he might be in a capacity to bestow his Spirit upon them and to conquer all their enemies for them 2. He must be Man as well as God that he might perform obedience suffer satisfie and intercede for us in our nature that he might be a merciful High-Priest and have a fellow-feeling of our infirmities 3. Both God and Man in one person that he might be a fit Mediator betwixt God and man to make up the difference betwixt them which sin had made For as sin is the only make-bate so Christ having taken our nature into union with the Godhead is the only person that is in a capacity to make peace betwixt an offended God and offending man and that he might perform in the great work of Redemption whatever was requirable of both natures jointly in one person or whatever he was to do as head of the Church A. 22. Christ the Son of God became man by taking to himself a true body and a reasonable soul being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost in the womb of the Virgin Mary and born of her yet without sin Artic. xv Christ in the truth of our nature was made like unto us in all things sin only except from which he was clear void both in his flesh and in his spirit Artic II. The Son which is the Word of the Father begotten from everlasting of the Father the very and eternal God of one substance with the Father took mans nature in the womb of the Virgin Mary of her substance So that two whole and perfect natures that is to say the Godhead and Manhood were joined together in one person never to be divided whereof is one Christ very God and very man who truly suffered was crucified dead and buried to reconcile his Father to us and to be a Sacrifice not only for original guilt but also for actual sins of men Homil. xij As truly as God liveth so truly was Jesus Christ the true Messias and Saviour of the world even the same Jesus which was born of the Virgin Mary without all help of man only by the power and operation of the Holy Ghost Expl. 22. When it is here said that Christ the Son of God became man we are not to imagine that Christ did then lay down his Godhead or that he did cease to be God when he honoured mans nature so far as to take that upon him for though he then began to be what he was not before man yet he did not cease to be at his Incarnation what he was before namely God it being impossible altogether that the Godhead should admit of any change because of its infinite perfection for every change is either for the better or for the worse but the Godhead was infinitely as well as independently perfect and consequently without all variableness or shadow of changing so that all the change which was in Christ at his Incarnation it was in his humane nature only and that change was indeed for the better for it was for the highest advancement honour and perfection that our nature was capable of But Christ though the Son of God and therefore truly God became man 1. Not by being like unto man only in outward appearance and to the outward senses as a Phantasm an Apparition or a Ghost that doth appear in mans shape as those Hereticks of old call'd the Marcionites did fancy No he became man 2. By taking the real body of man or by taking flesh blood bones nerves sinews hands feet and all other integral parts of the very same kind with those of mans body His body was such that it did grow in stature from that of a child to that of a man and was subject to the touch or feeling 3. By taking a reasonable soul or a soul furnished with the very same powers and faculties that ours have for the kind as understanding will affections memory c. and was capable of the improvement of these as of growing in wisdom and knowledg according to his humane nature 4. By being conceived of the Holy Ghost i. e. in a manner supernatural or above nature and not in an ordinary way of natural generation but by the immediate and omnipotent operation of the Spirit the third person in the Trinity who did in a way altogether unexpressible by man and without the help of man frame the body of the holy Child Jesus in the Virgin Maries womb wherein this blessed Babe continued the space of Nine Months as other children do in their mothers womb and then was born into the world in fulness of time as they are but yet without sin as they are not A. 23. Christ as our Redeemer executeth the offices of a Prophet of a Priest and of a King both in his estate of Humiliation and Exaltation Expl. 23. By this word Redeemer we are to understand the same with Mediator and by both the second Person in the Trinity as he was upon Covenant and Contract made with the Father to mediate peace betwixt God and man and to manage the whole work of Redemption in order to the justification sanctification and salvation of the Elect and that not only whilst he was here upon earth to be our King Priest and Prophet but now that he is in heaven he ever lives to make intercession for us and doth still guide and teach and govern his Church by his Word and Spirit A. 24. Christ executeth the office of a Prophet in revealing to us by his Word and Spirit the Will of God for our Salvation Hom. xvij By this our heavenly Mediator do we know the favour and mercy of God the Father by him know we his will and pleasure towards us for he is the brightness of his Fathers glory and a very clear image and pattern of his substance It is he whom the Father in heaven delighteth to have for his beloved Son authorized to be our Teacher whom he charged us to hear saying Hear him Expl. 24. When Christ is here called a Prophet we are not to restrain this part of his Office only to his foretelling all such things as should befall his Church or the enemies thereof though this he has done in Prophetical Scriptures so far as he thought necessary for the good of his Church But he is principally called a Prophet and that Prophet because of that power commission and ability which he has and doth exercise in revealing and declaring both outwardly by his Word and inwardly by his Spirit the whole mind and will of God which was necessary to be known by man in order to salvation And for this reason he is called in Scripture the Word and the Word was made flesh and his name is the Word of God because that as a man does make known what his mind and will is by his words either written or spoken so God the Father doth make known unto man by Christ what
Building by this Rule he must square all his thoughts words and actions by this Line and Level and thereby he may come to know what is right and what is wrong what is sin and what is duty what is true and what is false and so accordingly may cease to do evil and learn to do well believe that which is true and reject that which is false nor is the Old Testament alone this Rule nor the new Testament alone but both together and both together they are the only Rule of Christianity neither is there any other ordinary sufficient Rule to direct a Christian either how he may serve God acceptably or enjoy God eternally but this written Word 1. The Pagans Rule or Light of Nature or what may be known of God by the things which are made is not sufficient to this end because it cannot discover Christ to us which is the only means of salvation 2. The Papists Rule of Tradition is no good Rule because fallible and contradictory in many things to the Rule of Scripture And 3. for the very same reason the Quakers Rule is no good Rule I mean their Light within because opposite to the light of the Word without and therefore it remaineth that the written Word is the only Rule A. 3. The Scriptures principally teach what man is to believe concerning God and what duty God requireth of man Artic. vi Holy Scripture contains all things necessary to salvation so that whatever is not read therein or prov'd thereby is not to be required of any man that it should be believed as an Article of Faith or be thought necessary or requisite to salvation Homil. 1. In holy Scripture is fully contained what we ought to do and what to eschew what to believe what to love and what to look for at Gods hand at length Expl. 3. There are two things principally which man is to believe concerning God and they are the two main foundations of the Christian Religion in the practice of it 1. That God is or that there is such a being who is in and of himself absolutely perfect and who gives Being to all his Creatures 2. That he is a rewarder of those that diligently seek him namely in and through Christ Heb. 11.6 or that it is not in vain to love serve and obey this God And there is but one thing in the general which God requires of man namely a free and full compliance with his will whether in the doing or suffering part of Religion A. 4. God is a Spirit Infinite Eternal and unchangeable in his Being Wisdom Power Holiness Justice Goodness and Truth Homil. xvij It passeth far the dark understanding and wisdom of a mortal man to speak sufficiently of that Divine Majesty which the Angels cannot understand Considering the unsearchable nature of Almighty God to reverence and dread his Majesty excellent Power incomparable Wisdom inestimable Goodness to take him for God Omnipotent Invisible Expl. 4. A Spirit i. e. A Being which has not flesh and bones as we have Luk. 24.39 has not hands or feet or any bodily parts no nor any bodily properties neither as length breadth heigth depth thickness shape or colour such a Being as is not cannot be as God the object of any of the Five Senses for no man has seen God at any time c. but is invisible and absolutely perfect because he does not depend upon any thing else either for what he is or for what he does Infinite i. e. without any limits or bounds to his perfection an unconfined Essence absolutely free from all measure or determination of time place or degrees Eternal i. e. without beginning or end of days or succession of duration always the same before and after time ever present infinitely above all circumscription of motion according to former and latter Vnchangeable i. e. he can never cease to be what he is the true God nor can he alter at all so as to be more or less God than he is nor more or less perfect for saith he I am God I change not In his Being for when the Son of God who is very God became man he did not cease to be God In his Power for this being infinite it is not capable of an alteration either by adding to it or taking from it And the same may be said concerning his Wisdom for the very same reason for how can he be more or less wise than he is who is infinite in Wisdom and Knowledg In his Holiness i. e. he cannot be more or less holy than he is or be more or less inclin'd or obliged to act suitably to the perfection of his own nature than he is already In Iustice Goodness and Truth i. e. he cannot be more just good and true than he is nor less just good and true than he is because he is Justice Goodness and Truth it self and is all these and has all these in infinite and absolute perfection and therefore he is unchangeable in these A. 5. There is but one only the living and true God Artic. I. There is but one living and true God everlasting without Body Parts or Passions of infinite Power Wisdom and Goodness the Maker and Preserver of all things both visible and invisible Expl. 5. i. e. There is but one only absolutely supreme and perfect Being who is the Maker and Governour of all things for as for Magistrates though they be called gods I have said ye are gods Psal. 82.6 yet they are so only by way of representation only because they do represent God in his Authority and Government And for Idols though they be called gods as there be of this sort gods many yet these gods of the Heathen they are false gods and upon that account are every-where disparaged in Scripture And though the Devil himself be called the god of this world yet 't is only because he is Gods Ape ruling and working in the children of disobedience Eph. 2.2 but by Gods permission as God does in his own children So that it still holds good that to us there is but one God of whom and by whom are all things 1 Cor. 8.6 A. 6. There are three persons in the Godhead the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost and these three are one God the same in substance equal in power and glory Artic. I. And in unity of this Godhead there be three persons of one substance power and eternity the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost Expl. 6. In this A. there are three things to be explained as 1. The meaning or nature of a Divine person 2. How they are said to be three persons 3. How distinguisht from each other For the understanding of the first we are to know that by a person in the general we mean a substantial compleat Being whether visible or invisible having
to us and not to him but only as he was our Surety and all this that we might receive the adoption of Sons who deserved not to be called Servants That he who was Heir of all things and made this great house the World should be so unfurnisht with houshold goods as to have no better Cradle than a Manger 3. In his life he humbled himself to the infirmities of our nature as hunger cold nakedness poverty c. to undergo with admirable patience the unkindnesses and forsakings of his friends the reproaches indignities and persecutions of his enemies yea and to be tempted by that great enemy of mankind the Devil 4. In his death that he should dye at all who is the Author of natural spiritual and eternal life and besides could he not if he would have translated himself from earth to heaven as Enoch was translated without dying at all but then that the King of Glory should dye the â—ost shameful death that of the Cross and in the basest company betwixt two Theeves 5 After death in having his body laid in the earth who had before made the heavens and laid the foundation of the earth And last of all that he should continue under the power of death the grave for three days who could if he would within less than three moments yea in less time than a moment have raised his body from the grave O incomprehensible humiliation and that which should fill us all with grateful and astonishing admiration at it that all this was for sinful man A. 28. Christs Exaltation consisteth in his rising again from the dead on the third day in ascending up into heaven and sitting at the right hand of God the Father and in coming to judg the world at the last day Artic. IV. Christ did truly rise again from death and took again his body with flesh bones and all things appertaining to the perfection of mans nature wherewith he ascended into heaven and there sitteth until he return to judg all men at the last day To. 2. Hom. xiv After this world Judg as well of the living as of the dead to give reward to the good and judgment to the evil Hom. xvij p. 3. By him hath Almighty God decreed to dissolve the world to call all before him to judg both the quick and the dead and finally by him shall he condemn the wicked to eternal fire in hell and give the good eternal life and set them assuredly in presence with him in heaven for ever more Expl. 28. Christ is here exalted 1 st In his resurrection and here 1. The glory of his power was exalted for he raised himself by his own Almighty power and thereby declared himself to be the Son of God 2. The glory of his truth for he raised himself as he had foretold within three days 3. The glory of his authority for he rose as a publick person and thereby declared himself Head of the Church 4. The glory of his mercy for he rose again for our justification for if he had not received a discharge from his Father and had he not been released from the prison of the grave it would have been an evidence against us that our debt was not paid 2 dly He was exalted by his ascension 1. If we consider the manner of it it was with glorious triumph over hell and death 2. His ascension was into heaven namely into the heaven of heavens that which is called Paradise and the third Heaven whether Enoch and Elias went 3. In his bounty and grace he ascended that he might give gifts to men 3 dly Exalted in his sitting c. for his Session at the right hand of the Father doth declare him to be supreme Head of the Church 4 thly In judging the world he will be exalted 1. In his authority 2. In his righteousness A. 29. We are made partakers of the Redemption purchased by Christ by the effectual application of it to us by his holy Spirit Artic. xvij They which be endued with so excellent a benefit of God viz. Election be called according to Gods purpose working in due season they through grace obey the calling be freely justified c. Expl. 29. In this A. is plainly laid before us the manner how and means whereby all that Christ has done and suffered for sinners as Mediator and all that he is now doing in heaven for them doth become effectual to the compleat redemption and eternal salvation of all true Christians sc. by the real and actual application of all this unto them For though Christ the great Physitian of value has made the healing Plaister of his Blood sufficiently broad enough both to cover and to cure all the wounds that sin hath made in all the men in the world yet the far greater part of the world do dye and perish of their wounds because they will not suffer this soveraign Plaister to be apply'd to them in the sound preaching of the Gospel neither will they abide to have their wounds searched in order to cure Now for the manner how and the means whereby this Plaister is apply'd I answer 1. It is outwardly by the Ministers of the Gospel unto all those that do believe as when they preach this Doctrine that whosoever believeth shall be saved 2. Inwardly by the Holy Spirit who does not only lay on the Plaister in a work of conviction but doth make it become effectually healing in a work of conversion and sanctification For the means see the next A. A. 30. The Spirit applieth to us the Redemption purchased by Christ by working faith in us and thereby uniting us to Christ in our Effectual Calling Homil. II. Of the Passion As it profiteth a man nothing to have Sâ—lve unless it be well-applied to the part infected so the death of Christ shall stand us in no force unless we apply it to our selves as God hath appointed Almighty God commonly worketh by means and in this thing he hath also ordained a certain mean whereby we may take fruit and profit to our Souls health Homil. xvi p. 2. The Holy Ghost is a Spiritual and Divine Substance the Third person in the Trinity distinct from the Father and the Son and yet proceeding from them both doth regenerate which the more it is hid from our understanding the more it ought to move all men to wonder at the secret and mighty working of Gods holy Spirit which is within us For it is the Holy Ghost and no other thing that doth quicken the minds of men stirring up good and godly motions in their hearts which are agreeable to the will and commandment of God such as otherwise of their crooked and perverse nature they should never have Who is the only worker of our sanctification and maketh us new in Christ. Expl. 30. Here we have the particular means or instrument which the Holy Spirit makes use of for the
doth directly send us to Christ for remission of our sins and that by faith given us of God we embrace the promise of Gods mercy and of the remission of our sins which thing none other of our virtues or works properly doth therefore the Scripture useth to say that faith without works doth justifie or only faith doth justifie Not through the merit of any virtue that we have within us or of any work that cometh from us therefore in that respect we forsake as it were altogether again faith works and all other virtues For our own imperfection is so great through the corruption of Original sin that all is imperfect that is within us faith charity hope dread thoughts words and works and therefore not apt to merit and deserve any part of our justification for us Tom. 2. Hom. IV. It is of the free grace and mercy of God by the mediation of the blood of his Son Jesus Christ without merit or deserving on our part that our sins are forgiven us that we are reconciled and brought again into his favour and are made heirs of his heavenly Kingdom Expl. 33. This word justification doth signifie not only to make just or righteous but also to make a man appear so yet not by infusing or working grace or righteousness in the Soul for this is the meaning of that word sanctification or it signifies the believing sinners being reputed or accounted righteous in the sight of God in and through the righteousness of Christ imputed to the sinner or accounted as his own for as condemnation doth suppose a man guilty because the just God doth not condemn men for nothing so justification doth suppose a man discharged from guilt and so not obnoxious to the penalty or curse of the Law now because the sinner cannot expect to receive this discharge by vertue of his own personal righteousness because all his righteousness is imperfect or as a menstrous rag therefore he must be found not having on his own righteousness for his justification but the righteousness of Christ. But more particularly in this A. we have 1. The principal Author or prime efficient cause of justification and this is God Who is he that condemneth it is God that justifieth God the Father as accepting of what Christ has done for sinners and God the Son as procuring our discharge and God the Holy Ghost as applying the merits of Christ to us and working faith in us whereby we receive so great a benefit 2. The inward moving cause free-grace and not any foresight of faith or obedience in the sinner to move him to it 3. The matter of justification or in reference to what the sinner is justified namely the guilt of sin and curse of the Law 4. The manner which consists in a legal discharge of the sinner from his former obligation to punishment here called the pardon of his sins and accepting of him as righteous 5. The meritorious cause only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to the believing sinner 6. The instrumental cause or condition sc. faith for the sinner through the means of his faith or upon the condition of his believing is thus justified A. 34. Adoption is an Act of Gods free-grace whereby we are received into the number and have right to all the priviledges of the Sons of God Tom. 1. Hom. III. p. 3. So making us also his dear children brethren unto his only Son our Saviour Christ and inheritors for ever with him of his eternal Kingdom of Heaven Hom. X. p. 2. He is a rising up to none other than those which are Gods children by adoption Hom. xi p. 2. By their obedience they declare openly unto to the sight of men that they are Sons of God and elect of him unto Salvation Expl. 34. More plainly Adoption it is Gods taking of those into his care and Family as his children by grace who were by nature the children of wrath and by practice the children of disobedience and all that they may enjoy the honour advantages and priviledges of his children as 1. They bear their Fathers Name and likeness or his badg and cognizance whereby they are known to belong to him and that is their holiness So that those who are afraid to be accounted godly they are afraid to be God-like and so disown their Father as if ashamed of him 2. They are all heirs of God and joint-heirs with Christ their elder Brother to an heavenly Inheritance 3. They have the Spirit of his Son given to them whereby they are inabled to call God Father and to come to a throne of grace with the boldness of children 4. They are under Gods fatherly protection so that nothing can harm them 5. They are provided for by him and therefore can want no good thing 6. They have a sanctified use of the creatures and of all temporal good things yea afflictions themselves are for their good A. 35. Sanctification is the work of Gods free-grace whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the Image of God and are enabled more and more to dye unto sin and live unto righteousness Hom. II. p. 2. The holy Apostle calleth us Saints because we are sanctified and made holy by the blood of Christ through the Holy Ghost Hom. xvi p. 1. It is he which inwardly worketh the regeneration and new birth The more it is hid from the understanding the more it ought to move all men to wonder at the secret and mighty working of Gods holy Spirit which is within us For it is the Holy Ghost and no other thing that doth quicken the minds of men stirring up good and godly motions in their hearts which are agreeable to the will and commandment of God such as otherwise of their own crooked and perverse nature they should never have That which is born of the spirit is spirit As who should say man of his own nature is fleshly and carnal corrupt and naught sinful and disobedient to God without any spark of goodness in him without any virtuous or godly motion only given to evil thoughts and wicked deeds As for the works of the Spirit the fruits of Faith charitable and godly motions if he have any at all in him they proceed only of the Holy Ghost who is the only worker of our sanctification and maketh us new men in Christ Jesus Such is the power of the Holy Ghost to regenerate men and as it were to bring forth a-new that they shall be nothing like the men they were before Expl. 35. As for sanctification it is no less a work of free-grace than justification and adoption and in Scripture-phrase it is the new man new creature and a mans being created a-new in Christ Jesus unto good works in which and the like expressions is plainly set before us the large compass extent and comprehension of this work for herein all things must become new the nature renewed or changed from