that there were Lawes Morall contained vnder the Decalogue or ten Commandements perpetuall to all people and Nations though for a season the Gentiles were gouerned by another consenting Law therewith namely the Law of Nature Secondly that there were Lawes Politicall and Iudiciall peculiar to the Common-weale of Israell and lastly Lawes Ceremoniall which being meerely politicall also were temporall and to be abrogated by the perfecter namely by Christ by whom all the Ceremoniall and infantiue Lawes were disannuled and vtterly cancelled Moreouer it may not be forgotten that vnder that vnwritten Law of God is contained the Law of the spirit and of life which is peculiar to the Church of Christ that quickeneth the vnsanctified and weake Law of Nature inscribed in the hearts of men imprinting the will of God in their hearts whereby men by many degrees steppe forwarde in the true knowledge of God seruing of him at an instant as it were through the efficacie thereof more then euer by the Law of nature they are able to do These things thus briefly exposed vnto Trauailers let it not seeme tedious to any to consider well thereof For without an exact knowledge of the Law of God there can be no sound iudgement of the rest And as our Sauiour Christ soundly reproued Nicodemus the Pharisie for that he was a iudge in Israel and knewe not things of such excellencie and of so great importance so might a Trauailer bee censured for a shallow and ignorant person that trauiling into the lawes of Nations and peoples is neuerthelesse to be found ignorant in the Lawes of God of their deriuations which properly be the fountaines of all naturall and humane lawes that be good honest through the world But touching the Law of Nature there is some controuersie amongst the learned For the Lawyers define the Law of Nature to be that which teacheth all Animall liuing things But the Scholist Diuines say the law of Nature that to be which is common to all people and that by instinct not by constitution restraining the same only to men Wherefore to make the same more euident by fauourable interpretation of both wee distribute the Lawe of Nature into Common and Proper The Common is that which equally is common to other liuing Creatures aswell as vnto men that is to say to defend themselues against violēce to preserue and maintain their liues and States to propagate procreate nourish instruct their owne to eate drinke sleepe rest mooue and such like things euerie species according to his being and kinde The Proper is that lawe which is only peculiar vnto men being the will of God and diuine reason inscribed immediately by God in the hearts of all men wherby generally they know what is good and euill and consequently what is to be followed and auoyded the law of conscience by which the heathen and such as haue not the law of God written shall be iudged The effect of which law is displaied in the knowledge of God and in the worshippe of him and also in the conseruation of mutuall loue and societie betwixt mankinde From which not only the law of Nations hath a name of substance but the humane and positiue lawes their descent and speciall deriuation as from the spring of right and reason Moreouer this law is not equally or so effectually planted in the hearts of all men alike but in some more plentifully then in others according to the secret and wonderfull dispensation of the good pleasure of God in the gouernement of the world From whence there ariseth such strange worshipping of God amongst the Heathen almost euerie Nation in a variable sorte Thus wee may see furthermore that the law of Nature and of Nations strictly and in the proper sense taken may well bee confounded for one and the same concerning actions though after the common sense they are distinguishable For the law of Nations is a certaine right and equall reason that naturally bursteth out of men and Nations for the necessarie vse and conseruation of mankinde and for societie the which is also perpetuall and arguing the conscience if it dissent from the same From whence the Lawes of Armes concerning prisoners taken in the warres the entertainement of messengers and forraine Ambassadors as all manner of contractes twixt person and person State and State haue their authoritie and reason and doe in speciall manner giue a name to the law of Nations to the lawe of Nature which offereth to our Trauailer these three cōsiderations First that in the Courts of Princes as otherwhere hee obserue what order and manner of entertainement and respect is giuen to Ambassadors and Messengers of forraine States Secondly if such an one chance to arriue in the warres of other Princes and States to note the carriage of one aduersarie to another in matters of right and of Prisoners and Captiues especially as of Combattes In a word to get their discipline Lastly to note amongst heathen people what order in buying and selling exchanging lending borrowing mortgaging pawning and keeping of societie For happily from thence hee shall descrie a more equall carriage and behauiour in them by the law of Nature only guided then many of our Ciuile States do by all their meanes of knowledge in the laws of God of Nature and of men the which we might easily prooue But to our Point now concerning the Lawes Humane Those are called the Lawes Humane which frō the capacities of men are conceited by men are promulgated and authorised whether they depend vppon the Law of God and of Nature or vpon their owne fancies Wherof there are two rankes Honest and Iust or Tyrannicall and vniust The honest and iust do flow frō the general springs and Maximes of the diuine and naturall law ordained for the publike good of the Church and Cōmō-weale Wheras the Tyrānical vniust issue out either of the vsurping breasts of vnlawfull authoritie that haue no power to make lawes or from such as hauing power do after their own carnall mindes make ordinances for their owne proper commoditie and behoofe whereunto the traditions of men yea and euery superstitious ordinance and euill custome may be referred Wherefore whensoeuer a Trauailer shall looke into the body of the lawes of any Countrie or people let his iudgement be neither partiall nor weake but grounded vpon the sound rules and eternall reason of the diuine and Naturall Law Moreouer by the word Lawes humane is meant in this place the written positiue and politicall Lawes For in substance they are all one and conuertible yea and for the profitte of each Nation commutable so as they neuer contrarie the lawes diuine or naturall By reason whereof we finde that some honest lawes in qualitie differ either in punishing or rewarding or in inciting to that which is good or restraining from that which is euill the which is meerely a politicall promulgation consonant to some States for a
and appeased so it is of the mind For Mirth is a cordiall to sorowfull and melancholicke bodies wheras sorow so much continueth that humor as desperatnesse or frensie or both is to be feared Sorow in meane maketh sanguine bodies and merrily disposed wise full of respect But of these two mirth is euermore to be coÌ„mended so it be not ouer-light vnciuil So chollerick bodies seeing they are fretting angry at light occasioÌ„s let them cure their imperfectioÌ„s of nature by patience for such are otherwise vnsociable dangerous to be coÌ„uersed with as endangering themselues For I neuer saw so cholericke a man but hee hath met with his match and this of strangers is reproueable So those of flegmaticke spirits that patience hath enfeebled that such want the harts of men as ordained to suffer all things though this be a ciuill singular vertue in Trauailers yet let none be in extreamity so patient as it make himself a sot a foole to heare his God and his Prince Country and his honor wronged wheÌ„ as honestly and fitly he may ought to make resistance or apprehension Finally as the tyrannizing of these subiect many to incurable euils bringing to consumption the vitall and animall spirits so ought euery worthy Trauailer to preuent these inward mischiefs by godly and timely counsell that those slie passions frustrate not his enterprise Now in the third place let euery Trauailer bee of such honest and seemely carriage towards all with whom they conuerse for ciuilitie and humanity as neither contempt derision irrision pertinacitie in discourse bitternesse or no respect be vsed For these be dissoluers of friendship and daungerous perturbations for anie stranger in the Countrey of an other Fourthly it is the duetie of all men to fit and applie themselues not onely to their maners and customes with whom they liue but singularly to haue an eye of diligent watch to their particular affaires as well for knowledge and encrease of experience as for the retention of a sound and holy conscience As touching the first branch let no man loose the raigns of his owne lust and fancie amongst strangers so that he expose himselfe to reproche scandall And considering many nations are apt to deceiue a man must liue warily with them taking heed he giue no offence And though the customes of other nations where a man liueth are to be followed yet in the case of God or of a mans own conscience ther ought to be a scruple For as it becommeth none to leaue the truth or to exercise any wicked actioÌ„ there so neither let any follow the beastly guises or wicked customs of the couÌ„trey wherby honesty good maners may be corrupted but in euery State to obserue theÌ„ as Diet Apparell Gesture Curtesie and such like which in some places are precisely to be obserued But as coÌ„cerning that other branch let men auoid to sacrifice or do reuerence to any Idole or Hobgoblin For though many haue so large a coÌ„science that they perswade theÌ„selues so they keepe their hearts to God they may bend their knee and bow themselues before such trash without hurt at all yet God will not forget the hypocrisie of such For whoso vseth any outward reuerence to any Idole or diuel incurreth the wrath of God and is thereby made subiect to all imperfections and euils And if in ciuil matters many be wonderful respectiue that they will not come in presence when they know for certaintie that they shall see or heare their Mâ—stris Prince or friend dishonored how much more ought al men in the case of God to be precise not only to shun the sight hearing of their God blasphemed and dishonored by their Masses and estimation of reliques images but to seeke to right the same if it lay in their powers But coÌ„sidering no stranger hath warrant at this day to oppose himselfe against them in their owne countrey let him rather abiure so heathenish a place where he cannot liue freely than endure the sight thereof yea though some thinke themselues dischargeable if they trauaile and not both see heare them If there be any such let them imitate that worthy Themistocles who hauing in the vaine yeeres of his youth accustomed himselfe to learn an endure the sight of many things which in nature hee abhorred which gaue him the smacke of an excellent memory yet in the better time of his yeeres he did spend more time to learne to forget things vnnecessarie and euill than in learning that which was honorable found it more difficult hard for him For the knowledge of much euill tempteth man ful oft withdraweth the hart more out of the way than the strength of naturall reason can set him aright againe long after Fiftly let euery one in his calling exercise such ornate and seemely qualities of the body that both may inable them for ciuill conuersation as also for auaile in things requireable in Nobilitie and Gentlemen And of the nobler sort it is required alwayes that they discouer spirited bodies and more actiue minds than other Gentlemen labouring to perfect them by much industry The things to be exercised are horsemanship managing of all sorts of weapons musicke dancing Poetrie limming and portraiting vaulting running practising the fiue strengths of the arme namely griping lifting thrusting and holding out at the armes end pulling and drawing and throwing or darting These by practise wil giue vigor to the defect of nature for by nature it is impossible to be strong in all the one being contrary to the other the benefit wherof is so great that little men shall haue no disaduantage by the greatest persons in the world in exercising or single encountring so the one practise and the other neuer But these being recreations may not hinder more necessary studies though to excell in them be honorable and right excellent The sixt and last generall duetie which is the very point which euery Trauailer ought to lay his witts about To get knowledge for the bettering of himselfe and his Countrie This being the obiect of their Countries defects and the subiect of Trauailers in a word containeth Six generall heads to be learned and vnderstood namely the tongue the Nature of the people the Countrey the Customes the Gouernment of the State the secrets of the same the which are to be sought out wheresoeuer these shall come And though some one of these inuest many with the honorable title of Trauailers yet in how much any shall be found defectiue in any of these by so farre is hee short of the compleatnesse and true estimation that apprertaineth to Trauailers Regular and honorable These things are the vtensils and materialls of States men concerning forraine matters the which many actiue mindes though sitting at home are well read in and except it bee for the secrets and other occurrences alteratioÌ„s changes the difference
state of the tongue of that countrey wherein they trauaile moreouer take paines in the speaking according to the naturall accent and tune of the countrey And as by much reading and labour a man shall attaine to the vnderstanding and consequently by a diligent obseruation to the writing so by conference and much parley the speaking of the tongue will be soone attained vnto And in speaking of the Tongues euery Countreys accent time and tune is best without affectation Hence wee see those that speake the high Dutch do striue to vtter their words highly and with spirit not hudling as the French but distinctly as the Italian Spaniard yet not with that chaunting manner Likewise in speaking the Latine there is a more ciuill elocution and cariage of the mouth than in speaking the high Dutch or Sclauonish with greater tēperance yet with some affectation like the Italian Spaniard euen so in writing elegantly euery tongue in effect hauing peculiar Characters men must follow the most esteemed fashion both in framing the letters sentences according to the Orthography of the country I meane hauing occasion to write letters let such vse that kind of hand most common and commendable and those phrases which in letters almost euery nation hath peculiar as in sub and superscriptiōs For the least error in these may either offer wrong to the party written vnto or discouer weaknes imperfectiō reproueable in Trauailers Lastly as the vnderstāding of a tongue is gottē by good Authors principles common conference with men so to speake the tongue well it behoueth a Trauailer to frequēt those places persons where amongst whō the tongue best flourisheth And as the Court Citie excel in the dialect and fine phrase so the Countrey phrase words are of no lesse esteeme and regard in so much as no man can be accounted worthily excellent in any tongue that wants discretion to speake Court-like and Country-like when and where it is requisite Moreouer considering the manifold Countries that Trauailers may come into it may be demanded here although we haue long plodded vpō the tongue already whether euery tongue be of equal importāce to be perfectly vnderstood spoken of these Trauailers For answere wherof I presuppose two rules first it is impossible for any man to be an obseruer of things required in these Trauailers an excellent linguist in al tongues considering the infinite time such an one must spend in the gaining of thē Secondly there is no such necessity for a Trauailer to learn them all wherfore let him busie himselfe about such only as may stand his State Country in best auaile if so be he shal happily come to prefermēt This resteth in the iudgemēt of Trauailers chiefly To make election for sometimes the state of things alter that necessitate a State to haue in recōmendation the general speakers of such and such tongues But for this Coūtry no one rule of certainty can perpetually hold to all men considering many Trauailers prescribe vnto thē diuers ends as some the knowledge only of the tongues others trauaile for knowledge contēplatiue to whō the Hebrue Greek Latine Chaldie Syriack tongues are most precious wherin all ancient monuments of things past to bee knowen are treasured vp which rauish more the mind then the knowledge of things present by how much they prognosticate future euents But for these honourable Trauailers in regard of their pretence the Latine the French and the Spanish tongues are most necessary and like to hold So the alteration of things causeth a necessity for a season to trauaile in the Italian as at this time the Germane and the Lowe Countrey language that of Denmarke Muscouie and such like confrontire tongues The which let Trauailers busie themselues about more then other tongues that for illustration and contemplatiue knowledge and learning are to bee respected whensoeuer it is requisite Let these things suffice for the first point to bee respected of Trauailers Voluntary 2 The second is the nature of the people of that Nation in which they trauaile which is the generall inclination sway maners and fashion of thē in euery common motion or action whereby may be discouered imperfection in things euil or apprehension of that which is good by the ensample whereof other Nations may generally reforme things amisse and establish their policie euen as Trauailers in particular may fashion themselues for all seasons places and persons to be compleat in ciuill conuersation in the iudgement of the world Now that Trauailers may discouer this amongst the people of a Nation or State let them consider fiue things First whether the people bee ciuill or barbarous Secondly whether they be free or seruile Thirdly whether religious or profane Fourthly whether warlike or effeminate And fiftly of what condition of bodie and disposition of mind These containe the maners nature and inclination of all people in a generalitie of which we will discourse in order And first therefore let Trauailers consider whether the people in generall be ciuill or barbarous and that whether by discipline the best Ciuilian Master or by naturall temperature of bodies Such are the Grecians and those of the Iles of Iapan and Chios as on the contrary side the people of Africa America Magellanica and those of Northeast Europe and Asia by nature barbarists The vse of which obseruation for the Common-weale may appeare by these two rules First that ciuill nations gouerned by lawes diuine and humane written may either be feared for enemies or trusted for friends in case they be neighbours and of the same Religion and of good abilitie Secondly that barbarous people are neuer good faithfull friends but for their profit being euer wauering and treacherous nor if enemies other than mortall yet if their power be not ouer-great are easily vanquished But the priuate vse that Trauailers must make to themselues hereby is to chase away such barbarousnesse and rudenesse as possesseth them to establish a more humane and sociable carriage For better discouerie of these let Trauailers marke the gesture apparell decencie conuersation diet feeding giuing of honour and all other actions of the people of a countrey one towards another regarding or contemning all moral vices with better iudgement than those fantastickes which bring home with them some apish ceremonies of curtesie and strange fashions of apparell but nothing else to giue them commendations at their returnes It may not be vnknowen moreouer that there is no nation in the world but may be reduced to ciuilitie and forced in time to put off barbarousnesse seeing in all people God hath sowen the seedes of that which is good within the furrowes and fieldes of euery ones heart which groweth more or lesse according to the pleasure of the seedeman manifested in the proportioning of nature whereof euery climate hath a seuerall stroke as being an instrument whereby God frameth
Moreouer what inconstant luxuriousnesse and superfluitie of vnciuilitie in fashions and apparell toucheth the French The which except of vs English is reproued of most Nations in the world And amongst many barbarousnesses of manners how strange is that of the French mens dissimulation to their verie friends The which is left also hereditarie from the Lumbards to the Italians that haue any education I feare me other Nations trauailing thither will say that we beginne to smell of that disease Lastly what fencerlike and gladiatorious behauiour bemaddeth the Germanes What corruption of manneâ—s generaly reigne in the Italians Insomuch that other lesse accort Countries then ours haue this coÌ„mon prouerbe wherof it shall suffice to touch that of the Germanes Multi Germani rustici In Italiam proficiscuntur angeli Redeunt diaboli vrbani What inconstant countenance do these Italians sauor of What arrogancie and insolencie discouereth the Spaniard to his superior and equall what insupporrablenesse to his inferior and subiect What falsehoods may men finde in the Gelderlanders whereas Turkes being Heathens are keepers of promise What crueltie and tyrannie do the Spaniards and Irish discouer to their enemies What pride of the French What pertinacitie generally do Schollers Courtiers and Souldiers discouer What inhospitalitie do the Germanes keepe What anger and hastinesse of the Irish yea of the poorest kerne Thus by these examples may a Trauailer suruey the ciuilitie and barbarousnesse of Nations in euerie vertue actiue or morall chiefly in the Court and Citties For the Countrie people rellish of rudenesse euermore though in some points they may serue for samplers of great ciuilitie and true carriages of the which a trauailer must in particular make obseruance But considering that which is Ciuilitie in one Nation is vnaccustomed and reiected in other State it may be doubted how a Trauailer shall demeane himselfe to be compleat and know which to retaine The answere is easie for it is euer presupposed that it is no breach of office or of ciuilitie being in another Nation to obserue the fashions guises and customes of the same in things indifferent and ceremoniall although they grate on barbarisme as superfluitie of complements and words such as the French and Italians vse the manner of eating and drinking whether vppon the ground lying along as in Turkie and Africke or standing The manner of saluting with the hatte on without bending of the knee without bowing of the bodie without imbracing without profering of the hand without conioyning without kissing and such like externall customes of indifferencie becomming well enough the boundes of euerie Countrie For though it be a rule with vs that those ceremonies and ciuill vses come neérest to the point of true cariage and consequently most commendable that expresse humilitie and curtesie and encrease affection of most kindnesse and humanitie hence comes our salutations bareheaded and hand kissing bowed bodies and knees embracings conioyning and shaking of the hand peculiar to great personages hence the Italians and French haue gotten probatum of their humilious phrases and kind complements of kissing their hands the Spaniardes of humbly kissing the hands of those they respect and conuerse with men as women the Dutch in their carrowsing in like sort as we vse in contracts by imposition of hands and afterwards by kissing them yet we see the nature of the Italians caÌ„not brooke kissing openly of women nor the French being long bareheaded and in like expressions other Nations are as precise Notwithstanding in the expressions of moral vertues and vices a Trauailer must be so curious and graue that hee not only beware to committe sinne and do as the people do but cleaue wholly to the vertue and meane of things abhorring blaspheming swearing rayling malreporting and such like vices of the tongue as of all other actions and customes of wickednesse which are euill in their owne nature without circumstances And these Trauailers haue prerogatiue of other Nations to prescribe against many though indifferent and against all euill customes that swarue from the rule of Nature humanitie Thus hauing long stayed vpon this haunt of the first discouerer of the nature of people the second offereth it self for the Trauailer to know Whether the people be Free or Seruile For al people considered as Subiects are one of these two And though by nature largely coÌ„sidered one man is equally so free as another none more seruile for seruitude is politicke yet we see some people politickly seruile as free some more some lesse according to the alteration of times and things By the words seruile free then are meant not the naturall since all by nature are seruile to sinne and vnrighteousnesse and are equally free from miserie and subiection but the politicall which maketh some people free in regard of misery and seruitude and other seruile to slauery miserie and subiection Now seeing all people of a State are vnder subiection in generalitie in this place the nature of a people must bee sought out of such as are free from slauery and miserie and of those that are seruiled vnto them Of people free in this sense there be some by prescription enfranchised the gouernment of whose States by good lawes haue made them free from long miserie or slauery Such are the Commons and Nobilitie of this land whose freedome is such as they enioy their owne things so freely as the Prince The like may be sayd of the States of France and Germanie and of other well ordered Common wealths Moreouer such freedome generally reigneth in France as with vs here in Kent that what slaue or bondman shal but land in France is immediatly made free and whosoeuer abideth one yeere in Kent shall be euer after enfranchised Moreouer there be others free by arrogation who according to the state of times and things licentiously vse their libertie Such in times past were the people of Denmarke whose force was their law in so much that their Prince held his royaltie at their placitum For if at any time they misliked any of his actions he was instantly deposed and an other set in his place Such at this day is the freedome of the Venetians that they seeme to beare a hard hand ouer their Dukes And such is the common nature of euery Democracie and Aristocracie Lastly there bee some whose policie and state haue continued them in much freedome from miserie and slauerie as euer striuing against seruitude Such were the Sclauonians the Switzers and the Lumbards the Neapolitanes in the Romane gouernement in so much as these people being euer confederates with that mightie Empire yet durst they giue succour to the banished from Rome Such were the Hungarians against the Turke Such generally are the Nobility of most Christian States who as Libertines are euer out of tyranny before the CoÌ„mons Such are the Spaniards that chuse rather to die than to be made slaues And such is the naturall affect of those
is displayed in wood Caruers Ioyners Carpenters or builders of houses shipwrights and in all other dependances The fift to wit Smitherie is as variable as any of the former to bee sought into whether for varietie of metals to bee wrought vpon as Gold and Siluer-smithes Copper-smiths Brasiers Tinkers Pewterers Founders blacke and white smithes all such like or for infinite kind of tooles and Vtensils for the necessaries of man the which are more excellent in some places than other euen by so much as the matter and the Arts-men tend to perfection The sixt and last is Engining which being an extract from the grounds of Mathematicall knowledge is also much the more to bee considered well of Trauailers in how much there may arise many singular commodities to ones Countrey both in times of peace warre Wherin let Trauailers make obseruatiō who be the most famous workers what admirable things they worke bring to passe either by conueyance of water by scrues by pullies by weights by causing vacuums or reinforcing of spirits together in narrowe straights and Cylinders and by such other draughts of nature kept secret from the vulgar sort the which in the warres are so necessary as in the citie for ciuill and necessarie vses Insomuch as if any man trauailing shal grow therby excellent he is worthy the name of honor estimation though in other points he be found a weake obseruer This thing being of such singular proofe and vse euerie where may seeme to priuiledge Trauailers aboue any one point of knowledge besides About the consideration of which although wee could not dwell too long for of it selfe it requireth a volume yet other manifould points vntouched doe craue our discourse now Only for discouerie let this be added that whatsoeuer by naturall conclusions and as wee say by sleight with small adoe effecteth great things as to moue bodies contrarie to nature violently and swiftly to make powerfull any weake thing and to discouer things vnto the senses afar off out of their kēning or to penetrate any thing resistable may be contained vnder the arte or science of Engining Hitherto concerning the commodities of the Countrie The Discommodities now may easily be ex opposito collected from the former to enlighten the sixt and last point concerning the Countrie Notwithstanding we wil for better vnderstanding to some as it were make repetition The discommodities then of Countries are either imperfectious or wants The imperfections naturall are either intemperatenesse and vnholesome aire or extream barennesse of the Soile yeelding little or no commodities or aboundance of cruel beastes of which our Trauailer must haue a care to vnderstand whether the same be not for want of good husbandrie in the people of the Countrie The artificiall discommodities are likewise two Buildings and trades The defect of the one hindereth a Countrie from well peopling of the other from well and orderly liuing For it is a maxime in policie that no Countrie can be euer ciuile and orderly where there be not good trades planted for setting the Commons to worke for the husbanding all such commodities as their Countrie yeelds and of such as are brought vnto the same frō forrain parts the which to a Countrie much peopled is most needfull also Thus much concerning imperfections The wants are of those things properly that other Countries abound with which necessarily ciuill Estates doe want daiely must expect them from other places to furnish them For though there bee many Ilands in the World that content themselues and liue without the commodities of other places neither haue they other then a certaine naturall kinde of prouision distributed well and orderly alike to all Nations for the naturall support thereof Yet being once brought vnto ciuilitie and to the taste of the World either to be equall with others or to be engreatned there is no Natiō or Countrie but standeth in necessarie neede and want of forraine things the which being once tasted of generally it is almost impossible to be left and forgotten The conclusion then of this point for our Trauailer may be That he obserue what speciall thing the Countrie standeth in neede of the which is either of clothing or of victuall For these two a Nation that is ciuile and well ordered cannot long want As concerning clothing let it be sufficient which we haue touched alreadie in the Commodities for out of the same may be gathered the discommodities è conuerso In like sort may it be saide forvictuals Only let a Trauailer make obseruation what liuing Creatures hee shall finde that cannot liue or bee found in the Countrie As our Theodore Zuingerus reporteth of Africk that neuer Hart or wilde Boare was found there And Plinie mentioneth that in Arabia no Swine liueth So in the Ilands of Nea there are bred no Patridges nor being thither brought will liue So some report of Ireland that in it liueth no venemous beast for the Climate worketh all vpon the people a strange Constellation for want of of good Religion Let these things suffice touching the 3 generall points of knowledge respecting the Countrie The fourth now offereth it selfe to our consideration which is of the Lawes and Customes that be vsed in the Countrey the knowledge whereof may well reforme the weedy affections of Trauailers and redresse distemperatures growen in their Countrie and lastly open the doore of many policies into which a Politician wil soone enter But first concerning the word Law in the intendiment there is a double respect to be had thereof For all honest lawes haue their deriuation and spring-head from the eternall fountaine of reason of the will of God in which respect they in substance are all diuine Notwithstanding in regard of the diuersitie of people as of sundrie causes for which they haue beene reuealed and promulgated they are also humane and multiplex Wherefore in the first respect the Lawe is an opening of the Diuine and eternall will whereby GOD teacheth and commaundeth what shall bee done and left vndone of men ordained for his owne glorie chiefly then for the publike priuate vse of men Now since the reuelation of that diuine will of God hath not beene manifested in one and the same manner alwaies to all people therefore in this respect the lawe is distributed into three kinds properly Into the Law of GOD into the Law of NATVRE and into the Humane or Lawe of Men. Touching the law of God wee obserue the same either written or not written The not written the learned call that which before the fall and afterwards was exercised till the Law by Moses was deliuered to the people of Israell inscribed in Tables of stone and since of Christ himselfe the Prophets Apostles enlarged expounded confirmed set forth the which was either Morall and perpetuall or Iudicial and politicall But as concerning the written Law cōmitted wholly to the Israelites lette it bee obserued first