Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
nature_n	conclude_v	diligence_n	great_a	20	3	2.0850	3	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05313	The touchstone of complexions generallye appliable, expedient and profitable for all such, as be desirous & carefull of their bodylye health : contayning most easie rules & ready tokens, whereby euery one may perfectly try, and throughly know, as well the exacte state, habite, disposition, and constitution, of his owne body outwardly : as also the inclinations, affections, motions, & desires of his mynd inwardly / first written in Latine, by Leuine Lemnie ; and now Englished by Thomas Newton.; De habitu et constitutione corporis. English	Lemnius, Levinus, 1505-1568.; Newton, Thomas, 1542?-1607.	1576 (1576)	STC 15456; ESTC S93449	168,180	353

being otherwyse so woÌ„derfully seuere and crabbed yet at the wyne was so pleasaunt and conceiptuous hee merelye aunswered that he was like to a kinde of Pulse called Lupines Which kinde of Pulse although they be naturally bitter and by their bitternes of force to kill wormes yet the same being steeped soaked in water renounce and leaue all bitternes and become both sweete pleasaunt And this is naturally giuen to all men that when the body is refreshed wyth meate and drinck al bitternes sorrow and heauines is expelled and banished For the Spirites by moderate drinking of wyne are styrred vppe and the mind of man which in them that be fasting and hungry is faynt weake and like vnto fier raked ouer wyth ashes almost quenched is reuyued And this is the cause why a dead body is heauier theÌ„ a lyuing because all his Spirites are vanished and departed out of him and so likewyse is a fasting persoÌ„ heauier then one that hath filled his belly and one that slepeth waightier then one that watcheth And therfore my fashion is to aduise and counsell MelaÌ„cholique folkes and sullen natured personnes to vse banquetting and good cheere amonge honest and mery coÌ„pany For thus after Plato wryteth the Poet. Euen olde Dan Catoes stomacke oft By vvyne vvas made to come aloft Which man although churlish sterne frowning yet did wyne so much driue away his naturall seueritye and grimme countenaunce that amonge the other guestes he became a pleasaunte companion and of manners very gentle and familiar For this worthy Gentleman although otherwise he was a very precise comptroller and of Stoicall grauity perceyued wel ynough that maÌ„s nature required som relaxatioÌ„s delights and that it may not loÌ„g coÌ„tinue wythout som myrth pleasaunt recreation Let therefore euery man take surueigh of himself and serch out what his nature most desitreth in what state his body staÌ„deth what thinge it is that he feeleth himselfe to be holpen and what to be offended wythall And if he finde the plighte and state of his bodye to be in equability and perfect temperatenes it shal be good to cheerishe and preserue it wyth his like but if it shrinck from his sayd temperate habite and decline to an inteÌ„peratenes then had it neede to be holpen and recured wyth his contraryes Thus if a man throughe aboundance of humours and stoare of bloude and Spirites feele himselfe prone to carnalitie and fleshlye luste let him by altering his order diet enioyne to himselfe a more strict ordinary frame his dealings to a more stayed moderation But if hee feele himselfe to bee of nature somewhat sulleyne and sterne giueÌ„ somwhat to be wayward whyning testye churlishe and intractable then reason wylleth suche a one to bee reclaymed to an order and trade of life gentler and pleasaunter insomuch it shall not be ill for such a one to frequent dauÌ„cing singing womens flatteryes alluremeÌ„ts and embracings prouided alwayes that all the same be not otherwyse done nor ment but in honestye and comelines wythin a reasonable measure also within the bounds of lawfull wedlock For the state of Matrimony as Columella aduoucheth out of XenophoÌ„s booke of Household is in such sorte appoynted by nature that in it is conteyned not onely the pleasauÌ„test but also the profitablest societye of life And least mankinde in processe of tyme should come to an vtter ruine and decay it pleased God by this lawfull meanes to ioyne man and woman together that of theyr inseperable combinacion the state of man should might by mutual helpe one of an other be eased and coÌ„forted and that beside the loue and desire that they haue to bring furth children they mighte be tyed and bound together equally and indifferentlye to participate all fortune whatsoeuer shoulde betyde But for so much as approued and skilfull meÌ„ that haue written bookes for the mayntenaunce of mens health generally doe specially set downe these three principall thinges To eate moderately and leaue somevvhat vvith an appetite To vse conuenient exercise And to liue continently vvithout vvastinge seede of generation I take it to be the best waye to reduce the whole substaunce of the matter mayntenauÌ„ce of health to this prescribed rule and direction For seing that measurable repaste and feeding all surphet and glotony being banished maketh a sound body seing I say exercise by shaking of all drow tsinesse and slouth maketh the bodye stronge and liuely then no more but harkeÌ„ what a short lessoÌ„ Virgill giueth for the other No better vvaye the strength of minde And povvers thereof still to maintaine Then Venus play and Loue so blinde To shunne and vvarely to refrayne Â¶ Of the nature and differences of Spirits what they worke in mans body and what affections they cause The second Chapter FOrasmuche as the Spirite is the originall maintener and conueigher of naturall heate whereunto moysture necessarilye adhereth that the Soule by the mynisterye and ayde thereof perfourmeth her powers and faculties and atchieueth all her actions it is requisite here next to discourse vpon it and vppon all the differences thereof For seinge there be three especiall thinges in whose temperature and moderation the health of mans body doth priÌ„cipally coÌ„sist vz. vitall moysture naturall heate Spirite which combineth all thinges and imparteth his force vertue nature vnto them our present purpose being considered we cannot by order choose but of necessity must preseÌ„tly somwhat speake therof Vitall moysture is the nourishmente and matter of naturall heate whereupon it woorketh and by the benefite therof is maintayned and preserued With this Humour or vitall moysture is naturall heate fed and cheerished and from the same receyueth continuall mayntenaunce and from it participateth vitall power whereby all Creatures do liue are nourished encreased preserued procreated Spirite is the seate and caryer of Heate by whose helpe and mynisterye it is conueyed and sente by the conduites and passages of the Arteryes to euery seuerall part of the bodye Wherefore worthyly is this Spirite thought to be the chiefe and principal Instrument that procureth and executeth euery action These three do vnseperably cleaue together mutuallye helpe one an other and cannot be sundered wythout present death of the party and for this cause do wee thus in one definition expresse conclude and comprehend theyr force and nature wythin one definition Naturall heat is nothiÌ„g els but an originall humour wyth vitall spirite and heate totally moystened But forasmuch as Spirite conteyneth vitall heate and is of all the faculties ruler and directer spredeth it self most swiftly throughoute the whole body caryeth and extendeth his powers into euery part thereof vniuersally besyde this doth manifestly chauÌ„ge and alter the state both of body and minde therefore as the rest require great labour and diligeÌ„ce vpon them to be bestowed so specially vpon this is the chiefest care to be takeÌ„ to restore mayntein

exercise and such also as be of nature able to cutte and attenuate grosse and clammie Humours to dispell wyndinesse and suffer little or no Phlegmaticke excrementall Humour at all to rest within the body for by these not onely the bodye but the mynde also is caryed away and by affections shrewdlye mysseledde Preseruatiues and helpes for the Memorie with meanes and wayes to remoue and take away all inconueniences harmes and hindraunces thereof The iiij Chapter FOrasmuch as both the distemperature that is Cold Moyst and that also which is Colde and Dry growing into excesse and drawinge into extremitie oppresseth and deadly woundeth the Memory I haue thought good into this worke to inserte and enterlace some such notes as maye serue to the furtheraunce thereof and preseruatioÌ„ of it from all such myssehappes harmes and discoÌ„modities as in any wyse threaten thereunto annoyaunce And howe the same is to be done and brought to passe I purpose compendiouslye by the way to declare sythens not to Studentes only but to al sorts of men in general it shal be a thing right expedient and profitable For al the actions and dealinges either publike or priuate which a man taketh in hand and enterpryseth all his affayres cogitations deuyses meditations cares purposes and studyes all labour and industry the is taken for doing and speaking wherin is any exercise at all of the minde caÌ„not be brought aboute and accomplished withoute the helpe of Memorie For in this Treasure the speciallest chiefest parte of reason vnderstaÌ„ding and iudgment resteth and out of it as out of a moste rich and plentifull Storehouse is fetched and taken a coÌ„plete furniture of most hiddeÌ„ and farre fetched matters Which power and vertue of Memory if it further helpe vs not as a faythfull maintener and keeper of the things which wee deuise ymagine and learne all be it neuer so precious excellent goeth to wrack and is raked vp in obliuion The proper and peculiar place assigned allotted for Memorie is the Braine the mansion dwelling house of wit and all the Senses which being affected or by anye disteÌ„perature discrased all the functions and offices of nature are semblably passioned insomuch that wit reason vnderstaÌ„ding and iudgement being once empayred aud diminished there steppeth in place Sottage forgetfulnes amazednesse dotage folishnes lacke of right wits doltishnes idiocie Which affects imperfections may happen to meÌ„ many wayes as by some blow or wound in the head by some rupture or cracking of the Skull by some fall or coÌ„tuston by pestilent diseases maladies which of the contagion of Ayre on eche syde enclosinge vs inspyreth infection into our bodyes and besyde externall accidentes which sometime cannot well be auoyded there bee some harmes which through our owne wilfulnes and disorder wee heape vppon our selues incurring thereby much inconuenience and these be Surphettes Drunkennes Gluttonie vnseasonable watchinge meates colde and Phelgmaticke immoderate vse of Venery and carnall company wyth WomeÌ„ thereby the quicknes of witte is blunted and waxeth dull Reason Vnderstanding and Iudgement dymmed and the strength of nature in many so weakened and enfeebled that in three dayes space or more after vneth is it able to recouer the vigour lusty plight wherin it was before And not this discommodity alone but certaine other sicklie and foule affections insurge therevpon no lesse pernicious to the mind then daungerous to the body vtterlye ouerthrowinge oppressing and ruinating the power Memoratyue For euen as toomuch drynes of the brayne gotten through excessiue surphet lacke of expediente foode and Venerie is very hurtful to Memory because that quality is nothing apte to take anye impressions or fourmes of thinges for drynes hardnes taketh no printes nor Images so also toomuch moysture proceding of ydlenes slouth immoderat sleepe moyst meats quight destroy drowne Memory Moysture in deede is more capable wil soner take the print formes of things but by reasoÌ„ of softnes the same taryeth not but passeth away agayne euen as staÌ„pes or Seales being affixed and imprinted into substance or matter that is toomoyst liquide and fluible maketh therin no stampe forme or print but such as preseÌ„tly fleeteth and immediatly vanisheth awaye agayne Forasmuch therefore as the vertue and power Memoratiue consisteth in a sure faythful and stedfast keeping and conseruation of Images it foloweth that the same in ChildreÌ„ and in as many others as haue moyst Braynes is weak nothing retentiue Old folkes also haue the same imbecillity and forgetfulnes and the reason is because their braynes be so cold and dry that nothinge is able to enter or fyrmelye to bee imprynted therein and for these causes both sortes of them be obliuious and nothinge Memoratyue For of this as also of all the inward senses the power and facultie is according to the temperature of the Brayne For oute of the grosse substance of that part or wheÌ„ the Spyrits and Humours therein be grosse thicke and wyth manye vapours pestered proceedeth Obliuion slownes to vnderstande hardnes to conceyue Againe of a moyst Brayne that is too liquide commeth forth a dul or blunt sense and a Memory nothing retentyue but sonne forgetting And a dry ConstitutioÌ„ of the Brayne maketh a very weake and ill memory by reason that it wil not easely admit anye impression euen like vnto a piece of Leade Yron or Steele which will not easelye suffer the poynte of anye engrauinge Toole to enter and pearce into it A good stedfast and fryme Memory therefore is to be referred vnto the disposition and temperature of the Brayne this power of the minde is ascribed to the benefite of Nature but yet so that it may be holpeÌ„ and maynteyned in his perfect state by Arte and if perhaps it decay or take harme yet through care industry it may againe be restored And therfore special care must be employed and great diligence taken that the bodye may in perfect health and sound constitution be preserued that moderatioÌ„ both in life and diet be vsed always within the compasse of temperauÌ„ce and frugality that y meate be exactly concocted that the mynde be in peaceable tranquillitye and free from troublesome affections that no myssehappe betyde to disturbe and dimme the same for lustynesse of body mynde holesomnes of Ayre temperature of the Brayne perfect Constitution of all the SeÌ„ses the Spyrits both Animal Vital which proceede of y Humours being cleare and syncere bee greate helpers most auayleable preseruatyues for the maintenaunce of Memory For by these it happeneth that all the faculties of the Soule among which Memory is chiefe be fresh and perfect that nothing of al that which we eyther by view of eye cogitation witte learning or meditation conceyue slippeth oute of our remembraunce Yea many thinges that were thought to be cleane forgotteÌ„ and cancelled with obliuion be reuiued as fresh in Memory seeme to the eye

THE Touchstone of Complexions Generallye appliable expedient and profitable for all such as be desirous carefull of their bodylye health CONTAYNING MOST easie rules ready tokens where by euery one may perfectly try and throughly know aswell the exacte state habite disposition and constitution of his owne Body outwordly as also the inclinations affections motions desires of his mynd inwardly First written in Latine by Leuine Lemnie and now englished by Thomas Newton Nosce teips um Imprinted at London in Fleetesreete by Thomas Marsh Anno. 1576. â€ Cum Priuilegio TO THE RIGHT honorable his singuler good Lorde Sir VVilliam Brooke Knighte Baron Cobham and Lorde Warden of the Cinque Portes Thomas Newton his humble Orator wisheth long life encrease of honor vvith prosperous health and eternall felicitye SVndrye tymes right Honorable and my singuler good Lorde debating with my selfe the chiefe causes why Artes and disciplines do in these Alcyon dayes of ours so vniuersallye flourishe althoughe I knowe well ynoughe that sundrye men can coigne sundry reasons and alledge manifolde verdictes and probable argumentes therfore yet in my simple iudgement nothing more effectually whetteth the wittes of the studious nor more lustelye he awaketh the courages of the learned then doth the fauourable furtheraunce and cheereful couÌ„tenaunce of the Prince and Nobility For honor preferment dignity prayse feedeth nourisheth and mainteyneth bothe Artes and vertues and Glorye is a sharpe spurre that vehementlye pricketh forward gallaÌ„t heades and pregnauÌ„t natures to attempt worthy enterprises VVe see that thiÌ„g to be greedely and as it were with a certayne kinde of Ambition on al handes soughte for and pursued whereunto the Prince and Peeres are studiouslye enclined And therfore the lesse meruail is it though in Royalmes and Countries gouerned by barbarous Princes monstruous Tyrannes learning be vtterlye prouigated and thoughe the Muses taking their flight thence do abandon that soyle where they see theÌ„selues so slenderlye regarded and so churlishlie entertayned As contrarywise where they be reuerenced cherished maynteined had in pryce ther doe they endenizoÌ„ theÌ„selues settle their dwellings And this surelye my L. do I think to be one or rather an only cause which in this old age later caste of the worlde rayseth vp among vs such a plentiful Haruest of rype and excellent wittes conspicuous in euerye facultie because by speciall Priuiledge froÌ„ the Almightie and of his great bountie and gracious goodnesse towardes vs we haue such a godlye vertuous learned Princesse such an honorable State of noble Personages themselues not only in euerye seueral Arte singulerly skilled but also to the professors thereof lyke terrene Gods benigne and bounteous Of whom may bee sayde that whiche though of vnlike persons Cicero reported of Socrates saying that there were further deeper matters to be conceyued and thought of Socrates then in all Plato hys Bookes coulde be purported or fully decyphered VVhose lenities and fauourable inclinations would not neyther ought to bee abused as they are by some to muche with the Patronage of euery friuolous faÌ„cy tryflyng toye tending neyther to profitable vse in the coÌ„mon wealth nor to anye auaileable purpose touching publique society VVhereas many of theÌ„ if they coulde finde in theyr harts otherwise to tickle their pennes with matters of better importaunce and employe their golden giftes to the aduauncemeÌ„t of vertue and commoditye of their Countrye in steede of beinge fine Architectes and contriuers of matters offensiue and scandalous they might eternize themselues like good meÌ„bers and worthy Ornamentes of their Countrey within the Beadrolle of Fame and perpetuitie VVhat opinioÌ„ that inuincible Prince Alexander of Macedonie had of all vayne Artes foolish baables phantasticall toyes and curious deuises well appeareth by the rewarde whyche he in presence of his Nobles and Souldiers publiquely gaue vnto a certain dapper fellow one of hys hoaste who partlye vpon a brauery and ostentation of his cunninge but chieflye in hope of some magnificente rewarde did before the Kings presence cast or throw a kind of smal Pulse called a Cichpease through a Needles eye beiÌ„g set a pretie distauÌ„ce of that manye times without anye missing VVhich vayn trick thriftlesse deuise sauouringe altogether of a little foolish curiositie and nothing at al of any expedieÌ„t vse or coÌ„modity many of the beholders with admiratioÌ„ coÌ„mended and deemed right worthye of recompence In fine because the skilfull Squier shoulde not loose the hoped fruicte of that hys practized knacke and notable singularitie the Kinge rewarded him onelye with a Bushell of CichpeasoÌ„ A coÌ„digne guerdon doubtlesse and verye fitte to counteruayle such a peeuishe Practise and vnnecessarie Mataeotechnie A great folly therfore forwardnes is it in mannes nature to bestow such great study payn care cost industry in attayning suche needlesse friuolous tromperies the hauinge whereof nozzeleth the hauer Artist in loytering idlenes breedeth otherwise greate inconuenience in the bodie of the whole common wealth VVhiche deformitie and abuse manye learned Clerkes bewaylinge haue in eche of their seueral professions by wryting and otherwise graphicallye depainted And among many this Author whom I now vppon confidence of the generosity of your noble nature presume to present and exhibite vnto your Lordshippe goinge a neerer way to worcke then many others doth not onely by artificial conteÌ„plation wade into the very Gulphe Camaryne of mannes apparauÌ„t wilfulnesse but also rushing into the verye bowles of Nature bewrayeth as with a pensil liuely setteth downe the affections condicioÌ„s plyghtes habites and dispositions of euery seueral Complexion And as one that wel knew himselfe not to bee borne only for himselfe hath franckly frendly and learnedly bequeathed the Talent of his knowledge to a publique and vniuersall commoditye In readinge whereof I am perswaded that none of indifferent iudgemente shall thinke his oyle labour lost neither his time and trauaile mispent at least wyse if it were with like grace in any respect deliuered out in English as he hath done and left it in the Latine But surelye I haue done my beste trusting that others in recompence of my trauail wil not vpoÌ„ a Splene requite me with their worste neyther miscoÌ„strue my meaning which was in plain tearmes and vulgare phrase to goe as neere to my Authours plotforme as my adle head could well imagine And now being arriued to Land after a prety long voyage and pleasant saylinge in this hys Philosophicall Sea I approach in moste dutifull humility wyth suche Newes and VVares as I haue heard seene read and gotten vnto your Honor whom for many respectes I mistruste not but wyll honorablie daigne to heare mee And now doe I stande at the Barre of curtesie to heare your Lordshippes doome concerning this my temerity The comfortable expectation wherof putteth me in no small hope that all the better sort mooued by your Lordshippes example wil bee the more easie and readie to dispence with my vnmellowed adolescencie As for the

theyr lustyest time which haue no care no orderly respect nor choise in preseruation and maintenaunce of theyr bodely health To this very ende and effecte is that holesome admonition of the wyseman Take heede to thy selfe least thou die before thy time By which sayinge hee warneth euery one so to order and dispose his lyfe that throughe riot and vntemperate dealing he hasten not his death before his time and before he haue in a maner ruÌ„ne halfe his race Now let euery man coÌ„sider with himself how myserable and how wearysome also it is to haue a bodye neuer in health but altogether martyred with sicknes and soares reason beinge mastered banished and oppressed to haue the mind defiled and vtterly wyth inward vices polluted Howe can lyfe I say be vnto such a man pleasaunte or sweete or howe can the minde bee quiet and well stayed Forsomuch therefore as nothing is better then health let euery man diligently looke to the same and marke how much he hath swarued and strayed from moderate order and temperature This consideration wyth himselfe shall worke in him much good effecte and stand him in greate steede that in case his bodye be lustie and healthfull hee maye in the same state stil continue and cheerish it wyth helpes and preseruations thereto conuenient But if it be falleÌ„ into worse plight and not in so good case of soundnes as before it was then to seeke wayes and meanes how to recure bring it againe to his former state of healthines For as humours are easely chaunged one into another and suffer mutuall transmutacion throughe moderate exercise and such conuenient meats and nourishmeÌ„ts as to natural heat are cherishable So agayne the ill distempered state of bodye throughe holesome diet and order is made lustier and refourmed into better And euen as wee see members fractured burste wrenched and dislocated to be brought into theyr right places agayne so may health beinge empayred bee restored and reduced into his former integritie For the mindes and bodyes of men be in a maner as it were yong Sproutes trees which being artificially handled and cunninglye dealt wythall yea although afore wield and vnfruitfull yet as Virgill sayth If they be graft a nevve and put in other chaunged soyle From nature vvilde vvhich earst they had They quight and cleane recoyle And yeld such fruite as best you lyke by force of handy toyle Contrarywyse if the husbande be negligent carelesse his grounde becommeth barrayne rugged ouergrowen wyth wredes and disabled froÌ„ bearinge any grayne that is good or profitable The like reason is to be yelded of the mindes of men For there be many excellent witts and very towardly natures which by vnthrifty company and lewd education do degenerate from their good inclination of nature and become altogether rebellious wilfull lewde and barbarous Some againe whose nature is proue and inclinable to euill yet by helpe of learninge and good education are reclaymed and wonne from theyr froward disposition become worthy members stayes ornamentes in theyr Country And therefore no man is to thincke or perswade himselfe that an ill nature may not be altered sitheÌ„ce rude wittes not yet trayned to any discipline and learning may like soft waxe or as tractable and moyst claye be fashioned framed and made applyable to learne any knowledge and vertue any ciuilitye and by artificiall instruction bee trayned to conceyue Artes and behauiour both comely and commendable Thus likewyse in graffinge and planting which is as wittie a deuise as proper a feate as any we see wild trees to chaunge their olde nature and to beare fruite both holsome and toothsome Amonge wyeld Beastes also we see how the dilligence forecast wit and pollicie of man maketh them tame seruiceable An example hereof maye wee see in Mago a worthy Duke amonge the CarthaginiaÌ„s who as Plinie sayth was the first among them that durste wyth his hande stroake and handle a tamed Lion for which Acte his Countreyfolks attaynted him as one whom they thought not amisse to restrayne from liberty and debarre from authority for that his wysedom and wyse dealings seemed so excellent that they iudged him a man able to perswade any thing that him listed who had thus straungely trayned and tamed a wylde Lion. But that persons of Melancholique nature or of any other constitution whatsoeuer so that the distemperature haue not beene of to long coÌ„tinuaunce and the party to farre striken in age may be altered and brought to a better state there is no maÌ„ that needeth to doubt For who doth not plainly see that strong and very hoate wyne wyth cold water or other milder licour is may be alayed Semblably againe wyne that is smal myngled and of watry relice yet beinge put to other licour that is stronger and of a better grape is quickened and made both better and sharper And so humours in a man being eyther of themselues euil or meeting wyth others of other quality are through theyr coÌ„mixtion therewith qualifyed and waxe milder and leauinge theyr owne naturall qualitie are altered into an other of straunger nature effect and operation Thus is the heate of Choler by accesse and myxture of bloude phlegme mitigated Thus is phlegme by admixtion of yelow Choler heated and much â—bated from his owne colde and moyste quality becomming therby lesse hurtful to the body And in like sort may we conclude of all the rest Such nourishments and meates as engender good bloude iuyce are hereunto very auayleable out of which the humours spyrits which be the incensours and stirrers forwarde of the minde obtayne and receyue theyr nature Now there is nothinge more effectuall to make good perfecte digestion and to stirre vp the Spirites then sleepe exercise and wyne so the same be pure good and moderatelye vsed as the other also must bee For so doth it stirre vp make syncere liuely and cleare Spirites from whence proceedeth cheerefulnes ioy quicknes and myrth of the minde For the meates nourishments which by nature are laboured into humours being eaten and washed downe wyth good and holsome wyne haue freer passage into all the parts of the body and distribute theyr nourishment into them more effectually There is nothing therefore that so much banisheth phaÌ„syes sorrow out of a mans minde as pleasaunt merye companye and moderate vse of wyne And of this did that precise and sterne natured Zeno giue a notable example whose minde was so muche estraunged from all pleasaunte conceites ordinarye curtesies of coÌ„mon humanitye that hee was neuer at all moued wyth any affections no not such as be naturallye incidente and engraffed in euery man And yet when he was a litle whittled wyth wyne he began to chaunge his copye and to be as mery and as bone a companion as who was best And beinge on a time asked by one of his merye mates how it happened that he

they be but mere meycockes and persoÌ„s very effeminate shrynkinge at the least mishappe that happeneth and wyth the smallest griefe and feare that can bee theyr hartes fayle theim they as white as a kerchiefe Which difference of minde stomacke Lucane in the hurlyburlies of the ciuill warres in these Verses expressed and vttered Such as in th' East and scorching Clymes are bredde by course of kind And Countryes influence meycockes soft By daily proofe vve finde The North that colde and frostie it Such vveaklings none both breede The folkes there borne novvarres can daunt of death they haue no dread In this their errour happie they vvhom greatest feare of all Of death I meane cannot affray nor courage once appall They recke not they vvhat brunts they beare they feare not enmyes blade These laddes dare venture life and lymme in manly Martiall trade For whatsoeuer they be that haue thick grosse bloude haue consequently corpulent and stronge spirites and herevppon it groweth that they wil beare a grudge in memorye a longe time and not easelye forgette those motions and heddines that they once take hereuppon also it happeneth that many of them being wouÌ„ded or hurt in fight vppon the sight of their owne bloude do runne vpoÌ„ their enemy more fiercely and egrely and bestow theyr blowes more vehemently then afore But they that haue thinne bloude haue also slender spirits and suche as soone passe awaye Such are soone angry at the first very raging but by and by theyr anger is asswaged and cooled and assone as they haue a wound or see theyr owne bloude they are readye to faynte and fall downe But to know how to qualifye brydle and subdue those greate affections and motions of the minde that are engendred by greate heate of the spirites I iudge it not amisse for euery man to search oute by what kinde of Spirit he is most ledde to what motions in dealinges hee findeth himselfe most endaungexed how feruente or how remisse the agitacions of his minde be For by this meanes may those thinges that consist without mediocritie be reduced and brought to temperatenes and moderation Nowe this diuersitie of Spyrites oute of whiche springeth such and so great diuersities of natures and maners conceyue and take sondry alterations at the humours Thus the Soule although it be singuler as Cicero tearmeth it vnigena yet bringeth forth sondry and manifolde actions according to the nature of the Spirites and differences of the instrumentes Hence commeth such and so great variety diuersity in the thoughts desyers affections actions and perturbatioÌ„s in mens minds insomuch that reason and discretition wythoute a speciall assistaunce of heauenlye grace can scarcely tame and represse the same For when the naturall and vitall facultie together wyth the naturall and inwarde Spirites waxe somewhat stronge and partlye by aboundaunce partly by the qualitye of meate and nourishment haue attayned strength and power they reiect and cast away the brydle of reason draw the spirit animal also for they be al deryued out of one fountayne into their faction disordered rebellion Wherby it happeneth that when any lewde deuyse or wilfull thoughte aryseth in the minde of man he is prone ynoughe to runne into dissolute riot libidinous lust filthy and shameful pleasures if he fortune to espy any pretie weÌ„ch or beautifull damsell that liketh his phantasie his minde is strayght wayes enflamed and set on fire wyth vnlawfull desyre of her person for the satisfying of his vnbridled concupiscence and by reason of the stoare of humours and coÌ„course of Spyrites resorting thither froÌ„ euery part of his body his priuities vndeceÌ„tly swel his meÌ„ber of generatioÌ„ becometh stiffe so that many times it happeneth mans mind to be ouercome drowned in fleshly concupiscence vnlesse by the speciall grace of Almighty God and by meditating vppon the holsome preceptes expressed in his sacred Word hee stoutlye wythstande the Sommons of suche naughtye desyres This promptnes and inclination to euill is naturally ingraffed in man The imaginations and thoughtes of mans heart sayth Moses are onelye euill and prone to vvickednes euen from their youth and first beginninges But the blessed and most comfortable comming of CHRISTE toke away this blemish who by his precious death and glorious resurrection abolished the calamitie and cancelled the bondes of that myserye whereto Adams transgression had brought vs. The consideration wherof ought in y mindes of all men to worke thus much that because their spirites are prouokers and prickers forwarde both to vices vertues euerye one shoulde wyth more carefull consideracion and heede attende loke to conserue and gouerne them orderly And althoughe the Animall Spirite be more excellent theÌ„ the other and before the rest in dignity yet in order is it the later For out of the naturall which resembleth vapour and proceedeth by vertue of the Lyuer from bloud it produceth the vitall whiche is of Aerye nature and mynistreth vnto it nourishment And the vitall doth procreate the Animall which by reason of his thinnesse and subtility is ayrie For it being laboured prepared and made in the contexed net celles and cornerie ventricles of the brayne is greatly wyth sweete smelles nourished and with fragrant things refreshed and cherished From it is fetched and deryued al the power and facultye which the soule hath and from it do al actioÌ„s issue and proceede making the same appliable to all functions Well worthy therefore is this animall spirite deemed the proper instrument of the soule to all the sences for mayntenaunce of mouinge and nimblenes and for preseruation of the strength and firmitie of the Muscles Synewes for it transporteth and diffuseth his vertues and powers as the workemaisters of actions into the Synewes that haue the power of feeling and mouing All the instruments therfore of the Senses indued wyth this power and vertue of the Spirite Animall attayne thereby stablenes for the atchieuement of their functions and charges as for example If the wayes and passages whereby this spirite oughte to goe and haue passage bee stopped affected the power of mouing and feeling is taken away as we euidently note and see to happen in the Apoplexie Palsey Tetanus and many diseases moe And this spirite Animall is conueighed into the Synewes euen like the beames of the Sunne through a cleare shyninge glasse And euen as a fiery heate pearceth and entreth into a glowyng hoate yron that is very hard insomuche that the some therewyth becommeth softe and tractable so dothe the Spirite that is finest and thuinest slylte slyde into the Synewes All thinges therefore that neede feelinge mouing and agilitie requyre the force ayde and power of the spyrite Animall As those that by nourishment are to be maynteyned continued and kepte requyre the naturall and vitall faculties and spirites Hee therefore that woulde preserue his spirites vndemnifyed and them make moste syncere and perfecte must endeuour at any hande

Creatures in such sort that all thinges wyth the Spirite of God were moystened warmed euen as a Bird or Fowle that sitteth vpon her egges who gyueth vitall power and heate to that whereuppon she doth sit and couer An example whereof we are to take at a Hen which giueth life vnto her egges bringeth oute froÌ„ thence the shape of a perfect creature Now whereas the Spirite of God is said to swymme vppon the waters or to rest vppon a moyst Element this is to be vnderstoode of the fecunditie that is infused and put into it But whereas the vniuersall nature of thinges and all Creatures that breath and haue being do enioy this gifte of Diuine spirit through the vertue thereof haue their esseÌ„ce yet namely and aboue al others MeÌ„ by singuler priuiledge speciall prerogatiue are fully endued wyth all things haue their minds taken out of a porcion of Gods owne spirite as Cicero sayth or rather accordiÌ„g to the testimony of the holy Scriptures haue receyued the breath of life and an Image after the similitude of God himselfe The Poet Ouid had from the Hebrevves a litle sparke of vnderstanding touching this opinion and that did he vtter in these Verses Gods Spirite vvithin vs vvorketh still His motions in our hartes vve finde This sacred feede directes out vvill And vvith his povver enflames our mind Which sentence S. Paule beinge studyed in a more heauenlye kind of Philosophie went about to inculke into the minds of the Athenians with intent to draw theÌ„ froÌ„ their old rooted superstitions inueterate errours to perswade theÌ„ in beholding the goodly frame beautiful workemaÌ„ship of the world with al the furniture and ornameÌ„t therof wherin Almighty God sheweth out to al men a taste or proofe piece of his diuinitie therby to acknowledge his diuine power and by seinge his woorkes to agnyze his omnipotencie For in this sort he preached vnto them God vvhich made the vvorld and all that are in it and is Lorde of Heauen and Earth dvvelleth not in Temples made vvith handes neither is vvorshipped vvith mens hands as though hee needed any thing seing he himselfe giueth life and breath to all men euery vvhere For in him vve liue moue and haue our being as a certaine of your ovvne Poets sayth for vvee are also ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Generation Now man at the hands of his Creatour being furnished wyth such excellent gifts and garnishmentes of minde as first to be endued wyth a natural and internall spirite and then to be moued and inspyred with a Diuine spirite hath also notwithstanding externall spirites recoursing into his body and mynde Men of olde tyme called them by the name of Genij the bookes of the holy Byble termeth them in respect of their office and mynisterye Angels which is asmuch to say as Messengers because they bringe the coÌ„mauÌ„dmentes and will of God vnto vs. S. Paule calleth them mynistring Spirits appointed to certayne offices and purposes and to mynister for their sakes which shal be heyres of Saluation Cicero and others that neuer knew God nor religion aright calleth them familiar or domestical Gods hauing vnder their protection the care of mans lyfe and safetye and giueth them the name of Lares or Penates or Dij Tutelares And of them they make two sorts the good Angels and the badde because the good pricketh a man forward to grace goodnes vertue honesty the other eggeth him to lewdnes mischiefe shame villany and all kinde of loose dishonestie For this is their onely drift and pretence specially to plunge a man in as much mischeife as they can drawe him from God as farre as may be Now for so much as Spirits be without bodies they slyly and secretly glyde into the body of man euen much like as fulsome stenche or as a noysome and ill ayre is inwardly draweÌ„ into the body and these not onely incense and pricke a maÌ„ forward to mischiefe but also like most pestilent Counsellers promyse to the party reward impunitye By this meanes the wylie Serpente enueigled Adam Sayinge You shall not die therfore but ye shall be as Gods knovving good and euill For the Deuill hauinge his name hereof is most subtile and crafty and lacketh not a thousand sleightes and pollicies to bryng a maÌ„ to mischiefe Yea his fetch is slyly to insinuate himselfe into our mindes cogitations counselles and willes albeit it is not easye for him to bring his purpose aboute for so muche as Eod alone knoweth the heartes of men and vnto him onely be all our deuyses and thoughts open and manifest Hee is sayth Paule the discerner of the thoughtes and of the intentes of the hearte neyther is there any Creature vvhich is not manifest in the sight of him but all thinges are naked open to his eyes Which thinge also Dauid declareth God sayth he is the tryer of the verye hart and Reynes That is to saye hee perfectlye searcheth out and knoweth all thinges findeth a way into the most secrete corners and innermost places And hee bringeth in an example taken from the intrayles that bee fardest of For there is nothing in maÌ„s body inwarder then the heart and Reynes in somuch that the concocted meate must be conueyghed by many crooked bywayes wyndings before it can be brought thyther Furthermore he specially nameth those partes for that out of them chiefely the thoughtes and cogitacions of the mynde and all lycentious lustes and dissolute desyers do proceede and springe which are not nor cannot lye hyd or vnespyed of God. Forsomuch therefore as these deuilles bee ayrie spyrits and aswell by long vse and practise as also by pollicie of nature are of greate experience and by long tryall know much euen by coniectures and tokeÌ„s which they espy in the eyes countenaunce gesture and other motions of the body of man they slylie gather and ghesse the inward dispositions and thoughtes of the mynde whych to a man of great experience and witte is no great hard matter to do And therfore euen as lewde and deceitfull marchaunts practyse all wayes and meanes to spoyle others leauinge no occasion vnattempted to cyrcumuent and catche them at vnwares and vnprouyded so lykewyse the deuilles lye in wayte to catche vs at a vauntage and the godlyer anye one in conuersation of life maners is the busyer and earnester are they wyth theyr poyson to stinge him In such sorte the deuill was not awhit afrayde by al maner of shiftes to tempte euen Christe himselfe thinking to haue perswaded or inueigled him with Ambition Gluttonie or desyre of rule Souereignty Neyther was he ashamed to assaulte Paule also partly carying him into a boastinge and pryde of mynde aboue measure and partlye by incensynge his aduersaryes with spightfull rage and cruelty against him The holy man Iob also was wonderfully shaken vp and driuen to suffer the violent brunts

better then the reste And hee namely is to be thoughte and accompted hoate in whom that quality of heate aboundeth excelleth the other that be moderately constituted that is those that be tempered wyth moyst drye Of which state and condition if a man bee disposed throughly to searche oute and marke all the notes and signes he shall by proofe finde that whosoeuer is of that Complexion constitution is of stature comely and of shape and beauty agreeable and consouaÌ„te to manly dignitye of body not grosse sat or corpulent but reasonably faste fleshed For heate dissolueth and dissipateth all fatte things of conler red or if bloude be too hoate and boyling as in them that dwel in hoate regions and parching countryes browne or tawnie For there be in euery bodye accordinge to the condition of the ayre and region sondry degrees of heate and diuers considerations and differeÌ„ces both of this and of the other qualities also The Indians AEthiopians Moores Asians AEgyptians Palestines Arabians Greekes Italians Spanyatds Polonians Muscouites Germaines Frenchmen Duchmen c. are of sondry and different Complexions euerye one in his kinde hath of heate seuerall and sondry differences For euen as fewel and matter combustible for Fier is some hoater and more burning then some other is and as the fier panne or hearth wherein is burnt eyther Seacoales fattie turues of the nature of bitumen the burning lyme of chaulkye clay called Naphtha oyle pitch rosen or finally to speake of wood Oke Hornebeame Larche Byrch Elme Popler Wyllow the fier is vehementer and the hearth is of heate sometime extreme sometime more soft mylde So likewyse in euery maÌ„s body according to the nature of the place and order of lyfe and dyet this heate is encreased or dyminished and this is the very cause that men be of so sondry colours and of hayres so diuers differeÌ„t for in euery hoate CoÌ„plexioned body mixed with moderate humour the skiÌ„ne is rough hayrie the beard fayreand comly but the hayres of the head somwhat differ by reason of heate are of other colour For hayres being generated of a fuliginous grosse excremente of the third concoction become black when as the vapour being aduste by force power of heate the excrement is turned into an exact fuliginousnes Curled and crooked hayres proceede of a drynesse of ComplexioÌ„ caused through immoderate heate or els by reason of the straictnes and narrow issue of the pores where the rootes of the hayres be fastened For then haue they much adoe to peepe vp and finde any right way to appere out whereby it happeneth that they growe crooked curled frysled specially in them in whoÌ„ it so happeneth naturally beiÌ„g not artyficially procured nor by toto superfine curiostly frisled as some nyce dames Prickmedainties which curiously combe bring theyr hayres into a curled fashion and crysped lockes therby the more to set out their beauty to coÌ„mend themselues as they thinck after a more glorious shewe to the beholders Therfore all they that dwel in hoate dry regions haue hayre black of smal growiÌ„g curled crisp and as the Egyptians Spaniardes AEthiopians Moores and all other which in nature and condition ars lyke vnto them For we see many in euery region yea of them that dwell Northwarde towarde the Pole Arctick which if we consider theyr hayres colour coÌ„plexioÌ„ of their whole body seeme rather like foreyners strauÌ„gers then ConÌ„trey borne people So amoÌ„g y NetherlaÌ„ders low DuchmeÌ„ bordering vpon the Sea many be black curle heyred tawnyskiÌ„ned specially they which in SoÌ„mer are much in the heat of the SuÌ„ne vse much labour howbeit this variety of bodyes may be referred to sondry causes as eyther to the nature of the CouÌ„trey RegioÌ„ or to the power facultie of theyr meats nourishmeÌ„t or els finally to the hiddeÌ„ ymaginatioÌ„s of the womaÌ„ or mother Which ymaginations are of so great force efficacie that the things by her in mynd earnestly ymagined in at the very instant time of her coÌ„ceptioÌ„ is deryued into the infant child then begotten For this Sexe being wanton toying stedfastly eying euery thing that is offered to sight it happeneth that the naturall facultie being then in workinge formyng of the child directeth her cogitatioÌ„s inward coÌ„ceiptes y way bringeth vnto the InfaÌ„t an other forein shape forme in nature coÌ„ditioÌ„ altogether vnlike the right pareÌ„ts This euen in oure dayes and of late yeares hath bin by experience found true at what time the Emperour Charles the siâ—t of that name coming out of Spaine into y lowe Countryes arryued there wyth a wel appointed nauy of royal shippes hauing in his coÌ„pany a goodly trayne of noble GeÌ„tlemeÌ„ yeomeÌ„ Many womeÌ„ therabout being theÌ„ great with child through much beholdiÌ„g wel eying those galaÌ„t Spaniards after ix monethes brought theyr Infantes and children hauing eyebrowes and hayres blacke and curled and in all respects coloured like Spaniards And this happened not amonge filthye Corteghians common brothelles whom it might well be thought to haue bin vnderlinges hackeneyes to those hoate natured and lecherous Nation but the same fell so oute also among right honest tryed Matrones whose approued chastitye and vertuous dispositioÌ„s were so irreprooueable that they were not to be once charged wyth the lest suspicion of any such lewednes and yet these affections and impressions in theyr children tooke place accordingly In lyke maner wheÌ„ y Emperour Maximilian who was desceÌ„ded of the house of Austrich had also the gouernment ouer the Low Countreyes the women being much in compaignie and sighte of the Germaynes brought forth theyr Children with yelowe flexen hayres and in eche poynt lyke to Germaynes For they and all other as many as are borne and bred in cold and moyke Countryes haue hayres fine streight and somewhat ruddie and beardes of the colour of brasse for that the heares are neyther adusted by the SuÌ„ne nor yet by any inward heate for hauinge moysture plentifully and issues oute at the poores easye ynough the aboundance of the excrements wherwyth they be nourished maketh the hayres thick and the adustion which causeth the colour to bee blacke it maketh weake Blacke hayre therfore commeth of vapour by heat aduste when the excrement is wrought and turned into an exact fuliginousnes The cause that produceth yellow hayre is when the vapour is not much adust and heated for that which is then impressed in the skinne and seeketh eruption is the feculent excrement of yelow Choler and not of Melancholie But white hayre coÌ„meth of Phlegme and of a humoure cold and moyst Redde hayres as they be meane betweene yelow and whyte so doth the generation of it proceede of a certayne nature meane betweene Phlegme and Choler Now they that dwel in countryes temperate and betweene these haue

craftinesse and suttletie as also of his excellente and wonderfull fortitude This man after he had slaine CCC Lacedemonians was by them once or twyse takeÌ„ captiue cast into prysoÌ„ but escaped their hands by creepinge oute at a litle narrowe hoale in the pryson as Foxes and Weesels do Beinge agayne taken he espyed conuenient time when his keepers Iaylers were well whittled with wyne faste â—ulled then crawled rolled himself to the fler and there burninge a flonder the Cordes and Gyues wherewyth he was tyed together wyth y parte of his body where they were fastened escaped agayne Being taken the third time the Lacedemonians his ennemyes meaninge to make sure woorke wyth him and desyringe to see what was within him ripped his breast and fouÌ„d his heart to be ouergrowen wyth hayre Hereby we are to coniecture and gesse what maÌ„ly heate and strength there was in Sampson who with the Iaw bone of an Asse slue a ThousaÌ„d persons and pullinge vp the Doares of the gate of the Citie the two syde poastes wyth the barres and all layed them vpon his shoulders and caryed them vp to the toppe of an hill Who breaking a sonder the coardes bandes wherewith he was tyed boldly and wythout any feare set vppon them that lay in wayte for him and pulling downe the mayne pillers of the house oppressed and slue a wonderful multitude of his ennemies No lesse notable wonderfull was the stoute valiaunce of Dauid who flercelye flyinge vpon a Lyon and likewise vppon a Beare that came with open mouth to haue deuoured his flocke of Sheepe slewe them both and afterwarde vanquishinge and foylinge that proude and despiteful Philistine Goliah cut of his head and brought the same wyth him into the Cittie as a worthy Trophee and MonumeÌ„t of his noble Prowesse and victorie For this cause also is Sangar the sonne of Anath in Sacred Chronicles registred enrolled who flew of the Philistines vi hundred men wyth a Ploughe share or as some do translate it wyth an Oxe goade And althoughe such men as these for the most part be of strength and courage inuincible yet is it manye tymes seene that a great sorte of them are ledde and caryed headlonge by wilfull affection and vnrulynesse of mynde to committe and attempte thinges neyther honest nor allowable Whose inclination being such that if they woulde be guided by vertue they were able and of power to compasse right worthy exployts and lacke no meanes nor helpes for the atchieuinge and furtheraunce thereof yet do they oftentimes take the worse waye geuing themselues to notable vyces and by craftines subtilitye coseninge filching murther and bloudshedding seeke to enriche themselues and to come by wealth dominion power and authority These men quighte abandoning the vertues of Maguanimitie Fortitude desyre rather the name of harebrayned boldnes and cruelty then of valiaunce and stoutenes In the attempte and aduenture of anye daunger they shewe themselues couragious and hardy but this theyr courage and hardynesse tendeth not to any commodity or profite of their common wealth and Country but of a certayne pryuate luste affection and disorderlye outrage in themselues to feede theyr owne sensual phantasyes and wylfulnes and so they maye haue theyr willes theyr turnes serued they make no great conscience how the common state of theyr Country fareth Thus manye times by proofe wee see yonge men of ryght good hope and towardnes through lewde compaignie of disordered Rakehelles to degenerate froÌ„ the vertuous inclynation of theyr owne maners into lewdenes and villaâ—â—â—e and whereas by foldwing the disposition of theyr owne vertuous nature they mighte full well thryue be in great likelyhoode to become righte worthy and famous members of their Countrey they seeke to compasse and bringe the same to effecte through ill Artes and discommendable meanes in the learninge and practise wherof they shewe themselues as industrious and take as greate paynes as woulde conducte and bringe them to matters of better excellencie and a greate deale worthier renowne And as dull spirited heauy slouthfull sleapy persons commonly do not bringe to passe nor atchieue anye memorable acte either for goodnes or harme notorious neither attempte any greate feactes or noble enterpryses So contrariwise these persons are sit and apt to euery thinge that they set theyr myndes vnto whether it be good or badde vertue or vice neither is anye thinge so harde and cumbersome but if they bende thereto their minde and industry they will compasse and ouercome it and therein attaine to a notable excellencie And therefore in my opinion Plato iudged right wisely in saying that horrible wickednes and gracelesse desperate villanie proceedeth not of a lowtishe and dull nature but rather of a noble and excellente minde that is marred corrupted by ill custome and lewde education And such persones as these bee of a hoate complexion and disposition of bodye which pricketh them forward to do and execute such pranckes For they that be cold because they be fearefull dastardly neuer yet as the prouerbe sayth deserued tryuÌ„ph for any worthy exploite done neither dare to giue the onset and enterprise to anye thing wherin is any great difficulty daunger or odde singularity They therefore that haue hoate bodyes are also of nature variable and chauÌ„geable ready proÌ„pt liuely lusty and applyable of tongue trowling perfect perswasiue delyuering their words distinctly plainlye and pleasauntlye with a voyce thereto not squekinge and slender but streynable comely and audible The thing that maketh the voyce bigge is partlye the wydenes of the breast and vocall Artery and partly the inwarde or internall heate from whence proceedeth the earnest affections vehemente motions and feruent desyers of the mynde But if ciuil and vertuous education be lacking they many tymes become cogging shifters crafty cosoners slye makeshiftes nymble conueighers foystinge filchers troublesome and seditiously natured vnconstante waueryng fraudulent vntrusty and factious VVho taketh ioy and pleasure still In vvarres in shiftes and vices ill And for that their loynes be verye hoate they are also for the most parte greatlye geeuen to leacherie and whoorehunting and thrall to all other pleasures of the body Unto which vyce if they muche yelde and addicte themselues frequenting it excessiuely aboue measure it happeneth y by reason of ouermuch profusion and wast of humour they become bald and pilde on the forparte of their head sooner then otherwyse they shoulde their colour also fadeth away and decayeth their eyes waxe dimme and bleared their temples fall down their legges buttocks waxe thiÌ„ne wearish their lustines fayleth their face is lanke and leane and finally all the beautye and comelynesse of the body thereby decayeth and perysheth besyde a greate many of other discommodyties and inconueniences whereunto they be subiecte As first to Consumptions and ill fauoured habites or lyking of the bodye Feeuers hecticke which takinge once holde in the inwardest

gleane and enioy any fruite of his wyshed estate He doth heerein much like to him that being spent in yeares euen at the pittes brincke carefully and busely saueth and purueigheth the neerer that hee coÌ„meth to his iourneyes end hath lesse way to go greater store and foyson of victual for his wayfaring expences a thinge in the opinion and iudgemente of Cato so absurde as nothinge more In which doinge hee wasteth all his labour and dealeth much like sayth Galene to â— man that in his old doating and decrepite dayes goeth aboute to learne some Arte or occupation whereas more meete it were for such a one to cal to remembraunce what a small time by course of nature he hath here to remaine and that his coÌ„tinuaunce here cannot be long but muste be packing awaye and depart to his long home Seinge therefore olde Age is to enioye and take no commoditie by chaunginge vsuall diet ordinary custome of lyuing it is better by euerye maner of way to cheerishe and comforte it and to heate and humect his colde and drye bodye wyth nourishment conueinente then doubtfully and by haphazard and otherwyse then that age permitteth to begin any new order sythence olde age is weake and feeble and not well able to beare oute euen the least disdiete that maye bee but if it fall thereinto hardly and with very much adoe can it escape and recouer it selfe out againe But forasmuch as naturall heate by moderate motion or exercise is encreased and streÌ„gthened and the Body and mynd of man wearyed wyth troublesome busynesse and cares is destrous with reste quietnes to bee refreshed to haue some reasonable truce relaxation euen as good heede and greate regard hereof in euery seueral CoÌ„plexion would be had for according to euery maÌ„s nature is the same sonderly to be vsed so in this hoate state CoÌ„plexion of body for the better maintenaunce and conseruation of health it would be well loked vnto and cyrcumspectyle considered Nothinge is holesomer nor more auayleable for health then seasonable Exercyse conuenient motion For by it the quicknes and vigour of the mynde is reuyued the faynt drowsye Spyrites styrred vp and awaked the soule and mynde checred and exhilarated all the parts of the body all the senses both within and without made nimble actiue perfect and ready to do their proper functions the colour fayrer fresher appetite prouoked sharpened the possages pores opened the coÌ„ceptories of the Veynes enlarged and made bigger whereby humours haue freer passage way into euery seuerall part of the body excremeÌ„ts commodiously purged concoction speedelyer finished the iuyce or humours being well cococted better distributed to the sustenaunce and nourishmente of euery member in the body last of all when the mynd is quyet calme then is sleepe sound and quiet also and not interrupted nor broken wyth phantastical dreames nightly imaginations yea then be al things duly seasonably and orderly vsed and done when the meate is throughly concocred and excrements by euacuation purged which by too vehement motion are drawen into the disposition or habite of the body stop the streit narrow pores therof When a man is disposed to exercise himself it shal be good to prepare his body therto by beÌ„ding and bowing thereof to stretch out his synewes and other parts of his body which peradueÌ„ture for want of exercise are stiffe thereby to make theÌ„ nymble plyable By this meanes shal hee wyth no greeuaunce or wearines vse exercise and so loÌ„g is it good for him to bestirre his body til his lymmes begin somewhat to swel a fresh ruddy colour in his face body with sweating to appeare which so soone as it happeneth is plainly to be perceyued it behoueth streightwayes to ceas froÌ„ exercise to chafe the body no further for if it be coÌ„tinued loÌ„ger not stinted by by the colour vanisheth awaye the body becoÌ„meth dry lancke And like as hoat coÌ„plexioned meÌ„ if they vse vehement swift motion wyth exercise heat chafe theÌ„selues throughly they haue thereby bodyes slender and by reason their naturall humoure is spent somewhat enclyning to drynesse so againe if they liue idly or giue themselues to drawsynes or to spending their time in riot distemperaunce loytringe slouth wantonnes ease nyce delytes they growe full of humours and ware wouderous grosse fatte and corpulent I maye peraduenture seeme to the sâ—â—emish and full stomacked Reader to bestawe herein â—o woâ—â—des then for such a matter are needeful but leâ— him vnderstaÌ„d that our purpose herein teÌ„deth to this onely end to admonish al men in general and namely Students and men of honourable byrth aâ—d such as further and fauour goad Studies and vertuous Arts and disciplines not to meddle with painful and vehemente stronge exercises specially when they be fasting or immediatly after meales neyther to sit at their Bookes at vnseasonable houres wearing away themselues still wythin doores and greatly wassing their animall spirites the faculties naturall of their bodyes For in both these sortes I see measure or meane in them wantinge whereof I purpose more at large to speake when I come to the discourse of the drye Complexion Furthermore forasmuch as there be sondry and diuers sorts of Exeraise and euery sort not apte decente for euery Age let euerye man trye and consider in himselfe whereto hee is by nature most apt and inclinable Hovv much his shoulders carye maye And vvhat they can not vvell vpstaye As for Wrestling Coytingo Tennis Bowlinge Whorlehattinge liftinge greate waightes pitching the harre Ryding Running Leapinge shooting in Gunnes swymming tossing the Pyke Tyltinge Barryers and Tourney are reckened amonge the exercises of strong men albeit some of them because they are violently and forciblye done haue of a mery beginninge a heauy and lamentable endinge as of late yeares it happened vnto the French King Henry the seconde of that name stoute Prince and of courage muincible who in a royall Iusting or running at the Tylt for the more solemnization of a nuptiall Pompe theÌ„ prepared receyued his deathes wounde with a splint or shyuer of a broken speare which pearced gotte in at the sight hoales or beauer of his Helmet and stroke the king into the eye and so to the braine whereof he sodainly fell into an Ague and after a few dayes dyed There be other kinds of exercise not of so great trauaile as these and lesse troublesome as to bee caryed in wagons or to be rowed in Boates soÌ„drye sortes of frictions walking eyther softly or apace Singinge and Musicall melodie chaunted eyther with liuely voyce or played vpon swete Instrumentes to the eares mynde righte pleasaunt and delightfull dryuing awaye heauynes and cheering and reuyunge the Spyrites when they are damped wyth thoughtes and carefull pensiuenes And if thereto be vsed a cleare

and lowde reading of bigge tuned sounds by stoppes and certayne Pauses as our Comicall felowes now do that measure Rhetorick by theyr peeuish Rhythmes it will bryng exceeding much good to the Breast and Muscles No lesse ease and profite lykewyse shall a man thereby finde for the openyng of hys pypes and expelling thence al obstructions specially if hee vse himselfe a litle to holde in his breath and pinching together his lyppes wyth his cheekes full blowen to let his breath gushe oute wyth a full sturdye sounde But this in yonge men sayth Galene is to bee moderated till they be at consistente Age and in mornynges when the body is emptye and not infarced neyther wyth the nightly exercyse of venerous pastimes afore wearyed and weakened This Exercyse also of al others is most chiefly coÌ„uenieÌ„t good for them that eyther by imperfectioÌ„ of nature or by negligeÌ„ce of Nurses are crooke-backed For the Muscles of their bulke breast and the lappes or bellowes of theyr LoÌ„ges being drawen together crooked toward theyr backs causeth theÌ„ to be shortwynded which by this meanes is greatly eased they therby made to fetche their wynd a great deale better with more facility Horses of good courage breedâ— when they feele the Spurre with coursinge tramplinge and fâ—tching the capre caryre or curuetty do the very same thinge naturally with their snuffing Nosethrils a tokeÌ„ wherby to know good coragious Horse which men do when they holde in theyr breath stroute out their C. jeekes This trick to make theÌ„ snuffe y Horscorsers vse by pinching them by the Noses and if thereupon they forthwyth puffe and blowe they take it for a certayne signe and sure token that the same horse is good and hath in him no hidden nor secrete fault For if he pace not well if he fling oute wyth his heeles and kicke if he haue a stiffe legge or a blynde eye and such like outward impediment it is euident by sight and loking on to be perceyued by other outward tokens ought and may easelye be found out and tryed I could heere repeate a great sort of other exercises moe as Dyce Tables Cardes but because they bee the pastimes recreations of ydle persons to be done standing still or sittinge and againe be not in y noÌ„ber of coÌ„mendable delights laudable solaces I haue spared in this place to speake anye thing of them For men of good nature and disposition when they haue any spare time from their other earneste busynesse desyre frequente such solaces sportes as are ioyned with honesty such as are the pleasures of the countrye practize of husbaÌ„dry which briÌ„geth with it not only pleasure but profite gaine also the plentifully without any dislykiÌ„g toyle For the master or owner of the ground needes not with his owne handes to moyle toyle digge and delue plough and carte sow harrowe breake cloddes to digge aboute his trees and cleanse awaye the superfluous and hurtful earth sithence he may take lesse paynes by committing the doing thereof to his Hindes and meigniall Hyerlings whom he may dayly ouersee and by word of mouth berke or figne appointe what he will haue to be done and taken in hand Which thing is meant by Terence where he bringeth in one old maÌ„ reprouing an other for drudging and moylinge in his grounde himselfe saying thus The toyle and labour vvhich thou takest vvith thyne ovvne hands if thou vvouldest bestovv the same in ouerseeinge thy folkes and setinge them to their busynesse thou shouldest haue more vvorke done by a great deale The owners foote maketh a fruitfull fielde sayth the Prouerbe and the Maysters eye fatteth the horse Now when we leaue of from exercyse and come to our meate and drincke which restoreth strength we must be very wary carefull that we ouercharge not our stomackes wyth superabundaunce and saciety For as too much abstinence and hunger is oftentymes hurtfull so too much fulnes and saciety is neuer profitable holesome for there wyth the Stomacke is too-much stuffed and distempered with cruditye engendring oppilation and putrefaction the verye breeders and procurers of Agewes and al other diseases To maynteyne preserue bodely health in perfect stay and soundnes all thinges are to be done in due order and by right choyse of iudgement so that according to the precept of Hyppocrates Labour or Exercyse Meate Drynck carnal Acte all muste be vsed in measure and be done in their due time and order Hereby wee see that by his opynion healthynes must take his beginning at Exercyse after which meate and drincke commeth next then Slepe and last of an carnall Act meetest for them sayth Galene â— vsually haue recourse thereto and feele sheve by leaste harme that is for ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Age for so Olde age and dry bodyes it is exceedingly hurtfull and most pernitious Neyther â—â—it without daunger and harme to be frequeÌ„ted of those that be of ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Complexions specially being vsed oute of season or immoderately or when the weather is hote In the Spring time it is more tolilerable and holesome after that the bodye is with moderate ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ meate and brincke heated and moystened and being also before sleepe For by this meanes the wearynesse ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ doing is by Sleepe incontineutly ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ cased and repayred Â¶ Emptynesse and Repletion THis moderation is in other thinges also to be obserued as when the body requyreth with meate and brincke to the refreshed or being wyth humours appâ—ete defyreth ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ prouided alwayes that good consideration be had what strength the bodye is of what nature is able to beare and how farre herein a man may safely apuenture Which thing also in well and cyrcumspectly to be waighed and ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ of in openyng of Veynes in prouokinge sweate in procuring laskes in skowringe and purginge the Entrailes and prouokinge vomites for in these regard and respecte muste be had both of time age custome nature and Countrey Neither ought any man of custome to vse and try any of these experiences rashly vpon himself except great cause therunto moue him or that he be troubled with much aboundaunce of noysome humours which requyre eyther by purgation or els by euacuation to bee expelled For in euerye CouÌ„try almost there be some which at all seasoÌ„s of the yeare vse to be let bloude or els by scaryfyinge the skinne to be cupped to the no small hindraunce daunger and empechmeÌ„t of their health for together with the bloude which is the treasure of lyfe there passeth out no smal deale of the vitall Spirite whereby the whole bodye falleth into great coldnes and nature weakened therby made lesse hable to performe her woorke and function So likewyse others without any aduyse of the Physitions wyll swallowe Pylles dryncke Purgations whereby they enfeeble their strength and hasten old age before the time The same now and then happeneth to sondry

can greatly hurte them Which persons althoughe with dainty fare idle life and much Sleepe they bring themselues many times to this porzynes corpulencie yet they be not so daungerously sicke wheÌ„ any discrasie happeneth as they that be of the same constitution and state from their firste begiÌ„ning For although some which in their youth were slender leane happen afterward to be fat grosse and fleshie yet their veynes Arteryes and other passages and cunduites of their bodyes remaine still large and wyde which thing plainlye appeareth whensoeuer they feeling themselues not wel at ease haue any occasion to be let bloud For in this accidentall habite of body althoughe the party be fat and forgrowen yet the veynes lye not hid vnappearing as in them that naturally be grosse but swel out and plainlye appeare to the eye offering theÌ„selues to the LauÌ„ce by incisioÌ„ haÌ„somly to be cut Therfore although this moyst CoÌ„plexion being cherished by heat be laudable good for that it prolongeth life differreth and keepeth away Oldage suffereth not the body to grow into drynesse yet if it exceede toofarre or stand in the point of extremity it is daungerous For when by reason of the veynes beinge ful the body ceasseth to be nourished and the faculties of nature which distribute nourishmente intermit their office and cannot worke in this case needes must the body go to wracke and incurre inconuenience so that eyther sodaine death therupon ensueth or els al least some rupture of y Vessels and veynes happeneth These things being considered it shal be good speedely and in time to forsee breake this habite and disposition and by y meanes of moderate euacuation abstynence and watchinge to preuente further daunger vsing such a prescripte diet and ordinary as best serueth to reduce the bodye into a safer and lesse daungerous Constitution For this is genera lye to be noted that a bodye is not to be accompted reckened moyst in respecte of abundaunce of excrements and humours but of a temperate moystnes of all the parts and of the whole proportionably together wyth which teÌ„perate moysture naturall heate is fedde and nouryshed and life therby many yeares prolonged Finis Libri Primi THE SECONDE BOOKE WHER IN AS IN A GLASSE is plainly and liuelye described the perfecte state and expresse Image of euery particuler Nature By the vvhich euery man may most readily finde out the very right Constitution plight condition affect and disposition of his ovvne Body Â¶ Of a Compounde Complexion The first Chapter COmpounde Complexions consistinge of two qualities a piece are in nuÌ„ber foure like as y symple be vz hoat and Moyst Hoat and Dry Cold and Moyst Colde Drye vnto whom there belong and are appendant so many Humours diffused into euery parte of the whole body Bloud Phlegme Choler MelaÌ„cholie These according to the nature of nourishmeÌ„t receyued are encreased or diminished suffring chauÌ„g alteration are easelye one into an other transmuted And albeit these humours being of great force diuers wayes and sondryly affecting the bodye yea the wyth fulsome and vnpleasaunte exhalations and sentes is oftentimes greatly annoyed and encuÌ„bred euen as ill naughtye wyne bringeth to the brayne affects both hurtful and dauÌ„gerous may not be accompted Elementes neyther are able to constitute any Complexion yet are they endued wyth Elementall qualitye and vertue and helpe much to the conseruation keeping of the whole body in good plight and order For as wee see the fyer to be fedde wyth matter combustible and Torches Lynkes Candles and such like nouryshed wyth Oyle or some other rosennye and fattie substaunce so lykewise the elementall qualities and all the powers and faculties of nature derpued into the vital spermaticke seede of our Parents do stande in continuall neede of nourishment For if the body should not be susteyned wyth nourishment or if the humours which moysteÌ„ euery particuler member should lack the preseruatyues and fomentations wherewyth they be maynteyned the whole frame of mans body must of necessity decaye and be vtterly dissolued and euery part thereof vanishe away into his lyke whereof it was generated or into that whose nature it conteyneth wythin it selfe whether it do participate with Fyer Apre Earth Water or drawe neere in nature and be famylier to any of them They depend mutually one of an other and are stedfastly maynteyned by the helpe and stay one of an other Neyther is there any parte in mans body so small so vyle or so abiect that hath not respect to the comelynesse and conseruation of the whole bodye doth orderly discharge his due office and proper function whereunto it was created And this I would not haue to be onely spoken and ment of y vse and vtility of euery of the members partes seuerally but also of the humours which by the helpe of nourishment do meynteine supporte and vnderproppe the temperamente and complexion of eche body and by the helpe of naturall heate do geeue increase and growth to al the members generally For which cause Hippocrates and Galene not wythout good reason apoint the foure naturall humours being perfect and pure the Elements of Creatures endued wyth bloud for out of theym commeth a secundarie oryginall of oure procreation For they mynister matter plentifully and helpe highly in the breedinge and shaping of the Infante or yonglinge specially if the body be well ballassed wyth good holesome meates and now and then heated wyth a draught of good wyne for without these Venus games are perfourmed but faintly sorilie which thing seemeth to be ment by the yong Strypling Chremes in Terence who being sober beganne to abhorre and loath his harlot and Concubine but beynge wel whittled in wyne to take therin gret delight and pleasure and not scarse able to qualefie himselfe from committinge further follie wyth her as in this Prouerbiall sentence he flatly professed Take meate and drincke and vvyne avvay Small is the lust to Venus play For the Testicles Genitories and members of generation draw vnto them froÌ„ the principall meÌ„bers and conuert into Seede the best most exquistielye concocted humours Which seede hauing ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ great store of effectuous profitable Spyrit is the worker of heate of all the other faculties and in the begetting and procreation of Children is the chiefe parent and causer Into it is a wonderful vertue and diuine power by Gods good will and appoyntmente infused for the shaping and fashioning of the yong Creature wythin the mothers wombe for it produceth a fruict of seemely most beautifull workemanship rightly shapen and in ech poynt perfectly proporcioned if the Seede wherof it was begotten do issue from a sound and holesome body for otherwyse if the seede be of a diseased corrupt and infected bodye the issue and ofspringe cannot choose but be monstruous and deformed Somewhat therfore to recreate the Reader to make this argument more

to his admonitions or shryncke asyde and refuse the lore of his prescriptions and commaundmeÌ„ts For many being hoodwinked and bewitched wyth the tryfling doctrine and friuolous traditions of mans inuention reiecte and forsake the pure and cleare founteyne that perpetually yeldeth most abouÌ„dant store of the euerlasting water of lyfe and seeke after ryuers that are dryed vp and as Hieremie termeth it digge to themselues Cesternes and broken pitts that can holde no licour or drop of holesome dotryne That worthy constante and throughlye tryed Souldiour Iob bemoaneth his owne case offirming that in the nighte season hee was sore disquieted with troublesom dreames and dreadfull vysions For the nature office of Sleepe being nothinge else then a mitigation of labours a quiet surceassing for the time froÌ„ toyle and a refreshinge of the bodye with the busy cares and dealings of the day before wearied from these cares troubles did not his Sleepe in the nighte disburden and ease him but rather encreased and doubled the same that his minde still remayning terryfied with dreadful dreames and apparitioÌ„s For thus doth he reason with himself and these complaints doth he vtter in that his worthy dialogue or rather Tragicomicall discourse If I thincke to my selfe that my bed dâ— shall comfort mee and mitigate my griefe and that I shal haue some ease and refreshing vppon my Couch then troublest thou me vvith dreames and makest me afrayed throughe visions insomuch that I vvishe for death to come and make an end of al my sorovves As touching the inwarde notes of this complexioned body and his inclination of mynde for a man ought in ech point and respect throughlye to be viewed and considered a hoate and moyste quality incident to bloude produceth in men diuerse natures and accordinge to the more or lesse mixture of other humours frameth in them sondry maners and diuers dispositions They that be meere Sanguine and haue none or very litle Melancholy or Choler mixed therwyth as most neerelye approchinge to the nature and Sense of brute beasts are commonly doltes and fooles or at least not greatly cumbred wyth much witte For sytheÌ„s as Galene sayth sharpnes finenes of wit coÌ„meth of Choler ConstaÌ„cy and stedfastnes of Melancholie Phlegme to the framynge and disposinge of the maners helpeth nothing neyther standeth in anye steede it remayneth then that simplicity and foolishnes proceedeth of Bloud Thus are yong Cattell which in comparyson of the elder ones haue greate stoare of Bloude for the most part as wee see foolishe sotlike and bettleheaded as Kyddes Calues yonge Sheepe Lambes young wyeld Kidds or Roebuckes yong Kyttons and the yonge of all other dumme Creatures besyde and amonge Men the neerer that any one approcheth to the nature of brute Beasts the more lyke vnto them in maners and conditions is hee Which thing any that is but meanely skilled in Natures works may easely iudge and discerne euen by certayne significations of theyr eyes and countenaunce eche of which is as a glasse wherin to behold and whereby to discouer the inward affections of the mynde In many men there is a greate resemblance affynitie in nature wyth other Beastes and the further that these digresse from the puritie of teÌ„perament the lesse sway in them beareth Reason Iudgment Vnderstanding willingnes to doe good Wysedome and discretion to be short they are partakers of all those things that are commoÌ„ to Beasts And thus there bee many which eyther for lack of good educatioÌ„ or through this deprauatioÌ„ of Nature degenerate into Beastes and in all their actioÌ„s in one poynt or other resemble them in conditions Many like Wolues are bloud-suckers extortioners raueners Many like â—â—erce cruell outragious and terrible lyinge in wayte to sheede bloud and hunting theyr brother to death As the PriÌ„ce vvil so sayth the Iudge Lykewyse sayth Ezechiel Iehoakim is become a LyoÌ„ vvhich hath learned to spoyle deuour folk to make vvidovves destroy their houses make their Cities desert Some be as foyinge gesturous and counterfeâ—cting of any thing by ymitacion as Apes Some Forlyke are suttle wylie deceiptfull and crafty to entrappe and catche the innocent at aduauntage And in lyke sorte there be others which resemblyng the nature and conditions of other beastes and degeneratinge from theyr integrity and excellencie humaine eyther degenerate quite into Beasts or at least become much lyke vnto them As for ChildreÌ„ yonge Stryplinges aboute 14. or 15. yeares of age or vnder by reason that theyr bloude is pure and ful of swelling spyrit are still styrring quick nymble actiue wanton vnmodest malapert saucie proude wythoute wit and much giuen to toying and playinge for wee see them as wanton as Calues that is to say in mowyng with theyr mouthes in voyce gesture becks clapping of hands light songes vayne ioyfulnes where there is no cause immoderate myrth disordered fysking Vp downe and vncertayne motion gate all which do signify a shuttle waueryng nature a mynde subiect to great mutability and vncoÌ„stancy procedyng and caused of the boyling of theyr bloude wythin them which boyleth vp as it were seetheth in theyr Vâ—ynes euen as new Wyne Ale or Beere spurgeth and worketh in the Tunne Hereuppon the Netherlanders and Lowe Duchmen haue deuysed certayne prouerbial termes wherewyth they are wonte commonlye to quippe those yonge princockes and lustye gallantes whom they see ouerioyed or toofarre gone in wanton iolity makynge themselues as ridiculous and iestyng stockes to the whole companye Neyther are they incited to these immoderate pleasures through reason or auy well stayed discretion but by impotencie of mynde and wylfull affection digressing and swaruyng from modestye temperaunce and moderacion y lack wherof googleth theyr vnstayed heades and caryeth them into many inordinate pranckes of childishe insolencie They also bewraye theyr owne vnconstancie and vnstayed mynds by much shaking of their heads and continual playing and toying wyth theyr handes and feete insomuch that some accompt them no better then starke mad or persons distract of their right wittes Neyther do they sind themselues occupyed in any earnest matter that is to any good purpose neyther shew they forth eyther in woordes or deedes any piece of wysedome but vndeceÌ„tly for theyr age lasciuiouslye retourne vnto their boyishnes agayne whereas meeter it were in respect of theyr time passed nowe to fall to some thryft and to frame theyr lyfe after the prescription of some good order Hereuppon doe wee vse a Prouerbiall similitude taken of the nature and conditions of yonge Calues which in the Sprynge tyme of the yeare in the greene pastures when theyr bellyes be ful skippe and leape vp and downe wantonlye and toyingly fysking and iumpynge now this waye nowe that waye nowe rounde about one whyle raysing themselues vppon the forefeete an otherwhyle vpon the hynder Leggs whose maners fashyoÌ„s such yoÌ„g youthes as in their daily order of lyfe do imitate

and resemble are sayde in latine vitulari which is to bee as wanton and toying as a yonge Calfe or not to haue shedde all theyr Calues teeth or that theyr Iawes ytche with Caluishe wantonnes The Booke of Wysedome fathered and asscrybed vnto Salomon sayth Spuria vitulamina noÌ„ agent radices altas nec stabile fundamentum collocabunt Bastarde Slippes shal take no deepe rootes nor laye any fast foundation By these Phrases of speach we meane that wilfull and vnruly age which lacketh rypenes and discretion and as wee saye hath not sowed all theyr wyeld Oates but as yet remayne withoute eyther forcast or consideration of any thinge that may afterward turne them to benefite playe the wanton yonkers and wilfull Careawayes Seyng therfore that Adolescencie and youthful age consisteth in a constitucion of Hoat and moyst is fuller of bloud then anye other it is to this place therefore namely and specially to be referred Neither can any plighte or Complexion of the body more aptly be applyed vnto it then this for all the qualityes fashions and marks of this Age and State agree thereunto Which thing I see was well obserued by Horace in his description of the Nature inclination of youthful Age where he sayth A youthfull beardlesse Strypling voyde and free from Tutours checke VVith Horse and Hound doth raunge the fields and braue himselfe doth decke To vyce he pliant is as vvaxe to them that vvishe him vvell And vvarne him for his ovvne auayle rough churlish sharpe and fell A slender Husband for himselfe a vvaster of his gold High mynded rashe presumptuous in loue soone hoat soone cold And if they happen to lyncke themselues in companye wyth anye lewde Counsellours as in this slypperie and daungerous age commonlye is seene theyr fickle heades flingbrayned wits be easelye allured and drawen into follye and to pursue that waye which is worste For beynge now in theyr most wilfull age and standing vppon the most doubtful and daungerous poynt of al betweene vertue and vyce lacking experience and voyde of all good aduyse and counsel misse-led by the peeuish allurements of theyr associats they runne for the most part headlong vnto that which they see the common multitude embrace are readye to slyde into that trade of lyfe which of all other is worst and most pernicious Greene heades in greatest daunger are in doubtfull choyse they stand And hange in Ballaunce of deuyse vvhat trade to take in hand But if in lieu of these they harken and geeue good care to the holsome admonitions of some faythfull and vertuous Tutour and by his prescription frame the order of theyr lyfe and conuersation in theyr tender yeares for in this Age is Stuffe matter and towardnes both good and excellent if good education do polishe and a skilfull workeman haue it in handling no doubt they are to be broughte to much goodnesse For such is the force and power of bloud in mans body specially when throughe accesse of age it groweth to heate and dailye more more encreaseth in vitall spyrite that it causeth a promptnes of mynde quicknesse in deuyse and sharpenesse in practyze which by dailye vse exercyse atteyneth in th end to wysedome knowledge and experience of many things And thus by the benefite of nature and good bringinge vp it is broughte to passe that they be garnished wyth many excellent giftes of the mynde and throughe a readye vtteraunce in the discourse of matters bee to theyr Countrey a greate staye and ornament And althoughe hoate and drye natured men which are the Cholerique be right well furnished and skilfull in perfecte vtteraunce vehemence of speach and readynesse of tongue yet is there not in them such waighte of woordes and pythynesse of Sentences neyther can they so well rule their owne affections because in theyr reasonynges and discourses they be very earnest and hastye And this in such persons is not onelye by the pronunciation of their woordes but also by their swyft gate and hastye pace easye to be perceyued This difference also is betweene them that the Cholerique are bitter taunters dry bobbers nyppinge gybers and skornefull mockers of others but the Sanguine nothinge giuen that waye meddle not at all wyth such dogge eloquence neyther vse to hit men ouer the thummes wyth any such figuratyue flowtes whereat manye men are commonlye as heynouslye offended and take the matter in as greate snuffe as they would to be Crowned wyth a Pyssebolle but they be pleasaunt and curteous natured meerye without scurrility and ciuill without fylthy rybauldrye behauinge themselues orderlye in all companyes cumbersome and odious to none but delightfull and welcome to all But if it happen that Bloude bee alayed or myngled with other Humours and by course of Age to become hoate as namely if it bee mixed with yelowe Choler wherewyth the Humours are stirred vp or to participate with anye other Humoure whatsoeuer It is seene that as the mixture is so the manners disposition delighte trade and inclination of man falleth oute accordinglye As thus suppose a Bodye câ—ieflye to consiste of these three Bloude Choler and Melancholye whereof two partes to be Bloude and the other thirde parte to bee Choler and Melancholye equallye proportioned Of these three thus mixed together proceedeth such a Complexion and bodelye habite as produceth sundry motions affections and inclinations of the minde and which doth inwardlye dispose fashion and frame their Natures and dispositions yea before they breake oute into woordes enhablinge them fitte and meete to discharge and execute the parte of anye personne that wee either of oure selues take in hande or which by nature and publicke function is to vs assigned First Nature frames vs apt and meete To euery kinde of chaunce Sometimes she helpes somtimes vvith ire our harts doth vvound and launce Sometimes vvith thoughte to throvv vs dovvne vvith griefe and dule amayne Then aftervvard the tongue declares the mynds deuyses playne And as we see Nature in producing hearbes and floures and paintyng them out in braue attyre and colours to shew forth a most excellente and inimitable workemaÌ„ship and right gallantly to sette the same out to the gazing view of ech greedie eye clad wyth many and the same most pleasurable differences of goodly verdure some lyghte and entermedled wyth whytishe some of a sadde or darke greene some watrishe blunkette gray grassie hoarie and Lecke coloured whereof euerye one hath theyr proper vertues peculier effectes So likewyse Bloud beinge myngled wyth humours of other quality conceyueth other force and other colour and yet nathelesse not quite bereft and depryued of a Bloudy of Sanguine colour insomuch that it pearceth into the very innermost corners of the mynde incensing to sundry actions And althoughe the Planetts and Starres stretch oute theyr influence and extend theyr force mightely vppon these lower bodyes yet is it the Humours and Elemental qualityes which doe constitute the

complexion of humayne body and cause diuers sorts and sondry differences of Natures and maners And in this sorte doth this constitution whereof wee now speake breede and bring foorth into the Theatre of this world some that be stout Braggers and shamelesse praters some Parasites clawbackes some Dolts and cockscombes some selfe pleasers which thinke more of themselues then all the rest of the Towne besyde doth some Mynstrelles and Pypers some gracelesse Ruffians and Spendalls ryotously wastyng and consumyng their Patrimony Some Dycers and Gamsters some TreÌ„cher frends and Coseners some Counterfaiters Skoffers Tumblers and Gesturers some Iugglers Legier du maine players wyth a great rablemente of other lewde Lubbers of other sorts besyde A rabling route of ydle loutes consuming grayne and corne Deuoyde of thryft cyphers to fill vp roume and tale forlorne Right vvoers of Penelope starke verlettes flattringe mates And Bellygoddes addict toomuch to cheere and dainty cates VVho loue to snort in bedde till none and heare the mynstrelles playe On vvarbling Harpes to banish dumpes and chase all care avvay For slthens they neither obserue stay nor moderation in their liues and conuersation neither frame to liue in any good and laudable order but loyter and haunte the companye of wilfull and lewdly disposed persons it commeth to passe that in maners they proue starke noughte and gracelesse and by meanes of the heate and abundaunce of bloude prone and prompte to pursue the inticements of all sensuall lustes and vnbrydled affections reputinge the chiefest felicitye to consist in pleasure And of this sort are al Riotours all Banqueters and dissolute lecherers whose whole care industry and delight night and daye is to drowne themselues in the gulph of Sensuality and bellycheere They liue as the Prouerbe is a Minstrelles life that is to say nycely ydly altogether in a maner vpon other mens coste and for that they keepe neither ho nor measure in their affections but wholly addicte themselues to ingluuions excesse vnseasonable watchinge and immoderate lust of carnall venerie therefore their bodies lye open to al such diseases and Sicknes as consist in the fulnes of humours namely the Squinzye and swellinge of the Iawes Inflammations of the kernels of y mouth and the Uuula swelling of the fundemeÌ„t Pyles Hemorrhoydes bleeding at the Nose Pleurysie Stitches Inflammation of the Lunges and many other for all these it shal be moste expedient to be let bloud To this number is also to be added the Ague Ephemera or Diaria so named because coÌ„monly it is of no longer theÌ„ one dayes continuance albeit sometime it lasteth till the fourth daye and hereunto is to bee referred the Sweating Sicknesse which because it beganne first in England is called the English Sweate the Accident of which disease is sowning greenous pame at the heart ioyned with a bytinge at the Stomacke whereby a man is no lesse payned then if the heart if selfe beinge the fountcyne of life should through anye contagious ayre be infected and oppressed As by proofe it fell out in the Moneth of September 1529. at what time al the Low Countreyes were in a maner generally visited with this contagious Sweate and pestilent Ephemera proceedinge of corruption of the Ayre wherewith so many as were infected were brought into great terrour tremblinge and sowning throughe feeblenes of mynde and pantinge their heart labouring beating within them extremely During which infectious time of vistacion there happened an other mischiefe and inconuenience which made the matter a greate deale more lamentable For certaine ignorante Empyrykes contrary to the Rules of Arte and without taking any regard or consideration to the strength and powers of nature violentlye kepte their Patients sweating the space of xii houres whereby many by extreeme heat ouercome were with their bolsters many bedclothes styfled vp Seing now that corruption of the Ayre is the cause of this greeuous maladye or Ephemerall Ague and that the Symptoma or AccideÌ„t therof which euen attendeth and wayteth vppon it lyke as the shadow on the body is greeuous payne at the heart and sownyng so is the Sweat it self the Crysis thereof wherby Nature being strong dispelleth and sendeth oute moyste fulsome fumes and sty kinge Humours and consequentlye banisheth the disease it must therfore at any haÌ„d be moderate and not aboue the space of iiii or vi houres at the most according to the imbecillitye and strength of nature For toomuche cleane throweth downe all the strength and vtterly destroyeth the vitall spyrites Nowe why this disease is tearmed by the name of the English Sweat I suppose grewe hereuppon for that the people of that Countrey be ofteÌ„ therewith attached partly through theyr curious and dainty fare and great abundance of meates wherewyth they cramme themselues very ingluuiously euen as the Germaynes NetherlaÌ„ders do wyth dryncke and partly which I noted at my late beyng in that Realme about the tyme of Mydsommer by reason that the ayre wyth them is troubled cloudy and many tymes wyth foggie dampes ouercast wherby is engendred the cause and originall both inwardlye and outwardlye of this disease the vehemeÌ„cy wherof bryngeth theÌ„ into a bloudy sweating wherw t they must wrestle stryue as wyth a most fierce strong ennemy and which they must endeuour wyth al might to supplant hereupon happen Traunces and sownynges throughe feeblenesse of body and mynde faynting and drowpyng of the spyrites decaye of powers stopping of the pypes and voyce and life almost thereby cleane yelded vppe and the partye brought euen vnto deathes doore For this Countrey people not able to abyde any great trauayle and labour as beinge persoÌ„s cockering themselues in much tender nicetye and effeminate lyfe are verye procliue and apte to be throwen thereby into the languishyng extremity of this perillous disease It is expediente for them therefore to be recomforted cheryshed reuiued and refreshed wyth sweete odours and with the drynkinge of pure good Wyne And hereupon commeth it that this Nation peculiarly and almost daily vseth to dryncke Maluesay or Secke to comfort restore their Stomackes when they be quaysie or surcharged wyth excesse of sundry curious dishes which thing I finde to haue beene vsed and put in vre by men of elder time to helpe such discrasyes whose order was with this wyne to dryue away payne at the hart Stitches Sowning or TrauÌ„ces Cholick fretting of the guttes and bellye ache Thus the Poet luuenal trumpeth a certayne myserable Chuffe and niggardlye Pinchpenie for that he denyed to geeue a litle wyne to one of his frends that fell into a sowne or traunce through feeblenes toomuch sweating ' being in great dauÌ„ger of his lyfe He stoares and drincks old vvyne long kept Euen since the cyuile stryfe VVhen garboyles and dissension in Common vvealth vvere ryfe VVho Snudgelike to his frend vvhose heart vvas paynd vvith stitch and griefe Not one poore draught thereof vvould send to ease

throughlye and exactly concocted and of the nature of those parts wherin they be laboured become in colour as wee see white and mylkie Thus also the Lyeuer being of substauÌ„ce as it were coagulate bloud engendreth a raddy liquide substaunce the Lunges causeth a fomie froathie licour the commissures or setting together of the Ioyntes a glewish humour the toÌ„gue spettle the holow bones produce and bring forth white marowe as the Ridge bone of the backe the brayne do where al 's thinges are exactlye laboured For in Lambes and other yong cattel the marow is not white but bloudy Euery part therefore of the body worketh his humour like to it selfe and transmuteth it into the nature wherof it selfe is No man therfore ought to thincke it absurdly spoken in sayinge and affyrminge Phlegme by the force and facultie of the Lyeuer to be altered and chaunged into Bloud And this liquide thinne humour in the bodyes of all Creatures is to purpose and vse no lesse profitable then necessary For being conueighed euery way into the Veynes it qualefyeth and alayeth the heate of Bloud Choler finally it maketh the Ioyntes nymble and styrringe kepinge them from beinge stiffe and lumpish through drynesse and last of al it nourisheth all Phlegmaticke members and them continueth in lusty state And although there be commonly no certaine place assigned where Phlegne resteth yet the greatest part is still in the Stomack or ventricle wherin the meate is first boyled and altered into a thinne iuyce or liquide substaunce For we see men that haue surcharged theyr Stomackes in vomyting and perbraking sometimes to cast vp great abundance of loathsome clammie tough Phlegme or to scowre and euacuate the same through the guttes those I meane that haue excessiuelye and ingluuiouslye surphetted eyther in eating or drinking Whose heades consequently being filled wyth moystysh vapours those fumosities strykinge vpwarde as in a Stillatorie grow into a thicke fylthy and sneuillie phlegme whereby throughâ— coldnes of the brayne the parties becommeth subiect and open to sundrye diseases as the Poze Murre Hoarsenes Coughe and many others of which sort is the Rheume or distillation of humours from the heade wherewith in the Lowe Countryes of Belgia both rich and poore highe and low in Wynter season are much troubled fynde by experience to bee true and yet they be people commonly healthy and as sounde as a Bell. In perfect Health and throughly sound But vvhen that Phlegme doth much abound Insomuch that I sometimes am dryuen into a wonder to consyder how such abundance of filthie humours shoulde rest in the head which nature one whyle at the mouth an other whyle at the Nose and Throte expelleth and purgeth The head therfore and the Stomacke namely and much more then any of the other parts are pestered with the excrement of Phlegme specially if a man vse to eate such meates as be cold and moyst and discontinue exercyse whereby it happeneth that this humour being too crude is very hardly to be concocted and brought into an holesome iuyce profitable auayleable for the body For it is a certayne vliginous moystishnes and superfluous excrement which ought rather to be sent out and purged that waye which nature speciallye alloweth and whereby most conuenientlye she is wonte to exonerate herselfe For as the originall of this inconuenience beginneth first at the Stomacke and afterward infesteth the heade as we may plainly perceiue obserue by Wyne copiouslye quaffed and swilled which althoughe it descende downe into the Stomacke yet doth it assayle and distemper the heade it standeth vs therfore vpoÌ„ carefully to foresee y in those parts as litle of this Phlegmaticke excrement as may bee bee engendred because the harme and inconuenience redoundeth to the generall harme and detrimente of the whole body And as it fareth in a Realme or Kingdome in a Common wealth in a Cruile Pollicie or Corporation in anye Honourable householde or worshipfull Famylie so likewyse in the Body of man that disease of all others is moste daungerous ill which taketh his oryginall beginning at the heade and principall members For the harme diffuseth and spreadeth it selfe into all the inferiour partes of the body and them greatly damnifyeth As for more plainnesse let euery man take an example at any house which he enioyeth hath in occupation For euen as those houses that wil hold out neither wynde nor weather be very vnholesome to dwell in and a greate backfrend to health or when the Ridges or Roofes thereof bee ill tymbred and for wante of good lookinge too runneth in ruine and taketh water as often as anye rayne falleth So lykewyse as longe as the heade is distempered and affected wyth this baggage Phlegme and distilling Humour both it and the rest of the body can neuer be in perfect health For beinge it selfe of a cold and moyste nature it quickly drinketh vp vapours out of a watrish stomack beyng thereby replete wyth humiditye moysteneth likewyse those partes that be vnder it yea this distilling Phlegme is as noysome and greeuous to it as a brawling and scoulding wyfe is to a quiet man. For out of the heade continually do Humours distill and lyke soote oute of a Chymney fall downe into the Throate Eares Nose Eyes Breast and Lunges wherupon happen tumors swelling of the eyes Bleyreyednesse drynesse of sight whyzzing and running in the eares hardnesse of hearing and sometime behinde the eares Impostumes botches and wexekernelles besyde many sortes moe for the Instrumentes of the tongue be affected the voyce hindered yea sometime stopped that a man is not able to vtter out a plaine worde The Synâ—wes Pellicles Muscles Wesantpype and Veynes of the throte called Iugulares and the partes that serue to frame y voyce beyng surcharged wyth toomuch Humour as in dronkeÌ„ persoÌ„sis manifestly to be seene make the tongue vnperfecte foltering and stammering and all the members to reele and staggar their words double and not intelligible insomuch that at sometimes they bee not able to speake one plaine word nor in seÌ„sible tearmes to declare their owne meaning And thereby being by nature otherwise vnreadye and in vtteraunce staggering and now also throughly whitteled soaked in Wyne theyr tongue doubleth slammereth and foltereth a great deale more insomuche that they bring oute their wordes by stoppes and pauses like theÌ„ that haue the hicket such persons cannot speake softly and stillie because their voyce commonly is stopped and kept back which maketh them to force out their words the lowder They must therefore earnestlye striue and accustome themselues roundly and distinctly to deliuer out theyr wordes for otherwyse their tongue through defaulte and imbecillitye and lackynge stablenesse fayleth them and furthereth them nothing in theyr pronunciation but chatter babble so obscurely that no man can vnderstand any thynge of that they saye For we see them to be scarce able to vtter euen a few

then the Glassye and more cold then the Sweete Phlegme This doth pricke and byte the Stomacke wyth mordication annoyeth it for being endued with a sense most exquisite it is offended wyth that Humour which is of sharpest quality For the sauoure and relyce thereof is so tarte eigre and bytter that if it chaunce to be perbraked and caste vp by vomite as in Wynter and Autumne seasons happeneth it astonneth and bringeth out of tast the tongue the roofe of the mouth the Chawes and setteth the teeth on edge no lesse then Veriuyce or the iuyce of vnrype and sharpe grapes called of the fyner sort of PhysitioÌ„s Omphacion and of the common sorte Agresta in somuch that the relyce and tallage thereof will remayne and be hardlye qualefyed alayed or taken awaye This kinde of Phlegme settled in the mouth of the Stomack or ventricle and impertinge vnto it some porcion of his sowrnes and sharpenes engendreth an insaciable lustinge to meate and as wee saye a doggish appetite incident commonly to women wyth chyeld about iii. monthes after their conception speciallye if they be with child with a gyrle who being in heat feeble and of strength faint and quaisie it chaunceth that their natures be not wel able to coÌ„cocte those Phlegmaticke humours and thereuppon it is that they haue such puelinge and squemishe stomacks and be so much troubled wyth wambling and belching For theyr chiefe desyre and special longing being for sharpe and sower things they greatly therby annoy their ventricle gather together many ill humours Not women onelye but men also be subiecte hereunto for whom the best way is to vse to eate meates of heating nature and to drincke wyne of the purest and best sort For if this Humoure should chaunce to putrefie within the bodye it then engendreth the Ague Epiala so called because they that haue the same be in body inwardlye of greate heate and outwardlye stiffe with extreeme Colde for this Humour beinge enkindled and sette on heate maye wel bee lykened to greene flame or as wet woode which sendeth out nothiÌ„g but stoare of thick moyst smoak by reason that moystnes letteth hindereth the heat that it cannot breake out they that haue this impediment for the most part haue not onely alteration and chaunge in their Complexion and coloure but annoyaunce and inconuenieÌ„ce also in their mynds Salte Phlegme which hath some affynitie with Choler is engendred of the commixtion of Choler or of a saltishe or Whayie humiditye or els of Phlegme putrefyed the sharpenes whereof beinge once enkindled bryngeth not styffenes and colde but a shyueringe and shakinge to the whole body And among all the kinds of Phlegme none is worse nor more hurtful then is this For in what part of the body soeuer it settleth it breedeth and engendreth great dolours and painfull gryeues and through the byting force that is in it affecteth the members of the body with vlcerous lassitudes it defourmeth and vglyfyeth the skinne wyth dry skuruye skalie mangie and fylthye eruptions or breaking oute as Tettars Ringwormes Leprosie skurfe ytche skabbednes c. But if it be myxed wyth Melancholie other naughty Humours it bryngeth the skuruie Elephantiasis which is the Hebrevves Lepry the vlcerous Herpes ruÌ„ning Cankers FreÌ„ch Pockes manye diseases moe which pitifully pearce eate the flesh euen vnto the hard boane Glassie Phlegme so called for that it resembbleth and is like to molteÌ„ Glasse is of al others the coldest wherefore it is very hardly to be concocted or brought into any holesom familier and domesticall humour It occupyeth and besiegeth for the most part the Heade stomack Entrailes payning them with very greeuous and troublesome discrasyes For it pricketh woundeth teareth a pieces tormeÌ„teth And this Phlegme beynge glewyshe and clammye like Byrdlyme or such as the stuffe is whereof drinkinge Glasses be made is so tough and lymie that skantly will it be parted asuÌ„der yea it cleaueth so fast to those narow conceptacles where it resteth that nature stryuing and bickering wyth such a straunge and vncouth Humour is dryuen to suffer greeuous payne and tormente before she can be able cleane to banish away and ridde herselfe from it Great is the inconuenieÌ„ce and sundrye and intollerable be the diseases greeues caused therby as namely the Cholicke wrynging of the Guttes payne gryeping of the Bowelles difficultie and excoriation in auoyding naturall ordure great lust desire often to go to the stoole wythout beinge able to euacuate or auoyde any thinge at al vnlesse peraduenture a smal quaÌ„tity of glassy Phlegme and fylthy baggage and that not without greate labour and enforcement of nature For remedy and ease of which affects and all other greeues and gryepinge of like sort my custome and vse is to amende and recure with nothing better then outwardly wyth fomentes and inwardly by inections and Clysters which skowreth and cleane washeth away al Phlegme before engrossed clamped and gathered together Herewyth are all those distemperaunces and annoyaunces of health in the lowest partes withoute daunger of any Agew qualifyed and holpen vnlesse the payne be too outragious and vehement for that therein is neither putrefaction nor inflaÌ„matioÌ„ and also for the ignobility of the member But if this kind of Phlegme should assault any chiefe and pryncipall member and besyde putrefaction grow into inflammation it bringeth the Agues called Lipyrias and in this case the Patiente feeleth in the innermost partes of his Bowelles Cold in his vtter parts Heate For euen as the heat of the Sunne melteth dissolueth yse snow and hayle turneth the same into fluible liquide water so likewise doth the fits of an Agew cut asunder and liqueste grosse clottered Phlegme thus it is seene that in one and the same body there is both heat cold felt perceyued at one the selfe same time like as appeareth in theÌ„ that sit by a fyer hauiÌ„g wet moyst cloths vpoÌ„ their backes or in them that handle snowe or yce with their hands whose members at one selfe same time and instant feele both heat and cold But for that the most part of meÌ„ be in Wynter specially troubled wyth one kynde or other of Phlegme it standeth them vppon diligentlye and by all meanes they can to accustome themselues to hoate meates and of the same to make exacte perfecte digestion For throughe cruditye and lacke of perfect concoction in the Stomacke is engendred great abuÌ„daunce of naughty baggage and hurtufll Phlegme endaungeringe and euidently damnifying as much as any thing in the world els health and welfare Therefore all such thinges as be very Cold and Moyste must in any wise bee eschued as Sothernely wyndes plaine and smooth fyshes Wyeldings Crabbs and of herbs Lactuce Purselaine Cucumbers Melons Gourds Mushromes or if any of these come in place to be eaten let them be vsed wyth hoate sauces and condiments and conuenient

as plainly as thinges but newly done in somuch that although sometimes wee forgette what we did but yesterday yet perfectlye can wee remember thinges done many yeares agoe when we were Children The reason whereof I take to be this for that teÌ„der age and Childhode gredily attentyuely wyth great admyration fyxeth things in mynde and is apt readye willinge and ful of courage to coÌ„ceyue what is put vnto them For whyse the mynd is yet free from carking cares of the worlde and not ouercharged or busyed with waighty matters and dealings it retayneth suerer and kepeth faster in Memory those things which are instilled into it in childishe yeares their minds beinge yet free from al other cuÌ„bersome disquietations Now although Memory and RemembrauÌ„ce of things be conceyued in the forepart of the head where the common witts or Senses specially resteth yet those thinges y are by the benefyte therof attayned be kept and fostered in the hynder part And therfore they do very wel which keepe their Nucha and nape of their necks warme and fense themselues safe from the daunger of cold iniurye of wyndes For these partes beinge distempered or affected bringe a man in daunger of the fallinge Sicknesse the Drowsye euill Astonment Palsey Crampe and Oblyuion Wherefore it shal be right good and expedient to remoue and take away all such hindraunce discommodities as preiudice and hurt Memory And becaus many and sundry thinges settle in mans mynde and Memory euen against his wil such things I meane as he would not gladlye remember but rather would be willing to forget and commit to oblyuion as some lewde and loose pranckes dishonestly aforetyme perpetrated are and agayne manye good and holesome thinges which are expedient and needefull to be remembred slyppe out of mynde and be forgotten a maÌ„ is in these poynts to take diligente heede and regard that he do not as the CoÌ„mon sort vse without anye choyse and difference eyther neglect or retchlessely forslowe the due orders of both these things indifferently Those things therefore which a man would gladlye remember it shal be good for him to thincke vppon and many times wyth himselfe in mynde to meditate and reuolue and such as he woulde fayne shake of forget as hurtfull and pernicious to his mynde let him with reason and iudgement stoutly resist and striue against For as by the corruption of our nature which is fallen away from his first integritye we be a great deale readyer and apt to that which is nought then to that which is good and farre more proclyue to conceyue and learne the same then thinges of better importaunce and purpose so also those that be ill sticke faster in memory not easelye to be shaken of or abolyshed without greate adoe and difficulty Which thing caused Themistocles to demaunde of one which professed to teach him the Arte of Memory Whether there were anye ScieÌ„ce that could rather teach him the Arte of Obliuion for sayd hee I can wel ynough remeÌ„ber what I lust but I caÌ„not so easely forget such thiÌ„gs as are settled in my mind vnwillingly and otherwise then I would desyre For some things we would be gladder to forgette then to remember for somuch as manye men bee of such nature that they cannot abyde to haue olde soares rypped vp and stale grudges loÌ„g agone stille aud pacifyed by new rehearsalls reuyued and brought fresh agayne into question To which ende apperteyneth this Prouerbe A mischiefe vvel quieted and brought a slepe vvould not be stirred anevv nor rubbed vp a freshe Now wheras there be many helpes and sundrye furtheraunces deuysed by Rhetoricians to preserue corroborate Memory I haue thought it good here not to stande tediouslye in particuler recytall thereof and the rather because manye of them be very curious and wythout marueylous precyse carefulnes scarcelye able to be obserued for the sharpenes of witte and vnderstandinge with such a rable of preceptes is ouercloyed and the natiue vertue of Memory ouerwhelmed But among al other helpes and preseruatyues of Memory this namelye is to be considered that the body may in perfect health be maynteyned without being endaungered to Sicknesses specially such as may disturbe and damnifye the head Sleepe must be moderatelye vsed not lyinge vppon the backe but on the one syde the mynde quiet and calme free from all busynes and troublesome garboyles Now forsomuch as this faculty of the Soule is brittle tender delicate there is nothing that woorketh more harme thereunto then Cruditie Ryot Intemperaunce Surphet and dronkennes In the meane season for the preseruinge and cheerishinge of the Memorye all helpes must be vsed all furtheraunces which any way may coÌ„duce to the mainteynaÌ„ce increase of the same must be put in vre practize among which is continuall vse and exercyse of wryting and speaking adhibiting therein order reason measure not patteringe the same ouer rashlye confuselye or without aduysement There is nothing in the world more refreshed maynteyned and strengthened throughe care study industry dilligence regard and heede then Memory Againe nothing in the world through negligence slouth securitye and carefulnes so soone marred and defaced And euen as it is a meere vanity and foolishe braggrie as one sayth in this Myraculous gift of Memory to boast of Arte rather then of Nature so againe I deeme him a righte wyse man that bestoweth care diligence to make the gifts of Nature and qualityes of his mynde flouryshing pregnaunt and fruictful euen as the good and thryftie Husbandman by manuraunce doth vnto his ground to make it ranke and fertile And now that I may here set downe precepts of Phisicke to keepe this fyelde from growing barreyne first of all I am to aduyse such as bee desyrous to preserue and keepe this goodlye and necessary Vertue perfect and stedfast to vse light Suppers or if he happeÌ„ to make full and larger suppers to walke after it to be meery and pleasauÌ„tly conceipted to lay asyde for the time earnest cares and not to perplexe his brayne wyth troublesome thoughts nor his mynde with scrupulosities And after he hath in this sort after Supper spent an houre and a half let him go to bedde and take his naturall reste lyinge vpon the right syde and arysing earely in the morning let him exonerate nature by all those officiall members that serue for euacuation and auoydinge of bodely excrementes First let him rubbe his toÌ„gue and combe his heade gently with an Yuorye Combe let him vse to haue his heade polled specially if the season of the yeare the Countrey and Custome requyre or permitte it for to vse it in Wynter or where the weather is extreeme Cold it is no lesse hurtfull and vnholesome then foolishe and ridiculous For they bereeue take away and disapoynte themselues of those helpes defences of Nature which propulse colde and other outwarde iniuryes in steede thereof keepe their heads warme

it is right excellent coÌ„fortable now then to smell to such things as yelde a sweete odoriferous sauour namely such as be of nature pearsing calefactiue as LignuÌ„ Aloes Clofegelofres Rosemary flowers Basil Nigella Ambregryce Syuet redde Roses Hony suckle flowers FreÌ„ch spyknard and many other y yelde forth a stronge smel but the seme right pleasaunt comfortable delightfull All these refresh the Spirits wyth their soote sauours wonderfullye comforte the Brayne If a man or woman seeme to outward iudgment in a maner past recouery and be broughte to extreeme obliuion as they be that haue y disease called Lethargus or the drowsye euill it shal be right good for them to annoynt the outsyde of their Nucha and nape of their necks wyth the Oyle of Castor Nigella Euphorbe Costus Rocket and inwardly to take a litle of the confection of Anacardus or els therewyth to rubbe the tongue For is dissolueth Phlegme that is extremelye colde moyst and viscous Insomuch that it restoreth speach to them that be striken wyth the Apoplexie and recureth the staggeringe and stayinge of the tongue bringinge it againe to his righte vse Which thinge maye also be done and broughte to passe wyth Oximel Scillit and Aqua vite wherein a fewe graynes of Rocket haue beene stieped Vnto these helpes in daungerous and desperate discrasies when nothing else will helpe we flee for refuge and succour but in distemperauÌ„ces and grieues that be myelder and not of such extremity others now rehearsed may serue as Syrupe de Stichade Dia Anthos dulcis Aurâ—a Alexandrina Dia castorium Pliris cum Musco Triacle and Mythridatum By experience and daily proofe it is founde true that Agalochus commonly called Lignum Aloes being eyther vsed in perfume or smelled vnto with the Nose hath a marueylous vertue to corroborate the Brayne refresh the Senses insomuch that beinge stamped puluerized and myngled wyth some Cloues and the boane of a Rauens harte and then all mixed with Oyle of Nigella hath such souereigne vertue in strengthening comfortinge y Braine that if the head of a Cocke be therewith annoynted he wil crowe continually without any ceassing Â¶ Of the state and disposition of a hoate and dry body with a Discourse of the nature condition maners and inclination of a Cholericke person The v. Chapter FOrsomuch as among the outward things of Nature there is nothing of any longe continuaunce and stability neither that long keepeth it selfe at any certayne state and vigour but all subiect to decay alteration and case worse and worse truly the state of mankinde doth specially and more then anye other suffer sundry alterations and is subiecte to great chaunge and mutability Thus is a Hoate and Moyst Complexion in processe and tract of time brought into a state Hoat and Drye For Heate by litle and litle both slyly and closely wast and consume naturall Humour and bringeth all the body into drynesse which quality for prolongation and lengtheninge of lyfe is the greatest ennemy that can bee For as the flame in a Torche or Taper feedeth vpon the combustible matter thereof and is therewith nourished which being all wasted and consumed the same flame also quencheth and no longer burneth so likewyse natiue heate by little and little weareth away and diminisheth the iuyce moysture wherewith it is nourished and finally bringeth the cause of destruction both to it self and to the whole body beside Nowe that constitution of body which consisteth of a hoate and dry qualitye and thereof hath his name hauinge warme Humour throughe these qualities encreased maketh and constituteth a Cholericke man by reason of the greate stoare of Choler which is in him of which Humour there be two sortes and differences the one natural the other besyde nature Natural Choler is the excrement of bloud concoct bitter in sauour and in colour and effect fyerie When the heate of the Lyuer is moderate then is it yealow and shyninge but when this viscositye is ouermuch enkindled then doth Choler also boyle with heate and is of colour darcke Yelowish like vnto Pruse Bier called in Dutche Iopen Bier or like vnto Oyle or melted Butter when it is burned and with much frying becommeth blackishe of colour whereby it commeth to passe that the colour before Yelowe chaungeth and is turned into a sadde blacke which sometime apparauntly vttereth and sheweth it selfe in the vtter parte of the skinne whensoeuer this Cholerique Humour diffuseth and disperseth it selfe into the same skinne Choler hath in the body two offices for parte of it being mixed wyth the bloud passeth into the Veynes to make the same more conuenientlye to penetrate into euery one of the narow passages to bee conueighed to such members as requyre haue neede of the nourishment of Choler The other part is sente to the bladder of the Gall annexed and tyed to the nether ende of the Lyuer wherein the wonderfull prouidence of Gods Almighty handyworke wel appeareth in y he hath appointed the same Entraile whereunto he hath geeuen an admyrable vertue to attract and helpe digestion to be also a receyuer and Receptorye of superfluous and vnprofitable Humour to th entent no harme or inconuenience should thereby in any wise happen to the other members For Choler is of that nature y yeldeth out a fiery force whose motion as it were a fier brande stirreth vp and inceÌ„seth our minds to hasty moodes and furious rages And for this cause Angre is defined to be a heate and certaine boylinge of the Bloud aboute the Heart wherewith the Braine also beinge excyted by Choler is set in a heate and testines desyrous of reueng whensoeuer any iniury is offered And to the lower parts prouoke and irrite the Guttes and Bowelles to auoyde superfluous excrementes For which purpose Natures prouidence hath deuised and framed sundry passages needeful for y purginge conueighaunce and euacuation of all such superfluous Humours to witte the Kidneyes and the Vryne Pypes the empty or fasting Gutte called Intestinum Ieiunum which through the sowrenes of Choler flowinge into it continuallye dryueth out the Excrements the Bladder Eares and Pores appointed for the auoydaunce and expulsion of sweate And in the most parte of these if obstructions shoulde happen all the whole fylthy masse of noysome Humour is thereby kept within the body and then geeueth violente assaulte to some of the principall partes So when the bagge or Bladder of the Gall or Receptacle of Choler is not able to exonerate it selfe of that baggage drosse and superfluity which it drewe from the Lyuer it emptyeth and casteth it eyther into the Uentricle or els into the holownesse of the Lyuer And thus it commeth to passe that Choler being diffused and spred ouer all the body imperteth both his qualitye and colour to the Bloud Hereof commeth the Iaundice named Morbus Regius for y it requyreth a moste exquisite dict and Princelike fare which

Lord thy God he vvil smyte thee vvith madnesse blyndnesse geeue thee an vnquiet hearte dasing eyes sorovv of mynd thy lyfe shall hang in doubt before thee and thou shalt feare both day night shalt haue no assurauÌ„ce in thy lyfe In the morning thou shalt say vvould God it vvere night and at night thou shalt say vvould God it vvere Morninge for feare vvherein thy hearte shal be and for those sightes and visions vvhich thyne eyes shall see Againe in another place he sheweth what plagues disenses and vexations he will send vpon them I vvill sayth the Lord and that quickly visite you vvith cold hunger extreme heates you shall flee vvhen as no man follovveth you and the noyse of a shakinge leafe shall make you afrayde and vvhen yee flee the svveard you shal fal no maÌ„ folovving vpoÌ„ you your soule shall pyne avvay in your vnrighteousnes and myssedeedes No whitte better happes doth Ieremie the Prophet thuÌ„der out vpon theÌ„ y shrinke from God and resist his word seeking to oppresse the worshippers therof in truth Saying Be thou not terrible vnto mee O Lord for thou art my â—ope in the day of my tribulatioÌ„ affliction Let my persecutours be confounded but not mee Let them be afrayde and not mee Bringe vppon them the time of their plague and bruyse them vvith double contrition For when a maÌ„ is both tormented in mynde and afflicted wyth the losse of worldly wealth and also distempered and out of good frame in body that maÌ„ is with double contrition plagued Forsomuch therefore as these Melancholike furyes and perturbations proceede of sundry and diuers causes it is expediente first of all to take away the headspryng of the whole mischiefe to pluck vp by the rootes that inconuenience which disteÌ„pereth the mynde The next is to cheerishe teÌ„der the body wyth all conuenient behoouefull attendaunce and by al meanes possible to assay somewhat to ease and mitigate those greate distemperaunces that infest aswell their bodyes as theyr myndes For surelye the case of these kinde of persons is to bee pytied insomuch that none except such as make non accompt of honesty and humanity eyther will or ought to flowte or mocke at them but rather will lament be sorie to see them brought into such pytiful taking and to be so lamentably fallen from the iudgement of right witte and reason S. Paule hath a worthye saylinge which also may well ve applyed to these persons Let him sayth he that thinketh himselfe to stande take heede lest he fall Whereby he aduyseth and admonisheth euery man in the whole course of this lyfe not to be too proud of any prosperity welfare neyther in putting toomuch trust therin to promyse vnto himself security For it may com to passe that by some mysfortune or outward accidente he may be taken tardie fall himselfe into worse diseases both of body and mynde and greater theÌ„ they whom a litle afore he so much skorned and mocked But because euery one may readily vnderstaÌ„d and knowe the notes tokens of a cold and drye Complexion I will heere by the way describe shew aswel the euideÌ„t marks of the bodely shape outwardlye as those of the mynd inwardly which in words deedes and conuersatioÌ„ shew out them selues apparantly and finally what effecte Melancholy worketh And because Melancholike nature is subiect to this Constitution the same signes and tokens are also hyther to be referred For whosoeuer is disposed to haue ful tryal of a cold and dry complexioned body and throughlye eyeth them that be Melancholicke shall at the first sight plainly perceyue them in al poynts to agree together For these complexioned persons are of body ill fauoured leane dry lank pylde skinned and wythout hayre crokenayled which throughe drynesse or siccitie become and grow crooked eueÌ„ like horne or leather that crumpleth together specially when this habite is throughlye by continuaunce settled and wyth encrease of qualities hath taken deepe rootes as appeareth in them y be worne wâ—th sicknes and Oldage And because al the parts of the body do fade drowpe and be no longer nourished it happeneth that the haires waxe thinne and by little little fall of and the face becommeth pale yelowyshe swarty For in all them that be Splenetique the colour fadeth and decayeth the feete swel the Stomack is with crudity distempered and by reason of ill humours hauing influence into it is many times troubled subiect to belking sower vomitting y breaking out wherof doth greatly ease them As touching the notes markes of their minds they are churlish whyning wayward ill to please stubborne intractable obstinate greedy of worldly goods couetous of money pinching and sparing wheÌ„ they haue got it not daringe to speÌ„d or bestow vpon theÌ„selues such things as the necessity of maÌ„s life for vse requyreth A man may also know theÌ„ by their kind of gate for they vse a certaine slow pace soft nyce gate holdinge down their heads with couÌ„tenaunce loke so grim and frowninge as thoughe they were lately come out of Trophonius denne or oute of some Caue vnder the ground such as the fabulous yawning of the earth in Irelande commonlye tearmed S. Patrickes denne or Purgatorye is To conclude the grimme and surlye Planet of Saturne together wyth Melancholie so disposeth them that as though they were bound by vow to sylence taciturnity a man shall scantly get a word out of their mouthes These therfore and many other lyke are incident vnto that coÌ„plexion and habite which is cold and drye and do ordinarily accompanye that kinde of naturall Melancholie which is somewhat is digressed from his righte state and purity But that which is in the body beside coÌ„trary to nature is farre worse and more pernicious and it is aptlie tearmed blacke Melancholie whereof there bee three sortes or differences One is of Melancholike iuyce turned eyther by putrefaction or combustion of straunge and forreyne heat into Ashes like Wood or other combustible substaunce burnt wyth the force of fier brought into Cinders That which is putrefyed hath a sower sharpe and tart quality That which proceedeth of heate doth adure or burne and wyth his sharpe and byting Nature doth much infesâ—e and disquiet the body differing from Melancholike iuyce as Lees burnt do froÌ„ Lees feces not burnt For these feces and Lees which were neuer adusted and burnt are a great deale myelder then those wherof Aqua vite or Aqua Composita is made The seconde which is worst of all is compact and made of yealowe or yolkie Choler aduste whereby it commeth to passe that it is blacke like pytch and shyneth like to Ieate Bitumen Colophonia and as certayne resynie stuffe intermyngled and perfused wyth a Yelowyshe blacke shyning by reason of the fierye consistence of the parts in that thicke and compact matter It

haue but meerilye discoursed the tyms ioyously passed there appeare for the space of certayne dayes after in hys face and countenaunce forehead browes lippes eyes and beckes for all these are be wrayers and tellers of the minde inwardly great tokens of myrth and alacrytie and many arguments do outwardly testify the chereful dispositien of the internal Spyrits For the body being heated wyth laughing and ioyinge with kissing and dalying wyth dauncinge Wyne and singing is made fresher and better coloured for that the Bloud is diffused into the vtter part and habite of the body These are therfore the causes why the eating of an Hare dryueth away and dispelleth the Cloudy cares of the mynd maketh the countenaunce cleare and delectable the face ruddie fayre and wall complexioned For as they that be angrye or perplexed wyth feare are commonly seene to be of a troubled and disquiet mynde and by manye outward signes to bewray the affections of their afflicted conscieÌ„ce euen so they that haue the world at wyl and their hartes farre from all carefull affections troublesome perturbations shewe forth sure and certayn tokens therof in the body outwardly yea the verye countenaunce colour face forhead eyes mouth and generallye all the other fashions gestures thereof do pretend and witnesse a certain securitye of mynde that is at peace and quietnes wythin it selfe Now as touching Diet Let them that bee of this cold and dry Constitution and they that bee MelaÌ„cholike accustome themselues to such meates as be of good and laudable iuyce to drincke that wyne which is of the best sort and purest let them lye in very soft beds and sleepe wel longe let them eschue forbeare all things that be salte and sower aboue all things let them take heede of crudity let theÌ„ vse moderate exercise styrring of theÌ„selues For as maryshes standing waters become dampish and stynking so likewise the body lacking exercise gathereth fulsoments pestilent sauours If violent motion exercise be vnto them painful and laborious they may recreat and exercise themselues wyth pleasaunt singing Musical instruments and delectable and walkinges Let them banish away all affectioÌ„s of the mind heauinesse sorrow thought hatred anger indignation enuye c. Neither let them suffer any such to lodge wythin their hearts let them also auoyd solitarynesse long abstinence lassitude and let them vse at possible meanes to restore theyr right powers first wyth meats and nourishments that be liquide for they do quicklyest nourish and encomber not the Stomacke greatly in concoction but when their powers bee encreased let them acquainte themselues and vse meates that be solide and substantiall Let theyr bread be of the fynest wheate and let them eate thereof but measurablye and sparinglye for it is hardlye concocted and taryeth longe in the stomacke and therefore to Labourers Caryers Maryners Carters and such like it bryngeth strength engendreth flesh durable fast Now they that in time of perfect and sound health do vse to eate litle bread haue strong breaths and stinking mouthes This proporcioÌ„ therfore is requisite there in to be vsed to eate twyse asmuch in bread as in victuall or other cates As concerning the order that they are to keepe for Dinner and supper vnlesse custome be to the contrary or that they be troubled wyth distillations of the heade let their Supper be larger and more in quantitye then dinner foreseene that immoderate faciety surphet be alwayes eschued To be short to knit vp this matter wyth an holesome aduyse and counsell let all such things as be prejudicial to health and hasten oldage before his tyme be put away and banished Chiefly and especiallye maynteining and keeping wything our selues tranquillity and constancy of mynde which gift we are most humbly and earnestly to craue at his handes which most bountefully bestoweth and powreth out his blessed giftes lyberalitye vppon vs who is God our heauenlye Father and his deare eternall Sonne Christ our onely Sauiour For besyde y oÌ„utward gifts and things transitorye which at his bountifull handes for oure vse coÌ„modity we moste abundaÌ„tly tast and enioy he also directeth our mindes wyth his holye Spyrite and moueth our cogitations wills euery minute to ensue that is good and godly He vrgeth and pricketh vs forwarde continually so that wee feele the motions of his mighty power working in our harts by streÌ„gthning and confyrming our Fayth that we thereby constantly leaning to the promyses of God maye rest in a sure trust and vndoubted hope to be afterwards made partakers of his Heauenly ioy in euerlasting felicity Amen Thomas Newtonus Cestreshyrius FINIS THE TABLE ADolescencie 29. Aduertisemente to Studentes 52 Affections natural 35 Affections hovv and vvhereof they come 9. proceding of surphet dronkeÌ„nesse 10. 59. Affections of the mynde alter the colour coÌ„plexion of the face and bodye 90. Affections coÌ„mon to al men 59. harmes thereof ibid. Ague called Ephemera 102. Ague called Epiala 107. Agues tertian 132 Agues burning ibid. Agreement betvvene the harte the brain 141 Anacardus good for the memorie 126 Angels good and euill 22. 24 Angels entermingle and shuffle in themselues among our humours 153 Anger 58. 128. 141 Apoplexie 126 Aristomenes his suttle shifting 43 Arteries 89 Astonishment 94 B BAldnesse hovv it commeth 69 Banquetting fit for persons melancolique 5 moderately vsed commendable 76 Bathes Artificiall 74 Bathes naturall ibid. Beard hovv to make it grovv 42 Beard redde not alvvayes a token of ill nature 130. Best thinges and excellent muste not vpon dispayre be geeuen ouer 34 Bloud hath all the other humours mixed in it 86 87. 89. Bloud forbidden by Moyses lavv to be eaten vvhy 89. Bloud of greate force in framing the disposition maners 96. 99 Bloud boyleth in young persons like spurginge of nevv vvyne in the tunne 98 Bloud prouoketh to vvilfulnes 101 Bloudletting not rashly to be enterprised 55. 89 Bloud and spirite the treasure of lyfe ibid et 86 Bloud of fishes colde 61 Blynde byardes 102 Body ful of sicknesse maketh lyfe vnpleasauÌ„t 3 Body consisteth of three thinges 7 Body cold and drye hovv it looketh 27 Body and mynde vvhole and sicke together 75 Bolde rashnes 44 Brabanders 17 Braggers 101 Brayne drye causeth il memory 69. 120 Brayne moyste nothinge retentiue nor memoratiue 120 Brayne temperate the mayntenaunce of memorye ibid Braynes best to be eaten for the helping of memorye 125 Braynes distempered by vvhat signes vve may knovve them 143 Bread. 156 Brothes and liquid meates soonest nourish and are quickliest digested ibideÌ„ C Cayne a paterne of desperation 140 Caloes 99 Canis panem somnians a prouerbe 114 Catchpoles 58 Carnall act hurtfull to drye and cold complexions 74. hurtful in Sommer 81. vveakeneth the body 120. 133. dulleth the vvit and memory ibid. harmes therof 105. commodities therof ibid. moderation ibid. very hurtfull to olde men and

Bloud 99. Scottes 18 Scoffers 101 Secke 102 Seede 85. 105. 106. pollution and effluxioÌ„ therof hovv it hapneth 113 Shauing of the beard helpeth memory 124 Shauing of the head ibid. Short stature vvherof it commeth 27 Sicknesse vvhat it is 12 Signes of sicknesse approching ibid. Sickly persons must eate little bread 156 Signes of a brain distempered 143 Signes of suche as bee subiecte to melancholy 147. Sinne cause of sicknesse and death 67 Sleepe and the commodities thereof 57. 73. time space therof 57. to vvhat vse it serueth 95. good for Cholerick persons 133 Sleepers soundly 57. Small vnquiet sleepers 58. Sleepe by day ill and vnholsome 58. good for rauing or Idlenesse of the brayne 152 Sleeping person heauier then a vvatching 5 Slouth and ease 52 Sound Parents beeget sound children 85 Solitarie persons subiect to the Apoplexie 61 Snailes life 62 Soule 12 Sounding 133 Soueraigntie of the hart 109 Spaniardes 18 Spettle 87 Speach hovv to be restored 126 Spirite 7 vvhat it is 8. requireth great care ibid. being in good case teÌ„per causeth tranquillitie of mynde ibid. being disteÌ„pered it vvorketh suÌ„dry motioÌ„s bringeth disquietnes ibid vvhat thinges bee thereto moste hurtfull and vvhat most comfortable ibid. 19. 20. greatly comforted vvith svvete smelles 126 Spirite animall and theffects thereof 15 Spirite vital ibid Spirite of nature 20 Stammers 111. cannot speake softlye ibideÌ„ 147. Stitches 103 Stinking breath hovv it commeth 156 Stomacke and head engendrers and keepers of Phlegme 109 Store of hayre hovv it commeth 41 Strong breath and stinking mouthes 156 Studie by candlelight hurtful 74 Studentes exercises 75 Superstition 24 Supper 156 Svveate 87 T TAlnesse of personage 27 Temperance 60 Temperature vvhat it is 32. nine differences thereof ibid. subiect to chaunge 88 Testicles 85 Tettars 134 Text of Esay expounded 114 Themistocles vvished to learne the Arte of forgetfulnes 122. his nature disposition vvhile he vvas young 130 Thinges making good digestion spirites 5 Thinges good for the memory 125 Thinges not natural sixe 46 Thinne bloud 13 Three most holsome thinges for health 7 Timon a deadly hater of al men and al companye 143 Time for euery matter 77 Tokens of a cold complexion 64 Tokens of a moist body 80 Tokens of the dispositioÌ„ of phlegmaticke persons 114 Tokens of sanguine persons 99 Tormentes of an vnquiet minde and guilty coÌ„science 143 Tranquillitie of minde 31. 59 Traunce 103 Triall of good horses 54 Trophonius Denne 146 True goodes 2 Tumblers 101 Turpentine 72 Turpentine hovv to prepare it ibid. to make it liquide and potable ibid V VEnerie Vide Carnall acte Veyne opened shevveth oculerly ech of the four humours 86 Veines from vvhence they spring 89 Vertues defaced and marred by vices 44 Vitall moisture 7 Vitall spirite 12 Vlcers 134 Vnholsome meates spilleth nature 27 Vnablenes in some to beget children 43 Vomite must be seeldome prouoked 55 vvhen to vomite ibideÌ„ to vvhat persons it is most hurtful 56 Voyce 45 VV WAnne colour 65 VVasshing of the head 126 VVatching ouermuch hurtful 58 VVavvvard persons 12 VVhores 106 VVolfe a disease 134 VVomen full of hayre on their heads 42 VVomen hayrie lecherous ibid. cause of barrennes in vvomen 43 VVormevvood holsome for the Lyuer 104 VVringing in the small Guttes 129 VVyfe bravvlinge and skoldinge likened to a dropping house 110 VVylie Foxes 130 VVylie vvinckers 58 VVyne hurtfull to children 49. maketh the hart mery 138. VVisemen sometime fearefull 94 Y. YouÌ„gmen somtimes vveake vvearish feeble and vvhy 28 Youngman sodenly gray headed 91 Youth 29 Z ZEale vvithour knovvledge 25 Zelanders 17 Zeno. 5 T N. FINIS Lib. 2. Offic. Mainteners of health Health Sickenes Soule Sat. 10. True goods Health passeth gold Hor. lib. 1 epist. epist. ad Albium Nosce te ipsum Eccles 7 Death by ill diet many times hastened before his due time Lib. 2. Georg. The minde ib. 8. ca. 7. Mago made LioÌ„ tame VVhat maketh good digestion Eccle. 31. VVhat maketh a man merie The nature of Lupines A dead man heauier theÌ„ a lyuing Hor lib. 3 Oda 21. Euery man must search out his ovvn inclination and nature It is someâ—â— time good to chaunge nature Lib. 12. Cap. 1. Genes 2. The commoditie of matrimony Three most holsome thinges Georg. 3 The bodye consisteth in thre things Humour Heate Spirite Pers Sat. â— Things hurt full to the spirits of man. Prouer. 17 Eccle. 30. Things coÌ„fortinge the Spirits What Spirite is The heart is the fountaine of life Foure natural povvers The office of digestioÌ„ Howe affections are caused Cruditie hurtfull Oppilation and putrefaction the original cause of diseases What riott bringeth a man to Matth. 14 Iohn Baptist beheaded Disturbers of publique peace ought to be rooted out The fourme of a coÌ„mon wealth 1. Cor. 12. Members of mans body Li. 2. Dec. 1. No meÌ„ber in the whole body but it serueth to some necessary vse Signes wherby to know when a man is not wel at ease Vital spirite Northern people Lib. 1. Grosse blud Thin bloud WheÌ„ce the diuersitie of natures coÌ„meth RebellioÌ„ in the body Levvde thoughts Gen. 6. 8. Spirite animal 12. Meth. Erick kinge of Sweden Germans HollaÌ„ders Hollanders forgetful sleepie Old men children forgetfull Education altereth nature ZelaÌ„ders The nature of such as be borne and bred neere the Sea. Flemyngs Brabanders Italians Italians wil couertly beare a secret grudge in mynde a great while Pers Sat. 5 Englishmen Englishmen and Scottes haue greate stomacks angry Spaniardâ— Vir. lib. 4. A Enei Spaniardes haue good wittes Frenchmen Frenchmen prompt and ready witted Good diet holesome Ayre Spirite of Nature The Spirite of the Lord. Psalm 33 Genes 1. Iohn 1. Hexa lib. Gen. 1. Lib. 3. de Arte amaÌ„di Lib. 6. Fast Actes 17. Aratus in Pheno Angels Hebr. 1. Lares Good Angels Ill Angels DaemoÌ„ Ã sciendo 2. Para. 26 Hebr. 4. Psalm 7. How the deuil learneth the thoughts of meÌ„ One man a deuill to an other Matth. 4. 2. Cor. 12. Iob. 30. Howe farrâ— deuils are able to hurte vs. Humours giue occasion to vices Sapien. 1. Gen. 2. What the Holy Ghâ—â— worketh ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ vs. Gal. 4. Rom. 8. Fayth bringeth forth workes De preparat EuaÌ„g lib. 1. Superstition Art. Poet. IuueÌ„ Saty 14 Tuscul 3. Rom. 10. Zeale withoute knowledge In Arte Poet. A Eneid lib. 1. IIII. ElemeÌ„tes TueÌ„d valet lib. 1. Meate and Ayre a like necessary The nature of seede and bloud Cause of talnesse â—â—ildren â—â—ulde not sâ—aÌ„ted of eâ—r victuâ— Naughty vnholesome meate spilleth nature Shorte stature how it commeth Olde age Death what it is Lustye olde age wherof it coÌ„meth â—hat maâ—th yonge â—e weake What thiÌ„gs are hurtfull to health Art. Poet. Iob. 14. Infancie Childhod Pubertie Adolescencie Youth MaÌ„s age Death to the faythful not to be feared The times of the yeare compared to the ages of man. Metam lib. 15. TraÌ„quillity and quietnes of mind Temperament Temperament Intemperatures Compound drouges named of

wyther away againe so likewyse youth and flourishing age by vsing ill order and fashion is dryed vppe before his due time and ere it come to his full rypenes Therefore to decline and shunne such things as be hurtful and to prolonge lyfe many yeares and to bring to passe that olde age shall not be tedious cumbersome and burdenous but easye pleasaunt and delightful it lyeth a man in hand to take that order and trade whereby health may be maynteyned and still preserued or if it happen to be discrased and empayred how it may againe be restored and bettered The thinges that hinder and crushe it and which do weaken alter and corrupt the temperament that naturally is in vs are not fewe For the Humours of the body receiue and take sondry qualityes accordinge to the faculties that be in our nourishmente and in the order of our vsual diet Wherunto are to be added Bathes Heate Exercise Cold Wearynes Thyrst HuÌ„ger Sleepe Rest the state of the Ayre and affections of the mynde all which do sondry wayes alter the habite and state of our bodyes for the most part maketh them worse By this meanes the bodye that was hoate and moyste is by litle and litle broughte to be cold and drye or to some other ill qualitye Also as yeares age steale on vs as times come and go as the world frameth with vs eyther forward or backwarde in prosperitye or aduersity in good fortune or bad manye thinges happeÌ„ vnto a man which shake shrewdly batter a maÌ„s good health Vnto which effect the Poet Horace very aptly in my opynion wryteth thus VVhile yeres be fres he gallant is our age Full many ioyes and pleasures do vve tast But elder yeares those iolie ioyes doth svvage And disaduauntage to vs bringe as faste Wherunto accordeth that same sentence of holy Iob where hee doth liuely expresse set out the fraile momentanie vaine traÌ„siory state of mans life and to how manye discommodities dauÌ„gers aud chaunges the same is subiecte and endaungered A man sayth hee that is borne of a vvoman hath but a short time to liue and is full of myserie he commeth vp and is cut dovvne like a goodlye flovver and vanisheth avvay like a shadovv neuer continueth still in one state For as yeares do passe and mans age doth march forward there still happen chaunges and mutacions For age is no other thing but the race or course of life or the time that wee haue to runne from oure Infancie till wee come to olde age in which time the state and constitution of mans Bodye is altered and steppeth from one temperamente to an other and at lengthe natiue heate beinge extincte by death is diuorced and broughte to finall dissolution Thus hath Infancie which of all others is the moystest in it great aboundaunce of naturall heate and in the fourth or seuenth yeare suffreth mutacion in those yeares commonly we be in great daunger Nexte after it is Childhoode contynuinge till aboute the fiftenth yeare of oure Age and the same subiecte to no few hazards and discommodities Pubertie is prone and subiect to very manye inconueniences which taketh his ende at the age of xviii yeares As for wylfull and slypperye Adolescencie which endeth at xxv yeares is as the others subiect to soÌ„dry casualties mutacions as dayly experience sheweth Youth or flourishing Age wherein the body and mynde be in their chiefeste prime and iolitye lasteth till a man bee xxxv yeares olde durynge which Age Bloude beareth swaye aboundantlye and Humours somewhat waste whereby it happeneth that this temperamente in continuaunce and processe of time beginneth to bee taken for Hoate and Drye whereas Adolescencye is aboundantlye stoared both of moysture and heate Mans Age reacheth to the fiftyeth yeare or somewhat further in which tyme man is in his full rypenes and leauing former pleasures and delightes his mynde aduysedlye carefullye and wysely dealeth in euery thinge that he enterpryseth But the Bodye standeth at one staye suffreth no great mutacion till sixtie three or sixtie fiue yeres of age for then Age hasteneth on apace and draweth towarde his longe home and then beginneth the bodye to be colde and drye beinge the firste enteraunce and steppe into Oldeage which is the nexte neyghboure to decrepicie and dotage that standeth at the pittes brincke neerest vnto death Which as it is not rashlye to be wyshed for so neyther is it amonge Chrystians at all to bee feared consyderynge that the Soule beinge by Fayth assured of a better and sweeter lyfe and hauinge an vndoubted hope of a Resurrection oughte in this poynte to bee throughly perswaded and be ful wylling cheerefullye to departe hence In the meane space whyle hee hath to runne his race in this worlde euerye man maye so behaue himselfe and qualefye his dealynges that through temperate vsage and orderlye moderation of lyfe in youth hee maye bee furnished wyth helpes and haue in stoare some of his former strenghte the better to passe ouer his Olde Age and therein to feele the lesse tediousnes For whereas euerye other Age hath hys certayne tyme and prescripte terme how longe it shall last onely Old age hath no time to it appointed but to liue as longe as hee maye and to wayte for death and bid it welcome when soeuer it commeth Pythagoras very properly applyeth the foure quarters of the yeare that is Springe SoÌ„mer Autumne and Wynter being times compreheÌ„ded wythin the two A Equinoctia the two Solstitia to the fower ages of man Whose sayinge and opynion Ouid in Verses to this effecte descrybeth Do vve not see the yeare by course in quarters foure deuided Hovv iumpe it aunsvveres to our age if vvell it be decided For sucking Babe and tender Impe the Springe resembleth right VVhich into Sommer glides apace like blade deuoyde of might VVhen Spring is past then marcheth on the Sommer tricke and gay VVhich likened is to lusty youth strong dapper lacking stay VVhen youthfull fancies mellovved be then Autumen steppes in place Tvvixt yong and olde of iudgement ripe vvith medley hayres on face Old crookebackte Hyems last of all vvith trembling pace appeares VVith furrovved face cleane bald or els All vvhite and mylky hayres This chaungeable alteration this conuersion mutabilitye inconstancye and inclination of thinges from one to an other in the whole course of nature doth manifestlye argue and proue all thinges to be momentanie vaine transitory brittle ruinous and vanishinge as a flower of the field quickly fading away Seinge therefore the bodye continuallye slydeth into worse and worse case suffreth many detrimentes whereby our strength and powers be empaired and manye wayes both inwardlye and outwardlye enfeebled it standeth vs vppon not negligently but carefully to loke to the conseruation thereof and so carefullye to prouyde for the same that it may continue in state sound health ful so long as nature hath limitation Here is

no neede of anye examples reasons or proofes sithens euery man is therein throughly experienced and perswaded how vnwillinge al men in generall bee to leaue the sweetenes of this lyfe with what greate care study industrye euery man will striue to keepe his body in health and ridde it from sicknesses and diseases which do not onely for the time greuously assault bruise torment afflict the body with paine and doloure but also set before oure eyes a certayne representation or shew of death it selfe I will not here speake of the disquietnes and trouble wherin the mynde thereby is plunged of the manyfolde affections at such a time specially oppressing the same Who is he I pray you that being in these so great and so many calamities turmoyled in these vexatioÌ„s miseries griefe and shortnes of life so charged and ouerwhelmed would not gladly seeke some remedy and mitigation of his dolors and prouyde for some helpes to comfort ease his irksome labours Which thinges who soeuer is desyrous to seeke and obtayne must not thincke that things momentany as wealthe rychesse honours Lordshippes greate possessions fayre houses sumptuous and costly apparell after the brauest guyse and maner wrought and deuysed can helpe him thereto but a quiet well stayed mynde free and cleare from all perturbations and next to that a sound and healthfull body that is free from sicknes which be the best and chiefest things that a maÌ„ can aske and haue at the bountefull hands of God so loÌ„g as hee hath in this world to continue his pylgrimage Â¶ The fift Chapter describing what Crasis or TemperameÌ„t is wherin consisteth the plighte state constitution and complexion of euery mans bodie CRasis or temperamente for the order of oure worke requyreth the same by definition to be declared is an agreemeÌ„t and conueniencie of the first qualities Elementes amonge themselues Or and equall mixture or proportion of the qualityes of the Elements wherin no excesse blame-worthy or faultye is to be founde Contrarywyse InteÌ„perature is that which is compact of the disagreeable and vnlike powers of ElemeÌ„ts and qualities and swarueth from moderation And as in Musicall Instruments there is perceyued a certayne accord of times and a sweete agreeable harmonie in stryking the stringes that no vnpleasauÌ„t discord or buÌ„gling iarre dislyke the curious eare of the hearer so lykewyse in a temperate habite of the body there is an apt and conuenient mixture and temperature of the Elements and qualities insomuch that no one qualitye can by it selfe be shewed but a constante absolute and perfect composition minglinge of the qualities and Elements all together And as in makinge Salades Sauces or medicines of many soÌ„dry herbes the Compounds be al mingled together and euery of the ingredients becom as one insomuch that no one thinge appeareth or can by it selfe be discerned or perceyued so likewyse happeneth it in the qualities of the ElemeÌ„ts of whose mixture coÌ„meth is made at our creatioÌ„ natiuity the first original of our substaÌ„ce In which teÌ„peratures mixtures there be ix seueral differences wherof one is temperate in eche respecte absolute lac nothing that is thereto requisite in the which no one of the clementall qualityes exceedeth or passeth an other but be in an equal measure euen proportioÌ„ without any thing amysse or any disteÌ„peraunce at all Eyght bee intemperate whereof Foure be symple and Foure compounde That temperature which is only hoate wherin heate surmouÌ„teth cold is the equality of moysture and drynesse Cold wherein coldnes beareth dominton Moyst wherein moysture chiefly ruleth And dry where drynesse is aboue moysture the reste beinge a lyke and equall that is to say tempered wyth hoate and cold The compound temperatures which be compouÌ„d of two qualities together are these hoate moist Hoate and dry Cold moyst Cold dry of whom the constituion of the bodye which the Greekes do call ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ and the common sort Complexion amonge the Phisitions is named and termed of that which in the myxture beareth chiefest swaye For wyth them that body is called hoate where is moste stoare of heate Drye wherin drynes raygneth And lykewyse of the residue So the composition of medicynall drouges wherin be soÌ„dry ingredientes hath hys name of some such one of the same as is chiefest and more of force then the other as Dianucum Diacappar Hiera picra Diaphenicum Oleum Vulphinum c. Now because I would haue this matter exactly vnderstoode as a thyng not onely to Physitions but to all y destre to lyue in health right holesome and auayleable I will as farre as I am able and as diligentlye as I can declare and set out the reasons order and effecte of euery one And first wil I begin with the state of the Temperate nature or at least I will pourtraict set before your eyes a patterne and image thereof first coÌ„ceyued in mynd or imaginatioÌ„ not that there is any such to be shewed in the whole world neither can any such be found in deede vnlesse peraduenture as a man should say that God speciallye and originallye had priuiledged some suche from heauen but I wil set it downe for y all that other natures in meÌ„ are ought hyther to be referred by this rule to be tryed that euery man may perfectly behold what in himself is to much and what too litle Neyther let a maÌ„ be ouer-rash and hasty in seing a body that is of hoate habite to iudge heate in the same to be aboue moysture or colde to preuayle aboue drynesse vnlesse hee haue a very diligente and carefull respecte to this perfecte temperature and first set it before his eyes as a marke whereunto to leuell and direct his dealing and iudgement Â¶ Of a Complexion perfectly and exactly temperate The Sixt Chapter THe temperate state of bodye that is in ech respect perfecte absolute requyreth very diligentlye to be handled and throughlye to be discoursed for that I would haue the whole mynde therevnto to be directed al the rest of the states or habites of the body to it applyed and leuelled as it were by rule lyne y euery man may note and obserue in himself howe farre he is of from good sound disposition or integritye of temperature what way he were best to take to bring himself as neere as he can possibly into his former state againe For the farther from this that any man is in worse case of health is hee and a great deale readier to fall into diseases of body perturbatioÌ„s of mynde A body that is in eche respect perfect sound may most aptly be termed called Polycletlabus Rule Which prouerbe is appliable to al such thiÌ„gs as are done most perfectly wel wherin there is nothiÌ„g lacking nor amisse so that all other thiÌ„gs ought by it as by a Touchstone to be tryed The Metaphore is

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