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nature_n contain_v law_n write_v 4,780 5 7.2022 4 true
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A05111 The logike of the moste excellent philosopher P. Ramus martyr, newly translated, and in diuers places corrected, after the mynde of the author. Per M. Roll. Makylmenæum Scotum, rogatu viri honestissimi, M. Ægidii Hamlini; Dialectica. English Ramus, Petrus, 1515-1572.; MacIlmaine, Rollo. 1574 (1574) STC 15246; ESTC S107927 38,954 102

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authority_n yea_o very_o sharp_o &_o honest_o have_v by_o cogitation_n distingue_a these_o three_o which_o be_v confuse_v for_o whatsoever_o be_v just_a that_o also_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v profitable_a and_o that_o which_o be_v honest_a the_o same_o to_o be_v just_a of_o the_o which_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o whatsoever_o thing_n be_v honest_a the_o same_o to_o be_v profitable_a negant_fw-la general_n that_o thing_n which_o be_v void_a of_o all_o counsel_n can_v not_o be_v govern_v by_o counsel_n but_o love_n be_v void_a of_o all_o counsel_n love_v therefore_o can_v be_v govern_v by_o any_o counsel_n as_o terence_n say_v in_o his_o eunuch_n almost_o under_o the_o same_o form_n affirmant_fw-la special_a these_o consul_n which_o for_o their_o virtue_n be_v choose_v ought_v diligent_o to_o defend_v the_o common_a wealth_n cicero_n be_v choose_v consul_n for_o his_o virtue_n cicero_n therefore_o ought_v diligent_o to_o defend_v the_o common_a wealth_n so_o the_o orator_n 2._o 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thy_o do_n may_v well_o be_v call_v swyppinge_n not_o so_o much_o for_o thy_o name_n although_o thou_o be_v name_v verre_fw-la which_o may_v signify_v a_o swypper_n as_o for_o thy_o manner_n &_o nature_n cicero_n 2._o philip._n bambalio_n be_v father_n to_o thy_o wife_n a_o man_n of_o no_o estimation_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n contemn_v who_o for_o his_o stut_n and_o stamer_v of_o his_o tongue_n and_o dullness_n of_o spirit_n have_v this_o surname_n bambalio_n for_o a_o rebuke_n and_o a_o taunt_n the_o physician_n also_o do_v geve_v name_n to_o their_o herb_n to_o some_o from_o the_o cause_n as_o hirundinaria_n from_o the_o inventor_n filipendula_fw-la from_o the_o form_n to_o other_o some_o from_o the_o effect_n and_o work_n as_o selfwhole_a and_o such_o like_a from_o the_o subject_n and_o place_n as_o parietaria_fw-la and_o sea_n trifolie_a from_o the_o adjointe_n and_o quality_n as_o stynck_v marubium_fw-la dead_a nettle_n from_o the_o similitude_n which_o they_o have_v with_o other_o thing_n as_o mouse_n ear_n fox_n tail_n dog_n tongue_n and_o so_o forth_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o place_n of_o invention_n the_o use_n then_o of_o this_o place_n be_v to_o prove_v or_o disprove_v praise_n or_o dispraise_n any_o thing_n by_o the_o etymology_n of_o it_o as_o in_o the_o former_a example_n thou_o may_v perceive_v cap._n xxiiii_o of_o the_o distribution_n yet_o there_o remain_v of_o the_o argument_n which_o have_v their_o beginning_n of_o other_o the_o distribution_n and_o definition_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o do_v reciprocate_v in_o the_o distribution_n the_o whole_a with_o the_o part_n in_o the_o other_o the_o definition_n and_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v define_v distribution_n be_v a_o division_n of_o the_o whole_a into_o his_o part_n the_o whole_a
art_n be_v contain_v within_o his_o own_o bound_n and_o withhold_v nothing_o appartain_v to_o other_o art_n and_o be_v name_v a_o document_n of_o justice_n the_o three_o that_o every_o thing_n be_v teach_v according_a to_o his_o nature_n that_o be_v general_a thing_n general_o and_o particular_a particular_o and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o document_n of_o wisdom_n cap._n iii_o of_o the_o simple_a proposition_n the_o proposition_n be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_n the_o simple_a with_o the_o which_o a_o simple_a saying_n be_v declare_v and_o therefore_o it_o contaynethe_v a_o simple_a consequent_a which_o if_o it_o do_v affirm_v make_v the_o whole_a to_o affirm_v and_o contrariwise_o if_o it_o deny_v the_o whole_a deny_v as_o fire_o burnethe_v fire_o be_v hot_a fire_o be_v not_o water_n here_o burnethe_v hot_a and_o water_n be_v the_o simple_a consequentes_fw-la upon_o the_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n of_o the_o which_o depend_v the_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o disposition_n of_o thing_n invent_v when_o the_o cause_n be_v join_v with_o the_o effect_n as_o in_o the_o first_o example_n or_o the_o subject_n with_o the_o adjointe_n as_o in_o the_o second_o or_o the_o disagreeable_a with_o the_o disagreeable_a as_o in_o the_o thyrd_o after_o the_o which_o manner_n all_o sort_n of_o argument_n may_v be_v pronounce_v except_o full_a comparison_n and_o distribution_n the_o agreeable_a by_o affirm_v and_o the_o disagreeable_a by_o deny_v the_o simple_a proposition_n be_v either_o general_a or_o special_a general_n when_o it_o speak_v general_o and_o here_o the_o one_o part_n of_o the_o contradiction_n be_v not_o always_o true_a &_o the_o other_o false_a for_o in_o thing_n contingent_a they_o may_v be_v both_o false_a as_o all_o man_n be_v learned_a no_o man_n be_v learned_a and_o in_o thing_n also_o which_o be_v not_o contingent_a as_o all_o live_n thing_n be_v reasonable_a no_o live_n thing_n be_v reasonable_a the_o proposition_n be_v special_a when_o it_o speak_v special_o and_o of_o a_o part_n and_o here_o the_o one_o part_n of_o the_o contradiction_n be_v true_a and_o the_o other_o false_a the_o special_a be_v either_o indefinite_a or_o proper_a indefinite_a when_o it_o speak_v of_o no_o certain_a thing_n as_o some_o man_n be_v learn_v who_o general_a contradiction_n be_v no_o man_n be_v learned_a proper_a when_o the_o consequent_a be_v say_v of_o some_o proper_a name_n as_o fabella_fw-la be_v fair_a who_o contradiction_n be_v fabella_fw-la be_v not_o fair_a cap._n four_o of_o the_o proposition_n compound_v the_o proposition_n compound_n be_v when_o more_o say_n then_o one_o be_v join_v together_o by_o some_o conjunction_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n of_o the_o conjunction_n depend_v the_o affirmation_n of_o the_o whole_a proposition_n and_o here_o the_o one_o part_n of_o the_o contradiction_n be_v true_a and_o the_o other_o be_v false_a the_o compound_a proposition_n be_v either_o congregative_a or_o segregative_a the_o proposition_n be_v congregative_a when_o the_o conjunction_n gatherethe_v and_o be_v either_o copulative_a or_o connexive_a copulative_a when_o the_o conjunction_n be_v copulative_a as_o both_o eurus_n and_o africus_n rush_v forth_o who_o negation_n and_o contradiction_n be_v not_o both_o eurus_n and_o africus_n rush_v forth_o and_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o verity_n of_o the_o proposition_n copulative_a depend_v upon_o the_o verity_n of_o both_o part_n for_o if_o one_o part_n be_v false_a the_o whole_a be_v say_v to_o be_v false_a as_o in_o this_o example_n both_o man_n and_o beast_n be_v reasonable_a the_o whole_a proposition_n be_v false_a because_o the_o last_o part_n be_v false_a hereto_o may_v be_v refer_v the_o proposition_n contain_v the_o relation_n of_o quality_n in_o the_o which_o the_o relation_n stand_v in_o place_n of_o the_o conjunction_n as_o such_o thing_n as_o sleep_v and_o rest_n on_o grass_n to_o weary_a man_n appear_v the_o same_o to_o i_o of_o thy_o sweet_a verse_n the_o melody_n so_o clear_a as_o though_o he_o will_v say_v slepe_z be_v sweet_a to_o weary_a man_n so_o be_v thy_o verse_n to_o i_o who_o negation_n be_v not_o that_o which_o sleep_v and_o rest_n on_o grass_n to_o weary_a man_n appear_v the_o same_o to_o i_o of_o thy_o sweet_a verse_n the_o melody_n so_o clear_a cap._n v._o of_o the_o proposition_n connexive_a the_o proposition_n be_v connexive_a who_o conjunction_n be_v connexive_a as_o if_o thou_o have_v faith_n thou_o must_v have_v charity_n who_o negation_n be_v not_o althyoughe_o thou_o have_v faith_n it_o folowthe_v that_o thou_o must_v have_v charity_n cicero_n de_fw-fr fratre_fw-la neither_o if_o a_o proposition_n be_v true_a or_o false_a by_o and_o by_o it_o follow_v that_o cause_n be_v immutable_a the_o affirmation_n signify_v that_o if_o the_o antecedent_n be_v the_o consequent_a must_v be_v also_o the_o negation_n or_o contradiction_n signify_v that_o although_o the_o antecedent_n be_v the_o consequent_a must_v not_o be_v therefore_o whereby_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o whensoever_o this_o sort_n of_o proposition_n be_v true_a it_o must_v be_v necessary_a also_o the_o necessity_n be_v know_v by_o the_o necessary_a connextion_n of_o the_o part_n and_o not_o by_o the_o verity_n of_o the_o same_o for_o both_o the_o part_n may_v be_v false_a and_o the_o connexion_n necessary_a as_o this_o if_o a_o man_n be_v a_o horse_n he_o have_v four_o foot_n be_v a_o necessary_a connextion_n but_o if_o the_o connextion_n be_v contingent_a and_o only_o for_o his_o probability_n suppose_v to_o be_v there_o arysethe_v no_o necessary_a judgement_n but_o only_a opinion_n as_o terence_n in_o andria_fw-la if_o thou_o do_v that_o pamphile_n this_o be_v the_o last_o day_n that_o ever_o thou_o shall_v see_v i_o the_o proposition_n contain_v the_o relation_n of_o time_n be_v hitherto_o refer_v as_o when_o justice_n be_v maintain_v then_o shall_v peace_n be_v in_o the_o realm_n cap._n vi_o of_o the_o proposition_n segregative_a the_o proposition_n segregative_a be_v who_o conjunction_n do_v segregate_v and_o therefore_o it_o speak_v only_o of_o disagreeable_a argument_n it_o be_v part_v into_o discern_a proposition_n and_o unjoin_v the_o discern_v be_v who_o conjunction_n do_v discern_v cicero_n in_o tusc_n 5._o although_o that_o by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o body_n they_o be_v judge_v yet_o they_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o spirit_n who_o negation_n and_o contradiction_n be_v not_o although_o that_o by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o body_n they_o be_v judge_v they_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o spirit_n this_o sort_n of_o proposition_n be_v true_a when_o both_o the_o part_n be_v true_a and_o discern_v also_o otherwise_o it_o be_v false_a and_o ridiculous_a cap._n vii_o of_o the_o proposition_n unjoin_v the_o proposition_n unjoin_v be_v a_o proposition_n segregate_a who_o conjunction_n do_v unjoine_v as_o either_o it_o be_v night_n or_o day_n all_o live_a thing_n be_v either_o man_n or_o beast_n who_o negation_n be_v it_o be_v not_o either_o day_n or_o night_n all_o live_n thingeh_a be_v not_o either_o man_n or_o beast_n here_o the_o negation_n declare_v that_o the_o one_o part_n or_o the_o other_o be_v not_o true_a of_o necessity_n for_o if_o the_o disjunction_n be_v absolute_o true_a it_o be_v also_o necessary_a and_o the_o part_n oppon_v immediate_o one_o to_o another_o yet_o although_o the_o true_a disjunction_n be_v necessary_a also_o it_o be_v not_o require_v that_o the_o part_n separate_v be_v necessary_a as_o this_o be_v a_o necessary_a disionction_n a_o man_n be_v either_o good_a or_o not_o good_a and_o yet_o this_o a_o man_n be_v good_a be_v not_o necessary_a nor_o this_o a_o man_n be_v not_o good_a but_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o disjunction_n depend_v upon_o the_o necessary_a opposition_n and_o disjunction_n of_o the_o part_n &_o not_o of_o their_o necessary_a verity_n the_o disjunction_n be_v sometime_o with_o a_o condition_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v ask_v whether_o be_v cleon_n or_o socrates_n come_v because_o it_o be_v so_o promise_v that_o the_o one_o shall_v only_o come_v and_o therefore_o if_o the_o disjunction_n be_v contingent_a it_o be_v not_o absolute_o true_a but_o only_o opynable_a such_o as_o oftentimes_o we_o use_v in_o come_v speak_v as_o ovid_n in_o leander_n epistle_n either_o happy_a courage_n shall_v save_v i_o or_o death_n of_o careful_a life_n the_o end_n shalle_fw-mi cap._n viii_o of_o the_o syllogism_n a_o syllogism_n be_v a_o disposition_n in_o the_o which_o the_o question_n be_v dispone_v with_o the_o argument_n be_v necessary_o infer_v in_o the_o conclusion_n for_o if_o the_o proposition_n be_v doubtful_a it_o be_v make_v a_o question_n and_o to_o prove_v the_o question_n we_o take_v a_o argument_n &_o dispone_v it_o with_o the_o question_n the_o syllogism_n have_v two_o part_n one_o which_o go_v