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nature_n figure_n matter_n motion_n 3,415 5 9.0997 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A44631 Remarks on the new philosophy of Des-Cartes in four parts ... / done by a gentleman. Howard, Edward. 1700 (1700) Wing H2978; ESTC R11446 138,891 395

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suppose_v fill_v with_o earth_n or_o water_n and_o those_o material_n afterward_o remove_v the_o air_n
that_o all_o motion_n do_v of_o itself_o proceed_v in_o a_o right_a line_n it_o be_v broad_o untrue_a if_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v no_o less_o natural_o than_o mathematical_o certain_a that_o whatsoever_o move_v must_v be_v progressive_a with_o the_o proper_a superficies_n and_o space_n in_o every_o kind_a that_o appertain_v to_o its_o substance_n when_o a_o man_n walk_v do_v he_o not_o suitable_o move_v to_o the_o height_n breadth_n and_o depth_n which_o at_o that_o instant_a expose_v the_o proportion_n of_o his_o figure_n the_o same_o may_v be_v affirm_v of_o the_o motion_n of_o animate_v or_o unanimate_v body_n on_o which_o ground_n geometrician_n determine_v that_o a_o line_n of_o itself_o have_v no_o commensurable_a proportion_n compare_v to_o a_o superficies_n and_o therefore_o to_o no_o substantial_a velocity_n or_o motion_n in_o any_o consideration_n otherwise_o than_o as_o betwixt_o two_o different_a superficies_n line_n may_v be_v allow_v a_o relative_n proportion_n as_o in_o square_n parallellogram_n and_o other_o figure_n that_o assimilate_v in_o height_n and_o breadth_n wherefore_o to_o assert_v as_o he_o do_v that_o by_o intendment_n of_o nature_n all_o corporeal_a motion_n be_v comprehend_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o affirm_v that_o a_o mathematical_a line_n which_o by_o euclid_n be_v define_v to_o consist_v mere_o of_o point_n that_o have_v no_o part_n otherwise_o then_o suppose_v shall_v single_o measure_v a_o superficies_n the_o continent_n of_o body_n not_o but_o in_o a_o genuine_a philosophical_a sense_n a_o material_a composition_n may_v have_v a_o direct_a motion_n allow_v its_o requisite_a extension_n place_n and_o superficies_n transfer_v with_o it_o either_o upward_o or_o downward_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o its_o substance_n but_o no_o other_o lineal_a rectitude_n as_o be_v already_o demonstrate_v where_o i_o instanced_a the_o natural_a tendency_n that_o thing_n light_a or_o ponderous_n have_v to_o their_o proper_a station_n and_o therefore_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o example_n he_o give_v in_o the_o diagram_n of_o a_o stone_n enforce_v by_o other_o material_a thing_n or_o in_o a_o manner_n slinge_v from_o its_o direct_a movement_n into_o the_o obliquity_n of_o a_o wind_a figure_n which_o must_v so_o detain_v it_o as_o never_o to_o depart_v or_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o stone_n will_v cause_v it_o to_o move_v downward_o towards_o its_o rest_a place_n on_o which_o account_n the_o stone_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o sling_n and_o fling_v at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o argument_n as_o intolerable_o extravagant_a be_v his_o other_o principle_n or_o rather_o conceit_n that_o he_o annex_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n whereby_o he_o will_v take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o whatsoever_o do_v circular_o move_v have_v in_o its_o self_n a_o inherent_a proneness_n to_o recede_v from_o its_o centre_n which_o be_v total_o opposite_a to_o the_o supreme_a perfection_n of_o circular_a motion_n if_o compare_v with_o whatsoever_o be_v direct_o lineal_a because_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o lineal_a movement_n without_o separate_v its_o termination_n as_o the_o other_o do_v which_o be_v obvious_o evident_a in_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o wheel_n where_o the_o term_n of_o its_o motion_n be_v not_o so_o distinct_a that_o any_o one_o can_v be_v think_v separate_v from_o the_o other_o but_o when_o a_o weighty_a thing_n direct_o move'_v from_o a_o superior_a place_n to_o a_o inferior_a it_o may_v true_o be_v affirm_v that_o the_o term_n of_o any_o such_o direct_a motion_n be_v by_o their_o interval_n and_o distance_n considerable_o separate_v which_o separation_n import_v composition_n of_o term_n but_o none_o to_o be_v find_v in_o circular_a movement_n as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o precedent_a example_n wherefore_o aristotle_n acute_o define_v the_o excellency_n of_o circular_a motion_n by_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v more_o absolute_a or_o simple_o complete_a than_o can_v be_v attribute_v to_o any_o other_o figure_n by_o reason_n it_o be_v more_o equal_a and_o therefore_o less_o obnoxion_n to_o irregularity_n and_o consequent_o more_o durable_a from_o whence_o he_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a and_o first_o of_o motious_a as_o likewise_o a_o possibility_n of_o be_v eternal_a because_o no_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v its_o beginning_n or_o period_n and_o where_o neither_o the_o first_o and_o last_o of_o any_o thing_n be_v discernible_a it_o may_v be_v allow_v in_o a_o manner_n eternal_a to_o which_o purpose_n the_o poet_n virgil_n compendious_o express_v the_o admirable_a revolution_n of_o the_o hour_n day_n and_o season_n of_o the_o year_n by_o no_o more_o word_n than_o in_o se_fw-la ciroumvolvitur_fw-la annus_fw-la which_o show_v that_o circular_a motion_n be_v not_o effect_v by_o any_o forcible_a cause_n or_o inclination_n that_o any_o thing_n move_v can_v by_o that_o mean_n be_v endue_v with_o whereby_o to_o depart_v from_o its_o centre_n according_a to_o the_o devise_v maxim_n of_o this_o author_n but_o rather_o a_o continue_a providential_a and_o natural_a method_n in_o order_n to_o the_o computation_n of_o time_n together_o with_o the_o innumerable_a benefit_n that_o from_o thence_o accrue_v to_o mankind_n with_o whatsoever_o the_o world_n comprehend_v and_o if_o otherwise_o repute_v it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o believe_v that_o providence_n may_v receive_v a_o forcible_a period_n or_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o planet_n have_v as_o natural_a a_o propensity_n to_o drop_v from_o the_o orb_n in_o which_o they_o revolve_v as_o the_o stone_n may_v have_v to_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o sling_n in_o the_o precedent_a diagram_n so_o that_o the_o principle_n which_o he_o will_v entitle_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v more_o concentre_v with_o the_o tenent_n of_o a_o philosophical_a renegado_n outlaw_v by_o her_o regulr_a ordainment_n than_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o the_o pen_n of_o des-cartes_n i_o endeavour_v to_o be_v as_o piquant_a as_o i_o may_v be_v in_o my_o remark_n on_o this_o subject_a because_o he_o own_v it_o for_o a_o main_a foundation_n on_o which_o he_o erect_v not_o a_o few_o of_o his_o ensue_a discussion_n the_o three_o law_n that_o he_o give_v to_o nature_n be_v that_o any_o one_o substance_n meet_v with_o a_o strong_a lose_v nothing_o of_o its_o motion_n by_o its_o occurrence_n to_o one_o of_o great_a strength_n but_o lessen_v its_o motion_n by_o as_o much_o as_o it_o transfer_v to_o the_o other_o here_o he_o continue_v a_o perpetual_a war_n among_o the_o subject_n of_o nature_n and_o with_o that_o exorbitant_a violence_n that_o he_o allow_v victory_n to_o the_o strong_a on_o all_o consideration_n whereby_o he_o interpret_v the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o thing_n tend_v to_o the_o universal_a preservation_n and_o conduct_n of_o nature_n no_o other_o than_o so_o many_o hostility_n execute_v by_o the_o strong_a against_o the_o weak_a if_o body_n be_v alter_v by_o the_o movable_a effect_n of_o rarifaction_n and_o condensation_n they_o be_v not_o so_o move_v or_o produce_v by_o a_o preternatural_a and_o vary_a violence_n but_o rather_o useful_o convey_v and_o dispose_a to_o such_o receptacle_n of_o nature_n where_o their_o being_n be_v want_v and_o can_v not_o be_v supply_v without_o the_o convenient_a alteration_n of_o material_a thing_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o generation_n and_o corruption_n incident_a to_o all_o elementary_a composition_n and_o though_o nature_n in_o some_o sense_n may_v have_v the_o artribute_n of_o perpetuity_n there_o can_v not_o be_v the_o same_o permanency_n allow_v to_o particular_n within_o her_o dominion_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v equal_o everlasting_a with_o herself_o which_o will_v level_v her_o incessant_a prerogative_n in_o common_a with_o her_o subject_n or_o imply_v the_o dissolution_n of_o her_o superlative_a dominion_n too_o profound_a to_o be_v fathom_v by_o the_o most_o skilful_a brain_n of_o man_n or_o be_v disorder_v by_o any_o speculation_n inconsistent_a with_o her_o perfection_n which_o have_v this_o author_n requisite_o consider_v he_o will_v not_o have_v enterprise_v the_o imbroyl_v of_o her_o rule_n with_o so_o many_o turbulent_a diversity_n or_o anarchical_a violence_n that_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o his_o principle_n as_o they_o derogate_v from_o her_o operative_a contrivement_n and_o motion_n of_o thing_n in_o reference_n to_o their_o due_a continuation_n and_o apt_a disposure_n agreeable_a to_o the_o capacity_n of_o their_o existence_n but_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v frequent_o catechise_v nature_n according_a to_o the_o model_n of_o his_o invent_a principle_n and_o especial_o in_o this_o place_n where_o he_o attempt_v to_o enact_v law_n as_o if_o confirm_v by_o the_o touch_n of_o her_o sceptre_n as_o also_o to_o present_v his_o reader_n with_o several_a subsequent_a rule_n by_o which_o he_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o have_v prevent_v what_o may_v be_v
apparent_a place_n of_o a_o star_n though_o the_o best_a geometrical_a method_n in_o order_n to_o its_o calculation_n be_v very_o uncertain_o find_v by_o accurate_a astronomer_n when_o apply_v to_o comet_n and_o notorious_o evident_a if_o compare_v their_o observation_n which_o be_v so_o exceed_o discrepant_a that_o even_o to_o infinite_a degree_n and_o mile_n their_o computation_n differ_v as_o they_o relate_v to_o the_o magnitude_n and_o distance_n of_o comet_n from_o the_o earth_n all_o which_o may_v be_v egregious_o apprehend_v if_o confer_v the_o observation_n of_o famous_a tycho_n with_o other_o learned_a astronomer_n that_o be_v before_o and_o after_o he_o of_o eminent_a reputation_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o ocular_a experience_n of_o age_n past_a whereby_o it_o be_v assure_v that_o comet_n together_o with_o their_o blazing_n be_v dissipate_v and_o extinguish_v when_o they_o near_o approach_v to_o the_o ecliptic_a or_o equator_fw-la which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o planetary_a luminary_n that_o regular_o move_v in_o respect_n of_o those_o circle_n about_o the_o sun_n from_o who_o beam_n they_o receive_v the_o brightness_n of_o their_o splendour_n so_o that_o comet_n either_o in_o place_n nature_n or_o motion_n can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o elevate_a meteor_n and_o therefore_o of_o no_o similitude_n with_o or_o derivation_n from_o celestial_a substance_n or_o at_o all_o compose_v by_o such_o unexplicable_a method_n as_o be_v instanced_a by_o the_o scheme_n diagram_n and_o notion_n of_o des-cartes_n last_o the_o matter_n of_o comet_n may_v be_v indisputable_o affirm_v elementary_o mix_v and_o obnoxious_o distemper_a and_o compose_v from_o the_o malevolent_a effect_n that_o too_o frequent_o be_v consequent_a to_o their_o appearance_n as_o plague_n famine_n destruction_n of_o cattle_n by_o kill_a disease_n scarcity_n of_o grain_n and_o the_o like_a and_o sometime_o superlative_o omnious_a as_o they_o presage_v the_o death_n of_o some_o prince_n who_o period_n as_o ptolemy_n be_v quote_v by_o albertus_n magnus_n be_v most_o especial_o signify_v when_o a_o morning_n comet_n be_v in_o the_o sign_n that_o do_v ascend_v at_o his_o nativity_n in_o sum_n that_o comet_n be_v terrible_o prodigious_a and_o extraordinary_a prognostic_n dispense_v from_o above_o or_o as_o severe_a emblem_n of_o the_o displeasure_n and_o punishment_n of_o heaven_n inflict_v on_o the_o iniquity_n of_o king_n and_o subject_n be_v no_o less_o true_a than_o signal_o record_v by_o credible_a historian_n of_o which_o wonderful_a example_n together_o with_o their_o portentous_a attribute_n i_o find_v nothing_o say_v in_o this_o treatise_n by_o this_o author_n though_o otherwise_o perhaps_o too_o far_o inquisitive_a of_o the_o production_n and_o nature_n of_o thing_n however_o remote_a from_o common_a understanding_n and_o here_o i_o will_v close_v my_o remark_n on_o the_o three_o part_n of_o his_o philosophy_n be_v not_o i_o oblige_v to_o note_n or_o indeed_o reprehend_v his_o conclusion_n in_o which_o he_o infer_v in_o confirmation_n of_o his_o former_a doctrine_n that_o the_o planet_n although_o incline_v to_o circular_a motion_n never_o perfect_a any_o such_o movement_n either_o in_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n to_o which_o i_o reply_v by_o a_o necessitate_a reiteration_n be_v not_o desirous_a that_o his_o conclusion_n shall_v have_v the_o better_a of_o my_o pen_n by_o which_o i_o have_v judge_v or_o rather_o prove_v his_o premise_n taxable_a wherefore_o i_o thus_o brief_o repeat_v my_o former_a assertion_n which_o be_v that_o the_o attribute_v in_o his_o method_n of_o imperfect_a motion_n to_o the_o planet_n by_o contrive_v their_o movement_n in_o figure_n not_o exact_o circular_a be_v a_o erroneous_a lessen_v of_o the_o perfection_n of_o providence_n which_o can_v not_o but_o ordain_v to_o the_o most_o refine_v existency_n of_o star_n and_o planet_n such_o movement_n as_o may_v be_v comprehend_v by_o the_o most_o absolute_a of_o figure_n which_o must_v be_v the_o circle_n because_o there_o can_v be_v otherwise_o so_o useful_a a_o computation_n of_o their_o motion_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o many_o celebrate_a astronomical_a observator_n by_o who_o the_o new_a mode_n of_o confine_v the_o planetary_a motion_n to_o a_o oval_a or_o ellipsis_n be_v never_o think_v o●_n or_o want_v by_o they_o nor_o can_v i_o apprehend_v how_o the_o account_n of_o our_o day_n and_o 〈◊〉_d can_v be_v so_o commodious_o render_v as_o by_o circular_a motion_n they_o be_v compute_v which_o may_v be_v some_o reason_n why_o judicious_a euclid_n do_v not_o mention_v in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o element_n the_o ellipsis_n or_o any_o sort_n of_o curv'_v frequent_o find_v in_o the_o scheme_n and_o diagram_n of_o des-cartes_n as_o either_o certain_o to_o be_v enumerate_v or_o geometrical_o explicable_a whereas_o in_o his_o three_o and_o four_o book_n he_o demonstrate_v circular_a commensuration_n and_o also_o such_o line_n as_o useful_o relate_v or_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o they_o it_o be_v say_v of_o plato_n who_o be_v ask_v what_o god_n do_v answer_v that_o he_o exercise_v geometry_n as_o by_o man_n may_v be_v consider_v the_o proportion_n of_o his_o conduct_n and_o motion_n of_o his_o work_n but_o have_v des-cartes_n be_v so_o interrogated_a he_o must_v have_v reply_v according_a to_o his_o hypothesis_n that_o the_o irregular_a figure_n scheme_n and_o delineament_n that_o abundant_o replenish_v his_o diagram_n aught_o to_o be_v receive_v as_o the_o geometry_n of_o heaven_n however_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o sound_a notion_n that_o man_n can_v have_v of_o the_o conduct_n order_n and_o motion_n above_o we_o other_o objection_n may_v have_v be_v insert_v as_o due_a reflection_n on_o the_o idea_n principle_n devise_v theory_n and_o problem_n of_o this_o author_n which_o to_o deal_v free_o with_o my_o reader_n have_v more_o reference_n to_o the_o boundless_a sphere_n of_o fiction_n than_o to_o any_o common_a place_n of_o science_n or_o methodical_a probation_n wherefore_o i_o have_v be_v thirfty_o cautious_a and_o i_o presume_v not_o indiscreet_a by_o separate_v such_o thing_n from_o other_o of_o his_o imagination_n on_o which_o i_o can_v more_o commodious_o ground_n my_o remark_n and_o thereby_o facilitate_v their_o use_n to_o public_a understanding_n a_o instance_n not_o improper_o annex_v to_o the_o close_a i_o give_v to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o philosophy_n of_o des-cartes_n remark_n on_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o new_a philosophy_n of_o descarte_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o earth_n part_n iv_o with_o no_o small_a labour_n and_o diligence_n according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o understanding_n i_o have_v thorough_o inspect_v and_o careful_o contract_v my_o remark_n to_o such_o particular_n as_o i_o judge_v of_o most_o familiar_a consideration_n to_o whosoever_o shall_v peruse_v what_o i_o have_v write_v and_o as_o in_o my_o precedent_n tractaet_v i_o omit_v such_o maxim_n argument_n premise_n conclusion_n scheme_n and_o diagram_n of_o this_o authos_n which_o i_o conceive_v rather_o obscure_v repetition_n or_o pose_o compose_v than_o obvious_o perspicuous_a to_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o reader_n a_o oversight_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v high_o avoid_v by_o a_o judicious_a writer_n the_o same_o rational_a method_n or_o separate_v of_o divers_a complicate_v tenant_n assertion_n and_o pretend_a proof_n of_o this_o otherwise_o learned_a frenchman_n from_o what_o i_o have_v more_o compendious_o and_o i_o presume_v useful_o insert_v i_o shall_v continue_v in_o this_o four_o part_n of_o my_o observation_n on_o his_o philosophical_a principle_n the_o work_n of_o his_o compose_v that_o i_o have_v to_o do_v with_o be_v so_o frequent_o intermix_v with_o divers_a modality_n by_o he_o propose_v and_o invent_v that_o neither_o concentre_v with_o old_a or_o new_a probability_n that_o shall_v the_o able_a penman_n undertake_v to_o paraphrase_n or_o comment_n on_o they_o it_o be_v much_o the_o same_o as_o the_o attempt_v to_o explicate_v one_o solecism_n by_o allege_v another_o it_o be_v say_v of_o lucretius_n that_o he_o be_v the_o first_o of_o philosophical_a poet_n and_o it_o may_v be_v as_o pertinent_o affirm_v of_o this_o author_n that_o he_o be_v the_o first_o of_o fictitious_a philosopher_n the_o main_a bulk_n of_o who_o treatise_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v rather_o thicken_v by_o his_o affect_a imagination_n than_o rational_a conjecture_n deducible_a from_o rule_n of_o science_n which_o in_o divers_a place_n of_o his_o write_n however_o indulgent_a to_o his_o devising_n he_o be_v so_o ingenuous_a as_o to_o acknowledge_v but_o with_o this_o confident_a manner_n of_o excuse_n that_o he_o suppose_v his_o invention_n ought_v to_o be_v more_o allowable_a than_o whatsoever_o can_v be_v urge_v against_o they_o which_o i_o have_v as_o i_o believe_v and_o shall_v endeavour_v far_a to_o disprove_v and_o thus_o 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manner_n that_o cause_n and_o matter_n do_v proceed_v
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matter_n that_o contain_v it_o and_o if_o so_o he_o must_v be_v very_o obscure_o conceit_v that_o will_v imagine_v a_o blind_a fire_n useless_o constitute_v in_o the_o first_o (null)_o body_n by_o omnipotent_a power_n the_o material_a substance_n out_o of_o which_o he_o conclude_v the_o primary_n be_v of_o man_n corporeal_a shape_n and_o proportion_n be_v doubtless_o abstract_v by_o he_o from_o his_o primary_n invent_v element_n and_o which_o he_o denominate_v the_o sole_a materiality_n of_o whatsoever_o the_o world_n contain_v but_o that_o element_n according_a to_o his_o definition_n be_v exceed_o fluid_a and_o tenuous_a and_o no_o room_n leave_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o plenary_a exist_v for_o any_o other_o thing_n or_o substance_n throughout_o the_o universe_n as_o i_o have_v precedent_o mention_v it_o be_v very_o incompatible_a with_o common_a understanding_n that_o this_o simple_a matter_n and_o therefore_o incapable_a to_o produce_v any_o other_o substance_n different_a from_o 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