rule_n to_o any_o art_n one_o can_v question_v but_o these_o four_o person_n have_v all_o authority_n on_o their_o side_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o epic_a poem_n and_o this_o be_v the_o only_a kind_n we_o shall_v treat_v of_o at_o present_a it_o be_v true_a the_o man_n of_o our_o time_n may_v have_v as_o much_o spirit_n as_o the_o ancient_n have_v and_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o depend_v upon_o choice_n and_o invention_n they_o may_v likewise_o have_v as_o just_a and_o as_o lucky_a fancy_n but_o than_o it_o will_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o injustice_n to_o pretend_v that_o our_o new_a rule_n destroy_v those_o of_o our_o first_o master_n and_o that_o they_o must_v needs_o condemn_v all_o their_o work_n who_o can_v not_o foresee_v our_o humour_n nor_o adapt_v themselves_o to_o the_o genius_n of_o such_o person_n as_o be_v to_o be_v bear_v in_o after-age_n under_o different_a government_n and_o under_o a_o different_a religion_n from_o they_o and_o with_o manner_n custom_n and_o language_n that_o have_v no_o kind_n of_o relation_n to_o they_o have_v no_o design_n then_o by_o this_o treatise_n to_o make_v poet_n after_o the_o model_n of_o our_o age_n with_o which_o i_o be_o not_o sufficient_o acquaint_v but_o only_a to_o furnish_v myself_o with_o some_o sort_n of_o foundation_n in_o the_o design_n i_o have_v of_o explain_v the_o aeneid_n of_o virgil_n i_o need_v not_o concern_v myself_o with_o every_o new_a invention_n of_o these_o last_o time_n i_o be_o not_o of_o opinion_n that_o what_o our_o late_a author_n think_v be_v universal_a reason_n and_o such_o a_o common_a notion_n as_o nature_n must_v needs_o have_v put_v into_o the_o head_n of_o virgil._n but_o leave_v posterity_n to_o determine_v whether_o these_o novelty_n be_v well_o or_o ill_o devise_v i_o shall_v only_o acquiesce_v in_o what_o i_o think_v may_v be_v prove_v from_o homer_n aristotle_n and_o horace_n i_o will_v interpret_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o and_o virgil_n by_o all_o three_o as_o have_v the_o same_o genius_n and_o idea_n of_o the_o epic_a poesy_n chap._n ii_o what_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n the_o most_o considerable_a difference_n my_o subject_n present_v i_o with_o between_o the_o style_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o that_o of_o the_o last_o age_n be_v that_o our_o way_n of_o speak_v be_v plain_a proper_a and_o without_o the_o turn_v whereas_o they_o be_v full_a of_o mystery_n and_o allegory_n the_o truth_n be_v mask_v under_o these_o ingenious_a invention_n which_o for_o their_o excellence_n go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o fable_n or_o say_n as_o if_o there_o be_v as_o much_o difference_n between_o these_o fabulous_a discourse_n of_o the_o wise_a and_o the_o ordinary_a language_n of_o the_o vulgar_a as_o there_o be_v between_o the_o language_n that_o be_v proper_a to_o man_n and_o the_o sound_v brute_n beast_n make_v use_v of_o to_o express_v their_o passion_n and_o sensation_n at_o first_o the_o fable_n be_v employ_v in_o speak_v of_o the_o divine_a nature_n according_a to_o the_o notion_n they_o then_o have_v of_o it_o this_o sublime_a subject_n make_v the_o first_o poet_n to_o be_v style_v divine_n and_o poetry_n the_o language_n of_o the_o go_n they_o divide_v the_o divine_a attribute_n as_o it_o be_v into_o so_o many_o person_n because_o the_o infirmity_n of_o a_o humane_a mind_n can_v sufficient_o conceive_v or_o explain_v so_o much_o power_n and_o action_n in_o a_o simplicity_n so_o great_a and_o indivisible_a as_o be_v that_o of_o god_n and_o perhaps_o they_o be_v jealous_a of_o the_o advantage_n they_o reap_v from_o such_o excellent_a and_o refine_a learning_n and_o which_o they_o think_v the_o vulgar_a part_n of_o mankind_n be_v not_o worthy_a of_o they_o can_v not_o tell_v we_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o this_o almighty_a cause_n without_o speak_v at_o the_o same_o time_n of_o its_o effect_n so_o that_o to_o divinity_n they_o add_v physiology_n and_o treat_v thereof_o without_o quit_v the_o umbrage_n of_o their_o allegorical_a expression_n but_o man_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o the_o most_o noble_a of_o all_o the_o effect_n which_o god_n produce_v and_o nothing_o be_v so_o proper_a nor_o more_o useful_a to_o poet_n than_o this_o subject_a they_o have_v add_v it_o to_o the_o former_a and_o treat_v of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o morality_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o do_v that_o of_o divinity_n and_o philosophy_n and_o from_o morality_n thus_o discourse_v of_o have_v art_n form_v that_o kind_n of_o poem_n and_o fable_n which_o we_o call_v the_o epic_a what_o the_o divine_n make_v their_o divinity_n that_o do_v the_o epic_a poet_n make_v their_o morality_n but_o that_o infinite_a variety_n of_o the_o action_n and_o operation_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n to_o which_o our_o understanding_n bear_v but_o little_a proportion_n do_v as_o it_o be_v force_v they_o upon_o divide_v the_o single_a idea_n of_o the_o only_a one_o god_n into_o several_a person_n under_o the_o different_a name_n of_o jupiter_n juno_n neptune_n and_o the_o rest_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o nature_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n be_v such_o as_o never_o lay_v down_o a_o rule_n for_o any_o particular_a thing_n the_o epic_a poet_n be_v oblige_v to_o unite_v in_o one_o single_a idea_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n and_o in_o a_o action_n that_o appear_v singular_a all_o that_o look_v like_o it_o in_o different_a person_n and_o in_o various_a action_n which_o may_v be_v thus_o contain_v as_o so_o many_o species_n under_o their_o genus_fw-la therefore_o when_o aristotle_n speak_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o poetry_n be_v more_o serious_a than_o 9_o history_n and_o that_o poet_n be_v great_a philosopher_n than_o historian_n be_v he_o do_v not_o only_o speak_v this_o to_o magnify_v the_o excellence_n of_o this_o art_n but_o to_o inform_v we_o also_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o ibid_fw-la poesy_n say_v he_o teach_v morality_n not_o by_o recital_n only_o as_o a_o historian_n who_o bare_o tell_v we_o what_o alcibiades_n for_o instance_n it_o be_v aristotle_n own_a instance_n do_v or_o suffer_v but_o by_o propose_v whatever_o a_o person_n let_v the_o poet_n call_v he_o by_o what_o name_n he_o please_v ought_v either_o necessary_o or_o in_o all_o probability_n to_o have_v say_v or_o do_v upon_o that_o or_o the_o like_a occasion_n it_o be_v in_o this_o nature_n that_o the_o poet_n lay_v down_o the_o bad_a consequence_n of_o a_o ill-grounded_a design_n or_o a_o wicked_a action_n or_o else_o the_o reward_n of_o good_a action_n and_o the_o satisfaction_n one_o receive_v from_o a_o design_n form_v by_o virtue_n and_o manage_v by_o prudence_n thus_o in_o the_o ibid_fw-la epopea_n according_a to_o aristotle_n let_v the_o name_n be_v what_o they_o will_v yet_o the_o person_n and_o the_o action_n be_v feign_v allegorical_a and_o universal_a not_o historical_a and_o singular_a horace_n be_v likewise_o of_o the_o same_o mind_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o only_o by_o the_o way_n we_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o he_o not_o only_o say_v 2._o that_o poet_n teach_v man_n morality_n full_a as_o well_o as_o philosopher_n but_o in_o that_o he_o even_o give_v homer_n the_o pre-eminence_n the_o reason_n poet_n be_v more_o excellent_a herein_o than_o the_o plain_a downright_a philosopher_n be_v this_o 1._o that_o every_o sort_n of_o poem_n be_v in_o general_a a_o imitation_n now_o imitation_n be_v extreme_o natural_a and_o please_v every_o body_n by_o which_o mean_v this_o way_n of_o propose_v thing_n be_v more_o charm_a and_o more_o proper_a to_o take_v with_o a_o audience_n beside_o imitation_n be_v a_o instruction_n by_o example_n and_o example_n be_v very_o proper_a to_o persuade_v since_o they_o prove_v such_o or_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v feasible_a in_o short_a 4._o imitation_n be_v so_o far_o the_o essence_n of_o poetry_n that_o it_o be_v poetry_n itself_o as_o aristotle_n the_o first_o founder_n of_o this_o art_n tell_v we_o and_o poet._n horace_n recommend_v it_o very_o particular_o to_o the_o poet_n he_o will_v create_v but_o tho'_o poet_n play_v the_o moral_a philosopher_n yet_o still_o they_o be_v no_o less_o divine_n the_o morality_n they_o deal_v withal_o do_v indispensible_o oblige_v they_o to_o have_v a_o vein_n of_o divinity_n run_v through_o all_o their_o work_n because_o the_o knowledge_n the_o fear_n and_o the_o love_n of_o god_n in_o a_o word_n piety_n and_o religion_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o solid_a foundation_n of_o other_o virtue_n and_o of_o all_o morality_n the_o presence_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o the_o care_n such_o a_o august_n cause_v aught_o to_o take_v about_o any_o action_n oblige_v the_o poet_n to_o represent_v this_o action_n as_o great_a important_a and_o manage_v by_o poet._n king_n and_o prince_n it_o oblige_v he_o likewise_o to_o think_v and_o speak_v in_o a_o elevate_a way_n
simple_o say_v the_o hero_n by_o that_o name_n we_o understand_v only_a achilles_n in_o the_o iliad_n ulysses_n in_o the_o odysseïs_n aeneas_n in_o the_o latin_a poem_n in_o a_o word_n the_o principal_a personage_n in_o any_o poem_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o particular_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n heroick_n when_o it_o be_v use_v to_o denote_v a_o epopéa_n and_o so_o distinguish_v this_o sort_n of_o poem_n from_o other_o aristotle_n and_o ovid_n give_v this_o name_n not_o to_o the_o poem_n but_o to_o the_o verse_n make_v use_v of_o therein_o and_o which_o they_o likewise_o call_v hexameter_n verse_n this_o last_o have_v be_v almost_o the_o only_a name_n we_o have_v retain_v if_o we_o shall_v call_v epic_a poem_n heroic_a poem_n because_o of_o the_o heroic_a verse_n that_o be_v make_v use_n of_o therein_o one_o may_v with_o as_o much_o reason_n call_v the_o french_a epopéa_v alexandrine_n poem_n since_o the_o verse_n they_o use_v in_o these_o poem_n be_v call_v alexandrine_n and_o if_o the_o name_n heroick_n come_v from_o the_o personage_n of_o the_o poem_n who_o be_v style_v hero_n tragedy_n will_v be_v as_o much_o a_o heroic_a poem_n as_o the_o epopéa_n will_v since_o the_o action_n and_o the_o personage_n of_o tragedy_n be_v no_o less_o heroic_a than_o the_o action_n and_o the_o personage_n of_o the_o epopéa_n but_o i_o question_v whether_o these_o reflection_n be_v so_o useful_a as_o to_o deserve_v so_o many_o word_n they_o may_v only_o serve_v to_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o different_a use_n of_o the_o term_n hero_n and_o heroic_a among_o the_o ancient_n and_o the_o modern_n and_o to_o prevent_v condemn_v the_o first_o for_o such_o notion_n which_o they_o never_o follow_v when_o we_o know_v that_o they_o do_v not_o affix_v the_o idea_n of_o virtue_n to_o these_o term_n take_v in_o a_o poetical_a sense_n that_o they_o never_o confine_v the_o name_n of_o hero_n only_o to_o the_o principal_a personage_n in_o the_o poem_n and_o that_o they_o do_v not_o call_v the_o epopéa_v by_o the_o name_n of_o heroic_a poem_n we_o shall_v not_o in_o these_o work_n look_v for_o example_n of_o a_o real_a and_o excel_a virtue_n and_o no_o one_o will_v wonder_v that_o horace_n have_v say_v on_o the_o contrary_a that_o all_o the_o iliad_n where_o so_o many_o hero_n be_v lose_v their_o life_n contain_v nothing_o but_o injustice_n violence_n passion_n and_o wickedness_n i_o have_v omit_v one_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n hero_n which_o may_v be_v consider_v as_o moral_a and_o as_o poetical_a in_o this_o sense_n we_o call_v some_o man_n that_o be_v bear_v of_o some_o deity_n and_o a_o mortal_a person_n as_o achilles_n who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o the_o goddess_n thetis_n and_o peleus_n and_o hercules_n who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o jupiter_n and_o alomena_n but_o this_o lay_v no_o obligation_n upon_o poet_n to_o make_v these_o hero_n good_a man_n because_o there_o be_v likewise_o wicked_a go_n and_o one_o may_v likewise_o observe_v that_o sometime_o the_o poet_n do_v make_v these_o divine_a man_n very_o wicked_a person_n witness_n polypheme_n and_o cacus_n 3._o the_o first_o of_o these_o though_o neptune_n son_n be_v a_o horrible_a monster_n and_o devour_v his_o guest_n and_o contemn_v jupiter_n himself_o â—_o cacus_n be_v the_o son_n of_o god_n vulcan_n and_o yet_o virgil_n say_v there_o be_v no_o villainy_n but_o this_o notable_a rascal_n will_v undertake_v this_o be_v say_v in_o the_o general_a concern_v all_o sort_n of_o hero_n let_v we_o now_o take_v a_o particular_a view_n of_o the_o chief_a personage_n in_o each_o poem_n aristotle_n say_v 1._o that_o a_o heroical_a and_o divine_a virtue_n be_v some_o thing_n more_o than_o humane_a and_o consequent_o that_o hero_n be_v divine_a person_n and_o that_o the_o excellency_n of_o their_o nature_n raise_v they_o above_o all_o men._n but_o he_o say_v this_o in_o his_o book_n of_o morality_n 13._o in_o his_o poetry_n he_o teach_v a_o quite_o contrary_a lesson_n that_o this_o chief_a personage_n of_o a_o poem_n who_o we_o style_v a_o hero_n shall_v be_v neither_o good_a nor_o bad_a but_o he_o will_v have_v he_o be_v between_o both_o neither_o advance_v above_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n by_o his_o virtue_n and_o his_o justice_n nor_o sink_v below_o they_o by_o his_o vice_n and_o wickedness_n there_o be_v nothing_o then_o of_o communication_n between_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o hero_n one_o of_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v advance_v by_o his_o virtue_n above_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n and_o the_o other_o shall_v not_o be_v in_o the_o same_o class_n with_o man_n of_o perfection_n beside_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o he_o only_o speak_v of_o that_o which_o be_v the_o most_o complete_a part_n in_o the_o poem_n and_o not_o simple_o of_o that_o which_o be_v regular_a and_o allowable_a and_o moreover_o that_o this_o mean_a which_o he_o require_v be_v for_o complex_fw-la fable_n so_o that_o he_o do_v not_o absolute_o exclude_v from_o the_o number_n of_o these_o poetical_a hero_n neither_o person_n of_o the_o great_a virtue_n such_o as_o ulysses_n nor_o the_o most_o vicious_a such_o as_o ixion_n and_o medea_n horace_n mention_n these_o two_o last_o among_o the_o regular_a hero_n poet._n he_o say_v that_o she_o shall_v be_v barbarous_a and_o inflexible_a and_o ixion_n treacherous_a certain_o this_o critic_n never_o write_v his_o rule_n for_o irregular_a personage_n but_o since_o last_o both_o aristotle_n and_o horace_n approve_v of_o homer_n practice_n in_o the_o manner_n he_o have_v give_v to_o achilles_n and_o since_o they_o propose_v this_o hero_n as_o a_o model_n for_o other_o poet_n to_o imitate_v the_o bad_a moral_n of_o this_o personage_n shall_v convince_v we_o that_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o aristotle_n and_o horace_n and_o according_a to_o homer_n practice_n it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n necessary_a that_o the_o principal_a person_n of_o a_o epopéa_n shall_v be_v a_o honest_a man._n for_o never_o do_v a_o honest_a man_n prefer_v his_o own_o passion_n and_o private_a interest_n to_o the_o public_a cause_n the_o glory_n of_o his_o country_n the_o honour_n and_o the_o life_n of_o his_o innocent_a friend_n never_o do_v a_o honest_a man_n use_v such_o vile_a language_n as_o this_o to_o his_o general_n go_v thou_o impudent_a drunken_a fearful_a fellow_n there_o be_v none_o but_o drone_n who_o obey_v thou_o these_o contumely_n be_v seditious_a and_o of_o very_o bad_a consequence_n and_o they_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o criminal_a because_o he_o who_o say_v they_o may_v be_v the_o ringleader_n of_o a_o faction_n a_o good_a man_n if_o god_n deny_v he_o any_o thing_n will_v never_o break_v out_o into_o a_o passion_n against_o he_o and_o will_v never_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o will_v be_v revenge_v on_o he_o if_o he_o can_v it_o be_v only_o profane_a and_o madman_n that_o speak_v thus_o be_v aristotle_n ignorant_a of_o these_o continual_a extravagancy_n of_o achilles_n or_o do_v this_o learned_a philosopher_n take_v they_o for_o real_a virtue_n there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o colour_n for_o such_o a_o thought_n we_o shall_v more_o probable_o believe_v that_o aristotle_n consider_v this_o poetical_a hero_n only_o as_o a_o savage_a direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o hero_n of_o his_o morality_n for_o in_o the_o passage_n above_o cite_v he_o oppose_v this_o brutality_n to_o the_o heroic_a and_o divine_a virtue_n because_o a_o god_n and_o a_o beast_n be_v incapable_a the_o one_o of_o vice_n and_o the_o other_o of_o virtue_n and_o in_o truth_n the_o one_o of_o these_o nature_n be_v of_o too_o high_a and_o the_o other_o of_o too_o low_a a_o pitch_n law_n be_v make_v for_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o of_o they_o and_o be_v not_o this_o what_o horace_n say_v of_o the_o character_n of_o achilles_n he_o shall_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v under_o the_o tie_n of_o any_o law_n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o medium_n he_o belong_v to_o one_o of_o the_o two_o contrary_n which_o aristotle_n propose_v either_o above_o or_o below_o mankind_n he_o be_v divine_a or_o brutal_a and_o which_o to_o fix_v upon_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n horace_n say_v he_o be_v a_o fool._n homer_n it_o be_v true_a have_v some_o fault_n and_o poet._n horace_n own_v it_o but_o the_o character_n of_o achilles_n can_v be_v one_o of_o these_o fault_n which_o be_v so_o few_o be_v no_o offence_n and_o be_v owe_v either_o to_o humane_a frailty_n or_o a_o pardonable_a negligence_n these_o be_v the_o fault_n horace_n censure_n or_o to_o speak_v more_o proper_o which_o he_o excuse_v in_o homer_n and_o can_v this_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o character_n of_o achilles_n we_o conclude_v this_o point_n by_o confirm_v the_o practice_n of_o homer_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o aristotle_n and_o horace_n with_o a_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o
to_o be_v all_o on_o fire_n capaneus_n see_v all_o this_o without_o be_v move_v and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o abate_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o fierceness_n his_o threat_n and_o the_o hope_n he_o have_v of_o take_v the_o city_n spite_n of_o all_o the_o god_n which_o declare_v war_n against_o he_o that_o he_o be_v for_o snatch_v the_o weapon_n from_o heaven_n itself_o and_o cast_v its_o fire_n to_o burn_v the_o city_n if_o statius_n have_v not_o imagine_v these_o extravagancy_n one_o can_v never_o have_v believe_v they_o shall_v enter_v into_o the_o mind_n of_o any_o author_n the_o god_n of_o this_o poet_n do_v not_o take_v these_o for_o extravagancy_n etc._n they_o be_v real_o afraid_a of_o they_o and_o dread_v this_o man_n alone_o more_o than_o all_o mankind_n together_o they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o jupiter_n apollo_n groan_v bacchus_n bemoan_v himself_o hercules_n much_o affright_v with_o a_o bow_n in_o his_o hand_n know_v not_o on_o what_o to_o resolve_v venus_n be_v all_o in_o tear_n to_o conclude_v the_o calamity_n be_v universal_a and_o to_o the_o disgrace_n of_o jupiter_n before_o who_o they_o seem_v to_o prefer_v capaneus_n the_o admiration_n they_o conceive_v for_o this_o great_a hero_n and_o strike_v they_o dumb_a and_o make_v they_o fear_v this_o sovereign_n of_o the_o god_n have_v not_o a_o shaft_n sufficient_a to_o conquer_v this_o single_a man._n the_o poet_n himself_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o their_o fear_n be_v not_o altogether_o groundless_a for_o after_o jupiter_n have_v shoot_v his_o thunder_n against_o he_o with_o all_o his_o force_n and_o have_v shatter_v to_o dust_n the_o armour_n capaneus_n wear_v this_o bravo_n have_v still_o power_n leave_v he_o to_o stand_v upon_o his_o foot_n so_o long_o that_o jupiter_n think_v he_o must_v shoot_v another_o bolt_n at_o he_o one_o will_v fancy_n the_o fear_n be_v now_o over_o but_o so_o great_a a_o poet_n be_v not_o content_v with_o so_o little_a cataneus_n during_o his_o life_n make_v only_o the_o theban_n tremble_n and_o fly_v and_o now_o at_o his_o death_n when_o he_o be_v destroy_v by_o thunder_n he_o fill_v his_o own_o man_n with_o consternation_n and_o put_v both_o party_n to_o flight_n because_o they_o know_v not_o on_o which_o side_n he_o will_v fall_v nor_o who_o troop_n he_o will_v crush_v into_o piece_n thereby_o this_o be_v a_o instance_n of_o these_o false_a character_n wherein_o man_n fall_v for_o want_v of_o judgement_n and_o knowledge_n a_o author_n by_o these_o great_a amplification_n think_v he_o shall_v be_v a_o great_a poet._n but_o he_o even_o degrade_v himself_o from_o the_o very_a name_n of_o poet_n since_o these_o fiction_n be_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o can_v be_v in_o nature_n be_v no_o imitation_n and_o yet_o all_o poesy_n be_v essential_o a_o imitation_n the_o remedy_n for_o this_o be_v to_o believe_v rectum_fw-la horace_n herein_o and_o to_o be_v perfect_o instruct_v in_o morality_n it_o be_v to_o know_v that_o all_o thing_n have_v their_o limitation_n it_o be_v to_o know_v these_o limitation_n and_o to_o keep_v within_o they_o it_o be_v last_o to_o be_v convince_v that_o those_o that_o transgress_v these_o bound_n as_o in_o the_o example_n we_o have_v be_v propose_v in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n make_v neither_o character_n nor_o personage_n but_o mere_a chimaera_n which_o be_v never_o any_o where_o but_o in_o the_o imaginary_a species_n of_o these_o author_n brain_n the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o book_n mounseur_fw-fr bossu's_fw-fr treatise_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n book_n v._o concern_v the_o machine_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o deity_n in_o the_o former_a book_n concern_v the_o manner_n we_o discourse_v concern_v the_o terrestrial_a and_o mortal_a person_n and_o in_o this_o under_o the_o name_n of_o machine_n we_o shall_v treat_v concern_v the_o divine_a and_o immortal_a person_n so_o that_o this_o will_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o consequence_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v about_o the_o manner_n and_o the_o person_n since_o the_o god_n as_o well_o as_o man_n be_v actor_n in_o the_o epopéa_fw-la we_o show_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o in_o our_o first_o 2._o book_n where_o we_o likewise_o take_v notice_n that_o all_o these_o divine_a personage_n be_v allegorical_a we_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o they_o some_o be_v theological_a and_o be_v invent_v to_o explain_v the_o nature_n of_o god_n other_o be_v physical_a and_o they_o represent_v natural_a thing_n the_o last_o be_v moral_a and_o they_o be_v the_o representation_n of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n these_o three_o sort_n of_o divinity_n or_o allegory_n be_v sometime_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n now_o for_o instance_n of_o each_o and_o first_o we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o theological_a in_o the_o convention_n of_o the_o god_n by_o which_o virgil_n open_v his_o ten_o book_n jupiter_n juno_n venus_n and_o we_o may_v add_v fate_n be_v personage_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n that_o be_v such_o as_o represent_v the_o divine_a nature_n divide_v into_o four_o person_n as_o into_o so_o many_o attribute_n potestas_fw-la jupiter_n be_v the_o power_n of_o god_n fate_n be_v his_o absolute_a will._n to_o which_o his_o very_a power_n submit_v because_o god_n never_o act_v contrary_a to_o his_o will._n idem_fw-la fate_n therefore_o determine_v jupiter_n who_o of_o himself_o be_v indifferent_a and_o may_v as_o well_o act_v in_o behalf_n of_o turnus_n as_o in_o favour_n of_o aeneas_n and_o his_o party_n venus_n be_v the_o divine_a mercy_n and_o that_o love_n which_o god_n bear_v towards_o virtuous_a man_n by_o which_o he_o be_v induce_v never_o to_o forget_v they_o in_o the_o misery_n they_o endure_v upon_o earth_n but_o to_o help_v they_o out_o of_o they_o and_o final_o to_o reward_v they_o last_o juno_n be_v his_o justice_n this_o punish_v even_o the_o least_o offence_n spare_v not_o even_o the_o very_o best_a of_o man_n who_o not_o be_v whole_o innocent_a be_v punish_v severe_o for_o their_o default_n in_o this_o life_n where_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o temporal_a wrath_n of_o god_n be_v often_o declare_v against_o they_o and_o so_o persecute_v they_o that_o there_o may_v be_v nothing_o leave_v in_o they_o but_o what_o be_v virtuous_a meritorious_a and_o matter_n of_o reward_n this_o reward_n be_v reserve_v for_o they_o in_o heaven_n where_o this_o vindictive_a justice_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v and_o from_o whence_o it_o can_v exclude_v they_o as_o coelo_fw-la jupiter_n tell_v juno_n when_o he_o mention_v aeneas_n the_o poet_n suit_v himself_o to_o our_o gross_a way_n of_o conceive_v divine_a thing_n and_o to_o the_o infirmity_n of_o our_o mind_n which_o make_v we_o look_v upon_o these_o quality_n in_o god_n as_o opposite_a to_o one_o another_o dura_n mercy_n upbraid_v justice_n of_o its_o severity_n that_o it_o be_v never_o satisfy_v let_v good_a man_n suffer_v never_o so_o much_o and_o that_o it_o never_o allow_v they_o any_o repose_v here_o on_o earth_n whilst_o justice_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n accuse_v goodness_n and_o mercy_n of_o its_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o sin_n that_o be_v commit_v because_o it_o shelter_n criminal_n and_o put_v they_o in_o hope_n of_o go_v off_o unpunished_a the_o deity_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n that_o be_v pure_o physical_a be_v employ_v in_o the_o first_o book_n in_o raise_v the_o storm_n against_o aeneas_n aeolus_n be_v the_o power_n of_o nature_n which_o gather_v together_o about_o hill_n and_o in_o their_o cavern_n the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n whence_o wind_n be_v form_v and_o have_v digest_v these_o matter_n to_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o dryness_n put_v they_o upon_o those_o motion_n and_o agitation_n which_o we_o call_v the_o wind_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o aeolus_n be_v their_o master_n these_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n arise_v in_o the_o air_n which_o be_v represent_v by_o juno_n it_o be_v therefore_o to_o this_o goddess_n that_o the_o god_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v behold_v for_o his_o heavenly_a cheer_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o take_v notice_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o person_n of_o eurus_n and_o zephyrus_n nor_o that_o of_o neptune_n who_o speak_v to_o they_o we_o have_v one_o instance_n of_o the_o moral_a deity_n in_o the_o engagement_n of_o turnus_n with_o aeneas_n the_o fury_n which_o jupiter_n send_v against_o turnus_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o reproach_n of_o his_o conscience_n which_o show_v he_o his_o crime_n and_o impiety_n king_n latinus_n foretell_v he_o of_o this_o at_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o war_n give_v he_o to_o understand_v that_o if_o he_o be_v so_o insolent_a as_o to_o despise_v the_o god_n when_o it_o be_v at_o his_o choice_n not_o to_o oppose_v their_o order_n he_o will_v at_o last_o be_v oblige_v when_o too_o late_o to_o one_o that_o
without_o countenance_v that_o corruption_n and_o vice_n which_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o too_o much_o incline_v to_o so_o that_o how_o judicious_a or_o excusable_a soever_o homer_n have_v be_v in_o this_o invention_n yet_o a_o poet_n nowadays_o will_v be_v neither_o judicious_a nor_o excusable_a if_o he_o shall_v venture_v to_o imitate_v he_o therein_o it_o be_v good_a to_o teach_v what_o he_o teach_v but_o it_o be_v very_o bad_a teach_v it_o his_o way_n however_o thing_n be_v yet_o this_o be_v a_o particular_a case_n which_o shall_v not_o hinder_v we_o from_o conclude_v that_o virtue_n and_o goodness_n do_v no_o more_o belong_v to_o the_o manner_n and_o character_n of_o the_o poetical_a god_n than_o to_o the_o manner_n and_o character_n of_o men._n if_o a_o poet_n speak_v of_o the_o god_n in_o natural_a philosophy_n he_o will_v give_v they_o such_o manner_n speech_n and_o action_n as_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o will_v represent_v under_o these_o divine_a person_n he_o will_v say_v that_o the_o god_n of_o sleep_n be_v good_a bad_a true_a a_o cheat_n etc._n etc._n because_o we_o have_v pleasant_a dream_n and_o we_o have_v offensive_a one_o sometime_o they_o instruct_v we_o sometime_o deceive_v we_o very_o often_o be_v vain_a etc._n etc._n the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o in_o moral_a deity_n minerva_n be_v wise_a because_o she_o represent_v prudence_n venus_n be_v both_o good_a and_o bad_a because_o the_o passion_n we_o enjoy_v under_o her_o name_n be_v capable_a of_o these_o two_o opposite_a quality_n theology_n likewise_o have_v its_o variety_n the_o most_o sound_a part_n of_o it_o shall_v say_v nothing_o of_o the_o god_n but_o what_o be_v good_a 6._o but_o it_o may_v likewise_o attribute_v several_a passion_n to_o they_o such_o as_o anger_n revenge_n sorrow_n etc._n etc._n not_o that_o they_o have_v any_o such_o in_o reality_n but_o only_o in_o condescension_n and_o after_o the_o language_n of_o man_n they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v such_o as_o we_o hint_v before_o in_o speak_v of_o virgil_n juno_n and_o venus_n but_o there_o be_v several_a sect_n and_o a_o poet_n shall_v take_v care_n who_o those_o be_v that_o he_o bring_v in_o speak_v for_o a_o epicurean_a for_o instance_n can_v give_v any_o passion_n to_o the_o go_n his_o theology_n teach_v he_o that_o they_o enjoy_v a_o perfect_a repose_n and_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o concern_v themselves_o with_o any_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o mankind_n we_o may_v likewise_o add_v that_o the_o passion_n and_o the_o vice_n of_o each_o person_n form_n to_o he_o his_o particular_a theology_n the_o debauch_a pagan_n think_v the_o god_n can_v not_o be_v happy_a without_o enjoy_v the_o pleasure_n of_o sense_n and_o they_o charge_v upon_o they_o their_o lasciviousness_n as_o we_o before_o observe_v in_o the_o example_n of_o the_o phaeacans_n there_o be_v other_o who_o think_v there_o be_v no_o god_n at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o will_v persuade_v themselves_o that_o he_o do_v not_o regard_v we_o virgil_n have_v give_v we_o a_o instance_n of_o this_o deplorable_a change_n in_o the_o person_n of_o dido_n this_o princess_n at_o first_o entertain_v aeneas_n with_o vow_n and_o prayer_n which_o she_o put_v up_o to_o the_o god_n with_o a_o sincere_a piety_n because_o than_o she_o be_v innocent_a and_o at_o quiet_a she_o begin_v to_o love_n aeneas_n contrary_a to_o the_o vow_n she_o have_v make_v to_o the_o mane_n of_o her_o first_o husband_n which_o to_o she_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o deity_n she_o begin_v at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o suppose_v that_o these_o 4._o mane_n be_v no_o long_o concern_v about_o she_o and_o lay_v no_o obligation_n upon_o she_o to_o keep_v her_o vow_n last_o of_o all_o be_v more_o corrupt_v she_o become_v guilty_a of_o impiety_n against_o the_o god_n and_o see_v that_o aeneas_n be_v about_o to_o leave_v she_o by_o their_o order_n she_o will_v persuade_v he_o that_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o what_o be_v do_v here_o on_o earth_n not_o that_o she_o be_v real_o and_o absolute_o persuade_v of_o so_o impious_a a_o maxim_n the_o poet_n be_v too_o judicious_a to_o make_v so_o great_a and_o so_o strange_a a_o alteration_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o this_o queen_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n it_o be_v her_o passion_n that_o make_v she_o speak_v thus_o but_o still_o it_o be_v true_a to_o affirm_v that_o these_o word_n be_v not_o absolute_o jargon_v in_o her_o mouth_n but_o have_v some_o foundation_n in_o her_o heart_n this_o therefore_o be_v a_o beginning_n of_o impiety_n which_o natural_o happen_v to_o those_o who_o vice_n and_o passion_n be_v violent_a and_o which_o at_o last_o lead_v they_o into_o downright_a atheism_n atheist_n speak_v neither_o well_o nor_o ill_a of_o the_o go_n they_o despise_v this_o belief_n and_o laugh_v at_o those_o who_o adore_v and_o worship_v they_o such_o a_o one_o be_v virgil_n mezentius_n all_o that_o we_o have_v say_v here_o concern_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o god_n aught_o to_o be_v apply_v to_o that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o moral_n or_o manner_n of_o men._n the_o manner_n of_o the_o god_n be_v capable_a of_o the_o four_o qualification_n which_o we_o have_v give_v to_o the_o other_o they_o may_v be_v poetical_o good_a since_o they_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o speech_n and_o action_n of_o the_o divine_a person_n we_o introduce_v they_o will_v be_v suitable_a if_o we_o give_v to_o these_o person_n such_o manner_n as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n we_o represent_v require_v and_o if_o as_o we_o make_v a_o king_n magnificent_a and_o jealous_a of_o his_o authority_n so_o we_o make_v fame_n to_o be_v a_o lie_a and_o malignant_a goddess_n they_o will_v be_v likely_a if_o we_o speak_v of_o venus_n mercury_n etc._n etc._n conformable_a to_o that_o which_o be_v report_v of_o they_o in_o fable_n and_o which_o the_o first_o poet_n have_v invent_v about_o they_o and_o they_o will_v be_v even_o or_o equal_a if_o in_o a_o long_a series_n we_o see_v the_o same_o character_n maintain_v chap._n iii_o how_o the_o god_n act_n in_o a_o poem_n since_o among_o the_o god_n there_o be_v some_o good_a some_o bad_a and_o some_o between_o both_o and_o since_o of_o our_o very_a passion_n we_o may_v make_v so_o many_o allegorical_a deity_n to_o the_o god_n one_o may_v attribute_v all_o the_o good_a or_o ill_o that_o be_v do_v in_o a_o poem_n but_o these_o deity_n do_v not_o always_o act_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n sometime_o they_o act_v invisible_o and_o by_o mere_a inspiration_n and_o this_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o extraordinary_a or_o miraculous_a this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o we_o say_v every_o day_n that_o god_n have_v assist_v we_o upon_o such_o or_o such_o a_o occasion_n or_o that_o the_o devil_n have_v inspire_v a_o bad_a action_n into_o this_o or_o that_o man._n it_o be_v thus_o that_o 9_o juno_n help_v turnus_n in_o the_o nine_o book_n of_o the_o aeneid_n when_o he_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o trojan_a camp_n and_o thus_o 12._o venus_n in_o the_o twelve_o book_n inspire_v aeneas_n and_o put_v he_o upon_o assault_v the_o town_n of_o the_o latin_n that_o so_o turnus_n may_v be_v force_v to_o the_o combat_n which_o he_o industrious_o avoid_v the_o poet_n may_v make_v the_o god_n act_n thus_o even_o among_o atheist_n for_o though_o these_o impious_a wretch_n acknowledge_v no_o god_n yet_o they_o can_v withdraw_v themselves_o from_o his_o power_n he_o dispose_v of_o they_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o without_o their_o perceive_v it_o can_v turn_v their_o thought_n and_o design_n as_o he_o please_v this_o be_v virgil_n practice_n in_o the_o person_n of_o mezentius_n 10._o it_o be_v jupiter_n who_o mind_v at_o last_o to_o punish_v he_o for_o all_o his_o crime_n engage_v he_o in_o a_o fight_n with_o aeneas_n to_o this_o way_n of_o the_o god_n act_v we_o may_v likewise_o refer_v that_o which_o they_o insensible_o contribute_v to_o a_o action_n for_o which_o they_o be_v thank_v the_o god_n mars_n do_v not_o appear_v at_o all_o in_o the_o fight_n of_o the_o ten_o book_n of_o the_o aeneid_n yet_o aeneas_n own_v he_o be_v oblige_v to_o he_o therein_o 11._o and_o to_o he_o dedicate_v the_o trophy_n which_o he_o raise_v of_o the_o arm_n of_o mezentius_n these_o divine_a action_n be_v simple_a and_o deserve_v not_o the_o name_n of_o machine_n and_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v allowable_a in_o the_o most_o exact_a tragedy_n and_o comedy_n the_o other_o way_n whereby_o the_o god_n act_n be_v altogether_o miraculous_a and_o extraordinary_a and_o this_o whether_o they_o present_v themselves_o visible_o and_o make_v themselves_o know_v to_o man_n as_o when_o haufi_n mercury_n discover_v himself_o to_o aeneas_n in_o the_o four_o book_n or_o whether_o they_o disguise_v themselves_o under_o some_o human_a
first_o book_n p._n 50._o book_n ii_o concern_v the_o subject-matter_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n or_o concern_v the_o action_n chap._n i._n what_o the_o subject-matter_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n be_v p._n 53._o chap._n ii_o episodes_n consider_v in_o their_o original_a p._n 57_o chap._n iii_o a_o explication_n of_o the_o forego_n doctrine_n by_o a_o instance_n p._n 59_o chap._n iu._n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o episodes_n and_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o term._n p._n 61._o chap._n v._o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o episodes_n p._n 64._o chap._n vi_o the_o definition_n of_o episodes_n p._n 67._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 69._o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o fault_n which_o corrupt_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 74._o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o integrity_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 79._o chap._n x._o that_o the_o action_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o whole_a p._n 81._o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o beginning_n middle_a and_o end_v of_o the_o action_n p._n 85._o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 89._o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o intrigue_n and_o the_o vnravel_v thereof_o p._n 92._o chap._n fourteen_o the_o way_n of_o form_v the_o plot_n or_o intrigue_n p._n 95._o chap._n xv._n how_o to_o dispose_v or_o prepare_v the_o vnravel_v p._n 98._o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o action_n p._n 101._o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 103._o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 107._o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o importance_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 110._o book_n iii_o concern_v the_o form_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n or_o concern_v the_o narration_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o narration_n p._n 113._o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o title_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n p._n 116._o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o proposition_n p._n 117._o chap._n iu._n of_o the_o invocation_n p._n 123._o chap._n v._o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o poem_n or_o the_o narration_n proper_o so_o call_v p._n 127._o chap._n vi_o how_o the_o narration_n be_v pleasant_a p._n 128._o chap._n vii_o of_o probability_n p._n 132._o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o admirable_a or_o the_o marvellous_a p._n 137._o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o passion_n p._n 140._o chap._n x._o how_o the_o narration_n ought_v to_o be_v active_a p._n 145._o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o continuity_n of_o the_o action_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o narration_n p._n 149._o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o narration_n p._n 154._o book_n iu._n concern_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n chap._n i._o concern_v the_o manner_n in_o general_n p._n 159._o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o manner_n p._n 161._o chap._n iii_o concern_v the_o manner_n of_o other_o science_n beside_o poetry_n p._n 166._o chap._n iu._n of_o the_o manner_n of_o poetry_n p._n 169._o chap._n v._o whether_o the_o hero_n of_o the_o poem_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o honest_a man_n or_o no_o p._n 173._o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o poetical_a goodness_n of_o the_o manner_n p._n 177._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o three_o other_o qualification_n of_o the_o manner_n p._n 180._o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o character_n of_o the_o personage_n aristotle_n word_n about_o it_o p._n 186._o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o character_n of_o achilles_n ulysses_z and_o aeneas_z p._n 191._o chap._n x._o of_o the_o character_n of_o the_o other_o personage_n p._n 194._o chap._n xi_o what_o the_o character_n be_v p._n 197._o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o character_n in_o the_o hero_n p._n 199._o chap._n xiii_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o character_n in_o the_o poem_n p._n 202._o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o character_n p._n 205._o chap._n xv._n of_o false_a character_n p._n 211._o book_n v._o concern_v the_o machine_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o deity_n p._n 215._o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o go_n p._n 218._o chap._n iii_o how_o the_o god_n act_n in_o a_o poem_n p._n 222._o chap._n iu._n when_o one_o must_v make_v use_n of_o machine_n p._n 225._o chap._n v._o how_o the_o machine_n be_v to_o be_v use_v p._n 228._o chap._n vi_o whether_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o god_n be_v any_o disparagement_n to_o the_o hero_n p._n 230._o book_n vi_o concern_v the_o thought_n and_o the_o expression_n chap._n i._n the_o foundation_n of_o this_o doctrine_n p._n 235._o chap._n ii_o concern_v description_n p._n 239._o chap._n iii_o of_o comparison_n or_o simile_n p._n 244._o chap._n iu._n concern_v sentence_n p._n 247._o chap._n v._o concern_v disguise_v sentence_n p._n 251._o chap._n vi_o concern_v several_a other_o thought_n p._n 257._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o expression_n p._n 260._o chap._n viii_o how_o one_o ought_v to_o judge_v of_o the_o elocution_n of_o a_o poem_n p._n 263._o d'acier_n essay_n upon_o satyr_n p._n 267._o mounseur_fw-fr fontanelle_n upon_o pastoral_n p._n 277._o errata_fw-la page_n 2._o line_n 34._o read_v of_o epic_a poesy_n p._n 9_o l._n 12._o for_o moral_n r._n manner_n p._n 10._o l._n 24._o r._n regimen_n p._n 14._o l_o 29._o r._n of_o the_o fable_n p._n 28._o l._n 18._o r._n so_o much_o as_o desire_v p._n 29._o l._n 27._o r._n cut_v off_o his_o enemy_n p._n 43._o l._n 24._o for_o model_n r._n draught_n p._n 50._o l._n 11._o r._n at_o a_o end_n p._n 65._o l._n 16._o for_o this_o r._n that_o p._n 72._o l._n 40._o for_o the_o r._n this_o king_n of_o king_n p._n 110._o l._n 11._o r._n obligation_n p._n 112._o l._n 10._o r._n ilus_n p._n 121._o l._n 31._o r._n glare_v p._n 138._o l._n 29._o for_o yes_n r._n lie_v p._n 139._o l._n 9_o for_o two_o r._n too_o p._n 148._o l._n 33._o for_o he_o follow_v his_o advice_n r._n who_o advice_n he_o follow_v p._n 149._o l._n 15._o r._n concern_v the_o continuity_n p._n 151._o l._n 14._o for_o two_o r._n too_o p._n 168._o l._n antepenult_n r._n that_o these_o be_v not_o vice_n p._n 171._o l._n 17._o r._n relentless_a p._n 174._o l._n 16._o r._n to_o distinguish_v p._n 182._o l._n 35._o for_o face_n r._n phase_n p._n 187._o l._n 4._o r._n valet_fw-la p._n 197._o l._n 22._o r._n dazzle_v p._n 203._o l._n 15._o for_o print_n r._n rein._n p._n 208._o l._n 11._o r._n glare_v p._n 213._o l._n 12._o r._n raze_v ibid._n l._n 17._o r._n and_o to_o break_v down_o bridge_n p._n 214._o l._n ult_n r._n space_n p._n 217._o l._n 13._o r._n to_o own_o p._n 218._o l._n 34._o r._n in_o this_o sort_n of_o write_v p._n 226._o l._n 1._o for_o learn_v r._n leave_n p._n 245._o l._n 36._o r._n to_o a_o amazon_n p._n 250._o l._n 10._o for_o befall_v r._n be_v feel_v p._n 263._o l._n 26._o for_o projection_n r._n proportion_n mounseur_fw-fr bossu's_fw-fr treatise_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n book_n i._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n and_o of_o the_o fable_n chap._n i._n the_o design_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n art_n as_o well_o as_o science_n be_v found_v upon_o reason_n and_o in_o both_o we_o be_v to_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n but_o in_o science_n neither_o the_o inventor_n nor_o the_o improver_n of_o they_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o any_o other_o guide_v but_o this_o light_n of_o nature_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n all_o art_n depend_v upon_o a_o great_a many_o other_o thing_n such_o as_o the_o choice_n and_o genius_n of_o those_o who_o first_o invent_v they_o or_o of_o those_o who_o have_v labour_v at_o they_o with_o a_o universal_a applause_n poetry_n be_v of_o this_o nature_n and_o thò_fw-la reason_n may_v have_v first_o found_v it_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o invention_n of_o poet_n and_o the_o choice_n they_o have_v be_v please_v to_o make_v have_v add_v thereto_o both_o its_o matter_n and_o form_n it_o be_v then_o in_o the_o excellent_a piece_n of_o antiquity_n we_o be_v to_o look_v for_o the_o fundamental_o of_o this_o art_n and_o they_o be_v only_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o to_o who_o all_o other_o yield_v the_o glory_n of_o have_v either_o practise_v with_o the_o most_o success_n or_o collect_v and_o prescribe_v rule_n with_o the_o great_a judgement_n the_o greek_n and_o latin_n have_v furnish_v we_o with_o example_n of_o both_o kind_n aristotle_n and_o horace_n leave_v behind_o they_o such_o rule_n as_o make_v they_o by_o all_o man_n of_o learning_n to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o perfect_a master_n of_o the_o art_n of_o poetry_n and_o the_o poem_n of_o homer_n and_o virgil_n be_v by_o the_o grant_n of_o all_o age_n the_o most_o perfect_a model_n of_o this_o way_n of_o write_v the_o world_n ever_o see_v so_o that_o if_o ever_o a_o just_a and_o supreme_a authority_n have_v the_o power_n to_o prescribe_v law_n and_o
very_a well_o separate_v these_o two_o nature_n from_o one_o another_o and_o say_v that_o the_o fable_n be_v that_o which_o constitute_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o epopéa_n and_o that_o the_o poem_n tell_v we_o how_o to_o manage_v the_o fable_n and_o comprehend_v the_o thought_n the_o expression_n and_o the_o verse_n the_o matter_n of_o it_o be_v a_o action_n feign_v with_o probability_n and_o draw_v from_o the_o action_n of_o king_n prince_n and_o go_n this_o tell_v we_o two_o thing_n the_o action_n and_o the_o person_n and_o therein_o it_o do_v not_o at_o all_o differ_v from_o tragedy_n the_o form_n of_o it_o be_v that_o the_o person_n be_v not_o here_o introduce_v to_o the_o spectator_n view_n act_v by_o themselves_o without_o the_o poet_n as_o in_o tragedy_n but_o that_o the_o action_n be_v recite_v by_o the_o poet._n the_o end_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n be_v to_o lay_v down_o moral_a instruction_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n both_o in_o general_a and_o in_o particular_a this_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o poem_n as_o it_o be_v a_o fable_n it_o contain_v the_o moral_a which_o serve_v for_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o fable_n and_o beside_o that_o it_o contain_v the_o manner_n of_o those_o personage_n who_o make_v some_o considerable_a figure_n in_o the_o poem_n last_o as_o the_o form_n include_v the_o person_n of_o the_o poet_n who_o make_v the_o rehearsal_n so_o do_v the_o end_n comprehend_v the_o person_n of_o the_o audience_n for_o who_o the_o poet_n design_n his_o instruction_n all_o these_o thing_n will_v make_v up_o the_o subject-matter_n of_o this_o treatise_n but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a they_o shall_v be_v all_o handle_v with_o the_o same_o particularity_n and_o exactness_n some_o will_v very_o natural_o fall_v under_o other_o as_o that_o will_v for_o instance_n which_o we_o have_v to_o say_v concern_v the_o poet_n and_o his_o audience_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o end_n and_o the_o moral_a apart_o will_v require_v too_o vast_a a_o compass_n i_o shall_v content_v myself_o to_o speak_v thereof_o in_o speak_v of_o the_o fable_n and_o in_o other_o place_n where_o the_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o that_o part_n with_o the_o rest_n will_v afford_v i_o just_a occasion_n of_o speak_v as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o be_v requisite_a for_o my_o purpose_n aristotle_n divide_v the_o thought_n and_o expression_n into_o two_o part_n as_o be_v very_o requisite_a but_o so_o many_o author_n have_v handle_v these_o thing_n and_o so_o copious_o too_o that_o i_o think_v myself_o excuse_v from_o repeat_v and_o copy_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o other_o arts._n i_o will_v leave_v these_o thing_n then_o to_o the_o rhetorician_n grammarian_n and_o to_o those_o who_o have_v write_v so_o much_o about_o they_o even_o in_o poetry_n itself_o so_o that_o the_o little_a i_o have_v to_o say_v will_v be_v comprise_v in_o one_o part_n and_o my_o unwillingness_n to_o be_v copious_a be_v the_o reason_n which_o oblige_v i_o to_o speak_v still_o less_o of_o the_o poem_n and_o versification_n but_o i_o shall_v write_v very_o full_o of_o the_o fable_n as_o be_v the_o most_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o epopéa_n so_o likewise_o i_o shall_v concern_v it_o a_o form_n and_o its_o matter_n nay_o more_o i_o shall_v handle_v distinct_o the_o moral_n of_o the_o person_n and_o last_o i_o shall_v distinguish_v the_o god_n from_o the_o men._n the_o god_n be_v usual_o express_v by_o the_o name_n of_o machine_n because_o the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o such_o to_o let_v they_o down_o upon_o the_o theatre_n from_o whence_o the_o epopéa_n have_v likewise_o borrow_v the_o name_n according_a to_o this_o account_n this_o treatise_n will_v be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n or_o book_n the_o first_o will_v be_v concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n where_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o fable_n the_o second_o book_n will_v treat_v of_o the_o matter_n or_o of_o the_o epic_a action_n the_o three_o of_o the_o form_n or_o the_o narration_n the_o four_o of_o the_o manner_n and_o character_n of_o humane_a personage_n the_o five_o of_o machine_n or_o of_o the_o presence_n and_o action_n of_o the_o go_n and_o the_o six_o of_o the_o thought_n and_o expression_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o poem_n a_o poem_n be_v a_o discourse_n in_o verse_n and_o a_o verse_n be_v a_o part_n of_o a_o discourse_n measure_v by_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o long_a and_o short_a syllable_n with_o a_o grateful_a cadence_n that_o be_v constant_o repeat_v this_o repetition_n be_v necessary_a to_o distinguish_v the_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o verse_n from_o that_o of_o prose_n for_o in_o prose_n as_o well_o as_o verse_n every_o period_n and_o clause_n be_v so_o many_o part_n of_o a_o discourse_n measure_v by_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o long_a and_o short_a syllable_n but_o prose_n be_v ever_o and_o anon_o alter_v its_o cadence_n and_o measure_n which_o verse_n never_o do_v the_o repetition_n which_o the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o seem_v still_o the_o same_o in_o the_o way_n of_o write_v for_o when_o one_o verse_n be_v finish_v they_o come_v back_o again_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o another_o line_n to_o write_v the_o next_o verse_n and_o this_o come_n back_o again_o be_v that_o which_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o versus_fw-la verse_n and_o this_o name_n in_o latin_a be_v common_a to_o verse_n and_o several_a other_o thing_n that_o be_v range_v as_o they_o be_v in_o different_a line_n as_o tree_n for_o instance_n which_o be_v set_v in_o row_v the_o latin_n call_v verse_n likewise_o by_o the_o name_n of_o carmina_fw-la but_o this_o be_v a_o equivocal_a term_n for_o beside_o its_o signify_v verse_n or_o poem_n it_o may_v be_v use_v to_o express_v other_o thing_n it_o be_v a_o term_n that_o be_v give_v to_o the_o 4._o sing_v of_o bird_n to_o the_o 8._o charm_n of_o magic_n to_o certain_a 1._o form_n of_o law_n to_o 3._o inscription_n or_o device_n to_o 5._o epitaph_n and_o other_o such_o like_a thing_n for_o the_o make_n of_o verse_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o measure_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o syllable_n and_o to_o place_v six_o foot_n just_a after_o one_o another_o in_o the_o same_o line_n there_o must_v be_v likewise_o some_o grateful_a cadence_n of_o which_o there_o be_v several_a rule_n lay_v down_o in_o treat_v about_o caesura_n synalepha_n the_o length_n of_o word_n and_o the_o like_a beside_o this_o there_o must_v be_v some_o tense_n of_o verb_n some_o mood_n some_o regiment_n some_o construction_n and_o some_o word_n proper_a only_o to_o verse_n and_o which_o prose_n know_v nothing_o of_o but_o above_o all_o there_o must_v be_v in_o verse_n the_o turn_v and_o some_o way_n of_o speak_v that_o be_v elevate_v bold_a and_o metaphorical_a which_o be_v so_o proper_a to_o this_o kind_n of_o write_v that_o without_o they_o the_o most_o exact_a place_n of_o long_a and_o short_a syllable_n be_v not_o so_o much_o verse_n as_o prose_n in_o metre_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a these_o bold_a expression_n so_o proper_a to_o verse_n when_o use_v in_o a_o discourse_n that_o have_v not_o foot_n nor_o poetical_a number_n do_v give_v it_o such_o a_o air_n of_o verse_n that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o prose_n as_o a_o kind_n of_o poesy_n without_o number_n and_o as_o horace_n say_v disjecti_fw-la membra_fw-la poetae_fw-la as_o poet._n nature_n do_v not_o inspire_v into_o we_o the_o rule_n of_o poetry_n and_o verse_n so_o neither_o do_v art_n and_o study_n help_v we_o to_o that_o air_n that_o force_n and_o that_o elevation_n in_o which_o horace_n discover_v something_o that_o be_v divine_a and_o which_o only_o make_v a_o man_n deserve_v the_o name_n of_o poet._n this_o be_v a_o accomplishment_n a_o man_n shall_v be_v bear_v with_o owe_v either_o to_o the_o excellency_n of_o his_o nature_n or_o to_o some_o happy_a transport_v but_o withal_o so_o extraordinary_a that_o the_o ancient_n and_o 17._o aristotle_n himself_o style_v they_o fit_v of_o enthusiasm_n or_o frenzy_n yet_o still_o there_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v a_o exact_a and_o solid_a judgement_n to_o master_v this_o frenzy_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o poet._n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o end_n of_o poetry_n be_v to_o please_v that_o its_o cause_n be_v either_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o poet_n nature_n or_o the_o poetic_a frenzy_n and_o these_o transport_v of_o spirit_n that_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o judgement_n it_o be_v matter_n be_v the_o long_a and_o short_a syllable_n the_o number_n it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o and_o the_o word_n which_o grammar_n furnish_v it_o with_o as_o well_o as_o prose_n and_o its_o form_n be_v the_o range_v of_o all_o these_o thing_n in_o such_o exact_a and_o charm_a verse_n as_o may_v best_o
surely_n seneca_n design_n in_o make_v she_o speak_v thus_o be_v only_o to_o put_v her_o audience_n upon_o admire_v her_o fine_a faculty_n of_o discourse_v pro_fw-la and_o con_n and_o what_o a_o great_a many_o pretty_a sentence_n she_o have_v get_v by_o heart_n let_v the_o case_n be_v how_o it_o will_v since_o he_o have_v a_o design_n to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o nurse_n to_o debauch_v the_o chaste_a resolution_n of_o hippolytus_n he_o make_v she_o speak_v well_o enough_o this_o second_o speech_n and_o he_o reassumes_a the_o poetical_a goodness_n when_o he_o quite_o the_o moral_a goodness_n and_o when_o he_o make_v she_o vent_v such_o profligate_v maxim_n since_o then_o the_o goodness_n that_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o poetical_a manner_n be_v to_o make_v they_o appear_v such_o as_o they_o be_v it_o be_v necessary_a to_o observe_v what_o be_v the_o thing_n that_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o personage_n the_o first_o thing_n be_v the_o speech_n and_o action_n 15._o there_o be_v manner_n in_o a_o poem_n say_v aristotle_n if_o as_o we_o say_v the_o speech_n and_o the_o action_n discover_v to_o we_o any_o inclination_n the_o poet_n make_v his_o personage_n speak_v and_o act_v as_o he_o please_v so_o that_o these_o two_o thing_n be_v owe_v to_o he_o they_o be_v whole_o at_o his_o disposal_n and_o they_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n when_o the_o manner_n be_v well_o express_v after_o this_o way_n they_o be_v denote_v pure_o and_o simple_o by_o the_o term_n good_a and_o this_o ibid._n goodness_n make_v their_o first_o qualification_n aristotle_n place_n it_o in_o the_o front_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o exact_o observe_v poet._n horace_n likewise_o order_v the_o poet_n to_o be_v exact_a in_o demonstrate_v the_o manner_n the_o second_o thing_n be_v the_o knowledge_n which_o a_o genius_n study_n and_o experience_n give_v we_o of_o the_o inclination_n that_o be_v proper_a to_o each_o person_n according_a to_o the_o complexion_n the_o dignity_n and_o all_o the_o other_o cause_n whether_o natural_a or_o acquire_v internal_a or_o external_a all_o which_o we_o mention_v before_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o poet_n have_v give_v the_o dignity_n of_o a_o king_n to_o one_o of_o his_o personage_n without_o hear_v he_o speak_v or_o see_v he_o act_n we_o know_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v grave_n majestical_a jealous_a of_o his_o authority_n and_o the_o like_a the_o inclination_n shall_v be_v suitable_a to_o that_o which_o the_o poet_n have_v propose_v and_o poet._n this_o conformity_n and_o suitableness_n make_v the_o second_o qualification_n of_o the_o manner_n the_o three_o thing_n be_v the_o knowledge_n which_o we_o deduce_v from_o the_o fable_n or_o the_o history_n this_o sort_n of_o discovery_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o common_a opinion_n or_o fame_n for_o the_o reason_n we_o have_v already_o mention_v so_o that_o when_o a_o poet_n have_v name_v alexander_n we_o know_v that_o the_o inclination_n of_o this_o personage_n be_v all_o for_o greatness_n and_o glory_n and_o that_o his_o ambition_n be_v large_a than_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n if_o he_o introduce_v achilles_n we_o know_v he_o be_v angry_a passionate_a and_o impatient_a the_o manner_n of_o these_o hero_n in_o the_o poem_n shall_v be_v like_a to_o that_o which_o fame_n have_v report_v of_o they_o and_o this_o resemblance_n poet._n make_v the_o three_o qualification_n of_o the_o manner_n last_o because_o the_o poem_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n as_o the_o aeneid_n the_o one_o half_n whereof_o require_v piety_n and_o patience_n and_o the_o other_o violence_n and_o war_n a_o man_n may_v fancy_n according_a to_o these_o so_o different_a state_n he_o may_v likewise_o make_v the_o character_n of_o his_o hero_n different_a and_o then_o the_o manner_n of_o each_o part_n will_v be_v good_a in_o particular_a but_o because_o the_o speech_n and_o the_o action_n of_o the_o first_o part_n have_v discover_v the_o inclination_n which_o the_o poet_n give_v his_o hero_n and_o because_o the_o reader_n see_v it_o be_v so_o in_o the_o fable_n and_o history_n and_o have_v the_o same_o effect_v as_o common_a fame_n this_o will_v be_v to_o offend_v against_o the_o first_o and_o three_o qualification_n if_o we_o change_v the_o character_n that_o be_v know_v from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o poet_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v it_o constant_a and_o even_o that_o be_v such_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o poem_n as_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o this_o poet._n evenness_n of_o the_o character_n be_v the_o four_o qualification_n of_o the_o manner_n so_o that_o there_o be_v four_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o manner_n first_o that_o they_o be_v good_a second_o suitable_a three_o likely_a and_o four_a even_o these_o four_o qualification_n be_v comprehend_v in_o aristotle_n definition_n so_o that_o if_o one_o shall_v transgress_v any_o one_o of_o these_o he_o will_v transgress_v this_o definition_n by_o make_v we_o pass_v a_o wrong_a judgement_n upon_o the_o inolination_n of_o a_o personage_n and_o the_o resolution_n he_o ought_v to_o take_v the_o most_o important_a and_o hard_a thing_n be_v to_o distinguish_v these_o two_o sort_n of_o goodness_n in_o the_o manner_n the_o one_o which_o we_o may_v call_v moral_a goodness_n and_o which_o be_v proper_a to_o virtue_n and_o the_o other_o poetical_a to_o which_o the_o most_o vicious_a man_n have_v as_o much_o right_n as_o the_o virtuous_a it_o consist_v only_o in_o the_o skill_n of_o the_o poet_n to_o discover_v right_o the_o inclination_n of_o those_o he_o make_v to_o speak_v and_o act_v in_o his_o poem_n that_o which_o raise_v the_o great_a scruple_n be_v that_o the_o poetical_a manner_n suppose_v the_o other_o and_o aristotle_n not_o only_o speak_v of_o these_o two_o sort_n in_o his_o poesy_n but_o far_o he_o make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d term_n to_o express_v these_o two_o sort_n of_o goodness_n to_o wind_v ourselves_o out_o of_o this_o difficulty_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o begin_v here_o by_o examine_v whether_o according_a to_o aristotle_n the_o poetical_a hero_n ought_v necessary_o to_o be_v a_o honest_a and_o virtuous_a man._n for_o if_o this_o be_v not_o so_o then_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o when_o aristotle_n require_v for_o the_o first_o and_o most_o principal_a quality_n of_o the_o manner_n that_o they_o be_v good_a he_o will_v not_o be_v understand_v to_o speak_v of_o that_o moral_a goodness_n which_o make_v man_n good_a and_o which_o be_v inseparable_a from_o virtue_n so_o that_o though_o we_o do_v not_o perhaps_o penetrate_v through_o all_o the_o obscurity_n of_o this_o expression_n yet_o we_o shall_v at_o least_o know_v the_o bottom_n of_o his_o thought_n and_o since_o this_o question_n be_v necessary_a we_o shall_v not_o stick_v to_o add_v reason_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o other_o to_o that_o of_o aristotle_n and_o that_o will_v establish_v it_o the_o better_a chap._n v._o whether_o the_o hero_n of_o the_o poem_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o honest_a man_n or_o no_o this_o question_n will_v seem_v unreasonable_a to_o those_o who_o have_v but_o one_o single_a idea_n of_o their_o hero_n and_o who_o acknowledge_v none_o of_o that_o name_n but_o those_o excellent_a man_n who_o be_v endue_v with_o every_o virtue_n be_v master_n of_o their_o passion_n and_o all_o their_o inclination_n and_o who_o a_o excellent_a and_o divine_a nature_n raise_v above_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n but_o neither_o the_o ancient_a poet_n nor_o the_o master_n of_o this_o art_n ever_o think_v of_o place_v their_o hero_n in_o so_o high_a a_o sphere_n without_o think_v it_o lawful_a to_o put_v they_o in_o a_o low_a form_n it_o be_v requisite_a then_o to_o make_v the_o same_o distinction_n between_o a_o hero_n in_o morality_n and_o a_o hero_n in_o poetry_n as_o we_o do_v between_o moral_a and_o poetical_a goodness_n and_o to_o say_v that_o achilles_n and_o mezentius_n have_v as_o much_o right_n to_o the_o poetical_a goodness_n as_o ulysses_n and_o aeneas_n so_o that_o these_o two_o cruel_a and_o unjust_a man_n be_v as_o regular_a hero_n of_o poetry_n as_o these_o two_o prince_n that_o be_v so_o just_a so_o wise_a and_o so_o good_n in_o the_o poem_n itself_o this_o term_n admit_v of_o two_o sense_n sometime_o it_o signify_v indifferent_o all_o the_o person_n of_o note_n so_o that_o not_o only_a aeneas_n and_o turnus_n but_o likewise_o entellus_n in_o the_o sport_n of_o the_o five_o book_n and_o misenus_n the_o trumpeter_n of_o aeneas_n in_o the_o six_o be_v style_v hero_n by_o the_o poet._n but_o though_o the_o name_n of_o hero_n may_v be_v also_o bestow_v on_o other_o personage_n yet_o there_o be_v so_o particular_a a_o application_n of_o it_o make_v to_o the_o first_o that_o when_o one_o