n page_n 40_o valour_n can_v prevail_v against_o nature_n nor_o dwell_v with_o famine_n page_n 119_o the_o valerian_n law_n in_o rome_n distinguish_v from_o solon_n in_o athens_n page_n 65_o the_o value_n of_o thing_n from_o whence_o page_n 161_o the_o vanquish_a to_o be_v treat_v gentle_o 527._o which_o may_v be_v do_v either_o 1._o by_o mix_v they_o with_o the_o conqueror_n 525._o 2._o by_o take_v nothing_o from_o they_o but_o what_o disturb_v peace_n 524._o 3._o by_o leave_v they_o their_o own_o empire_n 525._o except_v some_o strong_a garrison_n 526._o 4._o permit_v their_o own_o law_n magistrate_n religion_n with_o caution_n for_o the_o true_a religion_n 527._o 5._o by_o impose_v some_o tribute_n on_o they_o 526._o or_o some_o part_n of_o their_o government_n page_n 525_o variety_n of_o manner_n occasion_v by_o the_o various_a mixture_n of_o the_o element_n page_n 375_o venom_n to_o use_v unlawful_a in_o war_n page_n 461_o 462._o see_v poison_n veracity_n a_o guide_n to_o all_o virtue_n page_n 444_o virtue_n some_o require_v moderation_n of_o affection_n other_o not_o pref._n xvii_o what_o the_o law_n enjoin_v the_o gospel_n require_v in_o a_o large_a measure_n page_n 10_o vice_n what_o not_o to_o be_v punish_v 374._o of_o thing_n contract_v for_o to_o be_v make_v know_v and_o why_o page_n 159_o victor_n who_o 552._o his_o duty_n towards_o they_o that_o yield_v page_n 554_o victory_n disdain_v unless_o get_v by_o manhood_n 445_o sometime_o the_o gift_n of_o fortune_n and_o not_o always_o the_o reward_n of_o valour_n 504._o be_v assure_v to_o waste_v thing_n be_v madness_n 513._o gain_v by_o fraud_n more_o honourable_a than_o that_o gain_v by_o force_n page_n 437_o 438_o virgin_n milesian_n page_n 218_o virgin_n not_o to_o choose_v themselves_o husband_n page_n 107_o visible_a what_o be_v not_o have_v no_o certain_a right_a page_n 100_o that_o universals_z have_v a_o power_n to_o oblige_v singular_n 113._o their_o debt_n how_o far_o they_o bound_v their_o member_n page_n 545_o unborn_a the_o right_o defend_v by_o law_n lose_v by_o prescription_n page_n 187_o uninhabited_a place_n be_v the_o first_o occupants_n page_n 85_o unjust_a that_o be_v which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o humane_a society_n page_n 2_o unjust_o what_o be_v deny_v may_v just_o by_o war_n be_v take_v page_n 86_o unjust_a if_o the_o war_n be_v what_o ever_o be_v do_v in_o it_o be_v internal_o unjust_a page_n 495_o unjust_a war_n be_v no_o better_a than_o great_a robbery_n page_n 70_o to_o do_v unjust_a thing_n and_o to_o do_v unjust_o how_o distinguish_v page_n 428_o 429_o unlawful_a thing_n none_o to_o be_v urge_v unto_o page_n 446_o untruth_n whereby_o a_o by-stander_n be_v deceive_v no_o lie_n page_n 441_o unwilling_o what_o be_v do_v deserve_v pardon_n page_n 500_o vote_n in_o a_o society_n where_o divers_a claim_n unequal_a share_n how_o to_o be_v reckon_v page_n 114_o usurpation_n what_o 97._o of_o no_o force_n between_o king_n of_o divers_a nation_n ibid._n use_v common_a its_o authority_n in_o expound_v law_n page_n 25_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n natural_a page_n 78_o 79_o the_o use_n of_o a_o thing_n consist_v in_o abuse_n

have_v society_n natural_o and_o why_o not_o see_v that_o beast_n with_o beast_n have_v the_o same_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o nature_n have_v instill_a into_o our_o mind_n the_o very_a seed_n of_o virtue_n this_o also_o m._n antoninus_n that_o emperor_n who_o be_v so_o high_o fame_v for_o his_o philosophy_n thus_o testify_v that_o we_o be_v bear_v for_o communion_n be_v long_o since_o apparent_a for_o be_v it_o not_o plain_a say_v he_o that_o nature_n frame_v all_o thing_n in_o order_n when_o we_o see_v the_o worse_a thing_n make_v for_o the_o better_a and_o the_o better_a thing_n one_o for_o another_o that_o therefore_o which_o carneades_n affirm_v that_o every_o creature_n be_v by_o natural_a instinct_n lead_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v to_o itself_o only_o profitable_a if_o universal_o take_v be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v for_o some_o of_o the_o rest_n be_v content_a to_o abate_v somewhat_o of_o their_o own_o profit_n partly_o to_o their_o young_a one_o 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which_o in_o their_o infancy_n they_o receive_v from_o they_o now_o from_o whence_o think_v you_o do_v they_o learn_v this_o duty_n of_o foster_a their_o young_a but_o from_o nature_n be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n foster_v themselves_o when_o they_o be_v young_a and_o how_o can_v they_o hear_v this_o say_v philo_z and_o not_o hide_v their_o head_n for_o shame_n that_o take_v no_o care_n of_o their_o age_a parent_n but_o wilful_o neglect_v they_o who_o either_o alone_a or_o before_o all_o other_o they_o ought_v to_o sustain_v especial_o consider_v that_o in_o so_o do_v they_o can_v be_v say_v proper_o to_o give_v but_o only_o to_o repay_v what_o they_o owe_v they_o for_o child_n have_v nothing_o of_o their_o own_o but_o what_o they_o derive_v from_o their_o parent_n who_o either_o give_v it_o they_o out_o of_o what_o be_v they_o or_o by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o enable_v they_o to_o get_v it_o proceed_v whence_o this_o proceed_v now_o in_o beast_n this_o care_n of_o their_o young_a 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by_o general_a rule_n whereunto_o whatsoever_o be_v agreeable_a be_v not_o so_o to_o all_o live_a creature_n but_o peculiar_o to_o mankind_n only_o homo_fw-la ad_fw-la id_fw-la natus_fw-la est_fw-la 9_o lib._n 9_o bene_fw-la ut_fw-la aliis_fw-la faciat_fw-la etc._n etc._n man_n say_v m._n antoninus_n be_v bear_v for_o this_o end_n to_o do_v good_a unto_o other_o and_o again_o soon_o may_v we_o find_v body_n terrestrial_a not_o tend_v to_o the_o earth_n than_o a_o sound_n and_o perfect_a man_n not_o affect_v the_o society_n of_o man_n for_o as_o he_o speak_v in_o another_o place_n quod_fw-la ratione_fw-la utitur_fw-la necessario_fw-la coetum_fw-la appetit_fw-la whatsoever_o have_v the_o faculty_n of_o reason_n must_v necessary_o affect_v society_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o also_o of_o nicetas_n coniates_n 10._o lib._n 10._o nature_n herself_o have_v insculpt_v and_o ingenerate_v in_o we_o 14._o see_v aug._n de_fw-fr doctr._n christ_n lib._n 3._o c._n 14._o a_o mind_n easy_o consent_v and_o agree_v with_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n neither_o can_v i_o here_o omit_v that_o excellent_a say_n of_o seneca_n that_o thou_o may_v understand_v how_o desiderable_a a_o thing_n of_o itself_o it_o be_v to_o have_v a_o thankful_a mind_n and_o how_o odious_a a_o thing_n ingratitude_n be_v know_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o soon_o dissolve_v and_o disjoint_v humane_a society_n than_o this_o vice_n of_o unthankfulness_n for_o wherein_o otherwise_o consist_v our_o security_n if_o not_o in_o those_o mutual_a good_a office_n that_o we_o do_v one_o to_o another_o by_o which_o commerce_n and_o exchange_n of_o courtesy_n only_o our_o life_n be_v strong_o guard_v and_o fortify_v against_o all_o violent_a incursion_n whatsoever_o take_v we_o single_o and_o what_o be_v we_o but_o a_o prey_n to_o all_o other_o creature_n and_o as_o so_o many_o sacrifice_n to_o appease_v the_o hunger_n or_o rage_n of_o ravenous_a beast_n no_o blood_n so_o vile_a none_o so_o easy_o purchase_v as_o we_o all_o other_o creature_n be_v sufficient_o guard_v against_o all_o violence_n whatsoever_o be_v bear_v wild_a and_o unsociable_a come_v into_o the_o world_n arm_v only_a man_n come_v naked_a and_o infirm_a have_v neither_o hoof_n horn_n claw_n nor_o tooth_n to_o make_v he_o to_o appear_v terrible_a to_o the_o rest_n only_o two_o thing_n nature_n have_v give_v he_o whereby_o both_o to_o offend_v other_o and_o to_o defend_v himself_o namely_o reason_n and_o society_n by_o these_o he_o that_o be_v single_a be_v weak_a of_o all_o become_v lord_n and_o master_n of_o all_o it_o be_v society_n that_o give_v he_o the_o dominion_n over_o all_o other_o creature_n it_o be_v society_n that_o transfer_v empire_n from_o one_o nation_n to_o another_o extend_v itself_o over_o the_o sea_n also_o it_o be_v this_o that_o mitigate_v the_o violence_n of_o disease_n it_o be_v this_o that_o yield_v comfort_n to_o old_a age_n this_o assuage_v grief_n and_o pain_n this_o make_v we_o strong_a valiant_a nay_o invincible_a for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o may_v lawful_o crave_v its_o assistance_n even_o against_o fortune_n herself_o take_v away_o this_o and_o you_o break_v asunder_o that_o unity_n that_o there_o be_v between_o mankind_n whereby_o our_o life_n be_v sustain_v and_o it_o be_v certain_o take_v away_o if_o ingratitude_n be_v not_o in_o itself_o odious_a thus_o far_o seneca_n now_o this_o very_a conservation_n of_o society_n take_v concern_v the_o great_a care_n that_o dove_n have_v over_o their_o young_a see_v porphy●y_n de_fw-fr non_fw-la esu_fw-la l._n 3._o society_n the_o foundation_n of_o law_n 1._o of_o nature_n strict_o take_v as_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o humane_a understanding_n though_o but_o crude_o here_o express_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o which_o be_v proper_o call_v right_o from_o whence_o arise_v our_o abstinence_n from_o that_o which_o be_v another_o and_o our_o

restore_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v detain_v together_o with_o the_o full_a profit_n we_o have_v make_v of_o it_o as_o also_o our_o obligation_n to_o perform_v our_o promise_n our_o satisfaction_n for_o damage_n do_v unto_o other_o through_o our_o default_n and_o the_o merit_n of_o punishment_n among_o man_n for_o justice_n be_v by_o porphyry_n thus_o describe_v ut_fw-la abstineretur_fw-la alienis_fw-la 3._o de_fw-fr non_fw-fr esu_fw-la l._n 3._o neque_fw-la noceatur_fw-la non_fw-la nocentibus_fw-la to_o abstain_v from_o what_o be_v another_o and_o not_o to_o harm_v they_o that_o be_v harmless_a from_o this_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n right_o large_o 2._o more_o large_o there_o flow_v another_o of_o a_o large_a extent_n for_o see_v that_o man_n above_o all_o other_o live_v body_n have_v not_o only_o such_o a_o laudable_a faculty_n as_o be_v describe_v but_o judgement_n also_o to_o discern_v as_o well_o what_o be_v pleasant_a and_o delightful_a as_o what_o be_v hurtful_a unto_o itself_o and_o that_o not_o only_o at_o present_a but_o for_o the_o future_a and_o what_o may_v lead_v unto_o either_o is_n be_v therefore_o agreeable_a most_o to_o humane_a nature_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o humane_a understanding_n to_o be_v guide_v in_o those_o thing_n by_o a_o judgement_n right_o inform_v i_o mean_v such_o a_o judgement_n as_o be_v not_o mislead_v either_o by_o vain_a fear_n or_o by_o the_o sweetness_n of_o some_o instant_a pleasure_n nor_o yet_o violent_o carry_v away_o by_o any_o inconsiderate_a rashness_n for_o what_o be_v manifest_o repugnant_a unto_o such_o a_o judgement_n be_v also_o understand_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o hereunto_o also_o appertain_v that_o prudent_a dispensation_n in_o the_o distribution_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o proper_o belong_v to_o every_o person_n or_o society_n which_o sometime_o prefer_v the_o wise_a before_o the_o ignorant_a a_o neighbour_n before_o a_o stranger_n and_o sometime_o the_o poor_a before_o the_o rich_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o every_o man_n act_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n will_v bear_v which_o many_o of_o old_a reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o right_n proper_o and_o strict_o so_o call_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o that_o right_n proper_o so_o name_v may_v have_v a_o far_o different_a nature_n namely_o in_o this_o that_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v now_o one_o man_n may_v be_v permit_v to_o or_o accomplish_v by_o another_o law_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n now_o these_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v already_o say_v will_v hold_v true_a though_o we_o shall_v grant_v what_o without_o great_a wickedness_n we_o can_v that_o there_o be_v no_o god_n or_o that_o he_o take_v no_o care_n of_o humane_a affair_n but_o since_o we_o be_v instruct_v to_o the_o contrary_a partly_o by_o reason_n and_o partly_o by_o perpetual_a and_o universal_a tradition_n and_o be_v therein_o also_o confirm_v by_o so_o many_o irrefragable_a argugument_n and_o miracle_n attest_v by_o and_o through_o all_o age_n it_o now_o follow_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o obey_v god_n in_o all_o thing_n without_o exception_n as_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o maker_n to_o who_o we_o owe_v both_o ourselves_o and_o all_o we_o have_v especial_o since_o he_o have_v many_o way_n show_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o powerful_a of_o all_o being_n so_o that_o he_o be_v both_o most_o able_a and_o most_o willing_a to_o reward_v our_o obedience_n with_o the_o great_a reward_n even_o with_o such_o as_o be_v like_a unto_o himself_o eternal_a especial_o since_o he_o have_v confirm_v it_o and_o bind_v himself_o thereunto_o by_o his_o word_n and_o promise_n as_o we_o christian_n be_v so_o convince_v by_o infallible_a testimony_n do_v strong_o believe_v from_o whence_o spring_v up_o another_o law_n beside_o that_o which_o be_v natural_a namely_o from_o the_o free_a will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o god_n whereunto_o as_o our_o own_o understanding_n direct_v we_o we_o must_v be_v subject_a and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v with_o m._n antoninus_n 9_o lib._n 9_o qui_fw-fr injustè_fw-fr agit_fw-fr impius_fw-la est_fw-la he_o that_o be_v unjust_a be_v also_o impious_a god_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o some_o sense_n the_o law_n of_o god_n but_o even_o that_o law_n of_o nature_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o treat_v whether_o it_o be_v that_o which_o spring_v from_o society_n or_o that_o which_o be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n although_o it_o flow_v from_o principle_n internal_a as_o to_o man_n yet_o may_v deserve_o be_v ascribe_v unto_o god_n because_o it_o be_v original_o his_o will_n that_o such_o principle_n shall_v be_v instill_v into_o we_o 3._o chrys_n de_fw-fr diis_fw-la lib._n 3._o so_o chrysostome_n understand_v it_o cum_fw-la naturam_fw-la dico_fw-la deum_fw-la dico_fw-la ipse_fw-la enim_fw-la naturae_fw-la artifex_n when_o i_o say_v nature_n i_o mean_v god_n who_o be_v the_o author_n of_o nature_n neither_o can_v we_o say_v chrysippus_n and_o the_o stoic_n derive_v justice_n from_o any_o other_o root_n than_o from_o jove_n himself_o from_o which_o word_n jove_n the_o latin_a word_n jus_n be_v very_o probable_o at_o first_o derive_v unless_o haply_o we_o have_v rather_o deduce_v it_o from_o jussum_fw-la by_o cut_v off_o the_o last_o syllable_n as_o of_o ossum_fw-la ancient_o be_v now_o make_v os._n moreover_o god_n by_o the_o express_a law_n that_o he_o have_v give_v we_o god_n and_o explain_v by_o the_o law_n give_v by_o god_n have_v make_v those_o very_a principle_n yet_o more_o conspicuous_a to_o they_o that_o be_v of_o weak_a understanding_n restrain_v the_o wander_a and_o otherwise_o exorbitant_a passion_n of_o those_o who_o consult_v their_o own_o or_o the_o safety_n of_o other_o by_o curb_v those_o that_o be_v most_o violent_a with_o a_o strong_a rein_n and_o keep_v they_o within_o his_o own_o bound_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o manner_n and_o of_o the_o end_n beside_o stock_n all_o mankind_n of_o one_o stock_n even_o the_o very_a sacred_a history_n set_v aside_o what_o consist_v in_o precept_n do_v not_o a_o little_a provoke_v we_o to_o mutual_a love_n by_o teach_v we_o that_o we_o be_v all_o of_o we_o bear_v of_o the_o same_o first_o parent_n in_o which_o sense_n what_o florentinus_n say_v be_v every_o true_a that_o nature_n have_v constitute_v all_o mankind_n of_o one_o stock_n or_o kindred_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o for_o one_o man_n to_o betray_v or_o defraud_v another_o be_v impiety_n therefore_o our_o parent_n be_v as_o god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d earthy_a god_n as_o hierocles_n call_v they_o conspicuous_a and_o visible_a god_n who_o do_v imitate_v the_o invisible_a and_o unbegotten_a god_n in_o give_v life_n unto_o other_o 9_o de_fw-fr leg._n 9_o and_o therefore_o plato_n call_v parent_n god_n image_n or_o representative_n to_o who_o we_o owe_v our_o reverence_n as_o to_o the_o god_n themselves_o say_v aristotle_n 11_o nic._n l._n 9_o c._n 11_o yet_o not_o such_o a_o obedience_n as_o be_v infinite_a and_o unlimited_a again_o arise_v the_o civil_a law_n from_o whence_o it_o arise_v see_v that_o it_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o fulfil_v all_o covenant_n and_o agreement_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v some_o mean_n of_o oblige_a man_n among_o themselves_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o other_o mean_v find_v that_o be_v natural_a from_o this_o very_a spring_n flow_v all_o civil_a law_n for_o they_o that_o lift_v themselves_o into_o any_o society_n or_o otherwise_o subject_v themselves_o to_o any_o one_o man_n or_o to_o any_o society_n of_o man_n these_o have_v also_o either_o express_o promise_v or_o from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o ought_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o they_o have_v tacit_o promise_v to_o observe_v and_o fulfil_v whatsoever_o the_o major_a part_n of_o that_o society_n or_o they_o unto_o who_o their_o power_n be_v transfer_v have_v constitute_v or_o ordain_v for_o the_o general_a good_a what_o therefore_o not_o carneades_n only_o profitable_a carneades_n confute_v who_o hold_v that_o all_o be_v lawful_a that_o be_v profitable_a but_o other_o also_o have_v say_v what_o be_v just_a and_o equal_a do_v from_o profit_n spring_n if_o speak_v proper_o be_v not_o true_a for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o product_n of_o humane_a nature_n itself_o which_o although_o we_o shall_v want_v nothing_o yet_o will_v of_o itself_o carry_v we_o to_o a_o desire_n of_o humane_a society_n the_o civil_a law_n than_o acknowledge_v no_o other_o mother_n than_o that_o very_a obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o consent_n which_o because_o it_o derive_v its_o authority_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n therefore_o may_v nature_n be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v grandmother_n to_o this_o law_n but_o even_o from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n there_o arise_v some_o profit_n for_o god_n who_o be_v

regard_v the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o person_n but_o the_o bare_a right_n of_o he_o that_o ought_v to_o receive_v it_o this_o young_a cyrus_n learn_v of_o his_o tutor_n in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v two_o boy_n that_o have_v two_o coat_n gill._n aulus_n gill._n both_o of_o different_a dimension_n the_o big_a boy_n have_v the_o lesser_a coat_n and_o the_o lesser_a boy_n have_v the_o big_a coat_n which_o the_o big_a boy_n take_v from_o he_o be_v fit_a for_o himself_o leave_v he_o the_o lesser_a coat_n which_o also_o be_v fit_a for_o he_o whereof_o cyrus_n be_v make_v judge_n mistake_n cyrus_n his_o mistake_n and_o regard_v more_o what_o be_v fit_a and_o convenient_a than_o what_o be_v just_a and_o right_o adjudge_v the_o great_a coat_n to_o the_o big_a boy_n and_o the_o little_a coat_n to_o the_o lesser_a boy_n but_o his_o tutor_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v do_v amiss_o for_o have_v he_o be_v to_o judge_v what_o be_v fit_a he_o have_v do_v well_o but_o be_v to_o judge_v who_o 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be_v just_a because_o right_o in_o this_o sense_n do_v not_o belong_v to_o justice_n alone_o such_o i_o mean_v as_o we_o have_v heretofore_o explain_v but_o unto_o the_o matter_n of_o other_o virtue_n honest_a for_o many_o thing_n may_v be_v just_o according_a to_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o right_o neither_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o any_o lawgiver_n shall_v foresee_v all_o the_o defect_n of_o his_o own_o law_n so_o that_o that_o which_o be_v a_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n strict_o take_v may_v s●em_v just_a be_v not_o so_o safe_a a_o rule_n to_o walk_v by_o as_o that_o which_o be_v just_a in_o this_o large_a sense_n that_o be_v righteous_a and_o honest_a a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o that_o law_n make_v by_o zeleucus_n who_o ordain_v a_o punishment_n to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o he_o who_o contrary_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o physician_n presume_v to_o drink_v wine_n and_o therefore_o that_o right_n which_o this_o rule_n guide_v we_o unto_o must_v needs_o be_v of_o a_o large_a signification_n than_o that_o which_o be_v simple_o just_a of_o this_o right_n so_o take_v the_o best_a partition_n be_v that_o of_o aristotle_n into_o that_o which_o be_v natural_a and_o that_o which_o be_v voluntary_a or_o as_o he_o there_o call_v it_o legitimate_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o word_n law_n be_v take_v in_o the_o strict_a sense_n which_o difference_n be_v acknowledge_v both_o by_o the_o hebrew_n and_o the_o grecian_n who_o when_o they_o will_v speak_v proper_o distinguish_v they_o by_o their_o proper_a name_n x._o this_o law_n of_o nature_n define_v &_o distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o be_v not_o proper_o so_o that_o which_o we_o call_v natural_a right_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n show_v the_o moral_a malignity_n or_o the_o moral_a necessity_n that_o there_o be_v in_o any_o act_n by_o either_o the_o repugnancy_n or_o congruity_n it_o have_v to_o 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which_o summon_v we_o to_o our_o duty_n by_o command_v it_o and_o drive_v we_o from_o all_o fraud_n by_o forbid_v it_o neither_o be_v its_o injunction_n or_o prohibition_n in_o vain_a to_o the_o righteous_a though_o with_o the_o wicked_a they_o prevail_v not_o to_o this_o law_n nothing_o must_v be_v add_v nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o detract_v and_o whole_o to_o abrogate_v it_o be_v impossible_a it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n either_o of_o the_o senate_n or_o the_o people_n to_o absolve_v we_o from_o our_o obedience_n to_o this_o law_n neither_o need_v we_o to_o seek_v after_o any_o other_o expositor_n than_o the_o law_n itself_o neither_o be_v it_o one_o law_n at_o athens_n and_o another_o at_o rome_n one_o now_o and_o another_o hereafter_o but_o this_o one_o law_n be_v both_o eternal_a and_o immutable_a shall_v bind_v all_o nation_n and_o in_o all_o age_n as_o there_o will_v ever_o be_v one_o common_a lord_n and_o governor_n of_o all_o which_o be_v god_n he_o be_v the_o sole_a 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by_o forbid_v they_o the_o other_o but_o for_o our_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o must_v observe_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o belong_v unto_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o proper_o or_o immediate_o but_o as_o the_o schoolman_n love_v to_o speak_v by_o way_n of_o reduction_n that_o be_v reduction_n some_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o way_n of_o reduction_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o prohibit_v they_o as_o some_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a because_o they_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o of_o injustice_n and_o something_n be_v say_v to_o be_v lawful_a which_o the_o law_n do_v neither_o prohibit_v nor_o punish_v and_o sometime_o by_o the_o abuse_n of_o the_o word_n those_o thing_n which_o

our_o reason_n approve_v to_o be_v honest_a or_o at_o least_o be_v so_o comparative_o to_o those_o that_o be_v oppose_v unto_o they_o though_o they_o be_v not_o enjoin_v we_o yet_o be_v say_v to_o be_v due_a by_o this_o natural_a law_n moreover_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o this_o natural_a law_n do_v not_o determine_v of_o such_o thing_n only_o as_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o man_n will_n but_o of_o many_o thing_n also_o which_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n have_v already_o mould_v as_o it_o be_v into_o a_o law_n thus_o be_v dominion_n as_o now_o in_o use_n by_o common_a consent_n introduce_v as_o by_o a_o law_n but_o be_v introduce_v this_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n do_v instruct_v we_o that_o to_o take_v away_o from_o any_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o own_o without_o his_o consent_n be_v impious_a and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n conclude_v theft_n to_o be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o v●pian_o that_o it_o be_v dishonest_a and_o julian_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o that_o which_o concern_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n there_o be_v a_o second_o law_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n holy_a julian_n julian_n and_o of_o divine_a extraction_n that_o enjoin_v we_o at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n to_o abstain_v from_o theft_n and_o rapine_n and_o that_o forbid_v we_o either_o in_o word_n in_o deed_n or_o in_o our_o most_o retire_a thought_n to_o mix_v or_o confound_v each_o other_o property_n .._o 3._o de_fw-fr off_z l._n 3._o for_o as_o cicero_n out_o of_o chrysippus_n well_o observe_v for_o any_o man_n to_o gain_v to_o himself_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o own_o lively_a hood_n be_v not_o unjust_a but_o to_o take_v it_o away_o by_o force_n from_o any_o other_o be_v not_o right_o euripides_n also_o condemn_v this_o as_o hateful_a to_o god_n himself_o námque_fw-la odit_fw-la ipse_fw-la vim_o deus_fw-la nec_fw-la divites_fw-la nos_fw-la esse_fw-la rapto_fw-la sed_fw-la probe_n partis_fw-la cupit_fw-la spernenda_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la pure_a veniat_fw-la copia_fw-la est_fw-la communis_fw-la aether_n hominibus_fw-la tellus_fw-la quoque_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la ampliare_fw-la cuique_fw-la sic_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la domum_fw-la ut_fw-la ab_fw-la alienis_fw-la rebus_fw-la ac_fw-la vi_fw-la temperet_fw-la for_o god_n himself_o hate_v force_v nor_o will_v that_o we_o grow_v rich_a by_o fraud_n but_o good_n get_v honest_o riches_n unjust_o gain_v we_o shall_v disdain_v the_o earth_n the_o air_n and_o eke_o the_o ocean_n main_fw-fr stand_v free_a to_o all_o each_o may_v his_o house_n maintain_v by_o these_o so_o that_o from_o rapine_n he_o abstain_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v so_o immutable_a that_o god_n himself_o can_v alter_v it_o nature_n god_n himself_o can_v alter_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o though_o the_o power_n of_o god_n be_v immense_a yet_o may_v something_n be_v say_v whereunto_o this_o great_a power_n do_v not_o extend_v itself_o because_o what_o be_v so_o say_v be_v say_v only_o but_o have_v no_o sense_n which_o can_v express_v the_o thing_n but_o they_o must_v contradict_v themselves_o as_o therefore_o that_o twice_o two_o shall_v not_o be_v four_o god_n himself_o can_v effect_v so_o neither_o can_v he_o that_o what_o be_v intrinsical_o evil_a shall_v not_o be_v evil_a for_o as_o the_o be_v of_o thing_n after_o they_o be_v and_o as_o they_o be_v depend_v not_o upon_o any_o other_o so_o do_v the_o propriety_n that_o necessary_o follow_v that_o be_v but_o such_o be_v the_o malignity_n of_o some_o act_n compare_v with_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v guide_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o therefore_o do_v god_n himself_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v judge_v of_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o of_o abraham_n to_o god_n 18.25_o gen._n 18.25_o shall_v not_o the_o judge_n of_o all_o the_o world_n do_v right_o such_o a_o contradiction_n it_o be_v to_o say_v that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n shall_v not_o do_v right_o that_o though_o it_o may_v be_v speak_v yet_o do_v the_o word_n though_o speak_v bear_v no_o sense_n but_o rather_o imply_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n the_o like_a we_o may_v find_v in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n 6._o es_fw-ge 5.3_o ez._n 18.25_o ●er_n 2.19_o mich._n 6.2_o rom._n 2.6_o 3_o 6._o it_o sometime_o notwithwstand_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o in_o these_o act_n concern_v which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v determine_v something_o there_o be_v some_o show_n or_o appearance_n of_o change_n which_o may_v easy_o deceive_v the_o unwary_a whereas_o indeed_o the_o change_n be_v not_o in_o that_o law_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v immutable_a but_o in_o the_o thing_n about_o which_o that_o law_n be_v conversant_a as_o for_o example_n if_o he_o to_o who_o i_o owe_v a_o just_a debt_n shall_v free_o discharge_v i_o of_o it_o i_o be_o not_o bind_v to_o pay_v it_o not_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v cease_v to_o command_v i_o to_o pay_v what_o i_o owe_v but_o because_o that_o which_o i_o do_v owe_v cease_v to_o be_v my_o debt_n be_v so_o discharge_v for_o as_o arrianus_n in_o epictetus_n right_o argue_v to_o make_v a_o just_a debt_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o that_o the_o money_n be_v lend_v but_o it_o be_v require_v that_o the_o obligation_n remain_v uncancel_v so_o when_o god_n command_v any_o man_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n or_o his_o good_n to_o be_v take_v from_o he_o murder_n and_o theft_n do_v not_o thereby_o become_v lawful_a for_o these_o very_a word_n do_v imply_v sin_n and_o no_o sin_n can_v be_v lawful_a but_o those_o act_n will_v not_o amount_v to_o murder_n or_o theft_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o express_a command_n of_o he_o who_o be_v the_o sovereign_a lord_n both_o of_o our_o life_n and_o fortune_n last_o there_o be_v something_n justifiable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o simple_o but_o so_o long_o as_o the_o condition_n of_o affair_n stand_v thus_o so_o till_o dominion_n be_v introduce_v the_o use_n of_o thing_n be_v natural_o common_a so_o before_o law_n and_o court_n of_o judicature_n be_v establish_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o recover_v by_o force_n what_o be_v our_o own_o but_o not_o since_o xi_o natural_a instinct_n that_o distinction_n which_o we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v namely_o that_o this_o immutable_a law_n be_v either_o that_o which_o be_v common_a to_o man_n with_o beast_n which_o they_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o that_o which_o be_v peculiar_a unto_o man_n only_a which_o they_o sometime_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v of_o very_o little_a use_n for_o nothing_o be_v proper_o capable_a of_o a_o law_n but_o that_o nature_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o make_v use_n of_o general_n precept_n which_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o hesiod_n when_o he_o say_v to_o man_n have_v god_n give_v law_n to_o be_v rule_v by_o but_o fish_n and_o beast_n and_o fowl_n that_o soar_v on_o high_a have_v no_o law_n do_v on_o each_o other_o prey_n but_o in_o good_a law_n do_v all_o our_o safety_n lay_v we_o say_v not_o of_o horse_n and_o lion_n m._n off._n lib._n 1._o vita_fw-la cat._n m._n say_v cicero_n that_o they_o be_v just_a neither_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v do_v we_o by_o nature_n make_v use_v of_o law_n or_o justice_n against_o any_o other_o creature_n but_o man_n among_o all_o other_o creature_n not_o endue_v with_o reason_n say_v lactantius_n nature_n be_v permit_v to_o be_v she_o own_o carver_n 5._o lib._n 5._o nocent_a aliis_fw-la ut_fw-la sibi_fw-la prosint_fw-la they_o destroy_v other_o to_o preserve_v themselves_o and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o be_v ignorant_a that_o they_o do_v amiss_o but_o man_n who_o have_v a_o faculty_n to_o discern_v good_a from_o evil_n wise_o abstain_v from_o hurt_v other_o though_o thereby_o he_o sometime_o incommodate_v himself_o 6._o lib._n 6._o polybius_n have_v declare_v upon_o what_o ground_n man_n at_o first_o enter_v into_o society_n add_v that_o when_o the_o rest_n see_v some_o man_n abuse_v their_o own_o parent_n and_o other_o behave_v themselves_o injurious_o towards_o their_o benefactor_n they_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o grieve_v at_o it_o whereof_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n for_o mankind_n say_v he_o be_v endue_v with_o understanding_n and_o reason_n above_o all_o other_o creature_n it_o be_v not_o credible_a that_o they_o shall_v behold_v act_n so_o abhorrent_n from_o nature_n without_o express_v some_o sign_n of_o discontent_n so_o likewise_o chrysostom_n this_o we_o learn_v from_o nature_n herself_o 13._o ●e_z statuis_fw-la 13._o that_o when_o we_o see_v one_o man_n abuse_v another_o we_o can_v but_o sympathize_v with_o the_o injure_a person_n and_o swell_v with_o indignation_n against_o the_o

chrysostom_n when_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o jew_n begin_v to_o decline_v and_o they_o make_v tributary_n to_o the_o roman_n they_o neither_o enjoy_v that_o full_a liberty_n which_o they_o do_v former_o nor_o be_v they_o in_o that_o pure_a subjection_n as_o now_o they_o be_v but_o be_v indeed_o honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o associate_n yet_o they_o pay_v tribute_n to_o their_o king_n and_o receive_v governor_n from_o they_o moreover_o they_o have_v the_o free_a use_n of_o their_o own_o law_n so_o that_o if_o any_o of_o their_o countryman_n offend_v they_o themselves_o punish_v they_o by_o their_o own_o law_n and_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o even_o this_o very_a acknowledgement_n of_o their_o own_o weakness_n and_o insufficiency_n do_v somewhat_o abate_v and_o detract_v from_o the_o majesty_n of_o their_o empire_n xxiii_o of_o such_o as_o hold_v their_o dominion_n in_o feud_n but_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o some_o to_o be_v more_o difficult_o to_o be_v answer_v be_v when_o one_o prince_n hold_v his_o dominion_n from_o another_o as_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o fief_n which_o yet_o may_v be_v sufficient_o answer_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o for_o in_o this_o contract_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o german_a nation_n and_o no_o where_o find_v but_o where_o they_o have_v plant_v themselves_o two_o thing_n be_v especial_o to_o be_v observe_v 1._o the_o personal_a obligation_n 2._o the_o right_n in_o the_o thing_n so_o hold_v the_o personal_a obligation_n be_v the_o same_o whether_o a_o man_n possess_v the_o very_a right_n of_o sovereignty_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o though_o lie_v elsewhere_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o fief_n but_o such_o a_o obligation_n as_o it_o take_v not_o from_o a_o private_a man_n the_o right_n of_o personal_a liberty_n so_o neither_o do_v it_o diminish_v any_o thing_n in_o a_o king_n or_o state_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n which_o be_v civil_a liberty_n which_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v understand_v by_o those_o land_n which_o be_v call_v freehold_n which_o consist_v in_o personal_a obligation_n only_o but_o give_v no_o right_a in_o the_o thing_n so_o hold_v for_o these_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o species_n of_o that_o unequal_a league_n whereof_o we_o have_v discourse_v before_o wherein_o the_o one_o promise_v fealty_n and_o the_o other_o safeguard_n or_o protection_n but_o admit_v they_o do_v swear_v faith_n and_o allegiance_n against_o all_o man_n yet_o will_v this_o detract_v nothing_o from_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o their_o own_o subject_n not_o at_o all_o in_o this_o place_n to_o mention_v that_o there_o be_v ever_o reserve_v in_o these_o oath_n a_o tacit_a condition_n that_o the_o war_n be_v just_a whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v elsewhere_o but_o as_o to_o the_o right_n in_o the_o thihg_n so_o hold_v it_o may_v be_v such_o that_o the_o very_o right_o of_o govern_v if_o hold_v in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o fief_n or_o fee_n may_v be_v lose_v and_o so_o return_v unto_o he_o that_o give_v it_o as_o well_o in_o case_n the_o family_n be_v extinct_a as_o also_o for_o some_o notorious_a crime_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v the_o supreme_a power_n for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o be_v another_o and_o by_o this_o right_n i_o find_v many_o king_n constitute_v by_o the_o roman_n so_o that_o the_o royal_a family_n fail_v the_o empire_n do_v escheat_n unto_o themselves_o as_o strabo_n observe_v of_o paphligonia_n and_o some_o other_o 12._o lib._n 12._o xxiv_o a_o man_n right_o distinguish_v from_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o right_n last_o we_o must_v also_o distinguish_v as_o in_o private_a dominion_n so_o in_o empire_n between_o the_o right_n itself_o and_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o right_n or_o between_o the_o first_o act_n and_o the_o second_o for_o as_o a_o king_n though_o a_o infant_n have_v a_o right_a to_o govern_v but_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o exercise_v that_o right_n so_o he_o that_o be_v mad_a or_o a_o prisoner_n or_o that_o so_o live_v in_o a_o foreign_a country_n that_o he_o be_v not_o permit_v free_o to_o act_v in_o such_o matter_n as_o concern_v the_o good_a of_o that_o empire_n that_o be_v remote_a from_o he_o 3._o vide_fw-la bo._n 3._o ch_n 20._o §._o 3._o for_o in_o all_o such_o case_n they_o have_v their_o lieutenant_n or_o viceroy_n to_o act_v for_o they_o wherefore_o demetrius_n live_v under_o restraint_n with_o seleucus_n do_v forbid_v any_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v to_o his_o letter_n or_o unto_o his_o seal_n demetr_v plut._n demetr_v but_o command_v that_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v so_o govern_v as_o if_o he_o be_v dead_a chap._n iu._n of_o a_o war_n make_v by_o subject_n against_o their_o superior_n i._o the_o question_n state_v ii_o war_n against_o superior_n as_o such_o ordinary_o unlawful_a this_o prove_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n iii_o by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n iv_o by_o the_o gospel_n law_n prove_v by_o scripture_n v._o by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n vi_o for_o inferior_a magistrate_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o supreme_a unlawful_a prove_v by_o reason_n and_o scripture_n vii_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o a_o case_n of_o extreme_a and_o inevitable_a necessity_n viii_o that_o a_o free_a people_n may_v make_v war_n against_o their_o prince_n if_o he_o be_v accountable_a unto_o they_o ix_o and_o against_o a_o king_n who_o have_v renounce_v his_o kingdom_n x._o or_o who_o be_v about_o to_o alienate_v it_o as_o to_o the_o delivery_n of_o it_o only_o xi_o or_o if_o a_o king_n do_v manifest_o carry_v himself_o as_o a_o profess_a enemy_n against_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o his_o people_n xii_o or_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o kingdom_n by_o a_o wilful_a breach_n of_o that_o condition_n upon_o which_o he_o be_v admit_v unto_o the_o empire_n xiii_o or_o if_o have_v but_o one_o part_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n he_o shall_v invade_v the_o other_o fourteen_o or_o if_o any_o such_o liberty_n of_o resistance_n be_v in_o such_o a_o case_n reserve_v unto_o the_o people_n at_o his_o admission_n xv._o how_o far_o forth_o obedience_n be_v due_a to_o he_o that_o usurp_v another_o man_n dominion_n xvi_o a_o usurper_n may_v be_v kill_v the_o war_n continue_v if_o no_o faith_n nor_o agreement_n be_v give_v or_o make_v to_o the_o contrary_n xvii_o or_o if_o licence_n be_v give_v by_o a_o antecedent_n law_n xviii_o or_o by_o warrant_n from_o he_o who_o have_v right_o to_o the_o empire_n xix_o why_o a_o usurper_n be_v not_o to_o be_v kill_v but_o in_o these_o case_n xx._n in_o a_o controvert_v right_o private_a man_n be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_n i._o the_o question_n state_v private_a man_n may_v without_o doubt_n make_v war_n against_o private_a man_n as_o the_o traveller_n against_o the_o thief_n or_o robber_n so_o may_v sovereign_a prince_n and_o state_n against_o sovereign_a prince_n as_o david_n against_o the_o king_n of_o the_o ammonite_n private_n man_n may_v make_v war_n against_o prince_n if_o not_o their_o own_o as_o abraham_n against_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n and_o his_o neighbour_n so_o may_v sovereign_a prince_n against_o private_a man_n whether_o they_o be_v their_o own_o subject_n as_o david_n against_o ishbosheth_n and_o his_o party_n or_o stranger_n as_o the_o roman_n against_o pirate_n the_o only_a doubt_n be_v whether_o any_o person_n or_o person_n public_a or_o private_a can_v make_v a_o lawful_a war_n against_o those_o that_o be_v set_v over_o they_o whether_o as_o supreme_a or_o as_o subordinate_a unto_o they_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v on_o all_o hand_n grant_v that_o they_o that_o be_v commissionated_a by_o the_o high_a power_n may_v make_v war_n against_o their_o inferior_n as_o nehemiah_n do_v against_o tobia_n and_o sanballat_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o artaxerxes_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o subject_n to_o make_v war_n against_o those_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n over_o they_o or_o against_o such_o as_o act_v by_o and_o according_a to_o their_o authority_n be_v the_o thing_n in_o question_n it_o be_v also_o by_o all_o good_a man_n acknowledge_v that_o if_o the_o command_v of_o a_o prince_n shall_v manifest_o contradict_v either_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o divine_a precept_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v obey_v for_o the_o apostle_n when_o they_o urge_v that_o maxim_n deo_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la hominibus_fw-la obediendum_fw-la that_o god_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v obey_v than_o man_n 4._o act._n 4._o unto_o such_o as_o forbid_v they_o to_o preach_v in_o the_o name_n of_o jesus_n do_v but_o appeal_v to_o a_o principle_n of_o right_a reason_n which_o nature_n have_v insculpt_v in_o every_o man_n breast_n and_o which_o plato_n express_v in_o almost_o

kill_v he_o and_o to_o a_o man_n or_o woman_n to_o kill_v he_o that_o shall_v attempt_v to_o ravish_v they_o arb._n aug._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr lib._n arb._n or_o after_o the_o rape_n be_v commit_v if_o they_o can_v so_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n he_o that_o shall_v slay_v a_o thief_n or_o a_o ravisher_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v for_o by_o a_o public_a and_o heroic_a act_n the_o one_o defend_v his_o life_n the_o other_o her_o chastity_n among_o woman_n that_o have_v thus_o defend_v their_o chastity_n with_o the_o death_n of_o he_o that_o attempt_v it_o heliodorus_n record_v the_o noble_a act_n of_o heraclea_n which_o he_o call_v a_o just_a defence_n of_o her_o honour_n another_o among_o man_n we_o have_v record_v by_o plutarch_n marii_fw-la plut._n vit_fw-mi marii_fw-la of_o one_o trebonius_n who_o slay_v c._n lusius_n a_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o marius_n his_o own_o sister_n son_n for_o attempt_v to_o bugger_v he_o for_o which_o fact_n he_o be_v by_o marius_n honour_v with_o a_o crown_n viii_o yet_o may_v this_o defence_n sometime_o be_v laudable_o omit_v although_o as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v he_o that_o be_v ready_a to_o kill_v i_o yet_o be_v it_o more_o commendable_a to_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v kill_v than_o to_o kill_v which_o some_o grant_n yet_o so_o that_o it_o be_v with_o this_o limitation_n that_o it_o except_v that_o person_n upon_o who_o the_o safety_n of_o many_o do_v much_o depend_v but_o i_o can_v judge_v it_o safe_a to_o impose_v this_o so_o contrary_a a_o law_n to_o patience_n upon_o all_o those_o who_o life_n be_v beneficial_a unto_o other_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o more_o convenient_a to_o restrain_v the_o exception_n to_o such_o only_a who_o office_n and_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o defend_v other_o from_o violence_n as_o to_o those_o who_o we_o have_v contract_v with_o as_o our_o guard_n to_o defend_v we_o in_o our_o journey_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n and_o to_o such_o as_o be_v public_a governor_n unto_o who_o that_o of_o lucan_n may_v not_o unfit_o be_v apply_v cum_fw-la tot_fw-la ab_fw-la hac_fw-la anima_fw-la populorum_fw-la vita_fw-la salusque_fw-la pendeat_fw-la &_o tantus_fw-la caput_fw-la hoc_fw-la sibi_fw-la fecerit_fw-la orbis_fw-la saevitia_fw-la est_fw-la voluisse_fw-la mori_fw-la since_o on_o thy_o life_n so_o many_o life_n depend_v and_o waste_v make_v head_n the_o member_n to_o defend_v to_o wish_v to_o die_v be_v madness_n as_o also_o that_o of_o curtius_n whilst_o thou_o unadvised_o expose_v thy_o life_n to_o so_o many_o peril_n 10._o lib._n 10._o thou_o do_v not_o remember_v how_o many_o of_o thy_o subject_n live_v thou_o endangerest_n which_o thou_o ought_v to_o defend_v ix_o our_o defence_n against_o a_o person_n public_o useful_a unlawful_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n on_o the_o contrary_a it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o life_n of_o he_o that_o endanger_v we_o be_v so_o beneficial_a to_o other_o that_o he_o can_v without_o sin_n be_v kill_v and_o that_o not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v forbid_v by_o god_n law_n both_o in_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n which_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v where_o we_o show_v that_o the_o person_n of_o a_o king_n be_v sacred_a but_o by_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n for_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n as_o it_o signify_v a_o law_n do_v not_o only_o respect_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o that_o which_o we_o call_v expletive_a justice_n but_o it_o comprehend_v also_o the_o act_n of_o fortitude_n temperance_n and_o prudence_n as_o be_v in_o some_o certain_a circumstance_n not_o only_o honest_a and_o laudable_a but_o strict_o due_a but_o unto_o this_o that_o we_o have_v say_v we_o stand_v oblige_v by_o charity_n neither_o be_o i_o at_o all_o startle_v from_o this_o opinion_n of_o i_o by_o what_o vasquius_fw-la urge_v that_o the_o prince_n that_o shall_v insult_n over_o a_o innocent_a person_n do_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la cease_v to_o be_v a_o prince_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v say_v less_o true_a or_o more_o dangerous_a for_o as_o right_n and_o property_n so_o sovereignty_n be_v not_o lose_v by_o misgovernment_n misgovernment_n sovereignty_n not_o lose_v by_o misgovernment_n unless_o some_o law_n do_v so_o determine_v it_o but_o by_o what_o law_n be_v it_o ever_o yet_o decree_v that_o king_n shall_v lose_v their_o sovereignty_n by_o a_o offence_n commit_v against_o a_o private_a person_n sure_o there_o be_v no_o such_o law_n ever_o yet_o find_v nor_o i_o believe_v ever_o will_v be_v for_o the_o condition_n of_o prince_n will_v then_o be_v very_o slippery_a and_o the_o commonwealth_n soon_o fall_v into_o confusion_n and_o as_o to_o that_o which_o vasquius_fw-la lay_v as_o his_o ground_n work_n confute_v the_o error_n of_o vasquius_fw-la confute_v whereupon_o he_o erect_v this_o and_o many_o other_o such_o dangerous_a conclusion_n as_o namely_o that_o all_o sovereignty_n be_v grant_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o not_o of_o the_o king_n be_v it_o universal_o true_a yet_o be_v it_o nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n for_o the_o thing_n itself_o do_v not_o then_o whole_o cease_v although_o the_o benefit_n or_o profit_n thereof_o do_v in_o some_o part_n cease_v and_o whereas_o he_o add_v that_o every_o man_n wish_v well_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o his_o own_o sake_n and_o therefore_o every_o man_n shall_v prefer_v his_o own_o safety_n before_o that_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v for_o although_o we_o do_v wish_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o our_o own_o sake_n because_o our_o own_o safety_n be_v include_v in_o it_o yet_o do_v we_o not_o wish_v it_o only_o for_o our_o own_o sake_n but_o for_o the_o good_a of_o other_o also_o for_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o philosopher_n who_o hold_v that_o true_a friendship_n do_v arise_v out_o of_o some_o indigency_n or_o insufficiency_n be_v reject_v as_o false_a and_o pernicious_a see_v that_o man_n be_v a_o creature_n natural_o sociable_a be_v prompt_o and_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n incline_v unto_o it_o but_o that_o i_o shall_v prefer_v the_o common_a safety_n before_o my_o own_o charity_n do_v sometime_o persuade_v and_o sometime_o command_v i_o plutarch_n will_v tell_v we_o pelop._n vita_fw-la pelop._n that_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o valour_n be_v to_o defend_v our_o defender_n and_o cassiodore_n illustrate_v this_o by_o a_o very_a fit_a comparison_n if_o the_o hand_n say_v he_o by_o its_o intelligence_n from_o the_o eye_n perceive_v a_o blow_n threaten_v the_o head_n without_o regard_n to_o its_o own_o safety_n it_o will_v interpose_v itself_o between_o it_o and_o danger_n from_o whence_o he_o infer_v that_o they_o who_o to_o redeem_v their_o prince_n his_o life_n hazard_n nay_o lose_v their_o own_o do_v but_o the_o same_o in_o the_o politic_n which_o the_o hand_n by_o instinct_n do_v in_o the_o body_n natural_a it_o be_v no_o marvel_n say_v seneca_n if_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v the_o guardian_n of_o public_a state_n be_v dear_a unto_o we_o than_o our_o own_o relation_n for_o if_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a 4._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr clem._n c._n 4._o the_o public_a good_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o private_a man_n it_o will_v easy_o follow_v that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o father_n of_o our_o country_n deserve_v to_o be_v dear_a unto_o we_o than_o the_o father_n of_o any_o one_o family_n or_o as_o st._n ambrose_n speak_v he_o that_o deliver_v a_o nation_n from_o desolation_n merit_v more_o love_n 3_o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 3._o c._n 3_o than_o he_o that_o deliver_v we_o from_o particular_a danger_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o seneca_n do_v high_o commend_v calistratus_n and_o rutilius_n the_o one_o a_o athenian_a the_o other_o a_o roman_a who_o refuse_v to_o have_v their_o own_o estate_n restore_v unto_o themselves_o by_o the_o public_a ruin_n 17._o lib._n 6._o the_o b●n_n c._n 17._o esteem_v it_o much_o better_a to_o perish_v by_o themselves_o than_o to_o redeem_v their_o own_o life_n and_o fortune_n with_o the_o destruction_n of_o their_o country_n x._o to_o kill_v any_o man_n for_o a_o slight_a injury_n not_o lawful_a for_o christian_n there_o be_v also_o that_o hold_v it_o lawful_a to_o defend_v ourselves_o from_o any_o slight_a injury_n as_o a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n or_o the_o like_a even_o by_o kill_v he_o that_o attempt_v it_o but_o respect_n be_v herein_o have_v to_o justice_n mere_o expletive_a i_o can_v dissent_v from_o they_o for_o although_o the_o inequality_n be_v very_o great_a between_o a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n and_o death_n yet_o he_o that_o shall_v attempt_v to_o injure_v i_o do_v therein_o give_v i_o a_o right_n that_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o moral_a power_n to_o oppose_v he_o without_o any_o limitation_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o i_o can_v

otherwise_o repel_v or_o avoid_v the_o evil_n intend_v against_o i_o neither_o do_v charity_n by_o itself_o seem_v to_o restrain_v we_o herein_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o nocent_a linus_n the_o musician_n provoke_v his_o disciple_n hercules_n with_o a_o slight_a blow_n have_v his_o brain_n beat_v out_o by_o hercules_n with_o his_o own_o harp_n and_o be_v by_o some_o arraign_v for_o the_o murder_n appeal_v for_o his_o indemnity_n to_o that_o law_n of_o rhadamant_n whereby_o he_o that_o wound_v another_o be_v by_o he_o first_o assault_v be_v declare_v innocent_a but_o the_o christian_a law_n do_v clear_o forbid_v it_o and_o christ_n himself_o do_v express_o charge_v his_o disciple_n patient_o to_o suffer_v any_o such_o slight_a injury_n though_o reiterated_a rath●r_o than_o to_o hurt_v our_o adversary_n how_o much_o more_o do_v he_o forbid_v they_o to_o kill_v he_o to_o avoid_v a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n by_o which_o particular_a instance_n we_o be_v sufficient_o caution_v against_o that_o of_o covarruvias_n that_o man_n understanding_n be_v well_o instruct_v in_o what_o be_v natural_o right_a will_v not_o endure_v that_o any_o thing_n shall_v in_o natural_a reason_n be_v permit_v that_o be_v not_o also_o permit_v by_o god_n who_o be_v very_a nature_n itself_o for_o god_n who_o be_v so_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n that_o he_o sometime_o act_n free_o above_o nature_n have_v a_o right_a to_o bind_v and_o to_o limit_v we_o by_o law_n even_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n free_a and_o indefinite_a much_o more_o have_v he_o power_n to_o oblige_v we_o to_o that_o which_o be_v natural_o honest_a though_o not_o due_a but_o a_o wonder_n it_o be_v that_o since_o god_n will_v be_v in_o this_o point_n so_o express_o declare_v in_o the_o gospel_n 5._o navarr_n c_o 15._o 4_o henr._n de_fw-fr irregul_n c._n 11._o vict._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la be_v l●_n n._n 5._o there_o shall_v yet_o be_v find_v so_o many_o christian_n yea_o and_o those_o divine_n who_o maintain_v not_o only_o that_o for_o the_o avoid_n of_o a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n or_o such_o like_a slight_a injury_n we_o may_v lawful_o kill_v our_o adversary_n but_o that_o in_o case_n he_o that_o have_v smite_v we_o do_v fly_v yet_o may_v we_o pursue_v he_o even_o to_o death_n for_o the_o vindication_n of_o our_o own_o honour_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o equidistant_a from_o natural_a reason_n what_o honour_n what_o as_o from_o christian_a piety_n for_o honour_n est_fw-la opinio_fw-la de_fw-fr excellentia_fw-la revenge_n see_v more_o in_o patience_n than_o a_o overhasty_a revenge_n honour_n be_v a_o opinion_n of_o some_o excellency_n in_o the_o person_n honour_v but_o he_o that_o can_v bear_v such_o a_o injury_n do_v express_v himself_o eminent_o patient_a and_o by_o that_o mean_n do_v rather_o magnify_v than_o diminish_v his_o own_o honour_n neither_o be_v it_o much_o material_a that_o some_o man_n of_o corrupt_a judgement_n do_v reproach_n this_o virtue_n by_o the_o name_n of_o cowardice_n for_o those_o shallow_a head_n can_v neither_o alter_v the_o thing_n itself_o nor_o lessen_v the_o reputation_n of_o it_o neither_o be_v this_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n only_o but_o of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n also_o who_o ever_o account_v it_o a_o argument_n of_o a_o weak_a and_o pusillanimous_a spirit_n not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o digest_v a_o injury_n charity_n to_o kill_v a_o man_n for_o a_o slight_a injury_n though_o natural_o lawful_a yet_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o of_o charity_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v collect_v how_o deserve_o their_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v explode_v who_o hold_v it_o lawful_a by_o even_o divine_a right_n for_o that_o it_o may_v be_v so_o by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n i_o deny_v not_o to_o defend_v ourselves_o even_o from_o mean_a and_o slight_a injury_n by_o even_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v although_o we_o may_v without_o any_o danger_n avoid_v he_o by_o flight_n or_o otherwise_o because_o it_o be_v account_v dishonourable_a in_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n so_o to_o do_v whereas_o indeed_o the_o scandal_n be_v not_o just_o give_v but_o by_o a_o popular_a misprision_n unjust_o take_v and_o by_o all_o those_o who_o understand_v wherein_o true_a wisdom_n and_o valour_n do_v consist_v to_o be_v contemn_v and_o it_o do_v not_o a_o little_a rejoice_v i_o that_o herein_o i_o have_v the_o concurrent_a opinion_n of_o that_o excellent_a lawyer_n charles_n moline_n among_o other_o to_o abett_v i_o 119._o in_o addit_fw-la ad_fw-la alex._n cons_n 119._o now_o what_o be_v say_v of_o a_o blow_n on_o the_o cheek_n and_o of_o flight_n the_o very_a same_o may_v also_o be_v say_v in_o all_o such_o case_n wherein_o our_o honour_n or_o reputation_n be_v not_o great_o wound_v but_o what_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v speak_v that_o of_o we_o which_o be_v believe_v may_v blast_v our_o credit_n and_o esteem_v with_o man_n some_o there_o be_v that_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o we_o may_v lawful_o kill_v he_o also_o 376._o pet._n navar._n l._n 2._o c._n 3._o n._n 376._o but_o very_o erroneous_o and_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o this_o be_v no_o fit_a mean_n whereby_o we_o may_v hope_v to_o clear_v our_o fame_n or_o to_o repair_v our_o good_a name_n be_v sully_v xi_o to_o kill_v any_o man_n in_o defence_n of_o our_o good_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o unlawful_a let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o those_o injury_n whereby_o we_o be_v damnify_v in_o our_o good_n or_o estate_n and_o if_o we_o respect_v expletive_a justice_n only_o i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o they_o the_o robber_n if_o need_v be_v may_v be_v kill_v for_o as_o there_o be_v some_o inequality_n between_o a_o righteous_a man_n and_o a_o thief_n so_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n the_o good_n of_o the_o innocent_a be_v even_o balance_v with_o the_o life_n of_o the_o nocent_a whence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o we_o respect_v this_o right_n only_a a_o thief_n fly_v away_o with_o steal_a good_n if_o those_o good_n can_v otherwise_o be_v recover_v may_v be_v kill_v so_o demosthenes_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o aristocrates_n be_v it_o not_o say_v he_o a_o very_a sad_a case_n and_o contrary_a to_o all_o law_n and_o equity_n that_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v permit_v to_o use_v violence_n against_o he_o who_o by_o violence_n have_v dispossess_v i_o of_o my_o good_n neither_o do_v common_a charity_n set_v aside_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n hinder_v i_o by_o way_n of_o precept_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o thing_n of_o so_o small_a value_n as_o deserve_v rather_o to_o be_v slight_v than_o with_o such_o eagerness_n to_o be_v prosecute_v which_o be_v a_o exception_n that_o some_o writer_n do_v admit_v of_o xii_o how_o far_o lawful_a by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n let_v we_o now_o see_v in_o what_o sense_n the_o moysaicall_a law_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v whereunto_o that_o old_a law_n of_o solon_n be_v parallel_v which_o demosthenes_n commemorate_v against_o timocrates_n from_o whence_o be_v take_v the_o law_n of_o the_o 12._o table_n and_o that_o of_o plato_n also_o in_o his_o nine_o de_fw-la legibus_fw-la all_o which_o law_n do_v agree_v in_o this_o that_o they_o put_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o a_o night_n and_o a_o day-thief_n but_o concern_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o law_n there_o be_v some_o question_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n distinguish_v the_o day-thief_n and_o the_o night-thief_n distinguish_v that_o the_o only_a reason_n of_o this_o law_n be_v because_o by_o night_n it_o can_v well_o be_v discern_v whether_o he_o that_o break_v into_o a_o house_n be_v a_o thief_n or_o a_o murderer_n and_o therefore_o to_o prevent_v the_o worst_a he_o may_v be_v kill_v as_o a_o murderer_n other_o place_v the_o difference_n in_o this_o that_o in_o the_o night_n a_o thief_n can_v be_v know_v and_o consequent_o the_o good_n steal_a can_v be_v recover_v and_o therefore_o he_o may_v be_v kill_v but_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o lawmaker_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o either_o of_o these_o proper_o but_o rather_o that_o none_o ought_v to_o be_v kill_v for_o steal_v of_o good_n direct_o yet_o that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o good_n steal_v might_n occasion_n the_o death_n of_o he_o that_o steal_v they_o namely_o when_o the_o good_n steal_a can_v otherwise_o be_v recover_v but_o by_o kill_v he_o who_o be_v fly_v away_o with_o they_o but_o if_o i_o myself_o in_o pursue_v after_o my_o good_n shall_v be_v bring_v into_o danger_n of_o my_o life_n than_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o redeem_v my_o own_o life_n out_o of_o danger_n though_o with_o the_o hazard_n or_o loss_n of_o another_o man_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v

in_o small_a party_n that_o they_o shall_v march_v unarm_v or_o that_o they_o shall_v give_v security_n to_o repair_v all_o damage_n that_o shall_v be_v do_v which_o be_v require_v from_o isacius_n for_o his_o passage_n through_o germany_n which_o custom_n as_o strabo_n note_n be_v ancient_o observe_v in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o aeleans_n or_o that_o he_o through_o who_o country_n the_o army_n be_v to_o pass_v may_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o he_o that_o demand_v leave_v hire_v sufficient_a force_n to_o guard_v his_o own_o subject_n or_o that_o hostage_n may_v be_v give_v which_o seleucus_n require_v of_o demetrius_n to_o suffer_v he_o to_o stay_v a_o while_n within_o the_o border_n of_o his_o empire_n many_o notable_a caution_n and_o remedy_n we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o nicetas_n 2._o nicetas_n l._n 2._o make_v and_o agree_v on_o by_o frederick_n barbarossa_n 1._o de_fw-fr bell_n gall._n lib._n 1._o and_o isacius_n angelus_n concern_v the_o free_a passage_n of_o a_o army_n yet_o caesar_n we_o read_v deny_v the_o swisser_n passage_n through_o his_o province_n because_o he_o believe_v they_o to_o be_v a_o people_n so_o rapacious_a that_o they_o can_v not_o abstain_v from_o act_n of_o violence_n so_o likewise_o neither_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o he_o against_o who_o he_o that_o crave_v passage_n make_v a_o just_a war_n any_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o deny_v passage_n nor_o be_v it_o sufficient_a to_o say_v he_o may_v pass_v some_o other_o way_n for_o so_o may_v any_o other_o say_v and_o consequent_o by_o that_o mean_v all_o right_a of_o passage_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o but_o it_o be_v enough_o that_o without_o any_o fraud_n or_o ill_a meaning_n passage_n be_v demand_v the_o near_a or_o most_o convenient_a way_n yet_o certain_o if_o he_o that_o crave_v passage_n do_v make_v a_o unjust_a war_n or_o shall_v lead_v with_o he_o such_o as_o be_v my_o enemy_n i_o may_v deny_v they_o for_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o meet_v he_o even_o in_o his_o own_o territory_n to_o intercept_v his_o passage_n into_o i_o neither_o be_v there_o only_o a_o right_n in_o common_a due_n for_o person_n to_o pass_v to_o and_o fro_o about_o their_o lawful_a affair_n but_o for_o their_o merchandise_n for_o to_o hinder_v any_o one_o nation_n from_o maintain_v commerce_n and_o traffic_n with_o another_o that_o be_v remote_a from_o they_o unjust_a to_o hinder_v traffic_n with_o remote_a nation_n be_v unjust_a be_v unjust_a for_o that_o this_o freedom_n may_v be_v admit_v and_o maintain_v be_v for_o the_o common_a interest_n of_o humane_a society_n neither_o can_v it_o bring_v damage_n unto_o any_o for_o although_o a_o man_n do_v sometime_o fall_v short_a of_o that_o gain_n which_o be_v not_o due_a but_o hope_v for_o only_a we_o ought_v not_o to_o register_v this_o among_o the_o number_n of_o our_o loss_n to_o these_o testimony_n which_o we_o have_v already_o produce_v to_o this_o purpose_n cajum_fw-la in_o legatione_fw-la ad_fw-la cajum_fw-la we_o shall_v add_v this_o one_o out_o of_o philo_n merchant_n ship_n do_v sail_n over_o the_o sea_n without_o danger_n with_o such_o good_n as_o nation_n out_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o participate_v of_o each_o other_o commodity_n do_v carry_v for_o exchange_v whilst_o they_o mutual_o relieve_v the_o want_n of_o the_o one_o with_o the_o superfluity_n of_o the_o other_o and_o another_o out_o of_o plutarch_n who_o concern_v the_o sea_n speak_v thus_o our_o life_n which_o be_v otherwise_o wild_a and_o unfit_a for_o commerce_n this_o element_n perfect_v and_o make_v sociable_a supply_v whatsoever_o be_v want_v in_o one_o nation_n out_o of_o the_o store_v of_o the_o other_o and_o by_o the_o exchange_n of_o merchandises_n contract_v a_o friendly_a consociation_n wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o libanius_n god_n say_v he_o have_v not_o make_v any_o one_o part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o storehouse_n of_o all_o his_o blessing_n but_o have_v wise_o distribute_v they_o through_o all_o nation_n that_o so_o each_o need_v another_o help_n he_o may_v thereby_o lead_v man_n to_o society_n and_o to_o this_o end_n he_o discover_v unto_o they_o the_o art_n of_o merchandise_v that_o so_o whatsoever_o any_o nation_n produce_v may_v be_v communicate_v unto_o other_o and_o therefore_o euripides_n reckon_v navigation_n among_o those_o thing_n which_o humane_a reason_n have_v find_v out_o for_o a_o public_a good_a so_o theseus_n speak_v very_o pertinent_o what_o to_o one_o nation_n nature_n do_v deny_v that_o she_o from_o other_o do_v by_o sea_n supply_v fourteen_o whether_o toll_v may_v be_v impose_v on_o merchandises_n but_o a_o question_n will_v arise_v whether_o upon_o such_o merchandise_n as_o be_v thus_o transport_v either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o a_o river_n or_o in_o some_o small_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o may_v be_v call_v access_n to_o land_n toll_n may_v be_v impose_v by_o he_o who_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n in_o that_o land_n and_o doubtless_o if_o such_o imposition_n have_v no_o respect_n to_o the_o good_n there_o can_v be_v no_o colour_n of_o equity_n to_o impose_v they_o on_o the_o good_n as_o if_o a_o tax_n be_v lay_v by_o the_o pole_n upon_o subject_n to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n it_o can_v be_v require_v of_o merchant_n who_o pass_v as_o stranger_n but_o if_o either_o for_o the_o better_a secure_n of_o their_o merchandise_n or_o if_o for_o this_o among_o other_o thing_n the_o prince_n shall_v be_v at_o any_o great_a charge_n then_o to_o recompense_v that_o charge_n toll_n may_v be_v impose_v upon_o those_o good_n that_o shall_v be_v thus_o secure_v so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o excessive_a 10.28.12.14_o 1_o kin._n 10.28.12.14_o for_o hereupon_o depend_v the_o justice_n of_o tax_n and_o tribute_n thus_o we_o read_v that_o king_n solomon_n receive_v toll_v for_o horse_n and_o linen_n thread_n pass_v by_o the_o syrian_a isthmus_n so_o pliny_n of_o frankincense_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v transport_v by_o any_o but_o the_o gebanite_n therefore_o there_o be_v a_o toll_n pay_v unto_o the_o king_n for_o they_o so_o the_o people_n of_o marselles_n be_v exceed_o enrich_v by_o a_o channel_n or_o trench_n which_o marius_n cause_v to_o be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o rhine_n into_o the_o sea_n impose_v a_o toll_n for_o all_o ship_n import_v or_o export_v any_o kind_n of_o merchandises_n as_o strabo_n note_v 8._o lib._n 4._o lib._n 8._o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o corinthian_n do_v by_o a_o very_a ancient_a custom_n require_v toll_n for_o all_o such_o good_n as_o be_v carry_v over_o land_n from_o sea_n to_o sea_n to_o avoid_v that_o dangerous_a passage_n of_o malea_n the_o like_a do_v the_o roman_n receive_v for_o pass_v the_o rhine_n thus_o do_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n exact_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o gold_n for_o every_o ship_n pass_v the_o sound_n and_o as_o much_o for_o the_o lade_n with_o some_o other_o small_a sum_n to_o mountain_n fire_n and_o barrel_n to_o guide_v merchant_n that_o they_o may_v avoid_v rock_n and_o shelf_n as_o mr._n cambden_n relate_v nay_o for_o pass_v over_o bridges_n be_v toll_n in_o some_o place_n pay_v say_v seneca_n yea_o and_o for_o pass_v over_o river_n as_o all_o our_o law_n book_n testify_v but_o these_o toll_n be_v sometime_o very_o excessive_a whereof_o strabo_n complain_v thus_o difficile_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la inter_fw-la validos_fw-la &_o feroces_fw-la definiatur_fw-la modus_fw-la mercatori_fw-la non_fw-la gravis_fw-la it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o find_v among_o fierce_a and_o warlike_a nation_n such_o imposition_n as_o be_v not_o to_o the_o merchant_n grievous_a xv._o a_o right_a in_o common_a to_o stay_v for_o a_o time_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o common_a right_n for_o all_o that_o travel_v as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n to_o stay_v and_o rest_n for_o a_o while_n in_o any_o foreign_a part_n either_o for_o health_n or_o for_o any_o other_o just_a cause_n this_o be_v comprehend_v among_o thing_n innocent_o profitable_a and_o therefore_o ilioneus_n in_o virgil_n be_v forbid_v to_o stay_v on_o the_o african_a shore_n presume_v to_o invoke_v the_o god_n as_o judge_n and_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o megarense_n against_o the_o athenian_n for_o deny_v they_o admittance_n into_o their_o port_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o grecian_n to_o have_v be_v just_a as_o be_v against_o common_a right_n as_o plutarch_n note_v the_o shore_n be_v his_o that_o occupy_v it_o perici_n vit._n perici_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v cruel_a who_o deny_v we_o thing_n that_o be_v common_a hercules_n slay_v laomedon_n for_o deny_v he_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o port_n and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n think_v not_o cause_n of_o war_n can_v be_v more_o just_a than_o to_o be_v deny_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o consequent_o it_o be_v likewise_o lawful_a to_o erect_v a_o

man_n enjoy_v his_o own_o paneg._n paneg._n so_o say_v pliny_n the_o empire_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v much_o great_a than_o his_o private_a patrimony_n now_o there_o be_v common_o two_o thing_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o empire_n first_o person_n which_o alone_o sometime_o suffice_v as_o in_o a_o army_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n seek_v new_a plantation_n second_o land_n which_o be_v call_v territory_n and_o although_o both_o empire_n and_o dominion_n be_v usual_o gain_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o art_n yet_o be_v they_o in_o themselves_o distinct_a so_o we_o find_v in_o apollodorus_n that_o the_o land_n as_o well_o in_o arcadia_n as_o in_o attica_n be_v divide_v yet_o the_o empire_n remain_v in_o one_o only_a and_o therefore_o although_o the_o dominion_n or_o property_n of_o thing_n do_v usual_o pass_v not_o to_o subject_n only_o but_o sometime_o to_o stranger_n yet_o may_v the_o sovereignty_n still_o remain_v where_o it_o be_v before_o siculus_n in_o the_o book_n that_o he_o write_v concern_v the_o condition_n of_o land_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o field_n belong_v to_o their_o own_o colony_n be_v insufficient_a they_o that_o take_v the_o care_n to_o assign_v and_o divide_v the_o land_n do_v apportion_n to_o such_o of_o their_o citizen_n as_o come_v afterward_o such_o field_n as_o they_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o neighbour_a territory_n content_v themselves_o with_o the_o bare_a possession_n but_o leave_v the_o jurisdiction_n over_o they_o unto_o those_o who_o the_o territory_n be_v demosthenes_n call_v those_o field_n which_o lie_v within_o their_o own_o territory_n inheritance_n but_o those_o that_o lay_v in_o another_o possession_n only_o v._o that_o the_o right_n of_o possess_v thing_n movable_a may_v by_o law_n be_v prevent_v but_o in_o a_o place_n who_o empire_n be_v already_o possess_v the_o right_a of_o occupancy_n as_o to_o thing_n movable_a may_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v anticipate_v as_o we_o say_v above_o for_o this_o right_n proceed_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n rather_o permit_v it_o than_o command_v that_o it_o be_v always_o lawful_a neither_o indeed_o do_v humane_a society_n require_v it_o and_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v object_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n seem_v to_o justify_v it_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o although_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o common_o be_v or_o have_v be_v so_o receive_v yet_o do_v it_o never_o amount_v to_o a_o compact_a or_o general_a argument_n among_o all_o nation_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o but_o be_v rather_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o many_o nation_n distribute_v which_o notwithstanding_o may_v by_o any_o particular_a nation_n be_v reject_v as_o indeed_o there_o be_v many_o other_o thing_n which_o our_o civil_a lawyer_n seem_v to_o justify_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n when_o they_o treat_v of_o the_o division_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_a propriety_n and_o dominion_n vi_o upon_o what_o right_a the_o dominion_n of_o infant_n and_o madman_n be_v ground_v this_o also_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o no_o right_a of_o propriety_n can_v be_v admit_v to_o those_o who_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o the_o common_a good_a do_v indulge_v this_o favour_n unto_o infant_n idiot_n and_o madman_n that_o they_o may_v lawful_o receive_v and_o retain_v the_o propriety_n of_o thing_n all_o mankind_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n favour_v and_o as_o it_o be_v sustain_v their_o person_n for_o humane_a law_n may_v constitute_v many_o thing_n that_o be_v preternatural_a but_o not_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v against_o nature_n and_o therefore_o that_o right_n of_o dominion_n that_o in_o favour_n to_o such_o be_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o civilise_v nation_n thus_o introduce_v may_v haply_o consist_v with_o the_o first_o act_n of_o dominion_n which_o be_v a_o power_n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v thing_n in_o propriety_n but_o not_o with_o the_o second_o act_n which_o be_v free_o and_o voluntary_o to_o dispose_v of_o they_o by_o themselves_o without_o a_o guardian_n for_o as_o to_o the_o right_n of_o alienation_n and_o the_o like_a because_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n they_o imply_v the_o act_n of_o a_o will_n guide_v with_o reason_n which_o infant_n and_o madman_n have_v not_o therefore_o do_v not_o the_o law_n permit_v these_o act_n unto_o they_o whereunto_o the_o apostle_n allude_v gal._n 4.1_o 4.1_o gal._n 4.1_o the_o pupil_n though_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o the_o inheritance_n yet_o during_o his_o nonage_n be_v no_o better_a than_o a_o servant_n that_o be_v as_o to_o the_o use_n and_o free_a exercise_n of_o his_o right_n we_o have_v heretofore_o begin_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o we_o shall_v now_o complete_a vii_o that_o river_n may_v be_v possess_v in_o our_o own_o proper_a right_n river_n may_v be_v hold_v in_o propriety_n though_o neither_o the_o water_n above_o nor_o beneath_o be_v include_v within_o our_o territory_n but_o do_v co-here_a with_o both_o or_o with_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o denominate_v they_o we_o that_o their_o great_a part_n that_o be_v their_o bank_n on_o both_o side_n wherein_o they_o be_v include_v be_v we_o and_o that_o that_o river_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o land_n adjoin_v be_v but_o a_o small_a thing_n viii_o whether_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v so_o but_o by_o this_o it_o shall_v also_o appear_v that_o the_o sea_n may_v have_v be_v hold_v possess_v by_o he_o that_o on_o both_o side_n possess_v the_o shore_n yea_o although_o it_o be_v open_a above_o as_o a_o gulf_n or_o both_o above_o and_o below_o as_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o as_o it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o land_n it_o can_v reasonable_o be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o part_n or_o portion_n of_o they_o now_o what_o be_v lawful_a to_o any_o one_o king_n or_o people_n may_v also_o be_v lawful_a to_o two_o or_o three_o in_o case_n they_o be_v willing_a to_o possess_v the_o sea_n run_v alike_o between_o they_o so_o we_o have_v see_v some_o great_a river_n glide_v between_o two_o territory_n occupy_v by_o both_o at_o first_o but_o at_o last_o divide_v ix_o not_o so_o of_o old_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o the_o former_a age_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v forbid_v that_o any_o one_o people_n shall_v challenge_v any_o right_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o in_o the_o sea_n though_o it_o be_v only_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v neither_o can_v we_o approve_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o think_v that_o when_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v tell_v we_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o all_o the_o roman_a citizen_n for_o first_o the_o word_n be_v so_o general_a that_o they_o can_v admit_v of_o such_o a_o limitation_n for_o what_o the_o latin_n render_v in_o these_o word_n omnium_fw-la commune_fw-la the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o theophilus_n expound_v by_o these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_a to_o all_o man_n and_o ulpian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n as_o open_v and_o free_a for_o all_o man_n as_o the_o air._n and_o so_o do_v celsus_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o all_o man_n alike_o common_a beside_o civilian_n do_v manifest_o distinguish_v the_o public_a thing_n of_o the_o people_n among_o which_o they_o reckon_v river_n from_o those_o that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n for_o so_o we_o read_v in_o the_o constitution_n that_o some_o thing_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n common_a to_o all_o and_o some_o thing_n be_v public_a by_o natural_a right_n these_o thing_n be_v alike_o common_a to_o all_o the_o air_n run_v water_n the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n adjoin_v but_o all_o river_n and_o port_n be_v public_a the_o very_a same_o also_o we_o read_v in_o theophilus_n and_o other_o concern_v the_o sea_n coast_n neratius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o public_a as_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o people_n but_o as_o those_o which_o nature_n at_o the_o first_o discover_v but_o be_v never_o since_o in_o the_o occupancy_n of_o any_o no_o not_o of_o any_o one_o people_n which_o seem_v to_o contradict_v that_o of_o celsus_n who_o say_v that_o to_o what_o place_n soever_o the_o roman_a empire_n do_v extend_v itself_o there_o the_o shore_n be_v as_o i_o conceive_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n but_o the_o sea_n as_o

faciat_fw-la non_fw-la voluntas_fw-la as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o sex_n that_o make_v the_o crime_n not_o the_o will_n but_o with_o we_o what_o be_v unlawful_a for_o woman_n be_v equal_o unlawful_a for_o man_n the_o same_o yoke_n bind_v both_o to_o the_o like_a condition_n there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o our_o bless_a saviour_n in_o the_o forecited_n place_n objection_n namely_o mat._n 5.32_o and_o mat._n 19.9_o do_v not_o ordain_v a_o new_a law_n but_o only_o restore_v the_o old_a aledge_v for_o themselves_o the_o very_a word_n of_o our_o saviour_n which_o seem_v to_o reduce_v 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o original_a institution_n ab_fw-la initio_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la sic_fw-la from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v not_o so_o whereunto_o we_o may_v answer_v answer_v that_o from_o our_o first_o condition_n when_o god_n to_o one_o man_n give_v but_o one_o woman_n we_o may_v well_o collect_v what_o be_v best_a for_o man_n and_o what_o most_o acceptable_a to_o god_n and_o from_o thence_o conclude_v that_o to_o walk_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n be_v ever_o most_o safe_a and_o commendable_a but_o we_o can_v from_o thence_o infer_v that_o to_o have_v many_o wife_n be_v sinful_a for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o transgression_n but_o in_o those_o time_n there_o be_v no_o such_o law_n extant_a so_o also_o when_o god_n say_v whether_o by_o adam_n or_o by_o moses_n that_o this_o league_n of_o matrimony_n be_v so_o sacred_a and_o strict_a that_o the_o husband_n be_v oblige_v to_o separate_v himself_o from_o his_o father_n house_n and_o together_o with_o his_o wife_n plant_v another_o family_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v say_v to_o pharaoh_n daughter_n psal_n 45.11_o forget_v also_o thy_o own_o people_n and_o thy_o father_n house_n and_o although_o we_o may_v collect_v from_o this_o strong_a consignation_n how_o acceptable_a it_o will_v be_v to_o god_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v perpetual_a yet_o it_o can_v from_o hence_o be_v evince_v that_o even_o than_o it_o be_v command_v that_o this_o knot_n shall_v not_o be_v abraham_n lib._n 1._o c._n 14._o de_fw-fr abraham_n for_o any_o cause_n whatsoever_o dissolve_v st._n ambrose_n in_o the_o case_n of_o polygamy_n distinguish_v that_o which_o god_n commend_v in_o paradise_n from_o condemn_v the_o contrary_a but_o christ_n forbid_v any_o man_n to_o separate_v those_o who_o god_n by_o his_o first_o institution_n do_v conjoin_v make_v that_o a_o matter_n worthy_a of_o his_o new_a law_n 4._o grat._n c._n 33._o q._n 4._o which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v best_a for_o man_n and_o most_o acceptable_a to_o god_n 2._o most_o nation_n tolerate_v divorce_n and_o polygamy_n de_fw-fr moribus_fw-la germ._n herodian_a l._n 2._o certain_a it_o be_v that_o most_o nation_n in_o ancient_a time_n do_v both_o indulge_v unto_o themselves_o the_o liberty_n of_o divorce_n and_o also_o of_o enjoy_v plurality_n of_o wife_n of_o all_o barbarous_a nation_n the_o german_n be_v well_o nigh_o the_o only_a people_n record_v by_o tacitus_n that_o be_v content_v with_o one_o wife_n but_o the_o persian_a indian_a and_o thracian_a history_n do_v clear_o testify_v the_o lawfulness_n among_o they_o both_o of_o polygamy_n and_o divorce_n among_o the_o egyptian_n their_o priest_n only_o be_v restrain_v to_o one_o wife_n and_o among_o the_o grecian_n as_o athenaeus_n tell_v we_o cecrops_n be_v the_o first_o that_o allow_v to_o one_o man_n but_o one_o wife_n and_o yet_o that_o this_o be_v no_o long-lived_a practice_n among_o the_o athenian_n we_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o example_n of_o socrates_n and_o other_o and_o if_o haply_o any_o people_n do_v live_v more_o abstemious_o as_o the_o roman_n who_o never_o admit_v of_o bigamy_n nor_o in_o a_o long_a time_n of_o divorce_n they_o be_v certain_o high_o to_o be_v commend_v in_o that_o they_o draw_v near_o unto_o that_o which_o be_v most_o perfect_a and_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o hence_o follow_v that_o they_o who_o do_v otherwise_o before_o the_o promulgation_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n do_v therein_o sin_n for_o as_o st._n augustine_n right_o observe_v observe_v contr._n faust_n lib._n 22_o c._n 47._o every_o nation_n have_v its_o several_a qualites_fw-la wherein_o they_o differ_v no_o less_o than_o in_o their_o peculiar_a language_n which_o disagree_v condition_n to_o govern_v apt_o no_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n can_v suffice_v the_o most_o high_a god_n permit_v some_o thing_n in_o the_o israelite_n for_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o heart_n which_o be_v not_o consonant_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o perfection_n where_o therefore_o nature_n or_o custom_n have_v entertain_v a_o vicious_a yet_o not_o intolerable_a habit_n with_o so_o long_a and_o public_a approbation_n that_o the_o opposite_a virtue_n will_v seem_v as_o uncouth_a as_o it_o will_v be_v to_o walk_v naked_a in_o england_n there_o may_v a_o wise_a and_o upright_a lawgiver_n conceal_v for_o a_o while_o his_o inward_a dislike_n till_o time_n make_v way_n for_o a_o more_o complete_a reformation_n est_fw-la aliquid_fw-la prodire_fw-la tenus_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la detur_fw-la ultra_fw-la for_o want_v of_o discretion_n in_o this_o case_n the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n in_o africa_n be_v unhappy_o divert_v from_o christianity_n which_o it_o willing_o at_o first_o embrace_v but_o afterward_o with_o great_a indignation_n reject_v for_o no_o other_o reason_n 63._o see_v rawl_n p._n 293._o see_v 2_o chron._n 30.18_o 19_o history_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n p._n 63._o but_o because_o plurality_n of_o wife_n be_v i_o know_v not_o how_o necessary_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a more_o contentious_o than_o seasonable_o deny_v unto_o they_o for_o where_o a_o vice_n can_v be_v root_v out_o without_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o state_n it_o be_v acceptable_a to_o god_n for_o a_o time_n to_o connive_v at_o it_o quando_fw-la mos_fw-la erat_fw-la crimen_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la while_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n it_o be_v no_o crime_n at_o least_o not_o impute_v as_o so_o x._o what_o marriage_n be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o marriage_n be_v good_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o direct_v our_o judgement_n herein_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o not_o everything_o that_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o appear_v by_o thing_n prodigal_o give_v away_o but_o those_o only_o wherein_o that_o principle_n be_v want_v which_o shall_v give_v life_n and_o vigour_n to_o the_o act_n or_o in_o which_o all_o its_o effect_n be_v vitiate_a and_o taint_v now_o that_o principle_n which_o give_v life_n to_o this_o and_o all_o other_o humane_a act_n be_v that_o right_n which_o we_o expound_v to_o be_v a_o moral_a power_n or_o faculty_n to_o do_v it_o together_o with_o a_o will_v sufficient_o declare_v but_o what_o will_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v a_o right_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o declare_v more_o full_o when_o we_o shall_v discourse_v of_o promise_n in_o general_n nature_n whether_o the_o consent_n of_o parent_n be_v requisite_a to_o a_o perfect_a marriage_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o concern_v this_o moral_a power_n the_o first_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o consent_n of_o parent_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n requisite_a to_o a_o perfect_a marriage_n which_o some_o affirm_v but_o herein_o they_o be_v mistake_v for_o all_o their_o argument_n do_v enforce_v no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o duty_n they_o owe_v to_o their_o parent_n to_o crave_v their_o consent_n which_o we_o shall_v easy_o grant_v they_o provide_v that_o the_o will_n of_o their_o parent_n be_v not_o manifest_o unjust_a for_o if_o child_n be_v to_o reverence_v their_o parent_n in_o all_o thing_n sure_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o most_o especial_o in_o such_o thing_n wherein_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v concern_v as_o in_o marriage_n and_o yet_o it_o can_v hence_o be_v infer_v that_o a_o son_n have_v not_o a_o moral_a right_o to_o dispose_v of_o himself_o if_o they_o consent_v not_o for_o he_o that_o marry_v aught_o to_o be_v of_o mature_a age_n and_o judgement_n and_o he_o be_v to_o forsake_v his_o father_n house_n so_o that_o he_o be_v herein_o exempt_v from_o his_o father_n domestic_a discipline_n and_o become_v from_o thence_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d master_n of_o himself_o and_o although_o the_o duty_n of_o love_n and_o reverence_n do_v oblige_v he_o to_o ask_v the_o good_a will_n of_o his_o parent_n yet_o do_v not_o the_o breach_n of_o that_o duty_n null_a the_o act_n of_o his_o marriage_n that_o the_o roman_n and_o such_o other_o nation_n do_v make_v void_a such_o marriage_n be_v not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o from_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lawmaker_n for_o by_o the_o same_o law_n the_o mother_n to_o who_o

far_a whether_o the_o person_n so_o empower_v be_v a_o freeman_n or_o not_o as_o be_v usual_o do_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n but_o conclude_v rather_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v full_o complete_a by_o that_o acceptance_n for_o it_o suffice_v to_o signify_v our_o consent_n though_o by_o a_o servant_n who_o will_n be_v repute_v we_o if_o we_o authorize_v he_o and_o he_o accept_v thereof_o but_o if_o he_o that_o accept_v of_o the_o promise_n have_v no_o such_o order_n from_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v but_o be_v depute_v by_o the_o promiser_n then_o have_v the_o promiser_n no_o power_n to_o revoke_v the_o promise_n until_o he_o who_o it_o concern_v do_v either_o accept_v thereof_o or_o reject_v it_o yet_o so_o notwithstanding_o that_o he_o who_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v accept_v of_o the_o promise_v make_v have_v no_o power_n to_o remit_v it_o because_o he_o be_v not_o depute_v to_o accept_v of_o any_o right_n to_o the_o thing_n promise_v but_o to_o bind_v the_o promiser_n to_o observe_v and_o perform_v his_o promise_n in_o sustain_v the_o thing_n promise_v so_o that_o if_o the_o promiser_n shall_v retract_v he_o may_v be_v say_v to_o break_v his_o faith_n but_o he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o invade_v any_o man_n right_a or_o propriety_n xix_o in_o what_o time_n a_o charge_n may_v be_v add_v to_o a_o promise_n by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v it_o may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v what_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v concern_v such_o a_o charge_n as_o be_v usual_o add_v unto_o a_o promise_n for_o such_o a_o charge_n may_v be_v impose_v as_o long_o as_o the_o promise_n be_v not_o yet_o make_v perfect_a by_o acceptance_n nor_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o promiser_n give_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v irrevocable_a but_o yet_o this_o charge_n add_v for_o the_o use_n and_o benefit_n of_o a_o three_o person_n be_v also_o revocable_a until_o it_o shall_v be_v by_o that_o three_o person_n accept_v although_o some_o there_o be_v that_o as_o well_o in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o the_o like_a question_n be_v otherwise_o persuade_v but_o he_o that_o thorough_o consider_v the_o matter_n will_v quick_o discern_v so_o much_o of_o natural_a reason_n and_o equity_n in_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o he_o will_v judge_v all_o far_a proof_n to_o be_v needless_a and_o superfluous_a xx._n a_o promise_n in_o itself_o invalid_a how_o it_o may_v be_v make_v firm_a it_o be_v also_o sometime_o controvert_v how_o a_o promise_v occasion_v by_o a_o error_n or_o mistake_v in_o the_o promiser_n may_v be_v make_v good_a if_o the_o truth_n be_v know_v the_o promiser_n notwithstanding_o his_o mistake_n be_v willing_a to_o stand_v to_o his_o promise_n the_o like_a question_n may_v be_v put_v concern_v promise_v occasion_v by_o fear_n force_n or_o the_o like_a when_o the_o cause_n thereof_o shall_v afterward_o cease_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o matrimony_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o which_o promise_v some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o nothing_o be_v requisite_a but_o the_o internal_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v conjoin_v with_o the_o former_a external_a act_n suffice_v to_o contract_v a_o firm_a obligation_n other_o disallow_v this_o because_o they_o can_v admit_v that_o any_o outward_a act_n shall_v be_v a_o competent_a sign_n of_o a_o internal_a act_n subsequent_a to_o it_o do_v require_v a_o new_a verbal_a promise_n and_o acceptance_n but_o the_o middle_a opinion_n be_v the_o safe_a which_o require_v some_o outward_a act_n but_o not_o such_o as_o be_v verbal_a see_v that_o the_o retain_v of_o the_o thing_n promise_v by_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v promise_v and_o the_o relinquish_a of_o it_o by_o the_o person_n promise_v or_o some_o such_o like_a act_n be_v sufficient_a to_o testify_v the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o both_o party_n xxi_o promise_v make_v without_o cause_n not_o natural_o void_a they_o also_o must_v not_o be_v omit_v lest_o we_o shall_v confound_v the_o civil_a law_n with_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n promise_v as_o well_o as_o gift_n may_v be_v good_a and_o valid_a though_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n or_o consideration_n express_v wherefore_o they_o be_v make_v xxii_o he_o that_o promise_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o how_o far_o he_o stand_v bind_v neither_o be_v any_o man_n bind_v by_o his_o promise_n that_o he_o make_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o man_n to_o make_v good_a all_o that_o wherein_o they_o differ_v so_o as_o he_o omit_v nothing_o of_o that_o which_o on_o his_o part_n may_v be_v do_v to_o procure_v that_o man_n to_o do_v it_o unless_o either_o the_o word_n of_o the_o promise_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o business_n do_v natural_o require_v a_o strong_a obligation_n so_o livy_n in_o the_o like_a case_n he_o think_v himself_o discharge_v of_o his_o promise_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o leave_v nothing_o unattempted_a that_o lie_v in_o he_o to_o have_v have_v it_o perform_v chap._n xii_o of_o contract_n i._o the_o division_n of_o humane_a act_n unto_o other_o profitable_a and_o first_o of_o simple_a and_o mix_v ii_o simple_a be_v either_o pure_o liberal_a or_o with_o mutual_a obligation_n iii_o or_o into_o such_o as_o be_v permutatory_n as_o well_o such_o as_o separate_v the_o part_n iv_o as_o those_o that_o introduce_v community_n v._o those_o that_o be_v mix_v be_v either_o so_o principal_o vi_o or_o by_o way_n of_o accession_n vii_o which_o of_o these_o act_n be_v call_v contract_n viii_o in_o all_o contract_v there_o shall_v be_v a_o equality_n and_o that_o first_o in_o such_o act_n as_o be_v praecedaneous_a ix_o as_o a_o equality_n in_o knowledge_n x._o a_o equal_a freedom_n of_o will._n xi_o 2._o in_o the_o very_a act_n if_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o exchange_n xii_o 3._o in_o the_o thing_n contract_v for_o explain_v xiii_o that_o this_o equality_n take_v place_n even_o in_o such_o act_n as_o be_v either_o mere_o or_o in_o part_n beneficent_a fourteen_o how_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v value_v and_o for_o what_o cause_v the_o price_n be_v either_o increase_v or_o diminish_v xv._o when_o thing_n be_v perfect_o buy_v and_o when_o the_o dominion_n be_v transfer_v xvi_o what_o monopoly_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o rule_n of_o charity_n xvii_o how_o money_n receive_v its_o function_n xviii_o of_o land_n hire_v nothing_o of_o the_o rent_n be_v to_o be_v abate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o sterility_n or_o the_o like_a and_o if_o the_o first_o tenant_n be_v disable_v to_o use_v the_o land_n or_o thing_n may_v it_o not_o be_v let_v to_o another_o xix_o how_o the_o just_a hire_n of_o man_n labour_n may_v be_v increase_v or_o diminish_v xx._n by_o what_o law_n usury_n be_v forbid_v xxi_o what_o profit_n fall_v not_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o usury_n xxii_o what_o the_o civil_a law_n determine_v of_o usury_n xxiii_o in_o contract_n what_o value_n we_o be_v to_o put_v upon_o the_o peril_n we_o run_v in_o secure_v the_o main_a stock_n xxiv_o in_o social_a contract_n how_o the_o profit_n be_v to_o be_v proportion_v and_o of_o its_o several_a kind_n xxv_o of_o naval_a confederation_n xxvi_o if_o there_o be_v a_o inequality_n in_o the_o term_n agree_v upon_o as_o to_z act_n external_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n allow_v no_o remedy_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n this_o be_v say_v to_o be_v natural_a i._o the_o division_n of_o humane_a act_n to_o other_o profitable_a of_o such_o humane_a act_n as_o be_v to_o other_o profitable_a some_o be_v simple_a other_o mix_v or_o compound_v ii_o of_o those_o that_o be_v simple_a some_o be_v mere_o beneficent_a some_o mutual_o obligatory_a of_o those_o that_o be_v simple_a some_o be_v beneficent_a other_o permutatory_n such_o as_o be_v beneficent_a be_v either_o mere_o gratuitous_a or_o infer_v a_o mutual_a obligation_n such_o as_o be_v mere_o gratuitous_a be_v either_o present_o do_v or_o such_o as_o extend_v to_o the_o time_n to_o come_v those_o that_o be_v present_o do_v be_v either_o some_o fact_n or_o deed_n that_o yield_v profit_n to_o another_o whereof_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o we_o shall_v discourse_v since_o though_o it_o do_v produce_v profit_n yet_o it_o have_v no_o effect_n of_o right_n or_o some_o donative_n or_o free_a gift_n which_o also_o be_v a_o profitable_a act_n and_o present_o do_v whereby_o dominion_n be_v transfer_v and_o whereof_o we_o have_v treat_v above_o when_o we_o discourse_v of_o the_o acquire_a dominion_n those_o gratuitous_a act_n that_o extend_v to_o the_o time_n to_o come_v be_v promise_n either_o to_o give_v or_o to_o do_v somewhat_o whereof_o we_o discourse_v in_o the_o chapter_n precede_v those_o beneficent_a act_n which_o infer_v mutual_a obligation_n be_v such_o as_o dispose_v either_o of_o thing_n without_o alienate_v they_o or_o

we_o have_v pawn_v our_o faith_n to_o commit_v a_o sin_n the_o best_a way_n to_o preserve_v our_o faith_n be_v to_o break_v our_o promise_n for_o that_o be_v not_o proper_o call_v faith_n that_o engage_v we_o to_o do_v wicked_o wherefore_o take_v the_o advice_n of_o isidore_n in_o malis_fw-la promissis_fw-la rescinde_fw-la fidem_fw-la gratian._n gratian._n in_fw-la turpi_fw-la voto_fw-la muta_n decretum_fw-la impia_fw-la est_fw-la promissio_fw-la quae_fw-la scelere_fw-la impletur_fw-la make_v no_o scruple_n of_o break_v that_o oath_n that_o will_v bind_v thou_o to_o a_o dishonest_a or_o unjust_a action_n for_o that_o promise_n must_v needs_o be_v wicked_a that_o can_v be_v fulfil_v but_o by_o make_v thou_o wicked_a vii_o nor_o that_o impede_fw-la a_o great_a moral_n good_a yea_o though_o that_o which_o be_v promise_v upon_o oath_n be_v not_o unlawful_a yet_o if_o it_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o the_o omission_n of_o something_o that_o be_v a_o great_a moral_n good_a it_o lose_v its_o bind_a faculty_n for_o we_o owe_v unto_o god_n our_o growth_n in_o goodness_n and_o we_o can_v abridge_v ourselves_o of_o this_o liberty_n without_o sin_v against_o he_o some_o there_o be_v say_v philo_z of_o so_o harsh_a and_o unsociable_a a_o nature_n either_o as_o bear_v hatred_n to_o all_o mankind_n or_o so_o enslave_v to_o their_o own_o inordinate_a passion_n that_o they_o even_o strengthen_v themselves_o in_o their_o churlish_a humour_n by_o rash_a and_o inconsiderate_a vow_n as_o namely_o that_o they_o will_v never_o admit_v such_o a_o man_n either_o to_o bed_n or_o board_n or_o that_o they_o will_v never_o do_v such_o a_o man_n good_a nor_o ever_o receive_v any_o thing_n from_o he_o till_o death_n st._n augustine_n be_v consult_v with_o about_o one_o hubaldus_n who_o to_o save_v his_o own_o life_n be_v threaten_v have_v bind_v himself_o by_o oath_n to_o marry_v his_o own_o concubine_n and_o to_o thrust_v his_o own_o mother_n and_o brethren_n out_o of_o door_n and_o never_o to_o relieve_v they_o gives_z this_o resolution_n of_o the_o case_n that_o as_o to_o his_o marriage_n with_o his_o concubine_n who_o he_o have_v long_o enjoy_v his_o oath_n be_v bind_v for_o that_o be_v no_o sin_n but_o as_o to_o his_o not_o relieve_v his_o mother_n and_o brethren_n it_o can_v not_o bind_v he_o for_o qui_fw-la non_fw-la alit_fw-la necat_fw-la to_o deny_v they_o necessary_n be_v no_o better_a than_o to_o kill_v they_o and_o no_o oath_n can_v oblige_v to_o a_o sin_n so_o unnatural_a 274._o the_o error_n of_o the_o jew_n concern_v oath_n see_v godw._n jewish_n ant._n pag._n 274._o such_o a_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v call_v among_o the_o jew_n a_o oath_n concern_v beneficence_n or_o do_v good_a the_o form_n whereof_o we_o have_v set_v down_o mat._n 15.5_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v by_o the_o gift_n upon_o the_o altar_n thou_o shall_v never_o receive_v any_o good_a from_o i_o which_o oath_n be_v always_o to_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o if_o some_o direful_a execration_n be_v at_o the_o tail_n of_o it_o as_o so_o do_v god_n to_o i_o and_o more_o also_o if_o thou_o ever_o receive_v any_o good_a from_o i_o which_o oath_n be_v among_o the_o jew_n think_v to_o be_v the_o most_o bind_v of_o any_o yea_o though_o it_o be_v against_o our_o own_o parent_n such_o corrupt_a interpreter_n of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n be_v the_o jewish_a doctor_n in_o those_o superstitious_a time_n which_o christ_n there_o confute_v make_v no_o distinction_n between_o honour_v our_o parent_n and_o relieve_v they_o as_o appear_v by_o compare_v that_o of_o matthew_n with_o the_o like_a in_o mark_n and_o with_o 1_o tim._n 5.3_o 17._o and_o numb_a 23.11_o yea_o though_o it_o be_v not_o make_v against_o our_o parent_n but_o against_o other_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o bind_v because_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n we_o owe_v unto_o god_n to_o do_v good_a unto_o all_o man_n which_o be_v altogether_o inconsistent_a with_o such_o a_o oath_n viii_o nor_o to_o impossibility_n to_o thing_n manifest_o impossible_a no_o oath_n can_v oblige_v we_o ix_o if_o the_o impossibility_n be_v only_o for_o the_o present_a how_o the_o oath_n oblige_v but_o as_o to_o thing_n that_o be_v for_o a_o certain_a time_n impossible_a or_o suppose_v at_o present_a to_o be_v so_o the_o obligatory_a power_n of_o that_o oath_n hang_v in_o suspense_n insomuch_o that_o he_o that_o swear_v suppositive_o aught_o to_o endeavour_v as_o far_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o make_v that_o which_o he_o have_v swear_v possible_a x._o the_o form_n of_o oath_n the_o form_n of_o oath_n may_v be_v different_a but_o the_o substance_n of_o all_o be_v alike_o for_o all_o invoke_v god_n as_o a_o witness_n or_o as_o a_o avenger_n both_o which_o in_o he_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o for_o in_o call_v he_o to_o witness_n who_o have_v a_o power_n and_o a_o right_a to_o punish_v we_o do_v but_o bespeak_v he_o to_o a_o revenge_n due_a to_o our_o perfidiousness_n and_o he_o that_o be_v omniscient_a be_v therefore_o a_o avenger_n because_o a_o witness_n what_o be_v to_o swear_v say_v ambrose_n to_o the_o emperor_n valentinian_n but_o to_o acknowledge_v that_o divine_a power_n which_o thou_o invoke_v to_o witness_v and_o defend_v thy_o truth_n every_o oath_n say_v plutarch_n end_n in_o some_o curse_n in_o case_n we_o swear_v false_o rom._n quaest_n rom._n and_o therefore_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o make_v and_o swear_v league_n be_v usual_o by_o kill_v of_o sacrifice_n as_o appear_v gen._n 15.9_o etc._n etc._n and_o by_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n in_o livy_n tu_fw-la jupiter_n ita_fw-la illum_fw-la ferito_fw-la ut_fw-la ego_fw-la hunc_fw-la porcum_fw-la and_o do_v thou_o o_o jupiter_n destroy_v he_o that_o break_v this_o league_n as_o i_o do_v this_o hogg_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o priest_n kill_v a_o lamb_n pray_v the_o god_n to_o kill_v he_o that_o violate_v that_o oath_n as_o he_o do_v that_o lamb._n so_o in_o polybius_n and_o festus_n we_o read_v if_o i_o know_o deceive_v let_v god_n cast_v i_o away_o from_o he_o as_o i_o do_v this_o stone_n xi_o oath_n not_o by_o god_n only_o but_o by_o other_o also_o in_o relation_n to_o god_n oblige_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_n not_o only_o to_o swear_v by_o god_n but_o by_o other_o both_o thing_n and_o person_n thereby_o either_o wish_v those_o creature_n may_v be_v noxious_a unto_o they_o in_o case_n they_o swear_v false_o as_o when_o they_o swear_v by_o the_o sun_n the_o moon_n the_o heaven_n the_o earth_n etc._n etc._n or_o wish_v they_o may_v be_v punish_v in_o they_o as_o when_o they_o swear_v by_o their_o head_n by_o their_o life_n by_o their_o child_n by_o their_o prince_n etc._n etc._n neither_o do_v the_o profane_a and_o barbarous_a people_n only_o swear_v thus_o but_o the_o jew_n themselves_o philo_z the_o jew_n among_o his_o special_a law_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a for_o we_o upon_o every_o slight_a occasion_n to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o homer_n interpreter_n do_v testify_v the_o same_o of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n that_o they_o be_v not_o easy_o induce_v to_o swear_v by_o god_n oblige_v oath_n by_o the_o creature_n oblige_v but_o by_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v present_a as_o by_o the_o sceptre_n etc._n etc._n thus_o apollonius_n testify_v of_o socrates_n that_o he_o swear_v by_o such_o thing_n non_fw-la ut_fw-la per_fw-la deos_fw-la sed_fw-la ne_fw-la per_fw-la deos_fw-la not_o as_o by_o god_n but_o lest_o he_o shall_v swear_v by_o the_o god_n and_o this_o custom_n as_o porphyry_n record_v be_v introduce_v by_o that_o prince_n who_o be_v so_o famous_a for_o his_o justice_n king_n rhadamant_n so_o do_v joseph_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o nation_n among_o who_o he_o live_v swear_v by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n elisha_n by_o the_o life_n of_o elias_n and_o the_o shunamite_n by_o the_o life_n of_o elisha_n 5._o 2_o king_n 4.30_o cant._n 2.7_o mat._n 5._o neither_o do_v our_o saviour_n as_o some_o think_v declare_v such_o oath_n to_o be_v less_o lawful_a or_o less_o bind_v than_o those_o whereby_o god_n himself_o be_v invoke_v but_o observe_v that_o the_o jew_n do_v not_o so_o regard_v such_o oath_n in_o a_o opinion_n haply_o not_o unlike_a to_o he_o who_o say_v sceptrum_fw-la non_fw-la putat_fw-la esse_fw-la deos_fw-la that_o he_o do_v not_o believe_v the_o sceptre_n to_o be_v the_o go_n he_o show_v that_o even_o these_o be_v true_a oath_n 14.20_o see_v wisd_v 14.20_o and_o as_o bind_v as_o those_o that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o true_a god_n it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v of_o ulpian_n he_o that_o swear_v by_o his_o own_o safety_n seem_v to_o swear_v by_o god_n because_o he_o have_v respect_n to_o some_o divine_a power_n that_o preserve_v

be_v but_o the_o overflowing_n of_o a_o good_a nature_n distinguish_v mercy_n judgement_n and_o righteousness_n distinguish_v such_o be_v good_a work_v do_v mere_o out_o of_o bounty_n and_o munificence_n second_o to_o perform_v what_o we_o be_v strict_o bind_v to_o do_v which_o the_o hebrew_n call_v judgement_n but_o to_o do_v that_o which_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n only_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v this_o they_o call_v righteousness_n or_o equity_n which_o three_o some_o expositor_n upon_o that_o of_o mat._n 23.23_o render_v by_o mercy_n judgement_n and_o fidelity_n whereby_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o greek_n do_v common_o understand_v righteousness_n and_o by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d judgement_n that_o which_o we_o be_v strict_o oblige_v to_o do_v as_o we_o may_v find_v 1_o mac._n 7.18_o &_o 32._o moreover_o a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v civil_o oblige_v by_o his_o own_o act_n either_o in_o this_o sense_n that_o the_o obligation_n spring_v not_o from_o the_o mere_a right_n of_o nature_n but_o from_o a_o civil_a right_n or_o from_o both_o or_o in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o that_o a_o action_n at_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v lie_v against_o he_o we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o from_o the_o covenant_n and_o promise_n which_o a_o king_n make_v with_o his_o people_n there_o may_v arise_v such_o a_o true_a and_o proper_a obligation_n as_o may_v confer_v a_o right_n unto_o they_o for_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n both_o of_o promise_n and_o contract_n even_o between_o god_n and_o man_n as_o we_o have_v show_v already_o if_o the_o act_n of_o a_o king_n be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v do_v by_o any_o other_o man_n the_o civil_a law_n shall_v bind_v he_o but_o if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v do_v by_o he_o mere_o as_o a_o king_n the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o reach_v he_o which_o difference_n be_v not_o by_o vasquius_fw-la sufficient_o observe_v nevertheless_o a_o action_n may_v arise_v from_o either_o of_o these_o act_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o to_o evidence_n the_o right_n of_o the_o creditor_n but_o no_o enforcement_n there_o can_v be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n for_o that_o subject_n shall_v compel_v he_o who_o subject_n they_o be_v be_v not_o lawful_a which_o equal_v may_v do_v against_o equal_n by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n and_o superior_n against_o inferior_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n vii_o how_o a_o right_o gain_v by_o subject_n may_v lawful_o be_v take_v from_o they_o but_o this_o also_o must_v be_v note_v that_o a_o king_n may_v take_v away_o the_o right_n of_o his_o subject_n two_o way_n either_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n but_o if_o he_o do_v it_o this_o latter_a way_n it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n for_o some_o public_a profit_n and_o then_o also_o the_o subject_n must_v receive_v if_o it_o be_v possible_a a_o just_a satisfaction_n out_o of_o the_o common_a stock_n for_o the_o loss_n he_o shall_v sustain_v this_o therefore_o as_o it_o hold_v in_o other_o thing_n so_o also_o in_o that_o right_n that_o be_v gain_v by_o either_o promise_n or_o contract_n viii_o the_o distinction_n of_o thing_n gain_v by_o the_o natural_a and_o civil_a law_n reject_v neither_o do_v it_o make_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o case_n whether_o the_o right_a of_o the_o subject_n be_v acquire_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o king_n have_v a_o equal_a right_n to_o both_o nor_o can_v either_o of_o they_o be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o subject_a without_o cause_n for_o it_o be_v against_o natural_a right_n that_o what_o dominion_n or_o other_o right_n a_o man_n have_v lawful_o gain_v to_o himself_o he_o shall_v be_v causeless_o deprive_v of_o and_o if_o a_o king_n shall_v do_v it_o he_o ought_v without_o doubt_n to_o make_v restitution_n and_o to_o repair_v the_o damage_n that_o the_o subject_n have_v sustain_v because_o he_o do_v thereby_o violate_v the_o true_a right_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o herein_o be_v the_o right_n of_o stranger_n much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o subject_n for_o the_o right_n of_o stranger_n and_o of_o such_o as_o in_o no_o respect_n be_v subject_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v under_o that_o supereminent_a dominion_n of_o a_o king_n as_o the_o right_n of_o subject_n be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a unless_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n whereof_o hereafter_o ix_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n whether_o they_o be_v law_n and_o when_o from_o whence_o we_o may_v collect_v upon_o how_o sandy_a a_o foundation_n they_o build_v who_o hold_v all_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n to_o be_v law_n for_o from_o the_o law_n there_o arise_v no_o right_a against_o a_o king_n to_o any_o man_n therefore_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o repeal_v those_o law_n he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o injure_v any_o man_n yet_o if_o he_o do_v it_o without_o good_a cause_n he_o give_v just_a cause_n of_o offence_n but_o from_o promise_n and_o contract_v a_o man_n may_v claim_v a_o right_n for_o by_o contract_v the_o contractor_n only_o be_v bind_v but_o by_o the_o law_n all_o that_o be_v subject_n yet_o may_v some_o thing_n be_v of_o a_o mix_a nature_n partly_o by_o contract_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o law_n as_o when_o a_o king_n contract_v with_o a_o neighbour_n king_n or_o with_o farmer_n of_o his_o revenue_n which_o he_o present_o proclaim_v a_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o contain_v what_o be_v by_o his_o subject_n to_o be_v observe_v x._o how_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n his_o heir_n may_v stand_v bind_v let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o successor_n concern_v who_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o those_o that_o be_v to_o inherit_v all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n together_o with_o his_o kingdom_n as_o he_o that_o receive_v a_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n either_o by_o his_o testament_n or_o from_o a_o intestate_a and_o between_o those_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n only_o either_o by_o a_o new_a election_n or_o by_o prescript_n and_o that_o either_o in_o imitation_n of_o other_o vulgar_a inheritance_n or_o otherwise_o or_o whether_o they_o succeed_v by_o any_o mix_v right_o for_o they_o that_o inherit_v all_o the_o good_n with_o the_o kingdom_n be_v without_o doubt_n oblige_v to_o perform_v all_o the_o contract_n and_o promise_v of_o the_o decease_a king_n and_o that_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a shall_v stand_v oblige_v for_o his_o personal_a debt_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o dominion_n itself_o xi_o and_o how_o his_o successor_n but_o how_o far_o they_o that_o succeed_v to_o the_o kingdom_n only_o or_o to_o the_o good_n in_o part_n but_o to_o the_o kingdom_n entire_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o their_o predecessor_n be_v as_o worthy_a to_o be_v discuss_v as_o it_o have_v hitherto_o be_v confuse_o handle_v they_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o not_o as_o heir_n be_v not_o immediate_o bind_v by_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o their_o predecessor_n because_o the_o title_n they_o have_v they_o receive_v not_o from_o he_o but_o from_o the_o people_n whether_o that_o succession_n fall_v like_o other_o vulgar_a inheritance_n to_o he_o that_o be_v near_a of_o kin_n to_o the_o decease_a or_o to_o those_o that_o be_v more_o remote_a but_o mediate_o i._n e._n by_o the_o city_n that_o choose_v he_o such_o successor_n also_o be_v bind_v which_o shall_v be_v thus_o understand_v every_o society_n no_o less_o than_o every_o particular_a person_n have_v a_o power_n to_o oblige_v itself_o either_o by_o itself_o or_o by_o its_o major_a part_n this_o right_a every_o society_n may_v transfer_v either_o express_o or_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o be_v by_o transfer_v the_o empire_n for_o in_o moral_n he_o that_o give_v the_o end_n give_v all_o thing_n conduce_v to_o the_o end_n xii_o and_o how_o far_o and_o yet_o shall_v not_o this_o be_v boundless_a neither_o be_v it_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o the_o good_a government_n of_o a_o nation_n that_o this_o oblige_a power_n shall_v be_v infinite_a no_o more_o than_o that_o of_o a_o guardian_n be_v but_o so_o far_o forth_o only_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o power_n require_v tutor_n domini_fw-la loco_fw-la habetur_fw-la cum_fw-la rem_fw-la administrat_fw-la non_fw-la cum_fw-la pupillum_fw-la spoliat_fw-la the_o guardian_n say_v julian_n have_v a_o power_n equal_a to_o the_o lord_n while_o he_o order_v the_o estate_n prudent_o but_o not_o when_o he_o waste_v it_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o ulpian_n to_o be_v understand_v every_o society_n shall_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o governor_n be_v the_o agreement_n profitable_a or_o damagable_a to_o that_o society_n yet_o

mind_n of_o he_o that_o avenge_v a_o injury_n shall_v not_o acquiesce_v in_o the_o suffering_n of_o the_o offender_n of_o the_o same_o mind_n also_o be_v both_o plato_n and_o seneca_n ad_fw-la vindictam_fw-la veniendum_fw-la non_fw-la quia_fw-la dulce_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la utile_fw-la we_o shall_v affect_v revenge_n not_o as_o it_o be_v sweet_a but_o as_o it_o be_v profitable_a so_o likewise_o aristotle_n some_o thing_n be_v simple_o honest_a other_o honest_a out_o of_o some_o necessity_n and_o as_o a_o example_n of_o this_o latter_a he_o insert_v this_o of_o exact_v punishment_n exequor_fw-la say_v seneca_n non_fw-la quia_fw-la dolet_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la opportet_fw-la i_o take_v revenge_n not_o because_o i_o smart_v but_o because_o it_o be_v convenient_a v._o in_o what_o sense_n revenge_n be_v natural_o lawful_a thus_o indeed_o it_o shall_v be_v with_o man_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v far_o otherwise_o for_o we_o punish_v in_o revenge_n and_o revenge_n to_o assuage_v the_o grief_n of_o our_o suffering_n as_o if_o laeso_fw-la doloris_fw-la remedium_fw-la inimici_fw-la dolour_n our_o pain_n be_v lessen_v by_o our_o enemy_n grief_n so_o cicero_n tell_v we_o that_o grief_n be_v somewhat_o allay_v and_o mitigate_v by_o a_o just_a revenge_n but_o this_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o rational_a but_o from_o the_o irascible_a part_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o as_o it_o be_v with_o brute_n beast_n for_o anger_v as_o in_o beast_n so_o in_o man_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o aestus_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la circa_fw-la cor_fw-la ob_fw-la appetitum_fw-la reponendi_fw-la doloris_fw-la a_o inordinate_a heat_n about_o the_o heart_n out_o of_o a_o vehement_a desire_n of_o revenge_v our_o own_o grief_n as_o eustratius_n right_o define_v it_o which_o appetite_n be_v of_o itself_o so_o much_o without_o reason_n that_o sometime_o it_o mistake_v the_o true_a object_n and_o be_v carry_v violent_o against_o those_o that_o do_v no_o way_n hurt_v we_o as_o when_o we_o revenge_v ourselves_o upon_o the_o young_a whelp_n for_o the_o bitch_n sake_n that_o bite_v we_o and_o sometime_o against_o thing_n altogether_o without_o sense_n as_o when_o a_o dog_n bite_v the_o staff_n or_o stone_n wherewith_o he_o be_v beat_v now_o what_o can_v be_v more_o irrational_a quam_fw-la his_fw-la irasci_fw-la quae_fw-la iram_fw-la nec_fw-la meruerunt_fw-la nec_fw-la sentiunt_fw-la say_v seneca_n than_o to_o be_v angry_a with_o those_o thing_n which_o neither_o deserve_v our_o anger_n nor_o feel_v it_o like_o the_o brasilian_n a_o fierce_a and_o brutish_a nation_n who_o be_v wound_v by_o a_o sword_n revenge_n themselves_o as_o well_o on_o the_o sword_n as_o on_o the_o man_n that_o wield_v it_o but_o this_o appetite_n in_o itself_o consider_v agree_v not_o with_o the_o rational_a part_n of_o the_o soul_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o govern_v the_o passion_n nor_o be_v it_o consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o it_o thwart_v that_o principle_n of_o rational_a and_o social_a nature_n as_o such_o which_o forbid_v we_o to_o do_v any_o thing_n whereby_o another_o may_v be_v damnify_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o great_a good_a but_o in_o the_o grief_n or_o sufferance_n of_o another_o bare_o and_o in_o itself_o consider_v there_o be_v nothing_o of_o good_a but_o what_o be_v false_a and_o imaginary_a as_o in_o superfluous_a riches_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o our_o christian_a doctor_n but_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n who_o condemn_v revenge_v as_o unlawful_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v so_o seneca_n this_o word_n revenge_n although_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v for_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v just_a yet_o it_o be_v inhuman_a and_o differ_v nothing_o from_o a_o injury_n but_o in_o order_n only_o he_o that_o retaliate_v his_o own_o grief_n upon_o another_o have_v only_o this_o to_o plead_v for_o his_o sin_n that_o he_o be_v first_o provoke_v nay_o if_o we_o will_v give_v credit_n to_o maximus_n tyrius_n he_o that_o revenge_v be_v sometime_o the_o great_a sinner_n of_o the_o two_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o that_o return_v a_o injury_n have_v more_o of_o malice_n fury_n and_o unbridled_a passion_n than_o he_o that_o give_v the_o first_o occasion_n which_o be_v sometime_o do_v through_o rashness_n or_o ignorance_n and_o against_o a_o man_n will_n now_o if_o so_o as_o it_o be_v against_o nature_n for_o the_o stream_n to_o rise_v high_a than_o the_o fountain_n that_o feed_v it_o so_o be_v it_o most_o unjust_a that_o the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v great_a than_o the_o offence_n see_v then_o that_o it_o be_v unmanly_a nay_o brutish_a remordere_fw-la mordentem_fw-la to_o injure_v every_o man_n that_o injure_v we_o no_o one_o man_n either_o public_a or_o private_a can_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n right_o punish_v another_o mere_o as_o it_o be_v a_o punishment_n for_o what_o be_v pass_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o future_a benefit_n either_o general_a or_o particular_a public_a or_o private_a dion_z in_o plutarch_n who_o turn_v the_o wisdom_n of_o plato_n into_o civil_a act_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o revenge_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n be_v reckon_v more_o just_a than_o any_o injury_n first_o offer_v but_o if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o judgement_n of_o nature_n it_o spring_v from_o the_o very_a same_o infirmity_n of_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v therefore_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n deal_v with_o man_n to_o appease_v his_o own_o grief_n by_o occasion_v another_o man_n bare_o as_o it_o be_v a_o grief_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o less_o of_o reason_n any_o man_n have_v the_o more_o vindictive_a he_o be_v this_o seneca_n observe_v that_o infant_n old_a man_n and_o sick_a man_n be_v always_o more_o prone_a to_o anger_v than_o other_o and_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v weak_a and_o infirm_a be_v natural_o querulous_a and_o revengeful_a this_o also_o be_v juvenal_n observation_n revenge_n than_o life_n itself_o be_v sweet_a far_o 13._o sat._n 13._o infant_n for_o nought_o child_n for_o trifle_n be_v incense_v chrysippus_n be_v not_o of_o that_o mind_n nor_o gentle_a thales_n neither_o do_v i_o find_v that_o socrates_n who_o do_v next_o neighbour_n live_v to_o sweet_a hymettus_n though_o in_o chain_n do_v give_v part_n of_o his_o hemlock-potion_n unto_o he_o who_o be_v a_o slave_n have_v his_o accuser_n be_v bless_a wisdom_n first_o piece_n meal_n bid_v vice_n adieu_o then_o plant_v truth_n all_o error_n do_v eschew_v to_o joy_v in_o those_o man_n suffering_n who_o we_o hate_v argue_v a_o mind_n weak_a and_o effeminate_a this_o thus_o we_o gather_v for_o in_o all_o man_n sight_n none_o more_o than_o woman_n in_o revenge_n delight_n thus_o wise_a man_n define_v anger_n to_o be_v a_o last_a ulcer_n of_o the_o mind_n 27._o am._n marc._n l._n 27._o which_o usual_o arise_v from_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o understanding_n which_o they_o probable_o collect_v from_o this_o that_o sick_a man_n be_v usual_o more_o angry_a than_o sound_n woman_n than_o man_n old_a man_n than_o young_a and_o they_o that_o be_v miserable_a than_o they_o that_o be_v happy_a the_o very_a same_o observation_n we_o find_v in_o lactantius_n simple_n and_o man_n that_o be_v unexperienced_a be_v provoke_v by_o a_o injury_n be_v carry_v headlong_o with_o a_o blind_a and_o inconsiderate_a fury_n to_o revenge_v themselves_o on_o those_o that_o hurt_v they_o plain_o it_o be_v therefore_o that_o one_o man_n can_v be_v right_o punish_v by_o another_o bare_o as_o such_o now_o then_o let_v we_o examine_v what_o those_o benefit_n be_v that_o justify_v such_o punishment_n vi_o a_o threefold_a profit_n arise_v from_o punishment_n hereunto_o then_o appertain_v that_o pa●●●tion_n of_o punishment_n that_o plato_n give_v we_o and_o after_o he_o the_o philosopher_n taurus_n recite_v by_o 14._o by_o lib._n 5._o c._n 14._o gellius_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o end_n or_o scope_n whereunto_o punishment_n do_v aim_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o whereas_o plato_n propose_v but_o two_o end_n namely_o for_o reformation_n and_o example_n taurus_n add_v a_o three_o namely_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o as_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n define_v it_o be_v the_o retribution_n of_o some_o evil_n do_v which_o look_v at_o the_o profit_n of_o he_o that_o require_v it_o which_o be_v satisfaction_n aristotle_n omit_v that_o punishment_n which_o we_o call_v exemplary_a add_v only_o this_o of_o satisfaction_n to_o that_o of_o reformation_n neither_o do_v plutarch_n omit_v it_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o punishment_n that_o tread_v on_o the_o heel_n of_o wickedness_n do_v not_o only_o restrain_v the_o audaciousness_n of_o such_o as_o offend_v but_o do_v much_o comfort_v such_o as_o be_v injure_v and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o same_o aristotle_n attribute_n to_o that_o justice_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o

side_n the_o equity_n of_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v alike_o wherefore_o he_o cry_v out_o qualem_fw-la o_o jupiter_n justitiam_fw-la fecisti_fw-la what_o manner_n of_o justice_n be_v this_o that_o thou_o have_v make_v o_o jupiter_n that_o must_v necessary_o arise_v out_o of_o injustice_n quousque_fw-la progreditur_fw-la malum_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la tandem_fw-la consistet_fw-la how_o far_o shall_v this_o evil_n proceed_v and_o where_o shall_v it_o at_o length_n end_n thus_o likewise_o do_v aristides_n argue_v in_o his_o oration_n for_o peace_n who_o of_o all_o the_o grecian_n will_v be_v leave_v alive_a if_o to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o those_o who_o be_v already_o slay_v those_o yet_o live_a shall_v wilful_o run_v upon_o their_o own_o ruin_n for_o prevention_n of_o which_o inevitable_a mischief_n be_v as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v law_n institute_v tribunal_n erect_v and_o magistrate_n ordain_v yet_o do_v this_o liberty_n that_o nature_n give_v we_o at_o the_o first_o remain_z still_o in_o force_n in_o such_o place_n where_o no_o law_n be_v or_o can_v be_v execute_v as_o on_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o desert_n place_n yea_o and_o in_o divers_a nation_n especial_o among_o the_o ancient_a german_n where_o almost_o all_o difference_n be_v end_v by_o the_o sword_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o of_o king_n theodorick_n in_o cassiodore_n to_o his_o goth_n break_v off_o say_v he_o this_o prodigious_a custom_n of_o single_a combat_n where_o matter_n in_o differenee_n be_v much_o better_o discuss_v with_o word_n than_o blow_n and_o in_o another_o place_n what_o need_n have_v we_o of_o tongue_n if_o every_o slight_a quarrel_n must_v be_v end_v by_o the_o sword_n whither_o haply_o we_o may_v refer_v that_o act_n of_o cajus_n caesar_n who_o be_v then_o a_o private_a person_n do_v with_o a_o tumultuary_a fleet_n pursue_v and_o chase_v certain_a pirate_n by_o who_o he_o have_v be_v former_o take_v disperse_v some_o of_o their_o ship_n and_o sink_a other_o and_o when_o he_o find_v the_o proconsul_n negligent_a in_o punish_v the_o captive_n who_o he_o have_v take_v he_o himself_o return_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o command_v they_o to_o be_v hang_v so_o likewise_o be_v it_o among_o the_o umbrian_n where_o every_o man_n be_v his_o own_o judge_n and_o avenger_n which_o at_o this_o present_a be_v usual_o practise_v among_o the_o muscovite_n and_o that_o without_o any_o restraint_n in_o some_o small_a time_n after_o their_o address_n in_o vain_a make_v to_o the_o judge_n from_o whence_o also_o before_o christian_a religion_n be_v plant_v arise_v duel_v whence_o they_o arise_v spring_v the_o custom_n of_o duel_n among_o the_o german_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o utter_o abolish_v wherefore_o the_o german_n in_o paterculus_n admire_v when_o they_o observe_v the_o form_n of_o the_o roman_a jurisdiction_n whereby_o all_o contest_v and_o injury_n be_v decide_v in_o a_o judicial_a way_n and_o that_o that_o which_o be_v usual_o before_o determine_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n be_v now_o decide_v by_o law_n the_o hebrew_a law_n permit_v the_o kinsman_n of_o he_o that_o be_v murder_v to_o kill_v the_o murderer_n ●ith_v his_o own_o hand_n in_o case_n he_o overtake_v he_o without_o the_o city_n of_o refuge_n and_o it_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n that_o a_o kinsman_n may_v exact_v the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n for_o the_o person_n kill_v but_o for_o himself_o if_o any_o violence_n be_v offer_v he_o either_o by_o wound_n mutilation_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v to_o make_v his_o appeal_n to_o the_o judge_n because_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n to_o moderate_v our_o passion_n when_o they_o be_v excite_v by_o our_o own_o personal_a grief_n the_o like_a custom_n of_o take_v private_a revenge_n for_o murder_n we_o find_v to_o have_v be_v among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n as_o homer_n testify_v but_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v much_o more_o frequent_a among_o such_o as_o have_v no_o common_a judge_n to_o decide_v controversy_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o just_a war_n be_v define_v to_o be_v those_o aug._n aug._n whereby_o injury_n receive_v be_v revenge_v and_o plato_n do_v so_o long_o approve_v of_o contest_v by_o war_n until_o the_o person_n injure_v shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o give_v unto_o the_o person_n injure_v just_a satisfaction_n ix_o 3._o to_o every_o man_n indistinct_o the_o profit_n that_o every_o man_n indefinite_o may_v receive_v by_o the_o punishment_n of_o a_o malefactor_n which_o be_v the_o three_o end_n why_o they_o be_v punish_v have_v as_o many_o part_n as_o that_o which_o the_o injure_a person_n receive_v by_o it_o for_o he_o be_v so_o punish_v either_o lest_o he_o that_o have_v injure_v one_o shall_v injure_v another_o which_o may_v be_v prevent_v either_o by_o his_o death_n or_o by_o disable_n he_o from_o do_v the_o like_a injury_n as_o by_o imprison_v he_o or_o second_o by_o reclaim_v he_o or_o three_o lest_o other_o be_v encourage_v by_o the_o hope_n of_o impunity_n shall_v be_v alike_o injurious_a unto_o other_o which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o public_a punishment_n which_o be_v therefore_o use_v ut_fw-la unius_fw-la poena_fw-la metus_fw-la sit_fw-la multorum_fw-la that_o the_o punishment_n of_o one_o may_v strike_v a_o terror_n into_o many_o or_o as_o demosthenes_n speak_v that_o other_o may_v learn_v wisdom_n and_o fear_n polybius_n record_v that_o he_o see_v some_o lion_n crucify_v for_o attempt_v the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n that_o so_o the_o rest_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o like_a punishment_n 16._o pliny_n lib._n 8._o c._n 16._o may_v be_v affright_v from_o commit_v the_o like_a crime_n now_o the_o power_n of_o execute_v this_o right_a also_o be_v natural_o in_o every_o man_n thus_o plutarch_n tell_v we_o that_o nature_n do_v design_n a_o good_a man_n to_o be_v a_o perpetual_a magistrate_n for_o that_o man_n that_o be_v eminent_o just_a and_o honest_a be_v by_o nature_n raise_v up_o and_o qualify_v for_o a_o prince_n pelop._n vit._n pelop._n as_o the_o same_o plutarch_n speak_v of_o philopoemen_n that_o he_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o citizen_n who_o also_o without_o regard_n to_o their_o law_n and_o time_n of_o their_o election_n follow_v he_o by_o the_o bare_a instinct_n of_o nature_n which_o always_o intend_v the_o best_a to_o govern_v the_o worst_a 7.13_o in_o 2_o cor._n 7.13_o thus_o chrysostome_n speak_v of_o moses_n that_o before_o he_o lead_v out_o the_o people_n by_o his_o hand_n he_o declare_v himself_o to_o be_v their_o captain_n by_o his_o deed_n it_o be_v foolish_o demand_v by_o the_o hebrew_n who_o make_v thou_o a_o ruler_n facta_fw-la vides_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr nomine_fw-la facis_fw-la controversiam_fw-la thou_o see_v his_o deed_n and_o do_v thou_o well_o then_o to_o cavil_v about_o name_n as_o if_o a_o patient_a be_v first_o cut_v and_o so_o cure_v of_o some_o desperate_a disease_n shall_v cavil_v with_o his_o physician_n and_o demand_v of_o he_o who_o make_v he_o a_o physician_n or_o who_o give_v he_o authority_n to_o cut_v he_o to_o who_o the_o physician_n may_v very_o well_o answer_v ars_fw-la mea_fw-la &_o morbus_fw-la tuus_fw-la my_o friend_n it_o be_v my_o skill_n and_o thy_o disease_n that_o make_v i_o to_o cut_v thou_o so_o may_v moses_n have_v answer_v it_o be_v thy_o cruelty_n and_o manifest_a injustice_n that_o make_v i_o a_o judge_n and_o a_o ruler_n to_o govern_v well_o be_v not_o a_o dignity_n only_o but_o a_o art_n nay_o the_o great_a of_o art_n sapiens_fw-la nunquam_fw-la privatus_fw-la est_fw-la a_o wise_a man_n be_v never_o a_o private_a man_n as_o cicero_n prove_v by_o the_o example_n of_o nasica_n neither_o be_v he_o unius_fw-la anni_fw-la consul_n a_o magistrate_n for_o one_o year_n only_o as_o horace_n speak_v of_o lollius_n yet_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o this_o liberty_n to_o be_v exercise_v in_o any_o place_n but_o where_o the_o law_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n do_v permit_v it_o for_o these_o natural_a qualification_n as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v infer_v no_o right_n though_o they_o give_v we_o a_o capacity_n for_o it_o concern_v this_o natural_a right_n the_o opinion_n of_o democritus_n be_v this_o concern_v the_o kill_n or_o not_o kill_v of_o live_a creature_n the_o matter_n stand_v thus_o if_o those_o creature_n either_o do_v or_o will_v hurt_v we_o whosoever_o kill_v they_o shall_v be_v innocent_a nay_o he_o that_o kill_v they_o do_v much_o better_a than_o he_o that_o spare_v they_o and_o present_o after_o he_o say_v as_o for_o those_o beast_n which_o unjust_o annoy_v we_o it_o be_v altogether_o lawful_a for_o we_o to_o kill_v they_o all_o and_o sure_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o good_a man_n before_o the_o flood_n do_v live_v much_o after_o this_o manner_n before_o god_n have_v declare_v his_o will_n of_o convert_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o beast_n to_o serve_v a_o man_n

petty_a fault_n with_o rod_n of_o wire_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o cicero_n to_o brutus_n 1._o see_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o speech_n of_o the_o melanois_n in_o guicc_n lib._n 17._o vid._n sup_v sect._n 11._o &_o lib._n 3._o c._n 11._o sect_n 1._o there_o be_v say_v he_o a_o moderation_n to_o be_v use_v as_o well_o in_o punish_v as_o in_o other_o thing_n and_o therefore_o papinianus_n call_v punishment_n the_o valuation_n of_o a_o crime_n and_o 2._o and_o leuct_v 2._o aristides_n say_v that_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o humane_a nature_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v bound_n prescribe_v beyond_o which_o revenge_n shall_v never_o stray_v in_o imitation_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o when_o he_o proceed_v to_o judgement_n be_v say_v to_o lay_v judgement_n to_o the_o rule_n and_o righteousness_n to_o the_o balance_n as_o if_o he_o will_v retale_v it_o as_o it_o be_v by_o weight_n and_o measure_n but_o demosthenes_n in_o his_o epistle_n for_o lycurgus_n child_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o such_o a_o equality_n as_o be_v bare_o in_o weight_n and_o measure_n but_o with_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o purpose_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o delinquent_n and_o then_o he_o conclude_v that_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o merit_n all_o sin_n may_v be_v punish_v more_o or_o less_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v think_v profitable_a xxix_o the_o impulsive_a cause_n of_o sin_n be_v to_o be_v respect_v and_o compare_v together_o in_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o crime_n three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v examine_v first_o the_o cause_n that_o do_v provoke_v second_o the_o cause_n which_o ought_v to_o have_v restrain_v and_o three_o the_o fitness_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o person_n to_o either_o as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o there_o be_v doubtless_o some_o cause_n that_o move_v every_o man_n to_o evil_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o man_n wicked_a but_o for_o some_o end_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o man_n that_o love_v wickedness_n for_o wickedness_n sake_n only_o sure_o he_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o a._n man_n as_o a_o devil_n the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n be_v lead_v unto_o sin_n by_o their_o affection_n 1.15_o jam_fw-la 1.15_o so_o say_v st._n james_n lust_n conceive_v and_o bring_v forth_o sin_n where_o under_o this_o notion_n lust_n or_o appetite_n i_o comprehend_v also_o that_o vehement_a desire_n of_o decline_v every_o thing_n that_o may_v hurt_v we_o which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v the_o most_o natural_a and_o so_o the_o most_o innocent_a ofttime_n a_o man_n be_v almost_o enforce_v upon_o a_o sin_n to_o avoid_v some_o present_a danger_n as_o when_o to_o avoid_v death_n imprisonment_n torment_n or_o extreme_a poverty_n he_o do_v some_o act_n of_o violence_n or_o injustice_n and_o then_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o evil_a that_o pursue_v he_o seem_v to_o render_v his_o sin_n the_o more_o excusable_a whereupon_o demosthenes_n infer_v that_o if_o a_o rich_a man_n be_v unjust_a he_o deserve_v double_o to_o be_v punish_v in_o respect_n of_o what_o he_o suffer_v for_o the_o like_a sin_n who_o be_v oppress_v with_o poverty_n for_o before_o such_o judge_n as_o have_v any_o sentiment_n of_o humanity_n the_o poor_a man_n necessity_n plead_v strong_o for_o pardon_n whereas_o they_o who_o surfeit_v with_o abundance_n sin_n mere_o out_o of_o wantonness_n can_v have_v no_o excuse_n at_o all_o for_o their_o wickedness_n thus_o do_v polybius_n excuse_v the_o acarnanae_n that_o to_o avoid_v that_o imminent_a danger_n that_o threaten_v they_o be_v enforce_v to_o break_v the_o article_n of_o their_o league_n with_o the_o grecian_n against_o the_o aetolian_n the_o more_o vehement_a the_o temptation_n be_v the_o more_o pardonable_a be_v the_o crime_n a_o woman_n of_o smyrna_n as_o gellius_n tell_v the_o story_n 17._o gell._n l._n 12._o c._n 17._o be_v convent_v before_o cn._n dolabella_n the_o proconsul_n of_o asia_n for_o poison_v her_o husband_n and_o his_o son_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o fact_n she_o confess_v allege_v that_o she_o have_v good_a cause_n so_o to_o do_v because_o her_o husband_n and_o his_o son_n have_v betray_v and_o murder_v she_o own_o son_n by_o a_o former_a husband_n be_v a_o young_a man_n innocent_a and_o of_o singular_a hope_n which_o fact_n be_v so_o clear_a that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v deny_v dolabella_n call_v a_o council_n but_o none_o dare_v pass_v sentence_n in_o so_o doubtful_a a_o case_n for_o the_o woman_n fact_n be_v confess_v they_o think_v ought_v not_o to_o go_v unpunished_a and_o yet_o the_o revenge_n she_o take_v for_o the_o murder_n of_o her_o son_n appear_v to_o be_v but_o just_a in_o conclusion_n dolabella_n send_v she_o to_o athens_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o areopagite_n as_o be_v the_o most_o know_a and_o experience_a judge_n of_o that_o age_n who_o upon_o a_o full_a hear_n of_o the_o cause_n adjourn_v the_o determination_n of_o it_o for_o a_o hundred_o year_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o neither_o acquit_v the_o woman_n of_o her_o crime_n against_o the_o law_n nor_o condemn_v she_o though_o guilty_a because_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o temptation_n plead_v for_o pardon_n the_o less_o of_o provocation_n a_o man_n have_v to_o do_v evil_a the_o great_a be_v his_o sin_n whence_o aristotle_n infer_v that_o the_o sin_n of_o incontinence_n be_v great_a than_o that_o commit_v through_o fear_n because_o it_o be_v more_o voluntary_a for_o what_o a_o man_n do_v out_o of_o fear_n be_v to_o preserve_v himself_o from_o destruction_n and_o in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o be_v a_o force_n upon_o the_o will_n 32._o see_v prov._n 6.30_o 31_o 32._o but_o lust_n be_v conceive_v within_o we_o and_o therefore_o have_v the_o more_o of_o evil_n because_o it_o have_v a_o large_a share_n of_o the_o will_n with_o who_o accord_v philo_n upon_o the_o decalogue_n all_o other_o vehement_a perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o assault_n of_o some_o outward_a temptation_n which_o seem_v to_o happen_v against_o our_o will_n only_o our_o lust_n because_o they_o be_v conceive_v within_o we_o can_v be_v impute_v to_o none_o but_o ourselves_o all_o sin_n say_v chrysostome_n merit_v not_o the_o same_o punishment_n but_o those_o deserve_v the_o great_a which_o may_v easy_a be_v resist_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o another_o place_n he_o infer_v that_o the_o slanderer_n be_v a_o great_a sinner_n than_o a_o fornicator_n a_o thief_n or_o a_o homicide_n because_o these_o may_v have_v vehement_a temptation_n but_o the_o slanderer_n none_o but_o his_o own_o will._n man_n do_v not_o despise_v a_o thief_n if_o he_o steal_v to_o satisfy_v his_o own_o soul_n when_o he_o be_v hungry_a but_o he_o that_o commit_v adultery_n with_o a_o woman_n lack_v understanding_n he_o that_o do_v it_o destroy_v his_o own_o soul_n prov._n 6.30_o 32._o all_o other_o appetite_n do_v tend_v to_o some_o good_a either_o real_a or_o imaginary_a those_o thing_n that_o be_v real_o good_a beside_o virtue_n and_o their_o action_n which_o can_v entice_v unto_o sin_n be_v always_o at_o peace_n among_o themselves_o be_v either_o delectable_a as_o pleasure_n or_o such_o as_o be_v desirable_a in_o order_n to_o thing_n that_o be_v delectable_a which_o we_o call_v thing_n profitable_a as_o abundance_n of_o all_o outward_a enjoyment_n those_o that_o be_v imaginary_a only_o and_o not_o real_o good_a be_v either_o the_o excellency_n that_o we_o think_v we_o have_v above_o other_o as_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o virtue_n and_o profit_n or_o revenge_n both_o which_o the_o more_o devious_a from_o nature_n they_o be_v the_o worse_o they_o be_v naturalia_fw-la desideria_fw-la finita_fw-la sunt_fw-la ex_fw-la falsa_fw-la opinion_n nascentia_fw-la ubi_fw-la desinant_fw-la non_fw-la habent_fw-la our_o natural_a want_n say_v seneca_n be_v easy_o sum_v up_o but_o those_o that_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o false_a opinion_n be_v infinite_a st_n john_n collect_v all_o the_o provocation_n to_o sin_n under_o these_o three_o head_n 2.16_o 1_o joh._n 2.16_o the_o lust_n of_o the_o flesh_n the_o lust_n of_o the_o eye_n or_o the_o pride_n of_o life_n the_o first_o whereof_o comprehend_v the_o desire_n of_o pleasure_n the_o second_o of_o profit_n the_o three_o of_o vainglory_n and_o anger_n and_o philo_n in_o his_o exposition_n of_o the_o decalogue_n derive_v all_o that_o be_v evil_a from_o the_o desire_n either_o of_o riches_n honour_n or_o pleasure_n 6._o lib._n 6._o and_o lactantius_n describe_v the_o office_n of_o virtue_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o suppression_n of_o our_o anger_n in_o bridle_v of_o our_o lust_n and_o in_o the_o moderate_n of_o our_o desire_n of_o riches_n for_o say_v he_o almost_o all_o our_o unjust_a and_o wicked_a action_n do_v arise_v from_o one_o of_o these_o affection_n which_o elsewhere_o he_o repeat_v xxx_o the_o cause_n restrain_v from_o sin_n the_o general_a cause_n that_o shall_v restrain_v we_o from_o

livy_n lib._n 7._o say_v livy_n to_o desert_n such_o ii_o yet_o be_v it_o not_o always_o convenient_a neither_o be_v it_o prudence_n in_o a_o governor_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o war_n always_o though_o upon_o a_o just_a ground_n for_o any_o particular_a subject_n unless_o it_o may_v be_v do_v safe_o without_o endanger_v all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o good_a prince_n to_o prefer_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a before_o its_o part_n and_o the_o great_a the_o part_n be_v that_o he_o provide_v for_o the_o near_a it_o draw_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o whole_a iii_o whether_o a_o innocent_a subject_n may_v be_v deliver_v up_o to_o preserve_v the_o whole_a wherefore_o in_o case_n the_o enemy_n shall_v require_v any_o one_o person_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o death_n though_o that_o person_n be_v innocent_a there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o he_o may_v be_v forsake_v if_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o the_o city_n be_v too_o weak_a to_o make_v resistance_n for_o as_o nicephorus_n in_o zonaras_n advise_v right_o concern_v the_o deliver_n up_o of_o the_o fugitive_n to_o the_o bulgarian_a general_n to_o purchase_v their_o peace_n we_o judge_v it_o much_o better_a that_o a_o few_o man_n shall_v perish_v than_o that_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n shall_v be_v destroy_v non_fw-la malo_fw-la unius_fw-la domus_fw-la commune_fw-la vinci_fw-la sed_fw-la nec_fw-la aequari_fw-la potest_fw-la no_o one_o man_n suffering_n can_v equal_v be_v unto_o a_o general_a calamity_n when_o alexander_n have_v destroy_v thebes_n he_o come_v to_o athens_n threaten_v to_o destroy_v it_o photion_n plut._n vit_fw-mi photion_n unless_o demosthenes_n lycurgus_n and_o other_o who_o have_v high_o exasperate_v the_o people_n against_o he_o be_v deliver_v unto_o he_o photion_n thereupon_o be_v urge_v in_o the_o senate_n to_o deliver_v his_o opinion_n in_o that_o case_n point_v to_o his_o dear_a friend_n nicocles_n answer_v eo_fw-la in_o fortunii_fw-la urbem_fw-la nostram_fw-la isti_fw-la perduxerunt_fw-la ut_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la hunc_fw-la nicoclem_fw-la meum_fw-la dedi_fw-la alexander_n poscat_fw-la dedi_fw-la jussurus_fw-la sum_fw-la into_o such_o a_o desperate_a condition_n have_v these_o man_n bring_v this_o city_n that_o if_o alexander_n have_v demand_v my_o dear_a friend_n nicocles_n my_o vote_n shall_v have_v pass_v for_o his_o delivery_n yea_o and_o i_o shall_v think_v myself_o happy_a may_v my_o life_n alone_o be_v accept_v as_o a_o sacrifice_n to_o preserve_v it_o it_o be_v true_a vasquius_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o contrary_a judgement_n yet_o he_o that_o thorough_o weigh_v not_o so_o much_o his_o word_n as_o his_o intention_n and_o purpose_n may_v perceive_v that_o all_o he_o aim_v at_o be_v this_o only_a that_o such_o a_o innocent_a person_n be_v not_o rash_o or_o easy_o to_o be_v deliver_v where_o there_o remain_v any_o hope_n that_o he_o may_v be_v defend_v for_o he_o there_o bring_v in_o a_o story_n of_o a_o certain_a band_n of_o italian_a foot_n who_o he_o deserve_o condemn_v for_o desert_v pompey_n before_o his_o case_n be_v desperate_a upon_o caesar_n promise_n of_o safety_n and_o protection_n which_o he_o condemn_v and_o that_o not_o unworthy_o but_o whether_o a_o innocent_a citizen_n may_v be_v deliver_v up_o into_o the_o enemy_n power_n to_o preserve_v his_o city_n from_o imminent_a ruin_n be_v much_o dispute_v now_o among_o the_o learned_a as_o it_o former_o be_v when_o demosthenes_n invent_v that_o notable_a apologue_n of_o the_o wolf_n who_o be_v content_a to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o sheep_n upon_o condition_n that_o their_o dog_n may_v be_v deliver_v up_o unto_o they_o neither_o do_v vasquius_fw-la only_o deny_v this_o but_o sotus_n also_o who_o opinion_n vasquius_fw-la condemn_v as_o be_v too_o near_o a_o neighbour_n to_o treachery_n yet_o sotus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o such_o a_o citizen_n ought_v to_o deliver_v up_o himself_o which_o vasquius_fw-la deny_v be_v sway_v by_o this_o reason_n because_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o civil_a society_n which_o be_v at_o the_o first_o enter_v into_o for_o mutual_a preservation_n do_v not_o permit_v it_o but_o the_o force_n of_o this_o argument_n reach_v no_o far_a than_o this_o that_o no_o citizen_n be_v bind_v so_o to_o do_v by_o any_o right_n strict_o take_v but_o it_o argue_v not_o that_o if_o he_o do_v it_o he_o transgress_v the_o rule_n of_o charity_n for_o there_o be_v many_o duty_n which_o though_o not_o by_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o justice_n yet_o by_o the_o bond_n of_o charity_n we_o stand_v oblige_v to_o perform_v which_o be_v not_o only_o laudable_a be_v do_v as_o vasquius_fw-la acknowledge_v but_o which_o can_v be_v leave_v undo_v without_o blame_n whereof_o this_o be_v one_o that_o every_o man_n prefer_v the_o safety_n of_o a_o innocent_a multitude_n before_o his_o own_o know_v you_o not_o say_v caiaphas_n the_o high_a priest_n that_o it_o be_v better_a that_o be_v less_o evil_a that_o one_o man_n shall_v die_v than_o that_o the_o whole_a nation_n shall_v perish_v for_o the_o destruction_n of_o no_o one_o family_n can_v equal_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o universe_n a_o particular_a mischief_n be_v much_o more_o tolerable_a than_o a_o general_a calamity_n and_o therefore_o photion_n do_v wise_o when_o he_o persuade_v demosthenes_n rather_o to_o undergo_v death_n himself_o than_o that_o for_o he_o his_o native_a country_n shall_v be_v destroy_v 17_o diodor._fw-la lib._n 17_o which_o he_o urge_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o daughter_n of_o leus_n and_o of_o the_o hyacinthides_n this_o be_v cicero_n resolution_n in_o the_o like_a case_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o oration_n he_o make_v for_o p._n sextius_n if_o it_o shall_v happen_v say_v he_o that_o sail_v in_o a_o ship_n with_o my_o friend_n and_o be_v therein_o assault_v by_o many_o pirate_n who_o peremptory_o resolve_v to_o sink_v the_o ship_n unless_o i_o only_o be_v deliver_v up_o unto_o they_o i_o shall_v choose_v rather_o to_o cast_v myself_o into_o the_o sea_n to_o preserve_v my_o friend_n than_o endeavour_n to_o preserve_v my_o own_o life_n with_o the_o danger_n of_o they_o and_o so_o in_o another_o place_n a_o honest_a and_o a_o prudent_a man_n observe_v the_o law_n and_o know_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o civil_a life_n 3._o de_fw-fr finib_fw-la lib._n 3._o do_v always_o prefer_v a_o general_a good_a before_o the_o advantage_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n though_o of_o himself_o livy_n speak_v of_o certain_a molossian_n say_v that_o he_o have_v often_o hear_v of_o man_n that_o willing_o expose_v themselves_o to_o death_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n but_o these_o say_v he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o i_o hear_v of_o that_o think_v it_o fit_a that_o their_o country_n shall_v perish_v for_o themselves_o only_o but_o here_o also_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o a_o citizen_n though_o oblige_v in_o duty_n to_o do_v it_o may_v be_v compel_v thereunto_o this_o sotus_n deny_v by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o rich_a man_n that_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o bond_n of_o mercy_n and_o charity_n to_o administer_v to_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o poor_a yet_o can_v be_v compel_v thereunto_o but_o we_o must_v here_o note_v that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o the_o part_n compare_v between_o themselves_o as_o there_o be_v for_o the_o superior_n compare_v with_o those_o that_o be_v subject_a unto_o they_o for_o equal_n can_v compel_v one_o another_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v strict_o due_a whereas_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o superior_n as_o superior_n to_o enforce_v their_o inferior_n to_o any_o virtuous_a act_n for_o the_o public_a good_a so_o we_o read_v that_o the_o lucan_n ordain_v a_o punishment_n against_o prodigality_n the_o macedonian_n against_o ingratitude_n and_o the_o athenian_n and_o lucan_n both_a against_o idleness_n as_o in_o a_o time_n of_o dearth_n any_o one_o citizen_n may_v be_v enforce_v to_o produce_v his_o private_a store_n of_o grain_n and_o to_o make_v it_o public_a so_o in_o this_o case_n whatsoever_o charity_n require_v of_o we_o the_o magistrate_n for_o a_o more_o universal_a good_a have_v a_o power_n to_o enforce_v as_o photion_n will_v have_v deliver_v up_o his_o friend_n nicocles_n have_v alexander_n demand_v he_o iv_o war_n may_v just_o be_v make_v for_o our_o confederate_n equal_a or_o unequal_a next_o unto_o our_o own_o subject_n or_o rather_o equal_o to_o be_v defend_v be_v our_o confederate_n whether_o they_o surrender_v themselves_o upon_o condition_n of_o protection_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v covenant_v for_o mutual_a aid_n and_o assistance_n qui_fw-la non_fw-la repellit_fw-la injuriam_fw-la à_fw-la socio_fw-la si_fw-la potest_fw-la tam_fw-la est_fw-la in_o vitio_fw-la quam_fw-la ille_fw-la qui_fw-la facit_fw-la he_o that_o defend_v not_o his_o associate_n when_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n be_v as_o

privilege_n be_v but_o private_a law_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v maintain_v against_o the_o public_a safety_n which_o be_v the_o high_a law_n and_o this_o she_o assert_n to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o many_o thing_n to_o this_o purpose_n we_o may_v find_v in_o jo._n meursius_n his_o danish_a history_n l._n 1._o &_o 2._o where_o the_o lubecker_n and_o the_o emperor_n be_v for_o a_o free_a trade_n the_o dane_n against_o it_o the_o carthaginian_n we_o read_v sometime_o take_v the_o roman_n prisoner_n who_o have_v carry_v such_o warlike_a provision_n to_o their_o enemy_n but_o yet_o upon_o demand_n they_o set_v they_o at_o liberty_n but_o demetrius_n be_v possess_v of_o attica_n and_o have_v strict_o begird_v athens_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n take_v a_o ship_n that_o be_v attempt_v to_o relieve_v it_o be_v now_o ready_a to_o yield_v hang_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n together_o with_o the_o pilot_n whereby_o other_o be_v deter_v from_o the_o like_a attempt_n the_o city_n be_v yield_v unto_o he_o as_o plutarch_n relate_v in_o the_o life_n of_o demetrius_n not_o much_o unlike_a unto_o this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o same_o plutarch_n in_o his_o mithridatick_a war_n testify_v of_o pompey_n that_o he_o place_v guard_n upon_o the_o bosphorus_n so_o that_o if_o any_o merchant_n sail_v through_o it_o they_o be_v if_o take_v put_v to_o death_n vi_o whether_o fraud_n in_o war_n be_v lawful_a as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o prosecute_a war_n it_o be_v general_o grant_v that_o force_n and_o terror_n be_v the_o most_o proper_a way_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o deceit_n be_v lawful_a both_o homer_n and_o pindar_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v annoy_v any_o way_n by_o fraud_n or_o force_n plain_o or_o secret_o clamve_fw-la palamve_fw-la so_o virgil_n force_n or_o deceit_n who_o in_o a_o foe_n dispute_v no_o man_n be_v more_o famous_a for_o wisdom_n than_o solon_n yet_o he_o make_v use_v of_o both_o 15._o lib._n 15._o so_o do_v fabius_n maximus_n and_o be_v high_o commend_v for_o it_o by_o silius_n for_o stratagem_n of_o war_n none_o so_o celebrate_v as_o ulysses_n among_o the_o grecian_n from_o whence_o lucian_n make_v this_o conclusion_n agesilaus_n lucian_n phil._n xenoph._n de_fw-fr cyri_n inst_z lib._n 1._o thucyd._n lib._n 5._o plut._n agesilaus_n that_o deceit_n in_o war_n be_v praiseworthy_a there_o be_v nothing_o so_o profitable_a in_o war_n as_o fraud_n say_v xenophon_n bracidas_n in_o thucydides_n give_v the_o great_a honour_n unto_o he_o that_o overcome_v his_o enemy_n by_o craft_n and_o subtlety_n host_n decipere_fw-la &_o justum_fw-la &_o licitum_fw-la to_o overreach_v a_o enemy_n say_v agesilaus_n in_o plutarch_n be_v both_o just_a and_o lawful_a so_o polybius_n he_o that_o can_v circumvent_v his_o enemy_n by_o wile_n and_o stratagem_n deserve_v more_o honour_n than_o he_o that_o overcome_v he_o by_o plain_a force_n and_o from_o he_o silius_n bring_v in_o corvinus_n speak_v thus_o bellandum_fw-la est_fw-la astu_fw-la levior_fw-la laus_fw-la in_o deuce_n dextra_fw-la it_o be_v fraud_n not_o force_n commend_v a_o captain_n most_o so_o also_o think_v the_o severe_a spartan_n as_o plutarch_n note_v in_o the_o life_n of_o marcellus_n and_o therefore_o they_o offer_v more_o solemn_a sacrifice_n to_o the_o god_n for_o a_o victory_n obtain_v by_o craft_n and_o policy_n than_o for_o that_o which_o be_v gain_v by_o mere_a force_n and_o herein_o it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o plutarch_n commend_v lysander_n because_o he_o use_v more_o craft_n than_o courage_n in_o destroy_v his_o enemy_n with_o who_o he_o compare_v sylla_n of_o who_o this_o character_n be_v give_v that_o he_o piece_v to_o the_o lion_n skin_n the_o fox_n tail_n so_o likewise_o in_o that_o encomium_n which_o he_o give_v of_o philopoemen_n he_o insert_v this_o that_o be_v well_o instruct_v in_o the_o cretensian_a discipline_n he_o do_v expedite_v that_o plain_a and_o generous_a way_n of_o fight_v by_o wile_n and_o stratagem_n thus_o ammianus_n also_o nullo_n discrimine_fw-la virtutis_fw-la ac_fw-la doli_fw-la prosperi_fw-la omnes_fw-la laudari_fw-la debent_fw-la bellorum_fw-la eventus_fw-la without_o any_o distinction_n at_o all_o between_o craft_n or_o courage_n all_o prosperous_a success_n in_o war_n deserve_v commendation_n the_o roman_a lawyer_n account_v all_o fraud_n whereby_o a_o enemy_n be_v weaken_v to_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a and_o if_o a_o man_n can_v by_o any_o mean_n delude_v the_o design_n of_o his_o enemy_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o force_n or_o wit_n he_o be_v to_o be_v encourage_v neither_o among_o divine_n do_v st_n augustine_n differ_v in_o opinion_n from_o these_o historian_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o ten_o question_n on_o joshua_n 10_o sup_v josh_n qu._n 10_o cum_fw-la justum_fw-la bellum_fw-la suscipitur_fw-la vi_fw-la aperta_fw-la pugnet_fw-la quis_fw-la aut_fw-la insidiis_fw-la nihil_fw-la ad_fw-la justitiam_fw-la interest_n in_o case_n the_o war_n be_v just_a say_v he_o it_o matter_n not_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o its_o prosecution_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o force_n or_o policy_n nay_o st._n chrysostome_n seem_v to_o give_v great_a honour_n to_o those_o general_n that_o overcome_v their_o enemy_n by_o subtlety_n than_o to_o those_o who_o conquer_v they_o by_o pure_a valour_n but_o there_o be_v opinion_n that_o seem_v to_o defend_v the_o contrary_a some_o whereof_o we_o shall_v rehearse_v anon_o the_o main_a hinge_n whereupon_o the_o controversy_n hang_v be_v this_o whether_o deceit_n be_v universal_o evil_a for_o the●_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o do_v evil_a that_o good_a may_v come_v of_o it_o or_o whether_o deceit_n be_v to_o be_v rank_v among_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v not_o universal_o evil_a in_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o that_o sometime_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o it_o may_v be_v good_n vii_o fraud_n in_o its_o negative_a act_n not_o unlawful_a here_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o some_o fraud_n consist_v in_o a_o negative_a act_n and_o some_o in_o a_o positive_a but_o in_o this_o question_n i_o extend_v the_o word_n fraud_n even_o unto_o those_o thing_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o negative_a act_n as_o labeo_n do_v who_o refer_v it_o unto_o that_o fraud_n which_o be_v not_o evil_a when_o a_o man_n by_o dissimulation_n preserve_v that_o which_o be_v either_o his_o own_o or_o another_o man_n 3._o de_fw-fr offic._n 3._o cicero_n doubtless_o be_v very_o short_a in_o his_o expression_n when_o he_o labour_v to_o explode_v simulation_n and_o dissimulation_n out_o of_o the_o world_n for_o see_v that_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o reveal_v unto_o other_o all_o that_o we_o either_o know_v or_o will_v have_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o dissemble_v some_o thing_n before_o some_o man_n that_o be_v to_o hide_v from_o they_o somewhat_o of_o what_o we_o know_v 10._o lib._n count_v mendat_fw-la cap._n 10._o or_o of_o what_o we_o desire_v licet_fw-la occultare_fw-la veritatem_fw-la prudenter_fw-la sub_fw-la aliqua_fw-la dissimulatione_fw-la the_o truth_n we_o may_v sometime_o prudent_o conceal_v under_o some_o disguise_n say_v st_n augustine_n which_o we_o may_v do_v without_o be_v just_o charge_v with_o lie_v for_o as_o the_o same_o author_n elsewhere_o speak_v aliud_fw-la est_fw-la mentiri_fw-la aliud_fw-la verum_fw-la occultare_fw-la it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o lie_v and_o another_o to_o conceal_v the_o truth_n as_o abraham_n when_o he_o affirm_v sarah_n to_o be_v his_o sister_n do_v not_o therein_o deny_v that_o she_o be_v his_o wife_n but_o only_o conceal_v it_o so_o st_n augustine_n veritatem_fw-la voluit_fw-la celari_fw-la 20._o gen._n 20._o non_fw-la mendacium_fw-la dici_fw-la he_o be_v indeed_o willing_a that_o the_o truth_n shall_v lie_v undiscovered_a without_o tell_v a_o lie_n now_o if_o this_o be_v lawful_a in_o other_o sure_o it_o be_v necessary_a and_o unavoidable_a in_o prince_n as_o cicero_n testify_v in_o many_o place_n a_o notable_a example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o prophet_n jeremiah_n 38._o jerem._n 38._o where_o the_o prophet_n be_v inquire_v of_o concern_v the_o event_n of_o the_o siege_n do_v at_o the_o king_n request_n prudent_o conceal_v it_o from_o the_o noble_n allege_v some_o other_o cause_n of_o their_o conference_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v real_o true_a also_o so_o abraham_n tell_v abimelech_n true_a when_o he_o say_v of_o sarah_n that_o she_o be_v his_o sister_n that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o speech_n among_o the_o hebrew_n his_o near_a kinswoman_n dissemble_v for_o that_o time_n that_o she_o be_v his_o wife_n viii_o fraud_n in_o its_o positive_a act_n distinguish_v but_o fraud_n which_o consist_v in_o a_o positive_a act_n if_o in_o thing_n be_v call_v simulation_n if_o in_o word_n a_o lie_n some_o place_n the_o difference_n between_o these_o two_o in_o this_o that_o word_n do_v natural_o signify_v the_o conception_n of_o our_o mind_n but_o thing_n not_o

drink_v new_a wine_n with_o he_o in_o his_o father_n kingdom_n he_o know_v very_o well_o that_o they_o understand_v he_o as_o of_o a_o temporal_a kingdom_n whereof_o they_o be_v full_a of_o hope_n even_o unto_o the_o very_a day_n of_o his_o ascension_n and_o thus_o in_o another_o place_n he_o speak_v to_o the_o people_n in_o parable_n lest_o hear_v they_o shall_v understand_v that_o be_v unless_o they_o shall_v bring_v with_o they_o such_o reverence_n and_o attention_n as_o be_v requisite_a in_o order_n to_o the_o right_a receive_n of_o his_o pure_a doctrine_n as_o to_o the_o latter_a use_n of_o these_o amphibology_n amphibology_n amphibology_n among_o profane_a author_n tacitus_n will_v furnish_v we_o with_o the_o example_n of_o one_o lucius_n vitellius_n who_o be_v urge_v by_o narcissus_n to_o unriddle_v himself_o and_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n plain_o can_v never_o prevail_v but_o still_o he_o give_v ambiguous_a and_o doubtful_a answer_n such_o as_o may_v incline_v they_o to_o that_o whereunto_o he_o will_v have_v they_o lead_v so_o the_o same_o tacitus_n in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o tiberius_n say_v 6._o tacit._n ann._n lib._n 6._o ita_fw-la compositus_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la eventu_fw-la rerum_fw-la adversa_fw-la abnueret_fw-la vel_fw-la prospera_fw-la agnosceret_fw-la he_o do_v so_o artificial_o compose_v his_o answer_n that_o expect_v the_o event_n he_o may_v either_o renounce_v the_o plot_n if_o it_o succeed_v not_o or_o own_o it_o if_o it_o prosper_v exposition_n much_o like_a unto_o that_o of_o the_o oracle_n to_o croesus_n if_o croesus_n over_o halis_n go_v a_o kingdom_n shall_v he_o overthrow_v which_o croesus_n understand_v in_o a_o wrong_a sense_n instead_o of_o conquer_a persia_n lose_v his_o own_o kingdom_n of_o lydia_n the_o like_a we_o read_v be_v send_v from_o rome_n to_o some_o that_o wait_v but_o for_o the_o pope_n fiat_fw-la to_o have_v kill_v king_n edward_n edvardum_fw-la occidere_fw-la nolite_fw-la timere_fw-la bonum_fw-la est_fw-la which_o be_v write_v without_o any_o point_n or_o comma_n will_v admit_v of_o two_o contrary_a exposition_n there_o be_v a_o very_a notable_a say_v among_o the_o hebrew_a doctor_n si_fw-la quis_fw-la norit_fw-la uti_fw-la perplexiloquio_fw-la recte_fw-la sin_v minus_fw-la taceat_fw-la if_o a_o man_n be_v put_v to_o answer_v insidious_a question_n can_v either_o prevent_v or_o avoid_v they_o by_o amphibology_n let_v he_o if_o not_o let_v he_o not_o answer_v at_o all_o for_o as_o st_n chrysostome_n observe_v he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v as_o a_o deceiver_n that_o use_v amphibology_n to_o a_o good_a end_n but_o he_o that_o use_v they_o to_o a_o bad_a but_o yet_o in_o some_o case_n to_o use_v they_o be_v not_o allowable_a as_o namely_o when_o either_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n or_o our_o charity_n to_o our_o neighbour_n when_o our_o reverence_n to_o our_o superior_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o whereof_o we_o treat_v require_v that_o we_o shall_v clear_o unmask_v ourselves_o and_o declare_v the_o truth_n then_o to_o use_v these_o amphibology_n be_v not_o only_o indecent_a but_o impious_a so_o in_o contract_n we_o have_v already_o say_v whatsoever_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o contract_n require_v to_o be_v understand_v shall_v be_v declare_v so_o of_o law_n which_o shall_v be_v the_o guide_n of_o man_n manner_n it_o be_v require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v express_v in_o the_o plain_a and_o most_o significant_a word_n that_o may_v be_v find_v now_o in_o the_o case_n of_o contract_n may_v that_o of_o cicero_n be_v fit_o understand_v that_o lie_v aught_o to_o be_v exclude_v out_o of_o all_o humane_a commerce_n which_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v out_o of_o that_o old_a attic_a law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o a_o market_n nothing_o ought_v to_o be_v speak_v but_o truth_n in_o which_o case_n the_o word_n mendacium_fw-la be_v to_o be_v take_v so_o large_o as_o to_o comprehend_v all_o doubtful_a and_o ambiguous_a phrase_n which_o we_o speak_v proper_o have_v hitherto_o exclude_v from_o this_o notion_n of_o lie_v xi_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lie_n as_o it_o be_v unlawful_a wherein_o it_o consist_v it_o be_v require_v therefore_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o lie_n common_o so_o take_v that_o what_o be_v either_o speak_v or_o write_v or_o by_o any_o other_o sign_n express_v can_v otherwise_o be_v understand_v than_o in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o be_v different_a from_o his_o mind_n that_o so_o declare_v it_o but_o to_o a_o lie_n strict_o take_v as_o it_o be_v natural_o unlawful_a there_o be_v necessary_o require_v some_o peculiar_a difference_n which_o if_o right_o understand_v at_o least_o according_a to_o the_o common_a acception_n of_o nation_n can_v be_v nothing_o more_o than_o the_o violation_n of_o his_o exi_a and_o remain_v right_o with_o who_o we_o converse_v for_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o himself_o no_o man_n can_v lie_v let_v he_o speak_v never_o so_o much_o falsehood_n where_o by_o right_n i_o understand_v not_o every_o right_n and_o what_o be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o thing_n but_o that_o which_o mere_o relate_v unto_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o his_o freedom_n with_o who_o we_o discourse_v to_o judge_v at_o the_o conception_n of_o our_o mind_n which_o as_o by_o a_o silent_a contract_n we_o be_v presume_v to_o owe_v unto_o he_o for_o this_o and_o no_o other_o be_v that_o mutual_a obligation_n which_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o introduce_v so_o soon_o as_o language_n be_v invent_v or_o those_o other_o note_n or_o sign_n general_o receive_v as_o significant_a of_o our_o inward_a thought_n without_o which_o obligation_n that_o invention_n have_v be_v altogether_o fruitless_a and_o therefore_o among_o the_o hebrew_n he_o that_o deprive_v a_o man_n of_o the_o mean_n of_o knowledge_n be_v say_v cor_fw-la furari_fw-la furari_fw-la cor_fw-la furari_fw-la to_o steal_v away_o his_o heart_n as_o jacob_n be_v say_v to_o steal_v away_o the_o heart_n of_o laban_n in_o that_o he_o do_v not_o acquaint_v he_o with_o his_o purpose_n to_o depart_v from_o he_o gen._n 31.20_o 26_o 27._o 27_o gen._n 31._o ●●_o 26_o 27_o now_o it_o be_v also_o requisite_a that_o this_o right_a or_o liberty_n to_o judge_v by_o such_o word_n or_o sign_n at_o their_o inward_a conception_n shall_v remain_v entire_a at_o that_o time_n when_o we_o discourse_n for_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o though_o there_o be_v such_o a_o freedom_n yet_o it_o be_v then_o take_v away_o or_o may_v be_v by_o some_o other_o right_o that_o be_v supervenient_a as_o a_o debt_n that_o be_v may_v cease_v to_o be_v so_o by_o reason_n either_o of_o a_o acquittance_n give_v or_o a_o fail_n of_o the_o performance_n of_o some_o condition_n again_o it_o be_v require_v that_o the_o right_a that_o be_v violate_v be_v his_o with_o who_o we_o discourse_v and_o not_o a_o bystander_n or_o any_o other_o man_n as_o in_o a_o contract_n there_o arise_v no_o injustice_n but_o by_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o right_n of_o one_o of_o the_o contractor_n hence_o haply_o it_o be_v that_o after_o simonides_n plato_n refer_v the_o speak_n of_o truth_n to_o justice_n and_o that_o st_n augustin_n himself_o insert_v into_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o lie_n that_o it_o be_v speak_v animo_fw-la fallendi_fw-la with_o a_o purpose_n to_o deceive_v and_o cicero_n plato_n and_o oother_n will_v have_v the_o speak_n of_o truth_n to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o fundamental_o of_o justice_n and_o that_o that_o lie_v that_o be_v forbid_v the_o scripture_n do_v often_o describe_v by_o bear_v false_a witness_n against_o our_o neighbour_n 6.18_o instit_fw-la 6.18_o whereunto_o lactantius_n have_v respect_n where_o he_o say_v that_o no_o untruth_n ought_v to_o be_v speak_v at_o any_o time_n with_o a_o intent_n either_o to_o hurt_v or_o deceive_v our_o neighbour_n but_o this_o right_n may_v be_v take_v away_o as_o i_o have_v say_v as_o by_o express_a consent_n of_o he_o with_o who_o we_o converse_v when_o he_o declare_v before_o he_o speak_v that_o he_o will_v speak_v false_a and_o he_o to_o who_o he_o declare_v it_o do_v permit_v it_o so_o by_o a_o tacit_a consent_n or_o on_o a_o presumption_n ground_v upon_o just_a reason_n or_o by_o the_o opposition_n of_o another_o right_n which_o by_o the_o common_a judgement_n of_o all_o be_v most_o prevalent_a from_o these_o premise_n right_o understand_v many_o inference_n may_v be_v draw_v in_o order_n to_o the_o reconcile_n of_o those_o different_a opinion_n former_o mention_v xii_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o speak_v untruth_n to_o infant_n and_o madman_n as_o first_o in_o case_n we_o converse_v with_o either_o a_o child_n or_o a_o mad_a man_n if_o what_o we_o say_v be_v false_a it_o can_v be_v impute_v as_o a_o lie_n because_o as_o quintilian_n say_v it_o be_v universal_o permit_v as_o profitable_a to_o instruct_v infant_n by_o tale_n and_o fable_n

but_o the_o immediate_a reason_n be_v because_o not_o have_v a_o freedom_n of_o judgement_n they_o can_v be_v injure_v about_o that_o liberty_n which_o they_o have_v not_o xiii_o when_o he_o to_o who_o we_o direct_v our_o speech_n be_v not_o deceive_v but_o a_o by-stander_n second_o whilst_o we_o discourse_v with_o one_o man_n who_o be_v not_o deceive_v if_o another_o to_o who_o we_o direct_v not_o our_o discourse_n be_v thereby_o deceive_v we_o can_v be_v just_o charge_v with_o a_o lie_n for_o first_o it_o be_v not_o a_o lie_n in_o respect_n of_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v speak_v because_o his_o judgement_n remain_v sound_a and_o uncorrupted_a as_o he_o do_v who_o hear_v a_o romance_n understand_v it_o to_o be_v so_o so_o likewise_o do_v he_o who_o hear_v a_o parable_n or_o figurative_a speech_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o irony_n or_o hyperbole_n whereby_o we_o arrive_v as_o seneca_n speak_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o be_v true_a by_o something_o that_o be_v not_o true_a irony_n de_fw-fr benef._n l._n 7._o c._n 23._o hyperbole_n irony_n assert_v thing_n incredible_a to_o gain_v belief_n to_o thing_n credible_a neither_o be_v it_o a_o lie_n in_o respect_n of_o he_o that_o overhear_v it_o because_o he_o be_v not_o concern_v in_o our_o discourse_n we_o stand_v no_o way_n oblige_v unto_o he_o but_o if_o that_o man_n do_v conceive_v a_o erroneous_a opinion_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o discourse_n between_o other_o he_o may_v just_o blame_v himself_o if_o he_o be_v deceive_v 5._o see_v albericus_n gent._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o and_o not_o other_o for_o to_o speak_v proper_o our_o speech_n one_o with_o another_o be_v no_o speech_n at_o all_o in_o respect_n of_o a_o by-stander_n neither_o do_v it_o signify_v to_o he_o any_o thing_n hysp_n livy_n l._n 34._o app._n hysp_n and_o therefore_o neither_o be_v cato_n the_o censor_n to_o be_v blame_v for_o promise_a aid_n to_o his_o confederate_n though_o false_o nor_o flaccus_n in_o divulge_v unto_o other_o that_o emilius_n have_v take_v his_o enemy_n city_n by_o assault_n though_o it_o be_v untrue_a and_o his_o enemy_n thereby_o deceive_v the_o like_a plutarch_n record_v of_o agesilaus_n for_o nothing_o be_v therein_o say_v to_o the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o the_o damage_n that_o be_v consequent_a thereunto_o be_v but_o extrinsic_a and_o adventitious_a which_o to_o a_o enemy_n either_o to_o wish_v or_o procure_v be_v not_o unlawful_a unto_o this_o kind_n of_o false_a speak_a st_n chrysostome_n hierome_n cyril_n and_o other_o refer_v that_o speech_n of_o st_n paul_n reprove_v st_n peter_n at_o antioch_n for_o too_o much_o judaize_v as_o believe_v that_o st_n peter_n very_o well_o understand_v st_n paul_n namely_o that_o he_o do_v it_o not_o serious_o and_o in_o good_a earnest_n but_o only_o to_o prevent_v a_o scandal_n that_o may_v thence_o arise_v to_o such_o as_o be_v weak_a among_o they_o fourteen_o when_o our_o speech_n be_v direct_v to_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v deceive_v the_o three_o inference_n be_v this_o when_o we_o be_v sure_a that_o he_o with_o who_o we_o converse_v will_v not_o only_o not_o be_v offend_v though_o his_o judgement_n be_v for_o the_o present_a delude_v but_o that_o he_o will_v also_o be_v thankful_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o profit_n that_o will_v thence_o arise_v to_o he_o in_o this_o case_n a_o lie_n strict_o take_v that_o be_v a_o injurious_a lie_n can_v be_v impute_v unto_o we_o no_o more_o than_o that_o can_v be_v impute_v unto_o we_o as_o theft_n when_o upon_o presumption_n that_o the_o owner_n will_v not_o be_v offend_v we_o spend_v somewhat_o that_o be_v he_o thereby_o to_o procure_v he_o a_o much_o great_a profit_n for_o in_o case_n of_o such_o certain_a profit_n our_o presumption_n be_v as_o authoritative_a as_o his_o express_a consent_n and_o to_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a be_v no_o injury_n do_v wherefore_o a_o physician_n be_v not_o presume_v to_o lie_v when_o he_o cheer_v up_o his_o despond_v patient_a with_o the_o feign_a hope_n of_o recovery_n or_o when_o a_o general_n in_o a_o dangerous_a battle_n cheer_v up_o the_o spirit_n of_o his_o faint_a soldier_n with_o some_o comfortable_a news_n though_o false_a whereby_o he_o procure_v both_o their_o safety_n and_o victory_n we_o be_v altogether_o to_o speak_v truth_n say_v democritus_n where_o it_o be_v advantageous_a yet_o as_o xenophon_n observe_v deceive_v we_o may_v even_o our_o very_a friend_n when_o it_o redound_v to_o their_o good_a the_o physician_n say_v maximus_n tyrius_n deceive_v his_o patient_n the_o general_n his_o soldier_n and_o the_o pilot_n his_o mariner_n yet_o neither_o of_o these_o can_v be_v say_v to_o injure_v they_o whereof_o proclus_n in_o plato_n give_v this_o reason_n because_o that_o which_o be_v good_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o that_o which_o be_v true_a plut._n quod_fw-la bonum_fw-la est_fw-la id_fw-la vero_fw-la est_fw-la melius_fw-la socr._n 4._o plut._n history_n be_v full_a of_o example_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o that_o in_o xenophon_n when_o to_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v give_v out_o that_o a_o army_n of_o their_o confederate_n be_v come_v to_o assist_v they_o and_o that_o of_o agesilaus_n in_o plutarch_n who_o when_o he_o come_v into_o boeotia_n and_o there_o understand_v that_o pysander_n be_v there_o overthrow_v in_o a_o naval_a battle_n by_o pharnabazus_n and_o conon_n cause_v the_o quite_o contrary_a to_o be_v publish_v to_o the_o army_n which_o to_o confirm_v he_o come_v crown_v into_o the_o temple_n cause_v solemn_a sacrifice_n to_o be_v offer_v to_o the_o god_n for_o the_o victory_n and_o that_o salubre_fw-la mendacium_fw-la as_o historian_n call_v it_o that_o wholesome_a lie_n of_o the_o consul_n quinctius_n who_o to_o encourage_v the_o right_a wing_n give_v it_o out_o that_o the_o left_a wing_n have_v rout_v their_o enemy_n thus_o be_v that_o of_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n to_o be_v understand_v who_o allow_v of_o a_o lie_n as_o the_o utmost_a refuge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o danger_n where_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o injury_n that_o be_v do_v unto_o the_o judgement_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v so_o much_o the_o less_o as_o it_o be_v momentany_a whereas_o the_o good_a that_o may_v ensue_v be_v great_a general_a and_o last_a for_o the_o victory_n be_v gain_v the_o truth_n immediate_o appear_v xv._o when_o he_o that_o speak_v use_v that_o sovereign_a power_n he_o have_v over_o his_o subject_n the_o four_o and_o that_o which_o come_v near_a unto_o the_o former_a be_v this_o so_o often_o as_o he_o who_o have_v a_o supereminent_a right_n over_o all_o the_o right_n of_o another_o make_v use_n of_o that_o right_n either_o for_o his_o own_o particular_a interest_n or_o the_o public_a good_a and_o hereunto_o have_v plato_n 3._o plato_n de_fw-fr rep_n 3._o respect_n when_o he_o indulge_v unto_o prince_n that_o liberty_n to_o speak_v untruth_n and_o yet_o the_o same_o plato_n when_o he_o seem_v sometime_o to_o grant_v and_o sometime_o to_o take_v away_o this_o licence_n to_o or_o from_o physician_n seem_v to_o put_v this_o only_a difference_n that_o in_o give_v it_o he_o intend_v it_o to_o such_o as_o be_v public_o authorize_v unto_o that_o call_n and_o in_o take_v it_o away_o he_o intend_v it_o from_o such_o as_o over_o arrogant_o assume_v it_o unto_o themselves_o and_o yet_o neither_o do_v plato_n himself_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o admit_v of_o lie_v in_o god_n notwithstanding_o that_o sovereign_a power_n that_o he_o have_v over_o man_n because_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o much_o weakness_n and_o insufficiency_n to_o have_v recourse_n to_o such_o shift_n which_o to_o attribute_v to_o god_n be_v blasphemy_n a_o example_n of_o this_o innocent_a and_o unblamable_a falsehood_n we_o have_v in_o joseph_n to_o his_o brethren_n for_o which_o ●hilo_fw-la so_o high_o commend_v he_o who_o as_o the_o king_n vicegerent_n do_v with_o a_o become_a severity_n charge_v his_o brethren_n contrary_a to_o his_o knowledge_n first_o for_o be_v spy_n and_o afterward_o for_o be_v thief_n another_z we_o have_v in_o solomon_n who_o to_o discover_v the_o true_a mother_n command_v the_o child_n to_o be_v divide_v when_o he_o intend_v nothing_o less_o so_o true_a be_v that_o of_o quintilian_n aliquando_fw-la exigit_fw-la communis_fw-la ●tilitas_fw-la ut_fw-la etiam_fw-la falsa_fw-la defendantur_fw-la it_o be_v sometime_o expedient_a for_o the_o common_a good_a that_o some_o falsehood_n shall_v be_v maintain_v xvi_o to_o preserve_v the_o life_n of_o a_o innocent_a person_n we_o may_v add_v a_o five_o namely_o when_o the_o life_n of_o a_o innocent_a person_n or_o some_o such_o like_a can_v otherwise_o be_v preserve_v or_o when_o the_o execution_n of_o some_o dishonest_a act_n can_v otherwise_o be_v prevent_v such_o be_v the_o fact_n of_o hypermnestra_n so_o much_o celebrate_v by_o horace_n as_o splendide_fw-la mendax_fw-la

power_n to_o grant_v away_o even_o what_o be_v her_o own_o now_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n may_v be_v so_o clear_a and_o so_o full_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o exception_n lege_fw-la legem_fw-la quae_fw-la te_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la obstrictum_fw-la tenet_fw-la read_v over_o your_o own_o law_n 3._o lib._n 5._o c._n 3._o say_v valerius_n maximus_n to_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n whereunto_o you_o stand_v bind_v by_o your_o oath_n and_o such_o law_n the_o roman_n hold_v as_o sacred_a because_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o keep_v they_o as_o cicero_n testify_v we_o find_v in_o livy_n a_o very_a pertinent_a discourse_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n 3._o orat._n pro_fw-la balbo_n lib._n 3._o though_o of_o itself_o more_o obscure_a where_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a expositor_n of_o the_o law_n he_o assert_n that_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n be_v sacrosanct_a that_o be_v so_o holy_a that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v injure_v without_o perjury_n but_o so_o be_v neither_o the_o aedile_n judges_z nor_o decemviri_fw-la and_o yet_o to_o injure_v either_o of_o these_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o law_n the_o ground_n of_o which_o difference_n be_v this_o because_o these_o latter_a be_v think_v sufficient_o defend_v by_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n alone_o but_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o last_o place_n enact_v by_o the_o people_n be_v most_o inviolable_a yet_o whilst_o the_o law_n remain_v in_o force_n no_o man_n can_v pretend_v to_o a_o right_a to_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n but_o that_o which_o defend_v the_o tribune_n beside_o the_o law_n be_v the_o public_a religion_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o they_o be_v all_o bind_v by_o a_o solemn_a oath_n not_o to_o offer_v violence_n unto_o they_o which_o they_o that_o take_v can_v not_o break_v without_o give_v a_o public_a scandal_n to_o their_o religion_n this_o light_n we_o receive_v from_o a_o place_n in_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_fw-la where_o it_o be_v thus_o record_v brutus_n call_v the_o assembly_n together_o propose_v it_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n may_v thenceforth_o be_v render_v inviolable_a not_o by_o the_o law_n only_o but_o by_o a_o public_a oath_n whereunto_o all_o the_o people_n give_v consent_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o this_o law_n be_v call_v sacred_a gracchi_n plut._n vit_fw-mi gracchi_n and_o therefore_o that_o fact_n of_o tiberius_n gracchas_n in_o depose_v octavius_n from_o the_o tribuneship_n allege_v that_o the_o tribunitial_a power_n have_v its_o sanctimony_n from_o the_o people_n but_o not_o to_o be_v exercise_v against_o they_o be_v much_o condemn_v by_o all_o honest_a man_n and_o therefore_o as_o i_o have_v say_v as_o well_o a_o city_n as_o a_o king_n may_v be_v bind_v up_o by_o oath_n in_o such_o agreement_n as_o they_o make_v with_o their_o own_o citizen_n or_o subject_n ix_o or_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v to_o a_o three_o person_n for_o the_o 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that_o though_o they_o be_v cause_v through_o a_o fear_n unjust_o bring_v yet_o can_v they_o not_o be_v null_v or_o make_v void_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v because_o as_o many_o other_o thing_n though_o in_o themselves_o not_o altogether_o just_a yet_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n repute_v so_o so_o fear_v though_o it_o be_v in_o either_o side_n unjust_o cause_v yet_o shall_v it_o in_o such_o a_o war_n by_o the_o same_o law_n be_v account_v just_a which_o unless_o grant_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o such_o solemn_a war_n which_o be_v indeed_o but_o too_o frequent_a can_v be_v neither_o moderate_v nor_o end_v both_o which_o be_v very_o expedient_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o this_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v be_v that_o right_n in_o war_n which_o cicero_n tell_v we_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v even_o with_o enemy_n 4._o de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 3._o ver._n 4._o to_o who_o also_o it_o be_v elsewhere_o say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o right_n which_o a_o enemy_n may_v retain_v though_o in_o war_n namely_o not_o such_o only_a as_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o some_o such_o also_o as_o be_v introduce_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n neither_o do_v it_o hence_o follow_v that_o he_o who_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n have_v extort_a any_o such_o thing_n may_v without_o the_o breach_n of_o piety_n or_o honesty_n retain_v what_o he_o have_v thereby_o get_v or_o compel_v another_o to_o perform_v such_o a_o promise_n swear_v or_o unsworn_a for_o internal_o and_o in_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o still_o remain_v unjust_a neither_o can_v this_o internal_a injustice_n of_o the_o act_n be_v otherwise_o remove_v than_o by_o the_o new_a and_o absolute_o free_a consent_n of_o the_o promiser_n again_o xii_o this_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o fear_n as_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereas_o that_o fear_n be_v say_v here_o to_o be_v just_a which_o be_v cause_v in_o a_o solemn_a war_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o fear_n as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v not_o disallow_v as_o for_o example_n a_o promise_n wrest_v from_o a_o ambassador_n that_o be_v take_v prisoner_n shall_v not_o yield_v the_o least_o advantage_n to_o he_o that_o extort_v it_o as_o mariana_n testify_v so_o in_o case_n any_o thing_n be_v extort_a through_o the_o fear_n of_o ravishment_n or_o through_o any_o other_o the_o like_a terror_n or_o affrightment_n contrary_a to_o our_o faith_n give_v this_o aught_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v no_o cognizance_n of_o any_o such_o fear_n again_o xiii_o that_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o the_o perfidious_a that_o faith_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o perfidious_a we_o have_v in_o a_o more_o general_a treatise_n already_o prove_v which_o also_o we_o may_v learn_v from_o st_n ambrose_n which_o without_o doubt_n reach_v even_o unto_o such_o enemy_n as_o be_v altogether_o faithless_a such_o as_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v unto_o the_o roman_n who_o notwithstanding_o keep_v their_o faith_n inviolable_o with_o they_o for_o 6._o lib._n 6._o c._n 6._o as_o valerius_n maximus_n well_o observe_v the_o roman_a senate_n regard_v not_o what_o the_o carthaginian_n deserve_v but_o what_o in_o honour_n become_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v the_o testimony_n that_o sallust_n give_v of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o war_n say_v he_o between_o rome_n and_o carthage_n though_o the_o carthaginian_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o during_o their_o truce_n commit_v many_o outrage_n yet_o will_v not_o the_o roman_n upon_o any_o provocation_n permit_v that_o the_o like_a shall_v be_v do_v

we_o in_o political_a consultation_n 419_o of_o rule_n or_o dominion_n the_o desire_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n to_o be_v rule_v no_o cause_n of_o war_n page_n 407_o s._n sabacon_n convert_v capital_a punishment_n into_o servile_a work_n page_n 372_o sabbath_n the_o symbol_n of_o the_o creation_n 387._o its_o law_n more_o indispensable_a than_o any_o other_o ibid._n its_o breach_n why_o punish_v by_o death_n ibid._n drive_v away_o by_o the_o danger_n of_o life_n 59_o make_v for_o the_o refreshment_n of_o servant_n page_n 521_o sacred_a thing_n in_o what_o sense_n public_a 465._o whether_o subject_n to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n ibid._n &_o 466._o render_v by_o their_o city_n cease_v to_o be_v sacred_a ibid._n make_v profane_a by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n ibid._n in_o war_n to_o be_v spare_v page_n 515_o sacrilege_n in_o war_n not_o punishable_a page_n 465_o it_o be_v sacrilege_n to_o violate_v temple_n and_o altar_n page_n 515_o sacreligious_a person_n to_o be_v cast_v out_o unburied_a page_n 219_o safety_n of_o the_o conqueror_n how_o provide_v for_o page_n 525_o 526_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a consist_v in_o the_o preservation_n of_o its_o part_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a page_n 57_o safe-conduct_a to_o such_o a_o place_n how_o understand_v 568._o how_o far_o it_o extend_v to_o person_n good_n or_o attendant_n 544._o what_o it_o imply_v page_n 560_o the_o saguntines_n case_n discuss_v page_n 193_o sampsons_n death_n page_n 219_o sanedrin_n call_v god_n page_n 47_o satisfaction_n to_o be_v demand_v before_o war_n be_v denounce_v 367._o to_o be_v tender_v by_o he_o that_o have_v offend_v 77._o if_o refuse_v justify_v a_o war_n ibid._n saul_n whether_o he_o die_v impenitent_a page_n 219_o scarcity_n of_o money_n and_o provision_n shorten_v a_o war_n page_n 511_o schoolman_n their_o singular_a modesty_n pref._n nineteeen_o their_o opinion_n concern_v lie_v and_o equivocation_n 444._o the_o generality_n follow_v st._n augustine_n ibid._n scripture_n what_o they_o bare_o recite_v and_o reprove_v not_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o condemn_v 449._o to_o understand_v two_o main_a help_n page_n 25_o sea_n take_v either_o universal_o or_o in_o its_o part_n whether_o occupyable_a 80._o it_o can_v be_v possess_v because_o not_o bound_v ibid._n may_v be_v hold_v in_o propriety_n and_o how_o 89._o near_o the_o shore_n occupyable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 90._o fill_v up_o and_o let_v in_o to_o the_o land_n by_o the_o roman_n 90_o 91._o serve_v for_o three_o use_n water_n fish_v and_o navigation_n page_n 80_o the_o sea_n empire_n over_o it_o part_n how_o lose_v page_n 92_o 93_o sect_n all_o hold_v somewhat_o that_o be_v true_a none_o infallible_a pref._n xuj_o self-murder_n not_o valour_n but_o madness_n page_n 218_o 219_o the_o sentence_n do_v not_o proper_o give_v a_o right_n 448_o 449._o sometime_o divide_v sometime_o conjoin_v page_n 113_o sepultus_fw-la and_o humatus_fw-la the_o difference_n page_n 214_o sepulcher_n subject_a to_o the_o conqueror_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 467_o sergius_n paulus_n a_o magistrate_n after_o his_o conversion_n page_n 20_o servus_n quasi_fw-la servatus_fw-la page_n 482_o servant_n may_v do_v what_o be_v unjust_a and_o yet_o be_v just_a 429._o not_o punishable_a for_o what_o they_o do_v be_v command_v ibid._n not_o judge_n of_o their_o master_n command_n but_o executioner_n ibid._n not_o examine_v by_o the_o roman_n without_o torture_n 28._o prohibit_v by_o the_o canon_n to_o forsake_v their_o master_n how_o understand_v 116_o 117_o 483._o whether_o they_o may_v resist_v their_o master_n ibid._n or_o take_v reward_n for_o their_o labour_n ibid._n if_o good_a to_o be_v use_v as_o brethren_n page_v 520_o servitude_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n 117._o its_o degree_n ibid._n not_o repugnant_a to_o nature_n 115_o 116._o perfect_a and_o imperfect_a page_n 115_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n towards_o the_o conquer_a page_n 503_o see_v slave_n severity_n then_o seasonable_a when_o delinquent_n be_v few_o page_n 37_o severity_n extreme_a too_o near_o a_o neighbour_n to_o cruelty_n 456._o of_o lord_n justify_v the_o servant_n flight_n page_n 116_o sex_n prefer_v in_o succession_n to_o kingdom_n before_o age_n page_n 128_o sign_n testify_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_v page_n 98_o signification_n though_o improper_a sometime_o admit_v page_n 193_o ship_n when_o say_v to_o be_v take_v 470._o of_o war_n with_o the_o tackle_n and_o ordnance_n take_v the_o king_n 480._o if_o they_o hurt_v any_o whether_o the_o master_n stand_v oblige_v 204._o where_o be_v many_o innocent_n whether_o to_o be_v batter_v with_o ordnance_n page_n 434_o shore_n how_o common_a and_o how_o hold_v in_o propriety_n 90._o forsake_v by_o the_o river_n who_o 138._o be_v the_o occupant_n shed_v for_o shelter_n may_v be_v build_v thereon_o page_n 85._o silence_n when_o take_v for_o consent_n 98_o 99_o if_o not_o free_a work_v nothing_o ibid._n simulation_n in_o war_n laudable_a to_o deceive_v a_o enemy_n page_n 137_o 138_o 139_o simplicity_n of_o our_o first_o parent_n wherein_o page_z 79_o single_a combat_n from_o whence_o 368._o in_o what_o case_n lawful_a page_n 76_o sin_n reacted_n aggravate_v the_o punishment_n 379_o the_o most_o customary_a the_o more_o severe_a 382._o differ_v with_o man_n age_n and_o complexion_n 380._o of_o humane_a infirmity_n not_o punishable_a by_o humane_a law_n 374._o some_o unavoidable_a to_o some_o complexion_n 375._o visit_v upon_o parent_n and_o their_o child_n what_o 402._o against_o the_o second_o table_n their_o degree_n page_n 379_o to_o sin_n he_o that_o urge_v another_o sin_n himself_o page_n 445_o 446_o sister_n two_o to_o marry_v ancient_o lawful_a page_n 111_o a_o slave_n what_o 115_o 116._o not_o to_o resist_v his_o lord_n 483._o too_o severe_o use_v may_v fly_v 116_o 117._o take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n and_o make_v a_o escape_n whether_o he_o may_v carry_v any_o thing_n with_o he_o 483._o what_o ere_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o be_v unpunishable_a ibid._n have_v nothing_o of_o his_o own_o page_n 483_o 484_o of_o slave_n a_o multitude_n can_v constitute_v a_o city_n 486._o some_o permit_v to_o make_v their_o will_n 523._o in_o case_n of_o famine_n or_o cruelty_n they_o may_v appeal_v to_o the_o magistrate_n ibid._n a_o slave_n may_v merit_v from_o his_o lord_n and_o raise_v himself_o a_o stock_n 522._o not_o to_o be_v kill_v nor_o too_o rigorous_o punish_v nor_o oppress_v with_o over_o hard_a labour_n 520_o 521_o 522._o after_o very_o hard_a service_n reward_v with_o freedom_n and_o not_o to_o go_v away_o empty_a hand_a 523._o to_o be_v use_v as_o a_o hireling_n 521._o the_o hebrew_n and_o roman_n very_o merciful_a to_o they_o page_n 520_o where_o slavery_n be_v not_o in_o use_n exchange_n of_o prisoner_n and_o ransom_n succeed_v page_n 523_o society_n the_o foundation_n of_o law_n pref._n four_o v._n and_o reason_n man_n best_a weapon_n ibid._n a_o society_n and_o a_o city_n how_o they_o differ_v page_n 50_o civil_a society_n a_o human_a institution_n page_n 59_o society_n not_o to_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o hebrew_n with_o who_o page_n 184_o society_n of_o insurance_n against_o danger_n page_n 164_o society_n where_o work_n be_v set_v against_o money_n ibid._n in_o society_n the_o major_a part_n oblige_v the_o whole_a 113._o what_o right_o they_o have_v over_o their_o member_n page_n 114_o society_n with_o profane_a what_o and_o how_o far_o dangerous_a and_o how_o they_o may_v be_v avoid_v page_n 186_o where_o divers_a society_n have_v unequal_a share_n how_o the_o vote_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v page_n 114_o society_n hold_v not_o where_o any_o one_o part_n have_v no_o hope_n of_o gain_n page_n 163_o 164_o society_n naval_a page_n 164_o social_n war_n its_o division_n page_n 183_o see_v associate_n sojourner_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n may_v in_o war_n be_v make_v captive_n page_v 472_o to_o solicit_v subject_n to_o betray_v their_o own_o prince_n unlawful_a page_n 445_o soil_v lie_v waste_n may_v be_v give_v to_o stranger_n page_n 85_o sold_n twice_o who_o they_o be_v page_n 161_o solemn_a war_n can_v be_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n 252._o it_o have_v its_o peculiar_a right_n page_n 456_o 480_o a_o son_n when_o he_o may_v accuse_v his_o own_o father_n of_o treason_n page_n 209_o the_o son_n bear_v before_o the_o father_n be_v king_n prefer_v before_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v after_o page_n 131_o son_n adopt_a whether_o capable_a of_o succession_n page_n 127_o 128_o sovereignty_n not_o lose_v by_o a_o promise_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o of_o natural_a or_o divine_a right_n 45._o nor_o by_o misgovernment_n lose_v page_n 73_o soldier_n to_o choose_v their_o general_n dangerous_a 143_o 144._o straggle_v from_o the_o army_n and_o plunder_v may_v be_v kill_v 374._o of_o fortune_n fight_v for_o plunder_n and_o pay_n 426._o life_n most_o miserable_a

have_v promise_v but_o to_o clear_v this_o yet_o better_a we_o must_v careful_o distinguish_v between_o the_o three_o degree_n of_o speak_v concern_v thing_n to_o come_v which_o either_o be_v or_o at_o least_o be_v repute_v to_o be_v hereafter_o in_o our_o own_o power_n ii_o 1._o that_o a_o bare_a assertion_n oblige_v not_o the_o first_o consist_v in_o a_o bare_a assertion_n of_o what_o we_o purpose_v for_o the_o future_a thing_n thus_o stand_v and_o in_o the_o same_o mind_n we_o now_o be_v and_o hereunto_o it_o be_v require_v that_o we_o speak_v sincere_o and_o without_o guile_n what_o at_o that_o present_a time_n we_o think_v but_o not_o with_o any_o resolution_n to_o continue_v in_o that_o thought_n if_o the_o face_n of_o thing_n change_v or_o if_o other_o chance_n happen_v which_o though_o we_o then_o foresee_v not_o yet_o may_v otherwise_o incline_v we_o for_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n have_v not_o only_o a_o natural_a power_n 12._o see_v q._n elizabeth_n deal_n with_o the_o hollander_n b._n 2._o c._n 14._o §._o 12._o but_o a_o right_n and_o freedom_n to_o alter_v its_o counsel_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o weakness_n or_o error_n in_o the_o change_n as_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o be_v not_o intrinsic_a to_o the_o change_n but_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o that_o we_o change_v from_o the_o better_a to_o the_o worse_o iii_o 2._o a_o promise_n though_o natural_o oblige_v yet_o transfer_v no_o right_a to_o another_o the_o second_o degree_n be_v when_o the_o will_n confine_v itself_o for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v give_v some_o sign_n whereby_o the_o necessity_n of_o its_o perseverance_n be_v sufficient_o declare_v and_o this_o may_v be_v call_v a_o pollicitation_n or_o a_o promise_n which_o set_v aside_o the_o civil_a law_n oblige_v either_o absolute_o or_o under_o some_o condition_n yet_o give_v no_o peculiar_a right_n to_o another_o for_o in_o many_o case_n it_o happen_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o obligation_n within_o ourselves_o when_o there_o be_v no_o right_o give_v to_o another_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o those_o debt_n of_o mercy_n and_o gratitude_n whereunto_o we_o may_v refer_v those_o of_o constancy_n and_o fidelity_n and_o therefore_o no_o man_n can_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n require_v the_o thing_n promise_v from_o the_o right_a owner_n by_o virtue_n of_o such_o a_o pollicitation_n nor_o can_v the_o promiser_n be_v compel_v by_o that_o law_n to_o perform_v what_o he_o have_v so_o promise_v iv_o 3._o what_o that_o promise_n be_v that_o give_v a_o right_a to_o another_o three_o when_o the_o will_n to_o the_o confinement_n add_v some_o outward_a sign_n whereby_o its_o consent_n to_o transfer_v its_o own_o proper_a right_n to_o another_o be_v sufficient_o declare_v which_o be_v a_o complete_a promise_n as_o have_v the_o like_a effect_n to_o the_o alienation_n of_o a_o man_n property_n for_o it_o be_v the_o way_n to_o alienate_v a_o thing_n or_o at_o least_o the_o alienation_n of_o some_o part_n of_o our_o liberty_n or_o freedom_n unto_o the_o former_a belong_v our_o promise_n to_o give_v unto_o the_o latter_a our_o promise_n to_o do_v something_o and_o hereof_o the_o scripture_n do_v give_v we_o a_o notable_a example_n where_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o god_n himself_o who_o can_v be_v bind_v by_o any_o law_n yet_o profess_v it_o to_o be_v contrary_a to_o his_o own_o nature_n not_o to_o perform_v what_o he_o promise_v 6.1_o neh._n 9.8_o 1_o cor._n 1.19.10.13_o prov._n 6.1_o heb._n 6.17_o 18._o from_o whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o to_o perform_v our_o promise_n be_v a_o duty_n spring_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o immutable_a justice_n which_o as_o it_o be_v in_o god_n so_o be_v it_o in_o some_o measure_n common_a to_o all_o such_o as_o have_v the_o use_n of_o right_a reason_n let_v we_o hear_v the_o opinion_n of_o solomon_n in_o this_o case_n my_o son_n if_o thou_o have_v be_v surety_n for_o thy_o friend_n thou_o have_v give_v thy_o faith_n to_o a_o stranger_n or_o as_o the_o septuagint_n translate_v it_o to_o thy_o enemy_n thou_o be_v ensnare_v by_o the_o word_n of_o thy_o mouth_n thou_o be_v take_v and_o bind_v by_o thy_o own_o speech_n whereunto_o may_v be_v add_v that_o of_o thales_n the_o philosopher_n est_fw-la stipulatus_fw-la &_o sponsio_fw-la be_v such_o promise_v as_o be_v make_v with_o solemnity_n numb_a 30.4_o 5_o 6._o vox_fw-la mea_fw-la facta_fw-la tua_fw-la est_fw-la sponde_v noxa_fw-la presto_fw-it est_fw-la engage_v free_o and_o thou_o be_v not_o far_o from_o harm_n and_o that_o also_o of_o chilo_n sponsioni_fw-la non_fw-la deest_fw-la jactura_fw-la engagement_n be_v seldom_o make_v to_o loss_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o jew_n term_v a_o promise_n vinculum_fw-la a_o bond_n which_o also_o in_o the_o scripture_n be_v compare_v to_o a_o vow_n as_o if_o by_o vow_n and_o promise_v we_o do_v contract_v as_o it_o be_v with_o god_n himself_o from_o the_o same_o root_n arise_v the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o likewise_o signify_v a_o promise_n namely_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v to_o have_v or_o to_o hold_v because_o he_o to_o who_o any_o thing_n be_v promise_v do_v hold_v fast_o and_o as_o it_o be_v bound_v the_o promiser_n these_o thing_n promise_v connanus_n his_o argument_n be_v easy_o answer_v for_o what_o the_o lawyer_n say_v de_fw-fr nudo_fw-la pacto_fw-la non_fw-la oritur_fw-la actio_fw-la a_o bare_a promise_n will_v bear_v no_o action_n have_v respect_n only_o to_o what_o be_v introduce_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n which_o make_v stipulation_n to_o be_v a_o infallible_a sign_n of_o a_o deliberate_a mind_n paulus_n the_o lawyer_n speak_v very_o wary_o of_o such_o promise_n 14._o sent._n lib._n 2._o tit_n 14._o if_o say_v he_o we_o make_v a_o bare_a promise_n to_o pay_v use_n it_o avail_v nothing_o for_o among_o roman_a citizen_n no_o action_n arise_v from_o a_o bare_a promise_n the_o like_a law_n we_o grant_v to_o be_v in_o force_n among_o other_o nation_n quae_fw-la lex_fw-la ad_fw-la id_fw-la praestandum_fw-la nos_fw-la quod_fw-la alicui_fw-la promisimus_fw-la 19_o de_fw-fr promisso_fw-la non_fw-la sponso_fw-la jam_fw-la non_fw-la promittunt_fw-la de_fw-fr te_fw-la sed_fw-la spondent_fw-la seneca_n ep._n 19_o obligat_fw-la what_o law_n say_v seneca_n bind_v we_o to_o perform_v all_o our_o promise_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o humane_a law_n and_o of_o rash_a and_o inconsiderate_a promise_n but_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o there_o may_v be_v other_o sign_n of_o a_o mind_n perfect_o resolve_v beside_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n introduce_v by_o stipulation_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o other_o such_o like_a which_o the_o civil_a law_n require_v to_o beget_v a_o action_n but_o as_o to_o that_o promise_n which_o be_v make_v rash_o and_o without_o due_a consideration_n neither_o do_v we_o admit_v it_o to_o have_v any_o oblige_a power_n as_o theophrastus_n have_v well_o observe_v yea_o and_o as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v deliberate_o do_v but_o not_o with_o a_o purpose_n thereby_o to_o transfer_v our_o own_o proper_a right_n to_o another_o not_o rash_n promise_n bound_v not_o we_o deny_v that_o from_o thence_o there_o arise_v natural_o a_o right_a to_o any_o man_n to_o exact_v the_o performance_n of_o it_o although_o we_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o from_o such_o a_o promise_n there_o may_v arise_v a_o obligation_n not_o in_o honesty_n alone_o but_o in_o a_o moral_a necessity_n to_o do_v it_o and_o as_o to_o that_o of_o cicero_n we_o shall_v treat_v hereafter_o when_o we_o shall_v discourse_v of_o the_o manner_n how_o contract_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v but_o now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o condition_n be_v require_v to_o make_v a_o promise_n valid_a v._o to_o make_v a_o promise_n complete_a the_o use_n of_o reason_n be_v require_v in_o the_o promiser_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o he_o that_o promise_v shall_v be_v endue_v with_o reason_n which_o render_v the_o promise_n of_o madman_n idiot_n and_o infant_n void_a and_o of_o no_o force_n but_o the_o case_n of_o minor_n be_v somewhat_o different_a for_o although_o they_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v but_o of_o weak_a judgement_n as_o woman_n also_o be_v yet_o neither_o be_v this_o weakness_n of_o judgement_n last_v nor_o be_v it_o of_o itself_o sufficient_a to_o invalid_a their_o act_n at_o what_o year_n a_o young_a man_n or_o woman_n arrive_v at_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n can_v certain_o be_v determine_v but_o must_v be_v guess_v at_o either_o by_o their_o daily_a action_n or_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o every_o nation_n among_o the_o jew_n a_o young_a man_n after_o thirteen_o year_n of_o age_n may_v oblige_v himself_o by_o any_o solemn_a promise_v he_o shall_v make_v and_o a_o young_a woman_n after_o twelve_o but_o the_o civil_a law_n upon_o better_a reason_n think_v good_a to_o make_v void_a many_o

of_o their_o promise_n not_o only_o among_o the_o roman_n but_o among_o the_o grecian_n and_o against_o some_o they_o introduce_v the_o benefit_n of_o restitution_n but_o these_o be_v the_o peculiar_a effect_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o do_v no_o whit_n appertain_v to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o nation_n except_o only_o in_o this_o that_o where_o they_o be_v receive_v it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v observe_v insomuch_o that_o if_o a_o foreigner_n shall_v contract_v with_o a_o citizen_n he_o shall_v be_v bind_v up_o by_o the_o law_n of_o that_o city_n as_o if_o he_o be_v for_o that_o time_n a_o subject_a of_o that_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o case_n such_o a_o contract_n be_v make_v either_o on_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o some_o desert_a island_n or_o by_o letter_n between_o two_o person_n inhabit_v diverse_a nation_n for_o then_o such_o agreement_n shall_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o as_o be_v the_o agreement_n make_v between_o such_o as_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o supreme_a power_n as_o they_o be_v such_o for_o in_o these_o what_o they_o do_v private_o may_v by_o their_o law_n be_v make_v void_a when_o it_o be_v do_v in_o favour_n to_o those_o power_n but_o not_o when_o do_v to_o their_o punishment_n vi_o a_o promise_v make_v through_o error_n how_o far_o natural_o it_o oblige_v concern_v a_o promise_n make_v by_o a_o error_n or_o mistake_n in_o the_o person_n promise_v the_o question_n be_v yet_o more_o difficult_a for_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o that_o error_n which_o be_v about_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v and_o that_o which_o concern_v not_o the_o substance_n and_o then_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v whether_o the_o fraud_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o promise_n or_o not_o again_o whether_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v be_v guilty_a of_o the_o fraud_n or_o not_o and_o last_o whether_o the_o act_n be_v strict_o due_a or_o bind_v only_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n do_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o these_o case_n declare_v some_o act_n to_o be_v void_a and_o other_o valid_a but_o so_o that_o according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n that_o be_v injure_v the_o promise_n may_v be_v either_o revoke_v or_o reform_v but_o most_o of_o these_o distinction_n proceed_v from_o the_o roman_a law_n as_o well_o from_o the_o old_a civil_a law_n as_o from_o the_o praetorian_a and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v either_o not_o altogether_o true_a or_o not_o well_o digest_v but_o yet_o it_o suffice_v to_o chalk_v out_o a_o way_n for_o we_o to_o find_v out_o the_o natural_a truth_n for_o as_o concern_v the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o law_n this_o have_v ever_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o almost_o all_o nation_n that_o when_o a_o law_n be_v enact_v upon_o the_o presumption_n of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o be_v not_o real_o so_o do_v as_o be_v suggest_v and_o believe_v that_o law_n be_v not_o oblige_v because_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n fail_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o law_n fail_v with_o it_o but_o when_o a_o law_n be_v ground_v upon_o such_o a_o presumption_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o that_o law_n from_o the_o word_n and_o from_o other_o circumstance_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v in_o this_o case_n if_o a_o promise_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o belief_n of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o indeed_o never_o be_v do_v that_o promise_v natural_o be_v of_o no_o force_n because_o the_o promiser_n do_v not_o give_v his_o consent_n absolute_o to_o the_o thing_n promise_v but_o upon_o such_o a_o condition_n if_o not_o express_v yet_o presume_v as_o real_o be_v not_o as_o in_o that_o case_n mention_v by_o cicero_n of_o he_o who_o false_o believe_v his_o own_o son_n to_o be_v dead_a appoint_v a_o stranger_n to_o be_v his_o heir_n and_o yet_o in_o case_n the_o promiser_n be_v neglective_a either_o in_o his_o diligence_n to_o examine_v and_o search_v out_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o son_n death_n or_o in_o his_o care_n of_o express_v his_o own_o sense_n and_o do_v thereby_o occasion_n any_o damage_n to_o the_o person_n to_o who_o he_o make_v that_o promise_n he_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v it_o not_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o promise_n make_v but_o for_o the_o damage_n which_o through_o his_o neglect_n be_v sustain_v by_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o anon_o but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o error_n or_o mistake_n in_o the_o person_n promise_v and_o yet_o that_o error_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o promise_v make_v the_o act_n shall_v be_v valid_a because_o there_o be_v nothing_o want_v of_o a_o true_a consent_n but_o if_o in_o this_o case_n also_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v do_v by_o any_o fraud_n of_o he_o direct_o or_o indirect_o occasion_n that_o error_n what_o damage_n soever_o shall_v accrue_v to_o the_o promiser_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o error_n shall_v be_v by_o he_o repair_v but_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v but_o in_o part_n occasion_v by_o a_o error_n then_o as_o to_o the_o other_o part_n the_o promise_n shall_v stand_v good_a vii_o a_o promise_v make_v through_o fear_n oblige_v concern_v those_o promise_n that_o be_v make_v through_o fear_n question_n do_v arise_v no_o less_o perpiext_n for_o herein_o they_o do_v usual_o distinguish_v of_o fear_n which_o be_v either_o great_a and_o vehement_a or_o light_n and_o slender_a if_o great_a than_o they_o consider_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o absolute_o or_o in_o respect_n only_o of_o the_o person_n fear_v then_o whether_o it_o be_v occasion_v just_o or_o unjust_o and_o whether_o by_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v or_o by_o some_o other_o as_o also_o they_o distinguish_v of_o the_o act_n whether_o free_a and_o generous_a or_o grievous_a and_o burdensome_a and_o according_a to_o this_o diversity_n be_v some_o act_n say_v to_o be_v void_a other_o revocable_a at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o promiser_n and_o other_o to_o be_v whole_o renew_v concern_v every_o one_o of_o these_o case_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o opinion_n but_o i_o do_v whole_o incline_v to_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o set_v aside_o that_o authority_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o sometime_o take_v away_o and_o sometime_o moderate_v the_o bind_a power_n of_o such_o promise_n he_o that_o promise_v any_o thing_n through_o fear_n be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v what_o he_o have_v so_o promise_v because_o the_o consent_n he_o give_v be_v not_o conditional_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o error_n but_o absolute_a for_o as_o aristotle_n well_o observe_v he_o that_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v shipwrack_v throw_v his_o good_n overboard_o 3._o eth._n nic._n 3._o will_v willing_o preserve_v they_o on_o condition_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v wreck_v but_o upon_o a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o the_o present_a danger_n he_o be_v in_o he_o absolute_o resolve_v that_o his_o good_n rather_o than_o himself_o shall_v perish_v but_o yet_o we_o must_v also_o crave_v this_o allowance_n that_o if_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v do_v occasion_n not_o a_o just_a but_o a_o unjust_a fear_n though_o but_o slight_a and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o promise_n be_v so_o make_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o discharge_v the_o promiser_n if_o he_o desire_v it_o not_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v in_o itself_o void_a but_o for_o the_o damage_n that_o he_o sustain_v who_o make_v it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o injury_n do_v he_o 1._o see_v chap._n 17.6.19_o and_o p._n 3._o ch_n 19_o §._o 1._o but_o what_o exception_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n admit_v herein_o shall_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n be_v hereafter_o explain_v but_o that_o some_o act_n be_v rescind_v which_o be_v make_v through_o fear_n be_v occasion_v not_o by_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v but_o by_o another_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o do_v often_o either_o null_a or_o revoke_v act_n though_o free_o do_v if_o they_o that_o do_v they_o be_v of_o weak_a judgement_n seneca_n argue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o whatsoever_o either_o force_n or_o fear_n or_o necessity_n make_v we_o to_o grant_v 26._o lib._n 4._o cont_n 26._o may_v be_v revoke_v if_o that_o force_n or_o necessity_n be_v impose_v on_o we_o by_o he_o to_o who_o the_o grant_n be_v make_v but_o what_o say_v he_o be_v that_o to_o i_o what_o thou_o be_v compel_v or_o necessitate_v to_o do_v if_o not_o by_o i_o meam_fw-la culpam_fw-la oportet_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la mea_fw-la poena_fw-la sit_fw-la it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o fault_n shall_v be_v my_o own_o