Selected quad for the lemma: nature_n
Text snippets containing the quad
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A01231
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The lavviers logike exemplifying the præcepts of logike by the practise of the common lawe, by Abraham Fraunce.
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Fraunce, Abraham, fl. 1587-1633.; Ramus, Petrus, 1515-1572. Dialecticae libri duo.
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1588
(1588)
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STC 11344; ESTC S102621
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196,200
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330
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the_o whole_a art_n of_o logic_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o the_o like_a in_o those_o latin_a word_n disserere_fw-la and_o disputare_fw-la be_v in_o art_n a_o art_n be_v a_o methodical_a disposition_n of_o true_a and_o coherent_a precept_n for_o the_o more_o easy_a perceive_v and_o better_a remember_v of_o the_o same_o and_o this_o methodical_a or_o orderly_a disposition_n of_o diverse_a precept_n be_v teach_v in_o logic_n as_o pertain_v essential_o thereunto_o so_o that_o logic_n be_v deserve_o call_v the_o art_n of_o art_n the_o iustrument_n of_o instrument_n the_o hand_n of_o philosophy_n because_o by_o the_o help_n thereof_o not_o only_o the_o ground_n of_o natural_a reason_n be_v artificial_o put_v down_o but_o all_o other_o art_n also_o be_v make_v to_o be_v art_n as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o show_v when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o the_o due_a explication_n of_o method_n it_o be_v therefore_o say_v here_o that_o logic_n be_v a_o art_n to_o distinguish_v artificial_a logic_n from_o natural_a reason_n artificial_a logic_n be_v gather_v out_o of_o diverse_a example_n of_o natural_a reason_n which_o be_v not_o any_o art_n of_o logic_n but_o that_o engrave_v gift_n and_o faculty_n of_o wit_n and_o reason_n shine_v in_o the_o particular_a discourse_n of_o several_a man_n whereby_o they_o both_o invent_v and_o orderly_o dispose_v thereby_o to_o judge_v of_o that_o they_o have_v invent_v this_o as_o it_o be_v to_o no_o man_n give_v in_o full_a perfection_n so_o diverse_a have_v it_o in_o sundry_a measure_n and_o because_o the_o true_a note_n and_o token_n resemble_v nature_n must_v be_v esteem_v by_o the_o most_o excellent_a nature_n therefore_o the_o precept_n of_o artificial_a logic_n both_o first_o be_v collect_v out_o of_o and_o always_o must_v be_v conformable_a unto_o those_o spark_n of_o natural_a reason_n not_o lurk_v in_o the_o obscure_a head-péece_n of_o one_o or_o two_o loiter_a friar_n but_o manifest_o appear_v in_o the_o monument_n and_o disputation_n of_o excellent_a autor_n and_o then_o be_v this_o logic_n of_o art_n more_o certain_a than_o that_o of_o nature_n because_o of_o many_o particular_n in_o nature_n a_o general_a and_o unfallible_a constitution_n of_o logic_n be_v put_v down_o in_o art_n so_o that_o art_n which_o first_o be_v but_o the_o scholar_n of_o nature_n be_v now_o become_v the_o maystres_n of_o nature_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o glass_n wherein_o she_o see_v and_o view_v herself_o may_v wash_v out_o those_o spot_v and_o blemish_n of_o natural_a imperfection_n for_o there_o be_v no_o one_o particular_a nature_n so_o constant_a and_o absolute_a but_o by_o examine_v and_o peruse_v she_o own_o force_n she_o may_v be_v better_v no_o nature_n so_o weak_a and_o imperfect_a which_o by_o the_o help_n of_o art_n be_v not_o confirm_v hottoman_n in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n have_v these_o word_n estne_v igitur_fw-la dialectica_fw-la quaedam_fw-la naturalis_fw-la quaedam_fw-la artificiosa_fw-la nequa_fw-la quam_fw-la sed_fw-la eius_fw-la initia_fw-la &_o semina_fw-la quaedam_fw-la in_o hominum_fw-la mentibus_fw-la natura_fw-la ingeneravit_fw-la quae_fw-la cum_fw-la praeceptis_fw-la ac_fw-la disciplina_fw-la tùm_fw-la usu_fw-la &_o assiduitate_fw-la excoluntur_fw-la eademque_fw-la cum_fw-la aliarum_fw-la artium_fw-la omnium_fw-la tùm_fw-la praecipuè_fw-la musicae_fw-la ratio_fw-la est_fw-la nam_fw-la omnibus_fw-la a_o natura_fw-la rudis_fw-la quaedam_fw-la canendi_fw-la facultas_fw-la data_fw-la est_fw-la ab_fw-la arte_fw-la vero_fw-la quam_fw-la naturae_fw-la notatio_fw-la atque_fw-la animaduersio_fw-la peperit_fw-la certa_fw-la ratio_fw-la traditur_fw-la non_fw-la enim_fw-la ars_fw-la naturam_fw-la imitatur_fw-la tantummodò_fw-la verumetiam_fw-la ut_fw-la veteres_fw-la docuerunt_fw-la confirmat_fw-la &_o amplificat_fw-la causamque_fw-la cur_n quidque_fw-la vel_fw-la hoc_fw-la vel_fw-la illo_fw-la modo_fw-la fieri_fw-la debeat_fw-la reddit_fw-la quod_fw-la praestare_fw-la natura_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la eaque_fw-la sola_fw-la re_fw-la artifex_fw-la ab_fw-la inscio_fw-la discernitur_fw-la wasserleider_n therefore_o in_o seek_v to_o reform_v ramus_n his_o logic_n bewray_v his_o own_o ignorance_n for_o have_v first_o general_o define_v logic_n to_o be_v a_o art_n he_o afterwards_o divide_v it_o into_o natural_a logic_n and_o artificial_a as_o though_o the_o natural_a faculty_n of_o reason_n be_v a_o art_n of_o reason_v which_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o reason_n and_o include_v in_o itself_o a_o manifest_a contradiction_n to_o conclude_v this_o point_n there_o ought_v nothing_o to_o be_v put_v down_o in_o art_n whereof_o there_o be_v no_o ground_n in_o nature_n for_o ars_fw-la imitari_fw-la debet_fw-la naturam_fw-la and_o as_o that_o painter_n be_v most_o cunning_a who_o can_v most_o lively_o express_v his_o face_n who_o counterfeit_n he_o be_v to_o draw_v so_o he_o that_o teach_v logic_n must_v set_v forth_o no_o idle_a conceit_n of_o extravagant_a brain_n but_o the_o true_a use_n of_o natural_a reason_n and_o understanding_n which_o be_v a_o necessary_a confutation_n of_o that_o absurdity_n maintain_v by_o logician_n and_o invent_v in_o cloister_n that_o ficta_fw-la yea_o falsa_fw-la exempla_fw-la be_v good_a enough_o to_o make_v precept_n plain_a whereas_o plato_n in_o theaeteto_n call_v example_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sponsores_fw-la &_o praedes_fw-la rationes_fw-la tanquam_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n fideiussum_fw-la persolueretur_fw-la and_o aristotle_n in_o the_o eight_o of_o his_o topike_n require_v such_o example_n as_o homer_n can_v afford_v not_o such_o as_o the_o pelt_a poet_n chaerilus_n do_v invent_v of_o reason_v this_o our_o english_a word_n reason_v be_v more_o proper_a and_o fit_a to_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o logic_n then_o either_o that_o other_o word_n of_o dispute_v derive_v from_o disputare_fw-la or_o the_o like_a as_o disserere_fw-la and_o docere_fw-la use_v of_o cicero_n and_o melanchton_n although_o i_o know_v that_o beurehusius_fw-la stand_v in_o defence_n of_o these_o word_n disserere_fw-la and_o disputare_fw-la which_o ramus_n also_o use_v and_o i_o be_o not_o much_o to_o mislike_v they_o in_o respect_n of_o any_o other_o latin_a word_n yet_o not_o altogether_o to_o compare_v they_o with_o this_o our_o english_a word_n of_o reason_v for_o the_o word_n dispute_v which_o come_v of_o disputare_fw-la it_o be_v metaphorical_a as_o varro_n report_v and_o so_o be_v disserere_fw-la the_o one_o be_v borrow_v of_o the_o uinemayster_n the_o other_o fetch_v from_o the_o sour_a for_o as_o the_o first_o cut_v off_o superfluous_a branch_n in_o his_o uine_n which_o be_v proper_o disputare_fw-la so_o the_o other_o disperse_v his_o seed_n in_o diverse_a place_n and_o not_o confuse_o throw_v all_o on_o one_o heap_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a signification_n of_o this_o word_n disserere_fw-la now_o because_o the_o logician_n cut_v of_o all_o idle_a and_o unnecessary_a curiosity_n whereof_o there_o be_v no_o use_n in_o reason_v sever_v truth_n from_o falsehood_n that_o which_o follow_v from_o that_o which_o follow_v not_o order_n from_o confusion_n and_o handle_v diverse_a argument_n and_o axiom_n in_o diverse_a place_n distinct_o not_o every_o thing_n in_o every_o place_n disorderly_a therefore_o have_v he_o friendly_a presume_v upon_o the_o good_a nature_n of_o these_o two_o countryman_n in_o use_v their_o word_n of_o husbandry_n to_o express_v a_o more_o elegant_a conceit_n although_o at_o the_o first_o not_o proper_o yet_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n so_o convenient_o as_o that_o the_o metaphorical_a sense_n be_v now_o better_o know_v than_o the_o natural_a signification_n yet_o for_o that_o both_o these_o rehearse_v property_n of_o logic_n be_v rather_o particular_a function_n of_o method_n than_o general_a operation_n of_o the_o whole_a art_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o word_n dispute_v with_o his_o original_n disputare_fw-la and_o that_o disserere_fw-la if_o you_o respect_v the_o natural_a signification_n thereof_o can_v express_v the_o whole_a nature_n of_o logic_n although_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o ramus_n and_o his_o interpreter_n beurhusius_n apply_v these_o word_n to_o the_o general_a use_n of_o this_o art_n not_o restrain_v they_o to_o those_o two_o function_n belong_v to_o method_n who_o judgement_n as_o use_n allow_v so_o i_o do_v not_o reject_v yet_o by_o their_o leave_n leave_v their_o latin_a word_n behind_o our_o english_a melanchton_n use_v this_o word_n docere_fw-la docere_fw-la be_v to_o teach_v and_o logic_n be_v a_o art_n of_o teach_v but_o then_o mark_v what_o i_o mean_v by_o teach_v for_o you_o must_v not_o restrain_v the_o signification_n of_o it_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o though_o there_o be_v no_o teach_n but_o only_o in_o school_n among_o philosopher_n and_o schoolmaster_n or_o in_o pulpit_n among_o doctor_n and_o divine_n but_o general_o he_o teach_v whosoever_o make_v any_o other_o man_n know_v that_o whereof_o before_o he_o be_v ignorant_a whether_o he_o do_v it_o by_o explication_n and_o illustration_n or_o proof_n and_o conclusion_n and_o thus_o if_o we_o take_v this_o word_n docere_fw-la it_o be_v somewhat_o more_o
roy_fw-fr per_fw-la luy_fw-fr appoint_v et_fw-fr n'ad_n ascun_fw-fr profit_n mes_fw-fr solement_n allowance_n pur_fw-mi son_n labour_n s._n les_fw-fr fee_n usual_a pur_fw-mi le_fw-fr execution_n deal_v brief_n et_fw-la si_fw-la auter_n serve_v les_fw-fr brief_n le_fw-fr viscount_n ne_fw-fr perde_o riens_fw-la car_fw-fr il_fw-fr ne_fw-fr priest_n ascun_fw-fr labour_n et_fw-la issint_fw-la si_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr change_n son_fw-fr officer_n n'est_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr tort_fw-fr faith_n all_o officer_n et_fw-la issint_fw-la il_fw-fr ne_fw-fr poet_n este_fw-la semble_fw-fr a_fw-fr les_fw-fr auter_n case_n so_o much_o of_o quality_n annotation_n dissimilitudinis_fw-la explicatae_fw-la redditio_fw-la hîc_fw-la appellatur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dissimilis_fw-la redditio_fw-la ramus_n the_o difference_n between_o argument_n unlike_a and_o argument_n diverse_a be_v that_o in_o diverse_a the_o simple_a and_o absolute_a disagrée_v of_o two_o thing_n be_v consider_v but_o in_o unlyke_a argument_n the_o unlike_a comparison_n of_o four_o term_n that_o be_v of_o two_o thing_n and_o the_o two_o quality_n of_o the_o same_o in_o diverse_a we_o affirm_v the_o one_o and_o deny_v the_o other_o after_o a_o certain_a manner_n in_o unlyke_n we_o deny_v neither_o but_o only_o distinguish_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o by_o the_o difference_n in_o quality_n so_o that_o all_o disagréeable_a argument_n may_v be_v handle_v as_o unlyke_a if_o the_o diverse_a quality_n he_o respect_v canon_n of_o unlike_n there_o be_v unlike_a reason_n unlike_n agree_v with_o unlike_a etc._n etc._n example_n be_v every_o where_o extant_a of_o like_v and_o unlike_v in_o our_o law_n elench_n gold_n be_v try_v in_o the_o fire_n but_o not_o so_o be_v trust_v and_o fidelity_n in_o adversity_n this_o be_v false_a for_o these_o thing_n be_v like_o not_o unlike_a the_o 22._o chapter_n of_o the_o equal_a quantity_n be_v that_o whereby_o thing_n compare_v be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o this_o or_o that_o quantity_n quantity_n be_v either_o equal_a or_o unequal_a equal_a be_v those_o who_o quantity_n be_v equal_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n from_o the_o equal_a when_o one_o equal_a be_v argue_v or_o declare_v by_o a_o other_o the_o equal_a have_v certain_a proper_a sign_n whereby_o it_o be_v often_o express_v in_o author_n and_o may_v if_o they_o want_v always_o be_v add_v for_o the_o plain_a declaration_n thereof_o as_o equal_a alike_o the_o same_o that_o aswell_o as_o somuch_o howmuch_o somany_n howmany_a no_o less_o no_o great_a and_o such_o like_a yet_o equal_n be_v sometime_o express_v without_o any_o note_n at_o all_o thomalin_n in_o july_n use_v note_n al_n soon_o may_v shepherd_n climb_v to_o sky_n that_o lead_v in_o lowly_a dale_n as_o gotheard_a proud_a that_o sit_v high_a upon_o the_o mountain_n sail_n willy_n in_o august_n never_o dempt_v more_o right_a of_o beauty_n i_o ween_v the_o shepherd_n of_o ida_n that_o judge_v beauty_n queen_n master_n plowden_n fol._n 15._o a._n car_n come_v proprement_n come_v il_fw-fr appent_v all_o office_n del_fw-it brazier_n en_fw-fr l'auter_n case_n a_o weyer_n et_fw-fr metre_n en_fw-fr fiew_fw-fr le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr belle_fw-fr ou_fw-fr all_o office_n del_fw-it tailor_n a_o shaper_fw-fr le_fw-fr pan_n cy_fw-fr properment_fw-ge il_fw-it appent_v all_o office_n del_fw-it collector_n a_o weyer_n choose_v pour_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr subsidy_n serroyt_n pay_v fol._n 7._o a._n issint_fw-la si_fw-la home_n est_fw-la tenus_fw-la in_o un_fw-fr obligation_n sur_fw-fr condition_n de_fw-fr enfeoffer_n i._n st._n et_fw-fr il_fw-fr faith_n lease_n pour_fw-fr ans_fw-fr et_fw-fr release_n a_fw-fr luy_fw-fr en_fw-fr fee_n il_fw-fr ad_fw-la perform_v le_fw-fr condition_n comment_n que_fw-fr il_fw-fr n'ad_n perform_v les_fw-fr parolle_n et_fw-fr uncore_fw-fr les_fw-fr parolle_n d'un_fw-fr condition_n d'obligation_n doyent_n este_fw-la perform_v cy_fw-fr straytment_n come_fw-mi les_fw-fr parol_n dascun_fw-fr statute_n mes_fw-fr entant_fw-la que_fw-fr l'entent_fw-fr et_fw-fr effect_n est_fw-la perform_v et_fw-la ceo_fw-la que_fw-fr counteruaylera_fw-fr les_fw-fr parol_n ill_a suffist_n annotation_n canon_n this_o logical_a quantity_n be_v most_o general_o to_o be_v understand_v and_o therefore_o all_o those_o word_n be_v utter_o reject_v which_o be_v not_o ample_a enough_o to_o express_v the_o general_a nature_n of_o this_o logical_a quantity_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d facilis_fw-la difficilis_fw-la credibilis_fw-la incredibilis_fw-la aequè_fw-la magis_fw-la &_o minus_fw-la probabilis_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o though_o no_o argument_n be_v of_o the_o more_o or_o great_a but_o that_o which_o be_v rather_o in_o which_o have_v more_o probability_n which_o be_v more_o easy_a and_o so_o in_o the_o less_o and_o equal_a if_o a_o man_n will_v restrain_v the_o general_a nature_n of_o this_o quantity_n in_o this_o sort_n he_o shall_v find_v himself_o entangle_v with_o repugnant_a example_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o for_o his_o heart_n he_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o rid_v himself_o out_o if_o any_o think_v i_o do_v but_o jest_n let_v he_o read_v the_o three_o part_n of_o beurhusius_n and_o make_v a_o trial_n of_o his_o own_o skill_n canon_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v equal_a there_o be_v equal_a reason_n and_o judgement_n of_o equal_n if_o one_o either_o be_v or_o not_o be_v the_o other_o must_v in_o like_a manner_n be_v or_o not_o be_v equal_a thing_n agree_v with_o equal_a such_o thing_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o any_o other_o thing_n be_v also_o equal_a among_o themselves_o this_o hold_v not_o in_o unequals_n as_o 3._o and_o 3._o be_v unequal_a to_o 2_o and_o yet_o equal_a among_o themselves_o if_o you_o do_v either_o add_v or_o detract_v equal_a thing_n from_o thing_n that_o be_v equal_a the_o whole_a or_o remnant_n will_v be_v equal_a you_o shall_v as_o be_v say_v sometime_o meet_a with_o equal_n without_o any_o note_n at_o all_o as_o in_o terence_n quando_fw-la ego_fw-la non_fw-la curo_fw-la tuum_fw-la ne_fw-la cura_fw-la meum_fw-la sith_o i_o meddle_v not_o with_o thou_o meddle_v not_o thou_o with_o i_o again_o the_o equal_a be_v return_v against_o the_o equal_a now_o and_o then_o without_o any_o form_n if_o any_o one_o thing_n be_v or_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o some_o two_o thing_n equal_o then_o if_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o one_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v in_o the_o other_o but_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o one_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o other_o for_o the_o last_o part_n take_v this_o example_n if_o a_o tutor_n must_v be_v faithful_a then_o also_o a_o procurator_n but_o a_o tutor_n must_v therefore_o the_o procurator_n must_v also_o or_o thus_o more_o brief_o in_o a_o contract_a syllogism_n call_v a_o ethymeme_n a_o tutor_n must_v be_v faithful_a and_o true_a therefore_o a_o procurator_n must_v be_v so_o also_o other_o logician_n common_o to_o confirm_v and_o prove_v the_o consequence_n in_o the_o enthymeme_n bring_v in_o the_o canon_n before_o allege_v out_o of_o aristotle_n if_o any_o one_o thing_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o have_v rather_o say_v that_o this_o connex_v syllogism_n be_v good_a and_o artificial_a so_o that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o doubt_v of_o the_o consequence_n which_o be_v already_o determine_v by_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o syllogism_n which_o be_v the_o only_a rule_n of_o all_o consequence_n and_o coherence_n now_o for_o the_o part_n of_o this_o consequence_n i_o mean_v the_o proposition_n and_o the_o assumption_n i_o say_v the_o proposition_n be_v true_a and_o that_o i_o prove_v by_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o equal_a because_o there_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o or_o equal_a quantity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o equal_a reason_n in_o a_o tutor_n and_o in_o a_o procurator_n and_o as_o for_o the_o assumption_n it_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n yet_o we_o be_v not_o altogether_o to_o reject_v these_o rule_n and_o canon_n but_o to_o use_v they_o in_o writing_n and_o speak_v as_o certain_a corollary_n or_o fruit_n of_o this_o art_n and_o not_o to_o put_v they_o down_o in_o the_o art_n for_o that_o most_o of_o they_o be_v too_o particular_a or_o doubtful_a and_o contingent_a and_o also_o unnecessary_a and_o superfluous_a the_o second_o canon_n be_v this_o if_o two_o thing_n be_v equal_o in_o a_o three_o then_o if_o the_o one_o be_v the_o other_o shall_v be_v if_o not_o this_o neither_o that_o as_o he_o use_v to_o lie_v therefore_o to_o steal_v it_o be_v not_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o man_n for_o to_o see_v therefore_o neither_o to_o hair_n the_o three_o and_o last_o if_o two_o be_v equal_o and_o indifferent_o in_o two_o then_o if_o this_o be_v not_o in_o that_o the_o third_o shall_v not_o be_v in_o the_o four_o but_o if_o that_o be_v than_o this_o also_o as_o in_o that_o out_o of_o terence_n whereof_o we_o speak_v before_o demea_fw-la say_v to_o his_o brother_n mitio_fw-la quando_fw-la ego_fw-la non_fw-la curo_fw-la tuum_fw-la ne_fw-la cura_fw-la meum_fw-la sith_o i_o care_v not_o for_o thy_o son_n aeschinus_n meddle_v not_o thou_o