〈◊〉 i. e. reddendi aesari quae sunt Caesaris 2. For Kings more especially that they may truely understand the due limitation of this Commission and in what things God hath reserved the power entire to himselfe and to conscience his highest and most immediate deputy and substitute for direction of the Kings duty of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. reddendi Deo quae sunt Dei For as it is sacrilegious in Subjects to intrude upon the sacred Rights and Prerogatives of Kings and to act in any thing as Judges or Commanders without Commission from him so is it much more sacrilegious in Kings to intrude upon the more sacred Rights and Prerogatives of God and to act as Gods Lords and Masters over their Subjects in those matters whereunto their Commission from God doth not extend nor invest them with a right of power and dominion over their Subjects Now to give a direct answer to this Quaere it will be requisite to premise some distinctions concerning the object of Politicall Cognizance which is two-fold viz. Objectum per se Objectum per accidens 1. Objectum per se which is the direct and immediate Object of Politicall Cognizance consists in the Fundamentals and Essentials of Politick Government being such causes and matters wherein the King may lawfully exercise both his Legislative and Judiciarie power over all persons within his Dominions both Ecclesiasticall and Civill 2. Objectum per accidens which is the indirect and accidentall Object of Political Cognizance consists in the Contingentials of Politique Government being such causes and matters wherein the King may lawfully exercise both his Legislative and Judiciarie power over some persons of both sorts whether Ecclesiasticall or Civill but not over some of either sort although they be his native Subjects inhabiting within his owne Dominions The discussion of which two points manifesting what doth fall directly and what ex accidenti within the sphere of Politicall Cognizance will be a full and direct Solution of the former part of this Quaere from whence it will be easie to conclude what are extra-regalia and Metapoliticall matters The judgement whereof God hath reserved immediately to himselfe and conscience his immediate Deputy and Vicegerent in all humane affaires and wherein the King cannot exercise either his Legislative or Judiciarie power without guilt of sacrilegious intrusion which will be a direct and full answer to the latter part of this Quaere The point which our method presents unto our scrutiny in the first place is the Objectum per se of Politicall Cognizance which as we said consists in the Essentials and Fundamentals of Politick Government which are twofold viz. Nativa Praeternativa 1. The Native Fundamentals and Essentials of Politick Government are such causes and matters as were of Political Cognizance upon the first originall Institution of that Government when mans innate knowledge and native light of understanding was sufficient for the direction of his duty without the help of positive Lawes and Statutes and the native rectitude and inclination of mans will was sufficient to excite the performance of his duty without the help of any Judiciarie inducements either Compensatorie or Vindicative But for the more full and facile investigation and discovery of these Fundamentals and Essentials these two expedients are conducible 1. The consideration of the time when 2. Of the grounds whereupon Politick Government was first instituted by God 1. The time when Politick Government was first instituted was immediately upon mans first creation in the state of Innocency and under the old Covenant of Workes for Politick Government as we formerly manifested is a naturall blessing enabling man for the due performance of his naturall duties and grounded upon the fifth Commandement of the Morall Law prescribing honour to Parents which commenced upon mans first creation before Adams Apostasie by virtue of which law of Nature the Herauldrie of Sub Supra did then receive a being amongst men and Parents by virtue of that naturall law were invested with a power and dominion over their Children and Children obliged unto the duties of subjection and obedience to their Parents So that though Adams sinfull prevarication had never devested himselfe and his posterity of their native Prerogatives yet this graduall Herauldry of Sub Supra supereminencing Parents above their Children should have had its due and naturall influence upon mankind For even Christ himselfe although totally exempted from all manner of enormous guilt both actuall and originall yet was not exempted from this duty of subjection to his parents Luke 2.51 Whence it is manifest in the first place that the Native Fundamentals and Essentials are onely naturall duties consisting in the right use of those naturall blessings wherewith God did invest man upon his first creation before his Apostasie purposely to enable him for the exact and due performance of those duties which God required of him in the state of Innocency under the old Covenant of Workes And therefore as the duties which God did then require of man were partly Internall partly Externall so did he conferre upon man two sorts of naturall blessings correspondent unto these duties 1. Internall blessings which are bona animi or the blessings of the soule 2. Externall which are bona corporis fortunae the right use of which two sorts of naturall blessings is the very summe and substance of all the naturall duties expressed in the Decalogue or law of Nature which was the Rule of all humane actions before Adams Apostasie For the regulation of all Internall acts of the understanding and will which are the faculties of our soules was prescribed in the first and last precepts of that law of Nature And the regulation of all Externall actions concerning the body and those naturall creatures which God made for the use and service thereof was prescribed in the other eight And other duties then these were not at that time either knowne unto man or required of him by God so that no Politicall or Monarchicall power could possibly at that time be extended to any other matters but onely these naturall duties prescribed in the Decalogue A further restriction also of which power is prescribed in the second expedient conducing to the Investigation of the Native Essentials and Fundamentals of Politick Government which is the grounds whereupon it was instituted 2. The grounds of the institution of Politick Government are two viz. Primarie and Secondarie 1. The Primarie ground is the power of communicating a being and existence which indeed is the very ground whereupon the Holy Ghost doth demonstrate the Deity and prove the Lord alone to be God and to have the sole right of power and dominion over man because God alone doth communicate life and being and all things unto man Acts 17.24 For because it is he that made us and not we our selves therefore we must wholly devote our selves to his worship and service as his people and servants Psal
the manner of his production naturall either by Creation or generation but supernaturall and Mysticall by an incomprehensible Oâ—â—mbration of the Holy Ghost And as the person and conception of Christ did transcend the knowledge both of men and Angels so likewise did the offices of Christ and all his Acts of Mediation and all those Divine Graces viz Faith Hope Charitie which invest it with a reall Right and interest therein And therfore there was never one sillable so much us muttered by any heathen Philosopher or other prophane writer concerning any of these nor is it possible to attaine the least glimps of knowledg concerning them by any other meanes then the Immediate revelations of the spirit of God Quaere It may be demanded how these meer naturall gifts and blessings in heathens should be a meanes of salvation seeing no man by them can possibly attaine the knowledge of Christ the sole fountaine of life And therefore why heathen men should be damned to whom God never since the publication of that Generall pardon by Christ Imparted the meanes to be saved Sol. Though these naturall gifts and blessings in heathens be not the direct and Immediate meanes to attaine the knowledge of Christ yet they are the Remote and occasionall meanes because they are sufficient lights to discover unto men the insufficiencie of their owne abilities to performe those duties which the Law of God and nature exacteth And by that meanes to occasion to seek for life and Salvation elsewhere as the Aethiopian Eunuch did and the converted Thiefe who acknowledging his own unrighteousnesse sought to Christ for refuge and according to the rule of Petenti Dabitur obtained what he sought though he never knew the Scriptures And therefore it is but justice that those heathens who doe not rightly imploy that one talent which S. Paul affirmeth they have received from God Rom. 1. should receive their wages with the evill and sloathfull servants though theis woes shall not be equall to the woes of those Caytiffes who have mis-imployed five talents viz. 1. The talent of naturall gifts and blessings 2. The talent of Religious Education 3. The talent of Gods Word and Sacraments 4. Of Religious Magistracie 5. Of a learned Ministery Now this Jus Divinum is that which doth properly claime a place in that Government which concerneth heathen men without the bosome of the Church and Ignorant of the will of God Revealed concerning Christ the Mediator Which is the ground of Jus Divinum Immediatum 2. Immediate Divine Right is that which is grounded upon Subdivision 7 the will of God concerning the manifestation of his mercy in Christ by vouchsafing unto men the direct and Immediate meanes unto life and Salvation in the Revelations of Gods spirit concerning Christ and his merits and all other matters which relate to him And this Jus Divinum is twofold Extraordinarium Ordinarium 1. Extraordinarie Divine Right is that which is grounded upon the will of God concerning the Manifestation of his mercie in Christ by the Immediate extraordinary revelations of his spirit concerning the mystery of salvation by Christ which was the means which God vouchsafed unto Adam divers of the patriarks Prophets and Disciples of Christ and the converted Thief also before the knowledge of Christs Gospell was fully compleated in the writings of the Prophets and Apostles of which the Apostle maketh mention Heb. 1. And this Ius Divinum in regard it relateth either to particular times particular persons or particular occasions cannot properly claime a place in Government which concerneth the constant Ordering of a societie of men 2. Ordinarie Divine Right is that which is grounded upon the will of God concerning the Manifestation of his mercie in Christ by the Ordinarie Revelations of his Spirit declared in the writing of the Prophets and Apostles which we commonly call the Scriptures which were published by the speciall mercy of God for a light and guide to his visible Church in all truths requisite to Salvation by Christ And this Jus Divinum is two-fold Supernaturale Naturale Subdivision 8 1. Supernaturall Divine Right is that which is grounded upon the will of God revealed in the Scriptures concerning those Supernaturall truths which are the proper and Immediate meanes of Salvation by Christ and not attainable by any other meanes but onely by Divine Revelations And these are of two sorts 1. Such truthes wherein Christ hath expresly made any of his love to us And these againe are twofold 1. Such as are the object of Christian faith and those are such things as Christ hath done and acted for our sakes for the Reconciliation of us to God as the assumption of our nature and the offering it up againe for a sacrifice to God and all other naturall acts of Mediation which is the substance and contents of a Christians Creed 2. Such as are the object of Christian hope and those are such blessings as Christ by his act of Mediation hath made us capable of and which for his sake we expect by prayer to receive from God and those are the Supernaturall blessings and habits of Faith Hope and Charitie which enable us for the performance of our Christian duties and all those Supernaturall blessings which are the reward of those duties and these are the substance and contents of our devotions 2. The second sort of Supernaturall truths revealed in Scriptures are such wherein we retaine an expresse of our love to Christ proportionable to those blessings which we have received of his love to us And those are such truthes which are the object of our Charity and rules of Christian dutyes of which truths Christ meant when he said If you know these things happy are ye if ye do them Now these Christian duties are of two sorts viz either meerly or mixtly Evangelicall 1. Meerly Evangelicall are those which consist in the right use of Evangelical and Supernaturall gifts and blessings such as are the gifts of prophesying healing working of miracles and the like mentioned by Saint Paul 1. Cor. 12. which duties were of no use at all under the old Covenant of works but were instituted by God since the fall of man for the benefit of his Church and for helpes and furtherances to Christian men in the performance of Christian duties 2. Mixtly Evangelical duties are those which consist in the right use of Natural blessings and which received their first sanction from God in Paradise before the Apostasie of man upon which Apostasie that law of nature was absolutely abolished as to that use to be a Rule and ground for the Salvation and damnation of man For no man is now damned because he transgresseth that law of nature but because of Infidelity Despair and hatred of Christ which are the opposite vices to Faith Hope Charitie which consist in the knowledge confidence and love of Christ which that law never any way related unto But yet the same law and Rule received a
power to prescribe Laws for to enforce the practise of such duties upon other persons to whom God hath not vouchsafed that understanding knowledge concerning these duties But now for a further illustration of the premises and to frame a more direct full and satisfactory answer to the Quaere concerning the due limitation and extent of the Kings power I will here set downe a briefe Analysis of the whole duty of man the regulation whereof is the very designe of that Power and Dominion which God hath either delegated unto the King or reserved unto himselfe and conscience touching humane affaires And from thence demonstrate 1. Unto what duties the Kings power doth properly and directly extend so that he may lawfully exercise the same over all persons within his Dominions whether Ecclesiasticall or Civill for the regulation of such duties 2. Unto what duties the Kings Power doth extend onely indirectly and per accidens so that he may lawfully exercise his power over some persons within his Dominions of both sorts but not over other some of either sort for the regulation of those duties 3. Unto what duties the Kings Power doth no way extend neither derectly nor indirectly so that he may not exercise the same over any person within his Dominions whether Ecclesiasticall or Civill for the regulation of those duties The duty of man is twofold 1. Naturall which is the duty of man quà homo rationalis and is expressed in the law of nature divided by Christ Mat. 22. into two parts or tables 1. Containes the duty of man towards God and consists in a love exceeding all selfe-love Ver. 37. And this duty is twofold 1. Internall consisting in the service and worship of God by the inward acts of the soule i. e. of the understanding will and affections of man and in a due returne of the bona animi which God hath conferted upon man And this part of mans duty is prescribed in the first Commandement 2. Externall which consists in honouring God by outward actions and in a due returne of those hona corporis fortuna which God hath conferred upon man And this is twofold 1. Originall and Primarie which is that honour worship and service which both Moses Deut. 6.13 and Christ Mat. 4.10 â—mits solely unto God And is twofold 1. Private consisting in personall honour and worship of God which is twofold 1. Corporall consisting in the outward gestures of the body Prescribed Commandement 2. 2. Vocall consisting in reverent speeches praises of God Prescribed Commandement 3. 2. Publick consisting in the practise of these duties at solemne times and in solemne assemblies Prescribed Commandement 4. 2. Representative and Secondarie which is the honour worship and service due unto Parents Kings and Magistrates as Gods Deputies and Lieutenants Prescribed Commandement 5. which I shall fully demonstrate in the next Chapter to be a Precept of the former Table of the Morall Law and that Kings and Parents in that capacity as Kings and Parents doe relate unto their children and Subjects as Gods and not as Neighbour 2. Containes the duty of man towards his neighbour and consists in a love inferiour unto the love of our selves And is twofold 1. Externall which consists in the performance of externall offices of love and restraint of externall injuries to our neighbour 1. In his owne person Commandement 6. 2. In his second selfe Commandement 7. 3. In his god's Commandement 8. 4. In his good name Commandement 9. 2. Internall consisting in the inward inclination and desire to perform these duties and in the restraint of all inward motions to the sinnes prohibited in these precepts Commandement 10. 2. Evangelicall which is the duty of man quà homo Christianus And is expressed in the Gospel or Law of Christ Which duty is twofold 1. Meerly Evangelicall which consists in the right use of Evangelicall and supernaturall blessings conferred upon particular men for the advancement of the Gospell of Christ as the power of working miracles of prophecying and the like mentioned by Saint Paul 1 Cor. 12. 2. Mixtly Evangelicall which consists in the right use of those naturall blessings which enable men for the performance of the law of nature And therefore these mixtly Evangelicall duties are the same in substance as I shewed before with naturall duties and are differenced after the same manner and regulated by the same precepts of the Moral Law but the difference consists as to our present purpose in the Object and terminus ad quem whereunto these Evangelicall duties do referre which is Christ the Redeemer whereas naturall duties do relate unto God the Creatour both as their object and erd Now from these premises I shall returne a direct answer to the Quaere concerning the extent and limitation of Regall power in three briefe Theses or Corollaries shewing 1. What are omnimodò Regalia 2. What are partìm Regalia and partim extra-regalia 3. What are omnimodò extra-regalia Onely by the way I shall premise another briefe praecognitum to facilitate the understanding of these ensuing Corollaries Note viz. That in regard the opinions of Heathens Jewes and Christians doe generally concenter in the due extent and limitation of Regall power in order to the duties of the second Table my present discourse shall onely referre unto the duties of the first Table of the Morall Law for two reasons 1. Because the people are most subject to offend in these duties and that two wayes 1. Through errour because these duties do most transcend their naturall reason 2. Through zeale because they conceive these duties most neerly to concerne their eternall and spirituall happinesse and welfare 2. Because Kings and Magistrates are or at least wise ought to be most diligent in the reformation and punishment of offences which immediately concerne God and Religion because the promotion of Gods honour worship and service is the principall part of the office and calling of Kings and Magistrates the direction of whose precipitate zeale in this point is the absolute designe of this Chapter The first Thesis declaring what are omnimodò Regalia is this Thesis 1. All Externall duties prescribed in the foure last precepts of the first Table of the Morall Law are directly and properly of Politicall Cognizance so that the King may lawfully exercise his Legislative power in the composure of Lawes and Statutes for direction of honour worship and service both to God and himselfe and that concerning both publike and private acts of honour and worship whether of the body or of the tongue and here the disposall and ordering of our estates i. e. the bona fortunae as well as bona corporis must be presupposed to be directly of the same cognizance and to pertaine to the same power For Solomon commands to honour the Lord with our substance Prov. 3.9 and God ordained parents and Kings to be his instruments in the impartment of these outward blessings of fortune as well as the blessings of the
preserve our owne may destroy theirs which Doctrine doth plainly legitimate rebellion by the Law of Nature And therefore to prevent both this and many other dangerous and damnable inferences which may be deduced from this fundamental errour placing this fift Commandement under a wrong genus of the Morall Law and thereby putting a wrong construction upon all the duties therein prescribed I shall endeavour to rectifie this Epidemicall errour by twelve Reasons or Arguments demonstrating this fift Commandement to be a Precept not of the second but of the first Table of the Morall Law Whereof The first foure doe conclude the Negative part that it is not a Precept of the second Table The latter eight the Affirmative part that it is a Precept of the first Table The Negative part that it is no Precept of the second Table appeares 1. By Saint Pauls exposition of that lesser Commandement whereby Christ divides the second Table from the first viz. Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thy selfe under which Commandement saith the Apostle are comprehended all the Precepts of the second Table relating to our neighbour and particularizing them mentions onely the last five Rom. 13.9 Ob. You will say though he specifie no other but the five last Precepts of the Decalogue yet he intimateth in that verse that some other Commandement is also comprehended in this saying Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thy selfe which other Commandement must needs be this of obedience to parents Sol. By other Commandement the Apostle doth not mean any of the other five which are specifically distinct from these five but other particular branches of these five Negative Commandements of the second Table each of which comprehends many particulars under them and that hee doth not thereby understand this fift Commandement which is an Affirmative Precept is manifest from the Reason alledged by the Apostle in the subsequent verse shewing why and how this love of our neighbour is the fulfilling of the Law of the second Table For saith he love worketh no ill to his neighbour therefore is love the fulfilling of the Law Ver. 10. Where you may observe that all the duties of the second Table relating to our neighbour are grounded primarily upon the Negative effects of our love which is the not doing ill to our neighbour for not our neighbour but our selves are the immediate object of the positive effects of our love and so the Precepts are all exprest by way of negation But the duties of the fift Commandement are of a different nature and consists primarily in the positive effects of our love and therefore this Precept is exprest by way of affirmation both in the Decalogue Exod. 20. and by Saint Paul in the first verse of this Chapter For first he commands us to submit our selves to higher Powers that is to perform and execute their commands when they are not contrary to Gods Precepts and this is the immediate and primary duty of this fift Commandement and in the next verse hee prohibits all resistance though their commands be such as we judge to be contrary to Gods Precepts and this is the consequentiall and secondarie duty of the same Commandement A second Reason why this fift Commandement cannot be a precept of the second Table is because such a Commandement would be superfluous in the second Table for if the honour and obedience due to Kings and parents were duties of the second Table then they should be grounded upon such a love as is inferiour unto and to be measured by the love of our selves and wee should yeeld our obedience and submission to their commands onely when we judged them to conduce unto our own good and benefit whereupon it would follow that the honour due to Kings and parents should be no other then what is due to our friend or servant or any other neighbour for nature teacheth us to obey and execute their commands when we conceive them to conduce unto our owne advantage and so this fift Commandement should be altogether superfluous And therefore cannot be a Precept of the second Table The third reason why this fift Commandement cannot be a Precept of the second Table is because God doth not permit us to accuse or testifie against our parents upon any occasion no not in case of Idolatry wherein wee were not to pity or spare any neighbour how neare and dear soever they were unto us whether it were brother childe wife or friend but were to accuse them and testifie against them and to execute the sentence of death upon them with our owne hands Deut. 13.6 7 8 9 10. yea if it were a whole city that were guilty of this sinne it was to be destroyed Ver. 15. Yet in this strict charge concerning Idolatrous neighbours of so neere relation the Text doth not mention any man or woman who hath the relation of a father or mother to us thereby differencing them from all neighbours whatsoever And Solomons exposition of this fift Commandement makes this more cleare and evident Eccles 10.20 where he extends the honour and reverence due to Kings unto the very thoughts and imaginations of the heart notwithstanding they were both Fooles Tyrants and Idolaters for when Solomon prohibited the cursing of the King yea even in the thought he was not ignorant that Saul had beene a Tyrant himselfe an Idolater and that his sonne Rehoboam who should succeed him was a Fool. But it was never prohibited to speake or think evill of any friend or neighbour who was guilty of these crimes nay we are commanded to accuse them of evill Ob. You will say What must men then thinke and beleeve manifest lies Must we neither say nor thinke that those Kings are evill and wicked which manifest themselves to be such in all their actions such as Jeroboam Ahab Manasses Nebuchadnezzar whom the Scriptures record for most infamous and notorious sinners and may not we speake or thinke that for which we have the warrant of Scripture Sol. Kings in reference to their duty towards God may be more wicked then any other men because they may offend in a double capacity 1. In their naturall as men and professores fidei by transgressing of Gods Commandements which doe oblige them equally as they do other men 2. In their Politick as Gods Deputies and propugnatores fidei by breach of that trust which God hath reposed in them for ruling and judging of the people committed to their care and protection according to Justice and Equity But in reference to their duty towards us though themselves may be wicked yet they cannot doe wicked things as I shewed in the last Chapter that is they cannot inflict any thing upon us but that which God hath decreed to fall upon us for our sinnes as the Holy Ghost testifieth of Pilates sentence against Christ Acts 4. so that the evill which they doe to us is just in respect of us though it be never so unjustly executed by them So that
within that Sacred Cirumferancce in a manner through my whole discourse of Monarchie The defects whereof do not proceed from any barrennesse or unaptnesse in the soyl to bear a crop of this kind of grain answerable to the expectation of the most Criticall Statist but meerly from the insufficiencies of the Husbandman whose Indexterity hath reaped this sorrie Crop out of that fruitfull and Luxuriant soyl And to the intent Your Majesty may take a superficiall survey of the whole Treatise I have thereunto prefixed a briefe Analysis representing both the summe and Method of the same purposely thereby to direct Your Princely eye unto that part which Your Majesty shall judge worthy Your perusal though indeed the part which above others I designed for that honour was the tenth Chapter of the second book in the penning whereof I had a more particular eye upon Your Majestyes Immediate service then in any other Because I conceived the subject thereof being the due limitation of Regal Power in ordine ad extra regalia to be of the most Immediate concernment to Your Majesty And thereupon also presumed that it would not disgust Your Majesty although it was served up from the hands of an unskilful Cook no way gifted for seasoning a discourse to relish a Palate so exquisitely judicious as I know Your Majesties to be Onely my former experience of Your Majesties gracious indulgence in vouchsafing me the honour to tast of such homely fare as my rude pen and fancy which Nature did never aptate for courtly flourishes of wit or eloquence the proper food for Princely eyes have made an Extemporary provision of hath grounded a confidence in me to present unto Your Majesty this unpolish'd publication of mine own judgment in a busines so far transcending my mean abilities that I prognosticate a necessity of my betraying much weaknesse insufficiency therein which I resolve rather to expose to the worlds censure then to betray the least want of duty or affection to the service of a Master who hath honoured me with so high a trust as sometimes Your Majesty was pleased to repose in me whereof I conceive I could not shew my selfe any way more unworthy then by my silence in a businesse seeming to my apprehension of so great importance to Your Majesties present and future happinesse And therefore to insinuate the promptitude and devotion of my soul to make true payment unto Your Majesty of my due debt of duty and service surmounting the proportion of ten thousand Talents though the summa totalis of my abilities did never equivaliZe account to one hundred pence I have compiled this trifling Treatise for the Patrocination whereof I have presumed to make my addresses to Your most Sacred Majesty For though I know nothing wherefore it should find acceptance or entertainment in the world either for its own sake or its Fathers yet I doubt not but the Relation of so Illustrious and eminent a God-Father may put an estimate upon it in those eyes from which it could never otherwise expect an auspicious glance But lest I should adde the irksomnesse of Impertinent prolixity unto my other innumerous exorbitances I will conclude these Dedicatory addresses with that short Petition which Your Majestyes customary Indulgence hath taught me to ask viz That what Your Majesty shall herein find to be ill spoken you would be gratiously pleased to interpret to be well meant By From my Close Prison in the Tower 9. Sept. 1647. Your MAIESTYES Most Loyal subject and most humble and dutifully affectionate Servant Michael Hudson The Analysis of the Whole Government 1. Naturall which is the subject of the first book Analysis Lib. 1. Concerning Natural Government Two things are considerable 1. The Nature and Originall thereof of which Chap. 1. The species thereof which are 1. Internall Government over the Immediate acts and effects of the soul or Internall form of the Creature The exercise whereof doth pertain onely unto God himself Chap. 2. and 3. 2 Externall over the External actions and motions Of the creature which is two-fold 1. Extraordinary and Miraculous the exercise whereof doth pertain likewise onely unto God himself Chap. 4. 2. common and ordinary which is two-fold 1. Primitive and Original the which kind God himself also doth Immediately exercise in his Externall acts of providence over all his creatures Chap. 5. 2. Derivâ—tive Instrumental which one Creature by Divine Ordinance doth exercise over another And this is two-fold 1. General which is the order and Government established by God amongst the three Immediate species of the universe viz. Angels men and Naturall Agents And of this there are two sorts 1. That which Angels do exercise over both the other two species viz. Intellectual and nâ—turall Agents ch 6 2. That wch the Intellectual Agents doe exercise over the naturall Chap. 7. 2. Particular which is the Order and Government established by God amongst the particulars of each of these three species of the universe wherein is declared the degrees of subordination amongst 1. The Angels themselves 2. Natural Agents themselves 3. Intellectuall Agents themselves which is the ground of Politique Government the onely Legitimate spece whereof is Monarchie as is declared in the second book Chap. 8. Treatise manifesting the Divine Right of 2. Politique the onely Legitimate spece whereof is Monarchie which is the subject of the second book Analysis Lib. 2. Monarchie is considerable in a Triple capacity 1. Moral is it relateth to the habit of prudence which is the abstract consideration thereof according to its Essence in which sense it is the subject of the five first Chapters of this second book wherein is shewed 1. The nature of Monarchie and of that Jus Divinum whereof it doth participate and that Monarchie in its Moral and Natural capacitie is June Divino implicito and in its Theological acception Iure Divino Explicito Chap. 1. 2. What those six several Divine sanctions are which entitle Monarchie to this Ius Divinum Implicituâ— Chap. 2. 3. The nature of Polarchie which is the opposite curse and privation of the blessing of Monarchie and of thâ—t â—us Divinum whereof it doth participate Chap. 3. 4. What the six severall Maledictions are which declare Polarchie to be â—uâ—e Divino Vindicaâ—ivo as Monarchie is Gratiosâ— Chap. 4. 5. The laudable expediencie of reducing every Polarchie to a Monarchie and the criminal inexpedience of translating any Monarchie into a Polâ—rchie Chap. 5. 2. Natural as it relateth to that supremacy which is the ground and matter of Monarchie and of the Monarchs title to the Crownâ— in which sense it is the subject of the three next Chapters wherein is shewed 1. That the title of Popular Election is absolutely and in every case unwarrantable and unlawfull Chap. 6. 2. That the title of Birth-right and Hereditary Succession is the onely title which is ordinarily Lawfull and which can pretend to warrant from the Ordinance of God Chap. 7. 3. That
a place in those sacred Records but though no Polarchie be honoured with any Divine sanction either native or Redemptive being in it self a meer curse in Nature inflicted upon a Nation by Divine Malediction for a punishment thereof as Warre Famine or Pestilence is as I shall shew more at large in the Subsequent Book Yet in Regard many sorts of Polarchie have been honoured with the humane sanction of practise Prescription and Custome both before the Incarnation of Christ by those famous and Renowned Common-wealths prem-entioned and also of late yeares by some Christian Common-wealths Although there be no more Divinity in any sort Polarchie or any more warrantable grounds in Scripture Nature or Reason for any man to attempt or endeavour the Erection or institution of any Polarchicall Government then there is for men to contend for Ignorance Diseases Mutilations Poverty or any other Curse and Punishment It will be requisite to speak something concerning the Nature and Originall thereof as a vice corruption and Privation of Monarchy the onely Divine and Native Policy The Divine Right whereof is declared in the next Book FINIS Libri Primi THE SECOND BOOK Declaring the DIVINE RIGHT of MONARCHIE CHAP. I. Of the Nature of Monarchie and that Jus Divinum whereof it doth Participate MY Pen is now at length arrived upon that wished coast whereunto it hath with constant pace directed its course through all those obscure and uncouch pathes wherein it hath wandered in the several Chapters of the former Book for the Investigation of a Jus Divinum in every kind of Order and Government which God hath established amongst his creatures 1. In their General Relation to himself their Creator 2. In the specificall relations of the three different kinds of creatures to one another 3. In the mutuall relations of the particulars of each kind amongst themselves Each of which several kinds of Government I have already manifested to participate of some such species of that Jus Divinum whereof I promised an explication in the Introduction to this Treatise as was most proper and suitable unto the nature of those creatures which were therein concerned In which precedent expresses if either my brevity seem culpable or my obscurity the Individual attendant thereof unsatisfactorie although I will not Apologize for mine own disabilities whereof I am too abundantly conscious yet I desire the Reader to consider that my first Intention was to premise onely a Cursory explication of these parts and species of Natural Government as procognita for an introduction to the treatise of Monarchie which I shall manifest to be the onely sort of Politick Government warranted either by God or nature Divine Right whereof I shall endeavour to Demonstrate in the sequel of this Book in all its several causes parts and capacities according to the Method proposed in the Frontispice of this Treatise representing the scope and substance thereof wherein we promised a manifesto of the Divine Right of Monarchie in Relation unto 1. It s Originall and Efficacie 2. It s Forme and Essence 3. It s Ground and matter 4. It s end and vse Which several particulars do present us with a superficiall survey of the nature of Monarchie which may be described two wayes 1. Grammatically by the derivation of the word 2. Logically by the prementioned causes 1 The derivation of the word Monarchie is of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 solus and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Principatus Which word relateth to the active and more noble part of Government according whereunto Monarchie is described to be a Politick Government wherein one person is supream and chief and this indeed is the vsuall description approved by most Authors 2. But that description which is more expressive of the nature of Monarchie may be Logically thus compleated of the prementioned causes thereof Monarchie is a politick Government Instituted by God for the preservation of humane society by the Administration and Exercise of the Supream Power and Authority of one person over all others in the same society The former part of which description expresseth the two External causes of Monarchie the latter the two internall but yet the Externall causes thereof are not herein expressed in that just extent and Latitude as to be an entire and adequate ground of all the parts of our ensuing discourse in this Book concerning the Divine Right of Monarchie For Monarchie doth not onely derive its institution from God the Efficient cause thereof but also many other Divine sanctions Nor is the preservation of humane society the adequate end for which God did institute this Government And therefore though this description reacheth the most and indeed more Divine and transcendent expressions of Monarchie then are Recorded by any Author that I have read upon this subject yet least I should incurre the guilt of that absurdity in my present discourse as to extend my superstructures further then my foundation I shal present the Reader with another description which shall reach all that my pen doth ayme at in this present discovery of the nature and Divine Right of Monarchie which is this MONARCHIE is a Politick Government Instituted and approved by God consisting in the prudentiall administration and exercise of the supream Power and Authority of one Person over all others within the same society for the preservation of Peace and Vnity in Order to Gods glory the Kings honour and the peoples welfare Which description I conceive to be a full expression of all the parts and causes of Monarchie the explication whereof I purpose to be the entire businesse of my ensuing discourse wherein I shall observe the same Method expressed in this present Description 1. Shewing this blessing of Monarchie to derive its Originall from God the Efficient cause thereof and that the Holy Ghost hath also honoured the same with many recommendatory sanctions whereby to evidence the Divine Right thereof and the true and proper distinction of this blessing of Monarchie from the curse of Polarchie all which particulars I have designed for the five first Chapters of this Book which shall declare the nature and Divine Right of Monarchie in its Morall capacity as it is grounded upon the habit of Prudence which though it be not directly a Moral habit yet is the fountain of all Moral acts wherein I hope the Reader shall receive satisfaction concerning the Divine Right of Monarchie in Relation to the efficient and formal causes thereof which are the first two particulars expressed in the definition of Monarchie 2. In the next place I shal speak of this blessing of Monarchie in its natural capacity as it relateth to that supremacie which doth preheminence the Monarch above all others within the same society which I terme natural not so much because it is the material cause and ground of this Natural blessing of Monarchie every Monarch deriving his title to the Crown from this supremacy but rather because Supremacy it self doth ordinarily proceed from a
enormities as are destructive to peace and unity and by consequence to all Politick Association 2. The second spece of the Object of Politicall Cognizance is Objectum per accidens which is the indirect and mediate Object of Politick Government consisting in the Contingentials thereof being such causes and matters wherein the King may exercise both his Legislative and Judiciarie power over some persons both Ecclesiasticall and Civill but not over other some of either sort And these are those supernaturall and Evangelicall duties which were never knowne nor any way usefull upon the first institution of Politick Government under the old Covenant of Workes but were instituted afterward and made ordinances of the new Covenant of Grace not directly for helps of Politick Government but for the immediate meanes and helps to life and salvation by Christ and the advancement of his mysticall kingdome Such as were the Sacraments both of the Old and New Testament which were symbolicall ordinances instituted by God meerely as seales and confirmations of this new Covenant of Grace and also all Evangelicall formes of Worship Government and Discipline relating immediately unto Christ All which are supernaturall duties wherein the light of nature though it were restored to its native and pristine purity is no way conducent to guide or direct us without particular revelations of the Spirit of God declared either by Scripture or some other extraordinary and supernaturall meanes which duties therefore cannot be knowne to Heathens to which God never vouchsafed the benefit of such revelations nor be possibly capable of any legall sanctions from the most prudent and intelligent Legislator that ever sate at sterne in any Heathenish Common-wealth And yet though Heathens cannot be good Christians they may be good Kings as the Holy Ghost testifieth of Cyrus whose Government is much magnified Esay 45. although he understood nothing of these Evangelicall duties which relate to Christ the like Panegyricks are recorded not onely by the Heathenish but also by Christian Authors of the government of Solon of Athens Lycurgus of Lacedemon and Servius Tullius of Rome And this is further manifested by that judicious and rationall answer which Gallio the Romane Deputy returned to the complaints of the Jewes against Paul for preaching against the Jewish Ceremonies and the outward form of worship prescribed by Moses Acts 18.14 15. If it were a matter of wrong or injustice saith Gallio which importeth sins against the law of the second Table or of wicked lewdnesse which importeth sinnes against the law of the first Table of the Morall law then reason would O ye Jewes that I should bear with you But if it be a Question of your law looke ye to it for I will be no Judge of such matters Whence it is observable that though this wise Heathen was perswaded that it was a part of his office and duty to judge of offences against the law of nature whether they were transgressions of the first Table and so immediately against God or of the second Table and so immediately against our neighbour ye he did conclude from the principles of sound reason that the judgement of these Jewish Ceremonies which were not naturall but Evangelicall duties did not pertaine to his Office or Calling So that these Evangelicall duties cannot be directly and per se the Object of Politicall Cognizance or the subject of any positive Law or Statute generally obligatory unto all persons But yet these Evangelicall duties may and doe fall within the sphere of Politicall Cognizance indirectly and per accidens that is in such persons to whom God doth vouchsafe the benefit of these supernaturall revelations for in regard the service and worship of God ought to be the first and principall care of all Kings as well Heathen as Christian according to the Maxime of that * Arist pol. lib. 7 c. 8. knowing Heathen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Religion must be the foundation of all Policy being the most important businesse amongst the affaires of State cementing all societies and energating all lawes as Plutarch well observeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And in regard also that they to whom God hath vouchsafed the knowledge of these Evangelicall and supernaturall duties cannot with a safe conscience serve and worship God after any other manner but that which in their opinion is most consonant to his word and will therefore it is both lawfull and expedient for Kings to exercise both their Legislative power in composure of Lawes and Statutes for directing a laudable conformity amongst these persons in the religious observation and practise of these Evangelicall and supernaturall duties of the Religion and piety whereof they are already sufficiently perswaded and satisfied in their consciences and also their Judiciary power in punishing the contempt or neglect thereof because to such persons there is no medium betweene the practise of these duties and that wicked lewdnesse or profanenesse the restraint and reformation whereof Gallio did acknowledge to be directly a part of the duty of the Magistrates office and calling But for other persons who are not of the same perswasion concerning the Religion of these Evangelicall duties but beleeve the practise thereof to be superstitious and dishonourable to God and another forme of worship to be the onely acceptable service unto him in regard the practise of Evangelicall duties in such persons cannot proceed from faith and trust in God whereby they may expect a blessing from him upon their service and devotion but rather that curse and damnation which Saint Paul affirmeth to be the just merits of all acts of worship which are not of faith but either of doubtfulness or which is worse of perfect hypocrisie and dissimulation Rom. 14. last The enforcement of such a conformity by the Magistrate in Evangelicall worship and service in such persons contrary to their consciences must necessarily render him guilty not onely of their sinnes and thereby liable to that curse and damnation which is due to their hypocrisie and dissimulation whereof hee is in some sense the efficient cause but also of sacrilegious intrusion upon those sacred prerogatives which God hath reserved wholly unto himselfe that is the command and power over mens consciences over which he never appointed any lord or master besides himselfe as the expressions and exhortations both of our Saviour Mat. 23.8 9. and of Saint Paul 1 Cor. 8.6 doe purposely insinuate and whereunto the Kings Commission did never extend Whence it is manifest that Christian Kings may exercise their Legislative power in the composure of Lawes and Statutes to direct a conformity of Evangelicall worship and service in those persons unto whom God hath vouchsafed the true understanding thereof and thereby satisfied their consciences of the Legality and Religion thereof and also his Judiciarie power in rewarding the pious and due observance and punishing the impious contempt and neglect of such duties in the same persons But may not exercise either his Legislative or Judiciary