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nature_n contain_v law_n moral_a 2,485 5 9.8922 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A77245 A defence of true liberty from ante-cedent and extrinsecall necessity being an answer to a late book of Mr. Thomas Hobbs of Malmsbury, intituled, A treatise of liberty and necessity. Written by the Right Reverend John Bramhall D.D. and Lord Bishop of Derry. Bramhall, John, 1594-1663. 1655 (1655) Wing B4218; Thomason E1450_1; ESTC R209599 138,196 261

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form_v they_o according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o artist_n to_o some_o particular_a action_n and_o end_n as_o we_o see_v in_o setting-dogg_n and_o coy-duck_n and_o parrot_n and_o the_o principal_a mean_n whereby_o they_o effect_v this_o be_v by_o their_o back_n or_o by_o their_o belly_n by_o the_o rod_n or_o by_o the_o morsel_n which_o have_v indeed_o a_o shadow_n or_o resemblance_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n but_o we_o take_v the_o word_n here_o proper_o not_o as_o it_o be_v use_v by_o vulgar_a people_n but_o as_o it_o be_v use_v by_o divine_n and_o philosopher_n for_o that_o recompense_n which_o be_v due_a to_o honest_a and_o dishonest_a action_n where_o there_o be_v no_o moral_a liberty_n there_o be_v neither_o honesty_n nor_o dishonesty_n neither_o true_a reward_n nor_o punishment_n three_o when_o brute_n creature_n do_v learn_v any_o such_o quality_n it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o judgement_n or_o deliberation_n or_o discourse_n by_o infer_v or_o conclude_v one_o thing_n from_o another_o which_o they_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o neither_o be_v they_o able_a to_o conceive_v a_o reason_n of_o what_o they_o do_v but_o mere_o out_o of_o memory_n or_o out_o of_o a_o sensitive_a fear_n or_o hope_v they_o remember_v that_o when_o they_o do_v after_o one_o manner_n they_o be_v beat_v and_o when_o they_o do_v after_o another_o manner_n they_o be_v cherish_v and_o according_o they_o apply_v themselves_o but_o if_o their_o individual_a action_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a fear_n or_o hope_n can_v not_o alter_v they_o most_o certain_o if_o there_o be_v any_o desert_n in_o it_o or_o any_o praise_n due_a unto_o it_o it_o be_v to_o they_o who_o do_v instruct_v they_o last_o concern_v art_n arm_n book_n instrument_n study_v physic_n and_o
by_o reason_n whether_o this_o or_o that_o definite_o consider_v be_v a_o good_a and_o fit_a mean_n or_o indefinite_o what_o be_v good_a and_o fit_a mean_n to_o be_v choose_v for_o attain_v some_o wish_a end_n numb_a 27._o t._n h._n three_o i_o conceive_v that_o in_o all_o deliberation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o all_o alternate_a succession_n of_o contrary_a appetite_n the_o last_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o will_n and_o be_v immediate_o before_o the_o do_n of_o the_o action_n or_o next_o before_o the_o do_v of_o it_o become_v impossible_a all_o other_o appetite_n to_o do_v and_o to_o quit_v that_o come_v upon_o a_o man_n during_o his_o deliberation_n be_v usual_o call_v intention_n and_o inclination_n but_o not_o will_n there_o be_v but_o one_o will_n which_o also_o in_o this_o case_n may_v be_v call_v last_o will_n though_o the_o intention_n change_v often_o j._n d._n still_o here_o be_v nothing_o but_o confusion_n he_o confound_v the_o faculty_n of_o the_o will_n with_o the_o act_n of_o volition_n he_o make_v the_o will_n to_o be_v the_o last_o part_n of_o deliberation_n he_o make_v the_o intention_n which_o be_v a_o most_o proper_a and_o elicit_a act_n of_o the_o will_n or_o a_o willing_a of_o the_o end_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v attain_v by_o certain_a mean_n to_o be_v no_o willing_a at_o all_o but_o only_o some_o antecedaneous_a inclination_n or_o propension_n he_o may_v as_o well_o say_v that_o the_o uncertain_a agitation_n of_o the_o needle_n hither_o and_o thither_o to_o find_v out_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o rest_a or_o fix_v of_o itself_o direct_o towards_o the_o pole_n be_v both_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o the_o gross_a mistake_n be_v that_o he_o will_v acknowledge_v no_o act_n of_o a_o man_n will_n to_o be_v his_o will_n but_o only_o the_o last_o act_n which_o he_o call_v the_o last_o will_n if_o the_o first_o be_v no_o will_n how_o come_v this_o to_o be_v the_o last_o will_n according_a to_o this_o doctrine_n the_o will_n of_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v as_o unchangeable_a as_o the_o will_n of_o god_n at_o least_o so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v a_o possibility_n to_o effect_v it_o according_a to_o this_o doctrine_n concupiscence_n with_o consent_n shall_v be_v no_o sin_n for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o true_o will_v be_v not_o a_o sin_n or_o rather_o shall_v not_o be_v at_o all_o unless_o either_o the_o act_n follow_v or_o be_v render_v impossible_a by_o some_o intervening_a circumstance_n according_a to_o this_o doctrine_n no_o man_n can_v say_v this_o be_v my_o will_n because_o he_o know_v not_o yet_o whether_o it_o shall_v be_v his_o last_o appeal_n the_o truth_n be_v there_o be_v many_o act_n of_o the_o will_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o mean_n and_o of_o the_o end_n but_o that_o act_n which_o make_v a_o man_n action_n to_o be_v true_o free_a be_v election_n which_o be_v the_o deliberate_a choose_v or_o refuse_v of_o this_o or_o that_o mean_n or_o the_o acceptation_n of_o one_o mean_n before_o another_o where_o divers_a be_v represent_v by_o the_o understanding_n numb_a 28._o t._n h._n fourthly_o that_o those_o action_n which_o man_n be_v say_v to_o do_v upon_o deliberation_n be_v say_v to_o be_v voluntary_a and_o do_v upon_o choice_n and_o election_n so_o that_o voluntary_a action_n and_o action_n proceed_v from_o election_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o that_o of_o a_o voluntary_a agent_n it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o say_v he_o be_v free_a and_o to_o say_v he_o have_v not_o make_v a_o end_n of_o deliberate_v j._n d._n this_o short_a section_n may_v pass_v without_o a_o animadversion_n but_o for_o two_o thing_n the_o one_o be_v that_o he_o confound_v a_o voluntary_a act_n with_o a_o free_a act_n a_o free_a act_n be_v only_o that_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o free_a election_n of_o the_o rational_a will_n after_o deliberation_n but_o every_o act_n that_o proceed_v from_o the_o sensitive_a appetite_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n without_o deliberation_n or_o election_n be_v true_o voluntary_a the_o other_o thing_n observable_a be_v his_o conclusion_n that_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o say_v a_o man_n be_v free_a and_o to_o say_v he_o have_v not_o make_v a_o end_n of_o deliberate_v which_o confession_n of_o he_o overturne_v his_o whole_a structure_n of_o absolute_a necessity_n for_o if_o every_o agent_n be_v necessitate_v to_o act_v what_o he_o do_v act_n by_o a_o necessary_a and_o natural_a flux_n of_o extrinsecall_a cause_n than_o he_o be_v no_o more_o free_a before_o he_o deliberate_v or_o while_o he_o deliberate_v than_o he_o be_v after_o but_o by_o t._n h._n his_o confession_n here_o he_o be_v more_o free_a while_o he_o deliberate_v than_o he_o be_v after_o and_o so_o after_o all_o his_o flourish_n for_o a_o absolute_a or_o extrinsecall_a necessity_n he_o be_v glad_a to_o fit_v himself_o down_o and_o rest_v content_v with_o a_o hypotheticall_a necessity_n which_o no_o man_n ever_o deny_v or_o doubt_v of_o ascribe_v the_o necessitation_n of_o a_o man_n in_o free_a act_n to_o his_o own_o deliberation_n and_o in_o indeliberate_a act_n to_o his_o last_o thought_n numb_a 25._o what_o be_v this_o to_o a_o natural_a and_o special_a influence_n of_o extrinsecall_a cause_n again_o liberty_n say_v he_o be_v a_o absence_n of_o extrinsecall_a impediment_n but_o deliberation_n do_v produce_v no_o new_a extrinsecall_n impediment_n therefore_o let_v he_o choose_v which_o part_n he_o will_v either_o he_o be_v free_a after_o deliberation_n by_o his_o own_o doctrine_n or_o he_o be_v not_o free_a before_o our_o own_o deliberation_n and_o the_o direction_n of_o our_o own_o understanding_n and_o the_o election_n of_o our_o own_o will_n do_v produce_v a_o hypotheticall_a necessity_n that_o the_o event_n be_v such_o as_o the_o understanding_n have_v direct_v and_o the_o will_v elect_v but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o understanding_n may_v have_v direct_v otherwise_o and_o the_o will_v have_v elect_v otherwise_o this_o be_v far_o from_o a_o absolute_a necessity_n neither_o do_v liberty_n respect_n only_o future_a act_n but_o present_a act_n also_o otherwise_o god_n do_v not_o free_o create_v the_o world_n in_o the_o same_o instant_n wherein_o the_o will_n elect_v it_o be_v free_a according_a to_o a_o priority_n of_o nature_n though_o not_o of_o time_n to_o elect_v otherwise_o and_o so_o in_o a_o divide_a sense_n the_o will_n be_v free_a even_o while_o it_o act_n though_o in_o a_o compound_a sense_n it_o be_v not_o free_a certain_o deliberation_n do_v constitute_v not_o destroy_v liberty_n numb_a 29._o t._n h._n fiftly_o i_o conceive_v liberty_n to_o be_v right_o define_v in_o this_o manner_n liberty_n be_v the_o absence_n of_o all_o the_o impediment_n to_o action_n that_o be_v not_o contain_v in_o the_o nature_n and_o in_o the_o intrinsical_a quality_n of_o the_o agent_n as_o for_o example_n the_o water_n be_v say_v to_o descend_v free_o or_o to_o have_v liberty_n to_o descend_v by_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n because_o there_o be_v no_o impediment_n that_o way_n but_o not_o across_o because_o the_o bank_n be_v impediment_n and_o though_o water_n can_v ascend_v yet_o man_n never_o say_v it_o want_v the_o liberty_n to_o ascend_v but_o the_o faculty_n or_o power_n because_o the_o impediment_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n and_o intrinsical_v so_o also_o we_o say_v he_o that_o be_v tie_v want_v the_o liberty_n to_o go_v because_o the_o impediment_n be_v not_o in_o he_o but_o in_o his_o hand_n where_o as_o we_o say_v not_o so_o of_o he_o that_o be_v sick_a or_o lame_a because_o the_o impediment_n be_v in_o himself_o j._n d._n how_o that_o shall_v be_v a_o right_a definition_n of_o liberty_n which_o comprehend_v neither_o the_o genus_fw-la nor_o the_o difference_n neither_o the_o matter_n nor_o the_o form_n of_o liberty_n which_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o accidental_o describe_v liberty_n by_o its_o mark_n and_o token_n how_o a_o real_a faculty_n or_o the_o elective_a power_n shall_v be_v define_v by_o a_o negation_n or_o by_o a_o ababsence_n be_v past_o my_o understanding_n and_o contrary_a to_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o right_a reason_n which_o i_o have_v learn_v negative_n can_v explicate_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n define_v by_o this_o definition_n a_o stone_n have_v liberty_n to_o ascend_v into_o the_o air_n because_o there_o be_v no_o outward_a impediment_n to_o hinder_v it_o and_o so_o a_o violent_a act_n may_v be_v a_o free_a act_n just_o like_o his_o definition_n be_v his_o instance_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o water_n to_o descend_v down_o the_o channel_n and_o a_o sick_a or_o a_o lame_a man_n liberty_n to_o go_v the_o late_a be_v a_o impotence_n and_o not_o a_o power_n or_o a_o liberty_n the_o former_a be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o free_a act_n that_o it_o be_v scarce_o a_o natural_a act_n