vse of cleane Beasts for foode and nourishment and therefore for the inriching of the minds and Tables of men it is necesary to know not onely the liberty that we haue to eat but also the quality and nutriment of the Beast we eat not for any Religion but for health and corporall necessity This point is also opened in this story and the other of Sacrifice wherein I haue not omitted to speak of the Diuine vse of euery Beast both among the Iewes and among the prophane Gentiles Now for the second holy vse of Beasts in visions the Prophet Daniels visions and Ezekiels and S. Iohns in the Reuelation doe testifie of them whereby the most Deuines haue obserued how great Princes and kingdomes after they haue shaken off the practise of Iustice and piety turn Tyrants and rauening Beasts For so man being in honor vnderstandeth not but becommeth like the Beasts that perish and so as Dionisius saith by visions of beasts Infima reducuntur per media in suprema Now there were as S. Augustine saith three kinds of visions Sensibiles intellectuales imaginariae the first were most pregnaÌ„t because to the vnderstanding and conceiuing a man neuer lost his sences and therefore God did sodainely create sauage Beasts both of naturall and extraordinary shapes whereby he shewed to his seruants the Prophets the ruine or vprising of beastly states and kingdomes And not onely thus but also in heauen as Saint Iohn saith there are foure Beasts full of eyes before the throne of God both which must needs magnifie the knowledge that we may haue of these Quadrupedes for seeing God hath vsed them as Sacraments or Mysteries to containe his will not onely in monstrous treble-headed or seuen-horned-shapes but also in pure ordinary natural lims meÌ„bers how shal we be able to gesse at the meaning in the secret that do not vnderstand the reuealed And what vse can we make of the inuisible part of that Sacrament where we know not the meaning of the visible Doth the Lord compare the Diuell to a Lyon euill Iudges to Beares false prophets to Wolues secret and crafty persecutors to Foxes open enemies in hostility to wilde Boares Heretickes and false Preachers to Scorpions good men to the Fowles of Heauen and Martyrs to Sheep and yet we haue no knowledge of the nature of Lyons Wolues Beares Foxes Wilde-Bores or Scorpions Surely when Salomon saith to the sluggard go to the Pismire he willeth him to learne the nature of the Pismire and then according thereto reforme his manners And so all the world are bid to learne the natures of all Beasts for there is alway something to be learned in them according to this saying of Saint Basil A deo nihil non prouidum in naturae rebus est neque quicquam pertinentis ad se curae expers si ipsas animalium partes consideraueris inuenies quod neque superfluum quid conditor apposuit neque necessaria detraxit Then it being cleare that euery beast is a natural vision vvhich vve ought to see and vnderstand for the more cleare apprehension of the inuisible Maiesty of God I vvill conclude that I haue not omitted this part of the vse of Beasts but haue collected expressed and declared vvhat the vvriters of all ages haue heerein obserued Novv the third and last holy vse that is made of Beasts in Scripture is for reproofe and instruction so the Lord in Iob. Ch 38 39. mentioneth the Lyon the Rauen the Wilde-Goats the Hindes the Hinde-Calues the Wilde-Asses the Vnicorn the Ostriche the Stork the Puissant-Horse the Hauke the Eagle the Vulture the Whale and the Dragon that is the Fovvles Fishes Serpents and Four-footed-Beasts Al vvhich he reckoneth as known things to Iob and discourseth of as strange things in their natures as any vve haue inserted for truth in our History as may appeare to any man vvhatsoeuer that vvil looke studiously into them Shall I adde heereunto hovv Moses and all the Prophets Saint Iohn Baptist our most blessed Sauiour saint Paule and all the Writers since his time both auncient and latter haue made profession of this part of Diuinity so that he was an vnskilfull Deuine and not apt to teach which could not at his fingers end speake of these things for saith our Sauiour If I tell you earthly things and ye beleeue not how shall ye beleeue when I tell you heauenly things Salomon as it is witnessed in holy Scripture wrote of Plants of Birds of Fishes and Beasts and euen then when he stood in good fauour vvith God therefore it is an exercise of the highest Wisdome to trauell in and the Noblest mindes to study in for in it as I wil shew you with your good patience for I haue no other Praeface there is both the knowledge of god and man If any man obiect Multa multi de musca de apicula de vermiculo pauca de Deo I will answer vvith the words of Theodorus Gaza Permulta enim de Deo is tractat qui doctrina rerum conditarum exquisitissima conditorem ipsum deâ—larat neque musca neque vermiculus omittendus est vbi de mira solertia agitur Wherunto Saint Austen agreeth vvhen he saith Maiestatem diuinam aeque in formicae membris atque magno inuento tranante fluuium And for the knovvledge of man many and most excellent rules for publicke and priuaete affaires both for preseruing a good Conscience and auoiding an euill daunger are gathered from Beasts It were to long to run ouer all let me I beseech you be bold to reckon a few vvhich discend from nature our common parent and therefore are neither strained counterfait inconstant or deceiptfull but free full of power to perswade true hauing the seale of the highest for their euidence constant and neuer altred in any age faithfull such as haue beene tryed at fiâ—e and Touch-stone Were not this a good perswasion against murder to see all beasts so to maintaine their natures that they kill not their owne kind Who is so vnnaturall and vnthankefull to his parents but by reading how the young Storkes and Wood-peckers do in their parents olde age feed and nourish them will not repent amend his folly and bee more naturall What man is so void of compassion that hearing the bounty of the Bone-breaker Birde to the young Eagles will not become more liberall Where is there svch a sluggard and drone that considereth the labours paines and trauels of the Emmet Little-bee Field-mouse Squirrell and such other that will not learne for shame to he more industrious and set his fingers to worke Why should any man liuing fall to do euill against his Conscience or at the temptation of the Deuill seeing a Lyon will neuer yeeld Mori scit vnici nescit and seeing the little Wren doth fight with an Eagle contending for Soueraignty woulde it not make all men to reuerence a good King set ouer them by God Seeing the Bees seeke out their King if
vpper part of their body is far greater then the neather like other Quadrupedes consisting of A porportion betweene fiue and three by reason whereof they grow out of kinde hauing feete like hands and feete They liue more downeward then vpward like other foure footed Beasts and they want Buttocks although Albertus saith they haue large ones they haue no taile like 2. legged creatures or a very small signe thereof The genitall or priuy place of the female is like a Womans but the Males is like a dogges their nourishment goeth more forward then backward like the best horses and the Arabian Seraph which are higher before then behinde and that Ape whose meate goeth forward by reason of the heate of heart and Lyuer is most like to a man in standing vpright their eyes are hollow and that thing in men is accounted for a signe of a malitious minde as little eies are a token of a base and abiect spirit Men that haue low and flat Nostrils are Libidinous as Apes that attempt women and hauing thicke lippes the vpper hanging ouer the neather they are deemed fooles like the lips of Asses and Apes Albertus saith he saw the heart of a Male Ape hauing 2. tops of snarp ends which I knowe not whether to terme a wonder or a Monster An Ape and a Cat haue a small backe and so hath a weake hearted man a broad and strong back signifieth a valiant and magnanimous mind The Apes nailes are halfe round and when they are in copulation they bende their Elbowes before them the sinewes of their hinder ioynts being turned cleane about but with a man it is cleane otherwise The vaines of their armes are no otherwise dissected then a mans hauing a very small and ridiculous crooked thumbe by reason of the Muscles which come out of the hinder part of the Leg into the middle of the Shinne and the fore muscles drawing the leg backeward they cannot exactly stand vpright and therefore they runne and stand like a man that counterfaites a lame mans halting The disposition of Apes And as the body of an Ape is Ridiculous by reason of an indecent likenesse and imitation of man so is his soule or spirit for they are kept only in rich mens houses to sport withall being for that cause easily tamed following euery action he seeth done euen to his owne harme without discretion A certaine Ape after a shipwracke swimming to land An History was seene by a Countreyman and thinknig him to be a man in the water gaue him his hand to saue him yet in the meane time asked him what Countrey man he was who answered he was an Athenian well saide the man dost thou know Piraeus which was a port in Athens very well Places of their abode saide the Ape and his wife frends and children where at the man being moued did what he could to drowne him They keep for the most part in Caues and hollow places of hils in rocks and trees feeding vpon Apples and Nuts but if they finde any bitternesse in the shel they cast all away They eate Life and picke them out of heads and garments Food of apes They will drinke wine till they be drunk but if they drink it oft they grow not great specialy they lose their nails as other Quadrupedes do They are best contented to sitte aloft although tied with chaines They are taken by laying for them shoos and other things for they which hunt them will anoint their eies with water in their presence and so departing leaue a pot of lime or Hony in stead of the water The manner of taking Apes which the Ape espying commeth and anointeth her eies therewith and so being not able to see doeth the hunter take her If they lay shooes they are leaden ones to heauy for them to weare wherein are made such deuises of Ginnes that when once the Ape hath put them on they cannot be gotten off without the help of man So likewise for little Bags made like Breeches wherewithall they are deceiued and taken Procreation of apes They bring forth young ones for the most part by twins whereof they loue the one and hate the other that which they loue they beare in their Armes the other hangeth at the dams back and for the most part she killeth that which she loueth by pressing it to hard afterward she setteth her whole delight vpon the other The Egyptians when they discribe a father leauing his inheritance to his sonne that he loueth not picture an Ape with hir young one vpon her backe The male and female abide with the young one and if it want anything the male with fist and irefull aspect punisheth the female When the Moone is in the waine they are heauy and sorrowful Secretes in their nature which in that kinde haue tailes but they leape and reioyce at the change for as other Beasts so doe these feare the defect of the starres and planets They are full of dissimulation and imitation of man they readiler folow the euill then the good they see their imitation They are very fierce by nature and yet tamed forget it but still remaine subiect to madnesse their loue They loue Conies very tenderly for in England an old Ape scarse able to goe did defend tame Conies from the Weasell as Sir Thomas Moore reported thâ—ir â—eere They feare a shel fish and a snaile very greatly as appeareth by this History In Rome a certaine Boy put a snaile in his hat and came to an Ape who as he was accustomed leapes vpon his shoulder and tooke off his hat to kil Life in his head but espying the snaile it was a wonder to see with what hast the Ape leaped from the Boyes shoulder and in trembling manner looked backe to see if the snaile followed him also when a snaile was tied to the one end of another Apes chaine so that he could not chose but continually looke vpon it one cannot imagine how the Ape was tormented therewith finding no meanes to get from it cast vp whatsoeuer was in his stomaeke and fell into a grieuous feuer till it was remoued from the snaile an antiquity and refreshed with Wine and water Cardane reporteth that it was an ancient custome in former time when a parracide was executed he was after he was whipped with bloody stripes put into a sacke with a liue Serpent a dog an Ape and a Cocke by the Serpent was signified his extreame malice to mankinde in killing his father by the Ape that in the likenesse of man he was a Beast by the dog how like a dog he spared none no not his owne father and by a cocke his hatefull pride and then were they altogether hurld headlong into the Sea That he might be deemed vnworthy of all the Elements of life and other blessings of nature A Lyon ruleth the beasts of the earth and a Dolphin the beasts of the sea when the Dolphin
Then the cornet standing so still slit the vaine longst wise that it may bleede and hauing bled somewhat from aboue then knit it vp with a sure knot somewhat aboue the slit suffering it to bleed onely from beneath and hauing bled sufficiently then knit vp the veine also beneath the slit with a sure knot and fill the hole of the vein with Salt and then heale vp the wound of the skinne with Turpentine and Hogs-grease molten together and laid on with a little Flax. The taking vp of veines is very necessary and doth ease many griefes in the Legges for the taking vp of the forethigh veines easeth Farcins and swellinges of the Legges the taking vp of the shakell veines before easeth the Quitter-bone and swelling of the ioynts scabs and cratches The taking vp of the hinder veines helpeth the Farcin swellings and both the spauens the taking vp of the shakel veines behind helpeth swelling of the ioynts the paines and kibed heeles and such like diseases Of purging with Purgation or Glister PVrgations is defined by the Physitians to be the emptiyng or voiding of superfluous humors annoying the body with their euill quality For such humors bring euill iuyce and nutriment called of the Physitians Cacochimia which when it will not be corrected or holpen with good dyet alteration nor by the benefit of nature and kindly heat then it must needes be taken away by purgation vomit or Glister But forasmuch as Horsses are not wont to be purged by Vomit as men be I will speake heere onely of Glisters and purgations And first because a Horse is grieued with many diseases in his guts and that nothing can purge the guts so well as a Glyster and especially the thicke guts I wish that our Ferrers would learne to knowe the diuersity of Glysters to what end they serue and with what drugs or simples they should bee made for as the disease requireth so must the Glister bee made some to allay griefes and sharpnesse of humors some to binde some to loosen some to purge euill humors some to clense Vlcers but our Ferrers vse Glisters only to loosen the belly and for no other purpose yea few or none do that vnlesse it be Martin and such as he hath taught who is not ignorant that a Glister is the beginning of purgation For a Glister by clensing the guts refresheth the vital parts and prepareth the way before And therefore whensoeuer a Horse is surfeted and full of euill humors needing to be purged and specially being pained in the guts I would wish you to begin first with a Glister least by purging him by medicine vppon the sudden you stir vp a multitude of euill humors which finding no passage downeward because the guts be stopt with wind and dregges do strike vpwardes and so perhaps put the horse in great danger But now you shall vnderstand that Glisters be made of foure things that is to say of decoctions of Drugges of Oyles or such like vnctious matters as butter and soft grease and fourthly of diuers kindes of salt to prouoke the vertue expulsiue A decoction is as much to say as the broath of certaine hearbes or simples boiled together in water till the third part be consumed And sometime instead of such decoction it shal be needfull parhaps to vse some fat broth as the broth of Beefe or of Sheeps heads or Milke or Whay or some other such like liquor and that perhaps mingled with Hony or Sugar according as the disease shall require the Glister to be either Lenitiue that is to say easing paine or Glutinatiue that is ioyning together or else Abstersiue that is to say cleansing or wiping away filthy matter of which decoction of broath being strained you shall need to take three pintes or a quart at the least And then into that you may put such drugges as shall bee needefull to the weight of three or foure ounces according as the simples shall bee more or lesse violent Of Oyle at the least halfe a pinte and of Salt two or three drammes and then to bee ministred Luke-warme with a horne or pipe made of purpose when the horse is not altogether full panched but rather empty be it either in forenoone or after-noone And as touching the time of keeping glisters in the body you shal vnderstand that to glisters abstersiue halfe an houre or lesse may suffice to glisters Lenitiue a longer time if it may be and to glisters Glutinatiue the longest time of all is most needfull Of Purgations PVrgations for men may be made in diuers sorts and formes but horses are wont to be purged onely with pilles or els with purging powders put into Ale Blundevile wine or some other liquor But the simples whereof such pils or powders be made would be chosen with iudgement and aptly applyed so as you may purge away the hurtfull humours and not the good Learne first therefore to know with what humour or humours the horse is greeued be it Choler Flegme or Melancholy and in what part of the body such humors do abound then what simples are best to purge such humors with what property quality and temperament they be indued For some be violent and next cousins to poison as Scamony or Coloquintida Some againe are gentle and rather meat than medicines as Manna Cassia Whay Prunes and such like And some againe be neither too violent nor too gentle but in a meane as Rhewbarbe Agaricke Sene Aloes The olde men did vse much to purge horses with the pulpe of Coloquintida and sometime with the rootes of wilde Cowcumber and sometime with the broathe of a sodden Whelpe mingled with Nitrum and diuers other thinges whereof I am sure I haue made mention before in the curing of horses diseases Notwithstanding I would not wish you to be rash in purging a horse after the old mens example For as their simples many times bee very violent so the quantities thereof by them prescribed are verie much and dangerous for any horse to take in these daies in the which neither man nor beast as it seemeth is of such force or strength as they were in times past And therefore whensoeuer you would purge him with such like kindes of Purgations as Martin vseth wherof you haue example before in diuers places and whensoeuer you list for knowledge sake to deale with other simples to proue them first vpon such Iades as may well be spared For whosoeuer mindeth to purge a horse well that is to do him good and no hurt had neede to consider manie things as the nature of the horses disease and the horses strength also the nature strength and quantity of the medicine that he ministreth the Region or Countrey the time of the disease the time of the yeere and daie For as the diseases and euill humors causing such diseases are diuers so doe they require to be purged with diuers medicines diuerslie compounded wherein consisteth a point of Art to be learned at
was a churlish vnpleasant meate The Lord vnderstanding a priuy Emphasis in that speech against himselfe for his name was written with those Letters and sillables aunswered her you say truth if the Bacon be a piece of an old Sow as peraduenture she seemed to be at that time The best opinion about the concoctiue quality of this flesh is that then it is best when it is in middle age neither a pig nor an old Hogge for a pigge is ouer moyst like the Damme which is the moystest of all other earthly Beastes and therefore cannot but engender much flegme and for this cause the fattest are reprooued for a good diet for that it cannot digest well through ouer much humidity And the olde Swine are most hard of concoction yea though they bee scorched or senged at the fire because therby is increased in their flesh much acrimony and sharpnesse which in the stomacke of man turneth into Choler for they bite all the vessels reaching to the stomacke making a deriuation of all those ill humours into the belly and other parts I do not like their opinion which thinke that it is better cold then hot for feare of inflammation this rule is good in the flesh of Goates which are exceeding whot but in Swyne where is no predominancy but of moysture it is better to eate them hot then cold euen as hot Milke is more wholesome then cold Hippocrates doth prescribe the eating of Swynes flesh in the sicknesse of the Spleene and Coelius Aurelianus forbiddeth the same in the palsie or falling sicknesse Galen is of opinion that Caro porcina potentissime nutrit nourisheth most strongly and potently whereof hee giueth an instance for a reason taken from Champions Combatants or Wrestlers if the day before they Wrestle or fight they feed on an equall quantity of any other flesh they feel themselues weak and feeble in comparison of that is gathered from Swyns flesh and this he saith may be tryed in labourers Myoners Diggers and Husbandmen which retaine their strength aswell if not better by eating of Swynes flesh or Bacon as any other meate For as Beefe in thicknesse and solidity of substance to the eyes appearance excelleth Porke or Bacon so Porke and Bacon excelleth and is preferred before Beefe for a clammy nourishing humour And this comparison betwixt Pork and Beefe Galen amplyfieth farther in these wordes Of Swines flesh those are best for men in their middle and ripe age which are of Hogges of aunswerable age and to other which are but growing to a ripenesse and perfection piggs Sheates and young growing Swyne are most nourishable And on the contrary young growing Oxen are most nourishable to men of perfect yeares and strength because an Oxe is of a far more dry temperament then a Hog A Goate is lesse dry then an Oxe and yet compared to a man or a Swyne it excelleth both of them for there is a great resemblance or similitude betwixt a mans flesh and Swines flesh which some haue proued in tast for they haue eaten of both at one Table and could find no difference in one from the other for some euill Inn-kepers and hoasts haue so deceiued men which continued a great while not descryed or punished vntill at last the finger of a man was mixed therewith and being found the Authours receiued their reward Swines flesh also is lesse excrementall then pigges flesh and therefore more nutrible for the moyster that the flesh is the sooner it is dispersed and the vertue of it auoided and olde swine notwithstanding their primitiue and naturall moisture yet grow very dry and their flesh is worst of al because in nature humidity helpeth the concoction thereof All swines flesh being concocted engendereth many good humors yet withal they ontaine a kind of glutinous humor which stoppeth the liuer and reins especially in those which by nature are apt to this infirmity And althogh some are of opinion that the wilde Bore is more norishable then the tame swine because of his laborous course of life and getting his prey yet it appeareth that the tame swine by their resty life and easie gathering of their meate are made more fit for nourishment of man for they are more moist and swines flesh without conuenient moisture which is many times wanting in wilde Bores is poison to the stomacke and yet for a man that hath propounded to himselfe a thin extenuating diet I would wish him to forbeare both the one and the other except he vse exercise and then he may eat the eares or the cheekes or the feet or the haslet if they be well sod or dressed prouided they be not fresh but sauced or powdred And it is no maruell that swines flesh shoulde so well agree with ours for it is apparant that they liue in dirt and loue to muddle in the same And if any man aske how it commeth to passe that swine which both feed and liue so filthily should be so norishable to the nature of man some make answere that by reason of their good constitution of body they turne ill nutriment to a good flesh for as men which be of a sounde perfect and healthy disposition or temperature are not hurt by a little euill meat which is hard of digestion euen so is it with well constituted and tempered swine by continuall feeding vpon euill things they grow not onely to no harme but also to a good estate because nature in processe of time draweth good out of euill But if men which haue moist stomackes do eat of swines flesh then do they suffer thereby great harme for as water powred vpon wet ground increaseth the dirt so moistnes put vpon a moist stomacke increaseth more feeblenesse but if a man of a dry and moist stomack do eate heereof it is like rain falling into a dry ground which begetteth and engendreth many wholesome frutes and hearbes And if a swine be fatted with dried figges or Nuts it is much more wholesome With wine all swines flesh is most nourishable and therefore the vniuersity of Salernum prescribed that in their verses to the king of England and also they commended their loynes and guts Ilia porcorum bona sunt mala sunt refequorum And Fiera describeth the eating of Hogs-flesh in this manner Sus tibi coenoso coena domesticus ore Grata ferat nobis mensa hyemalis aprum Ille licet currat de vertice montis aquosae Carnis erit pluri sed tamen aptacibo est Hinc feritas siluaeque domant inania saxa Post melius posita rusticitate sapit And whereas Hippocrates commended swines flesh for Champions or Combatants it is certaine that Bilis the Champion thorough eating of swines flesh fell to such a heighth of choller that he cast it vpwards and downwards When the wombe of a woman is vlcerated let her abstaine from all swines flesh especially the eldest and the youngest It is not good for any man to taste or eat this flesh in the Summer time
speedily deliuered without great paine and sildome or neuer suffering abortment and there is also a little bone found in the heart of euery one of these beastes which performeth the same qualities instead whereof they haue such a thinge to sell at Venice Aetuis holding it at a great price but Brasauola affirmeth that he opened the hearts of two Harts and found in them a little gristle not much vnlike to a crosse whereof the one being of a Beast new killed was very soft but the other was much harder because the beast was slain about six daies before This bone is in the left side of the Hart vpon which the Spleene moueth and sendeth forth her excrements by vapours which by reason of their drines are there turned into a bone and being firste of all of the substaunce of the Hartes bloode and it is good against the trembling of the Hart and the Haemorrhoides but this bone cannot bee found in any except he be killed betwixt the middle of August and the twelfth of September Plateriâ—s The skinny seed of the hind-Calfe is aboue all other commended against poison and the bitings of Serpents and of mad Dogges likewise it stayeth al fluxes of blood and spitting of blood and egestion of blood it being eaten with Beets and Lentils is profitable against the paine of the belly The genitall part and stones are wholsome being taken in wine against all bitings of Vipers Adders and Snakes and the same vertue hath the naturall seed supped vp in a rere Egge The genitall hath also a vertue to encrease lust in euery creature it being either dryed and drunke or else bounde fast to their priuy parts Likewise being washed in water and afterward dried to pouder and so drunk helpeth the chollick and the difficulty of making water if you put it into a little Triacle The dung of Harts cureth the dropsie especially of a Subulon or young Hart the vrine easeth the paine in the Spleene the wind in the ventricle and bowels and infvsed into the eares healeth their vlcers In the tip of the taile lieth poyson which being drunke causeth extasie and death if it be not holpe by a vomit made of Butter Annise and oyle of Sesamine or as Cardinall Ponzettus saith that the Harts eie is an Antidote to this euill It may be knowne by a yellowish-greene-colour and therefore it is called the gall for nature hath appointed that place to receiue all the venome of the whole Bodie Of the hunting and taking these beasts I should heere end the discourse of this beast after the method already obserued in the precedents but seeing the manner of the taking heereof being a sport for princes hath yet bin touched but very little it shall not be tedious vnto me to abstaine from the necessary relation of the subsequent stories for the delightfull narration of the hunting of the Hart to the end that as the former treatise hath but taught how to know a Birde in a bush that which insueth may declare the seueral waies of catching and bringing the same to hand This is a beast standing amazed at euery strange sight euen at the hunters bow and Arrowe comming behind a stalking Horsse as is already declared and moreouer like as the Roes are deceiued by the hissing of a leafe in the mouth of the hunter so also is this Beast for while she harkeneth to a straunge noyse imitating the cry of a Hind-Calfe and proceeding from one man shee receiueth a deadly stroke by the other so also if they heare any musicall pipings they stand still to their owne destruction for which cause the Egyptians decipher a man ouerthrowne by slattery by painting a Hart taken by musick and Varro relateth vpon his own knowledge Horus Aâ— hiâ— ogliâ—â—â—â—ll emblem that when he supped in his Lordship bought of M. Piso the Pastour or Forrester after supper tooke but a Harpe in his hande and at the sound thereof at innumerable flocke of Harts Boares and other fourefooted beasts came about their Cabanet being drawne thither onely by the Musicke insomuch as he thought he had beene in the Romane Circus or Theater beholding the playing spectacles of all the Affrican beasts when the aedilian Officers haue their huntings The like is also reported by Aelianus sauing that he addeth that no toyle or engine is so assured or vnauoidable to draw these beasts within a laborinth as is musicke whereby the Hunter getteth as it were the Hart by the eare for if through attention he hold downe his eares as he doth in musicke he distrusteth no harme but if once he prick vp his eares as he commonly doth being chased by men and dogges an infinite labour will not be sufficient to ouer take and compasse him Aelianus It is reported that they are much terified with the sight of red feathers which thing is affirmed by Ausonius in these verses An cum fratre vagos dumeta perauia ceruos Circundas maculis multa indagine pennae And Ouid also saying Nâ—c formidatis ceruos includite pennis And Lucan also Sic dum pauidos formidine ceruos Claudat odoratae metuentes aera pennae Of which thing the Hunters make an aduantage for when they haue found the beast they set their nettes where they imagine the beast will flie and then one of them sheweth to the beast on the other side Zenophonâ— the red feathers hanging on a rope which scarreth them in hast into the Hunters nettes as S. Ierom testifieth in one of his dialogues saying Et pauidorum more ceruorum dum vanos pennarum euitatis volatus fortissimis retibus implicamini And you sayth he speaking to the Luceferian heretickes runne away from the vaine shaking of feathers like the fearefull Harts while in the meane time you are inclapsed in vnauoidable and inextricable nets And this caused Seneca to write that the babe feareth a shadow Vmbria metaiter ab infaucibus a feris rubeus penna and wilde beasts a red feather Many times the young Calfe is the cause of the taking of his damme for the Hunter early in the morning before day light watcheth the Hinde where shee layeth her young one vntill she goe and refresh her selfe with pasture when he hath seene this then doeth he let loose his Dogs and maketh to the place where the Hinde Calfe was lefte by his mother The seely Calfe lyeth immoueable as if hee were fastened to the earth and so neuer stirring but bleating and braying suffereth himselfe to bee taken except there be rainie weather for the impatience of colde and wette will cause him to shift for himselfe which if it fall out the Dogges are at hand to ouertake him and so being taken is committed to the keeper of the nettes The Hinde both hearing seeing the thrâ—ldome of her pore sonne commeth to relieue him without dread of hounde or Hunter but all in vaine for with his darte hee also possesseth himselfe of her but if the
in which place they feede fiue hundred Mares which belong vnto their King The Misaean horses written with Iota and simple Sigma as Eustathius writeth are the most excellent and best some say that they haue their generation from Germanie others out of Armenia but they haue a certaine kind of shape like the Parthians In India most of their liuing creatures are far greater then in other places except horses for the Misaean horsses do exceede the Indian horsses as Herodotus writeth in his seauenth booke describing the Persian horsse Behind the speares saith he came ten Horses in most sumptuous furniture which were Nisaeans so called because there is a great field named Nisaeus in the countrey of Medica which yeeldeth horsses of a great stature After these followed Iupiters chariot drawne with eight horsses after which Xerxes was caried in a chariot drawne by Nisaean horsses and by how much the greater the Lybian Elephant is then the Nisaean horsse so much greater are the Nisaean horsses then the Indian as the same man saieth in his first booke but the king was about to offer a white horse that is of the Nisaean horses hauing a better marke as some expounded There are that say that Nisaeus is a plane of Persis where the most famous and notable horsses are bred Some interpret it to they yellow Nisaean horsse because all the horsses of Nisaean are of this colour Betweene Susinax and Bactria there is a place which the Greeks call Nisos in which the most singular fine horsses are bred There are also that suppose they are had from the red sea and al those to be of a yellow colour Herodotus writinge of Nisaeus maketh it a part of Media Orpheus also writeth that there is a place in the red Sea called Nisa Stephanus also maketh mention of Nysaean Pedion with the Medes of which people the horsses are so called Coelius Rhodiginus reproued a certaine man which translanted the Islandish horsses for the Nisaean horsses Plutarchis saith that Pirrhus had an apparition of a Nisaean horsse armed and furnished with a rider that Alexander the great was captaine thereof The Medes haue Colts of a most noble kind of horsses which as auncient writers do teach vs and as we our selues haue seene men when they beginne the battell with a fierce encounter are wont to prance valiantly which are called Nisaean horses Touching the Paphlagonians about the education of their horsses see more among the Venetians The Parthian horses are of a large body couragious of a gentle kinde and most sound of their feet Concerning those horsses which haue but one eye commended among the Parthians and of those which are distinguished by diuersitie of colors from those that come forth first I haue spoke already out of Absyrtus The Armenian and Parthian horsses are of a swifter pace then the Siculians and the Iberi swifter then the Parthians whereof Gratius writeth to this effect Scilicit Parthis inter sua mollia rura Musit honor veniat Caudini saxa Taburni Gargamdue trucem aut ligurinas de super Alpes Ante opus excussis caedet vnguibus tamen illi Estanimus funget que meas senissus in artes Sed iuxta vitium posuit Deus That is to say among the Parthians there hath remained honor for their soft Countries but let him come to the Rockes of Caudmus Tabernus and too rough Garganus or vppon the Ligurian Alpes then he will quickly shake off his hooues and make a shew of great valiantnes The horses of the Celtibarians are somwhat white and if they may be brought into Spaine they change their colour But the Parthians are alike for they excell all others in nimblenes and dexterity of running How the Parthians do make their pace easie in the trotters and hard footing horsses after the manner of geldings shall bee declared afterwards for persia preferreth these horsses aboue the censure of their patrimonies aswell to cary hauing an easie pace and being of most excellent dignity As for their pace it is thicke and short and he doth delight and lift vp the rider being not instructed by art but effecteth it by nature Amongst these ambling nagges called of the Latines among the common sort Totonarij their pace is indifferent and whereas they are not alike they are supposed to haue something common from both as it hath bin prooued whereof Vegetius writeth in this manner In a short iourny they haue the more comelines and grace in going but when they trauel far they are impatient stuborn and vnles they be tamed wil be stuborn against the rider and that which is a more greater maruell when they are chafed they are of a delightfull comelines their necke turneth in manner of a bow that is seemeth to lie on their brest The Pharsalian mares euermore bring foales very like their Syre and therfore very well so named Equae probae we read of the Phasian horsses which receiue their name from the the marke or brand of a bird so named or else because of their excellent beauty and comlinesse The Rosean horsses Varro so nameth of Rosea which Volatteranus writeth to be most fit for war Coelius and this Rosea otherwise Roscea Festus saith that it is a country in the the coasts of the Reatiens so called because the fields are said to be moist with that dew The horsses of Sacae if they happen to throw down their rider they forthwith stand stil that they may get vp againe Vegetius hauing commended the Persian horsses saith that the Armenians and Sapharens do follow next Aelianus This Saphirine verily is an Island in the Arabian coast and the people of Sapiria lie beside Pontus The horses of Epirota Salmarica and Dalmatia althogh they wil not abide to be bridled yet they snew that they are warlicke by their legs Vegetius The Sardinian horsses are nimble and fair but lesser then others The Sarmatican kinde of horsses is feat and wel fashioned in this kind very fit for running vnmixt hauing a wel seâ— body a strong head and a comely necke Some horsses they cal Aetogenes from a certaine marke which they haue in their shoulders and colour which the Sarmatians doe take vnto themselues as very good with which they doe contend about their cruelty wherefore they imploy them in warlicke outrodes but those that beare the Eagles marke in their buttockes and taile they are disallowed of them and they report that they marke them so because they wil not vse them by reason least the rider shold quickly be destroyed or run into some trouble Pliny The Sarmatians when they entend any long iourneyes the day before they keepe them fasting giuing them a little drinke and so they wil ride them a hundered and fifty miles continually going These horsses are very fit for war and many of them are sounde gelded in ther tender age and they say they neuer loose their teeth It is a custome of Scythia and Sarmatia to geld their horsses
taken into Troy except the gates were pulled downe and this they placed hard to the wals of Troy Sinon the counterfet runagat being then within the wals among the Troyans perswaded them to pull downe their wals and pul in that wooden horsse affirming that if they could get it Pallas would stand so friendly to them that the Graecians should neuer be able to mooue warre against them wherefore they pull downe their gates and part of their wall and by that meanes do bring the horsse into the citty while the Troyans were thus reuelling and making merry with themselues and not thinking of any harme might ensue vpon them the leaders of the Graecian army who by deceit all this while kept themselues close hid euer since which time the Graecians are tearmed of all nations deceitfull on a suddaine rose out of their lurking places and so going forward inuaded the citty being destitute of any defence and by this meanes subdewed it Others are of opinion that the poets fiction of the Troyan horsse was no other but this that there was a mountaine neare Troy called Equus and by aduantage thereof Troy was taken whereunto Virgill seemeth to alude saying Instar montis Equum diuina Palladis arte Aedificant For they saie that Pallas and Epeus made the horsse and therefore I coniecture that the Troian horsse was nothing else but an engine of war like vnto that which is called Aries For Pausanias saith that Epeus was the inuenter thereof And Higintas saith that the Troyan horsse was Machina oppugnatoira a deuise of war to ouerthrow the wals Of this horsse there was a brazen image at Athens in Acropolis with this inscription Chaeridemus Fuangeli filius caelenenatus dicauit When Alexander looked vpon his own picture at Ephesus which Apelles had drawne with all his skill the king did not commend it according to the worth thereof It fortuned that a horsse was brought into the roome who presentlie neighed at the picture of Alexanders horsse smelling vnto it as to a liuing horsse where at Apelles spake thus to the king Ho men Hippos eoice sou graphicoteros Cata polu That is to say the horsse is a better discerner of truth then you There was one Phormis which went from Maenalus in Arcadia into Scicilia to serue Gelon the Sonne of Dinomenes vnder whom and his brother Hiero he arose to great estate of wealth and therefore he gaue many guifts to Apollo at Delphos and made two brazen horsses with their riders at Olympia setting Dionisius the Graecian vpon one and Simon Egenenta vpon the other Aemilius Censorinus a cruel Tirant in Scicilia bestowed great gifts vpon such as could inuent new kind of Torments there was one Aruntius Paterculus hoping to receiue from him some great reward made a brazen horsse and presented it to the Tirant to include therein such as he should condemne to death at the receipt whereof Aemilius which was neuer iust before first of all put the author into it that he might take experience how cursed a thing it was to minister vnto crueltie Apelles also painted Clytus on horsse-backe hastening to war and his armour bearer reaching his helmet vnto him so liuely that other dumb beasts were affraid of his horsse And excellent was the skil of Nealces who had so pictured a horsse foaming that the beholders were wont to take their handkerchefs to wipe it from his mouth and thus much for the morrall vses of horsses Of the seuerall diseases of Horsses and their cures SEeing in this discourse I haue principally aymed at the pleasure delight and profitte of Englishmen I haue thought good to discource of the diseases of horsses and their cures in the words of our owne countrymen M. Blundevile and M. Markham whose works of these matters are to be recorded like the Illiads of Homer in many places and seuerall Monumentes to the the entent that enuy or Barbarisme may neuer be able to burie them in obliuion or neglect to root them out of the world without the losse of other memorable labors Wherefore good Reader for the ensuing Tractate of diseases and cure compiled by them after that I had read ouer the labors of C. Gesner and compared it with them finding nothing of substance in him which is not more materially perspicuously profitably and familiarly either extracted or expressed by them in a method most fitting this Hystory I haue thoght good to follow theÌ„ in the description of the disease and the remedy first according to time declaring them in the words of M. Blund and afterwards in the words of M. Markam methodically one after the other in the same place wherwithal I trust the liuing authors will not be displeased that so you may with one labour examin both and I hope that neither they nor any of their friends or Schollers shall receiue any iuste cause of offence by adding this part of their studies to our labors neither their bookes imprinted be any way disgraced or hindered but rather reuiued renobled and honoured To beginne therefore saith Maister Blundeuill after the discourse of the nature of a horsse followeth those things which are against nature the knowledge whereof is as need fully profitable as the other Things against nature be those whereby the heathfull estate of a horsse-body is decayed which are in number three That is the causes the sicknes and the accidentes of the two first in order and the other promiscuously as neede requireth Of causes and kinds thereof THe causes of sickenes be vnnaturall affects or euill dispositions preceding sicknesse and prouoking the same which of themselues do not hinder the actions of the bodye but by meanes of sicknesse comming betwixt Blundevile Of causes some be called internal and some Externall Internall be those that breede within the body of the beast as euill iuice Externall be those that chance outwardly to the body as heat cold or the stinging of a Serpent and such like In knowing the cause of euery disease consisteth the chiefe skill of the Ferrer For vnlesse he knoweth the cause of the disease it is impossible for him to cure it wel and skilfully And therefore I wish al Ferrers to be diligent in seeking to know the causes of all diseases as wel in the parts similer as instrumentall and to know whether such causes be simple or compound for as they be simple or compound so do they engender simple or compound diseases Of sicknesse what it is and how many generall kinds there be also with what order the diseases of Horsses are heerein declared And finally of the foure times belonging to euery sicknesse SIcknes is an euill affect contrary to nature hindring of it selfe some action of the body Of sickenes there be three generall kindes whereof the firste consisteth in the parts simyler the second in the parts instrumental and the third in both parts togither The first kind is called of the Latines Intemperâ—es that is to say euill temperature which is
owne hooues beaten into powder and mingled with wine and powred into his right nostril will make him to stale if you chafe him vpon it and the rather as Hierocles saith if you carry him to some sheepes coat or other place where sheepe are wont to stand the smel of whose dung and pisse without any other medicine as he saith will prouoke him to stale Some will giue the horsse white Dogges dung dried and mingled with salt wine and Amoniacum to drinke some hogges dunge onely with Wine and some the dregges of horse-pisse with wine and many other medicines which I leaue to rehearse for feare of being too tedious and especially sith Martins experience doeth follow heere at hand agreeing in all points with Laurentius Russius cure which is in this sort First draw out his yard and wash it well in white wine and scoure it well because it will be many times stopped with durt and other baggage togither and hardned like a stone and then put a little oile of Cammomile into the conduit with a wax candle and a brused cloue of Garlick and that will prouoke him to stale And if that will not helpe Take of Parsly two handfuls of Coriander one handfull stampe them and straine them with a quart of white wine and dissolue therein one ounce of cake-Sope and giue it luke warme vnto the horse to drinke and keepe him as warme as may be and let him drinke no cold water for the space of fiue or six dayes and when you would haue him to stale let it be eyther vpon plenty of strawe or vpon some greene plot or els in a sheeps coat the sauor whereof wil greatly prouoke him to stale as hath bin aforesaid Of pissing blood PElagonius saith that if a horse be ouermuch laboured or ouercharged with heauy burthen or ouer fat he will many times pisse blood and the rather as I thinke for that some vaine is broken within the horses body and then cleere blood will come forth many times as the Physitians say without any pisse at all But if the blood be perfectly mingled togither with his stale then it is a signe that it commeth from the kidnies hauing some stone therein which through vehement labour doeth fret the kidnies and vaines thereof and so cause them to bleed through which while the vrine passeth must needs be infected and died with the blood It may come also by some stripe or from the muscle that incloseth the necke of the bladder The cure according to Pelagonius Absirtus Hierocles and the rest is thus Let the horse blood in the palate of the mouth to conuert the blood the contrary way then take of Tragagant that hath been steeped in wine halfe an ounce and of Poppy seede one dram and once scruple and of Stirax as much and twelue Pineaple kirnels let all these things be beaten and mingled wel togither and giue the horse thereof euery morning the space of seauen daies the quantity of a hasell-nut distempered in a quart of wine methinkes that the quantity of a Walnut were too little for so much wine Some write that it is good to make him a drinke with the root of the hearbe Asphopelus which some call Daffadil mingled with wheat flower and Sumach sodden long in water and so to bee giuen the horse with some wine added thereunto or make him a drinke of Goats milk and oile straining thereunto a little Fromenty Anatolius saith that it good to giue the horse three daies togither sodden beanes cleane pilled whereunto would be added some Deeres sewet and a little wine Of the Colt euill Blundevile THis name Colt euil in my iudgement doeth properly signifie that disease which the physitians cal Priapismus which is a continual standing together with an vnnatural swelling of the yarde proceeding of some winde filling the artires and hollow sinnew or pipe of the yard or else through the abundance of seed which do chance oftentimes to man and I think sometime to stoned horses Notwithstanding Martin saith that the colt euil is a swelling of the sheathe of the yard and part of the belly thereabout caused of corrupt seed comming out of the yard and remaining within the sheath where it putrifieth And geldings most commonly are subiect to this disease not being able for lacke of natural heat to expel their seed any further For horses as Martin saith are sieldome troubled with this disease because of their heat vnlesse it be when they haue beene ouer trauailed or otherwise weakened The cure according to him is thus Wash the sheath cleane within with Luke-warme Vineger then draw out his yard and wash that also that done ride him into some running streame vppe to the belly tossing him therein too and fro to alay the heat of the members and vse him thus two or three daies and hee shal be whole Another of the Colt euill THe Colt euill is a disease that commeth to stoned horses through rankenes of nature and want of vent it appeareth in his cod and sheathe which wil swell exceedingly Markham the cure is nothing for if you wil but euery day twice or thrice driue him to the mid-side in some Pond or running riuer the swelling will fall and the horse wil doe wel If the horse be of yeeres and troubled with this griefe if you put him to a Mare it is not amisse for standing stil in a stable without exercise is a great occasion of this disease Of the mattering of the yard IT commeth at couering time when the horse and mare both are ouer-hot and so perhaps burne themselues The cure according to Martin is thus Take a pinte of white wine and boile therein a quarterne of roche Alome and squirt thereof into his yarde three or foure squirtfuls one after another and thrust the squirt so far as the liquor may pierce to the bottome to scowre away the bloody matter continuing thus to do once a day vntil he be whole Of the shedding of seed THis disease is called of the Physitians Gonorrhea Blundevile which may come sometime thorough aboundance and rankenesse of seed and sometime by the weakenes of the stones and seed vessels not able to retaine the seed vntill it be digested and thickned Vegetius saith that this disease will make the horse very faint and weake and especially in Summer season For cure whereof the said Vegetius would haue the horse to be ridden into some cold water euen vp to the belly so as his stones may bee couered in water and then his fundament being first bathed with warme water and oile he would haue you to thrust in your hand and arme euen to the very bladder and softly to rubbe and claw the same and the parts thereabouts which be the seed vessels that done to couer him warm that he take no cold and euery day he woulde haue you to giue the horse hogges dung to drinke with red wine vntil he be whole I for my part if I
Although about this matter there be sundry opinions of men some making question whether it be true that the Lyon will spare a prostrate suppliant making confession vnto him that hee is ouercome yet the Romans did so generally beleeue it that they caused to be inscribed so much vpon the gates of the great Roman pallace in these two verses Iratus recolas Textor quam nobilis ira leonis In sibi prostratos se negat esse feram It is reported also that if a man and another beast be offered at one time to a lyon to take his choice Albertus whether of both he will deuoure he spareth the man and killeth the other beast These lions are not onely thus naturally affected but are enforced thereunto by chance and accidentall harmes As may appeare by these examples following Mentor the Syracusan as he trauailed in Syria met with a Lyon that at his first sight fell prostrate vnto him roling himselfe vpon the earth like some distressed creature whereat the man was much amazed and not vnderstanding the meaning of this beast he indeauored to run away the beaste still ouertooke him and met him in the face licking his footstepes like a flatterer shewed him his heele wherein hee did perceiue a certaine swelling whereat hee tooke a good heart going vnto the Lyon tooke him by the legge and seeing a splint sticking therein hee pulled it forth so deliuering the Beast from paine for the memory of this fact the picture of the man and the Lyon were both pictured together in Syracusis vntill Plynies time as hee reporteth The like story is reported of Elpis the Samian who comming into Affricke by shippe and there goyng a shore had not walked very far on the land but he met with a gaping lyon at which being greatly amazed he climbed vp into a tree forasmuch as there was no hope of any other flight and prayed vnto Bacchus who in that Countrey is esteemed as chiefe of the Gods to defend him as hee thoght from the iaws of death but the lion seeing him to climb into the tree stood stil and layed himselfe downe at the roote thereof desiring him in a manner by his heauy roaring to take pitty vppon him gaping with his mouth and shewing him a bone sticking in his teeth which through greedinesse he swallowed which did so paine him that he could eate nothing at the last the man perceiuing his mind moued by a miracle layed aside all feare and came downe to the dumbe-speaking distressed Lyon and eased him of that misery which being performed he not onely shewed himselfe thankefull for the present time but like the best natured honest man neuer forsooke shore Pliny but once a day came to shew himself to the man his helper during the time that they abode in those quarters therefore Elpis did afterward dedicate a temple vnto Bacchus in remembrance thereof And this seemeth to me most woonderfull that Lyons should know the vertue of mens curing hands aboue other creatures also come vnto them against nature kind but so much is the force of euil pain that it altereth al courses of sauage minds and creatures When Androcles a seruant ranne away from a Senator of Rome Aelianus Gellius because he had committed some offence but what his offence was I know not and came into Affrica leauing the Citties and places inhabited to come into a desert region Afterward when Androcles had obtained a maister being Consull of that prouince of Affrica A notable story of a Lyon hee was compelled by daily stripes to run away that his sides might bee free from the blowes of his maister and went into the solitary places of the fieldes and the sandes of the wildernesse and if hee should happen to stand in neede of meat he did purpose to end his life by some meanes or other and there hee was so scortched with the heate of the sunne that at last finding out a caue he did couer himselfe from the heate of it therein and this caue was a lyons den But after that the lyon had returned from hunting being very much pained by reason of a Thorne which was fastened in the bottom of his foote vttered forth such great lamentation and pittifull roaringes by reason of his wound as that it should seeme hee did want some body to make his moane vnto for remedy at last comming to his caue and finding a young man hid therein hee gently looked vpon him and began as it were to flatter him and offered him his foote and did as well as hee could pray him to pull out the peece of splint which was there fastened But the man at the first was very sore afraid of him and made no other reckoning but of death but after that he saw such a huge sauage beast so meeke and gentle beganne to thinke with himselfe that surely there was some sore on the bottom of the foote of the beast because he lifted vp his foote so vnto him and then taking courage vnto him Gellius lifted vppe the lyons foot and found in the bottom of it a great peece of splint which he plucked forth and so by that meanes eased the lyon of her paine and pressed forth the matter which was in the wound and did very curiously without any great feare throughly dry it and wipe away the bloud the lyon being eased of his paine laide himselfe downe to rest putting his foot into the hands of Androcles With the which cure the lion being very wel pleased because he handled him so curtiously and friendly not onely gaue him for a recompence his life but also went daily abroad to forrage and brought home the fattest of his prey Androcles whom all this while euen for the space of three yeares he kept familiarly without any note of cruelty or euill nature in his den and there the man and the beast liued mutually at one commons the man roasting his meate in the whot sun and the lyon eating his part raw according to kinde When he had thus liued by the space of three yeares and grew weary of such a habitation life and society he bethought himselfe of some meanes to depart and therfore on a day when the lion was gone abroad to hunting the man tooke his iourny away from that hospitality and after he had trauailed three daies wandering vp and down he was apprehended by the legionary souldiers to whom he told his long life and habitation with the lyon and how he ranne away from his maister a senator of Rome which when they vnderstood they also sent him home againe to Rome to the Senator And being receiued by his maister he was guilty of so great and foule faults that he was condemned to death and the manner of his death was to be torne in peeces of Wilde beasts Now there were at Rome in those daies many great fearefull cruell and rauening beastes and among them many Lyons it fortuned also that shortly