notion_n and_o not_o essential_a or_o intrinsical_v to_o it_o again_o more_o and_o less_o which_o be_v intrinsical_v difference_n signify_v some_o proportion_n or_o comparison_n of_o one_o to_o the_o other_o which_o can_v have_v no_o place_n in_o permanent_a and_o successive_a quantity_n for_o what_o sense_n bear_v it_o to_o say_v that_o a_o yard_n be_v as_o long_o as_o a_o hour_n wherefore_o since_o it_o be_v a_o most_o certain_a maxim_n that_o comparison_n be_v make_v of_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la or_o kind_n which_o by_o the_o way_n show_v that_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o any_o genus_fw-la or_o kind_a be_v comparative_a notion_n or_o more_o and_o less_o of_o it_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o continue_v quantity_n be_v not_o a_o proper_a genus_fw-la to_o they_o as_o such_o nor_o they_o proper_a species_n of_o it_o or_o constitute_v such_o under_o it_o by_o intrinsecal_n difference_n but_o each_o of_o they_o be_v the_o very_a genus_fw-la itself_o of_o continue_v quantity_n consider_v under_o diverse_a state_n altogether_o disparate_a and_o one_o of_o they_o viz._n successive_a connotate_v the_o predicament_n of_o action_n the_o other_o seem_v rather_o to_o hold_v on_o the_o side_n of_o mere_a quantity_n though_o that_o common_a head_n do_v in_o rigour_n abstract_v from_o both_o those_o state_n 13._o the_o division_n of_o permanent_a continue_v quantity_n into_o extensive_a contain_v the_o three_o species_n 8._o above_o mention_v and_o intensive_a or_o weight_n be_v yet_o more_o defective_a than_o the_o other_o for_o first_o part_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la itself_o viz._n permanent_a be_v accidental_a to_o quantity_n next_o there_o be_v no_o natural_a propension_n one_o way_n or_o other_o inherent_a in_o body_n while_o in_o rest_n as_o be_v show_v in_o physics_n weight_n must_v be_v take_v for_o a_o actual_a tendency_n downward_o and_o so_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o predicament_n of_o action_n or_o passion_n according_a as_o the_o body_n that_o weigh_v be_v consider_v either_o as_o press_v upon_o by_o the_o superior_a body_n or_o press_v that_o below_o it_o whence_o whatever_o else_o we_o can_v conceive_v of_o the_o notion_n of_o weight_n in_o any_o body_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o its_o density_n for_o this_o make_v it_o apt_a to_o receive_v the_o full_a impression_n of_o the_o descend_a air_n and_o better_a and_o more_o swift_o cut_v the_o medium_n when_o its_o motion_n be_v once_o determine_v whereas_o rare_a body_n suffer_v the_o descend_a particle_n to_o slip_v through_o they_o and_o do_v but_o dull_o and_o slow_o divide_v the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v in_o their_o descent_n but_o of_o this_o more_o in_o physics_n 14._o infinite_a discrete_a quantity_n that_o be_v infinite_a number_n can_v belong_v to_o the_o predicament_n of_o quantity_n for_o then_o it_o must_v either_o have_v the_o place_n there_o of_o a_o genus_fw-la or_o of_o a_o species_n whereas_o it_o can_v be_v neither_o because_o the_o generical_a notion_n will_v in_o that_o case_n be_v common_a to_o more_o infinite_a number_n as_o its_o species_n which_o be_v a_o contradiction_n for_o since_o each_o of_o these_o species_n be_v infinite_a in_o such_o a_o line_n or_o under_o such_o a_o notion_n must_v comprehend_v all_o that_o can_v be_v in_o that_o line_n they_o will_v each_o of_o they_o contain_v the_o whole_a line_n of_o number_n and_o so_o each_o of_o they_o will_v be_v of_o as_o large_a a_o notion_n as_o their_o genus_fw-la nor_o will_v they_o in_o that_o case_n be_v different_a from_o one_o another_o in_o that_o line_n because_o one_o of_o they_o can_v have_v nothing_o which_o the_o other_o have_v not_o nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o be_v diverse_a species_n nor_o can_v infinite_a quantity_n be_v their_o genus_fw-la beside_o two_o infinits_z under_o what_o notion_n soever_o limit_n and_o so_o destroy_v one_o another_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v solve_v by_o say_v that_o quantity_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o finit_fw-la and_o infinite_a and_o that_o species_n that_o be_v infinite_a be_v but_o one_o or_o have_v no_o more_o of_o its_o kind_n but_o its_o single_a self_n for_o since_o infinite_a in_o any_o notion_n include_v all_o that_o can_v belong_v to_o that_o notion_n nothing_o of_o the_o genus_fw-la will_v be_v leave_v for_o its_o fellow_n species_n to_o partake_v of_o which_o make_v finite_a number_n to_o be_v no_o species_n last_o as_o the_o difference_n of_o continue_v quantity_n be_v great_a or_o lesser_a determinate_a part_n so_o the_o difference_n of_o number_n must_v be_v more_o or_o few_o determinate_a part_n which_o can_v bear_v no_o sense_n if_o one_o of_o the_o species_n have_v all_o or_o be_v endless_a or_o indeterminate_a 15._o hence_o it_o be_v logical_o demonstrate_v that_o infinite_a number_n be_v impossible_a and_o contradictory_n since_o it_o contradict_v the_o method_n and_o maxim_n of_o all_o our_o natural_a notion_n for_o be_v it_o put_v it_o ought_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o common_a head_n of_o quantity_n which_o we_o see_v be_v in_o many_o regard_v implicatory_a add_v that_o as_o no_o ens_fw-la be_v capable_a of_o existence_n unless_o it_o be_v first_o ultimate_o determine_v to_o be_v this_o or_o that_o so_o no_o affection_n of_o ens_fw-la v_o g._n number_n can_v possible_o exist_v in_o thing_n unless_o it_o be_v determine_v in_o its_o own_o line_n to_o be_v this_o or_o that_o number_n which_o be_v here_o forbid_v it_o by_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o infinite_a which_o signify_v indeterminate_a 16·_v therefore_o continue_v quantity_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n can_v be_v infinite_a that_o be_v there_o can_v be_v a_o infinite_a extent_n or_o expansion_n of_o body_n for_o than_o the_o subject_n will_v verify_v it_o that_o there_o must_v be_v in_o it_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o yard_n which_o be_v now_o prove_v impossible_a 17._o for_o the_o same_o reason_n there_o can_v have_v be_v infinite_a time_n for_o then_o again_o there_o must_v have_v be_v a_o infinite_a number_n viz._n of_o hour_n again_o let_v we_o put_v time_n to_o have_v be_v infinite_a that_o be_v never_o to_o have_v begin_v then_o there_o must_v have_v succeed_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o hour_n wherefore_o in_o that_o whole_a collection_n of_o hour_n there_o must_v either_o have_v be_v some_o one_o hour_n distant_a from_o this_o present_a hour_n by_o infinite_a intermediate_n one_o or_o no_o one_o hour_n thus_o distant_a if_o no_o one_o than_o the_o whole_a collection_n of_o hour_n consist_v of_o one_o be_v finite_a if_o some_o one_o hour_n be_v distant_a from_o this_o present_a one_o by_o infinite_a intermediate_n one_o than_o we_o be_v force_v to_o put_v a_o infinite_a which_o have_v two_o end_n viz._n that_o hour_n say_v to_o be_v infinite_o long_a ago_o and_o this_o present_a hour_n that_o now_o pass_v that_o be_v we_o must_v put_v a_o infinite_a to_o be_v finite_a corol._n hence_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n consist_v in_o motion_n have_v a_o beginning_n or_o first_o motion_n therefore_o a_o first-mover_n therefore_o some_o spiritual_a nature_n as_o 4._o will_v be_v demonstrate_v hereafter_o lesson_n vi_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o quality_n 1._o the_o notion_n of_o substance_n be_v what_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o that_o of_o quantity_n how_o great_a it_o be_v or_o how_o much_o there_o be_v of_o it_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o quality_n as_o be_v say_v above_o and_o indeed_o as_o the_o very_a word_n import_v be_v how_o a_o thing_n be_v in_o respect_n to_o its_o own_o peculiar_a nature_n that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v or_o no._n this_o will_v be_v far_a evident_a from_o the_o whole_a follow_a discourse_n 2._o wherefore_o there_o must_v be_v so_o many_o common_a kind_n or_o species_n of_o quality_n as_o there_o may_v be_v common_a consideration_n of_o how_o a_o thing_n be_v in_o regard_n to_o its_o own_o peculiar_a nature_n 3._o wherefore_o see_v the_o subject_n may_v be_v thus_o consider_v either_o according_a to_o its_o intrinsecal_n or_o according_a to_o extrinsecal_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v refer_v and_o if_o to_o intrinsecal_n then_o either_o according_a to_o some_o perfection_n or_o imperfection_n of_o its_o intrinsecal_n temperature_n or_o constitution_n which_o we_o call_v habit_n if_o permanent_a or_o disposition_n if_o transitory_a or_o to_o its_o outward_a shape_n conceive_v to_o inhere_o in_o it_o call_v figure_n if_o it_o be_v consider_v according_a to_o extrinsecal_n then_o either_o according_a to_o the_o cause_n from_o which_o it_o may_v suffer_v or_o be_v variable_a which_o we_o call_v passable_a quality_n if_o steady_a or_o passion_n if_o sudden_a and_o fleet_a or_o to_o the_o effect_n or_o operation_n it_o may_v or_o may_v not_o produce_v which_o we_o name_v its_o power_n or_o impotency_n hence_o quality_n in_o common_a be_v divide_v into_o four_o kind_n and_o no_o
nor_o in_o what_o their_o more_o than_o adamantin_n hardness_n consist_v nor_o how_o the_o potential_a part_n of_o these_o atom_n do_v come_v to_o have_v such_o a_o insuperably-firm_a coherence_n nor_o yet_o do_v cartesius_n explicate_v to_o we_o of_o what_o nature_n his_o first_o mass_n of_o matter_n be_v what_o degree_n of_o consistency_n or_o density_n it_o have_v and_o if_o any_o as_o it_o must_v have_v some_o or_o oâ—her_o why_o it_o be_v to_o be_v of_o that_o density_n or_o in_o what_o that_o density_n consist_v which_o show_v that_o neither_o of_o they_o regard_v or_o mind_v the_o intrinsecal_n nature_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n though_o this_o must_v needs_o have_v have_v great_a influence_n on_o the_o oeconomy_n of_o the_o world_n and_o have_v afford_v we_o much_o light_n to_o know_v the_o constitution_n and_o temper_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o consequent_o of_o their_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n as_o also_o of_o many_o intrinsical_a modification_n of_o they_o high_o conduce_v to_o give_v account_n of_o and_o explicate_v the_o operation_n of_o natural_a agent_n the_o only_a thing_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v regard_v be_v the_o extension_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n and_o the_o motion_n figure_n and_o situation_n of_o its_o part_n which_o be_v extrinsical_a or_o common_a consideration_n but_o to_o give_v any_o account_n of_o what_o intrinsical_a or_o essential_a nature_n that_o matter_n be_v they_o be_v perfect_o silent_a they_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v but_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v of_o such_o or_o such_o a_o intrinsical_a nature_n which_o yet_o they_o must_v be_v bind_v to_o do_v since_o all_o extrinsical_a respect_n come_v by_o motion_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o begin_v or_o if_o epicurus_n do_v by_o make_v his_o atom_n infractil_o it_o be_v both_o say_v gratis_o and_o beside_o he_o give_v we_o no_o account_n in_o what_o that_o quality_n of_o indissoluble_a hardness_n consist_v or_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v explicate_v 11._o hence_o the_o peripatetic_n allege_v that_o however_o the_o author_n of_o those_o sect_n be_v man_n of_o great_a wit_n and_o strong_a brain_n for_o it_o be_v not_o a_o task_n for_o ordinary_a capacity_n to_o undertake_v a_o design_n that_o fathom_n and_o comprehend_v all_o nature_n yet_o they_o can_v never_o begin_v with_o evident_a categorical_a proposition_n and_o first_o principle_n or_o carry_v on_o their_o discourse_n so_o as_o to_o bear_v the_o test_n of_o true_a logic_n but_o either_o their_o principle_n must_v be_v far_o from_o self-evident_a and_o must_v need_v proof_n which_o be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o first_o principle_n or_o else_o their_o consequence_n must_v be_v loose_a and_o slack_a and_o the_o only_a way_n to_o refute_v this_o objection_n be_v for_o some_o of_o their_o school_n to_o put_v it_o to_o the_o trial_n by_o lay_v their_o principle_n and_o proceed_v forward_o to_o draw_v all_o along_o evident_a conclusion_n without_o intermingle_v their_o own_o supposition_n but_o the_o peripatetic_n be_v very_o confident_a they_o neither_o can_v do_v this_o nor_o will_v ever_o attempt_v it_o i_o mean_v so_o as_o to_o carry_v it_o along_o with_o connexion_n and_o evidence_n in_o which_o spinoza_n though_o perhaps_o the_o best_a writer_n of_o the_o cartesian_a school_n fall_v very_o short_a and_o piece_n out_o his_o discourse_n with_o many_o unproved_a supposition_n as_o be_v hint_v above_o in_o my_o preface_n 12._o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o corpuscularian_o be_v force_v by_o their_o cause_n to_o decline_v such_o a_o severe_a method_n antiperipatetick_n strive_v to_o avail_v themselves_o and_o uphold_v their_o cause_n by_o witty_a discourse_n smooth_a language_n clear_a expression_n apt_a similitude_n ingenious_a experiment_n that_o bear_v a_o semblance_n of_o agree_v with_o their_o doctrine_n and_o such_o like_a stratagem_n to_o make_v a_o plausible_a show_n of_o science_n but_o their_o chief_a reliance_n be_v on_o the_o facile_a and_o familiar_a appearance_n to_o fancy_n with_o which_o they_o court_v that_o delusive_a and_o easy_o delude_v faculty_n and_o to_o this_o end_n they_o gratify_v it_o with_o such_o proposal_n as_o be_v apt_a to_o sink_v into_o it_o most_o pleas_o such_o as_o be_v particle_n of_o matter_n who_o variety_n of_o imaginary_a figure_n and_o the_o diverse_a position_n of_o they_o they_o without_o study_n quick_o apprehend_v and_o conceit_v that_o all_o be_v do_v when_o they_o have_v thus_o fancy_v or_o apprehend_v they_o they_o argue_v thus_o if_o these_o pore_n and_o part_n will_v do_v the_o business_n what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o those_o abstruse_a and_o metaphysical_a speculation_n of_o formal_a composition_n and_o mutation_n and_o those_o many_o intrinsical_a change_n of_o which_o fancy_n can_v frame_v no_o idea_n or_o shape_v and_o indeed_o such_o high_a point_n seem_v to_o that_o superficial_a faculty_n mysterious_a whimsy_n they_o disgust_v it_o with_o the_o laboriousness_n of_o comprehend_v they_o and_o persuade_v man_n of_o fancy_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o explicate_v nature_n by_o such_o principle_n because_o they_o be_v raise_v beyond_o its_o reach_n and_o indeed_o if_o nature_n can_v be_v solid_o explicate_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o contessellation_n of_o particle_n fancy_n will_v have_v as_o it_o never_o have_v some_o reason_n but_o if_o upon_o examination_n we_o come_v to_o find_v that_o such_o scheme_n go_v no_o deep_a than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o thing_n that_o they_o can_v never_o reach_v to_o the_o bottom-principle_n of_o nature_n nor_o give_v solid_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o true_a intrinsical_a nature_n of_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o judgement_n attend_v to_o maxim_n of_o evident_a reason_n and_o to_o true_a logic_n then_o we_o must_v be_v force_v to_o follow_v the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n and_o have_v recourse_n to_o intrinsical_a and_o formal_a mutation_n especial_o if_o the_o necessity_n of_o allow_v it_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v demonstate_v 13._o to_o do_v which_o be_v our_o present_a work_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o epicurus_n doctrine_n a_o scholar_n of_o the_o first_o class_n in_o the_o school_n of_o democritus_n this_o philosopher_n if_o we_o may_v call_v he_o so_o put_v innumerable_a atom_n or_o rather_o contrary_a to_o a_o clear_a demonstration_n a_o actual_o infinite_a number_n of_o they_o and_o of_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o figure_n descend_v in_o a_o infinite_a imaginary_a space_n or_o vacuity_n some_o of_o they_o downward_o some_o of_o they_o overthwart_o according_a as_o his_o hypothesis_n have_v occasion_n that_o so_o they_o may_v overtake_v their_o fellow-atome_n with_o which_o cling_v together_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o mere_a figure_n they_o compound_v several_a world_n and_o every_o particular_a body_n in_o each_o of_o those_o world_n that_o natural_a body_n become_v rare_a or_o dense_n according_a as_o they_o have_v in_o they_o more_o or_o few_o of_o those_o atom_n or_o as_o they_o call_v it_o plenum_fw-la in_o proportion_n to_o the_o vacuum_n thus_o much_o in_o common_a of_o his_o hypothesis_n which_o be_v the_o circumstance_n proper_a it_o be_v easy_a to_o show_v beside_o it_o be_v vnprove_v be_v a_o hotchpotch_n of_o the_o most_o refine_a nonsense_n in_o every_o particular_a sentence_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o word_n notwithstanding_o the_o explication_n and_o patronage_n which_o gassendus_fw-la lucretius_n and_o our_o dr._n charleton_n have_v lend_v he_o while_o i_o be_o speak_v of_o his_o tenet_n i_o note_v here_o by_o the_o way_n that_o by_o the_o indivisibility_n of_o his_o atom_n he_o mean_v insuperable_a hardness_n or_o absolute_a infractilness_n and_o not_o that_o they_o consist_v in_o a_o point_n or_o want_n extension_n as_o he_o be_v understand_v by_o mr._n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr in_o his_o entire_a body_n of_o philosophy_n part_v 4._o c._n 4._o §_o 6._o for_o to_o think_v that_o since_o he_o make_v they_o of_o several_a figure_n there_o shall_v want_v room_n or_o space_n to_o admit_v division_n can_v not_o be_v mean_v by_o such_o man_n as_o epicurus_n or_o gassendus_fw-la but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o business_n what_o concern_v we_o at_o present_a be_v this_o that_o let_v he_o contrive_v his_o scheme_n as_o he_o please_v for_o in_o such_o fantastic_a philosophy_n all_o be_v as_o please_v fancy_n the_o painter_n yet_o he_o must_v be_v force_v to_o grant_v intrinsecal_n and_o formal_a mutation_n even_o while_o he_o most_o industrious_o strive_v to_o avoid_v it_o at_o least_o though_o perhaps_o his_o follower_n will_v not_o own_o the_o conclusion_n yet_o they_o must_v allow_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o or_o the_o principle_n that_o ought_v to_o infer_v it_o 14._o to_o show_v which_o we_o ask_v be_v all_o his_o atom_n of_o the_o same_o matter_n changeable_a he_o must_v grant_v it_o for_o he_o allow_v no_o difference_n between_o they_o but_o that_o of_o figure_n again_o each_o of_o those_o atom_n must_v be_v grant_v to_o be_v
have_v study_v many_o of_o those_o logick_n myself_o when_o i_o be_v young_a and_o all_o of_o any_o note_n i_o have_v see_v then_o and_o consider_v they_o very_o attentive_o till_o i_o have_v almost_o lose_v my_o natural_a reason_n by_o dwell_v upon_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o and_o i_o believe_v the_o same_o pass_v with_o other_o young_a student_n i_o know_v no_o more_o how_o to_o go_v to_o work_v to_o demonstrate_v any_o thing_n than_o if_o i_o have_v never_o see_v they_o they_o start_v now_o and_o then_o some_o curious_a amuse_v but_o jejune_n and_o useless_a question_v about_o ens_fw-la rationis_fw-la union_n etc._n etc._n and_o set_v many_o confuse_a idea_n of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o logic_n in_o my_o memory_n but_o still_o my_o reason_n be_v not_o enlighten_v nor_o enable_v to_o perform_v those_o fine_a thing_n they_o have_v tell_v i_o of_o nor_o be_v it_o any_o wonder_n for_o they_o speak_v not_o to_o my_o reason_n nor_o endeavour_v to_o ground_v their_o discourse_n on_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o hand_n nor_o to_o show_v demonstrative_o why_o every_o step_v they_o lead_v i_o or_o lesson_n they_o teach_v i_o must_v be_v true_a nor_o how_o it_o do_v influence_n true_a knowledge_n or_o advance_v direct_o towards_o the_o acquisition_n of_o science_n so_o that_o it_o look_v more_o like_o a_o kind_n of_o history_n of_o what_o those_o author_n have_v say_v or_o write_v than_o like_o a_o method_n to_o find_v out_o truth_n insomuch_o that_o i_o come_v at_o length_n to_o suspect_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o those_o kind_n of_o logician_n be_v not_o to_o pursue_v the_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v have_v by_o clear_a demonstration_n but_o that_o they_o mean_v to_o furnish_v young_a wit_n with_o certain_a modes_n of_o talk_v with_o a_o show_n of_o learning_n and_o of_o signalize_a themselves_o for_o be_v able_a to_o argue_v pro_fw-la or_o con_v indifferent_o in_o scholastic_a dissertation_n it_o resemble_v the_o tire_v of_o a_o hawk_n serve_v only_o to_o exercise_v its_o nibble_a faculty_n and_o whet_v the_o appetite_n but_o have_v nothing_o of_o nutritive_a in_o it_o to_o satisfy_v it_o for_o reflection_n will_v teach_v we_o very_o evident_o that_o only_o that_o which_o be_v make_v clear_a to_o our_o reason_n can_v settle_v in_o it_o nourish_v and_o dilate_v it_o as_o be_v proper_a and_o connatural_a food_n to_o a_o rational_a soul_n and_o that_o whatever_o we_o take_v in_o or_o careless_o swallow_v that_o be_v not_o such_o but_o mere_o wordish_a only_o fill_v we_o full_a of_o wind_n and_o air_n which_o break_v out_o in_o insipid_a talk_n the_o fault_n than_o lie_v evident_o in_o the_o logick_n which_o have_v be_v use_v in_o the_o school_n hitherto_o none_o of_o which_o have_v attempt_v to_o show_v demonstrative_o the_o way_n how_o to_o demonstrate_v or_o give_v we_o a_o connected_a discourse_n of_o the_o method_n to_o science_n it_o be_v note_v that_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o preacher_n go_v along_o with_o his_o doctrine_n make_v the_o doctrine_n itself_o more_o edify_v and_o by_o parity_n have_v the_o teacher_n of_o logic_n practise_a demonstration_n all_o the_o while_o they_o have_v teach_v how_o to_o demonstrate_v those_o rule_n so_o rational_o imprint_v sink_v deep_a into_o their_o soul_n and_o thence_o become_v as_o it_o be_v a_o limb_n or_o faculty_n of_o their_o judgement_n will_v have_v true_o enable_v they_o how_o to_o act_v according_o whereas_o while_o they_o swim_v only_o in_o their_o memory_n they_o serve_v for_o nothing_o but_o to_o pour_v out_o indige_o what_o they_o have_v raw_o take_v in_o but_o now_o where_o be_v that_o author_n who_o have_v hitherto_o make_v such_o a_o useful_a and_o necessary_a attempt_n none_o that_o i_o know_v of_o the_o treatise_n call_v ars_fw-la cogitandi_fw-la have_v divers_a excellent_a thing_n in_o it_o and_o in_o some_o place_n have_v make_v many_o good_a step_n towards_o true_a logic_n and_o the_o example_n it_o bring_v be_v very_o illustrate_v but_o yet_o in_o the_o main_a it_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o the_o school_n reform_v into_o method_n and_o elegancy_n it_o abound_v with_o many_o useless_a particular_n it_o do_v not_o bottom_n itself_o upon_o nature_n only_o which_o can_v give_v solidity_n to_o our_o reason_n it_o have_v many_o unproved_a supposition_n and_o bare_a say_n without_o offer_v any_o proof_n and_o yet_o i_o do_v very_o believe_v that_o have_v not_o the_o author_n calculate_v it_o for_o that_o particular_a sort_n of_o philosophy_n they_o have_v espouse_v which_o can_v bear_v no_o evidence_n but_o have_v follow_v the_o guidance_n of_o their_o own_o natural_a genius_n which_o doubtless_o be_v very_o extraordinary_a it_o will_v have_v much_o excel_v its_o present_a self_n *_o mr._n le_fw-fr grand_n method_n say_v much_o but_o prove_v little_a and_o i_o believe_v both_o cartesius_n and_o himself_o do_v first_o consider_v and_o survey_v the_o whole_a scheme_n of_o their_o doctrine_n and_o then_o fit_v their_o logic_n to_o it_o which_o be_v preposterous_a and_o preternatural_a for_o the_o certain_a way_n to_o the_o end_n of_o our_o journey_n shall_v be_v foreknow_v ere_o we_o set_v the_o first_o step_n towards_o it_o mr._n lushington_n have_v with_o much_o pain_n go_v about_o to_o demonstrate_v some_o particular_n of_o the_o summulist_n part_n of_o logic_n and_o chief_o that_o about_o predication_n but_o there_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o nature_n in_o his_o ground_n he_o regard_v not_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o mankind_n nor_o in_o what_o they_o consist_v and_o therefore_o his_o discourse_n be_v so_o perfect_o artificial_a that_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v to_o nature_n nor_o nature_n to_o they_o he_o impose_v imprudent_o new_a language_n and_o new_a term_n upon_o his_o reader_n which_o he_o may_v have_v assure_v himself_o they_o will_v never_o take_v pain_n to_o learn_v he_o affect_v the_o way_n of_o a_o b_o c_o which_o make_v a_o show_n of_o science_n but_o the_o product_n of_o his_o discourse_n be_v oftentimes_o no_o more_o but_o the_o bare_a proposition_n he_o be_v to_o prove_v only_o dress_v up_o in_o a_o mathematical_a garb._n his_o whole_a book_n in_o my_o judgement_n may_v have_v be_v more_o clear_o comprise_v in_o one_o sheet_n of_o paper_n and_o last_o as_o for_o want_v of_o nature_n to_o ground_v his_o conception_n his_o several_a proof_n can_v never_o enter_v into_o the_o reason_n so_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a they_o shall_v ever_o stay_v long_o in_o the_o memory_n yet_o his_o attempt_n to_o demonstrate_v in_o such_o a_o sceptical_a age_n and_o his_o industry_n deserve_v a_o fair_a commendation_n and_o may_v provoke_v other_o to_o make_v the_o same_o attempt_n with_o better_a success_n burgersdicius_n be_v clear_o contrive_v for_o the_o memory_n only_o and_o not_o for_o the_o reason_n and_o he_o confound_v and_o over-burthen_n it_o too_o with_o the_o multitude_n of_o his_o canon_n rule_n and_o division_n for_o which_o he_o seldom_o or_o never_o give_v any_o reason_n but_o put_v they_o to_o be_v believe_v by_o his_o reader_n if_o he_o please_v and_o so_o leave_v he_o still_o in_o the_o dark_a yet_o he_o may_v be_v make_v useful_a to_o new_a beginner_n be_v something_o of_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o purpose_n pick_v out_o unnecessary_a thing_n in_o which_o he_o superabounds_a cut_v off_o his_o error_n which_o be_v not_o a_o few_o correct_v by_o some_o learned_a hand_n and_o his_o shatter_v thrums-end_n weave_v into_o some_o kind_n of_o connexion_n and_o dependence_n on_o one_o another_o to_o do_v which_o little_a transition_n from_o one_o passage_n to_o another_o be_v insufficient_a but_o as_o he_o be_v he_o inform_v not_o the_o understanding_n of_o any_o one_o thing_n ground_o or_o solid_o he_o fall_v exceed_o short_a of_o ars_fw-la cogitandi_fw-la in_o many_o regard_v how_o he_o may_v please_v climate_n of_o a_o dull_a genius_n i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v much_o wonder_n if_o any_o learned_a englishman_n shall_v consider_v or_o esteem_v he_o mr._n clark_n far_o exceed_v he_o in_o good_a sense_n and_o in_o give_v some_o reason_n for_o what_o he_o say_v in_o many_o particular_a passage_n but_o by_o his_o frame_v the_o contexture_n of_o his_o book_n out_o of_o author_n of_o different_a principle_n his_o discourse_n do_v sometime_o appear_v desultory_n and_o like_o a_o kind_n of_o elaborate_v rhapsody_n lay_v well_o together_o by_o his_o own_o good_a wit._n he_o mistake_v aristotle_n now_o and_o then_o by_o take_v his_o sentiment_n as_o represent_v by_o his_o adversary_n who_o interest_n and_o principles_n conspire_v to_o make_v they_o misconceive_v he_o he_o abound_v with_o many_o reflection_n not_o all_o conduce_v to_o science_n a_o fault_n from_o which_o aristotle_n himself_o be_v not_o altogether_o free_a which_o make_v it_o more_o pardonable_a for_o instance_n to_o what_o
purpose_n be_v his_o many_o distinction_n of_o his_o proposition_n especial_o those_o he_o call_v exponibiles_fw-la let_v but_o the_o learner_n know_v certain_o and_o liquid_o what_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v in_o any_o proposition_n which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o copula_fw-la that_o be_v to_o come_v between_o they_o and_o unite_v they_o and_o have_v a_o care_n that_o the_o word_n that_o express_v they_o be_v univocal_a he_o will_v be_v furnish_v with_o mean_n to_o see_v the_o form_n of_o connexion_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o proposition_n and_o be_v only_o conducive_a to_o science_n which_o whole_o consist_v in_o the_o connexion_n of_o term_n his_o chief_a misfortune_n be_v that_o he_o do_v not_o seem_v either_o at_o the_o beginning_n or_o in_o the_o process_n of_o his_o book_n to_o know_v at_o least_o to_o build_v upon_o this_o truth_n and_o stand_v to_o it_o that_o our_o notion_n or_o as_o the_o modern_n have_v take_v a_o toy_n to_o call_v they_o idea_n be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o our_o understanding_n imprint_v by_o outward_a object_n without_o which_o no_o stability_n of_o those_o notion_n or_o idea_n can_v be_v with_o evidence_n assert_v nor_o any_o solid_a knowledge_n possible_o be_v have_v of_o our_o predication_n nor_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n be_v understand_v nor_o consequent_o ean_v there_o be_v any_o firmness_n in_o our_o judgement_n or_o discourse_n whence_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o every_o beginner_n be_v at_o first_o well_o instruct_v and_o settle_v in_o this_o point_n for_o without_o this_o all_o will_v be_v but_o loose_a and_o ungrounded_a talk_n in_o the_o air._n and_o though_o i_o lose_v credit_n with_o our_o late_a wit_n i_o must_v avow_v that_o aristotle_n dry_a assertion_n that_o anima_fw-la intelligendo_fw-la fit_a omne_fw-la though_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o some_o a_o wild_a paradox_n have_v more_o solid_a sense_n in_o it_o be_v it_o right_o understand_v and_o be_v more_o useful_a to_o true_a philosophy_n than_o all_o the_o other_o maxim_n that_o do_v not_o proceed_v upon_o it_o and_o suppose_v it_o which_o yet_o i_o see_v the_o goodness_n of_o nature_n intimate_v to_o many_o and_o force_v they_o to_o ground_v their_o discourse_n on_o it_o practical_o even_o though_o while_o they_o speculate_v they_o deny_v it_o or_o at_o least_o seem_v to_o doubt_v of_o it_o or_o disregard_n it_o observe_v therefore_o this_o great_a want_n under_o which_o philosophy_n which_o be_v the_o study_n of_o truth_n labour_v i_o have_v out_o of_o my_o true_a zeal_n of_o improve_n science_n and_o beat_v down_o scepticism_n the_o profess_a patron_n of_o ignorance_n and_o covert_a parent_n of_o all_o irreligion_n hazard_v the_o opinion_n of_o singularity_n in_o endeavour_v to_o write_v and_o publish_v a_o demonstrative_a logic_n at_o least_o i_o have_v give_v such_o reason_n quite_o through_o it_o as_o i_o judge_v to_o be_v clear_a and_o conclusive_a in_o every_o piece_n of_o it_o that_o have_v any_o influence_n upon_o scientifical_a knowledge_n what_o my_o reader_n may_v expect_v from_o i_o be_v this_o i_o begin_v with_o our_o natural_a notion_n the_o bottom-ground_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n i_o show_v they_o to_o be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n who_o metaphysical_a verity_n be_v establish_v by_o creative_a wisdom_n do_v consequent_o give_v stability_n and_o solidity_n to_o all_o our_o discourse_n that_o be_v build_v on_o they_o i_o distribute_v those_o natural_a notion_n under_o those_o several_a common_a head_n and_o manifest_v why_o there_o must_v be_v so_o many_o and_o no_o 〈◊〉_d show_v how_o their_o definition_n be_v to_o be_v frame_v which_o make_v our_o conception_n of_o theâ—_n 〈◊〉_d and_o distinct._n i_o lie_v rule_n to_o escape_v 〈◊〉_d snare_n which_o equivocal_a word_n lie_v 〈…〉_z way_n while_o we_o be_v discourse_v i_o show_v â—he_n reason_n of_o all_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n in_o connected_a notion_n or_o proposition_n which_o if_o self-evident_a and_o identical_a have_v title_n to_o be_v first_o principle_n as_o from_o many_o head_n i_o demonstrate_v i_o trace_v nature_n in_o all_o those_o nice_a and_o immediate_a step_n she_o take_v to_o generate_v knowledge_n in_o we_o at_o first_o come_v to_o those_o proposition_n that_o need_v proof_n and_o the_o way_n of_o prove_v they_o i_o lay_v open_a the_o fundamental_a ground_n of_o the_o force_n of_o consequence_n which_o give_v the_o nerve_n to_o every_o act_n of_o true_a reason_v and_o of_o the_o certainty_n and_o evidence_n of_o every_o conclusion_n which_o we_o right_o infer_v to_o perform_v which_o i_o manifest_a that_o there_o can_v be_v but_o one_o necessary_a or_o natural_a figure_n of_o a_o syllogism_n and_o but_o four_o mood_n of_o that_o figure_n i_o lay_v down_o and_o fix_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o conclude_v i_o evidence_n the_o nature_n of_o that_o three_o notion_n or_o middle_a term_n by_o the_o connexion_n of_o which_o with_o the_o two_o term_n of_o the_o thesis_n to_o be_v prove_v they_o must_v inevitable_o be_v join_v with_o one_o another_o and_o so_o the_o thesis_n itself_o must_v be_v right_o conclude_v and_o therefore_o infallible_o true_a i_o show_v how_o to_o find_v out_o a_o middle_a term_n fit_a for_o our_o purpose_n and_o thence_o prepare_v the_o way_n for_o demonstration_n i_o lay_v open_a how_o every_o truth_n must_v have_v at_o the_o bottom_n a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o every_o error_n a_o contradiction_n as_o their_o first_o principle_n and_o how_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o those_o principle_n of_o they_o to_o do_v which_o though_o more_o laborious_a be_v the_o best_a way_n of_o demonstrate_v i_o manifest_a thence_o how_o one_o truth_n be_v in_o another_o and_o what_o strange_a consequence_n follow_v thence_o also_o how_o middle_a term_n proper_a for_o demonstration_n may_v be_v take_v from_o all_o the_o four_o cause_n to_o clear_v better_o the_o notion_n of_o science_n i_o treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o opinion_n and_o human_n faith_n their_o ground_n and_o how_o the_o former_a of_o these_o two_o last_o deviate_n from_o right_a reason_n and_o when_o the_o late_a do_v or_o do_v not_o then_o i_o consider_v the_o effect_n issue_v from_o all_o sort_n of_o proof_n viz._n assent_n suspense_n certainty_n and_o uncertainty_n and_o to_o put_v in_o practice_n myself_o what_o i_o do_v persuade_v and_o recommend_v to_o other_o i_o add_v seven_o demonstration_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a thesis_n in_o divers_a science_n and_o last_o i_o lay_v open_a the_o way_n and_o method_n of_o disputation_n and_o detect_v the_o weak_a stratagem_n and_o inefficacious_a attacques_n of_o fallacy_n or_o paralogism_n this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o my_o endeavour_n in_o common_a but_o beside_o these_o many_o particular_a knowledge_n light_a in_o on_o the_o by_o and_o as_o i_o hope_v very_o useful_a one_o which_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o enumerate_v the_o manner_n i_o use_v to_o carry_v on_o the_o scheme_n of_o my_o doctrine_n be_v not_o to_o propose_v my_o conception_n magisterial_o or_o to_o expect_v any_o one_o shall_v assent_v to_o the_o least_o tittle_n of_o what_o i_o say_v upon_o my_o word_n but_o i_o offer_v my_o reason_n for_o every_o paragraph_n i_o advance_v if_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v to_o need_v any_o by_o do_v which_o i_o speak_v to_o the_o reason_n of_o my_o reader_n and_o withal_o i_o expose_v myself_o to_o the_o severe_a examination_n of_o the_o most_o acute_a and_o judicious_a wit_n of_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o there_o be_v multitude_n in_o those_o seminary_n of_o learning_n our_o two_o famous_a university_n to_o who_o i_o humble_o dedicate_v this_o small_a present_n i_o neither_o strive_v to_o ingratiate_v myself_o by_o my_o style_n nor_o to_o surprise_v any_o by_o plausible_a discourse_n much_o less_o to_o impose_v upon_o their_o understanding_n by_o voluntary_a supposition_n i_o draw_v now_o and_o then_o divers_a useful_a corollary_n and_o some_o that_o will_v seem_v i_o doubt_v not_o paradoxical_a that_o so_o i_o may_v carry_v on_o my_o doctrine_n to_o far_a consequence_n and_o show_v withal_o to_o what_o unthought-of_a conclusion_n reason_n will_v lead_v we_o if_o we_o follow_v she_o close_o and_o home_o nor_o be_o i_o ashamed_a to_o declare_v open_o that_o i_o hold_v that_o the_o chief_a end_n of_o science_n be_v to_o beget_v virtue_n and_o not_o only_o to_o raise_v we_o to_o high_a contemplation_n but_o also_o to_o comfort_v and_o strengthen_v divine_a faith_n in_o we_o and_o to_o make_v it_o more_o lively_a and_o operative_a whence_o i_o have_v take_v occasion_n to_o excite_v my_o reader_n be_v devotion_n out_o of_o the_o reflection_n on_o divers_a point_n that_o seem_v of_o themselves_o to_o be_v but_o dry_a speculation_n make_v account_n that_o good_a thought_n arise_v upon_o the_o spot_n but_o of_o truth_n new_o clear_v to_o our_o
grant_v the_o certainty_n of_o those_o impression_n on_o the_o sense_n or_o they_o must_v confess_v all_o their_o idea_n be_v nothing_o worth_a for_o since_o they_o hold_v that_o the_o object_n imprint_v motion_n on_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o sense_n which_o make_v such_o a_o report_n as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o soul_n the_o proper_a and_o 3_o ingenit_fw-la idea_n of_o such_o a_o body_n be_v either_o excite_v in_o the_o soul_n or_o else_o be_v as_o cartesius_n elsewhere_o express_v it_o elicit_v that_o be_v produce_v by_o it_o upon_o the_o hint_n give_v it_o by_o such_o a_o motion_n in_o case_n the_o impression_n cause_v such_o motion_n be_v not_o sincere_a and_o do_v not_o true_o inform_v she_o a_o wrong_a idea_n may_v come_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o so_o they_o can_v never_o have_v any_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n have_v thus_o get_v rid_v of_o the_o sense_n give_v we_o notice_n of_o outward_a thing_n by_o imprint_v notion_n in_o they_o which_o experience_n teach_v we_o be_v the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o know_v any_o thing_n it_o follow_v of_o course_n that_o they_o must_v recur_v to_o extraordinary_a way_n by_o inward_a mean_n or_o to_o inward_a light_n which_o be_v the_o method_n of_o fanatic_n in_o religion_n when_o they_o have_v reject_v the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o believe_v their_o proper_a teacher_n and_o hence_o the_o cartesian_o tell_v we_o they_o know_v there_o be_v a_o god_n by_o the_o divine_a idea_n of_o himself_o which_o he_o have_v imprint_v in_o they_o which_o be_v in_o other_o term_n to_o say_v that_o they_o have_v it_o kine_n divine_a revelation_n for_o knowledge_n according_a to_o they_o be_v cause_v in_o they_o by_o those_o idea_n nay_o consist_v formal_o in_o thoir_n have_v the_o idea_n of_o thing_n in_o they_o and_o god_n give_v they_o those_o idea_n without_o the_o help_n of_o second_o cause_n it_o follow_v that_o god_n be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n and_o so_o no_o thanks_o at_o all_o to_o the_o thing_n in_o nature_n or_o to_o natural_a agent_n these_o idea_n i_o can_v observe_v by_o cartesius_n discourse_n be_v either_o of_o proposition_n or_o else_o simple_a idea_n of_o the_o former_a they_o say_v that_o whatever_o we_o clear_o and_o distinct_o conceive_v to_o be_v be_v true_a by_o which_o if_o they_o mean_v no_o more_o but_o that_o whatever_o we_o know_v to_o be_v be_v or_o that_o we_o can_v true_o know_v that_o to_o be_v which_o be_v not_o nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a or_o more_o evident_a by_o common_a sense_n only_o they_o run_v counter_a in_o their_o discourse_n and_o make_v not_o the_o understanding_n to_o be_v true_a because_o the_o outward_a thing_n be_v so_o but_o they_o argue_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v therefore_o thus_o or_o thus_o because_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o understanding_n be_v such_o or_o such_o and_o so_o they_o seem_v to_o make_v truth_n consist_v not_o in_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o understanding_n to_o the_o thing_n but_o in_o the_o thing_n be_v be_v conformable_a to_o the_o idea_n in_o my_o understanding_n as_o cartesius_n himself_o affirm_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o instance_n of_o gassendus_fw-la how_o solid_o he_o argue_v from_o simple_a idea_n may_v be_v see_v by_o his_o demonstration_n of_o a_o deity_n which_o he_o conclude_v to_o be_v because_o he_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o be_v that_o have_v all_o perfection_n in_o it_o among_o which_o existence_n be_v one_o which_o idea_n he_o contend_v he_o can_v never_o have_v have_v from_o the_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v have_v be_v imprint_v by_o god_n himself_o immediate_o in_o make_v which_o proof_n passable_a though_o cartesius_n exert_v the_o utmost_a of_o his_o great_a wit_n yet_o this_o plain_a discourse_n will_v manifest_v how_o untoward_a and_o inconclusive_a it_o be_v i_o can_v have_v a_o notien_n or_o idea_n of_o finis_fw-la of_o non_fw-la and_o of_o perfection_n and_o thing_n and_o all_o and_o last_o of_o existence_n and_o have_v i_o not_o such_o distinct_a idea_n of_o all_o these_o i_o can_v not_o understand_v the_o mean_v of_o those_o word_n for_o a_o idea_n can_v be_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o those_o word_n have_v distinct_a idea_n of_o all_o these_o i_o can_v compound_v a_o idea_n pf_n all_o these_o or_o frame_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o thing_n that_o have_v all_o perfection_n in_o it_o and_o existence_n among_o the_o rest_n and_o this_o idea_n be_v in_o my_o mind_n and_o the_o effect_v pure_o of_o my_o mind_n already_o imbue_v with_o those_o simple_a idea_n and_o compound_v they_o for_o i_o have_v it_o not_o from_o any_o one_o thing_n direct_o nor_o do_v i_o gather_v it_o by_o discourse_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n i_o be_v pre-acquainted_a with_o but_o how_o come_v it_o or_o how_o can_v he_o argue_v that_o because_o i_o have_v such_o a_o idea_n frame_v by_o my_o mind_n it_o must_v exist_v without_o my_o mind_n or_o have_v a_o reality_n there_o unless_o my_o mind_n can_v coin_n or_o create_v being_n at_o her_o pleasure_n as_o oft_o as_o i_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o compound_v such_o idea_n together_o he_o play_v witty_o upon_o the_o word_n existence_n but_o we_o may_v consider_v the_o notion_n of_o existence_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o know_v the_o mean_v of_o that_o word_n and_o yet_o abstract_a whether_o it_o do_v actual_o put_v its_o formal_a effect_n that_o be_v whether_o that_o existence_n be_v exercise_v or_o not_o exercise_v in_o the_o thing_n which_o consideration_n alone_o spoil_v his_o whole_a argument_n let_v we_o put_v a_o parallel_n i_o have_v a_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o these_o word_n my_o debtor_n will_v pay_v i_o a_o hundred_o pound_n to_o morrow_n at_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o his_o goldsmith_n that_o be_v i_o have_v in_o my_o mind_n the_o mean_v of_o all_o these_o word_n and_o existence_n be_v necessary_o involve_v in_o the_o mean_v of_o those_o word_n for_o they_o signify_v determinate_a person_n time_n place_n and_o action_n all_o which_o involve_v existence_n will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o that_o action_n of_o pay_v i_o money_n will_v be_v because_o my_o idea_n include_v the_o existence_n of_o that_o action_n so_o determinate_o circumstance_v yet_o upon_o his_o knowledge_n of_o a_o deity_n by_o this_o demonstration_n depend_v by_o his_o discourse_n all_o the_o knowledge_n he_o have_v of_o any_o truth_n except_o perhaps_o of_o ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la what_o need_n be_v there_o to_o run_v after_o whimsy_n coin_v in_o the_o mint_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n to_o demonstrate_v a_o deity_n when_o there_o be_v so_o many_o clear_a demonstration_n of_o it_o from_o solid_a ground_n in_o nature_n it_o may_v seem_v harsh_a that_o i_o shall_v resemble_v though_o cartesian_a method_n to_o fanaticism_n or_o pretend_v they_o bring_v a_o kind_n of_o enthusiasm_n into_o philosophy_n let_v the_o so_o much_o applaud_v malbranche_n be_v my_o compurgator_n that_o very_o ingenious_a and_o eloquent_a person_n who_o have_v a_o peculiar_a talon_n of_o talk_a nonsense_n as_o pretty_o and_o plausible_o as_o any_o man_n i_o ever_o read_v in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o search_n after_o truth_n acquaint_v we_o with_o many_o extraordinary_a thing_n which_o will_v no_o doubt_v as_o bayes_n say_v very_o much_o elevate_v and_o surprise_v a_o ordinary_a reader_n in_o common_a he_o confound_v all_o our_o moral_a and_o christian_a knowledge_n which_o be_v immediate_o ordain_v to_o raise_v we_o towards_o heaven_n and_o advance_v virtue_n and_o sanctity_n with_o the_o speculative_a knowledge_n belong_v to_o mere_a philosophy_n and_o most_o untoward_o misapply_v the_o say_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o father_n which_o be_v never_o mean_v for_o his_o purpose_n but_o in_o order_n to_o devotion_n or_o mystical_a theology_n nay_o to_o the_o beatifical_a state_n of_o god_n manifest_v his_o divine_a essence_n to_o the_o saint_n in_o heaven_n to_o the_o maxim_n and_o method_n by_o which_o we_o be_v to_o attain_v human_a science_n in_o particular_a speak_v his_o own_o sense_n according_a to_o the_o cartesian_a doctrine_n he_o tell_v we_o we_o must_v judge_v of_o thing_n by_o the_o pure_a idea_n of_o the_o mind_n whereas_o i_o shall_v rather_o have_v think_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o guide_v our_o thought_n and_o judge_v of_o they_o by_o the_o conformity_n they_o have_v to_o the_o thing_n in_o nature_n since_o we_o be_v sure_o creative_a wisdom_n make_v they_o and_o implant_v truth_n in_o they_o whereas_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o god_n or_o our_o whimsical_a fancy_n give_v we_o our_o idea_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o the_o late_a if_o they_o be_v not_o conformable_a to_o the_o thing_n without_o we_o he_o tell_v we_o far_o that_o all_o science_n be_v learn_v by_o the_o attention_n of_o
than_o this_o which_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v the_o chief_a subject_n of_o their_o physics_n i_o shall_v dare_v to_o affirm_v that_o they_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n most_o ridiculous_a and_o most_o unintelligible_a foppery_n as_o i_o have_v show_v at_o large_a in_o my_o appendix_n and_o indeed_o how_o shall_v we_o make_v any_o clear_a idea_n of_o their_o matter_n when_o themselves_o speak_v contradiction_n concern_v it_o as_o may_v be_v see_v hereafter_o p._n 417._o where_o i_o shall_v hope_v i_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o their_o force_a silence_n open_v prevarication_n and_o perfect_a inconsistency_n in_o tell_v we_o the_o intrinsical_v nature_n of_o that_o first_o matter_n of_o they_o have_v render_v they_o utter_o incapable_a of_o explicate_v any_o body_n in_o nature_n nor_o can_v we_o need_v any_o great_a confirmation_n that_o their_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v utter_o unprincipled_a and_o unaccountable_a in_o the_o most_o essential_a part_n of_o it_o than_o to_o observe_v that_o neither_o cartesius_n himself_o nor_o regius_n rohault_n regis_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr nor_o any_o of_o that_o school_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o have_v as_o i_o must_v think_v be_v able_a to_o give_v we_o any_o light_n of_o it_o since_o they_o neither_o attempt_v nor_o mention_v it_o which_o show_v they_o be_v at_o a_o utter_a loss_n about_o the_o primordial_a constitution_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n of_o which_o notwithstanding_o they_o acknowledge_v all_o their_o three_o element_n and_o consequent_o all_o nature_n be_v make_v these_o few_o particular_n omit_v innumerable_a other_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o hint_n to_o show_v that_o the_o method_n to_o science_n which_o the_o great_a cartesius_n follow_v be_v utter_o incompetent_a to_o attain_v it_o and_o that_o the_o scheme_n of_o his_o doctrine_n be_v mere_o a_o piece_n of_o wit._n that_o which_o give_v it_o most_o credit_n be_v that_o his_o supposition_n grant_v he_o proceed_v consequent_o in_o the_o subsequent_a part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v pure_o mathematical_a but_o what_o signify_v that_o if_o he_o neither_o observe_v true_a logic_n in_o lay_v his_o principle_n nor_o nature_n in_o his_o physics_n which_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o do_v unless_o he_o give_v we_o a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o intrinsecal_n constitution_n of_o his_o first_o matter_n upon_o which_o all_o depend_v a_o task_n i_o say_v again_o his_o follower_n neither_o will_v ever_o attempt_v nor_o can_v possible_o perform_v by_o his_o principle_n as_o be_v show_v at_o large_a in_o my_o appendix_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o those_o kind_n of_o discourse_n be_v very_o plausible_a and_o take_v with_o the_o middling_a sort_n of_o reader_n and_o with_o such_o who_o be_v much_o please_v with_o a_o melodious_a gingle_n of_o word_n pretty_o lay_v together_o with_o neat_a eloquence_n acquaint_v wit_n and_o unusual_a remark_n for_o those_o kind_n of_o embellishment_n do_v divert_v the_o reader_n make_v the_o author_n pass_v for_o curious_a man_n and_o bear_v a_o fine_a appearance_n of_o truth_n till_o they_o come_v to_o be_v scan_v exact_o and_o grasp_v close_o by_o severe_a reason_n reduce_v they_o to_o principle_n and_o connexion_n of_o term_n which_o do_v it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o they_o afford_v to_o the_o learner_n who_o sincere_o seek_v for_o truth_n nothing_o but_o certain_a bright_a flash_n or_o coruscation_n which_o do_v indeed_o for_o a_o time_n dazzle_v the_o fancy_n but_o they_o settle_v in_o the_o judgement_n no_o constant_a steady_a light_n to_o direct_v they_o in_o their_o way_n to_o true_a science_n far_o i_o must_v declare_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o our_o english_a genius_n that_o though_o we_o do_v not_o match_v the_o french_a in_o the_o finery_n gaiety_n and_o neatness_n of_o their_o deliver_v their_o conception_n a_o talon_n in_o which_o they_o be_v very_o excellent_a any_o more_o than_o we_o do_v in_o our_o outward_a garb_n and_o dress_n yet_o that_o there_o be_v more_o solid_a production_n well_o build_v truth_n and_o more_o judicious_a and_o ingenious_a thought_n of_o his_o own_o in_o our_o learned_a countryman_n mr._n locke_n treatise_n entitle_v a_o essay_n concern_v human_a understanding_n than_o as_o far_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v be_v find_v in_o great_a multitude_n of_o such_o slight_a discourser_n put_v together_o we_o be_v come_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o other_o pretend_a method_n to_o science_n which_o be_v the_o way_n of_o experiment_n or_o induction_n concern_v which_o not_o to_o repeat_v what_o i_o have_v occasional_o by_o way_n of_o reason_n allege_v against_o it_o in_o my_o follow_a book_n i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o matter_n of_o fact_n show_v evident_o that_o this_o method_n alone_o and_o unassisted_a by_o principle_n be_v utter_o incompetent_a or_o unable_a to_o beget_v science_n for_o what_o one_o universal_a conclusion_n in_o natural_a philosophy_n in_o know_v which_o kind_n of_o truth_n science_n consist_v have_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o experiment_n since_o the_o the_o time_n that_o great_a man_n sir_n francis_n bacon_n write_v his_o natural_a history_n the_o very_a title_n of_o which_o laborious_a work_n show_v that_o himself_o do_v not_o think_v science_n be_v attainable_a by_o that_o method_n for_o if_o we_o reflect_v well_o on_o what_o manner_n such_o piece_n be_v write_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o be_v as_o he_o call_v it_o mere_o historical_a and_o narrative_a of_o particular_a observation_n from_o which_o to_o deduce_v universal_a conclusion_n be_v against_o plain_a logic_n and_o common_a sense_n to_o aim_v at_o science_n by_o such_o a_o method_n may_v be_v resemble_v to_o the_o study_n of_o find_v out_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n the_o chemist_n light_v on_o many_o useful_a and_o promise_a thing_n by_o the_o way_n which_o feed_v he_o with_o false_a hope_n and_o decoy_n he_o far_o but_o he_o still_o fall_v short_a of_o his_o end_n what_o man_n of_o any_o past_a or_o of_o our_o present_a curious_a age_n do_v ever_o so_o excel_v in_o those_o industrious_a and_o ingenious_a researche_n as_o that_o honour_n of_o our_o nation_n the_o incomparable_a mr._n boyle_n yet_o after_o he_o have_v ransack_v all_o the_o hide_a recess_n of_o nature_n as_o far_o as_o that_o way_n can_v carry_v he_o he_o be_v still_o a_o sceptic_a in_o his_o principle_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n nor_o can_v with_o the_o utmost_a inquisitiveness_n practise_v by_o so_o great_a a_o wit_n arrive_v at_o any_o certain_a knowledge_n whether_o there_o be_v a_o vacuum_n or_o no_o and_o certain_o we_o can_v expect_v no_o science_n from_o such_o a_o method_n that_o can_v give_v we_o no_o certain_a knowledge_n whether_o in_o such_o a_o space_n there_o be_v something_o or_o nothing_o which_o of_o all_o other_o shall_v be_v the_o most_o easy_o distinguishable_a and_o knowable_a last_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o experiment_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n in_o nature_n be_v discover_v we_o be_v never_o the_o near_o know_v what_o be_v the_o proper_a cause_n of_o such_o a_o effect_n into_o which_o we_o may_v certain_o refund_v it_o which_o and_o only_o which_o be_v the_o work_n of_o science_n for_o gassendus_fw-la will_v explicate_v it_o according_a to_o his_o principle_n cartesius_n according_a to_o he_o the_o noble_a sir_n kenelin_n digby_n and_o his_o most_o learned_a master_n albius_n who_o i_o judge_v to_o have_v follow_v the_o true_a aristotelian_a principle_n according_a to_o they_o so_o that_o after_o all_o the_o assign_v the_o true_a natural_a cause_n for_o that_o effect_n and_o explicate_v it_o right_o must_v be_v decide_v by_o way_n of_o reason_n that_o be_v by_o demonstrate_v first_o who_o principle_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v true_a and_o solid_a and_o only_o he_o or_o they_o who_o can_v approve_v their_o principle_n to_o be_v such_o can_v pretend_v to_o explicate_v that_o natural_a production_n right_a by_o resolve_v it_o into_o its_o proper_a cause_n or_o to_o have_v science_n how_o it_o be_v do_v and_o however_o the_o experimental_a man_n may_v be_v high_o commendable_a in_o other_o respect_n yet_o only_o those_o who_o can_v lay_v just_a claim_n to_o true_a principle_n and_o make_v out_o their_o title_n to_o they_o can_v be_v true_o hold_v natural_a philosopher_n which_o sufficient_o show_v that_o the_o way_n of_o experiment_n can_v be_v a_o true_a method_n to_o science_n but_o to_o leave_v other_o man_n fail_n and_o return_v home_o to_o myself_o to_o obviate_v the_o superficial_a way_n of_o reason_n so_o magnify_v by_o other_o speculater_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o take_v the_o quite_o contrary_a method_n and_o have_v lay_v my_o discourse_n as_o deep_a as_o i_o can_v possible_o and_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v think_v i_o have_v overdo_v in_o those_o about_o identical_a proposition_n for_o which_o yet_o i_o shall_v hope_v the_o reason_n i_o have_v give_v there_o for_o that_o
affection_n of_o the_o soul_n which_o be_v spiritual_a and_o know_v only_o by_o reflection_n shall_v have_v a_o different_a appearance_n the_o two_o manner_n of_o exist_v with_o which_o the_o same_o nature_n be_v vest_v differ_v toto_fw-la genere_fw-la that_o be_v as_o far_o as_o body_n and_o spirit_n their_o subject_n can_v distance_n they_o to_o explicate_v this_o more_o full_o and_o to_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a idea_n i_o offer_v to_o their_o thought_n this_o reflection_n concern_v the_o distinct_a nature_n of_o a_o phantasm_n which_o be_v a_o corporeal_a resemblance_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o the_o mind_n that_o be_v its_o nâ—tion_n express_v by_o a_o definition_n which_o be_v intellectual_a and_o spiritual_a the_o phantasm_n or_o corporeal_a resemblance_n of_o a_o man_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o picture_n of_o a_o thing_n with_o two_o leg_n two_o arm_n such_o a_o face_n with_o a_o head_n place_v upright_o that_o grow_v move_v itself_o etc._n etc._n let_v we_o regard_n next_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o man_n or_o rather_o which_o be_v abate_v the_o expression_n the_o same_o the_o notion_n of_o he_o which_o be_v that_o he_o be_v a_o rational_a creature_n and_o we_o shall_v easy_o discern_v of_o how_o different_a a_o shape_n it_o be_v from_o the_o other_o how_o it_o abstract_n from_o many_o corporeal_a quality_n figure_n of_o the_o part_n and_o other_o consideration_n which_o be_v essential_a ingredient_n to_o the_o picture_n or_o phantasm_n and_o not_o at_o all_o essential_a to_o it_o nor_o find_v in_o the_o definition_n and_o how_o some_o consideration_n too_o be_v add_v in_o the_o definition_n or_o imply_v in_o it_o as_o to_z apprehend_v judge_n discourse_n etc._n etc._n which_o no_o more_o belong_v to_o the_o phantasm_n than_o it_o do_v to_o zeuxis_n grape_n to_o have_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o such_o a_o vegetable_a predicate_v of_o they_o in_o a_o word_n one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o portraiture_n outward_o resemble_v the_o other_o speak_v the_o most_o intrinsical_a essence_n of_o the_o thing_n define_v the_o one_o signify_v bodily_a part_n belong_v to_o such_o a_o animal_n and_o therefore_o be_v corporeal_a the_o other_o do_v not_o signify_v but_o be_v the_o nature_n signify_v and_o this_o too_o by_o word_n which_o denote_v to_o we_o the_o mind_n or_o mean_v that_o be_v the_o notion_n of_o the_o speaker_n which_o be_v therefore_o spiritual_a at_o least_o in_o part_n whence_o the_o complete_a essence_n of_o man_n can_v not_o be_v understand_v nor_o a_o definition_n of_o it_o frame_v without_o make_v use_n of_o some_o of_o these_o notion_n or_o idea_n which_o be_v make_v by_o our_o understanding_n reflect_v upon_o its_o own_o spiritual_a operation_n lesson_n iii_o how_o these_o common_a head_n of_o notion_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v 1._o the_o difference_n that_o divide_v each_o common_a head_n must_v be_v intrinsical_a to_o it_o for_o since_o 5._o we_o can_v discourse_v of_o two_o disparate_a notion_n at_o once_o and_o since_o be_v those_o head_n divide_v by_o difference_n that_o be_v extrinsical_a to_o the_o common_a genus_fw-la or_o take_v from_o another_o head_n each_o species_n of_o it_o will_v consist_v of_o two_o disparate_a notion_n hence_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o science_n that_o the_o difference_n which_o divide_v these_o common_a head_n be_v such_o as_o belong_v to_o no_o other_o common_a head_n but_o be_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o that_o head_n or_o intrinsical_v to_o it_o again_o since_o the_o difference_n be_v most_o formal_a in_o constitute_v the_o species_n and_o the_o genus_fw-la only_o material_a be_v the_o difference_n extrinsical_a or_o borrow_v from_o another_o head_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o all_o the_o species_n of_o the_o head_n divide_v by_o such_o difference_n will_v belong_v to_o another_o head_n viz._n to_o that_o head_n whence_o those_o difference_n be_v take_v which_o will_v put_v all_o our_o notion_n into_o confusion_n and_o involve_v a_o direct_a contradiction_n as_o make_v substance_n to_o be_v quantity_n quality_n etc._n etc._n 2._o intrinsical_a difference_n can_v be_v no_o other_o but_o more_o and_o less_o of_o the_o common_a notion_n for_o since_o be_v intrinsecal_n 1._o they_o can_v be_v take_v from_o any_o other_o head_n it_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v partake_v of_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o their_o own_o respective_a head_n again_o since_o if_o they_o do_v partake_v of_o the_o common_a notion_n equal_o they_o will_v not_o differ_v in_o that_o notion_n and_o so_o will_v not_o be_v difference_n of_o it_o it_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v partake_v of_o it_o unequal_o that_o be_v they_o must_v be_v more_o and_o less_o of_o the_o common_a notion_n 3._o hence_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o ens_fw-la thing_n or_o substence_n be_v that_o which_o be_v capable_a of_o existence_n be_v immediate_o intrinsical_o or_o essential_o divide_v into_o what_o be_v more_o and_o less_o capable_a of_o existence_n wherefore_o 4._o divisible_a and_o indivisible_a which_o constitute_v body_n and_o spirit_n be_v the_o proper_a and_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o substance_n for_o since_o actual_a division_n of_o the_o entity_n make_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v no_o long_o indivisum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la that_o be_v to_o be_v unum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o be_v ens_fw-la that_o be_v to_o be_v capable_a of_o existence_n it_o follow_v that_o that_o ens_fw-la which_o be_v divisible_a or_o body_n be_v less_o capable_a of_o existence_n that_o be_v have_v less_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o substance_n and_o the_o ens_fw-la that_o be_v indivisible_a or_o spirit_n have_v more_o again_o since_o thing_n divisible_a or_o body_n can_v only_o have_v their_o own_o be_v or_o existence_n whereas_o thing_n indivisible_a or_o spirit_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v other_o thing_n also_o or_o of_o have_v in_o they_o the_o nature_n and_o existence_n of_o all_o the_o thing_n they_o know_v hence_o they_o have_v a_o great_a capacity_n of_o existence_n than_o body_n have_v since_o they_o have_v enough_o for_o themselves_o and_o can_v impart_v it_o to_o million_o of_o other_o thing_n beside_o and_o consequent_o body_n and_o spirit_n be_v constitute_v by_o divisible_a and_o indivisible_a as_o by_o the_o proper_a immediate_a and_o intrinsical_a difference_n that_o divide_v substance_n or_o ens._n 5._o the_o divisibility_n and_o indivisibility_n that_o be_v the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o ens_fw-la be_v not_o those_o of_o be_v quantitative_a and_o not_o quantitative_a for_o be_v it_o so_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o some_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o ens_fw-la in_o common_a will_v be_v take_v from_o some_o other_o head_n viz._n that_o of_o quantity_n and_o 1._o so_o the_o difference_n be_v what_o be_v most_o formal_a in_o the_o species_n hence_o those_o species_n of_o ens_fw-la will_v rather_o be_v under_o that_o head_n than_o its_o own_o again_o that_o divisibility_n which_o be_v of_o quantity_n may_v oftentimes_o be_v put_v into_o act_n and_o yet_o the_o same_o ens_fw-la remain_v v_o g._n a_o man_n may_v lose_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o arm_n a_o tree_n of_o a_o branch_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o remain_v still_o the_o same_o thing_n whereas_o if_o quantitative_a divisibility_n be_v the_o intrinsecal_n difference_n which_o constitute_v it_o such_o a_o ens_fw-la quantitative_a division_n must_v by_o consequence_n make_v it_o cease_v to_o be_v that_o ens._n moreover_o since_o quantity_n as_o will_v be_v 4._o short_o see_v be_v divisibility_n and_o divisibility_n in_o unity_n in_o case_n quantity_n do_v intrinsical_o divide_v ens_fw-la and_o constitute_v body_n wherever_o there_o be_v quantity_n there_o will_v be_v unity_n under_o that_o notion_n and_o so_o all_o quantitative_a thing_n will_v be_v but_o one_o ens_fw-la or_o one_o body_n which_o be_v the_o high_a absurdity_n therefore_o the_o divisibility_n and_o indivisibility_n which_o be_v the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o ens_fw-la be_v not_o those_o of_o be_v quantitative_a and_o not_o quantitative_a 6._o therefore_o the_o divisibility_n and_o indivisibility_n which_o divide_v ens_fw-la intrinsical_o must_v be_v the_o divisibility_n and_o indivisibility_n of_o the_o constituent_n of_o ens_fw-la as_o such_o that_o be_v the_o divisibility_n of_o it_o into_o matter_n and_o form_n and_o indivisibility_n of_o it_o into_o such_o constituent_a part_n which_o difference_n do_v essential_o divide_v the_o genus_fw-la of_o ens_fw-la and_o constitute_v the_o species_n of_o body_n and_o spirit_n for_o since_o we_o see_v body_n change_v into_o one_o another_o and_o therefore_o the_o former_a body_n have_v real_o somewhat_o in_o it_o determine_v it_o to_o be_v actual_o what_o it_o be_v which_o we_o call_v the_o form_n and_o somewhat_o by_o which_o it_o can_v be_v another_o which_o we_o call_v the_o power_n to_o be_v another_o or_o matter_n again_o since_o we_o see_v that_o the_o
or_o frame_v distinct_a notion_n of_o it_o beside_o to_o be_v a_o object_n of_o any_o power_n can_v as_o such_o be_v essential_a to_o nothing_o because_o it_o be_v perfect_o extrinsical_a to_o the_o thing_n or_o its_o power_n to_o which_o it_o be_v a_o object_n as_o will_v be_v far_o see_v when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o predicament_n of_o 11._o relation_n wherefore_o the_o division_n of_o this_o species_n of_o of_o quality_n into_o visible_a audible_a tangible_a etc._n etc._n be_v accidental_a to_o quality_n and_o far_o from_o intrinsecal_n or_o essential_a 12._o notwithstanding_o what_o be_v say_v above_o some_o quality_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o so_o be_v in_o part_n essential_a for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v in_o metaphysic_n the_o complexion_n of_o accident_n and_o of_o some_o quality_n among_o the_o rest_n do_v determine_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v this_o and_o distinct_a from_o all_o other_o and_o withal_o fit_v it_o for_o its_o primary_n operation_n and_o consequent_o do_v help_v to_o constitute_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o individual_a body_n as_o part_v of_o its_o form_n passable_a quality_n in_o particular_a may_v contribute_v to_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o thing_n or_o be_v in_o part_n and_o as_o join_v with_o quantity_n essential_a to_o it_o yet_o so_o that_o each_o of_o these_o consider_v alone_o be_v a_o accident_n but_o all_o of_o they_o take_v together_o and_o as_o club_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n ultimate_o to_o be_v this_o they_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v not_o as_o mere_o quantitative_a nor_o as_o qualificative_a but_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o substantial_a form_n 13._o no_o other_o species_n of_o quality_n but_o passable_a quality_n have_v this_o prerogative_n not_o power_n for_o power_n be_v property_n and_o so_o be_v conceive_v to_o follow_v the_o essence_n constitute_v and_o presuppose_v it_o much_o less_o habit_n for_o they_o supervene_v to_o the_o natural_a power_n and_o least_o of_o all_o figure_n for_o this_o be_v extrinsical_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o body_n however_o in_o organical_a body_n they_o may_v help_v to_o determine_v the_o species_n or_o individuum_fw-la 14._o figure_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o body_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o body_n thus_o terminate_v for_o since_o figure_n be_v nothing_o but_o such_o a_o superficies_n and_o the_o superficies_n be_v the_o termination_n of_o profundity_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a quantity_n of_o body_n it_o follow_v that_o figure_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o body_n again_o if_o we_o look_v narrow_o into_o particular_a figure_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o nothing_o but_o that_o the_o quantity_n go_v no_o further_o or_o end_n here_o and_o there_o whence_o the_o figure_n of_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v thus_o and_o thus_o and_o this_o be_v all_o can_v be_v make_v of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o body_n itself_o or_o its_o quantity_n however_o we_o be_v prone_a to_o conceit_n it_o as_o it_o be_v distinct_a from_o body_n to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o ens._n 15._o figure_n alone_o be_v incapable_a of_o more_o or_o less_o in_o the_o same_o species_n for_o since_o figure_n be_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o body_n and_o quantity_n be_v divisibility_n the_o termination_n or_o no-fartherness_a of_o quantity_n must_v be_v no_o quantity_n and_o therefore_o indivisible_a and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o degree_n in_o indivisibles_n it_o follow_v that_o figure_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o more_o and_o less_o within_o the_o same_o species_n but_o every_o alteration_n of_o the_o figure_n be_v a_o new_a species_n of_o it_o 16._o hence_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o selfsame_a quantity_n though_o be_v ofttimes_o imperceptible_a it_o happen_v to_o be_v nameless_a after_o several_a manner_n make_v so_o many_o particular_a figure_n for_o example_n the_o self_n same_o quantity_n viz._n a_o pint_n of_o water_n may_v be_v put_v into_o a_o round_a viol_n and_o a_o square_a or_o oval_a one_o which_o be_v terminate_v after_o a_o particular_a manner_n do_v make_v so_o many_o particular_a kind_n of_o figure_n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v see_v that_o there_o be_v a_o real_a divisibility_n that_o be_v such_o a_o notional_a one_o as_o be_v ground_v in_o nature_n between_o quantity_n and_o figure_n since_o the_o subject_n may_v be_v change_v according_a to_o figure_n and_o not_o according_a to_o quantity_n of_o which_o we_o can_v have_v no_o better_o nor_o more_o familiar_a instance_n than_o a_o pastry-cook's_a form_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o dow_n into_o a_o pie_n and_o a_o lid_n for_o it_o or_o into_o pie_n of_o several_a figure_n 17._o the_o termination_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o body_n be_v the_o outside_o that_o circumscribe_v and_o comprehend_v all_o the_o body_n enclose_v in_o it_o which_o be_v the_o contain_v it_o the_o species_n of_o figure_n simple_o speak_v must_v be_v more_o or_o less_o a_o capacity_n to_o contain_v body_n that_o be_v to_o contain_v more_o or_o less_o of_o it_o hence_o a_o round_a figure_n be_v the_o best_a a_o quadrate_n worse_o and_o a_o parallelogram_n still_o worse_o than_o the_o former_a i_o say_v simple_o speak_v or_o regard_v body_n in_o common_a for_o otherwise_o if_o the_o nature_n of_o some_o sort_n of_o body_n organical_a one_o for_o example_n require_v such_o a_o determinate_a figure_n than_o that_o figure_n be_v better_a or_o worse_o which_o approach_v more_o or_o less_o to_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o best_a suit_n with_o that_o nature_n fit_v it_o best_o for_o its_o operation_n and_o make_v the_o symmetry_n with_o its_o other_o part_n most_o perfect_a thing_n endow_v with_o this_o quality_n we_o use_v to_o call_v well_o shape_v or_o handsome_a which_o with_o fit_a colour_n right_o place_v in_o the_o respective_a part_n make_v up_o that_o amiable_a quality_n we_o call_v beauty_n 18._o all_o corporeal_a quality_n be_v in_o reality_n the_o very_a particle_n or_o part_n of_o body_n this_o have_v be_v prove_v 1._o above_o where_o it_o be_v show_v that_o accident_n be_v not_o entity_n nor_o can_v exist_v of_o themselves_o but_o mere_o by_o their_o identity_n with_o their_o subject_n 19_o wherefore_o corporeal_a power_n be_v nothing_o but_o several_a mix_v part_n so_o contrive_v and_o organise_v as_o enable_v the_o compound_n to_o perform_v such_o and_o such_o operation_n corporeal_a habit_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o same_o part_n by_o use_n and_o bend_v to_o and_o fro_o make_v pliable_a and_o so_o apt_a to_o perform_v they_o more_o easy_o the_o passable_a quality_n be_v the_o same_o part_n as_o render_v the_o subject_a either_o perfect_o or_o imperfect_o divisible_a or_o capable_a to_o be_v alter_v by_o natural_a cause_n figure_n can_v the_o least_o be_v think_v to_o have_v any_o be_v of_o its_o own_o since_o it_o be_v only_o the_o termination_n of_o quantity_n which_o be_v itself_o but_o a_o determination_n of_o body_n corol._n ii_o hence_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o the_o quality_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o minute_n and_o subtle_a particle_n or_o effluvium_n of_o body_n send_v out_o from_o they_o and_o light_v on_o those_o most_o tender_a and_o sensible_a receiver_n and_o affect_v they_o agreeable_o or_o disagreeble_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o idea_n lodge_v in_o the_o fancy_n or_o imaginative_a power_n itself_o nor_o will_v this_o be_v hard_a to_o conceive_v if_o we_o reflect_v attentive_o how_o quantitative_a particle_n may_v be_v still_o less_o and_o less_o almost_o infinite_o corol._n iii_o nor_o will_v it_o hence_o follow_v that_o cartesian_n and_o aristotelian_o agree_v in_o the_o main_a about_o the_o explication_n of_o nature_n in_o regard_n they_o do_v both_o of_o they_o hold_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o matter_n or_o substance_n thus_o or_o thus_o modify_v for_o the_o aristotelian_o give_v a_o account_n of_o there_o minima_fw-la naturalia_fw-la they_o make_v they_o mix_v body_n they_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o first_o or_o original_a mixture_n and_o show_v the_o intrinsecal_n temperature_n or_o constitution_n of_o their_o subject_n or_o the_o inform_v matter_n of_o which_o they_o consist_v from_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o high_a and_o most_o know_a notion_n in_o nature_n viz._n of_o that_o matter_n and_o quantity_n diverse_o proportion_v whence_o arise_v the_o nature_n of_o rarity_n and_o density_n in_o the_o first_o species_n of_o body_n none_o of_o which_o the_o cartesian_o do_v nor_o can_v they_o by_o their_o principle_n reach_v the_o explication_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n or_o render_v any_o tolerable_a account_n of_o it_o whether_o it_o be_v dense_n or_o rare_a hard_a or_o soft_a etc._n etc._n as_o will_v be_v more_o ample_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o appendix_n 20._o
not_o the_o individual_a 8._o the_o relation_n of_o the_o late_a sort_n become_v mutual_a upon_o another_o score_n viz._n because_o action_n and_o its_o proper_a passion_n correspond_v to_o it_o do_v infer_v one_o another_o for_o nothing_o can_v act_n but_o it_o must_v act_n upon_o something_o that_o receive_v that_o action_n or_o suffer_v by_o it_o nor_o suffer_v or_o be_v act_v upon_o but_o by_o something_o that_o act_v on_o it_o 9_o there_o be_v a_o three_o mix_v sort_n of_o relation_n call_v of_o the_o thing_n measure_v to_o the_o measure_n that_o be_v when_o the_o thing_n relate_v depend_v for_o its_o essence_n or_o its_o perfection_n on_o another_o and_o that_o other_o do_v not_o at_o all_o depend_v for_o either_o on_o it_o for_o example_n when_o a_o picture_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o prototype_n it_o depend_v on_o the_o prototype_n for_o its_o perfection_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v measure_v by_o it_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v only_o so_o far_o good_a or_o bad_a as_o it_o resemble_v the_o man_n it_o be_v draw_v for_o but_o the_o prototype_n or_o the_o man_n get_v nothing_o nor_o be_v in_o the_o least_o better_a or_o worse_o by_o have_v a_o picture_n draw_v from_o he_o again_o there_o be_v a_o common_a notion_n of_o lineament_n and_o colour_n find_v in_o both_o which_o make_v it_o seem_v to_o partake_v of_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o relation_n also_o the_o prototype_n by_o imprint_v a_o idea_n of_o itself_o in_o the_o painter_n enable_v he_o in_o some_o sort_n to_o draw_v he_o and_o so_o contribute_v something_o to_o that_o action_n which_o give_v it_o to_o partake_v of_o the_o second_o kind_a so_o that_o this_o kind_a of_o relation_n seem_v to_o be_v mix_v of_o the_o other_o two_o and_o yet_o as_o will_v be_v show_v be_v perfect_o of_o neither_o 10._o this_o kind_n of_o relation_n be_v not_o mutual_a but_o be_v find_v only_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o thing_n measure_v for_o since_o the_o measure_n v._n g._n the_o prototype_n have_v no_o natural_a order_n of_o agency_n or_o patiency_n by_o which_o it_o respect_v the_o picture_n because_o the_o man_n be_v not_o a_o thing_n natural_o ordain_v to_o work_v upon_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o painter_n so_o to_o render_v he_o a_o perfect_a efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o picture_n as_o fire_n be_v ordain_v to_o heat_n a_o master_n to_o command_v etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v there_o a_o true_a unity_n of_o form_n to_o wit_n of_o colour_n and_o figure_n in_o both_o but_o only_o some_o counterfeit_n resemblance_n of_o they_o whence_o we_o can_v without_o speak_v nonsense_n say_v the_o man_n be_v like_o his_o picture_n as_o we_o can_v that_o the_o picture_n be_v like_o the_o man_n or_o that_o two_o white_a wall_n be_v like_o one_o another_o nor_o as_o be_v say_v do_v the_o man_n receive_v any_o degree_n of_o perfection_n or_o imperfection_n by_o be_v picture_v it_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o ground_n or_o reason_n on_o the_o man_n side_n to_o make_v he_o relate_v to_o his_o picture_n wherefore_o he_o have_v no_o real_a relation_n to_o it_o at_o all_o but_o only_o a_o verbal_a one_o consist_v in_o the_o grammatical_a chime_a of_o the_o word_n picture_v to_o â—â—â—ure_n 11._o of_o this_o sort_n be_v the_o relation_n between_o all_o our_o power_n whether_o corporeal_a or_o intellectual_a to_o their_o object_n for_o the_o very_a essence_n and_o nature_n of_o those_o power_n be_v to_o see_v hear_v or_o understand_v the_o object_n and_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o power_n in_o their_o several_a kind_n be_v measure_v and_o rate_v by_o their_o do_v this_o better_a or_o worse_o whereas_o the_o object_n be_v never_o the_o better_o by_o be_v see_v hear_v or_o know_v wherefore_o there_o want_v on_o those_o object_n side_n a_o real_a ground_n and_o therefore_o a_o real_a relation_n to_o our_o power_n however_o the_o word_n seer_n and_o see_v knower_n and_o know_v do_v answer_v one_o another_o as_o if_o they_o be_v proper_a agent_n and_o patient_n and_o order_v mutual_o to_o each_o other_o 12._o of_o this_o sort_n too_o be_v the_o relation_n between_o god_n as_o creator_n and_o his_o creature_n for_o see_v the_o creature_n have_v receive_v all_o it_o have_v or_o can_v have_v from_o its_o creator_n that_o be_v have_v to_o be_v a_o ens_fw-la and_o not_o a_o mere_a nothing_o from_o the_o essential_a idea_n it_o have_v from_o all_o eternity_n in_o the_o divine_a understanding_n and_o be_v put_v afterward_o into_o actual_a be_v or_o existence_n and_o be_v conserve_v in_o the_o same_o by_o his_o continual_a influence_n and_o have_v beside_o all_o its_o accidental_a perfection_n and_o convenience_n by_o the_o course_n of_o cause_n lay_v by_o his_o divine_a providence_n all_o which_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o metaphysic_n hence_o there_o be_v all_o the_o ground_n imaginable_a of_o a_o real_a relation_n on_o the_o creature_n be_v part_n towards_o god._n on_o the_o other_o side_n since_o god_n gain_v no_o kind_n of_o perfection_n by_o make_v creature_n nor_o be_v intrinsical_o better_a in_o the_o least_o by_o his_o create_v they_o there_o can_v be_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o of_o a_o real_a relation_n on_o god_n side_n to_o the_o creature_n but_o only_o a_o verbal_a sound_n of_o creator_n answer_v grammatical_o to_o creature_n as_o creature_n do_v to_o creator_n so_o important_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v in_o philosophy_n not_o to_o be_v delude_v by_o articulate_v air_n or_o mere_a character_n but_o to_o look_v deep_o and_o attentive_o into_o the_o thing_n itself_o and_o to_o guide_v our_o thought_n by_o what_o we_o find_v there_o lest_o we_o come_v to_o frame_v mock-notion_n out_o of_o our_o fancy_n which_o nature_n never_o give_v we_o corol._n i._n hence_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n of_o a_o pact_n or_o covenant_n between_o god_n and_o creature_n that_o upon_o their_o behave_v themselves_o thus_o and_o thus_o he_o enter_v a_o obligation_n of_o do_v thus_o or_o thus_o towards_o they_o the_o which_o do_v consequent_o put_v god_n and_o the_o creature_n upon_o the_o same_o rank_n of_o agency_n and_o patiency_n it_o follow_v i_o say_v that_o such_o expression_n be_v pure_o metaphorical_a and_o far_o from_o proper_a or_o literal_o true_a but_o be_v speak_v humano_fw-la more_fw-it or_o in_o accommodation_n to_o our_o human_a action_n and_o manner_n of_o proceed_v for_o on_o god_n side_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o his_o infinite_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n carry_v on_o supernatural_a good_a disposition_n to_o conformable_a effect_n as_o he_o do_v natural_a disposition_n to_o effect_n suitable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o thing_n which_o rectitude_n of_o his_o will_n be_v essential_a to_o he_o and_o consequent_o independent_a on_o creature_n or_o their_o action_n have_v produce_v the_o same_o effect_n whether_o he_o have_v make_v any_o such_o covenant_n or_o no._n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v proportionable_o of_o god_n promise_v threaten_v command_v require_v satisfaction_n accept_n the_o payment_n of_o it_o and_o suchlike_a which_o though_o metaphorical_a be_v notwithstanding_o true_a amount_v to_o the_o same_o and_o induce_v the_o same_o effect_n though_o in_o a_o more_o sovereign_a way_n and_o more_o become_v god_n infinite_a majesty_n than_o the_o gross_a capacity_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n for_o who_o sake_n those_o low_a conception_n and_o expression_n be_v use_v can_v apprehend_v 13._o there_o be_v yet_o another_o sort_n of_o mutual_a relation_n which_o be_v partly_o artificial_a partly_o natural_a such_o as_o be_v those_o of_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n antecedent_n and_o consequent_a subject_a and_o predicate_v premise_n and_o conclusion_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v partly_o natural_a in_o regard_n our_o understanding_n have_v its_o distinct_a nature_n or_o notion_n as_o well_o as_o whiteness_n action_n or_o any_o other_o ground_n of_o relation_n hitherto_o speak_v of_o and_o these_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o object_n exist_v in_o our_o understanding_n where_o they_o be_v as_o true_o universal_a and_o particular_a subject_a and_o predicate_v etc._n etc._n as_o the_o wall_n be_v white_a or_o the_o quantity_n a_o yard_n etc._n etc._n and_o they_o be_v also_o partly_o artificial_a because_o artist_n in_o logic_n who_o reflect_v on_o the_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o our_o mind_n do_v make_v use_n of_o such_o to_o clear_v their_o notion_n predicate_v they_o of_o one_o another_o and_o discourse_n of_o they_o exact_o 14._o wherefore_o those_o logician_n who_o call_v they_o relationes_fw-la rationis_fw-la mean_v to_o oppose_v they_o by_o that_o expression_n to_o real_a relation_n seem_v to_o forget_v that_o the_o 6._o understanding_n and_o its_o manner_n of_o work_v be_v real_a whereas_o they_o have_v more_o of_o entity_n and_o consequent_o of_o reality_n in_o they_o than_o body_n and_o their_o power_n or_o
or_o extreme_n of_o a_o proposition_n whence_o all_o truth_n be_v say_v to_o consist_v in_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o term_n and_o if_o the_o term_n be_v not_o find_v to_o cohere_v the_o proposition_n be_v just_o hold_v to_o be_v false_a 6._o since_o proposition_n may_v be_v both_o in_o the_o mind_n and_o in_o word_n and_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o notion_n it_o follow_v hence_o so_o the_o word_n be_v not_o equivocal_a that_o mental_a and_o verbal_a proposition_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n so_o that_o it_o be_v in_o reality_n all_o one_o to_o treat_v they_o under_o either_o of_o these_o consideration_n therefore_o in_o regard_n we_o must_v use_v word_n in_o our_o discourse_n concern_v proposition_n and_o many_o time_n artificial_a one_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o they_o indifferent_o as_o take_v in_o either_o condition_n and_o sometime_o use_v the_o word_n judgement_n sometime_o proposition_n as_o it_o light_v only_o let_v it_o be_v remember_v that_o judgement_n be_v only_o in_o the_o mind_n formal_o and_o true_o and_o in_o verbal_a proposition_n only_o as_o in_o sign_n of_o the_o mental_a one_o though_o even_o take_v they_o as_o in_o our_o understanding_n they_o have_v even_o there_o their_o subject_n copula_fw-la and_o predicate_fw-la as_o well_o as_o when_o they_o be_v pronounce_v or_o write_v in_o word_n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v deduce_v that_o the_o rude_a vulgar_a nay_o even_o child_n who_o can_v speak_v or_o discourse_n may_v have_v mental_a proposition_n and_o consequent_o what_o answer_v to_o subject_a copula_fw-la and_o predicate_fw-la in_o their_o understanding_n though_o they_o can_v reflect_v or_o distinguish_v they_o and_o as_o it_o be_v dissect_v and_o anatomize_v their_o own_o thought_n and_o inward_a act_n as_o do_v man_n of_o art_n for_o example_n when_o a_o clown_n know_v or_o judge_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o place_n as_o london_n or_o a_o child_n that_o what_o it_o see_v be_v milk_n they_o have_v in_o their_o mind_n the_o true_a though_o rough_a draught_n of_o these_o two_o proposition_n london_n be_v existent_a and_o this_o be_v milk_n and_o consequent_o of_o what_o correspond_v to_o the_o several_a part_n of_o those_o proposition_n after_o a_o natural_a manner_n though_o they_o can_v yet_o lick_v their_o rude_a embryo_n judgement_n into_o form_n or_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o perfect_a shape_n by_o distinguish_v in_o they_o these_o several_a part_n corol._n ii_o hence_o also_o though_o we_o can_v know_v the_o precise_a time_n in_o which_o child_n begin_v to_o judge_v yet_o we_o may_v be_v assure_v it_o must_v be_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v cognition_n or_o knowledge_n of_o common_a and_o familiar_a object_n and_o of_o their_o agreeableness_n to_o their_o own_o nature_n and_o first_o of_o all_o of_o that_o which_o be_v next_o to_o they_o and_o most_o knowable_a viz._n that_o themselves_o exist_v as_o will_v be_v see_v hereafter_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o judgement_n be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n result_v out_o of_o knowledge_n and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o know_v any_o object_n be_v agreeable_a or_o disagreeable_a to_o they_o or_o that_o it_o exist_v they_o can_v but_o judge_n so_o after_o their_o dull_a fashion_n 6._o to_o proceed_v as_o the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o which_o only_o our_o notion_n be_v capable_a be_v take_v from_o the_o thing_n and_o consist_v in_o their_o be_v true_o what_o they_o be_v so_o the_o formal_a verity_n of_o our_o judgement_n must_v be_v also_o take_v from_o the_o thing_n be_v be_v such_o as_o we_o judge_v it_o to_o be_v whence_o truth_n be_v by_o some_o define_v to_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o understanding_n to_o the_o thing_n wherefore_o when_o we_o affirm_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v this_o or_o that_o or_o to_o be_v such_o or_o such_o the_o true_a mean_v of_o that_o affirmation_n be_v that_o what_o correspond_v to_o both_o those_o notion_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_a be_v find_v or_o exist_v in_o the_o same_o thing_n or_o be_v and_o be_v not_o this_o so_o it_o will_v be_v false_a to_o affirm_v that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v the_o other_o 7._o wherefore_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n be_v which_o be_v the_o copula_fw-la be_v this_o that_o those_o word_n be_v fundamental_o connect_v in_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o identify_v with_o it_o material_o however_o those_o notion_n themselves_o be_v formal_o different_a provide_v they_o be_v not_o incompossible_a for_o then_o the_o proposition_n must_v for_o the_o reason_n now_o give_v be_v necessary_o false_a as_o when_o we_o say_v a_o stone_n be_v hard_a the_o truth_n of_o that_o proposition_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o hard_a be_v find_v in_o that_o thing_n or_o suppositum_fw-la call_v a_o stone_n and_o be_v in_o part_n identify_v with_o it_o however_o the_o notion_n of_o stone_n and_o hard_o be_v formal_o distinct._n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v that_o that_o thing_n which_o be_v stone_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n that_o be_v hard._n 8._o the_o copula_fw-la be_v have_v always_o the_o sense_n now_o give_v except_o when_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o nothing_o which_o the_o adequate_a object_n of_o our_o understanding_n be_v ens_fw-la we_o be_v force_v to_o apprehend_v as_o thing_n even_o when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n we_o judge_v they_o to_o be_v otherwise_o as_o when_o we_o say_v imaginary_a species_n a_o chimaera_n and_o yet_o even_o then_o it_o express_v a_o kind_n of_o identity_n of_o the_o two_o nothing_o and_o affirm_v they_o to_o be_v the_o same_o nonsense_n and_o that_o to_o put_v a_o space_n or_o quantity_n to_o be_v no_o quantity_n or_o to_o put_v a_o nonens_a to_o be_v ens_fw-la be_v contradictory_n and_o ridiculous_a and_o indeed_o these_o kind_n of_o proposition_n be_v in_o effect_n no_o more_o than_o to_o say_v that_o nonens_a non_fw-la est_fw-la ens_fw-la or_o what_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v can_v be_v 9_o the_o copula_fw-la be_v be_v the_o most_o proper_a to_o give_v we_o a_o clear_a intellectual_a light_n and_o by_o consequence_n to_o fix_v our_o judgement_n first_o because_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v or_o actual_a be_v be_v impossible_a to_o admit_v any_o explication_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v self-known_a as_o any_o one_o may_v evident_o experience_n if_o he_o go_v about_o to_o explain_v it_o for_o he_o will_v find_v that_o he_o must_v be_v force_v to_o put_v be_v or_o some_o word_n that_o import_v actual_a be_v in_o its_o explication_n which_o make_v the_o explication_n to_o be_v none_o but_o leave_v it_o as_o obscure_a as_o it_o be_v before_o nay_o more_o obscure_a than_o former_o by_o add_v other_o notion_n more_o obscure_a than_o itself_o be_v for_o example_n ask_v what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v or_o exist_v all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v of_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v esse_fw-la extra_fw-la causas_fw-la where_o esse_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o existere_fw-la we_o vain_o endeavour_v to_o explicate_v the_o same_o thing_n by_o its_o self_n and_o to_o make_v it_o look_v like_o a_o explication_n we_o add_v extra_fw-la causas_fw-la which_o two_o notion_n be_v less_o clear_a than_o esse_fw-la itself_o be_v two_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v be_v most_o determinate_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o so_o most_o fix_v of_o its_o self_n and_o therefore_o most_o proper_a to_o fix_v the_o judgement_n three_o because_o all_o other_o notion_n have_v some_o potentiality_n and_o indifferency_n in_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v waver_v between_o two_o or_o more_o notion_n call_v difference_n whereas_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v have_v none_o be_v only_o absolute_o steady_a immovable_a or_o undeterminable_a to_o any_o other_o notion_n last_o because_o hence_o in_o literal_a and_o not_o figurative_a speech_n the_o word_n that_o express_v this_o notion_n can_v never_o be_v equivocal_a since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o distnguish_v it_o into_o this_o or_o that_o sense_n all_o distnguish_a or_o difference_v notion_n be_v evident_o more_o formal_a actual_a and_o determinate_a than_o the_o notion_n to_o be_v distinguish_v which_o be_v in_o this_o case_n impossible_a 10._o to_o proceed_v there_o be_v as_o be_v say_v a_o real_a relation_n between_o those_o notion_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v the_o late_a being_n real_o in_o the_o understanding_n as_o that_o which_o be_v say_v of_o the_o former_a and_o the_o former_a that_o of_o which_o it_o be_v say_v and_o relation_n be_v necessary_o complete_v and_o actual_o such_o by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o compare_v power_n it_o follow_v that_o every_o judgement_n be_v a_o refer_v or_o compare_v one_o of_o those_o notion_n to_o the_o other_o and_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o copula_fw-la of_o both_o of_o they_o to_o the_o same_o stock_n of_o be_v on_o which_o they_o be_v engraft_v or_o
the_o same_o ens_fw-la where_o they_o be_v entitative_o connect_v or_o the_o same_o material_o before_o they_o be_v see_v or_o judge_v to_o be_v so_o by_o our_o understanding_n 11._o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o two_o term_n be_v material_o the_o same_o or_o identify_v with_o the_o same_o ens_fw-la when_o the_o subject_n be_v a_o concrete_a whether_o it_o be_v substantial_o a_o concrete_a that_o be_v consist_v of_o the_o nature_n and_o the_o suppositum_fw-la as_o when_o we_o say_v petrus_n or_o homo_fw-la be_v animal_n or_o accidental_o as_o when_o we_o say_v album_fw-la est_fw-la dulce_fw-la but_o in_o abstract_a notion_n they_o must_v beside_o this_o be_v moreover_o the_o same_o essential_o or_o formal_o that_o be_v they_o must_v not_o only_o be_v find_v in_o the_o same_o material_a ens_fw-la or_o thing_n but_o those_o very_a notion_n themselves_o must_v have_v the_o same_o formality_n either_o in_o part_n or_o in_o whole_a in_o our_o understanding_n in_o whole_a as_o when_o we_o say_v petreitas_fw-la est_fw-la petreitas_fw-la quantitas_fw-la est_fw-la divisibilitas_fw-la in_o part_n as_o when_o we_o say_v petreitas_fw-la est_fw-la humanitas_fw-la or_o animalitas_fw-la for_o than_o humanitas_fw-la and_o animalitas_fw-la be_v as_o essential_a to_o petreitas_fw-la and_o petreitas_fw-la as_o much_o include_v and_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o their_o notion_n and_o of_o its_o own_o differnce_n beside_o as_o petrus_n do_v or_o be_v of_o the_o notion_n of_o homo_fw-la or_o animal_n 12._o a_o abstract_n and_o a_o concrete_a term_n can_v never_o be_v subject_a and_o predicate_v in_o the_o same_o proposition_n though_o never_o so_o essential_a to_o one_o another_o for_o a_o abstract_a notion_n out_o of_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o its_o abstraction_n be_v formal_o a_o part_n and_o a_o concrete_a notion_n in_o respect_n to_o it_o a_o whole_a and_o a_o part_n though_o take_v material_o it_o may_v belong_v to_o the_o same_o ens_fw-la which_o be_v a_o whole_a and_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o it_o yet_o take_v formal_o it_o can_v for_o then_o a_o whole_a will_v be_v formal_o a_o part_n and_o a_o part_n formal_o a_o whole_a hence_o we_o can_v say_v petreitas_fw-la est_fw-la petrus_n or_o petrus_n est_fw-la petreitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n hence_o also_o this_o proposition_n quantitas_fw-la est_fw-la quanta_fw-la and_o such_o like_a be_v false_a for_o quanta_fw-la be_v a_o concrete_a signify_v the_o subject_n which_o have_v quantity_n in_o it_o and_o it_o be_v false_a to_o say_v that_o quantity_n alone_o be_v quantity_n and_o its_o subject_a too_o 13._o from_o what_o be_v say_v above_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o there_o may_v be_v diverse_a manner_n of_o predicate_v or_o refer_v one_o notion_n to_o another_o and_o they_o be_v reckon_v by_o porphyrius_n to_o be_v five_o call_v by_o the_o school_n predicable_n that_o be_v several_a manner_n how_o one_o notion_n may_v be_v predicate_v of_o another_o who_o pardon_n we_o must_v beg_v if_o follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o reason_n which_o we_o judge_v evident_a and_o not_o the_o track_n beat_v by_o other_o we_o dissent_v from_o they_o and_o assign_v six_o the_o first_o be_v when_o the_o whole_a notion_n be_v predicate_v of_o the_o whole_a as_o when_o we_o say_v quantity_n be_v divisibility_n a._n whole_a consist_v of_o all_o its_o part_n or_o when_o we_o predicate_v the_o definition_n of_o â—he_n notion_n defiâ—ed_v as_o man_n be_v a_o rational_a animal_n or_o all_o the_o divide_v member_n of_o the_o notion_n divide_v and_o this_o manner_n we_o call_v entire_o identical_a that_o be_v the_o predicate_a of_o the_o same_o whole_a notion_n whole_o of_o itself_o in_o the_o rest_n â—_o part_n only_o be_v predicate_v of_o the_o whole_a and_o then_o â—he_v predicate_v be_v either_o essential_a to_o the_o subject_a or_o â—ot_n if_o essential_a than_o it_o either_o predicate_v that_o part_n of_o his_o nature_n which_o in_o the_o common_a acceptation_n of_o mankind_n not_o reach_v to_o inferior_a difference_n be_v immediate_o superior_a to_o it_o and_o be_v think_v to_o denote_v the_o whole_a essence_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o then_o it_o be_v call_v a_o species_n as_o petrus_n est_fw-la homo_fw-la or_o but_o some_o lesser_a part_n of_o its_o essence_n as_o petrus_n â—st_v animal_n vivens_fw-la or_o substantia_fw-la which_o be_v call_v the_o genus_fw-la or_o generical_a notion_n and_o both_o these_o as_o also_o the_o first_o be_v say_v to_o be_v predicate_v in_o quid_fw-la because_o they_o be_v essential_a predicate_v and_o answer_v different_o though_o imperfect_o and_o but_o in_o part_n to_o the_o question_n make_v by_o quid._n as_o ask_v quid_fw-la est_fw-la petrus_n we_o answer_v apposite_o homo_fw-la animal_n vivens_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o else_o the_o predicate_a be_v that_o compart_n which_o distinguish_v the_o genus_fw-la essential_o from_o other_o of_o the_o same_o common_a kind_n and_o constitute_v it_o in_o a_o inferior_a class_n under_o the_o common_a notion_n and_o be_v therefore_o refer_v to_o what_o it_o thus_o constitute_v as_o its_o essential_a difference_n as_o homo_fw-la est_fw-la rationalis_fw-la and_o this_o suppose_v the_o question_n make_v by_o quid_fw-la or_o what_o thing_n and_o answer_n to_o a_o further_a question_n what_o kind_n of_o thing_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v predicate_v not_o mere_o in_o quale_fw-la for_o than_o it_o may_v have_v be_v a_o mere_a quality_n and_o not_o essential_a but_o in_o quale_n quid_fw-la as_o both_o give_a account_n of_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n as_o also_o of_o its_o belong_v to_o the_o essence_n of_o it_o if_o the_o predicate_v be_v not_o essential_a than_o either_o one_o notion_n be_v refer_v to_o another_o and_o predicate_v of_o it_o not_o as_o any_o part_n of_o its_o essence_n but_o yet_o as_o more_o or_o less_o connect_v with_o it_o as_o a_o effect_n or_o sign_n of_o it_o as_o capable_a of_o admire_v or_o the_o be_v affect_v with_o music_n proportion_n or_o beauty_n be_v connect_v with_o rational_a nature_n or_o man_n and_o refer_v to_o he_o according_o that_o be_v predicate_v of_o he_o as_o a_o property_n thus_o combustive_a or_o rarefactive_a be_v connect_v with_o fire_n opacous_a with_o earth_n and_o refer_v to_o those_o subject_n or_o predicate_v of_o they_o as_o property_n or_o last_o the_o predicate_a be_v comâ—pared_v or_o refer_v to_o the_o subject_a as_o have_v no_o kind_n of_o at_o least_o know_v connexion_n with_o the_o essence_n but_o mere_o casual_o belong_v to_o it_o or_o as_o indifferent_a to_o the_o essence_n whether_o it_o belong_v to_o it_o or_o no._n as_o arm_a place_v situate_v etc._n etc._n belong_v to_o maâ—_n or_o body_n and_o then_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v predicate_v as_o a_o accident_n that_o be_v as_o affect_v he_o only_o casual_o and_o accidental_o note_v 1_o that_o in_o this_o last_o predicable_a only_o the_o manner_n how_o it_o be_v predicate_v or_o compare_v to_o the_o subject_n be_v consider_v and_o not_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o which_o be_v predicate_v nor_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o substantial_a notion_n or_o whether_o it_o do_v belong_v to_o some_o one_o of_o the_o other_o 〈◊〉_d accident_n so_o it_o be_v but_o casual_o or_o accidental_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_a or_o refer_v to_o it_o for_o wooden_a golden_a and_o earthen_a be_v all_o predicate_v as_o accident_n or_o accidental_o of_o cup_n for_o it_o be_v still_o equal_o a_o cup_n whether_o it_o be_v make_v of_o any_o of_o those_o or_o of_o any_o other_o matter_n though_o wood_n gold_n and_o earth_n be_v substantial_a notion_n whence_o the_o word_n accident_n do_v not_o here_o signify_v what_o inhere_n in_o the_o substance_n as_o it_o do_v in_o those_o predicamental_a accident_n which_o be_v intrinsical_v one_o but_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o a_o subject_a by_o chance_n or_o casuality_n so_o that_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v preserve_v entire_a whether_o it_o have_v it_o or_o have_v it_o not_o note_v 2._o that_o since_o it_o be_v clear_o the_o intention_n of_o he_o who_o invent_v these_o predicable_n and_o of_o those_o who_o follow_v he_o and_o use_v they_o to_o comprehend_v all_o the_o different_a manner_n how_o notion_n can_v be_v predicate_v of_o their_o subject_n and_o the_o be_v predicate_v as_o a_o whole_a of_o the_o whole_a be_v most_o evident_o one_o manner_n of_o predicate_v and_o distinct_a from_o the_o five_o they_o assign_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o their_o account_n of_o the_o predicable_n be_v defective_a and_o our_o supply_v it_o rational_a and_o necessary_a add_v that_o they_o omit_v that_o predicable_a or_o manner_n of_o predicate_v which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o the_o most_o useful_a at_o least_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o first_o in_o dignity_n all_o the_o first_o principle_n have_v as_o will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o this_o manner_n of_o predication_n and_o consequent_o have_v title_n to_o belong_v to_o
actual_a and_o most_o like_a he_o that_o be_v most_o defecated_a from_o all_o alloy_n of_o potentiality_n most_o pure_a most_o intelligible_o clear_a and_o most_o establish_v above_o whatever_o else_o we_o can_v conceive_v in_o creature_n and_o therefore_o it_o alone_o be_v able_a to_o give_v certainty_n clear_a light_n and_o establishment_n to_o all_o other_o truth_n 8._o equivalent_a to_o the_o former_a or_o perfect_o identify_v with_o it_o abate_v the_o put_v it_o in_o a_o diverse_a logical_a frame_n be_v this_o proposition_n existence_n be_v not_o nonexistence_n or_o which_o be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o same_o thing_n shall_v be_v and_o not_o be_v at_o once_o for_o if_o the_o notion_n of_o existence_n and_o nonexistence_n can_v at_o once_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o subject_a then_o since_o the_o notion_n of_o existence_n as_o be_v most_o simple_a and_o most_o actual_a can_v admit_v of_o no_o distinction_n of_o be_v in_o part_n existence_n and_o in_o part_n nonexistence_n that_o be_v of_o be_v in_o part_n such_o in_o part_n not-such_a as_o potential_a notion_n can_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o entire_a and_o most_o simple_a notion_n of_o existence_n be_v nonexistence_n which_o be_v direct_o contradictory_n to_o this_o principle_n now_o mention_v and_o consequent_o to_o the_o equivalent_a proposition_n what_o be_v be_v whence_o it_o will_v be_v unavoidable_o consequent_a that_o all_o we_o can_v say_v must_v necessary_o be_v false_a because_o the_o notion_n of_o existence_n by_o which_o only_o we_o can_v affirm_v or_o say_v will_v involve_v a_o contradiction_n in_o its_o own_o bowel_n as_o be_v indifferent_a to_o be_v and_o not_o be_v or_o rather_o as_o be_v both_o of_o they_o note_v that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v in_o some_o proportion_n that_o be_v as_o to_o the_o extent_n of_o their_o own_o notion_n of_o all_o proposition_n that_o be_v equivalent_a to_o first_o principle_n in_o any_o particular_a subject_n as_o of_o homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la aequale_fw-la est_fw-la aequale_fw-la sibi_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o which_o be_v equivalent_a homo_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la homo_fw-la aequale_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la aequale_fw-la sibi_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o same_o inconvenience_n will_v follow_v in_o all_o discourse_n upon_o those_o particular_a subject_n as_o do_v in_o all_o discourse_n whatever_o by_o wrong_v the_o former_a self-evident_a and_o universal_a proposition_n that_o be_v all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v of_o such_o subject_n will_v be_v incoherent_a contradictory_n and_o false_a 9_o the_o next_o self-evident_a proposition_n be_v that_o of_o ens_fw-la be_v ens._n for_o since_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la be_v most_o near_o ally_v to_o existence_n be_v whole_o order_v to_o it_o and_o a_o capacity_n of_o it_o it_o follow_v that_o that_o proposition_n which_o predicate_v ens_fw-la of_o ens_fw-la be_v the_o next_o in_o self-evidence_n to_o those_o which_o predicate_v existence_n of_o existence_n 10._o hence_o all_o proposition_n consist_v of_o particular_a notion_n that_o subsume_v under_o ens_fw-la that_o be_v such_o proposition_n which_o affirm_v that_o particular_a notion_n or_o nature_n to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v be_v likewise_o self-evident_a for_o since_o ens_fw-la take_v as_o undistinguished_a or_o in_o its_o whole_a latitude_n have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o universal_a and_o be_v equivalent_a to_o all_o and_o a_o universal_a engage_v every_o particular_a under_o it_o of_o which_o it_o consist_v so_o that_o if_o the_o term_n express_v those_o particular_n be_v not_o self-coherent_a and_o self-evident_a it_o will_v follow_v that_o neither_o will_v the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n ens_fw-la be_v ens_fw-la be_v such_o hence_o all_o proposition_n consist_v of_o particular_a notion_n that_o subsume_v direct_o under_o ens_fw-la must_v be_v likewise_o self-evident_a again_o since_o the_o proposition_n ens_fw-la be_v ens_fw-la be_v for_o no_o other_o reason_n self-evident_a but_o because_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o two_o term_n be_v every_o way_n formal_o identical_a and_o this_o reason_n be_v find_v in_o those_o proposition_n the_o notion_n of_o who_o term_n subsume_v under_o ens_fw-la it_o follow_v that_o these_o also_o must_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v likewise_o self-evident_a corol._n i._n hence_o homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la quantitas_fw-la est_fw-la quantitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v self-evident_a be_v the_o first_o principle_n to_o all_o discourse_n treat_v about_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n or_o quantity_n that_o be_v they_o be_v the_o last_o and_o most_o clear_a proposition_n in_o that_o matter_n or_o subject_n into_o which_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v of_o man_n or_o quantity_n be_v final_o resolve_v and_o moreover_o the_o test_n of_o the_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n of_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v of_o they_o so_o that_o if_o any_o part_n of_o those_o discourse_n do_v hap_n to_o violate_v those_o principle_n that_o be_v if_o it_o deviate_v from_o those_o nature_n or_o do_v by_o consequence_n make_v man_n not_o to_o be_v man_n or_o quantity_n not_o to_o be_v quantity_n it_o be_v most_o evident_o convict_v of_o falsity_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o those_o discourse_n do_v proceed_v agreeable_o to_o these_o principle_n it_o must_v most_o certain_o and_o evident_o be_v true_a corol._n ii_o it_o be_v not_o mean_v here_o that_o these_o last-mentioned_a self-evident_a proposition_n do_v follow_v the_o former_a by_o way_n of_o proof_n or_o deduction_n but_o we_o be_v only_o inquire_v what_o proposition_n in_o the_o resolve_v of_o truth_n into_o their_o principle_n be_v most_o self-evident_a and_o therefore_o in_o priority_n of_o nature_n presuppose_v to_o the_o other_o and_o imply_v in_o they_o as_o those_o without_o the_o certainty_n and_o evidence_n of_o which_o no_o certainty_n or_o evidence_n at_o all_o can_v be_v have_v of_o any_o of_o the_o other_o which_o be_v thus_o employ_v or_o contain_a in_o the_o former_a and_o engage_v their_o verity_n as_o it_o be_v a_o posteriori_fw-la as_o if_o homo_fw-la which_o be_v a_o particular_a ens_fw-la be_v not_o that_o particular_a ens_fw-la or_o homo_fw-la then_o neither_o be_v ens_fw-la ens_fw-la nor_o existentia_fw-la existentia_fw-la because_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o the_o former_a to_o be_v self-evident_a as_o for_o these_o late_a though_o not_o altogether_o in_o the_o same_o degree_n corol._n iii_o from_o the_o self-evidence_n and_o truth_n of_o that_o proposition_n self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n and_o from_o the_o ground_n of_o verity_n in_o all_o proposition_n whatever_o that_o be_v true_a we_o may_v demonstrate_v the_o existence_n of_o a_o deity_n for_o since_o not_o only_o our_o simple_a notion_n or_o apprehension_n be_v take_v from_o the_o thing_n but_o also_o all_o connexion_n of_o those_o notion_n or_o proposition_n be_v therefore_o true_a because_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o two_o term_n exist_v in_o the_o same_o thing_n so_o that_o neither_o this_o proposition_n a_o stone_n be_v hard_a can_v be_v true_a unless_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o stone_n and_o hard_n be_v find_v in_o the_o same_o entity_n nor_o even_o can_v this_o self-evident_a proposition_n homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v true_a unless_o there_o be_v something_o or_o such_o a_o thing_n as_o by_o be_v fix_v in_o its_o determinate_a nature_n or_o by_o be_v the_o same_o with_o itself_o have_v thence_o a_o power_n to_o verify_v it_o it_o follow_v that_o neither_o can_v this_o self-evident_a proposition_n self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n be_v true_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o most_o actual_a be_v which_o by_o be_v most_o perfect_o the_o same_o with_o itself_o do_v verify_v that_o proposition_n but_o such_o a_o actual_a be_v can_v only_o be_v the_o deity_n there_o be_v therefore_o a_o deity_n it_o may_v be_v reply_v that_o we_o can_v compound_v notion_n and_o join_v self_n to_o existence_n which_o do_v this_o compound_v notion_n have_v such_o a_o nature_n in_o our_o understanding_n have_v consequent_o a_o determinate_a nature_n or_o actual_a be_v in_o our_o mind_n only_o and_o thence_o a_o kind_n of_o metaphysical_a unity_n or_o verity_n there_o which_o give_v it_o to_o be_v predicate_v of_o itself_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o such_o a_o thing_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o be_v in_o re_fw-mi to_o verify_v it_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o our_o argument_n be_v not_o ground_v mere_o upon_o our_o have_v such_o a_o notion_n for_o we_o do_v not_o argue_v as_o cartesius_n do_v upon_o the_o notion_n or_o idea_n of_o such_o a_o subject_a but_o we_o grant_v that_o we_o may_v compound_v such_o a_o one_o and_o yet_o remain_v uncertain_a whether_o that_o nature_n be_v or_o not_o but_o our_o argument_n proceed_v also_o and_o chief_o upon_o our_o verify_v that_o proposition_n which_o be_v do_v formal_o by_o the_o copula_fw-la and_o i_o affirm_v that_o the_o copula_fw-la be_v can_v not_o verify_v it_o unless_o there_o
proposition_n be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o contradiction_n since_o man_n wit_n can_v invent_v a_o proposition_n direct_o opposite_a to_o what_o run_v run_v not_o but_z what_o run_v run_v which_o be_v perfect_o identical_a add_v that_o all_o fault_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o the_o opposite_a good_a contradiction_n will_v not_o be_v at_o all_o faulty_a but_o that_o they_o violate_v the_o truth_n of_o identical_a proposition_n as_o have_v be_v now_o prove_v since_o there_o be_v no_o other_o truth_n which_o they_o direct_o and_o formal_o oppose_v or_o destroy_v 12._o again_o as_o will_v be_v see_v hereafter_o to_o conclude_v be_v to_o show_v the_o term_n of_o the_o conclusion_n to_o be_v connect_v by_o their_o be_v connect_v with_o a_o three_o or_o middle_a term_n in_o the_o premise_n but_o how_o can_v we_o show_v that_o middle_a term_n be_v real_o connect_v with_o those_o two_o other_o term_n in_o the_o premise_n by_o find_v still_o another_o middle_a term_n to_o be_v connect_v with_o the_o term_n of_o the_o proposition_n to_o be_v prove_v and_o how_o far_o must_v this_o go_v on_o endless_o or_o no_o if_o endless_o it_o be_v impossible_a any_o thing_n shall_v ever_o come_v to_o be_v prove_v if_o not_o than_o we_o must_v come_v to_o some_o proposition_n who_o term_n be_v so_o connect_v that_o no_o middle_a term_n can_v come_v between_o they_o that_o be_v such_o as_o can_v be_v connect_v by_o mean_n of_o another_o that_o be_v which_o can_v be_v prove_v or_o make_v evident_a that_o be_v which_o be_v self-connected_n or_o self-evident_a that_o be_v which_o be_v formal_o identical_a to_o enforce_v this_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o more_o remote_a the_o term_n of_o a_o proposition_n be_v from_o formal_a identity_n the_o less_o evident_a they_o be_v and_o the_o more_o prooâ—_n they_o require_v as_o also_o that_o they_o grow_v still_o near_o to_o evidence_n according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o their_o approach_v to_o be_v formal_o the_o same_o wherefore_o since_o all_o approach_n of_o distant_a thing_n end_n in_o their_o conjoin_v and_o centre_v in_o the_o same_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o approach_v of_o distant_a notion_n end_n in_o their_o be_v the_o same_o in_o notion_n or_o in_o a_o proposition_n formal_o identical_a as_o in_o a_o first_o and_o self-evident_a principle_n 13._o beside_o all_o causality_n or_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n be_v final_o refund_v into_o this_o self-evident_a principle_n that_o thing_n be_v such_o as_o they_o be_v that_o be_v be_v what_o they_o be_v for_o since_o a_o effect_n be_v a_o participation_n of_o something_o that_o be_v in_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o cause_n as_o such_o be_v that_o which_o impart_v or_o communicate_v something_a it_o have_v to_o the_o matter_n on_o which_o it_o work_v its_o effect_n again_o since_o the_o effect_n be_v such_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v impart_v to_o it_o and_o if_o the_o cause_n be_v of_o another_o sort_n the_o effect_n still_o vary_v according_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o causality_n be_v the_o imprint_v the_o existence_n of_o that_o essence_n or_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n upon_o the_o matter_n whence_o follow_v evident_o that_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o natural_a causality_n and_o the_o whole_a efficacy_n of_o it_o consist_v in_o the_o cause_n exist_v that_o be_v be_v what_o it_o be_v only_o motion_n be_v add_v as_o a_o common_a requisite_a to_o apply_v that_o exi_a cause_n better_o or_o worse_o which_o be_v refund_v into_o a_o nature_n superior_a to_o body_n as_o will_v be_v show_v 7_o hereafter_o 14._o last_o god_n himself_o have_v express_v his_o own_o supreme_a essence_n by_o this_o identical_a proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_n qui_fw-la sum_n that_o be_v i_o exist_v or_o be_o existence_n which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o a_o manner_n with_o self_n existence_n be_v self-existence_n which_o therefore_o be_v the_o first_o increated_a truth_n as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o create_v one_o that_o what_o be_v be_v or_o a_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v therefore_o true_a because_o god_n be_v what_o he_o be_v or_o because_o self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n from_o which_o divine_a and_o sovereign_a verity_n all_o our_o create_a first_o principle_n derive_v their_o truth_n for_o be_v not_o this_o true_a all_o our_o identical_a proposition_n and_o first_o principle_n will_v all_o be_v false_a in_o regard_n they_o have_v their_o verity_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o our_o understanding_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v have_v their_o metaphysical_a verity_n nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o ground_n or_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o truth_n at_o all_o if_o self-existence_n their_o cause_n be_v not_o self-existence_n and_o thence_o unlimited_a in_o power_n wisdom_n and_o goodness_n to_o create_v and_o conserve_v those_o being_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o truth_n we_o have_v or_o can_v have_v the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o refer_v this_o section_n to_o the_o three_o corollary_n and_o to_o consider_v they_o well_o together_o because_o they_o mutual_o give_v light_n to_o one_o another_o and_o if_o we_o right_o consider_v it_o as_o the_o proposition_n homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v only_o the_o reduce_v the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o homo_fw-la into_o a_o formal_a truth_n so_o self_n existence_n be_v self-existence_n be_v the_o same_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sovereign_n metaphysical_a verity_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n corol._n iu._n hence_o be_v see_v that_o a_o atheist_n can_v have_v no_o perfect_o certain_a knowledge_n or_o evidence_n of_o any_o thing_n but_o that_o by_o deny_v his_o maker_n he_o deserve_o come_v to_o lose_v the_o best_a perfection_n of_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o if_o a_o sceptic_a shall_v put_v he_o to_o prove_v that_o thing_n have_v any_o metaphysical_a verity_n in_o they_o ground_v our_o first_o principle_n and_o consequent_o all_o our_o knowledge_n and_o object_n that_o for_o any_o thing_n he_o know_v thing_n be_v chimerical_a and_o so_o contrive_v as_o to_o beget_v in_o we_o false_a judgement_n he_o be_v utter_o at_o a_o loss_n through_o his_o deny_v a_o first_o cause_n who_o unchangeable_a and_o essential_a truth_n and_o goodness_n have_v establish_v their_o nature_n to_o be_v unalterable_o what_o they_o be_v whence_o only_o any_o certain_a and_o evident_a knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v attain_v 15._o definition_n though_o very_o useful_a to_o science_n be_v not_o self_n evident_a nor_o be_v those_o proposition_n that_o predicate_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o notion_n define_v first_o principle_n for_o self-evident_a principle_n by_o force_n of_o their_o very_a term_n do_v oblige_v the_o understanding_n to_o assent_v which_o such_o proposition_n do_v not_o again_o art_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v such_o definition_n as_o be_v proper_a and_o adjust_v to_o the_o thing_n define_v whereas_o first_o principle_n must_v antecede_v all_o art_n and_o be_v know_v by_o the_o natural_a light_n of_o our_o understanding_n beside_o the_o possibility_n of_o be_v define_v go_v before_o the_o definition_n which_o possibility_n the_o thing_n have_v from_o its_o metaphysical_a verity_n determine_v it_o to_o be_v this_o and_o no_o other_o for_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o true_o what_o it_o be_v it_o can_v not_o be_v exexplaind_v to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v be_v it_o not_o one_o that_o be_v undivided_a in_o its_o self_n and_o divide_v from_o all_o other_o it_o can_v not_o be_v comprise_v in_o one_o definition_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o determinate_o of_o this_o or_o that_o nature_n it_o be_v certain_a bound_n and_o limit_n can_v not_o be_v draw_v which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o definition_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o that_o proposition_n which_o affirm_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v be_v the_o first_o principle_n and_o ground_n to_o all_o definition_n and_o therefore_o definition_n themselves_o be_v not_o first_a principle_n 16._o this_o be_v further_a evince_v because_o word_n be_v liable_a to_o equivocalness_n where_o there_o be_v more_o word_n as_o there_o be_v in_o definition_n there_o be_v more_o room_n for_o equivocation_n which_o inconvenience_n appear_v no_o where_o more_o than_o in_o the_o know_a definition_n of_o man_n for_o there_o want_v not_o many_o witty_a or_o rather_o half-witted_a discourser_n who_o distinguish_v that_o be_v make_v ambiguous_a the_o word_n rational_a and_o do_v not_o stick_v to_o maintain_v that_o man_n be_v rational_a or_o conclude_v being_n the_o proper_a act_n of_o reason_n can_v conclude_v evident_o in_o line_n and_o number_n but_o not_o in_o logic_n physics_n ethic_n or_o metaphysic_n much_o less_o in_o theology_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o cramp_v the_o definition_n to_o less_o than_o half_a the_o sense_n the_o word_n contain_v there_o be_v other_o
too_o who_o make_v brute_n rational_a in_o many_o thing_n and_o they_o make_v man_n to_o be_v rational_a but_o in_o some_o and_o so_o quite_o destroy_v the_o say_a definition_n by_o enlarge_n and_o ampliate_v it_o and_o make_v it_o common_a and_o indifferent_a to_o man_n and_o beast_n and_o not_o apply_v to_o either_o of_o they_o adequate_o but_o only_o in_o some_o degree_n only_o and_o yet_o the_o same_o man_n even_o though_o perfect_a sceptic_n will_v not_o dispute_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n a_o man_n be_v a_o man._n wherefore_o since_o it_o be_v direct_o against_o the_o nature_n of_o first_o principle_n to_o be_v disputable_a definition_n can_v be_v first_o principle_n and_o consequent_o only_o proposition_n most_o perfect_o identical_a can_v be_v such_o 17._o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o self-evidence_n call_v practical_a which_o be_v inferior_a to_o this_o we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v of_o and_o proper_a to_o the_o vulgar_a this_o be_v call_v self-evidence_n not_o because_o its_o evidence_n be_v see_v in_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o the_o term_n as_o be_v the_o other_o but_o because_o it_o be_v breed_v or_o instill_a from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o without_o speculation_n or_o study_n by_o a_o practical_a converse_n with_o those_o thing_n thus_o the_o vulgar_a know_v evident_o what_o be_v moist_a dry_v hard_a etc._n etc._n as_o well_o as_o the_o best_a philosopher_n though_o they_o can_v define_v they_o as_o the_o other_o can_v nay_o the_o best_a philosopher_n as_o will_v be_v see_v hereafter_o must_v learn_v from_o their_o say_n how_o to_o make_v their_o definition_n of_o all_o such_o natural_a notion_n thus_o they_o know_v evident_o though_o natural_o the_o force_n of_o witness_v authority_n when_o it_o be_v universal_a and_o of_o sensible_a matter_n of_o fact_n for_o example_n they_o know_v there_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o queen_n elizabeth_n or_o the_o long_a civil_a war_n in_o england_n for_o they_o know_v man_n can_v not_o be_v deceive_v themselves_o in_o know_v such_o thing_n and_o that_o they_o can_v not_o all_o universal_o conspire_v to_o deceive_v their_o child_n in_o attest_v such_o a_o falsehood_n or_o if_o they_o have_v have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o they_o know_v that_o the_o cheat_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v discover_v by_o some_o among_o so_o many_o thousand_o note_v that_o this_o be_v call_v evidence_n because_o though_o it_o be_v a_o rude_a knowledge_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o true_a one_o and_o it_o be_v the_o work_n of_o learned_a man_n to_o polish_v by_o art_n those_o rough_a draught_n of_o evidence_n which_o the_o vulgar_a have_v by_o a_o natural_a way_n as_o will_v be_v far_o see_v hereafter_o 18._o those_o speculation_n only_o be_v well_o ground_v which_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n it_o will_v add_v a_o great_a confirmation_n to_o this_o new_a piece_n of_o doctrine_n that_o first_o principle_n be_v identical_a proposition_n and_o help_v withal_o to_o satisfy_v some_o superficial_a reader_n who_o perhaps_o may_v think_v such_o speculation_n aâ—ery_o to_o show_v that_o the_o nature-instructed_n vulgar_a do_v abet_v this_o doctrine_n and_o make_v use_n of_o proposition_n exact_o identical_a when_o they_o will_v express_v themselves_o to_o stand_v final_o to_o some_o truth_n which_o they_o judge_v to_o be_v most_o evident_a for_o example_n if_o you_o will_v force_v a_o clown_n to_o deny_v a_o thing_n which_o he_o be_v sure_a of_o or_o know_v to_o be_v true_a he_o will_v tell_v you_o sober_o and_o if_o you_o press_v he_o much_o angry_o that_o truth_n be_v truth_n or_o that_o he_o be_v sure_a a_o spade_n be_v a_o spade_n or_o that_o he_o know_v what_o he_o know_v or_o if_o it_o be_v in_o a_o point_n belong_v to_o justice_n that_o right_o be_v right_o and_o he_o bring_v these_o as_o evidence_n from_o whence_o he_o can_v never_o be_v drive_v which_o signify_v clear_o that_o such_o truth_n as_o these_o be_v judge_v by_o he_o self-evident_a and_o to_o be_v the_o principle_n which_o natural_o determine_v and_o fix_v he_o in_o a_o immovable_a adherence_n to_o the_o point_n as_o the_o vltimate_a resort_n and_o reason_n of_o his_o persuasion_n that_o be_v nature_n teach_v he_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o these_o as_o to_o his_o first_o principle_n 19_o the_o other_o test_n by_o which_o to_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o discourse_n of_o we_o about_o first_o principle_n be_v to_o desire_v the_o object_a to_o settle_v some_o first_o principle_n of_o his_o own_o after_o his_o fashion_n which_o do_v it_o will_v manifest_o appear_v that_o if_o he_o take_v any_o other_o way_n either_o his_o first_o principle_n will_v not_o be_v self-evident_a at_o all_o which_o yet_o first_o principle_n must_v be_v or_o in_o case_n he_o pretend_v they_o such_o he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o tell_v you_o or_o explicate_v in_o what_o that_o self-evidence_n of_o they_o consist_v or_o else_o he_o will_v produce_v such_o as_o he_o will_v tell_v you_o he_o will_v undertake_v to_o prove_v to_o be_v evident_a which_o since_o what_o be_v prove_v be_v conclude_v will_v be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o offer_v to_o obtrude_v upon_o we_o conclusion_n instead_o of_o first_o principle_n or_o last_o they_o will_v be_v mere_a fancy_n of_o his_o own_o put_v together_o pretty_o and_o express_v witty_o and_o plausible_o which_o when_o they_o be_v divest_v of_o their_o gay_a dress_n and_o their_o naked_a sense_n be_v lay_v open_a will_v be_v either_o mere_a voluntary_a talk_n or_o plain_a nonsense_n in_o cuerpo_n into_o which_o fault_n of_o groundless_a and_o bold_o and_o magisterial_o pronounce_v though_o witty_o express_v assertion_n and_o the_o impose_v they_o upon_o we_o for_o principle_n the_o author_n of_o the_o leviathan_n do_v fall_v very_o frequent_o and_o i_o can_v wish_v all_o his_o follower_n will_v please_v to_o examine_v all_o his_o principle_n by_o this_o test_n and_o they_o will_v quick_o discover_v how_o strange_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o self-evidence_n that_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o first_o principle_n or_o in_o case_n they_o judge_v i_o have_v state_v 〈◊〉_d the_o nature_n of_o first_o principle_n i_o shall_v take_v it_o for_o a_o favour_n if_o they_o will_v vouchsafe_v i_o a_o answer_n to_o my_o several_a reason_n for_o my_o doctrine_n as_o to_o this_o point_n in_o this_o lesson_n and_o the_o next_o and_o in_o a_o full_a discourse_n settle_v their_o own_o first_o principle_n and_o show_v i_o my_o error_n which_o i_o be_o very_o confident_a they_o will_v never_o think_v fit_a to_o attempt_v lesson_n iii_o that_o first_o principle_n be_v identical_a proposition_n prove_v by_o instance_n the_o use_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o they_o also_o of_o some_o other_o proposition_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n formal_o identical_a and_o of_o the_o reduce_v of_o inferior_a truth_n to_o self-evident_a proposition_n 1._o that_o the_o first_o principle_n in_o metaphysic_n be_v identical_a proposition_n have_v already_o 9_o be_v clear_v it_o remain_v to_o show_v they_o be_v such_o in_o other_o science_n also_o we_o will_v begin_v with_o physics_n the_o first_o principle_n that_o ground_n that_o whole_a science_n according_a to_o some_o modern_a philosopher_n be_v corpus_fw-la est_fw-la quantum_fw-la in_o which_o though_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v do_v indeed_o differ_v grammatical_o the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v substantive_o the_o other_o adjective_o express_v yet_o if_o we_o rifle_v the_o word_n to_o get_v out_o the_o inward_a sense_n as_o philosopher_n ought_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o since_o all_o the_o essential_a difference_n they_o allow_v between_o a_o body_n and_o a_o spirit_n be_v this_o only_a that_o that_o be_v divisible_a this_o indivisible_a as_o also_o that_o quantity_n and_o divisibility_n into_o integral_a part_n be_v with_o they_o the_o same_o notion_n it_o will_v appear_v eyident_o that_o according_a to_o they_o this_o proposition_n body_n be_v quantitative_a be_v perfect_o equivalent_a to_o this_o what_o be_v divisible_a be_v divisible_a which_o be_v every_o way_n identical_a i_o say_v with_o they_o for_o they_o deny_v all_o metaphysical_a divisibility_n of_o body_n into_o matter_n and_o form_n appendix_n by_o deny_v all_o formal_a mutation_n the_o same_o discourse_n hold_v if_o they_o put_v for_o their_o first_o principle_n corpus_fw-la est_fw-la extensum_fw-la for_o in_o that_o supposition_n they_o hold_v that_o extension_n be_v the_o notion_n that_o intrinsically_a constitute_v body_n or_o matter_n and_o difference_n it_o essential_o from_o spirit_n whence_o the_o proposition_n corpus_fw-la est_fw-la extensum_fw-la be_v the_o same_o as_o ens_fw-la extensum_fw-la est_fw-la ens_fw-la extensum_fw-la or_o corpus_fw-la est_fw-la corpus_fw-la which_o be_v most_o formal_o identical_a 2._o that_o the_o first_o principle_n which_o ground_n all_o ratiocination_n in_o logic_n be_v a_o identical_a proposition_n will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o sect._n 10._o when_o we_o
come_v to_o show_v the_o use_n of_o first_o principle_n 3._o the_o first_o principle_n that_o ground_n all_o ethic_n or_o morality_n be_v a_fw-la will_n be_v a_o will_n for_o since_o all_o morality_n at_o least_o in_o its_o practice_n consist_v in_o act_v for_o a_o end_n and_o no_o man_n act_n for_o a_o end_v but_o because_o it_o appear_v to_o he_o a_o good_a and_o therefore_o a_o appear_v good_a be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o that_o active_a power_n call_v the_o will_n and_o power_n be_v specify_v by_o their_o proper_a object_n and_o have_v their_o essence_n from_o they_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a the_o will_n can_v act_v when_o there_o appear_v to_o the_o man_n no_o good_a and_o that_o it_o will_v act_v for_o what_o appear_v to_o he_o take_v he_o as_o thus_o dispose_a hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la a_o good_a as_o it_o be_v that_o a_o will_n be_v a_o will._n object_n this_o take_v away_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o will_n to_o tie_v it_o up_o to_o first_o principle_n or_o pretend_v that_o its_o action_n can_v be_v reduce_v to_o rule_n of_o science_n or_o demonstration_n for_o this_o seem_v to_o hamper_v it_o and_o lay_v a_o necessity_n upon_o it_o which_o destroy_v its_o free_a nature_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o will_n have_v a_o nature_n of_o its_o own_o which_o it_o can_v no_o more_o forgo_v than_o homo_fw-la can_v not_o be_v homo_fw-la whenever_o then_o there_o be_v but_o one_o appear_v good_a the_o will_n be_v not_o free_a in_o that_o circumstance_n because_o in_o such_o a_o case_n its_o essence_n be_v engage_v and_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o will_v to_o choose_v whether_o it_o will_v be_v its_o self_n or_o no._n in_o all_o other_o case_n where_o its_o essence_n be_v not_o engage_v the_o will_n be_v free_a provide_v there_o be_v on_o the_o object_n be_v side_n variety_n enough_o for_o choice_n yet_o in_o the_o former_a case_n those_o act_n of_o the_o will_n though_o not_o free_a be_v voluntary_a because_o they_o be_v more_o according_a to_o what_o be_v essential_a to_o it_o or_o to_o its_o very_a nature_n and_o will_v if_o the_o will_n do_v not_o bear_v itself_o according_o make_v the_o will_v to_o be_v no_o will._n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v see_v that_o the_o only_a solid_a way_n to_o perfect_v our_o soul_n in_o christian_a morality_n or_o true_a virtue_n be_v by_o wise_a judgement_n or_o frequentation_n of_o devout_a thought_n and_o action_n to_o gain_v a_o lively_a and_o hearty_a conceit_n of_o the_o transcendent_a excellency_n of_o heavenly_a good_n and_o of_o the_o vileness_n of_o all_o temporary_a good_n in_o comparison_n since_o it_o be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o our_o will_n to_o pursue_v that_o with_o her_o interior_a act_n which_o appear_v lively_a to_o be_v the_o great_a good_a that_o be_v to_o be_v hic_fw-mi &_o nunc_fw-la a_o good_a to_o he_o that_o will_v 4._o last_o to_o omit_v other_o the_o first_o principle_n in_o mathematics_n be_v identical_a for_o example_n at_o our_o first_o entrance_n into_o euclid_n we_o be_v meet_v with_o those_o famous_a and_o useful_a principle_n those_o thing_n that_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o same_o be_v equal_a to_o one_o another_o if_o equal_v be_v add_v to_o equal_n the_o whole_n be_v equal_a if_o equal_v be_v take_v away_o from_o equal_n the_o remainder_n be_v equal_a those_o which_o be_v twice_o as_o big_a as_o the_o same_o be_v equal_n those_o which_o be_v half_n of_o the_o same_o be_v equal_n all_o which_o be_v in_o effect_n but_o this_o identical_a proposition_n aequale_v est_fw-la aequale_fw-la sibi_fw-la or_o else_o diverse_a inferior_a identical_o subsume_v under_o that_o common_a one_o as_o homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la do_v under_o ens_fw-la est_fw-la ens_fw-la for_o example_n this_o proposition_n if_o equal_v be_v add_v to_o equal_n the_o whole_n be_v equal_a be_v that_o common_a identical_a proposition_n thrice_o as_o it_o be_v repeat_v and_o be_v plain_o as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o two_o suppose_a equal_n be_v equal_a to_o one_o another_o the_o two_o equal_n add_v be_v equal_a to_o one_o another_o and_o so_o the_o two_o equal_a whole_n make_v up_o of_o both_o those_o equal_a part_n be_v equal_a to_o one_o another_o there_o be_v many_o other_o such_o identical_a proposition_n on_o which_o that_o great_a mathematician_n build_v as_o on_o his_o principle_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n a_o whole_o be_v great_a than_o a_o part_n of_o itself_o which_o i_o have_v show_v above_o to_o be_v in_o sense_n formal_o identical_a 5._o as_o for_o the_o use_n that_o may_v be_v make_v of_o first_o principle_n first_o they_o can_v be_v the_o conclusion_n for_o that_o be_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v prove_v and_o first_o principle_n be_v above_o proof_n as_o not_o be_v to_o be_v make_v evident_a because_o they_o be_v self-evident_a nor_o can_v they_o be_v either_o of_o the_o premise_n for_o as_o will_v be_v more_o clear_o show_v hereafter_o the_o middle_a term_n must_v be_v connect_v with_o one_o of_o the_o term_n of_o the_o conclusion_n in_o one_o of_o the_o premise_n and_o with_o the_o other_o term_n in_o the_o other_o which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o self_n same_o notion_n be_v use_v twice_o in_o one_o of_o those_o premise_n for_o then_o the_o syllogism_n must_v either_o be_v frame_v thus_o omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la aliquod_fw-la animal_n est_fw-la rationale_fw-la ergo_fw-la aliquod_fw-la rationale_n est_fw-la homo_fw-la or_o thus_o nullus_fw-la homo_fw-la est_fw-la irrationalis_fw-la ted_n aliquis_fw-la homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la ergo_fw-la aliquod_fw-la irrationale_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la where_o we_o see_v to_o omit_v other_o fault_n that_o the_o notion_n of_o homo_fw-la be_v take_v thrice_o whereas_o in_o a_o legitimate_a syllogism_n no_o term_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v more_o than_o twice_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a discourse_n be_v preternatural_a and_o absurd_a 6._o hence_o follow_v that_o since_o the_o use_n of_o first_o principle_n can_v be_v the_o bring_v down_o or_o deduce_a truth_n which_o be_v yet_o unknown_a from_o they_o therefore_o the_o use_n of_o they_o must_v consist_v in_o the_o bring_n up_o or_o reduce_v truth_n to_o they_o which_o be_v do_v by_o resolve_v less-clear_a truth_n into_o other_o still_o clear_a till_o we_o arise_v to_o those_o which_o be_v the_o clear_a of_o all_o that_o be_v to_o self-evident_a principle_n to_o show_v which_o by_o instance_n or_o lay_v open_a the_o way_n how_o this_o be_v do_v be_v not_o proper_a for_o this_o place_n but_o belong_v to_o the_o next_o book_n where_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o rigorous_a discourse_n or_o demonstration_n 7._o to_o make_v this_o use_n of_o first_o principles_n be_v no_o more_o in_o effect_n but_o to_o attend_v heedful_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o not_o to_o deviate_v from_o it_o this_o be_v evident_a for_o to_o deviate_v in_o a_o discourse_n about_o homo_fw-la or_o corpus_fw-la from_o their_o nature_n be_v by_o consequence_n to_o make_v homo_fw-la not_o to_o be_v homo_fw-la and_o corpus_n not_o to_o be_v corpus_n which_o proposition_n be_v contradictory_n to_o homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la and_o corpus_fw-la est_fw-la corpus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o first_o principle_n in_o those_o discourse_n 8._o quaere_fw-la it_o may_v be_v ask_v if_o there_o be_v no_o more_o in_o the_o business_n but_o to_o attend_v to_o the_o metaphysical_a verity_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n why_o we_o keep_v such_o a_o pother_n about_o put_v it_o into_o such_o nice_a and_o dry_a and_o seem_o insignificant_a identical_a proposition_n since_o we_o may_v attend_v to_o our_o notion_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n without_o frame_v formal_a proposition_n about_o it_o or_o say_v it_o be_v what_o it_o be_v it_o be_v answer_v because_o all_o our_o discourse_n be_v make_v up_o of_o proposition_n without_o which_o we_o can_v say_v or_o affirm_v any_o thing_n and_o therefore_o those_o say_n into_o which_o we_o do_v final_o resolve_v their_o evidence_n and_o truth_n as_o into_o what_o be_v most_o true_a and_o evident_a must_v be_v proposition_n also_o beside_o self-evident_a proposition_n which_o advance_v the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o the_o thing_n into_o formal_a verity_n do_v reflect_v and_o redouble_v as_o it_o be_v the_o notion_n of_o it_o upon_o itself_o by_o express_v its_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o thence_o give_v a_o advantage_n to_o our_o bare_a single_a notion_n by_o not_o only_o have_v have_v as_o have_v the_o single_a notion_n its_o metaphysical_a verity_n in_o it_o but_o by_o express_v that_o metaphysical_a verity_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o more_o fit_a to_o be_v discourse_v of_o 9_o though_o first_o principle_n can_v be_v any_o proposition_n in_o a_o legitimate_a or_o regular_a syllogism_n yet_o this_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o those_o particular_a identical_a proposition_n which_o subsume_v
all_o the_o material_n as_o it_o be_v that_o be_v requisite_a to_o science_n nor_o while_o they_o attend_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n can_v they_o want_v first_o principle_n by_o which_o to_o guide_v their_o thought_n so_o that_o they_o only_o want_v maxim_n of_o art_n to_o put_v their_o thought_n into_o the_o posture_n of_o science_n to_o make_v they_o more_o firm_a distinct_a and_o express_a and_o to_o improve_v they_o by_o draw_v new_a consequence_n from_o they_o wherefore_o such_o acute_a man_n some_o of_o which_o be_v find_v in_o every_o country_n and_o every_o age_n by_o have_v their_o knowledge_n ground_v on_o solid_a nature_n may_v far_o exceed_v hypothetical_n philosopher_n or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o beforementioned_a in_o true_a knowledge_n and_o so_o come_v near_o the_o be_v true_a philosopher_n than_o any_o of_o they_o nay_o than_o great_a artist_n and_o repute_a scholar_n though_o they_o caper_v in_o the_o air_n never_o so_o nimble_o and_o quaint_o with_o school-term_n distinction_n and_o witty_a and_o congruous_a explication_n of_o their_o own_o scheme_n if_o they_o do_v not_o begin_v with_o and_o build_v upon_o good_a honest_a solid_a nature_n book_n iii_o of_o the_o three_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n discourse_n and_o of_o the_o effect_n and_o defect_n of_o it_o lesson_n i._o of_o artificial_a discourse_n the_o force_n of_o consequence_n and_o of_o the_o only_a right_a figure_n of_o a_o syllogism_n 1._o discourse_n may_v either_o mean_v common_a reason_v use_v by_o all_o mankind_n in_o their_o ordinary_a conversation_n or_o by_o some_o in_o rhetorical_a speech_n which_o may_v fit_o be_v call_v loose_a discourse_n or_o it_o may_v mean_v that_o artificial_a way_n of_o reason_v which_o consist_v in_o such_o a_o connexion_n of_o term_n in_o two_o proposition_n call_v the_o major_a and_o minor_n or_o the_o premise_n as_o that_o a_o three_o proposition_n call_v the_o conclusion_n must_v natural_o and_o necessary_o follow_v from_o they_o which_o may_v be_v proper_o name_v contract_v or_o strict_a discourse_n and_o by_o logician_n be_v call_v a_o syllogism_n 2._o this_o follow_v or_o consequence_n of_o such_o a_o proposition_n out_o of_o two_o other_o be_v call_v inference_n deduction_n conclude_v argumentation_n and_o prove_v so_o that_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o syllogism_n consist_v as_o formal_o in_o the_o consequence_n of_o that_o proposition_n which_o be_v conclude_v from_o the_o premise_n express_v by_o the_o illative_a particle_n ergo_fw-la as_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o proposition_n do_v in_o the_o copula_fw-la that_o connect_v its_o term_n and_o predicate_v or_o say_v something_o of_o another_o 3._o wherefore_o since_o if_o the_o consequence_n in_o which_o consist_v the_o essence_n and_o all_o the_o force_n and_o nerve_n of_o discourse_n be_v not_o clear_a and_o evident_a there_o can_v be_v no_o certainty_n or_o evidence_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o need_v to_o be_v make_v know_v or_o conclude_v and_o so_o our_o faculty_n of_o exact_a reason_v will_v have_v be_v give_v we_o to_o no_o purpose_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o however_o one_o proposition_n may_v be_v make_v know_v by_o other_o that_o be_v connect_v and_o consequential_a to_o one_o another_o yet_o the_o consequence_n itself_o can_v be_v prove_v or_o make_v clear_a by_o another_o consequence_n for_o the_o question_n will_v still_o return_v how_o and_o in_o virtue_n of_o what_o that_o consequence_n which_o make_v the_o other_o evident_a be_v evident_a itself_o and_o so_o in_o infinitum_fw-la whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o evidence_n of_o all_o consequence_n whatever_o must_v be_v build_v on_o something_o in_o a_o high_a manner_n evident_a than_o any_o consequence_n or_o proof_n can_v make_v it_o that_o be_v on_o a_o self-evident_a or_o identical_a proposition_n as_o will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o 4._o hence_o we_o may_v gather_v manifest_o that_o a_o syllogism_n can_v have_v but_o three_o term_n in_o it_o two_o of_o which_o be_v give_v we_o in_o the_o proposition_n to_o be_v conclude_v and_o the_o three_o be_v that_o middle_a term_n by_o find_v which_o to_o be_v identify_v with_o the_o other_o two_o in_o the_o premise_n we_o come_v to_o be_v assure_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o self-evident_a proposition_n hint_v above_o that_o they_o be_v identify_v in_o the_o conclusion_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o the_o conclusion_n be_v true_a 5._o from_o what_o be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o syllogism_n be_v the_o tâ—st_n of_o all_o other_o discourse_n by_o reduce_v they_o to_o which_o their_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v try_v for_o since_o whatever_o be_v most_o perfect_a in_o its_o kind_a aught_o to_o be_v the_o standard_n or_o test_n by_o which_o to_o measure_v and_o try_v the_o perfection_n of_o all_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_a and_o a_o syllogism_n be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o firm_o ground_v act_n of_o our_o natural_a reason_n make_v exact_a by_o art_n which_o be_v to_o perfect_a nature_n and_o therefore_o absolute_o the_o very_a best_a that_o can_v be_v in_o its_o kind_a or_o the_o best_a discourse_n it_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v the_o true_a test_n and_o standard_n of_o all_o other_o discourse_n to_o which_o the_o verity_n sense_n or_o coherence_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v reduce_v and_o to_o be_v try_v by_o it_o corol._n i._n hence_o it_o be_v of_o very_o excellent_a use_n for_o young_a wit_n to_o exercise_v themselves_o in_o reduce_v loose_a discourse_n to_o strict_a one_o or_o syllogism_n for_o by_o endeavour_v this_o they_o will_v to_o their_o admiration_n find_v how_o shallow_a and_o far_o from_o evident_a the_o ground_n how_o precarious_a unproved_a and_o ofttimes_o contradictious_a the_o particular_a assertion_n and_o how_o open_a and_o incoherent_a the_o contexture_n and_o consequence_n be_v in_o many_o rhetorical_a discourse_n and_o speech_n which_o dress_v up_o in_o fine_a language_n and_o embellish_v with_o little_a trope_n and_o figure_n and_o other_o pretty_a trick_n of_o wit_n and_o fancy_n do_v before_o look_v very_o plausible_a and_o make_v a_o gay_a appearance_n of_o most_o excellent_a sense_n perhaps_o scarce_o any_o one_o expedient_a can_v be_v invent_v that_o be_v more_o useful_a to_o advance_v truth_n beat_v down_o error_n and_o keep_v the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n from_o be_v delude_v than_o thus_o to_o divest_v such_o empty_a discourse_n of_o their_o glossy_a outside_n and_o to_o let_v they_o see_v how_o deform_a a_o hag_n error_n will_v appear_v to_o the_o eye_n of_o reason_n when_o expose_v stark-naked_a whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v the_o glory_n of_o truth_n to_o be_v strip_v of_o these_o ornamental_a triâ—â—es_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v her_o native_a beauty_n and_o the_o symmetry_n of_o all_o her_o part_n will_v appear_v more_o amiable_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o those_o who_o do_v sincere_o affect_v she_o 6._o from_o the_o three_o §_o it_o manifest_o follow_v that_o the_o consequence_n of_o a_o syllogism_n have_v a_o self-evident_a proposition_n for_o its_o basis_n if_o upon_o severe_a examination_n we_o find_v that_o any_o discourse_n do_v indeed_o bear_v that_o test_n and_o can_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o rigorous_a syllogism_n and_o the_o premise_n which_o the_o consequence_n suppose_v to_o be_v true_a be_v real_o so_o or_o can_v be_v by_o this_o method_n prove_v true_a it_o follow_v i_o say_v that_o we_o may_v be_v as_o perfect_o assure_v as_o that_o we_o be_v that_o the_o conclusion_n be_v consequent_a and_o true_a and_o that_o soon_o may_v all_o the_o material_a world_n crumble_v into_o incoherent_a atom_n or_o relapse_n into_o the_o abyss_n of_o nothingness_n than_o that_o any_o conclusion_n thus_o deduce_v can_v be_v false_a since_o if_o it_o can_v than_o that_o identical_a proposition_n on_o which_o the_o consequence_n be_v ground_v will_v be_v false_a and_o so_o a_o contradiction_n will_v be_v true_a which_o falsify_v the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o creature_n and_o of_o the_o idea_n of_o they_o in_o the_o divine_a understanding_n which_o will_v consequent_o shock_v the_o wisdom_n and_o even_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o godhead_n itself_o for_o self-existence_n may_v not_o be_v self-existence_n if_o a_o contradiction_n may_v be_v true_a corol._n ii_o be_v that_o which_o be_v say_v here_o and_o some_o other_o main_a hinge_n of_o science_n which_o occur_v in_o this_o treatise_n due_o consider_v and_o well_o penetrate_v it_o may_v be_v hope_v that_o they_o will_v to_o a_o fair_a degree_n cure_v the_o disease_n of_o scepticism_n so_o epidemical_a among_o our_o late_a wit_n for_o even_o the_o worst_a of_o sceptic_n will_v grant_v that_o a_o identical_a proposition_n must_v be_v true_a and_o he_o may_v see_v here_o that_o by_o this_o doctrine_n both_o first_o principle_n must_v be_v such_o and_o that_o all_o force_n of_o consequence_n also_o which_o two_o be_v the_o main_a pillar_n of_o
her_o natural_a perfection_n 23._o hence_o follow_v that_o such_o syllogism_n be_v good_a for_o use_n and_o practise_v and_o only_o for_o that_o for_o since_o such_o syllogism_n be_v true_a discourse_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o whole_o in_o vain_a but_o must_v be_v good_a for_o something_o wherefore_o since_o they_o conduce_v not_o at_o all_o to_o speculation_n or_o generate_a science_n it_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v be_v good_a for_o use_n or_o practise_v and_o for_o that_o only_a again_o since_o all_o outward_a action_n use_v and_o practice_n be_v whole_o employ_v about_o such_o subject_n as_o exist_v and_o nothing_o exist_v but_o suppositum_n individuum_n or_o singular_n it_o follow_v that_o singular_n be_v the_o proper_a subject_n of_o artificer_n or_o such_o as_o work_v outward_o upon_o determinate_a matter_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o singular_n be_v useful_a and_o necessary_a for_o such_o man_n for_o by_o this_o they_o know_v how_o to_o work_v upon_o those_o subject_n and_o manage_v they_o according_o for_o example_n a_o architect_n by_o know_v the_o certain_a quantity_n and_o proportion_n of_o his_o material_n wood_n brick_n or_o stone_n may_v build_v a_o house_n but_o he_o can_v without_o the_o science_n of_o mathematics_n have_v a_o clear_a knowledge_n out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o quantity_n why_o it_o must_v be_v so_o always_o though_o it_o hit_v to_o do_v so_o once_o or_o hic_fw-la est_fw-la nunc_fw-la note_v that_o practical_a self_n evidence_n may_v oftentimes_o as_o be_v show_v former_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n supply_v here_o the_o place_n of_o science_n and_o operate_v like_o it_o though_o it_o can_v never_o arrive_v to_o that_o clear_a and_o ground_a penetration_n into_o the_o reason_n of_o such_o action_n as_o be_v find_v in_o scientifical_a men._n 24._o hence_o the_o way_n of_o argue_v by_o induction_n can_v never_o breed_v science_n first_o because_o out_o of_o pure_a particular_n nothing_o follow_v next_o because_o to_o argue_v from_o some_o part_n or_o part_n to_o the_o whole_a be_v inconsequent_a wherefore_o we_o can_v thence_o infer_v a_o universal_a proposition_n or_o gain_n science_n of_o any_o nature_n unless_o we_o can_v enumerate_v all_o the_o singular_n in_o the_o world_n that_o be_v all_o the_o part_n so_o to_o make_v up_o a_o equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v impossible_a 25._o hence_o follow_v immediate_o that_o some_o universal_a proposition_n must_v be_v take_v in_o if_o we_o will_v conclude_v any_o thing_n from_o a_o singular_a one_o this_o have_v be_v ample_o show_v above_o and_o according_o in_o mathematics_n universal_a maxim_n and_o axiom_n use_v to_o be_v first_o lay_v without_o which_o nothing_o in_o any_o subject_a can_v be_v know_v scientifical_o 26._o further_o it_o be_v collect_v from_o our_o former_a discourse_n that_o hypotheticall_a or_o conditional_a syllogism_n be_v in_o proper_a speech_n no_o legitimate_a syllogism_n nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o generate_v science_n but_o by_o see_v in_o common_a and_o confuse_o they_o be_v the_o same_o in_o sense_n with_o categorical_a one_o for_o since_o we_o can_v see_v evident_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o conclusion_n or_o have_v science_n of_o it_o but_o by_o see_v evident_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o two_o extreme_n with_o the_o middle_a term_n and_o this_o can_v be_v see_v evident_o unless_o all_o the_o term_n be_v posturd_v in_o their_o right_a place_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n therefore_o since_o neither_o this_o clear_a position_n of_o the_o term_n nor_o any_o thing_n like_o it_o be_v find_v in_o hypothetical_n syllogism_n they_o be_v not_o in_o proper_a speech_n syllogism_n any_o more_o than_o be_v some_o sort_n of_o more_o concise_a rhetorical_a discourse_n which_o have_v oftentimes_o virtual_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o categorical_a syllogism_n in_o they_o though_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v disjoint_v and_o out_o of_o that_o due_a order_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o a_o syllogism_n 27._o wherefore_o all_o hypothetical_n syllogism_n ought_v in_o dispute_n to_o be_v reduce_v to_o categorical_a one_o for_o the_o major_a neither_o absolute_o affirm_v nor_o deny_v and_o therefore_o can_v be_v absolute_o either_o affirm_v or_o deny_v next_o the_o same_o major_a proposition_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o consequence_n in_o its_o single_a self_n and_o so_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o imperfect_a syllogism_n even_o take_v alone_o 3_o it_o do_v not_o identify_v its_o term_n and_o last_o unless_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o categorical_a one_o the_o figure_n of_o its_o part_n can_v clear_o appear_v 28._o the_o way_n to_o reduce_v they_o be_v to_o vary_v the_o phrase_n or_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n still_o keep_v the_o same_o sense_n for_o example_n this_o hypothetical_n if_o science_n be_v a_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n it_o ought_v to_o seek_v after_o but_o science_n be_v a_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n therefore_o science_n ought_v to_o be_v seek_v after_o may_v easy_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o categorical_a syllogism_n in_o barbara_n thus_o what_o ever_o be_v a_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n ought_v to_o be_v look_v after_o but_o all_o science_n be_v a_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n therefore_o all_o science_n ought_v to_o be_v look_v after_o 29._o for_o some_o of_o the_o same_o reason_n disjunctive_a syllogism_n ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o categorical_a one_o as_o it_o be_v either_o day_n or_o night_n but_o it_o be_v not_o day_n therefore_o it_o be_v night_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o categorical_a in_o darii_n thus_o da-what_a ever_o time_n be_v not_o day_n be_v night_n ri_fw-la this_o present_a time_n be_v not_o day_n therefore_o i_o this_o present_a time_n be_v night_n lesson_n iii_o of_o the_o matter_n of_o a_o conclusive_a syllogism_n or_o what_o middle_a term_n be_v proper_a for_o demonstration_n the_o right_a manner_n of_o frame_v a_o conclusive_a syllogism_n or_o of_o draw_v a_o consequence_n right_a which_o be_v the_o form_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o lay_v open_a from_o its_o ground_n there_o remain_v no_o more_o to_o be_v do_v as_o to_o the_o attainment_n of_o science_n but_o to_o show_v what_o be_v the_o proper_a matter_n of_o such_o a_o rigorous_a discourse_n for_o since_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n do_v constitute_v the_o whole_a essence_n or_o nature_n of_o every_o thing_n if_o both_o these_o be_v make_v know_v there_o can_v nothing_o more_o be_v want_v for_o we_o to_o conclude_v or_o prove_v evident_o which_o be_v the_o sole_a end_n and_o aim_v of_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o logic_n wherefore_o all_o the_o elaborate_a rule_n that_o occur_v in_o common_a logician_n which_o conduce_v not_o to_o this_o end_n be_v frivolous_a and_o mere_o invent_v for_o vain_a show_n and_o ostentation_n and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o advance_v science_n that_o they_o pester_v the_o way_n to_o it_o by_o make_v in_o more_o perplex_v and_o intricate_a which_o obstruct_v the_o attainment_n of_o it_o 2._o such_o a_o middle_a term_n as_o be_v proper_a to_o conjoin_v the_o other_o two_o be_v the_o only_a matter_n of_o a_o conclusive_a syllogism_n for_o since_o there_o can_v be_v in_o a_o lawful_a syllogism_n but_o three_o term_n and_o two_o of_o they_o be_v give_v to_o our_o hand_n in_o the_o thesis_n to_o be_v prove_v and_o the_o right_n place_v of_o those_o term_n belong_v to_o the_o form_n of_o it_o there_o be_v no_o consideration_n leave_v that_o can_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o or_o which_o join_v with_o the_o former_a make_v it_o evident_o conclude_v but_o such_o a_o middle_a term_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o conjoin_v the_o other_o two_o in_o the_o conclusion_n 3._o wherefore_o such_o a_o term_n be_v find_v and_o order_v in_o the_o right_a form_n nothing_o more_o can_v be_v require_v to_o gain_v science_n of_o any_o proposition_n whatever_o for_o this_o do_v the_o conclusion_n so_o necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a it_o shall_v not_o be_v true_a as_o it_o be_v that_o a_o identical_a proposition_n shall_v be_v false_a or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o a_o contradiction_n shall_v be_v true_a which_o be_v the_o high_a impossibility_n wherefore_o since_o to_o have_v science_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o know_v evident_o the_o thing_n be_v so_o and_o can_v but_o be_v so_o and_o this_o be_v know_v by_o the_o mean_n now_o mention_v it_o follow_v that_o no_o thing_n more_o can_v be_v require_v to_o gain_v science_n of_o any_o proposition_n whatever_o 4._o hence_o such_o a_o syllogism_n be_v demonstrative_a and_o to_o produce_v or_o frame_v such_o a_o syllogism_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v for_o since_o a_o demonstration_n bear_v in_o its_o notion_n that_o it_o must_v be_v the_o most_o certain_a and_o most_o evident_a proof_n than_o can_v be_v and_o no_o proof_n can_v be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o which_o render_v
it_o absolute_o impossible_a the_o conclusion_n shall_v not_o be_v true_a nor_o more_o evident_a than_o that_o which_o engage_v immediate_o the_o high_a evidence_n of_o a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o all_o this_o as_o have_v be_v prove_v be_v find_v in_o a_o syllogism_n consist_v of_o such_o a_o matter_n and_o such_o a_o form_n it_o follow_v that_o such_o a_o syllogism_n be_v a_o demonstrative_a one_o and_o that_o to_o prove_v by_o such_o a_o syllogism_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v 5._o all_o middle_a term_n that_o be_v proper_a for_o demonstration_n must_v be_v take_v original_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thlng_n or_o from_o its_o metaphysical_a verity_n for_o since_o all_o inferior_a truth_n be_v therefore_o such_o because_o they_o be_v final_o resolvable_a into_o identical_a proposition_n which_o be_v the_o first_o truth_n that_o be_v because_o those_o first_o truth_n be_v virtual_o in_o they_o and_o identical_a proposition_n be_v therefore_o true_a because_o the_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v in_o which_o consist_v its_o metaphysical_a verity_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o verity_n of_o all_o inferior_a truth_n such_o as_o be_v the_o premise_n on_o who_o truth_n all_o demonstration_n and_o truth_n of_o the_o conclusion_n necessary_o depend_v be_v take_v original_o from_o the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v again_o since_o as_o have_v be_v show_v the_o force_n of_o all_o consequence_n be_v ground_v on_o this_o that_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v the_o same_o with_o its_o self_n or_o what_o it_o be_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o force_n of_o all_o middle_a term_n that_o any_o way_n conduce_v to_o demonstration_n must_v be_v take_v original_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o from_o its_o metaphysical_a verity_n 6._o we_o can_v have_v no_o demonstration_n of_o the_o whole_a thing_n take_v in_o gross_a for_o the_o whole_a thing_n as_o be_v say_v may_v be_v consider_v diverse_a way_n and_o so_o ground_n many_o notion_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o confuse_o what_o correspond_v to_o all_o those_o notion_n we_o can_v frame_v of_o it_o since_o than_o we_o can_v have_v at_o once_o a_o distinct_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n of_o what_o correspond_v formal_o to_o any_o two_o notion_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o can_v have_v no_o demonstration_n or_o distinct_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n of_o the_o whole_a thing_n take_v in_o gross_a 7._o wherefore_o if_o we_o will_v demonstrate_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n according_a to_o what_o be_v essential_a to_o it_o we_o must_v take_v in_o piece_n unfold_v explicate_v and_o as_o it_o be_v detail_v the_o thing_n into_o its_o essential_a part_n that_o so_o we_o may_v look_v more_o clear_o through_o its_o nature_n or_o essence_n which_o be_v do_v by_o definition_n of_o the_o whole_a first_o and_o then_o of_o its_o several_a essential_a part_n till_o we_o come_v to_o those_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v most_o know_v or_o to_o the_o common_a head_n for_o we_o experience_n that_o we_o have_v but_o a_o confuse_a notion_n of_o a_o thing_n while_o it_o be_v express_v but_o in_o one_o word_n but_o when_o many_o word_n be_v use_v to_o tell_v the_o nature_n of_o it_o our_o knowledge_n of_o it_o grow_v clear_a and_o still_o more_o clear_a and_o distinct_a after_o each_o of_o those_o word_n also_o have_v it_o mean_v tell_v or_o be_v define_v for_o example_n ask_v what_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v it_o be_v answer_v a_o man_n which_o give_v we_o indeed_o a_o true_a but_o a_o confuse_a knowledge_n of_o it_o whence_o we_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o ask_v far_o what_o be_v a_o man_n and_o the_o answer_n be_v a_o rational_a animal_n which_o clear_v the_o notion_n of_o man_n to_o a_o fair_a degree_n but_o the_o word_n animal_n be_v also_o confuse_a though_o less_o than_o homo_fw-la be_v wherefore_o to_o gain_v a_o more_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o it_o we_o set_v ourselves_o to_o define_v it_o and_o we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v a_o live_n or_o selfmoving_a thing_n that_o be_v sensitive_a or_o which_o be_v move_v by_o impression_n on_o the_o sense_n and_o thus_o still_o to_o gain_v clear_a light_n of_o more_o and_o more_o essential_a notion_n or_o consideration_n of_o man_n we_o may_v drive_v on_o far_a the_o definition_n of_o the_o ascend_a genus_fw-la till_o we_o come_v to_o ens_fw-la or_o substantia_fw-la which_o be_v the_o supreme_a in_o that_o line_n and_o the_o clear_a of_o any_o except_o existence_n which_o stint_v our_o quest_n by_o which_o way_n of_o define_v still_o upward_o we_o gain_v many_o distinct_a notion_n of_o man_n essence_n which_o be_v before_o confuse_o blend_v in_o the_o single_a word_n man_n and_o be_v the_o collateral_a difference_n which_o constitute_v the_o inferior_a notion_n to_o ens_fw-la define_v too_o as_o well_o as_o each_o genus_fw-la descend_v in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o it_o we_o shall_v gain_v a_o most_o distinct_a and_o clear_a essential_a notion_n of_o man._n 8._o it_o remain_v to_o define_v the_o difference_n rational_a which_o be_v the_o other_o essential_a notion_n that_o compound_v the_o entire_a notion_n of_o man._n if_o we_o ask_v then_o what_o reason_n be_v it_o will_v be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v a_o faculty_n of_o deduce_v some_o new_a knowledge_n out_o of_o forego_v one_o or_o to_o express_v it_o in_o the_o language_n of_o art_n to_o draw_v a_o proposition_n call_v the_o conclusion_n from_o two_o other_o true_a one_o call_v the_o premise_n to_o know_v more_o distinct_o what_o this_o definition_n mean_v we_o may_v ask_v what_o a_o proposition_n be_v and_o what_o true_a mean_n and_o it_o will_v be_v answer_v that_o a_o proposition_n be_v define_v a_o speech_n by_o which_o one_o notion_n be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o another_o next_o ask_v what_o a_o notion_n be_v and_o we_o be_v answer_v by_o the_o definition_n of_o it_o that_o a_o notion_n be_v the_o very_a thing_n as_o conceive_v by_o we_o or_o the_o thing_n as_o exist_v in_o our_o understanding_n ask_v what_o true_a be_v it_o be_v answer_v it_o be_v the_o conformity_n of_o what_o be_v in_o our_o mind_n to_o the_o thing_n without_o we_o ask_v what_o affirm_v be_v it_o be_v answer_v it_o be_v the_o compare_v one_o of_o the_o term_n of_o â—he_n proposition_n to_o the_o other_o or_o see_v they_o both_o â—gree_n in_o the_o same_o ens._n ask_v what_o deduce_v be_v â—nd_v it_o be_v answer_v it_o be_v a_o compare_v two_o term_n â—o_o a_o three_o and_o see_v they_o to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o it_o and_o thence_o the_o same_o with_o one_o another_o all_o which_o be_v know_v we_o shall_v have_v gain_v â—he_v distinct_a and_o clear_a notion_n of_o reason_v or_o exact_a discourse_v and_o consequent_o of_o rationality_n the_o power_n which_o produce_v that_o act._n 9_o hence_o proper_a middle_a term_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o line_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o any_o other_o common_a head_n for_o demonstration_n of_o any_o truth_n that_o belong_v essential_o to_o any_o notion_n or_o nature_n in_o those_o respective_a line_n for_o they_o be_v take_v from_o the_o definition_n afford_v we_o by_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o difference_n in_o each_o line_n both_o part_n of_o which_o deâ—initions_n be_v essential_a 10._o though_o when_o it_o happen_v otherwise_o it_o wrong_v not_o the_o demonstration_n yet_o this_o be_v best_a do_v when_o the_o superior_a notion_n be_v predicate_v of_o that_o which_o be_v the_o immediate_a inferior_a and_o that_o inferior_a of_o the_o notion_n immediate_o under_o it_o for_o then_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v not_o by_o our_o choice_n or_o order_v but_o ex_fw-la naturâ_fw-la rei_fw-la place_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o they_o as_o every_o animal_n be_v a_o live_a thing_n every_o man_n be_v a_o animal_n therefore_o every_o man_n be_v a_o live_a thing_n every_o man_n be_v a_o animal_n peter_n be_v a_o man_n therefore_o peter_n be_v a_o animal_n 10._o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v when_o any_o of_o the_o intrinsical_a difference_n be_v use_v for_o the_o middle_a term_n even_o though_o it_o be_v remote_a in_o the_o same_o line_n from_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n as_o every_o sensitive_a thing_n be_v a_o animal_n every_o worm_n be_v a_o sensitive_a thing_n therefore_o every_o worm_n be_v a_o animal_n the_o same_o hold_v in_o all_o the_o rest_n whether_o they_o be_v generical_a or_o differential_n notion_n whether_o immediate_a or_o mediate_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n conclude_v for_o one_o as_o for_o the_o other_o viz._n because_o all_o such_o be_v essential_a predicate_v and_o be_v find_v in_o the_o same_o essence_n be_v not_o only_o identify_v in_o the_o same_o thing_n material_o as_o be_v do_v when_o in_o a_o true_a proposition_n the_o subject_n and_o predicate_v be_v in_o distinct_a line_n as_o aethiop_n est_fw-fr niger_n but_o be_v either_o
casual_o upon_o something_o in_o the_o dark_a or_o run_v against_o it_o though_o we_o neither_o see_v or_o know_v what_o that_o thing_n be_v or_o when_o we_o see_v a_o thing_n a_o far_o off_o we_o know_v that_o that_o thing_n be_v though_o as_o yet_o we_o know_v not_o what_o it_o be_v the_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o efficient_a cauâ—es_n and_o effect_n for_o since_o a_o first_o cause_n be_v suppose_v who_o be_v infinite_o wise_a he_o administâ—rs_v his_o workmanship_n the_o world_n after_o the_o wise_a and_o best_a manner_n which_o be_v that_o the_o contexture_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v not_o loose_a and_o slack_a but_o perfect_o coherent_a nor_o can_v this_o be_v do_v among_o a_o infinite_a variety_n of_o body_n by_o any_o other_o mean_n so_o as_o to_o make_v up_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n but_o by_o make_v effect_n necessary_o follow_v from_o their_o cause_n since_o if_o that_o be_v not_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n will_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n and_o need_v the_o artificer_n hand_n at_o every_o turn_n to_o make_v it_o go_v on_o which_o argue_v a_o imperfection_n in_o the_o workmanship_n itself_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n must_v be_v carry_v on_o by_o efficient_a cause_n and_o effect_n 4._o the_o course_n of_o nature_n must_v be_v câ—â—ryed_v on_o by_o such_o efficient_a cause_n and_o effect_n as_o 〈◊〉_d â—roper_a to_o one_o another_o for_o be_v â—ot_n â—â—ese_v cause_n and_o effect_n proper_a to_o one_o another_o any_o 〈◊〉_d may_v do_v any_o thing_n or_o suffer_v from_o any_o thing_n v_o g._n fire_n may_v both_o heat_n and_o cool_v and_o moisten_v and_o water_n may_v be_v as_o combustible_a as_o dry_a wood_n and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o whiâ—h_a case_n no_o man_n can_v tell_v how_o to_o order_n his_o action_n or_o what_o efficient_a cause_n or_o what_o matter_n rather_o than_o another_o he_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o to_o produce_v any_o effect_n nor_o consequent_o sinâ—e_o â—uch_o essence_n be_v ordain_v for_o such_o and_o such_o end_n can_v the_o essence_n or_o nature_n of_o thing_n be_v know_v or_o distinguish_v more_o than_o in_o outward_a appearance_n 5._o hence_o follow_v immediate_o that_o every_o such_o proper_a efficient_a cause_n put_v to_o be_v actual_o cause_v must_v most_o necessary_o produce_v 〈◊〉_d proper_a effect_n for_o since_o to_o causâ—_n be_v 〈◊〉_d do_v and_o to_o do_v nothing_o be_v not_o to_o do_v what_o 〈◊〉_d actual_o cause_v must_v cause_v something_o or_o produce_v some_o effect_n anâ—_n this_o effect_n must_v be_v a_o proper_a one_o as_o have_v be_v prove_v §_o 4._o 6._o all_o the_o efficient_a cause_n in_o nature_n be_v actual_o cause_v for_o since_o the_o virtue_n or_o power_n of_o work_v be_v in_o the_o efficient_a cause_n itself_o as_o be_v nothing_o but_o its_o existence_n and_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o be_v quantitative_a that_o be_v of_o it_o be_v own_o nature_n either_o perfect_o or_o imperfect_o divisible_a and_o variable_a innumerable_a manner_n of_o way_n according_a to_o its_o quality_n nor_o can_v it_o have_v a_o infinite_a power_n of_o resist_v the_o efficiency_n of_o the_o least_o cause_n hence_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o have_v a_o impression_n make_v upon_o it_o to_o some_o degree_n by_o any_o quantitative_a agent_n provide_v there_o be_v but_o immediate_a application_n of_o the_o agent_n to_o the_o patient_n and_o that_o it_o be_v prâ—st_v upon_o it_o but_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n immediate_a application_n of_o one_o natural_a body_n to_o another_o must_v needs_o be_v throughout_o all_o nature_n and_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n consist_v in_o moâ—ion_n one_o body_n must_v necessary_o press_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v next_o it_o from_o all_o which_o it_o follow_v evident_o that_o all_o the_o efficient_a cause_n in_o nature_n be_v actual_o cause_v 7._o from_o these_o discourse_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v proper_a effect_n from_o proper_a efficient_a cause_n which_o we_o call_v demonstrate_v â_fw-la priori_fw-la and_o proper_a efficient_a cause_n from_o proper_a effect_n which_o be_v call_v demonstrate_v à _fw-fr posteriori_fw-la for_o since_o a_o cause_n and_o a_o reason_n do_v only_o differ_v in_o this_o that_o the_o word_n cause_n speak_v the_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n and_o reason_n the_o same_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v in_o our_o understanding_n and_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n in_o nature_n be_v necessary_o connect_v to_o one_o another_o and_o consequent_o do_v infer_v one_o another_o natural_o it_o follow_v that_o those_o cause_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n effect_n as_o they_o be_v in_o our_o understanding_n must_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o one_o infer_v the_o other_o in_o our_o understanding_n whence_o follow_v that_o thoâ—e_a cause_n and_o effect_n can_v be_v use_v as_o proper_a middle_a term_n to_o infer_v or_o conclude_v one_o another_o and_o that_o proof_n make_v by_o such_o medium_n be_v demonstrative_a be_v clear_a for_o no_o proof_n can_v be_v more_o clear_a than_o that_o which_o be_v ground_v on_o those_o notion_n or_o nature_n be_v connect_v natural_o and_o so_o connect_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v be_v otherwise_o as_o it_o be_v show_v these_o be_v §_o §_o 5._o and_o 6._o 8._o this_o be_v far_o confirm_v because_o two_o body_n that_o be_v immediate_a do_v act_n and_o re-act_n or_o be_v in_o some_o respect_n mutual_o cause_n and_o effect_n to_o one_o another_o for_o since_o their_o existence_n which_o be_v their_o power_n of_o act_v be_v immediate_o apply_v and_o by_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n consist_v in_o motion_n press_v upon_o one_o another_o and_o no_o natural_a agent_n be_v of_o infinite_a power_n nor_o consequent_o can_v it_o subdue_v all_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o patient_n in_o a_o instant_a it_o follow_v that_o till_o one_o of_o they_o be_v by_o degree_n total_o subdue_v the_o resist_a body_n must_v necessary_o for_o the_o reason_n give_v re-act_n upon_o it_o whence_o they_o will_v be_v to_o some_o degree_n or_o in_o some_o respect_n mutual_a cause_n and_o effect_n in_o regard_n of_o each_o other_o corol._n i._o the_o carry_v on_o this_o connected_a course_n of_o natural_a cause_n be_v call_v providence_n and_o as_o join_v with_o a_o course_n of_o supernatural_a one_o interior_a and_o exterior_a perfect_v and_o strengthen_v the_o will_v all_o along_o to_o the_o very_a end_n and_o ripen_a soul_n for_o bliss_n which_o we_o call_v grace_n be_v that_o which_o be_v true_o mean_v by_o predestination_n which_o sound_v so_o terrible_o and_o be_v such_o â—â—ugbeaâ—_n to_o those_o that_o mis-understand_a it_o corâ—â—_n â—i_fw-la every_o step_n of_o this_o order_n of_o cause_n have_v entity_n or_o goodness_n in_o it_o for_o it_o be_v manifest_o the_o cause_v of_o something_o by_o something_o corol._n â—â—i_n therefore_o it_o be_v direct_o against_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o â—â—e_z first_o cause_n to_o cause_n or_o lay_v any_o 〈◊〉_d for_o sin_n for_o sin_n formal_o as_o such_o have_v no_o kind_n of_o entity_n or_o goodness_n in_o it_o either_o metaphysical_a physical_a or_o moral_a but_o be_v formal_o a_o mere_a privation_n of_o some_o entity_n or_o goodness_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o a_o intelligent_a creature_n whence_o it_o come_v that_o by_o falling-short_a here_o in_o use_v the_o mean_n that_o creature_n fall_v short_a hereafter_o of_o attain_v the_o end_n which_o be_v only_o attainable_a by_o such_o mean_n to_o explicate_v which_o high_a point_n full_o be_v leave_v to_o solid_a divine_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o do_v not_o guide_v themselves_o by_o mere_a word_n but_o by_o reason_n and_o good_a sense_n corol._n iu._n hence_o follow_v also_o that_o be_v all_o the_o efficient_a cause_n that_o produce_v any_o effect_n know_v to_o we_o we_o can_v have_v no_o accidental_a predication_n nor_o consequent_o any_o opinion_n but_o the_o effect_n will_v still_o be_v equal_o demonstrable_a from_o the_o complexion_n of_o those_o cause_n as_o it_o be_v now_o from_o some_o one_o single_a efficient_a as_o be_v hint_v former_o corol._n v._o hence_o to_o one_o that_o comprehend_v the_o complexion_n of_o all_o cause_n there_o can_v be_v no_o chance_n nor_o can_v such_o a_o man_n have_v any_o ground_n for_o such_o a_o notion_n for_o chance_v as_o the_o common_a use_n of_o the_o word_n tell_v we_o signify_v a_o unseen_a or_o vnforeseen_a cause_n whereas_o no_o cause_n be_v unseen_a to_o he_o who_o see_v demonstrative_o how_o all_o natural_a effect_n follow_v all_o along_o from_o the_o cause_n and_o that_o they_o can_v but_o follow_v from_o such_o cause_n corol._n vi_o hence_o though_o we_o know_v not_o particular_o the_o quid_fw-la est_fw-la of_o this_o exact_a order_n of_o the_o world_n or_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n because_o we_o comprehend_v not_o all_o cause_n nor_o know_v what_o cause_n or_o cause_n do_v
all_o a_o long_o produce_v such_o effect_n yet_o since_o we_o know_v and_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o a_o est_fw-fr of_o this_o order_n or_o that_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v still_o carry_v on_o by_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n hence_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o that_o chimerical_a cause_n call_v chance_n govern_v the_o world_n which_o fantastic_a whimsy_n be_v impute_v to_o the_o epicurean_o corol._n 7._o hence_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v that_o every_o the_o least_o motion_n of_o a_o fly_n or_o a_o insect_n the_o figure_n of_o every_o leaf_n of_o a_o tree_n or_o grain_n of_o sand_n on_o the_o sea_n shore_n do_v come_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o course_n of_o nature_n or_o god_n providence_n which_o neglect_v not_o the_o least_o of_o his_o creature_n but_o have_v a_o superintendency_n over_o all_o which_o consideration_n though_o they_o may_v at_o first_o sight_n seem_v incredible_a and_o paradoxical_a and_o stun_v our_o reason_n yet_o after_o that_o by_o recourse_n to_o our_o principle_n we_o have_v recover_v our_o dazzle_a sight_n and_o clear_o see_v they_o must_v be_v true_a will_n exceed_o conduce_v to_o raise_v our_o soul_n connatural_o to_o deep_a contemplation_n of_o god_n infinite_a wisdom_n goodness_n and_o providence_n and_o ground_n in_o we_o a_o perfect_a resignation_n to_o his_o will_n in_o all_o occurrence_n and_o let_v we_o see_v and_o be_v ashamed_a of_o our_o froward_a proud_a peevish_a and_o selfish_a humour_n which_o nothing_o will_v content_v but_o the_o have_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n alter_v for_o our_o sake_n as_o if_o the_o world_n be_v make_v mere_o for_o we_o or_o that_o cause_n shall_v not_o have_v their_o proper_a effect_n which_o be_v a_o contradiction_n be_v therefore_o as_o unreasonable_a and_o foolish_a as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o man_n that_o want_v money_n to_o be_v angry_a that_o two_o and_o three_o shilling_n do_v not_o make_v forty_o corol._n viii_o hence_o none_o can_v have_v just_a occasion_n to_o grumble_v at_o god_n providence_n for_o ill_a success_n for_o since_o we_o know_v à _fw-fr priori_fw-la that_o god_n he_o be_v infinite_o wise_a cast_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o world_n or_o the_o course_n of_o cause_n in_o the_o most_o perfect_a and_o best_a order_n to_o wish_v we_o shall_v be_v otherwise_o after_o we_o see_v that_o no_o cause_n can_v bring_v our_o endeavour_v it_o to_o effect_v be_v to_o wish_v the_o whole_a world_n shall_v be_v worse_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o one_o inconsiderable_a piece_n of_o it_o which_o be_v against_o common_a sense_n and_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n to_o expect_v from_o a_o common_a governor_n who_o be_v to_o provide_v in_o the_o first_o place_n for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o be_v even_o against_o the_o judgement_n and_o generous_a practice_n of_o diverse_a heathen_n who_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o world_n their_o own_o country_n have_v not_o care_v to_o ruin_v their_o private_a concern_v nay_o to_o sacrifice_n their_o life_n corol._n ix_o on_o this_o doctrine_n be_v ground_v the_o duty_n of_o gratitude_n we_o owe_v to_o god_n for_o all_o the_o good_a we_o have_v of_o what_o nature_n soever_o for_o it_o be_v hence_o see_v demonstrative_o that_o god_n be_v as_o much_o the_o giver_n of_o that_o good_a by_o lay_v such_o a_o steady_a course_n of_o innumerable_a cause_n to_o convey_v it_o to_o we_o as_o if_o he_o have_v give_v it_o by_o his_o own_o hand_n immediate_o nay_o it_o ought_v more_o to_o increase_v our_o gratitude_n to_o see_v that_o he_o have_v order_v such_o a_o infinity_o of_o cause_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v instrumental_a to_o our_o good_n corol._n x._o hence_o last_o be_v show_v the_o wisdom_n of_o christianity_n which_o instruct_v all_o its_o follower_n to_o express_v in_o their_o common_a language_n and_o to_o put_v in_o practice_v all_o the_o substance_n of_o those_o truth_n which_o we_o have_v with_o so_o much_o labour_n speculative_o demonstrate_v as_o when_o they_o say_v that_o every_o thing_n that_o happen_v be_v god_n will_n pray_v his_o will_n may_v be_v do_v resign_v to_o it_o acknowledge_v that_o all_o the_o good_a they_o have_v come_v from_o god_n thank_v he_o for_o it_o free_v he_o from_o all_o imputation_n of_o injustice_n when_o any_o harm_n light_v to_o they_o and_o bear_v it_o with_o a_o humble_a patience_n etc._n etc._n 9_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a order_n or_o priority_n of_o nature_n in_o our_o notion_n take_v from_o the_o same_o subject_n by_o which_o one_o of_o they_o or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o the_o subject_a as_o ground_v one_o of_o those_o notion_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v kind_a of_o efficient_a cause_n of_o another_o of_o they_o for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o first_o efficiency_n of_o fire_n be_v the_o make_v that_o smart_a impression_n on_o our_o feel_v sense_n which_o we_o call_v heat_n out_o of_o which_o if_o continue_v it_o follow_v that_o it_o dissipate_v or_o shatter_v asunder_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n on_o which_o it_o work_v to_o which_o it_o be_v consequent_a that_o it_o disgregate_n the_o heterogeneous_a part_n of_o it_o and_o congregate_n the_o homogeneous_a one_o from_o which_o latter_a effect_n of_o heat_n as_o be_v most_o obvious_a and_o discernible_a to_o mankind_n aristotle_n take_v his_o definition_n of_o hot_a thing_n thus_o out_o of_o rationality_n spring_v a_o solid_a and_o serious_a content_n in_o discover_v new_a truth_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a perfection_n of_o a_o soul_n and_o from_o this_o content_a a_o great_a degree_n of_o the_o love_n of_o see_v still_o more_o truth_n thus_o risibility_n spring_v from_o rationality_n the_o object_n of_o which_o be_v not_o a_o solid_a food_n nourish_v and_o dilate_v the_o soul_n as_o be_v this_o late_a which_o cause_v some_o increase_n of_o science_n in_o she_o but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o light_a repast_n and_o recreation_n to_o she_o spring_v from_o the_o observe_v some_o trifle_a particular_n which_o be_v odd_a awkward_a and_o sudden_a or_o unexpected_a and_o withal_o not_o harmful_a or_o contristate_v 10._o in_o those_o subject_n which_o have_v many_o accident_n in_o they_o we_o must_v separate_a those_o accident_n from_o the_o subject_a and_o consider_v attentive_o according_a to_o which_o of_o they_o it_o produce_v such_o a_o effect_n which_o find_v we_o shall_v discover_v a_o proper_a cause_n and_o its_o proper_a effect_n for_o example_n put_v case_n we_o experience_v aloe_n purge_v choler_n we_o must_v separate_v its_o colour_n smell_v hardness_n bitter_a taste_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o accident_n and_o endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o according_a to_o which_o of_o they_o it_o produce_v that_o effect_n and_o if_o we_o can_v find_v it_o do_v this_o precise_o as_o bitter_a we_o shall_v discover_v that_o bitterness_n be_v the_o proper_a medicine_n against_o choler_n and_o thence_o we_o can_v gain_v this_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o establish_v this_o universal_a conclusion_n that_o every_o bitter_a thing_n be_v good_a against_o choler_n according_a to_o that_o solid_a maxim_n in_o logic_n a_o quatenus_fw-la ad_fw-la omne_fw-la valet_fw-la consequentia_fw-la note_v that_o induction_n in_o such_o case_n give_v great_a light_n to_o a_o man_n already_o well_o verse_v in_o natural_a principle_n but_o this_o former_a maxim_n must_v be_v understand_v with_o this_o provisâ—_n that_o it_o be_v mean_v to_o hold_v per_fw-la se_fw-la loquendo_fw-la as_o the_o school_n phrase_n it_o that_o be_v if_o nothing_o hinder_v as_o it_o do_v often_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o physic_n for_o in_o mix_v body_n there_o be_v a_o strange_a variety_n and_o medley_n of_o accident_n or_o quality_n divers_a of_o which_o be_v of_o a_o disparate_a and_o sometime_o of_o a_o sub-contrary_a or_o contrary_a nature_n to_o one_o another_o so_o that_o it_o require_v a_o great_a sagacity_n to_o add_v to_o they_o such_o other_o mixt_n as_o may_v obviate_v their_o interfering_n and_o make_v the_o intend_a effect_n follow_v thus_o much_o of_o demonstration_n from_o the_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v active_a or_o from_o the_o efficient_a which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o four_o cause_n 11._o demonstration_n may_v be_v take_v also_o from_o the_o matter_n or_o material_a cause_n that_o be_v from_o the_o thing_n or_o subject_n as_o it_o be_v passive_a for_o from_o the_o divisibility_n of_o a_o thing_n whether_o that_o divisibility_n be_v metaphysical_a or_o physical_a we_o may_v demonstrate_v the_o corruptibility_n of_o it_o which_o necessary_o follow_v out_o of_o the_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v divisible_a be_v therefore_o a_o property_n of_o it_o thus_o capable_a of_o admire_v be_v a_o property_n necessary_o infer_v rationality_n in_o its_o subject_a admiration_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o suspension_n of_o the_o rational_a faculty_n at_o
indivisible_a add_v to_o another_o can_v make_v quantity_n but_o la_o 1._o alderman_n infinite_a number_n of_o indivisibles_fw-fr consist_v of_o or_o be_v one_o indivisible_a add_v to_o another_o therefore_o rent-no_a infinite_a number_n of_o indivisibles_n can_v make_v quantity_n 10._o the_o minor_a be_v evident_a for_o all_o number_n though_o infinite_a consist_v of_o one_o that_o be_v of_o one_o add_v to_o another_o add_v that_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v above_o that_o all_o infinite_a number_n be_v impossible_a proposition_n iii_o if_o any_o two_o part_n of_o quantity_n be_v actual_o distinct_a all_o the_o part_n must_v be_v actual_o distinct_a also_o bar-what_a ever_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o precise_a nature_n of_o quantity_n must_v be_v equal_o find_v where_o ever_o there_o be_v quantity_n or_o throughout_o all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n by_o axiom_n 3_o d._n but_o baal_a actual_a distinction_n of_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n if_o put_v in_o any_o two_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o precise_a notion_n of_o quantity_n therefore_o ra-all_a actual_a distinction_n of_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n if_o put_v in_o any_o two_o must_v be_v equal_o find_v wherever_o there_o be_v quantity_n or_o throughout_o all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n 11._o the_o minor_a be_v prove_v for_o all_o unity_n and_o distinction_n in_o any_o line_n follow_v out_o of_o the_o entity_n to_o which_o it_o be_v peculiar_a that_o be_v in_o our_o case_n out_o of_o the_o entity_n or_o essence_n of_o quantity_n again_o this_o actual_a distinction_n of_o quantitative_a part_n can_v spring_v from_o substance_n for_o this_o have_v no_o distinction_n of_o part_n but_o that_o of_o matter_n and_o form_n nor_o out_o of_o any_o other_o line_n for_o all_o those_o do_v presuppose_v quantity_n and_o spring_n from_o it_o as_o the_o primary_n affection_n of_o body_n therefore_o if_o any_o two_o part_n of_o quantity_n be_v actual_o distinct_a that_o distinction_n must_v proceed_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o quantity_n itself_o 12._o now_o that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n shall_v be_v actual_o distinct_a destroy_v the_o nature_n of_o quantity_n and_o be_v contradictory_n be_v thus_o prove_v 2_o da-whateve_a make_v quantity_n consist_v of_o infinite_a indivisibles_n contradict_v the_o nature_n of_o quantity_n but_o ri-that_a position_n which_o make_v all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n actual_o distinct_a make_v quantity_n consist_v of_o infinite_a indivisibles_fw-fr therefore_o i-that_a position_n which_o make_v all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n actual_o distinct_a contradict_v the_o nature_n of_o quantity_n 13._o the_o minor_a be_v evident_a for_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v actual_o distinct_a quantitative_o may_v be_v divide_v quantitative_o or_o rather_o be_v already_o so_o as_o those_o which_o be_v actual_o distinct_a in_o the_o line_n of_o substance_n be_v distinct_a substance_n or_o distinct_a thing_n in_o that_o line_n wherefore_o since_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o a_o subject_a as_o they_o put_v quantity_n to_o be_v do_v bear_v it_o let_v we_o suppose_v quantity_n divide_v into_o all_o its_o actual_a part_n it_o can_v be_v divide_v into_o that_o be_v into_o all_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o suppose_v actual_o distinct_a it_o be_v manifest_a there_o can_v remain_v only_o infinite_a indivisibles_n they_o must_v be_v indivisible_a because_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o all_o it_o can_v be_v divide_v into_o and_o they_o must_v be_v infinite_a for_o divisibility_n that_o be_v but_o finite_a will_v contradict_v euclid_n clear_a and_o most_o approve_a demonstration_n beside_o it_o will_v follow_v hence_o that_o if_o all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n be_v actual_o distinct_a each_o of_o they_o must_v be_v determinate_a in_o the_o line_n of_o quantity_n wherefore_o they_o be_v also_o infinite_a in_o number_n for_o a_o finite_a number_n of_o part_n make_v quantity_n not_o to_o be_v divisible_a infinite_o against_o euclid_n demonstration_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o each_o least_o quantity_n will_v be_v of_o infinite_a extension_n for_o the_o least_o determinate_a quantity_n infinite_a time_n repeat_v make_v a_o infinite_a extension_n 14._o hence_o be_v evince_v our_o main_a demonstration_n that_o since_o continue_v quantity_n be_v neither_o compound_v of_o a_o finit_fw-la nor_o of_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o indivisibles_n nor_o of_o actual_a part_n it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o potential_a part_n that_o be_v there_o be_v but_o one_o actual_a whole_a in_o the_o line_n of_o quantity_n and_o this_o whole_a be_v divisible_a without_o end_n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v far_o demonstrate_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n as_o to_o its_o quantity_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o the_o continuity_n of_o the_o whole_a imaginable_a mass_n of_o body_n corol._n ii_o hence_o be_v demonstrate_v likewise_o that_o all_o vacuum_n and_o epicurus_n scheme_n of_o plenum_fw-la and_o vacuum_n be_v contradictory_n as_o likewise_o that_o there_o can_v possible_o be_v more_o world_n than_o one_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o quantity_n be_v but_o one_o whole_a divisible_a still_o into_o its_o potential_a part_n or_o part_n still_o far_o divisible_a thesis_n iii_o 15._o successive_a quantity_n or_o motion_n and_o consequent_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n can_v not_o have_v be_v ab_fw-la aeterno_fw-la but_o must_v have_v have_v a_o beginning_n demonstration_n iu._n bar-all_a infinite_a motion_n or_o time_n be_v impossible_a but_o baal_a duration_n of_o motion_n ab_fw-la aeterno_fw-la must_v have_v be_v for_o a_o infinite_a time_n therefore_o ra-all_a duration_n of_o motion_n ab_fw-la aeterno_fw-la be_v impossible_a the_o minor_a be_v self-evident_a the_o major_n be_v thus_o prove_v bar-all_a infinite_a time_n must_v be_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o determinate_a part_n of_o time_n v_o g._n infinite_a hour_n but_o baal_a infinite_a number_n of_o the_o determinate_a part_n of_o time_n be_v impossible_a therefore_o ra-all_a infinite_a time_n be_v impossible_a 16._o the_o major_n be_v clear_o evident_a for_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o determinate_a part_n of_o time_n finite_a than_o all_o the_o part_n which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a be_v finite_a the_o whole_a must_v likewise_o be_v finite_a the_o minor_a be_v prove_v above_o demonstration_n 1._o and_o 2._o where_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o all_o infinite_a number_n be_v impossible_a 17._o whence_o be_v demonstrate_v our_o main_a thesis_n that_o time_n motion_n or_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n have_v a_o beginning_n whence_o many_o useful_a conclusion_n may_v be_v draw_v against_o heathen_n and_o atheist_n note_v that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o our_o argument_n whether_o there_o be_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o part_n of_o time_n which_o be_v actual_o determine_v and_o measure_v or_o no_o it_o be_v sufficient_a the_o subject_n infinite_a motion_n or_o infinite_a time_n bear_v the_o have_v such_o a_o determination_n make_v by_o have_v that_o in_o it_o which_o correspond_v to_o all_o those_o infinite_a determinate_a part_n for_o this_o necessary_o induce_v and_o enforce_v a_o contradiction_n thesis_n iv._o there_o be_v spiritual_a being_n which_o we_o call_v angel_n demonstration_n v._n axiom_n 1._o what_o act_n be_v 2._o every_o thing_n act_v as_o it_o be_v and_o à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la can_v act_v direct_o contrary_a to_o what_o it_o be_v especial_o as_o a_o immediate_a agent_n 3._o motion_n be_v change_v 4._o there_o be_v no_o create_a being_n but_o either_o divisible_a or_o indivisible_a one_o that_o be_v body_n or_o spirit_n 5._o the_o first_o be_v be_v essential_o unchangeable_a 1_o da-whateve_a must_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o some_o effect_v act_n and_o consequent_o be_v but_o ri-an_a angel_n must_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o some_o effect_n viz._n of_o the_o first_o motion_n in_o nature_n therefore_o jan_a angel_n act_n and_o consequent_o be_v the_o minor_a be_v thus_o prove_v 4._o da-every_a effect_n that_o can_v neither_o be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o the_o first_o cause_n noâ—_n by_o a_o body_n must_v have_v be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o a_o create_a spirit_n or_o a_o angel_n but_o ri-the_a first_o motion_n in_o nature_n be_v a_o effect_n which_o can_v not_o have_v be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o the_o first_o cause_n nor_o by_o a_o body_n therefore_o i'the_a first_o motion_n in_o nature_n must_v have_v be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o a_o angel_n and_o consequent_o a_o angel_n act_n &_o be_v the_o former_a part_n of_o thâ—_n minor_n viz._n that_o the_o first_o motion_n can_v not_o be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v thus_o demonstrate_v 19_o fe-no_a 2._o be_v that_o be_v essential_o unchangeable_a and_o who_o nature_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o change_n can_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n o_o 3_o change_n or_o motion_n nor_o consequent_o of_o the_o first_o motion_n in_o nature_n but_o ri-the_a first_o be_v be_v 5._o essential_o unchangeable_a and_o his_o nature_n be_v direct_o
naturalia_fw-la that_o be_v some_o least_o size_n of_o body_n which_o be_v general_o no_o far_o divisible_a because_o there_o want_v natural_a cause_n little_a enough_o to_o pass_v between_o their_o part_n and_o divide_v they_o but_o they_o say_v moreover_o that_o there_o be_v not_o only_o local_a or_o situal_a which_o be_v extrinsical_a but_o also_o intrinsical_a or_o formal_a composition_n and_o division_n and_o consequent_o formal_a mutation_n in_o they_o either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n that_o be_v a_o change_n in_o they_o according_a to_o the_o form_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o matter_n or_o subject_n and_o they_o deny_v that_o any_o solid_a discourse_n or_o explication_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o transnaturals_n which_o we_o call_v metaphysic_n can_v possible_o be_v make_v unless_o this_o be_v admit_v 2._o the_o part_n of_o which_o they_o affirm_v all_o the_o essence_n or_o nature_n form_n of_o all_o those_o entity_n we_o converse_v with_o be_v compound_v they_o call_v act_n and_o power_n or_o form_n and_o matter_n whether_o those_o be_v essential_a or_o accidental_a and_o they_o put_v the_o matter_n and_o essential_a form_n to_o be_v necessary_o find_v in_o every_o body_n and_o in_o each_o of_o the_o most_o minute_n and_o insensible_a atom_n and_o particle_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v the_o reason_n they_o give_v for_o this_o assertion_n be_v because_o each_o of_o they_o be_v a_o distinct_a ens_fw-la from_o the_o other_o in_o regard_n it_o can_v subsist_v alone_o and_o so_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o distinct_a be_v whence_o they_o conceive_v there_o must_v be_v somewhat_o in_o every_o body_n and_o every_o atom_n by_o which_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o and_o somewhat_o in_o which_o it_o agree_v with_o they_o that_o which_o distinguish_v they_o they_o call_v the_o form_n and_o that_o in_o which_o they_o agree_v the_o matter_n and_o they_o think_v that_o however_o their_o adversary_n may_v quarrel_v the_o word_n yet_o they_o must_v allow_v the_o sense_n nature_n and_o daily_a experience_n teach_v we_o that_o one_o thing_n be_v make_v of_o another_o which_o can_v be_v unless_o somewhat_o of_o it_o remain_v and_o somewhat_o be_v lose_v for_o otherwise_o one_o thing_n can_v not_o true_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v of_o another_o but_o the_o former_a ens_fw-la of_o which_o nothing_o remain_v will_v be_v annihilate_v and_o the_o ens_fw-la or_o body_n new_o produce_v will_v be_v make_v of_o nothing_o that_o be_v create_v form_n 3._o now_o when_o the_o peripatetic_n speak_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n and_o that_o each_o thing_n be_v compound_v of_o these_o and_o consequent_o that_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o divisibility_n or_o difference_n between_o they_o the_o corpuscularian_o who_o fancy_v nothing_o but_o particle_n commodious_o lay_v together_o be_v present_o apt_a to_o conceit_n that_o those_o part_n as_o it_o be_v that_o compound_v a_o body_n be_v mean_v to_o be_v two_o certain_a kind_n of_o thing_n join_v together_o into_o one_o and_o if_o this_o be_v deny_v they_o be_v ready_a to_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v either_o two_o nothing_o or_o at_o least_o that_o they_o leave_v we_o in_o the_o dark_a and_o at_o a_o loss_n how_o to_o distinguish_v thing_n from_o nothing_o and_o thence_o object_n that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o matter_n and_o form_n can_v explicate_v any_o thing_n or_o make_v a_o man_n one_o jot_n the_o wise_a and_o indeed_o in_o case_n the_o asserter_n of_o they_o do_v stay_v in_o these_o common_a expression_n and_o not_o draw_v many_o clear_a consequence_n from_o they_o give_v a_o far_a account_n of_o they_o the_o bare_a say_v there_o be_v such_o partâ—_n so_o name_v will_v be_v as_o insignificant_a as_o to_o talk_v of_o occult_a quality_n 4._o to_o rectify_v this_o misconceit_n of_o they_o composition_n spring_v from_o a_o just_a prejudice_n against_o mere_a school-term_n the_o aristotelian_o defend_v themselves_o by_o declare_v their_o mean_v to_o be_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n do_v ground_n those_o diverse_a notionâ—_n of_o itself_o in_o we_o that_o the_o facundity_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o thing_n not_o be_v comprehensible_a at_o one_o view_n by_o our_o short_a sight_a understanding_n which_o know_v nothing_o here_o but_o by_o impression_n on_o our_o sense_n which_o be_v distinct_a and_o of_o many_o sort_n force_v we_o to_o frame_v inadequate_a or_o partial_a conception_n of_o it_o and_o because_o we_o can_v speak_v of_o a_o thing_n otherwise_o than_o as_o we_o conceive_v it_o hence_o we_o can_v true_o say_v one_o of_o those_o notion_n or_o conception_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o the_o other_o which_o yet_o mean_v no_o more_o but_o that_o that_o thing_n as_o thus_o conceive_a be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o otherwise_o conceive_a or_o that_o the_o thing_n as_o work_v by_o my_o sense_n upon_o my_o understanding_n thus_o be_v not_o the_o thing_n as_o work_v by_o the_o same_o or_o another_o sense_n upon_o my_o understanding_n otherwise_o whence_o because_o what_o correspond_v to_o both_o these_o conception_n or_o notion_n be_v find_v in_o the_o same_o thing_n hence_o they_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o composition_n of_o they_o both_o in_o the_o thing_n itself_o which_o be_v no_o more_o in_o reality_n but_o that_o there_o be_v find_v in_o that_o thing_n what_o correspond_v to_o and_o ground_n both_o these_o conception_n essential_a 5._o far_o they_o declare_v that_o since_o nature_n show_v we_o that_o the_o thing_n may_v be_v change_v according_a to_o somewhat_o in_o it_o that_o answer_v to_o one_o of_o these_o conception_n notion_n or_o nature_n and_o not_o change_v according_a to_o what_o answer_v to_o the_o other_o hence_o we_o must_v be_v force_v to_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o divisibility_n between_o they_o in_o the_o thing_n answer_v to_o the_o foresay_a composition_n and_o consequent_o a_o capacity_n of_o formal_a mutation_n by_o which_o the_o thing_n may_v be_v change_v accord_v to_o one_o of_o they_o viz._n the_o form_n and_o not_o change_v according_a to_o the_o matter_n whether_o that_o form_n remain_v or_o no_o after_o such_o a_o change_n be_v another_o point_n and_o extrinsical_a to_o our_o present_a business_n 6._o for_o instance_n we_o experience_n that_o that_o thing_n we_o call_v wood_n be_v change_v into_o another_o thing_n call_v fire_n instance_n and_o therefore_o unless_o we_o will_v say_v that_o wood_n be_v annihilate_v and_o fire_v create_v in_o its_o room_n which_o we_o be_v forbid_v to_o do_v by_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o its_o be_v change_v into_o another_o there_o must_v have_v be_v somewhat_o in_o wood_n by_o which_o it_o be_v actual_o such_o a_o thing_n before_o the_o change_n be_v make_v and_o which_o be_v lose_v by_o its_o be_v change_v into_o fire_n and_o also_o somewhat_o in_o it_o which_o remain_v in_o the_o fire_n into_o which_o it_o be_v change_v the_o former_a they_o call_v the_o form_n the_o late_a the_o matter_n and_o thence_o conclude_v there_o must_v have_v be_v a_o composition_n of_o matter_n and_o form_n in_o the_o wood._n and_o since_o all_o mankind_n agree_v that_o wood_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o fire_n another_o thing_n hence_o essence_n be_v the_o form_n that_o constitute_v a_o ens_fw-la or_o make_v it_o formal_o a_o thing_n they_o do_v far_o affirm_v that_o that_o which_o be_v in_o fire_n and_o make_v we_o denominate_v it_o such_o a_o thing_n or_o ens_fw-la be_v a_o essential_a form_n and_o because_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o wood_n have_v or_o rather_o be_v a_o power_n to_o have_v such_o a_o form_n as_o make_v it_o now_o to_o be_v wood_n and_o also_o a_o power_n to_o be_v afterward_o fire_n hence_o they_o say_v that_o that_o thing_n ens_fw-la or_o substance_n we_o call_v wood_n do_v consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n or_o be_v compound_v of_o they_o that_o be_v wood_n have_v true_o in_o it_o what_o correspond_v to_o both_o these_o nature_n or_o notion_n last_o because_o wood_n be_v change_v according_a to_o one_o of_o they_o only_o viz._n the_o form_n hence_o they_o conclude_v there_o be_v formal_a mutation_n make_v in_o the_o wood_n which_o therefore_o be_v a_o change_n according_a to_o somewhat_o that_o be_v most_o intrinsical_v to_o it_o because_o it_o change_v its_o essence_n by_o make_v it_o become_v another_o thing_n and_o consequent_o that_o change_n be_v a_o essential_a one_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n concern_v formal_a composition_n and_o mutation_n which_o be_v essential_a accidental_a 7._o but_o beside_o this_o formal_a composition_n and_o the_o divisibility_n of_o that_o essential_a part_n call_v the_o form_n from_o the_o matter_n which_o we_o have_v now_o speak_v of_o there_o be_v moreover_o say_v the_o peripatetic_n another_o sort_n of_o formal_a composition_n and_o mutation_n which_o be_v accidental_a for_o even_o
to_o the_o wall_n and_o if_o the_o word_n extrinsical_o change_v have_v not_o this_o meaning_n they_o can_v have_v no_o sense_n but_o be_v altogether_o inexplicable_a to_o be_v clothe_v be_v a_o extrinsical_a denomination_n to_o the_o man_n on_o who_o clothes_n be_v put_v but_o then_o the_o clothes_n suffer_v a_o intrinsical_a change_n of_o their_o figure_n and_o perhaps_o their_o quantity_n by_o be_v fit_v and_o acomodate_v to_o the_o body_n of_o that_o man_n and_o the_o air_n suffer_v the_o same_o while_o the_o action_n or_o motion_n of_o clothing_n be_v perform_v to_o be_v move_v local_o be_v a_o extrinsical_a denomination_n to_o the_o body_n that_o be_v move_v but_o then_o local_a motion_n be_v a_o division_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o that_o motion_n be_v make_v there_o be_v a_o intrinsical_a change_n in_o the_o medium_fw-la divide_v and_o a_o new_a continuity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o thing_n move_v to_o new_a part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v acquire_v which_o be_v a_o quantitative_a and_o therefore_o a_o intrinsical_a mutation_n whence_o the_o extrinsical_a denomination_n of_o moved_n accrue_v too_o the_o move_v body_n beside_o it_o be_v scarce_o possible_a in_o nature_n where_o there_o can_v be_v no_o action_n without_o some_o degree_n of_o reaction_n but_o the_o body_n itself_o that_o be_v move_v must_v undergo_v some_o small_a change_n but_o now_o in_o the_o scheme_n of_o epicurus_n his_o philosophy_n all_o thing_n be_v quite_o otherwise_o since_o neither_o the_o vacuum_n nor_o the_o atom_n and_o he_o put_v nothing_o else_o even_o according_a to_o his_o own_o doctrine_n be_v in_o the_o least_o degree_n capable_a of_o change_n wherefore_o he_o be_v convince_v to_o deny_v this_o self-evident_a maxim_n idem_n manens_fw-la idem_fw-la semper_fw-la facit_fw-la idem_fw-la while_n he_o must_v affirm_v that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o new_a effect_n viz._n that_o new_a notion_n and_o denomination_n without_o any_o novelty_n or_o change_n in_o the_o cause_n or_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v he_o must_v put_v a_o new_a effect_n without_o any_o new_a cause_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o a_o effect_n without_o a_o cause_n mutation_n 18._o but_o leave_v he_o and_o turn_v our_o discourse_n to_o our_o modern_a corpuscularian_n the_o cartesian_o these_o philosopher_n tell_v we_o the_o particle_n of_o their_o maâ—ter_n be_v crumble_v or_o shatter_v by_o rub_v against_o one_o another_o wherefore_o their_o matter_n and_o each_o part_n of_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n before_o it_o be_v move_v and_o now_o be_v by_o motion_n become_v many_o thing_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o all_o of_o they_o be_v entity_n before_o their_o motion_n since_o both_o that_o whole_a mass_n of_o matter_n and_o each_o of_o the_o first_o divide_v part_n be_v antecedent_o to_o the_o division_n capable_a of_o exist_v apart_o and_o presupposed_a to_o the_o division_n as_o the_o subject_a of_o it_o wherefore_o both_o that_o whole_a bulk_n of_o matter_n and_o each_o of_o those_o part_n by_o lose_v their_o unity_n do_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la lose_v their_o entity_n too_o and_o consequent_o the_o respective_a form_n that_o constitute_v they_o such_o entity_n which_o be_v the_o great_a formal_a and_o intrinsical_a mutation_n that_o can_v be_v and_o far_o great_a even_o by_o their_o own_o doctrine_n than_o can_v be_v make_v afterward_o according_a to_o any_o accident_n or_o modification_n of_o those_o foresay_a entity_n 19_o again_o since_o motion_n can_v be_v make_v in_o a_o instant_a that_o mass_n of_o matter_n must_v be_v grant_v to_o have_v be_v create_v that_o be_v to_o have_v have_v be_v antecedent_o in_o priority_n of_o nature_n to_o motion_n wherefore_o it_o have_v in_o that_o instant_a some_o kind_n of_o intrinsecal_n nature_n and_o somewhat_o in_o it_o which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v of_o that_o nature_n hence_o i_o argue_v thus_o that_o nature_n and_o the_o form_n that_o constitute_v it_o be_v either_o lose_v when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v and_o then_o it_o be_v intrinsical_o and_o formal_o change_v or_o else_o it_o retain_v that_o nature_n after_o it_o be_v divide_v and_o then_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o that_o mass_n be_v diminish_v that_o be_v change_v according_a to_o its_o extension_n in_o regard_n the_o great_a extension_n of_o that_o original_a mass_n be_v now_o make_v lesle_n and_o yet_o be_v unchanged_a according_a to_o its_o nature_n let_v they_o take_v which_o of_o these_o they_o please_v they_o must_v unavoidable_o yield_v there_o be_v formal_a mutation_n in_o the_o former_a case_n of_o its_o essence_n in_o the_o late_a of_o its_o extension_n and_o a_o formal_a divisibility_n in_o it_o either_o of_o its_o form_n from_o its_o matter_n or_o of_o its_o extension_n from_o its_o nature_n or_o essence_n in_o regard_v it_o be_v by_o motion_n change_v according_a to_o the_o one_o and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o other_o but_o now_o in_o case_n they_o make_v as_o they_o do_v extension_n to_o be_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o that_o matter_n formal_a mutation_n be_v make_v more_o unavoidable_a and_o must_v be_v grant_v even_o by_o themselves_o matter_n 20._o to_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o this_o demonstration_n more_o clear_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o cartesian_o do_v not_o make_v their_o first_o matter_n to_o be_v only_o a_o abstract_a conception_n of_o a_o ens_fw-la or_o body_n as_o it_o have_v in_o it_o a_o power_n to_o have_v a_o form_n and_o so_o to_o be_v a_o thing_n as_o the_o aristotelian_o do_v for_o which_o reason_n they_o right_o and_o acute_o define_v or_o rather_o describe_v it_o as_o thus_o abstract_v by_o our_o consideration_n to_o be_v neque_fw-la quid_fw-la neque_fw-la quantum_fw-la neque_fw-la quale_n neque_fw-la aliquod_fw-la aliud_fw-la eorum_fw-la quibus_fw-la ens_fw-la determinatur_fw-la in_o regard_n that_o as_o thus_o consider_v it_o be_v a_o mere_a power_n to_o be_v any_o of_o they_o or_o all_o of_o they_o that_o be_v none_o of_o they_o actual_o but_o they_o put_v their_o first_o matter_n to_o be_v inform_v otherwise_o they_o can_v not_o put_v it_o to_o have_v extension_n in_o it_o which_o must_v necessary_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v a_o form_n either_o essential_o constitute_v it_o or_o some_o accident_n or_o modification_n of_o some_o thing_n that_o have_v a_o substantial_a form_n whence_o they_o must_v hold_v that_o their_o first_o matter_n be_v a_o ens_fw-la or_o complete_a thing_n that_o be_v complete_o capable_a of_o exist_v which_o appear_v far_o by_o its_o terminate_n the_o action_n of_o creation_n the_o peculiar_a effect_n of_o which_o be_v to_o give_v actual_a be_v which_o conclude_v it_o to_o have_v be_v complete_a under_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la since_o it_o be_v self-evident_a that_o that_o can_v actual_o be_v which_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o be_v that_o be_v which_o be_v not_o a_o ens._n this_o note_n reflect_v on_o it_o be_v manifest_v it_o must_v have_v a_o nature_n of_o its_o own_o and_o somewhat_o in_o it_o to_o constitute_v that_o nature_n or_o some_o essential_a form_n and_o so_o be_v formal_o mutable_a whether_o extension_n be_v that_o form_n or_o no_o as_o be_v deduce_v by_o our_o argument_n §_o 19_o 21._o to_o come_v up_o close_o to_o they_o and_o enforce_v the_o evidence_n of_o our_o argument_n to_o a_o nonplusage_n of_o their_o cause_n we_o ask_v of_o what_o kind_n of_o consistency_n be_v that_o original_a matter_n into_o which_o god_n according_a to_o they_o do_v infuse_v the_o first_o motion_n and_o so_o divide_v it_o the_o very_a term_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o must_v have_v be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n either_o easy_a or_o hard_a to_o be_v divide_v nor_o do_v we_o ask_v the_o precise_a degree_n let_v they_o say_v it_o be_v either_o one_o or_o the_o other_o or_o a_o middle_a degree_n between_o both_o we_o be_v so_o reasonable_a it_o shall_v serve_v the_o turn_n it_o be_v then_o indifferent_a to_o our_o question_n in_o this_o perfect_a silence_n of_o they_o we_o will_v gâ—ess_v as_o well_o as_o we_o can_v at_o what_o they_o shall_v say_v as_o most_o congruous_a to_o their_o doctrine_n and_o so_o we_o will_v suppose_v it_o to_o be_v dense_n we_o inquire_v next_o in_o what_o consist_v this_o modification_n or_o affection_n of_o it_o call_v density_n or_o how_o they_o will_v explicate_v it_o motion_n have_v not_o yet_o begin_v in_o that_o instant_a in_o which_o it_o first_o be_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o which_o they_o put_v all_o quality_n and_o this_o among_o the_o rest_n to_o be_v produce_v if_o they_o shall_v say_v which_o yet_o i_o do_v not_o read_v they_o do_v nor_o so_o much_o as_o speak_v of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o their_o first_o matter_n that_o it_o consist_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n it_o be_v reply_v first_o that_o that_o matter_n have_v as_o yet_o no_o part_n for_o these_o be_v make_v by_o
motion_n which_o be_v not_o in_o that_o instant_a begin_v or_o if_o they_o mean_v only_o its_o potential_a part_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o one_o actual_a whole_a not_o to_o pose_v they_o by_o what_o virtue_n those_o potential_a part_n do_v formal_o cohere_v which_o without_o make_v divisibility_n which_o be_v quantitative_a unity_n or_o continuity_n the_o essence_n of_o quantity_n be_v impossible_a to_o explicate_v the_o question_n return_v and_o we_o demand_v how_o firm_o those_o part_n do_v cling_v together_o that_o be_v how_o dense_n that_o whole_o be_v and_o in_o what_o its_o density_n consist_v which_o we_o affirm_v must_v have_v be_v either_o in_o its_o intrinsical_a nature_n or_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o consistency_n which_o be_v in_o its_o be_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n more_o or_o less_o divisible_a by_o natural_a cause_n or_o in_o nothing_o again_o if_o density_n consist_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n and_o there_o be_v most_o perfect_a rest_n before_o there_o be_v any_o motion_n than_o the_o density_n of_o it_o must_v have_v surpass_v all_o degree_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v have_v be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o epicurus_n his_o atom_n that_o be_v insuperable_o and_o essential_o incapable_a of_o be_v divide_v which_o they_o must_v not_o say_v who_o make_v their_o element_n make_v by_o the_o rub_v of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n against_o the_o other_o beside_o in_o thaâ—_n supposition_n god_n as_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n have_v offer_v violence_n to_o his_o own_o creation_n by_o divide_v it_o immediate_o at_o first_o last_o that_o matter_n be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n indifferent_a to_o be_v move_v or_o not-moved_a that_o be_v indifferent_a to_o rest_n or_o motion_n for_o be_v and_o extension_n abstract_a from_o both_o whereas_o in_o our_o case_n density_n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v have_v it_o be_v rare_a be_v natural_a to_o it_o and_o not_o adventitious_a or_o accidental_a by_o the_o operation_n of_o external_n cause_n it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v indifferent_a to_o it_o since_o every_o thing_n necessary_o require_v what_o be_v natural_a to_o itself_o nor_o be_v a_o thing_n mere_o by_o its_o be_v in_o rest_n of_o another_o nature_n to_o understand_v this_o more_o clear_o let_v we_o consider_v this_o proposition_n that_o thing_n call_v the_o first_o matter_n be_v in_o rest_n it_o be_v about_o the_o essence_n or_o nature_n or_o intrinsecal_n quality_n of_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o proposition_n we_o be_v inquire_v to_o which_o supervene_v that_o accidental_a predicate_v of_o be_v in_o rest._n wherefore_o to_o be_v in_o rest_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o intrinsecal_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n but_o presuppose_v they_o and_o therefore_o all_o its_o intrinsecal_n must_v have_v belong_v to_o it_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n whether_o it_o have_v happen_v to_o be_v in_o rest_n or_o in_o motion_n 22._o density_n then_o in_o their_o first_o matter_n can_v be_v explicate_v by_o rest_n nor_o consequent_o mutation_n rarity_n by_o motion_n let_v we_o search_v then_o far_o in_o what_o we_o can_v conceive_v it_o to_o consist_v or_o how_o it_o may_v be_v explicate_v now_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o all_o particular_a nature_n or_o notion_n be_v to_o be_v explicate_v by_o more_o common_a and_o general_a one_o if_o we_o go_v to_o work_v like_o philosopher_n for_o all_o ground_n and_o principle_n be_v make_v up_o of_o such_o notion_n as_o be_v common_a or_o universal_a one_o and_o to_o explicate_v particular_n by_o other_o particular_n be_v the_o way_n of_o proceed_v by_o similitude_n which_o may_v serve_v sometime_o to_o elucidate_n but_o never_o to_o prove_v or_o to_o resolve_v any_o thing_n or_o notion_n into_o its_o formal_a cause_n which_o belong_v proper_o to_o philosopher_n we_o find_v then_o abstract_v fâ—om_a rest_n and_o motion_n which_o be_v accidental_a to_o that_o matter_n no_o notion_n or_o nature_n in_o it_o that_o can_v be_v superior_a to_o density_n and_o rarity_n but_o the_o essence_n of_o it_o that_o be_v that_o thing_n itself_o call_v the_o first_o matter_n and_o its_o quantity_n and_o quantity_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o as_o affect_v the_o body_n mere_o in_o order_n to_o its_o self_n or_o else_o in_o order_n to_o the_o cause_n that_o may_v work_v upon_o it_o the_o former_a we_o call_v extension_n the_o latter_a divisibility_n physical_o consider_v now_o density_n can_v any_o way_n be_v explicate_v by_o extension_n as_o that_o in_o which_o it_o consist_v as_o be_v most_o evident_a in_o regard_n a_o body_n may_v be_v equal_o extend_v whether_o it_o be_v rare_a or_o dense_n nor_o be_v any_o thing_n therefore_o rare_a or_o denser_n because_o it_o be_v long_o or_o shorter_n let_v we_o apply_v then_o our_o consideration_n to_o divisibility_n take_v in_o the_o sense_n speak_v off_o late_o viz._n as_o make_v its_o subject_a apt_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o or_o divide_v by_o natural_a cause_n and_o the_o proper_a and_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o every_o common_a notion_n be_v more_o and_o less_o and_o it_o be_v also_o evident_a from_o the_o very_a notion_n and_o from_o the_o consent_n of_o mankind_n that_o we_o call_v those_o body_n dense_n which_o be_v less_o easy_a to_o be_v divide_v or_o less_o divisible_a and_o those_o rare_a which_o be_v more_o divisible_a or_o more_o easy_a to_o be_v divide_v we_o be_v in_o a_o fair_a way_n to_o find_v out_o clear_o what_o rarity_n and_o density_n do_v consist_v in_o viz._n rarity_n in_o a_o excess_n or_o great_a proportion_n of_o quantity_n thus_o consider_v to_o the_o matter_n or_o subject_n of_o it_o and_o density_n in_o a_o lesser_a proportion_n of_o the_o same_o quantity_n to_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v to_o the_o subject_a of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o it_o as_o matter_n nor_o do_v this_o more_o strain_v our_o reason_n to_o conceive_v this_o various_a participation_n of_o the_o same_o accident_n quantity_n than_o it_o do_v to_o conceive_v a_o thing_n to_o partake_v the_o quality_n of_o whiteness_n unequal_o and_o be_v more_o or_o less_o white_a for_o that_o maxim_n of_o quantitas_fw-la non_fw-la suscipit_fw-la magis_fw-la &_o minus_fw-la be_v mean_v evident_o of_o extension_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o least_o imaginable_a extension_n be_v add_v or_o abstract_v from_o the_o former_a must_v necessary_o vary_v the_o species_n 23._o that_o we_o may_v bear_v up_o more_o direct_o to_o our_o main_a thesis_n since_o rarity_n another_o or_o else_o density_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o their_o first_o matter_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v at_o all_o divisible_a by_o natural_a cause_n but_o it_o must_v be_v either_o easy_o or_o hardly_o divisible_a by_o they_o if_o we_o join_v to_o this_o that_o contraria_fw-la according_a to_o the_o maxim_n sunt_fw-la circa_fw-la idem_fw-la subjectum_fw-la it_o will_v and_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o same_o matter_n whether_o they_o or_o we_o that_o have_v a_o power_n in_o it_o to_o be_v less_o divisible_a or_o dense_n have_v also_o a_o power_n in_o it_o to_o be_v more_o divisible_a or_o rare_a and_o this_o not_o only_o in_o the_o first_o matter_n itself_o but_o also_o in_o every_o particular_a body_n in_o nature_n make_v of_o it_o and_o which_o have_v the_o nature_n of_o that_o matter_n in_o it_o whence_o result_v this_o conclusion_n that_o rare_a body_n be_v transmutable_a into_o dense_n and_o dense_n into_o rare_a and_o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v formal_a mutation_n in_o body_n according_a to_o these_o two_o primary_n quality_n and_o consequent_o according_a to_o all_o secondary_a quality_n too_o which_o as_o will_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o physics_n be_v make_v up_o of_o those_o primary_n one_o so_o that_o most_o of_o the_o effect_n in_o nature_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o formal_a mutation_n nor_o consequent_o can_v nature_n be_v ever_o right_o explicate_v by_o the_o denier_n of_o such_o a_o formal_a change_n 24._o let_v it_o be_v well_o note_v that_o i_o speak_v not_o in_o this_o last_o discourse_n of_o contradictory_n which_o have_v no_o middle_a between_o they_o and_o therefore_o can_v have_v the_o same_o matter_n or_o subject_n or_o make_v it_o changeable_a from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o because_o body_n be_v divisible_a it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o subject_a can_v be_v change_v to_o indivisible_a what_o i_o discourse_n of_o and_o from_o whence_o in_o part_n i_o draw_v my_o argument_n be_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o contrary_n which_o be_v two_o extreme_n under_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o quality_n and_o therefore_o have_v middling_a quality_n between_o both_o by_o pass_v through_o which_o as_o by_o degree_n or_o step_n the_o body_n be_v transmutable_a from_o one_o of_o they_o into_o the_o other_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o neither_o extreme_a be_v infinite_o such_o and_o therefore_o
turn_v it_o to_o a_o quite_o different_a sense_n for_o mr._n le_fw-fr grave_v 11._o come_v to_o give_v we_o account_v of_o the_o divisibility_n of_o this_o matter_n where_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a place_n to_o acquaint_v we_o to_o what_o degree_n it_o be_v divisible_a into_o particle_n by_o natural_a cause_n he_o start_v aside_o to_o tell_v we_o that_o be_v quantitative_a it_o be_v divisible_a in_o infinitum_fw-la which_o be_v quite_o beside_o our_o purpose_n this_o be_v a_o mathematical_a divisibility_n whereas_o a_o physical_a divisibility_n or_o a_o disposition_n to_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first-made_a part_n be_v only_o that_o which_o can_v concern_v his_o scheme_n or_o do_v it_o any_o service_n for_o have_v it_o be_v insuperable_o dense_n or_o hard_n as_o epicurus_n fancy_v his_o atom_n they_o can_v not_o have_v be_v divide_v at_o all_o nor_o consequent_o his_o three_o element_n have_v be_v make_v or_o have_v it_o be_v rare_a or_o soft_a one_o part_n will_v have_v stick_v to_o another_o and_o can_v not_o have_v be_v shatter_v and_o crumble_v into_o those_o most_o subtle_a part_n which_o make_v his_o first_o element_n to_o declare_v then_o how_o and_o of_o what_o nature_n it_o be_v in_o this_o respect_n shall_v have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o principle_n in_o his_o physics_n his_o whole_a hypothesis_n depend_v on_o it_o whereas_o it_o be_v not_o a_o straw_n matter_n whether_o it_o be_v divisible_a in_o infinitum_fw-la or_o no_o so_o it_o be_v but_o divisible_a into_o part_n little_a enough_o to_o make_v their_o first_o element_n and_o the_o rest_n i_o must_v then_o in_o behalf_n of_o truth_n declare_v that_o their_o avoid_v this_o point_n so_o necessary_a to_o their_o own_o scheme_n and_o to_o the_o explication_n of_o nature_n be_v a_o most_o manifest_a prevarication_n arise_v hence_o that_o they_o can_v notwithstanding_o they_o be_v man_n of_o great_a wit_n make_v any_o sense_n of_o it_o according_a to_o their_o principle_n 36._o but_o though_o they_o do_v not_o treat_v of_o the_o divisibility_n of_o their_o matter_n de_fw-fr professo_fw-la and_o purposely_o as_o they_o ought_v yet_o it_o be_v scarce_o possible_a but_o they_o must_v against_o their_o will_n be_v force_v to_o say_v something_o at_o unaware_o of_o the_o intrinsecal_n nature_n of_o their_o matter_n as_o either_o easy_o or_o hardly_o divisible_a while_o they_o go_v about_o to_o explicate_v themselves_o error_n then_o be_v the_o best_a confuter_n of_o itself_o let_v we_o see_v what_o they_o say_v of_o it_o the_o ingenious_a gentleman_n now_o mention_v 6._o tell_v we_o that_o their_o first_o element_n be_v make_v of_o particle_n which_o like_o shave_n be_v rub_v off_o by_o motion_n from_o body_n now_o since_o their_o matter_n be_v hold_v by_o they_o to_o be_v homogeneous_a or_o uniform_a a_o man_n will_v very_o think_v by_o those_o expression_n that_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o matter_n be_v dense_n hard_a or_o in_o a_o manner_n friable_a or_o crumble_a for_o what_o be_v rare_a soft_a and_o tenacious_a can_v be_v conceive_v proper_a or_o fit_a to_o be_v crumble_v or_o shatter_v into_o such_o very_a small_a dust_n by_o rub_v yet_o the_o same_o author_n 6._o tell_v we_o the_o particle_n of_o their_o first_o element_n be_v slender_a and_o flexible_a accommodate_v themselves_o to_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o body_n they_o be_v contiguous_a to_o by_o which_o expression_n one_o will_v very_o imagine_v they_o to_o be_v fluid_a soft_a moist_a or_o yield_v rather_o than_o of_o a_o solid_a or_o hard_a nature_n for_o only_o such_o can_v accommodate_v themselves_o to_o other_o body_n on_o all_o occasion_n so_o that_o he_o make_v it_o at_o once_o to_o be_v both_o hard_a and_o soft_a as_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o break_v and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n very_o apt_a to_o ply_v and_o bow_v too_o that_o be_v he_o put_v contrary_a quality_n in_o the_o same_o uniform_a matter_n which_o show_v manifest_o that_o they_o know_v not_o what_o to_o make_v of_o it_o nor_o how_o to_o speak_v coherent_o concern_v it_o and_o withal_o that_o which_o be_v the_o true_a genius_n of_o hypothetical_n philosopher_n they_o blow_v and_o sup_v at_o once_o and_o say_v any_o thing_n that_o suit_n with_o their_o present_a occasion_n it_o be_v for_o their_o turn_n to_o make_v they_o very_o flexible_a for_o otherwise_o it_o have_v be_v impossible_a to_o avoid_v vacuum_n whenas_o million_o of_o those_o atom_n be_v jumble_v together_o which_o have_v they_o be_v solid_a have_v retain_v their_o figure_n and_o then_o vacuum_n must_v have_v fill_v the_o little_a interstice_n and_o it_o be_v very_o fit_v too_o they_o shall_v be_v hard_a and_o friable_a otherwise_o they_o can_v never_o have_v be_v shatter_v by_o rub_v into_o such_o minute_n dust_n as_o they_o have_v design_v to_o make_v their_o first_o element_n of_o so_o that_o they_o play_v fast_o and_o loose_a with_o their_o reader_n and_o no_o wonder_n we_o know_v not_o where_o to_o have_v they_o when_o they_o do_v not_o know_v where_o they_o be_v themselves_o 36._o the_o same_o untoward_a way_n they_o take_v in_o express_v themselves_o sometime_o as_o if_o they_o and_o we_o do_v perfect_o agree_v in_o our_o sentiment_n and_o because_o the_o goodness_n of_o our_o common_a reason_n teach_v we_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v in_o it_o they_o do_v therefore_o allow_v our_o well-meant_a word_n and_o talk_v of_o intrinsecal_n form_n both_o essential_a and_o accidental_a which_o grant_v they_o can_v deny_v formal_a mutation_n mr._n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr part_n 6._o cap._n 24._o §_o 9_o 10_o 11._o give_v we_o all_o these_o good_a word_n though_o he_o choose_v sometime_o rather_o to_o use_v the_o word_n modification_n then_o form_n and_o in_o his_o §_o 10_o 11._o he_o discourse_v altogether_o as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o aristotelian_a but_o alas_o what_o trust_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o mere_a word_n for_o come_v to_o the_o §_o 12._o he_o tell_v we_o plain_o his_o true_a mean_v which_o be_v as_o opposite_a to_o we_o though_o use_v the_o same_o word_n as_o the_o two_o pole_n be_v to_o one_o another_o viz._n that_o in_o the_o generation_n of_o plant_n and_o beast_n a_o new_a substance_n be_v no_o more_o produce_v than_o in_o the_o frame_v a_o statue_n or_o build_v a_o house_n which_o he_o there_o exemplify_v in_o some_o particular_n and_o then_o conclude_v that_o generation_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o translation_n or_o new_a range_v of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o that_o this_o be_v alike_o in_o natural_a and_o artifieial_a composition_n but_o by_o his_o leave_n if_o he_o that_o build_v a_o house_n do_v not_o know_v the_o intrinsecal_n temperament_n or_o consistency_n of_o his_o material_n viz._n that_o stone_n be_v dense_n or_o hard_n and_o therefore_o most_o fit_a to_o be_v the_o foundation_n that_o wood_n be_v dense_n and_o light_a and_o so_o more_o fit_a for_o the_o superstructure_n last_o that_o mortar_n be_v soft_a at_o first_o but_o hard_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v dry_a and_o so_o be_v most_o fit_a to_o bind_v the_o stone_n together_o i_o be_o afraid_a that_o if_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o these_o and_o such_o like_a particular_n he_o will_v make_v but_o a_o ruinous_a and_o bungle_a piece_n of_o work_n of_o it_o though_o he_o be_v never_o so_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o act_n of_o range_v the_o part_n of_o the_o several_a material_n artificial_o or_o mathematical_o and_o as_o have_v be_v show_v no_o man_n live_v no_o not_o themselves_o can_v give_v any_o account_n of_o the_o consistency_n of_o their_o matter_n which_o be_v the_o only_a material_a of_o which_o they_o build_v pardon_n the_o bull_n they_o force_v we_o to_o their_o natural-artificial_a structure_n 37._o this_o then_o be_v his_o true_a sense_n and_o consequent_o the_o true_a doctrine_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v he_o of_o the_o cartesian_a school_n and_o the_o word_n form_n bear_v in_o its_o notion_n that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o matter_n and_o therefore_o be_v intrinsical_v to_o the_o thing_n and_o make_v it_o either_o another_o if_o it_o be_v a_o essential_a form_n or_o intrinsical_o otherwise_o or_o alter_v if_o it_o be_v a_o accidental_a one_o and_o it_o be_v likewise_o evident_a that_o the_o range_v the_o part_n of_o matter_n be_v only_o a_o outward_a application_n of_o they_o to_o one_o another_o which_o be_v mere_o a_o extrinsecal_n notion_n we_o may_v hence_o clear_o discover_v that_o they_o do_v not_o use_v the_o word_n form_n and_o intrinsecal_n in_o a_o proper_a and_o natural_a sense_n but_o utter_o pervert_v and_o abuse_v they_o 38._o by_o these_o expression_n of_o his_o late_o mention_v and_o their_o put_v nothing_o but_o extension_n in_o their_o matter_n which_o abstract_n from_o motion_n and_o natural_a action_n one_o will_v think_v they_o intend_v in_o stead_n of_o
physics_n to_o give_v we_o a_o piece_n of_o mere_a mathematics_n for_o bare_a extension_n fit_v it_o for_o no_o other_o science_n nor_o be_v we_o mistake_v in_o think_v so_o for_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o 24._o that_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v one_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n though_o the_o abstraction_n which_o in_o the_o place_n now_o mention_v he_o assign_v to_o quantity_n as_o a_o genus_fw-la be_v very_o odd_a and_o illogical_a for_o the_o abstraction_n of_o quantity_n from_o the_o thing_n or_o from_o motion_n be_v a_o abstraction_n of_o the_o accident_n from_o the_o subject_a or_o from_o another_o accident_n and_o therefore_o be_v quite_o another_o kind_n of_o abstraction_n than_o that_o of_o the_o genus_fw-la from_o the_o species_n and_o it_o look_v as_o if_o they_o hankered_a after_o plato_n explode_a conceit_n of_o a_o subsistent_a universal_a and_o that_o they_o will_v have_v their_o first_o matter_n contrary_a to_o all_o logic_n and_o good_a sense_n to_o be_v a_o body_n in_o common_a and_o therefore_o the_o genus_fw-la to_o all_o particular_a body_n nor_o can_v any_o thing_n sound_v more_o awkward_o then_o to_o make_v a_o mathematical_a treatise_n of_o physics_n but_o cartesius_n be_v a_o great_a master_n of_o mathematics_n than_o he_o be_v of_o physics_n and_o therefore_o have_v a_o vast_a design_n to_o reduce_v all_o nature_n and_o all_o philosophy_n within_o the_o purlew_n of_o his_o own_o art_n in_o which_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v he_o be_v very_o excellent_a 39_o but_o to_o lay_v yet_o a_o great_a force_n upon_o their_o backwardness_n to_o admit_v a_o formal_a change_n in_o body_n we_o come_v now_o to_o more_o palpable_a and_o plain_a instance_n not_o fetch_v from_o metaphysic_n but_o from_o obvious_a effect_n in_o nature_n which_o every_o man_n see_v and_o themselves_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v let_v we_o then_o take_v into_o our_o consideration_n a_o young_a lately-planted_n oak_n grow_v in_o a_o nursery_n which_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n spread_v itself_o into_o a_o vast_a tree_n dilate_v its_o large_a and_o massy_a branch_n on_o all_o side_n and_o over-shadowing_a a_o spacious_a extent_n of_o ground_n can_v any_o man_n deny_v but_o that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n or_o the_o same_o tree_n it_o be_v at_o first_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o evident_o not_o the_o same_o in_o quantity_n it_o be_v now_o a_o thousand_o time_n great_a than_o it_o be_v former_o it_o be_v manifest_a then_o that_o here_o be_v a_o real_a divisibility_n between_o its_o quantity_n and_o its_o entity_n or_o substance_n and_o a_o real_a mutation_n according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o quantity_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o infant_n grow_v up_o to_o be_v a_o man_n which_o when_o it_o be_v now_o bigger_n in_o quantity_n shall_v they_o deny_v to_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n or_o the_o same_o man_n it_o will_v make_v mad_a work_n in_o the_o world_n by_o take_v away_o title_n of_o inheritance_n and_o alter_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n the_o infant_n may_v perhaps_o retain_v his_o title_n for_o some_o very_a small_a time_n but_o the_o identity_n of_o it_o be_v lose_v by_o the_o accrue_n of_o new_a matter_n and_o new_a quantity_n he_o have_v forfeit_v his_o estate_n ever_o he_o come_v at_o age_n to_o understand_v or_o manage_v it_o by_o lose_v his_o essenee_n 41._o i_o know_v that_o our_o late_a philosopher_n will_v hope_v to_o evade_v this_o last_o instance_n by_o allege_v that_o the_o numerical_a identity_n of_o a_o man_n spring_v from_o his_o have_v the_o same_o soul_n which_o tenet_n be_v it_o proper_a to_o confute_v it_o here_o will_v prove_v as_o unreasonable_a and_o ill-grounded_a as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n i_o only_o note_v on_o the_o by_o that_o as_o it_o become_v god_n wisdom_n as_o he_o be_v author_n of_o nature_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o course_n of_o cause_n by_o fit_a disposition_n to_o the_o production_n of_o far_a and_o more_o noble_a effect_n and_o consequent_o to_o suit_n and_o proportion_n what_o supervene_v to_o what_o prae-exists_a and_o the_o embryo_n in_o our_o case_n praeexi_v and_o by_o have_v such_o disposition_n in_o it_o as_o make_v it_o fit_a to_o concur_v on_o its_o part_n to_o work_v rational_o to_o such_o a_o degree_n make_v it_o require_v to_o have_v for_o its_o form_n such_o a_o rational_a soul_n join_v with_o it_o and_o thence_o determine_v the_o author_n of_o nature_n to_o infuse_v it_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o they_o imagine_v viz._n that_o the_o soul_n be_v to_o be_v adjust_v and_o proportion_v to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o bodily_a part_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o soul_n be_v determinate_o such_o or_o of_o such_o a_o determinate_a degree_n of_o rationality_n which_o essential_o and_o numerical_o distinguish_v soul_n and_o man_n from_o one_o another_o as_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v infuse_v into_o and_o work_v with_o such_o a_o body_n and_o be_v not_o this_o so_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o explicate_v how_o original_a sin_n be_v connatural_o transfuse_v from_o adam_n or_o how_o the_o soul_n become_v taint_v by_o be_v unite_v to_o a_o body_n make_v 14.4_o ex_fw-la immundo_fw-la semine_fw-la but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a ill_a consequence_n that_o spring_v from_o this_o extravagant_a tenet_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o body_n or_o that_o man_n be_v in_o reality_n compound_v of_o two_o actual_a thing_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v place_v in_o any_o one_o line_n of_o the_o predicament_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o substance_n for_o that_o odd_a opinion_n do_v beside_o very_o much_o favour_n at_o least_o very_o well_o consist_v with_o the_o praeexistence_n of_o soul_n because_o if_o the_o soul_n be_v not_o proportion_v to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o corporeal_a part_n of_o man_n and_o so_o be_v true_o the_o form_n of_o it_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o assistant_n spirit_n only_o apt_a to_o join_v with_o it_o and_o promote_v it_o in_o its_o operation_n it_o may_v as_o well_o exist_v before_o the_o body_n as_o after_o it_o whence_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a for_o they_o to_o assign_v any_o solid_a reason_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o a_o spirit_n since_o it_o may_v indifferent_o fit_v other_o body_n or_o assist_v more_o of_o they_o why_o there_o may_v not_o be_v also_o a_o transmigration_n of_o soul_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o for_o it_o will_v be_v in_o that_o case_n no_o more_o but_o shift_v their_o office_n and_o assist_v now_o one_o of_o they_o then_o another_o not_o to_o mention_v how_o this_o doctrine_n as_o be_v discourse_v in_o the_o preface_n tend_v to_o introduce_v a_o kind_n of_o fanaticism_n into_o the_o philosophy_n school_n by_o make_v all_o their_o thought_n run_v upon_o nothing_o but_o spiritual_a conceit_n and_o innate_a idea_n and_o have_v a_o spiritual_a communication_n with_o god_n when_o they_o know_v any_o natural_a truth_n after_o a_o unintelligible_a manner_n not_o consider_v that_o man_n in_o this_o mortal_a state_n here_o be_v true_o one_o part_n or_o piece_n of_o nature_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o impression_n of_o natural_a cause_n affect_v he_o both_z as_o to_o his_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a capacity_n according_a to_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o those_o different_a recipient_n 41._o but_o to_o return_v whence_o we_o divert_v let_v man_n and_o his_o individuality_n alone_o what_o can_v they_o say_v to_o the_o former_a instance_n of_o a_o young_a oak_n or_o of_o any_o other_o vegetable_a or_o animal_n increase_v to_o its_o full_a growth_n which_o all_o mankind_n agree_v to_o be_v still_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o yet_o not_o the_o same_o in_o quantity_n it_o be_v not_o hence_o unanswerable_o evident_a that_o there_o be_v a_o formal_a mutation_n according_a to_o its_o quantity_n and_o not_o according_a to_o its_o entity_n and_o therefore_o a_o formal_a composition_n and_o divisibility_n in_o it_o according_a to_o those_o two_o respect_n they_o can_v say_v they_o be_v the_o same_o physical_o or_o the_o same_o physical_a compound_v for_o since_o all_o natural_a body_n according_a to_o their_o doctrine_n be_v make_v sole_o of_o their_o first_o matter_n or_o of_o the_o particle_n make_v of_o it_o where_o there_o be_v incomparable_o more_o matter_n there_o must_v be_v a_o new-compound_a or_o a_o new_a body_n in_o regard_n more_o and_o less_o must_v be_v the_o difference_n of_o every_o notion_n in_o the_o same_o line_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v wherefore_o more_o or_o less_o of_o the_o matter_n it_o be_v inform_v and_o so_o true_o a_o ens_fw-la or_o a_o body_n ought_v to_o outweigh_v in_o constitute_v particular_a body_n or_o entity_n all_o consideration_n of_o accidental_a notion_n or_o modification_n of_o