to_o wit_n the_o knowledge_n of_o its_o term_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n 2._o it_o be_v form_n viz._n the_o connexion_n of_o those_o term_n contain_v in_o this_o practical_a proposition_n and_o particular_o such_o which_o because_o of_o the_o reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v to_o they_o may_v make_v it_o deserve_v to_o be_v call_v a_o divine_a natural_a law_n as_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o author_n of_o nature_n or_o 3._o the_o deduction_n of_o all_o other_o natural_a law_n from_o this_o as_o their_o foundation_n and_o original_a from_o that_o respect_n or_o proportion_n they_o bear_v to_o the_o common_a good_a or_o happy_a state_n of_o the_o whole_a aggregate_v body_n of_o rational_a being_n but_o as_o to_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v not_o be_v scandalize_v that_o we_o attribute_v reason_n to_o god_n and_o have_v reckon_v he_o as_o the_o head_n of_o rational_a being_n since_o we_o do_v not_o thereby_o mean_a that_o sort_v of_o reason_n which_o consist_v in_o deduce_a conclusion_n from_o prior_n proposition_n but_o rather_o that_o absolute_a omniscience_n and_o perfect_a wisdom_n which_o we_o understand_v to_o be_v in_o god_n which_o cicero_n himself_o can_v not_o better_o describe_v than_o by_o the_o name_n of_o adulta_fw-la ratio_fw-la or_o the_o most_o perfect_a reason_n and_o if_o we_o mortal_n can_v know_v or_o apprehend_v any_o aright_o thing_n of_o he_o it_o be_v as_o we_o do_v partake_v of_o some_o part_n though_o in_o a_o infinite_o low_a degree_n of_o that_o only_a true_a knowledge_n and_o understanding_n so_o that_o if_o we_o can_v once_o right_o judge_v that_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o other_o it_o be_v no_o doubt_n true_a and_o no_o otherwise_o true_a than_o as_o it_o be_v so_o apprehend_v by_o the_o divine_a intellect_n as_o when_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o we_o that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o deity_n itself_o have_v before_o the_o same_o idea_n of_o it_o so_o likewise_o if_o we_o have_v affirm_v that_o we_o can_v contribute_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n by_o our_o benevolence_n towards_o they_o and_o so_o may_v seem_v to_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a good_a common_a to_o we_o and_o the_o deity_n and_o which_o we_o may_v some_o way_n serve_v to_o promote_v we_o desire_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o as_o if_o we_o imagine_v that_o by_o our_o testify_v our_o love_n and_o honour_n towards_o god_n in_o any_o internal_a or_o external_a act_n of_o worship_n we_o can_v add_v or_o contribute_v any_o thing_n to_o his_o infinite_a happiness_n and_o perfection_n but_o only_o as_o judge_v it_o more_o grateful_a and_o agreeable_a to_o his_o nature_n if_o by_o our_o deed_n we_o express_v our_o gratitude_n and_o obedience_n to_o he_o by_o imitate_v he_o in_o our_o care_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n than_o if_o we_o deny_v his_o be_v or_o blaspheme_v his_o attribute_n and_o violate_v or_o contemn_v his_o law_n so_o likewise_o if_o in_o our_o thought_n word_n and_o action_n we_o express_v our_o worship_n and_o love_n towards_o he_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o be_v more_o please_a and_o agreeable_a to_o his_o divine_a nature_n than_o if_o by_o the_o contrary_a action_n we_o shall_v signify_v our_o neglect_n or_o hatred_n of_o he_o for_o if_o we_o abstractive_o compare_v any_o two_o rational_a nature_n together_o we_o must_v acknowledge_v a_o great_a similitude_n when_o one_o of_o they_o agree_v and_o co-operate_v with_o the_o other_o than_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v a_o disagreement_n or_o discord_n between_o they_o or_o that_o the_o end_n or_o design_n intend_v by_o the_o one_o shall_v be_v cross_v or_o oppose_v by_o the_o other_o neither_o do_v i_o see_v what_o can_v hinder_v but_o that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v affirm_v if_o one_o of_o these_o rational_a nature_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v god_n and_o the_o other_o only_o man._n therefore_o as_o it_o be_v know_v by_o our_o common_a sense_n that_o it_o be_v more_o grateful_a to_o any_o man_n to_o be_v belove_v and_o honour_v than_o to_o be_v hate_v and_o contemn_v so_o it_o may_v be_v find_v by_o a_o manifest_a analogy_n of_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v more_o grateful_a to_o god_n the_o head_n of_o rational_a being_n to_o be_v belove_v and_o honour_v by_o the_o service_n and_o worship_n of_o we_o man_n than_o to_o be_v hate_v and_o contemn_v for_o as_o the_o desire_n of_o be_v belove_v argue_v no_o imperfection_n in_o we_o so_o likewise_o in_o god_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o give_v the_o least_o suspicion_n thereof_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o rather_o argue_v his_o goodness_n since_o our_o nature_n be_v perfect_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o by_o our_o love_n to_o he_o and_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n so_o that_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o any_o good_a common_a to_o we_o with_o the_o divine_a nature_n it_o be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v analogical_o for_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o perceive_v to_o conserve_v or_o perfect_a our_o own_o nature_n we_o call_v grateful_a to_o we_o that_o be_v as_o they_o render_v the_o mind_n please_v and_o full_a of_o joy_n pleasure_n and_o satisfaction_n and_o though_o we_o confess_v we_o can_v contribute_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o infinite_a perfection_n of_o the_o deity_n yet_o since_o this_o joy_n or_o complacency_n proceed_v from_o our_o love_n and_o service_n towards_o he_o may_v be_v conceive_v without_o any_o imperfection_n they_o i_o think_v may_v be_v safe_o attribute_v to_o his_o divine_a nature_n and_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o sort_n of_o good_a endeavour_v by_o we_o for_o he_o since_o god_n esteem_v our_o love_n and_o service_n as_o the_o only_a tribute_n we_o can_v pay_v he_o and_o therefore_o he_o have_v inseparable_o annex_v the_o high_a reward_n to_o this_o love_n of_o himself_o as_o shall_v be_v prove_v in_o this_o follow_a discourse_n which_o certain_o he_o will_v never_o have_v do_v unless_o it_o have_v be_v his_o will_n that_o we_o shall_v thus_o love_v and_o worship_v he_o so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o divine_a good_a or_o happiness_n be_v not_o at_o all_o advance_v by_o our_o worship_n of_o he_o yet_o will_v not_o this_o at_o all_o derogate_a from_o our_o definition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n which_o may_v be_v make_v out_o by_o these_o follow_a consideration_n 1._o that_o all_o rational_a being_n or_o agent_n be_v and_o must_v be_v consider_v together_o as_o natural_o and_o necessary_o constitute_v one_o intellectual_a system_n or_o society_n because_o they_o agree_v together_o to_o prosecute_v one_o chief_a end_n viz._n the_o good_a of_o the_o universe_n or_o world_n especial_o of_o that_o intellectual_a system_n by_o the_o fit_a mean_n applicable_a to_o that_o end_v since_o whilst_o they_o be_v true_o rational_a they_o can_v differ_v in_o judge_v what_o be_v that_o best_a end_n nor_o avoid_v choose_v the_o same_o necessary_a mean_n lead_v thereunto_o 2._o that_o although_o god_n the_o head_n of_o this_o intellectual_a system_n be_v indeed_o uncapable_a of_o any_o addition_n to_o his_o infinite_a happiness_n and_o perfection_n yet_o the_o whole_a system_n in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o include_v all_o finite_a rational_a being_n be_v capable_a of_o improvement_n in_o these_o its_o finite_a part_n which_o improvement_n god_n can_v only_o desire_v but_o ever_o do_v and_o will_v promote_v both_o by_o his_o own_o power_n as_o also_o by_o that_o of_o all_o subordinate_a voluntary_a agent_n whereby_o god_n essential_a goodness_n become_v manifest_a to_o we_o and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a system_n may_v reasonable_o be_v judge_v as_o grateful_a or_o please_v to_o god_n the_o head_n thereof_o although_o it_o can_v add_v nothing_o to_o himself_o thus_o in_o embryo_n all_o the_o other_o member_n daily_o grow_v and_o improve_v after_o the_o head_n or_o brain_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v attain_v its_o full_a bigness_n these_o voluntary_a or_o free_a action_n of_o the_o subordinate_a agent_n when_o they_o concur_v with_o god_n wisdom_n and_o goodness_n be_v natural_o and_o evident_o know_v to_o be_v more_o please_a as_o be_v reward_v by_o he_o than_o malevolent_a action_n opposite_a to_o this_o chief_a end_n which_o fight_v both_o against_o god_n and_o man_n nor_o do_v the_o consideration_n of_o god_n reward_v such_o good_a action_n imply_v any_o addition_n to_o his_o divine_a perfection_n so_o that_o our_o benevolence_n towards_o god_n and_o consequent_o our_o worship_n of_o he_o be_v but_o our_o free_a acknowledgement_n that_o he_o natural_o and_o essential_o be_v what_o he_o ever_o be_v and_o will_v
of_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n above_o all_o other_o knowledge_n whether_o natural_a or_o civil_a and_o that_o deserve_o as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o usefulness_n as_o certainty_n since_o it_o be_v to_o that_o alone_a as_o most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o natural_a faculty_n of_o mankind_n that_o man_n before_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o divine_a revelation_n owe_v the_o discovery_n of_o their_o natural_a duty_n to_o god_n themselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o cicero_n have_v show_v we_o at_o large_a in_o those_o three_o excellent_a treatise_n de_fw-fr officiis_n de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la and_o de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la and_o though_o i_o grant_v we_o christian_n have_v now_o clear_a and_o high_a discovery_n of_o all_o moral_a duty_n by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n yet_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a religion_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n still_o of_o great_a use_n to_o we_o as_o well_o for_o the_o confirmation_n as_o illustration_n of_o all_o those_o duty_n since_o by_o their_o knowledge_n and_o the_o true_a principle_n on_o which_o they_o be_v found_v we_o may_v be_v convince_v that_o god_n require_v nothing_o from_o we_o in_o all_o the_o practical_a duty_n of_o reveal_v religion_n but_o our_o reasonable_a service_n that_o be_v what_o be_v real_o our_o own_o interest_n and_o concern_v our_o good_a and_o happiness_n to_o observe_v as_o the_o best_a and_o most_o perfect_a rule_n of_o life_n whether_o god_n have_v ever_o far_o enforce_v they_o or_o not_o by_o any_o reveal_v law_n and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n have_v high_o advance_v and_o improve_v these_o natural_a law_n by_o more_o excellent_a and_o refine_a precept_n of_o humility_n charity_n and_o self-denial_n than_o be_v discover_v before_o by_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n especial_o as_o to_o the_o great_a assurance_n we_o have_v of_o that_o grand_a motive_n to_o religion_n and_o virtue_n the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n or_o a_o life_n either_o eternal_o happy_a or_o miserable_a when_o this_o be_v end_v yet_o certain_o it_o be_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n alone_o by_o which_o mankind_n be_v not_o only_o to_o live_v but_o also_o to_o be_v judge_v before_o the_o law_n give_v to_o moses_n and_o it_o must_v be_v for_o not_o live_v up_o to_o this_o natural_a light_n that_o the_o heathen_n shall_v be_v condemn_v who_o never_o yet_o hear_v of_o christ_n or_o of_o a_o reveal_v religion_n and_o so_o can_v as_o st._n paul_n express_o declare_v to_o the_o roman_n believe_v on_o he_o of_o who_o they_o have_v not_o hear_v rom._n 10.14_o and_o therefore_o the_o same_o apostle_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o epistle_n appeal_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n from_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v see_v that_o be_v the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o natural_a religion_n and_o their_o fall_a notwithstanding_o this_o knowledge_n into_o that_o gross_a idolatry_n they_o profess_v as_o the_o only_a reason_n why_o god_n give_v they_o up_o to_o their_o own_o heart_n lust_n because_o that_o when_o they_o know_v god_n they_o glorify_v he_o not_o as_o god_n neither_o be_v thankful_a but_o become_v vain_a in_o their_o imagination_n and_o their_o foolish_a heart_n be_v darken_v five_o 21._o and_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n the_o apostle_n far_o tell_v they_o that_o when_o the_o gentile_n who_o have_v not_o the_o law_n do_v by_o nature_n the_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o law_n these_o have_v not_o the_o law_n be_v a_o law_n unto_o themselves_o show_v the_o work_n of_o the_o law_n write_v in_o their_o heart_n that_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n as_o the_o main_a substance_n or_o effect_n of_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n and_o that_o it_o be_v by_o this_o law_n alone_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v judge_v mark_v what_o immediate_o follow_v their_o conscience_n bear_v witness_n and_o their_o own_o thought_n or_o reason_v as_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v render_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n accuse_v or_o excuse_v each_o other_o and_o indeed_o the_o apostle_n suppose_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n as_o a_o rewarder_n of_o good_a work_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o natural_a as_o well_o as_o reveal_v religion_n and_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o save_a faith_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n chap._n 11._o v._n 6._o but_o without_o faith_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o please_v he_o for_o he_o that_o come_v unto_o god_n must_v first_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o rewarder_n of_o all_o they_o that_o diligent_o seek_v he_o but_o i_o need_v speak_v no_o more_o of_o natural_a religion_n and_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v to_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o reveal_v since_o the_o reverend_n and_o learned_a dr._n wilkins_n late_a bishop_n of_o chester_n have_v so_o well_o perform_v that_o noble_a undertake_n in_o that_o excellent_a posthumous_n treatise_n publish_v by_o the_o reverend_n dr._n tillotson_n now_o lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o which_o nothing_o needs_o to_o be_v add_v by_o so_o mean_v a_o pen_n as_o i_o but_o since_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o derive_v from_o god_n the_o legislator_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o true_a politic_n as_o be_v those_o which_o be_v appeal_v to_o in_o all_o controversy_n between_o civil_a sovereign_n and_o also_o be_v the_o main_a rule_n of_o those_o mutual_a duty_n between_o sovereign_n and_o their_o subject_n it_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v how_o these_o law_n may_v be_v discover_v to_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n now_o whereas_o this_o can_v only_o be_v do_v by_o one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n viz._n either_o from_o the_o certain_a and_o manifest_a effect_n and_o consequence_n that_o proceed_v from_o their_o observation_n or_o two_o from_o the_o cause_n from_o which_o they_o be_v derive_v the_o former_a of_o these_o have_v be_v already_o large_o treat_v of_o by_o other_o especial_o by_o the_o most_o learned_a hugo_n grotius_n in_o his_o admirable_a work_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la and_o by_o his_o brother_n william_n in_o that_o small_a posthumous_n treatise_n de_fw-fr principiis_fw-la juris_fw-la naturalis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o judicious_a mounseur_fw-fr puffendorf_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la &_o gentium_fw-la as_o also_o by_o our_o own_o countryman_n dr._n sharrock_n who_o have_v all_o undertake_v to_o prove_v their_o certainty_n from_o their_o general_a belief_n and_o reception_n by_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o civilise_a nation_n in_o all_o age_n to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v the_o learned_a mr._n selden_n in_o that_o most_o elaborate_a work_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la juxta_fw-la placita_fw-la hebraeorum_n and_o as_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o those_o great_a man_n have_v all_o deserve_v very_o well_o in_o their_o way_n so_o i_o think_v none_o deserve_v great_a commendation_n than_o that_o excellent_a work_n of_o grotius_n the_o elder_a which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o in_o its_o kind_n so_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o endure_v as_o long_o as_o virtue_n and_o justice_n shall_v be_v in_o esteem_n among_o mankind_n and_o though_o the_o objection_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v bring_v against_o this_o method_n of_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a moment_n as_o to_o render_v it_o altogether_o fallacious_a or_o useless_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v yet_o i_o free_o acknowledge_v they_o can_v chief_o serve_v to_o convince_v man_n of_o sincere_a and_o honest_a mind_n and_o who_o be_v natural_o dispose_v to_o virtue_n and_o right_a reason_n so_o that_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v more_o useful_a as_o well_o as_o certain_a to_o seek_v for_o a_o firm_a and_o clear_a demonstration_n thereof_o from_o a_o strict_a search_n and_o inquisition_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o also_o of_o our_o own_o self_n by_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o may_v attain_v not_o only_o to_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o also_o of_o that_o true_a principle_n on_o which_o they_o be_v found_v and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v all_o derive_v but_o it_o will_v not_o consist_v with_o the_o narrow_a bound_n of_o a_o preface_n to_o propose_v and_o answer_v all_o the_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v against_o their_o method_n of_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n neither_o perhaps_o can_v it_o be_v do_v at_o all_o to_o the_o universal_a satisfaction_n even_o of_o indifferent_a person_n since_o it_o may_v be_v still_o urge_v by_o those_o that_o do_v not_o admit_v they_o that_o although_o some_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n may_v be_v indeed_o approve_v of_o by_o our_o understand_n and_o
to_o the_o place_n in_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v use_v the_o consequence_n be_v evident_a because_o right_a reason_n can_v only_o prescribe_v that_o to_o be_v do_v which_o will_v consist_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v use_v and_o the_o person_n that_o be_v to_o use_v they_o so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a a_o division_n or_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n and_o humane_a assistance_n and_o labour_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o subsistence_n and_o happiness_n of_o all_o man_n whence_o it_o also_o follow_v that_o this_o necessary_a limitation_n or_o appropriation_n of_o any_o of_o these_o thing_n to_o particular_a person_n for_o the_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o be_v a_o natural_a separation_n of_o they_o from_o the_o use_n of_o all_o other_o during_o the_o time_n they_o be_v so_o make_v use_n of_o by_o one_o thing_n i_o mean_v such_o single_a thing_n as_o be_v uncapable_a of_o division_n and_o to_o make_v use_n of_o which_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o it_o be_v possess_v whole_a and_o entire_a such_o as_o be_v food_n clothes_n and_o the_o like_a for_o there_o be_v other_o thing_n which_o be_v likewise_o call_v one_o as_o one_o island_n one_o field_n and_o the_o like_a which_o may_v very_o well_o serve_v for_o the_o use_v of_o divers_a person_n at_o once_o and_o who_o division_n arise_v from_o the_o positive_a consent_n of_o man_n already_o enter_v into_o civil_a society_n or_o commonweal_n i_o need_v not_o now_o treat_v of_o §_o 26._o but_o from_o this_o natural_a division_n or_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n and_o its_o necessity_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n arise_v that_o natural_a and_o primitive_a right_a proceed_n from_o occupancy_n which_o both_o philosopher_n and_o civilian_n grant_v to_o have_v place_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n suppose_v a_o community_n of_o most_o thing_n for_o right_o be_v but_o a_o certain_a faculty_n or_o power_n of_o act_v or_o enjoy_v any_o thing_n grant_v we_o by_o a_o law_n but_o in_o this_o state_n there_o be_v no_o other_o law_n but_o that_o of_o right_a reason_n give_v by_o god_n concern_v such_o action_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n therefore_o since_o right_a reason_n require_v a_o separate_a use_n of_o particular_a thing_n and_o humane_a assistance_n as_o necessary_a and_o conduce_v to_o this_o end_n there_o must_v needs_o follow_v from_o thence_o a_o right_a to_o the_o use_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o any_o particular_a thing_n during_o the_o time_n the_o possessor_n so_o make_v use_v of_o it_o for_o a_o man_n have_v the_o same_o right_n to_o live_v tomorrow_o as_o he_o have_v to_o day_n and_o consequent_o have_v the_o same_o right_n to_o all_o the_o mean_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n therefore_o if_o this_o house_n servant_z or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o i_o be_o now_o possess_v of_o be_v necessary_a for_o my_o happiness_n or_o preservation_n to_o day_n i_o shall_v have_v also_o a_o like_a right_o to_o it_o for_o the_o future_a as_o long_o as_o it_o continue_v thus_o necessary_a and_o in_o this_o state_n there_o be_v no_o other_o judge_n of_o the_o mean_n of_o my_o own_o preservation_n but_o myself_o i_o shall_v have_v a_o right_a to_o it_o as_o long_o as_o i_o live_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o which_o i_o have_v a_o right_a to_o it_o at_o first_o so_o that_o unless_o the_o use_n or_o necessity_n cease_v i_o alter_v my_o mind_n concern_v it_o or_o assign_v my_o interest_n in_o it_o to_o another_o i_o have_v a_o perpetual_a right_n in_o it_o exclude_v that_o of_o any_o other_o during_o the_o time_n that_o i_o be_o thus_o possess_v of_o it_o not_o that_o i_o hereby_o grant_v every_o man_n a_o right_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n to_o all_o thing_n which_o his_o unreasonable_a passion_n or_o appetite_n shall_v fancy_n to_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o own_o preservation_n or_o happiness_n but_o only_o to_o so_o much_o of_o the_o mean_n conduce_v thereunto_o as_o any_o man_n whilst_o he_o judge_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o equity_n and_o the_o natural_a necessity_n of_o himself_o and_o family_n shall_v right_o so_o determine_v without_o arrogate_a or_o assume_v to_o himself_o more_o than_o be_v real_o necessary_a for_o those_o end_n and_o without_o rob_v other_o of_o what_o be_v also_o necessary_a for_o they_o which_o be_v downright_a violence_n and_o injustice_n §_o 27._o whence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o this_o natural_a division_n or_o property_n in_o thing_n first_o proceed_v from_o occupancy_n and_o possession_n as_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o all_o particular_a person_n so_o it_o must_v be_v likewise_o for_o that_o of_o mankind_n consider_v as_o a_o aggregate_v body_n consist_v of_o divers_a individual_n the_o same_o mean_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a as_o be_v requisite_a to_o all_o its_o constituent_a part_n or_o member_n though_o this_o kind_n of_o property_n may_v very_o well_o consist_v with_o community_n as_o at_o ordinary_n and_o theatre_n every_o one_o that_o pay_v his_o money_n have_v a_o right_a to_o his_o dinner_n or_o place_n yet_o none_o can_v tell_v which_o it_o be_v or_o where_o it_o shall_v be_v till_o he_o have_v it_o on_o his_o plate_n or_o be_v actual_o seat_v in_o it_o §_o 28._o whence_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o these_o principle_n be_v true_o draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n will_n without_o any_o more_o ado_n destroy_v mr._n h.'s_n wild_a hypothesis_n concern_v the_o natural_a right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n that_o he_o may_v thereby_o prove_v a_o right_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n in_o all_o man_n of_o do_v whatsoever_o they_o please_v towards_o other_o necessary_a to_o their_o preservation_n so_o that_o thence_o may_v arise_v a_o natural_a state_n of_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o and_o hence_o it_o likewise_o appear_v upon_o what_o ground_n every_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o his_o own_o life_n limb_n and_o liberty_n viz._n because_o they_o be_v the_o natural_a mean_n by_o which_o we_o be_v enable_v to_o serve_v god_n and_o assist_v mankind_n in_o do_v which_o we_o prosecute_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o from_o these_o principle_n here_o lay_v down_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o mr._n h.'s_n doctrine_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o dominion_n be_v not_o only_o precarious_a but_o manifest_o false_a which_o first_o suppose_v without_o any_o sufficient_a proof_n a_o unlimited_a right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n to_o be_v necessary_a to_o their_o preservation_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o natural_a law_n and_o civil_a society_n for_o the_o prove_v of_o which_o he_o only_o make_v use_v of_o some_o false_a and_o specious_a argument_n as_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v appear_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n §_o 29._o have_v now_o establish_v a_o natural_a property_n in_o such_o thing_n and_o humane_a help_n or_o assistance_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o man_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a i_o shall_v not_o concern_v myself_o to_o prove_v the_o convenience_n of_o civil_a property_n as_o now_o establish_v in_o most_o commonweal_n nor_o shall_v now_o trouble_v you_o with_o those_o mischief_n which_o aristotle_n in_o his_o politic_n have_v very_o well_o prove_v will_v follow_v from_o a_o community_n of_o thing_n from_o those_o unavoidable_a strife_n and_o contention_n which_o will_v daily_o arise_v from_o our_o use_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o common_a only_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v thus_o much_o that_o since_o mankind_n be_v so_o multiply_v in_o well-inhabited_n country_n that_o there_o be_v not_o land_n sufficient_a to_o be_v divide_v among_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n so_o as_o to_o serve_v for_o each_o person_n be_v comfortable_a subsistence_n without_o foreign_a trade_n or_o mechanic_n employment_n there_o must_v necessary_o follow_v a_o more_o full_a and_o exact_a division_n and_o appropriation_n of_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n such_o as_o be_v land_n or_o the_o use_n and_o product_n thereof_o as_o corn_n cattle_n and_o the_o like_a in_o order_n to_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o that_o nation_n or_o civil_a society_n by_o who_o consent_n such_o a_o division_n and_o appropriation_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v at_o first_o introduce_v which_o be_v once_o settle_v by_o civil_a law_n there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n for_o its_o continuance_n and_o man_n have_v as_o much_o right_n to_o those_o thing_n they_o thus_o enjoy_v by_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o the_o country_n where_o they_o live_v as_o they_o have_v before_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n to_o whatever_o they_o can_v possess_v by_o the_o right_n of_o
be_v not_o needful_a for_o themselves_o §_o 10._o the_o next_o observation_n we_o make_v be_v from_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o sense_n as_o also_o the_o imagination_n and_o memory_n in_o animal_n when_o they_o be_v take_v up_o and_o employ_v about_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n for_o since_o from_o the_o impression_n make_v on_o their_o organ_n of_o sense_n they_o can_v but_o perceive_v that_o such_o creature_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o themselves_o such_o notion_n must_v from_o the_o constitution_n of_o their_o nature_n move_v they_o to_o somewhat_o a_o like_a affection_n towards_o they_o as_o towards_o themselves_o but_o i_o shall_v here_o avoid_v all_o controversy_n concern_v the_o knowledge_n of_o brute_n or_o which_o way_n their_o affection_n be_v move_v by_o their_o imagination_n and_o shall_v only_o suppose_v that_o their_o imagination_n excite_v their_o passion_n and_o that_o these_o passion_n do_v likewise_o often_o produce_v the_o like_a motion_n or_o inclination_n in_o their_o fellow_n animal_n from_o whence_o i_o collect_v that_o this_o similitude_n of_o nature_n do_v high_o conduce_v to_o the_o procure_n of_o benevolence_n or_o concord_n among_o those_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o unaccountable_a antipathy_n or_o dissimilitude_n of_o disposition_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o excite_v enmity_n or_o discord_n between_o they_o which_o yet_o not_o often_o happen_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o animal_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o right_a sense_n and_o be_v mindful_a of_o themselves_o can_v forget_v other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n since_o under_o the_o same_o idea_n by_o which_o they_o conceive_v their_o own_o nature_n and_o the_o necessity_n thereof_o they_o can_v but_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o that_o of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o species_n with_o themselves_o and_o must_v also_o be_v sensible_a that_o such_o animal_n be_v urge_v by_o the_o like_a appetite_n of_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n as_o themselves_o be_v thereby_o move_v to_o seek_v food_n when_o hungry_a or_o thirsty_a and_o can_v but_o be_v also_o sensible_a that_o it_o be_v high_o grateful_a to_o they_o when_o the_o use_n of_o these_o necessary_n be_v leave_v free_a and_o undisturbed_a or_o else_o be_v administer_v to_o they_o by_o other_o or_o that_o they_o be_v any_o way_n assist_v by_o they_o in_o the_o obtain_v they_o §_o 11._o but_o since_o idea_n of_o this_o sort_n do_v constant_o spring_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o animal_n as_o also_o produce_v perpetual_a motion_n to_o love_n or_o goodwill_n arise_v necessary_o from_o this_o similitude_n of_o nature_n it_o also_o follow_v that_o they_o never_o so_o far_o deviate_v from_o their_o natural_a state_n as_o when_o through_o madness_n or_o any_o other_o violent_a appetite_n or_o passion_n they_o act_n contrary_a to_o these_o first_o and_o most_o natural_a dictate_v as_o all_o man_n grant_v it_o to_o be_v a_o preternatural_a disease_n in_o a_o dog_n when_o seize_v with_o madness_n he_o bite_v all_o other_o dog_n he_o meet_v with_o or_o when_o a_o sow_n through_o a_o deprave_a appetite_n eat_v she_o own_o pig_n nor_o indeed_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o inordinate_a passion_n which_o disturb_v the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o a_o animal_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o do_v extravagant_a action_n and_o hurtful_a to_o its_o own_o species_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n such_o as_o anger_n and_o vehement_a envy_n often_o time_n produce_v may_v not_o be_v just_o esteem_v as_o preternatural_a distemper_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o brain_n very_o like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o mad_a dog_n for_o there_o often_o appear_v in_o those_o that_o be_v transport_v with_o these_o passion_n all_o the_o symptom_n of_o those_o disease_n that_o proceed_v from_o a_o overflow_n of_o choler_n or_o a_o violent_a effervescence_n of_o the_o blood_n such_o as_o a_o icterial_a blackness_n of_o the_o face_n paralytic_a tremble_n and_o other_o sign_n well_o enough_o know_v to_o physician_n nor_o be_v a_o immoderate_a needless_a fear_n of_o animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n to_o be_v less_o reckon_v among_o such_o disease_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o preternatural_a or_o beside_o their_o constitution_n when_o in_o health_n but_o do_v likewise_o as_o well_o as_o other_o disease_n destroy_v the_o body_n by_o drive_v they_o into_o a_o immoderate_a sadness_n unseasonable_a solitude_n and_o watch_n with_o other_o symptom_n of_o predominant_a melancholy_n whence_o a_o untimely_a death_n be_v often_o accelerate_a neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o mean_a or_o end_v put_v to_o this_o unreasonable_a fear_n when_o once_o the_o mind_n be_v touch_v and_o infect_v with_o a_o false_a imagination_n that_o all_o other_o man_n design_v to_o kill_v and_o destroy_v they_o which_o madness_n be_v very_o like_a that_o of_o those_o who_o be_v bite_v by_o a_o mad_a dog_n be_v afraid_a of_o water_n and_o all_o liquid_n though_o they_o can_v live_v without_o they_o of_o which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o famous_a example_n in_o the_o french_a chronicle_n of_o king_n charles_n vi._n prince_n who_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o violent_a apprehension_n that_o all_o his_o servant_n be_v bribe_v by_o his_o son_n the_o dauphin_n to_o poison_v he_o do_v quite_o abstain_v from_o all_o food_n till_o at_o last_o he_o die_v as_o true_o of_o hunger_n as_o fear_n §_o 12._o and_o it_o be_v evident_a and_o mr._n h._n himself_o confess_v it_o that_o man_n as_o well_o as_o other_o sociable_a animal_n do_v more_o or_o less_o delight_n in_o the_o society_n of_o each_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v from_o those_o sign_n of_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n which_o they_o express_v when_o they_o meet_v after_o any_o long_a absence_n but_o since_o it_o be_v as_o plain_a that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o association_n and_o agreement_n proceed_v from_o the_o intrinseck_n nature_n of_o the_o creature_n and_o be_v no_o other_o than_o those_o by_o which_o the_o blood_n spirit_n and_o nerve_n be_v continue_v and_o preserve_v in_o a_o due_a and_o healthy_a state_n it_o as_o evident_o follow_v that_o the_o safety_n and_o preservation_n of_o each_o of_o they_o can_v be_v separate_v from_o a_o propension_n at_o least_o to_o a_o friendly_a association_n with_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n so_o that_o though_o they_o sometime_o quarrel_v about_o the_o same_o meat_n or_o female_a yet_o this_o do_v not_o any_o way_n cross_v or_o contradict_v this_o great_a end_n of_o nature_n of_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o universe_n but_o be_v rather_o in_o order_n to_o it_o viz._n when_o the_o desire_n of_o food_n in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n or_o lust_n to_o propagate_v their_o species_n prompt_v they_o to_o fight_v and_o sometime_o to_o destroy_v each_o other_o the_o time_n of_o which_o contention_n be_v yet_o but_o small_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o life_n in_o which_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o live_v in_o peace_n and_o that_o all_o animal_n be_v determine_v by_o nature_n to_o prosecute_v and_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o their_o own_o species_n by_o the_o same_o cause_n that_o preserve_v the_o life_n of_o each_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a appear_v from_o the_o great_a love_n and_o kindness_n which_o creature_n of_o the_o same_o species_n but_o of_o different_a sex_n express_v towards_o each_o other_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o perform_v the_o act_n of_o generation_n so_o high_o grateful_a and_o please_a to_o each_o other_o and_o thereby_o propagate_v their_o offspring_n which_o when_o bring_v forth_o they_o love_v and_o defend_v as_o part_v of_o themselves_o unless_o some_o unusual_a distemper_n intervene_v which_o may_v sometime_o disturb_v or_o change_v these_o natural_a propension_n as_o when_o sow_n or_o rabbit_n eat_v or_o destroy_v their_o young_a one_o which_o happen_v but_o seldom_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v account_v among_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o brain_n or_o distemper_n of_o the_o appetite_n than_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o their_o natural_a state_n or_o constitution_n and_o do_v no_o more_o contradict_v this_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n than_o the_o ascent_n of_o water_n in_o a_o pump_n do_v oppose_v that_o general_a rule_n of_o the_o constant_a descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n so_o that_o we_o may_v for_o all_o that_o affirm_v that_o the_o procreation_n of_o their_o young_a and_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o natural_a affection_n they_o have_v for_o they_o and_o desire_v of_o breed_v they_o up_o till_o they_o be_v able_a to_o shift_v for_o themselves_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o separate_v for_o preservation_n be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v the_o generation_n of_o the_o same_o creature_n still_o continue_v so_o that_o the_o same_o natural_a cause_n excite_v animal_n to_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o but_o
of_o a_o ordinary_a humane_a body_n do_v seldom_o exceed_v above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o that_o of_o a_o horse_n or_o bull_n yet_o for_o the_o motion_n and_o government_n of_o so_o much_o a_o small_a body_n nature_n have_v allow_v he_o near_o double_a the_o quantity_n of_o brain_n viz._n about_o the_o weight_n of_o four_o or_o five_o pound_n so_o that_o there_o be_v eight_o time_n as_o much_o brain_n appoint_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o like_a bulk_n in_o a_o man_n as_o in_o a_o ox_n or_o horse_n and_o though_o the_o carcase_n of_o the_o large_a sheep_n and_o hog_n do_v often_o weigh_v near_a as_o much_o as_o a_o humane_a body_n yet_o their_o brain_n be_v not_o above_o a_o eight_o part_n of_o the_o weight_n in_o proportion_n to_o we_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v thus_o ordain_v by_o nature_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a largeness_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o animal_n spirit_n shall_v be_v prepare_v in_o great_a plenty_n and_o also_o have_v more_o room_n to_o work_v and_o so_o shall_v become_v more_o lively_a and_o vigorous_a in_o man_n than_o in_o other_o creature_n since_o all_o the_o nerve_n do_v either_o spring_n from_o the_o brain_n or_o else_o from_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n which_o be_v continuous_a and_o of_o the_o same_o substance_n with_o it_o whence_o it_o may_v follow_v that_o this_o large_a quantity_n and_o consequent_o great_a strength_n of_o brain_n in_o a_o man_n above_o other_o creature_n be_v intend_v to_o serve_v he_o to_o direct_v and_o govern_v that_o great_a variety_n of_o motion_n and_o action_n depend_v thereupon_o with_o a_o more_o exact_a care_n and_o deliberation_n §_o 17._o a_o second_o observation_n to_o prove_v that_o man_n be_v a_o creature_n ordain_v by_o god_n for_o a_o full_a and_o more_o constant_a association_n with_o those_o of_o his_o own_o kind_a which_o also_o tend_v to_o the_o promote_a of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o his_o species_n than_o other_o creature_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o his_o blood_n and_o spermatick_a vessel_n by_o which_o his_o appetite_n to_o copulation_n be_v not_o confine_v as_o in_o most_o other_o creature_n to_o some_o certain_a time_n but_o be_v equal_o the_o same_o at_o all_o season_n of_o the_o year_n from_o whence_o proceed_v a_o desire_n of_o marriage_n or_o a_o constant_a cohabitation_n with_o one_o or_o more_o woman_n from_o whence_o must_v likewise_o follow_v a_o more_o constant_a generation_n of_o their_o offspring_n and_o a_o more_o last_a care_n of_o they_o when_o generate_v and_o bring_v forth_o for_o whereas_o brute_n quit_v the_o care_n of_o their_o young_a and_o drive_v they_o away_o from_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o be_v able_a to_o shift_v for_o themselves_o man_n alone_a love_n and_o cherish_v his_o offspring_n and_o continue_v his_o love_n and_o care_n of_o they_o as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v and_o still_o love_v they_o the_o more_o the_o long_o they_o have_v continue_v with_o they_o and_o the_o more_o care_n and_o pain_n they_o have_v bestow_v on_o their_o education_n and_o so_o likewise_o man_n be_v the_o only_a creature_n we_o know_v of_o that_o make_v any_o return_n for_o this_o care_n by_o act_n of_o duty_n and_o gratitude_n towards_o his_o parent_n for_o as_o for_o the_o gratitude_n of_o stork_n to_o their_o sire_n or_o dam_n when_o old_a i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o old_a fable_n §_o 18._o last_o i_o shall_v consider_v the_o wonderful_a frame_n and_o structure_n of_o the_o hand_n in_o man_n which_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o not_o peculiar_a to_o he_o alone_o all_o creature_n of_o the_o ape_n or_o monkey_n kind_a have_v their_o fore-paw_n very_o like_o it_o and_o in_o many_o action_n use_v they_o to_o the_o same_o end_n both_o in_o feed_v themselves_o and_o carry_v their_o young_a one_o yet_o since_o we_o see_v our_o hand_n be_v not_o give_v we_o instead_o of_o foot_n to_o go_v upon_o as_o in_o they_o we_o may_v just_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v frame_v for_o some_o high_a and_o noble_a use_n than_o our_o bare_a preservation_n or_o the_o hurt_v or_o destroy_v of_o other_o since_o if_o god_n have_v ordain_v they_o only_o for_o this_o end_n sharp_a tooth_n claw_n and_o horn_n will_v have_v do_v much_o better_a and_o will_v have_v save_v we_o the_o trouble_n of_o make_v sword_n spear_n and_o such_o like_a instrument_n not_o only_o of_o self-preservation_n but_o destruction_n whereas_o we_o find_v that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o our_o hand_n direct_v by_o our_o reason_n we_o be_v able_a to_o do_v much_o more_o than_o any_o of_o those_o weak_a silly_a animal_n can_v do_v with_o their_o paw_n since_o they_o can_v serve_v they_o to_o make_v any_o of_o those_o ordinary_a instrument_n or_o utensil_n of_o life_n which_o even_o the_o most_o barbarous_a nation_n can_v be_v without_o or_o so_o much_o as_o to_o administer_v to_o each_o other_o many_o of_o those_o ordinary_a help_n and_o assistance_n which_o man_n by_o mean_n of_o their_o hand_n do_v daily_o afford_v each_o other_o so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o these_o member_n especial_o in_o labour_a man_n and_o mechanic_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o do_v not_o only_o serve_v for_o their_o own_o sustenance_n and_o preservation_n but_o also_o for_o the_o benefit_n and_o maintenance_n of_o many_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n who_o can_v well_o subsist_v without_o the_o manual_a labour_n of_o other_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v this_o noble_a instrument_n the_o hand_n be_v often_o abuse_v by_o wicked_a and_o violent_a man_n to_o make_v unjust_a war_n and_o commit_v murder_n and_o robbery_n and_o by_o lesser_a thief_n to_o pick_v pocket_n pilfer_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o without_o this_o they_o can_v never_o commit_v such_o villainy_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o their_o hand_n be_v bestow_v upon_o they_o by_o god_n for_o that_o end_n since_o if_o he_o intend_v the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n as_o his_o great_a end_n he_o never_o can_v intend_v that_o these_o instrument_n shall_v be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o a_o quite_o contrary_a design_n viz._n their_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o strict_o consider_v all_o this_o can_v but_o confess_v that_o we_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v to_o depend_v upon_o each_o other_o assistance_n and_o that_o man_n be_v create_v for_o a_o high_a purpose_n than_o his_o own_o single_a self-preservation_n §_o 19_o which_o may_v be_v far_o make_v out_o from_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o humane_a nature_n as_o that_o no_o man_n be_v bear_v self-sufficient_a or_o able_a to_o procure_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o bare_a subsistence_n much_o less_o for_o a_o quiet_a or_o pleasant_a life_n but_o needs_o the_o assistance_n of_o other_o to_o breed_v he_o up_o whilst_o a_o infant_n or_o to_o tend_v he_o when_o he_o be_v sick_a old_a or_o unable_a to_o help_v himself_o or_o if_o it_o be_v sometime_o possible_a for_o a_o time_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v with_o great_a hardship_n and_o scantiness_n that_o any_o man_n be_v own_o single_a labour_n unassisted_a with_o the_o help_n of_o other_o can_v provide_v himself_o all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n whence_o first_o arise_v another_o necessity_n of_o marriage_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v the_o contract_n of_o a_o man_n and_o a_o woman_n to_o live_v together_o for_o the_o propagation_n of_o their_o species_n and_o breed_v up_o of_o their_o offspring_n and_o also_o for_o mutual_a help_n and_o a_o joint_a provision_n of_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n for_o themselves_o and_o they_o and_o second_o a_o necessity_n of_o a_o man_n live_v in_o concord_n or_o society_n with_o all_o other_o man_n especial_o those_o of_o his_o own_o nation_n or_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o chief_a happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a of_o mankind_n depend_v upon_o their_o mutual_a administration_n of_o these_o thing_n as_o often_o as_o need_v shall_v require_v that_o be_v upon_o act_n of_o the_o high_a love_n and_o benevolence_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_n to_o all_o which_o may_v be_v add_v another_o observation_n of_o the_o great_a difference_n in_o the_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n from_o those_o of_o brute_n in_o the_o upright_a posture_n of_o their_o progressive_a motion_n man_n alone_o go_v upon_o two_o leg_n whereas_o most_o other_o terrestrial_a animal_n go_v upon_o all_o four_o whereby_o man_n have_v the_o constant_a use_n of_o their_o hand_n both_o to_o help_v and_o assist_v themselves_o and_o other_o to_o a_o much_o great_a degree_n and_o in_o a_o much_o more_o powerful_a manner_n than_o what_o brute_n be_v able_a to_o perform_v but_o whereas_o some_o atheist_n have_v allege_v that_o this_o posture_n proceed_v rather_o from_o custom_n and_o
example_n than_o nature_n i_o desire_v they_o to_o show_v i_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n so_o barbarous_a that_o do_v not_o go_v upon_o two_o leg_n as_o well_o as_o we_o and_o though_o child_n it_o be_v true_a before_o they_o can_v go_v must_v crawl_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o upon_o their_o hand_n and_o foot_n but_o knee_n for_o a_o man_n leg_n as_o be_v notorious_a to_o anatomist_n be_v so_o much_o long_a than_o his_o arm_n and_o be_v likewise_o so_o set_v on_o that_o they_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o move_v in_o right-angle_n with_o the_o arm_n or_o foreleg_n as_o in_o brute_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o some_o beast_n as_o ape_n monkey_n and_o bear_n can_v sometime_o go_v upon_o their_o hind-feet_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o constant_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o present_a necessity_n be_v over_o they_o soon_o return_v to_o their_o natural_a posture_n to_o conclude_v i_o think_v i_o may_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o indifferent_a reader_n to_o judge_v whether_o from_o all_o these_o natural_a observation_n from_o the_o frame_n of_o humane_a body_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o passion_n it_o do_v not_o evident_o appear_v that_o man_n happiness_n and_o subsistence_n in_o this_o life_n be_v not_o design_v by_o god_n to_o depend_v upon_o his_o own_o particular_a sensual_a pleasure_n or_o the_o mere_a satisfaction_n of_o his_o present_a appetite_n and_o passion_n restrain_v to_o himself_o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o other_o of_o his_o own_o kind_a but_o be_v rather_o intend_v for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n §_o 20._o have_v now_o dispatch_v those_o natural_a observation_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o constitution_n or_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n in_o order_n to_o the_o render_v he_o capable_a of_o serve_v the_o common_a good_a in_o the_o propagation_n of_o his_o species_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o head_n before_o lay_v down_o viz._n those_o excellency_n or_o prerogative_n of_o the_o humane_a soul_n or_o mind_n and_o in_o which_o he_o excel_v all_o other_o creature_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n mr._n 12._o h._n very_o well_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n to_o be_v inquisitive_a into_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o event_n they_o see_v and_o that_o upon_o the_o sight_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v a_o beginning_n to_o judge_v also_o that_o it_o have_v a_o cause_n which_o determine_v the_o same_o to_o begin_v when_o it_o do_v and_o also_o whereas_o there_o be_v no_o other_o felicity_n among_o beast_n but_o the_o enjoy_n their_o daily_a food_n ease_n and_o lust_n as_o have_v little_a or_o no_o foresight_n of_o the_o time_n to_o come_v for_o want_v of_o observation_n and_o memory_n of_o the_o order_n consequence_n and_o dependence_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o see_v man_n alone_o observe_v how_o one_o event_n have_v be_v produce_v by_o another_o and_o therein_o remember_v the_o antecedence_n and_o consequence_n whence_o he_o certain_o must_v be_v endue_v with_o a_o large_a capacity_n for_o observe_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n without_o himself_o and_o be_v also_o able_a to_o make_v more_o curious_a and_o exact_a search_n into_o their_o cause_n and_o effect_n than_o the_o most_o sagacious_a brute_n who_o though_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o some_o few_o appetite_n or_o inclination_n towards_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n and_o a_o aversion_n for_o other_o that_o be_v hurtful_a to_o they_o yet_o this_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o natural_a instinct_n or_o impression_n stamp_v by_o god_n on_o their_o very_a nature_n and_o not_o from_o reason_n or_o deliberation_n as_o young_a wild-duck_n they_o say_v will_v run_v away_o from_o a_o man_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v hatch_v and_o chicken_n know_v the_o kite_n though_o they_o never_o see_v she_o before_o and_o this_o not_o from_o any_o experience_n or_o rational_a deduction_n but_o as_o for_o man_n it_o be_v his_o faculty_n alone_o to_o proceed_v from_o some_o know_a principle_n to_o draw_v rational_a deduction_n or_o conclusion_n which_o be_v not_o know_v before_o the_o exercise_n of_o which_o faculty_n we_o call_v right_o reason_n or_o ratiocination_n which_o though_o i_o grant_v be_v not_o bear_v with_o he_o and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o property_n belong_v to_o he_o as_o a_o mere_a animal_n since_o we_o see_v child_n till_o they_o come_v to_o some_o year_n and_o fool_n and_o mad_a folk_n act_v without_o it_o so_o long_o as_o they_o live_v yet_o be_v it_o not_o therefore_o artificial_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o since_o all_o person_n of_o year_n of_o discretion_n and_o who_o will_v give_v themselves_o leisure_n to_o think_v may_v attain_v to_o a_o sufficient_a degree_n of_o it_o for_o the_o well-government_n of_o their_o action_n in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o discover_v that_o duty_n they_o owe_v to_o god_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n which_o notion_n be_v peculiar_a to_o man_n and_o also_o common_a to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n either_o from_o man_n own_o particular_a observation_n or_o rational_a deduction_n or_o else_o from_o the_o instruction_n of_o other_o who_o themselves_z first_o find_v out_o such_o rational_a conclusion_n and_o teach_v they_o to_o their_o child_n or_o scholar_n with_o their_o first_o element_n of_o speech_n come_v in_o process_n of_o time_n have_v forget_v when_o those_o early_a notion_n be_v first_o instill_a into_o they_o to_o be_v take_v for_o connate_a idea_n so_o that_o i_o doubt_v they_o have_v be_v by_o too_o many_o who_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v their_o original_a mistake_v for_o idea_n or_o notion_n impress_v by_o god_n upon_o their_o soul_n but_o leave_v this_o of_o which_o other_o have_v say_v enough_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o from_o this_o faculty_n of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n man_n have_v be_v always_o able_a to_o find_v out_o sufficient_a remedy_n for_o his_o own_o natural_a weakness_n by_o the_o invention_n of_o several_a art_n such_o as_o physic_n and_o chirurgery_n for_o his_o preservation_n and_o cure_n when_o sick_a or_o hurt_v and_o also_o those_o of_o a_o more_o public_a nature_n such_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o policy_n or_o the_o well-government_n of_o common-weal_n of_o navigation_n warfare_n or_o the_o art_n military_a for_o his_o happiness_n and_o defence_n as_o a_o sociable_a creature_n so_o that_o though_o man_n be_v bear_v naked_a and_o without_o those_o natural_a defence_n and_o weapon_n with_o which_o divers_a brute_n be_v furnish_v by_o nature_n yet_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o faculty_n he_o be_v able_a not_o only_o much_o better_a to_o secure_v himself_o from_o the_o violence_n and_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n by_o provide_v himself_o with_o clothes_n house_n and_o victual_n beforehand_o since_o nature_n have_v not_o make_v he_o to_o live_v like_o beast_n upon_o those_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o spontaneous_o produce_v but_o can_v also_o tame_a subdue_v and_o kill_v the_o strong_a fierce_a and_o cunning_a brute_n and_o make_v they_o subservient_fw-fr to_o those_o end_n and_o design_n for_o which_o he_o please_v to_o employ_v they_o so_o likewise_o from_o this_o faculty_n of_o judge_v of_o consequence_n from_o their_o antecedent_n and_o foresee_v the_o probability_n or_o improbability_n of_o future_a event_n he_o thereby_o distinguish_v between_o real_a and_o apparent_a good_n that_o be_v between_o such_o thing_n that_o may_v please_v for_o the_o present_a and_o do_v afterward_o hurt_v he_o and_o those_o which_o though_o they_o may_v seem_v displease_v for_o a_o time_n yet_o may_v after_o do_v he_o a_o great_a benefit_n which_o principle_n since_o they_o contain_v foundation_n of_o all_o morality_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o now_o treat_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o particular_o to_o set_v down_o as_o the_o ground_n of_o what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o this_o subject_a §_o 21._o first_o it_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v that_o every_o animal_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o natural_a principle_n whereby_o it_o be_v necessary_o incline_v to_o promote_v his_o own_o preservation_n and_o wellbeing_a yet_o not_o exclude_v that_o of_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a that_o therefore_o which_o most_o conduce_v to_o this_o end_n be_v call_v a_o natural_a good_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o which_o be_v apt_a to_o obstruct_v and_o hinder_v it_o be_v evil_a among_o which_o good_n and_o evil_n there_o be_v several_a kind_n or_o degree_n according_a as_o thing_n be_v endue_v with_o more_o or_o less_o fitness_n or_o power_n to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v this_o end_n all_o which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o plain_a maxim_n or_o proposition_n as_o i_o have_v take_v they_o out_o of_o dr._n moor_n enchiridion_n
ethicum_fw-la so_o that_o i_o have_v collect_v these_o axiom_n and_o put_v they_o together_o in_o this_o method_n as_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o those_o excellent_a author_n abovementioned_a that_o you_o may_v see_v they_o all_o at_o one_o view_n though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v many_o other_o natural_a truth_n which_o be_v also_o useful_a to_o prove_v what_o action_n be_v productive_a of_o the_o common_a good_a divers_a of_o which_o we_o have_v give_v you_o dispersedly_z in_o these_o two_o chapter_n principle_n i._n the_o lessen_v or_o escape_v of_o a_o evil_a be_v to_o be_v reckon_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o good_n principle_n ii_o the_o lessen_v or_o loss_n of_o good_a be_v to_o be_v reckon_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o evil._n principle_n iii_o that_o which_o be_v good_a be_v to_o be_v choose_v that_o which_o be_v evil_a to_o be_v avoid_v principle_n iu._n the_o great_a good_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o less_o and_o a_o less_o evil_a to_o be_v endure_v rather_o than_o a_o great_a principle_n v._n such_o thing_n or_o event_n whether_o good_a or_o evil_a as_o will_v certain_o come_v to_o pass_v may_v fall_v under_o computation_n and_o be_v estimate_v according_a to_o their_o several_a degree_n as_o well_o as_o thing_n present_a and_o the_o same_o likewise_o be_v for_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v probable_o come_v to_o pass_v though_o this_o probability_n may_v be_v somewhat_o remote_a as_o it_o be_v count_v a_o valuable_a thing_n and_o may_v be_v estimate_v at_o a_o certain_a rate_n for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v one_o among_o four_o or_o five_o equal_a competitor_n for_o a_o office_n or_o to_o be_v the_o four_o or_o five_o expectant_a of_o a_o inheritance_n and_o though_o in_o such_o case_n there_o may_v be_v the_o odds_o of_o three_o or_o four_o to_o one_o yet_o the_o price_n that_o be_v set_v upon_o this_o may_v be_v so_o proportion_v as_o either_o to_o reduce_v the_o purchase_n to_o a_o equality_n or_o make_v it_o at_o least_o a_o very_a advantageous_a bargain_n principle_n vi._n a_o present_a good_a may_v reasonable_o be_v part_v with_o upon_o a_o probable_a expectation_n of_o a_o future_a good_a which_o be_v much_o great_a and_o more_o excellent_a principle_n vii_o a_o present_a evil_n be_v to_o be_v endure_v for_o the_o avoid_n of_o a_o probable_a future_a evil_n which_o be_v far_o great_a principle_n viii_o the_o great_a the_o evil_a the_o more_o reason_n there_o be_v to_o venture_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o great_a good_a or_o the_o suffering_n of_o a_o less_o evil_a for_o the_o escape_v it_o principle_n ix_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v without_o any_o good_a than_o by_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o it_o to_o endure_v a_o evil_a as_o great_a or_o great_a than_o that_o good_a come_v to_o and_o these_o last_o principle_n respect_v ourselves_o may_v serve_v to_o produce_v prudence_n temperance_n and_o fortitude_n in_o our_o mind_n the_o rest_n that_o follow_v respect_v our_o duty_n towards_o other_o and_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o right_a and_o wrong_n among_o men._n principle_n x._o we_o ought_v to_o pursue_v the_o chief_a or_o common_a good_a with_o the_o high_a and_o all_o less_o or_o subordinate_a good_n with_o a_o less_o affection_n or_o desire_v neither_o ought_v we_o to_o make_v the_o high_a or_o common_a good_a subordinate_a to_o the_o mean_a or_o middle_a good_n or_o the_o middle_a good_n to_o the_o least_o principle_n xi_o whatsoever_o good_a you_o will_v have_v do_v to_o yourself_o in_o such_o and_o such_o circumstance_n you_o ought_v to_o do_v the_o same_o to_o another_o in_o the_o same_o or_o like_a circumstance_n as_o far_o as_o may_v be_v without_o prejudice_v the_o community_n principle_n xii_o whatsoever_o evil_a you_o will_v not_o have_v do_v to_o yourself_o you_o ought_v to_o abstain_v from_o do_v that_o to_o another_o principle_n xiii_o good_a be_v to_o be_v recompense_v with_o good_a and_o not_o with_o evil._n principle_n fourteen_o it_o be_v good_a for_o a_o man_n to_o enjoy_v all_o the_o mean_n wherewith_o he_o may_v live_v happy_o principle_n xv._n it_o be_v better_a for_o the_o public_a or_o common_a good_a that_o one_o man_n shall_v not_o live_v voluptuous_o than_o that_o another_o shall_v thereby_o live_v miserable_a principle_n xvi_o if_o it_o be_v a_o public_a as_o well_o as_o a_o private_a good_a for_o any_o one_o to_o have_v enough_o wherewith_o to_o live_v happy_a it_o follow_v from_o the_o same_o rule_n that_o it_o be_v double_o better_a when_o there_o be_v sufficient_a for_o two_o man_n and_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n of_o proportion_n a_o thousand_o time_n better_o if_o there_o be_v sufficient_a for_o a_o thousand_o to_o live_v happy_a so_o that_o at_o last_o from_o the_o same_o principle_n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o if_o all_o the_o man_n in_o the_o world_n or_o all_o mankind_n can_v live_v happy_o it_o be_v the_o great_a good_a we_o can_v suppose_v they_o capable_a of_o principle_n xvii_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o public_a good_a that_o every_o man_n right_n and_o property_n be_v allow_v he_o and_o its_o free_a use_n or_o possession_n be_v likewise_o permit_v he_o without_o any_o injury_n or_o molestation_n from_o other_o though_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o a_o man_n may_v so_o behave_v himself_o as_o whatsoever_o be_v his_o whether_o by_o possession_n gift_n or_o purchase_v may_v lawful_o cease_v to_o be_v so_o as_o a_o punishment_n for_o his_o crime_n in_o transgress_v this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_n principle_n xviii_o it_o be_v better_a to_o obey_v god_n declare_v his_o will_n to_o we_o by_o the_o true_a principle_n of_o natural_a reason_n than_o our_o own_o unreasonable_a lust_n and_o passion_n or_o the_o wicked_a desire_n or_o command_v of_o men._n these_o and_o the_o like_a principle_n may_v fit_o be_v call_v natural_a as_o well_o as_o moral_a axiom_n as_o be_v the_o true_a result_v of_o natural_a reason_n and_o be_v so_o clear_a and_o manifest_a of_o themselves_o that_o if_o any_o one_o will_v consider_v they_o without_o prejudice_n or_o be_v bias_v by_o passion_n or_o too_o much_o self-love_n they_o will_v not_o need_v a_o long_a train_n of_o argument_n to_o prove_v they_o since_o they_o appear_v true_a and_o evident_a at_o the_o first_o proposal_n so_o also_o these_o moral_a principle_n consider_v as_o proposition_n declare_v the_o connexion_n of_o all_o humane_a action_n with_o the_o natural_a effect_n that_o depend_v upon_o they_o as_o for_o example_n when_o they_o show_v we_o any_o action_n which_o will_v most_o certain_o conduce_v to_o our_o own_o and_o all_o other_o happiness_n and_o that_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v not_o only_o our_o duty_n but_o interest_n to_o perform_v they_o these_o principle_n thus_o consider_v with_o relation_n to_o our_o future_a action_n may_v be_v call_v practical_a dictate_v since_o they_o do_v not_o only_o show_v we_o the_o high_a end_n we_o can_v propose_v to_o ourselves_o in_o order_n to_o our_o present_a and_o future_a happiness_n but_o do_v also_o direct_v we_o to_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o fit_a mean_n to_o attain_v it_o but_o i_o think_v it_o do_v sufficient_o appear_v that_o we_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o form_v a_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n but_o also_o from_o the_o faculty_n of_o compare_v the_o likeness_n of_o our_o own_o nature_n with_o that_o of_o all_o other_o man_n can_v also_o frame_v a_o universal_a or_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o creature_n agree_v in_o the_o same_o natural_a property_n and_o require_v the_o same_o thing_n for_o their_o happiness_n and_o subsistence_n as_o himself_o note_v that_o i_o do_v not_o mean_v by_o this_o any_o adequate_a idea_n of_o the_o true_a physical_a nature_n of_o mankind_n since_o of_o this_o as_o of_o all_o other_o substance_n we_o have_v no_o other_o knowledge_n but_o by_o their_o sensible_a quality_n therefore_o i_o mean_v only_o here_o a_o idea_n fori_fw-la or_o such_o a_o common_a and_o inadequate_a idea_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n as_o serve_v we_o for_o all_o the_o moral_a rule_n of_o life_n which_o idea_n he_o can_v give_v a_o name_n to_o and_o call_v mankind_n and_o so_o come_v to_o consider_v and_o understand_v all_o the_o cause_n and_o mean_n not_o only_o of_o his_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n but_o that_o of_o all_o other_o man_n consider_v as_o a_o aggregate_v body_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v divers_a conclusion_n concern_v the_o proportion_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n natural_a good_a or_o happiness_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n before_o lay_v down_o till_o he_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o this_o universal_a idea_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o high_a and_o noble_a that_o he_o can_v attain_v
to_o reckon_v beyond_o their_o ten_o finger_n now_o set_v aside_o innate_a idea_n and_o consent_v of_o nation_n as_o proof_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n what_o other_o mean_n do_v there_o remain_v but_o the_o uncertain_a tradition_n of_o a_o god_n and_o these_o moral_a law_n from_o their_o parent_n or_o ancestor_n or_o else_o to_o discover_v they_o by_o reason_n and_o take_v observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o method_n here_o lay_v down_o the_o former_a of_o these_o if_o they_o have_v ever_o any_o such_o thing_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o have_v now_o quite_o lose_v so_o that_o no_o footstep_n of_o it_o now_o remain_v among_o they_o and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a these_o ignorant_a and_o barbarous_a nation_n be_v whole_o take_v up_o through_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o life_n either_o in_o procure_v for_o themselves_o the_o common_a necessary_n for_o life_n or_o else_o in_o brutish_a and_o sensual_a lust_n and_o pleasure_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o give_v themselves_o no_o time_n or_o opportunity_n to_o think_v of_o these_o thing_n nor_o yet_o employ_v their_o thought_n in_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o be_v or_o for_o what_o end_n they_o come_v into_o the_o world_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o strange_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o little_a sensible_a of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o what_o worship_n or_o duty_n he_o require_v of_o they_o nor_o can_v i_o give_v a_o better_a account_n of_o this_o ignorance_n than_o what_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o author_n last_o mention_v who_o thus_o conclude_v his_o paragraph_n against_o the_o necessity_n of_o innate_a principle_n already_o cite_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n have_v you_o or_o i_o be_v bear_v say_v he_o at_o the_o bay_n of_o soldania_n possible_o our_o thought_n and_o notion_n have_v not_o exceed_v these_o brutish_a one_o of_o the_o hoteutot_n that_o inhabit_v there_o and_o have_v the_o virginian_a king_n apochancana_n be_v educate_v in_o england_n he_o have_v perhaps_o be_v as_o know_v a_o divine_a and_o as_o good_a a_o mathematician_n as_o any_o in_o it_o the_o difference_n between_o he_o and_o a_o more_o improve_v englishman_n lie_v bare_o in_o this_o that_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o faculty_n be_v bound_v within_o the_o way_n modes_n and_o notion_n of_o his_o own_o country_n and_o be_v never_o direct_v to_o any_o other_o or_o far_a inquiry_n and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o any_o idea_n of_o a_o god_n as_o we_o have_v it_o be_v only_o because_o he_o pursue_v not_o those_o thought_n that_o will_v certain_o have_v lead_v he_o to_o it_o §_o 12._o which_o account_n though_o it_o be_v sufficient_a alone_o to_o take_v off_o this_o difficulty_n yet_o i_o shall_v far_o add_v that_o although_o it_o be_v true_a the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v by_o natural_a reason_n yet_o this_o must_v be_v exert_v and_o make_v use_v of_o according_a to_o a_o right_a method_n and_o be_v like_o the_o talon_n in_o the_o gospel_n either_o to_o be_v infinite_o increase_v or_o else_o may_v be_v bury_v without_o ever_o be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o it_o ought_v so_o that_o man_n not_o make_v use_n of_o their_o reason_n and_o those_o faculty_n which_o god_n have_v give_v they_o be_v no_o more_o a_o argument_n against_o god_n be_v not_o have_v give_v man_n sufficient_a mean_n and_o faculty_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o thing_n than_o if_o a_o man_n who_o by_o perpetual_a sit_v still_o shall_v have_v lose_v the_o use_n of_o his_o leg_n have_v reason_n to_o find_v fault_n with_o god_n for_o not_o give_v he_o sufficient_a mean_n of_o go_v and_o help_v himself_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v leave_v in_o most_o man_n power_n whether_o they_o will_v by_o a_o due_a use_n of_o their_o reason_n raise_v themselves_o to_o the_o high_a perfection_n and_o happiness_n that_o they_o human_a nature_n be_v capable_a of_o or_o else_o by_o employ_v their_o mind_n about_o mere_a sensual_a object_n and_o carnal_a enjoyment_n debase_v themselves_o into_o the_o state_n of_o brute_n for_o i_o be_o satisfy_v that_o it_o be_v not_o reason_v about_o common_a and_o outward_a thing_n that_o constitute_v the_o only_a difference_n between_o we_o and_o they_o since_o they_o reason_v right_a about_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o object_n of_o their_o sense_n but_o that_o it_o rather_o consist_v in_o the_o more_o excellent_a faculty_n of_o frame_v universal_a idea_n and_o by_o a_o due_a enquiry_n into_o the_o cause_n and_o nature_n of_o thing_n of_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n and_o of_o his_o will_n either_o natural_o declare_v according_a to_o the_o method_n here_o lay_v down_o or_o else_o supernatural_o reveal_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o indeed_o i_o think_v a_o dog_n or_o a_o horse_n to_o be_v a_o much_o better_a creature_n than_o a_o man_n who_o have_v never_o have_v or_o else_o have_v total_o extinguish_v the_o belief_n of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n towards_o he_o for_o the_o one_o life_n according_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o those_o faculty_n god_n have_v give_v it_o but_o a_o man_n who_o want_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n towards_o he_o by_o neglect_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o his_o creation_n and_o by_o give_v himself_o whole_o up_o to_o the_o government_n of_o his_o passion_n and_o unreasonable_a appetite_n debase_v his_o nature_n and_o so_o become_v by_o his_o own_o fault_n like_o a_o brute_n §_o 13._o the_o last_o objection_n that_o i_o can_v think_v of_o and_o which_o may_v be_v also_o make_v by_o mr._n hobs_n disciple_n be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n as_o a_o mere_a platonic_a idea_n or_o term_n of_o art_n without_o any_o reality_n in_o nature_n to_o support_v it_o of_o which_o opinion_n mr._n hobbs_n seem_v to_o be_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o leviath_n book_n i._n chap._n 4._o that_o of_o name_n some_o be_v proper_a and_o singular_a to_o over_o only_a thing_n as_o peter_n john_n this_o man_n this_o tree_n and_o some_o be_v common_a to_o many_o thing_n as_o man_n horse_n tree_n every_o of_o which_o though_o but_o one_o name_n be_v nevertheless_o the_o name_n of_o divers_a particular_a thing_n in_o respect_n of_o all_o which_o together_o it_o be_v call_v a_o universal_a there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n universal_a but_o name_n for_o the_o thing_n name_v be_v every_o one_o of_o they_o individual_a and_o singular_a so_o that_o on_o these_o principle_n we_o can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o any_o common_a good_a out_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n where_o it_o arise_v mere_o from_o compact_n every_o man_n be_v natural_o determine_v to_o seek_v his_o own_o particular_a preservation_n and_o satisfaction_n without_o the_o least_o consideration_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o §_o 14._o in_o answer_n to_o which_o objection_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o if_o in_o our_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o explication_n of_o it_o we_o have_v any_o where_o suppose_v that_o in_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a a_o man_n either_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o neglect_v his_o own_o preservation_n and_o true_a happiness_n there_o may_v have_v be_v some_o reason_n for_o this_o objection_n but_o since_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o the_o true_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o every_o particular_a person_n be_v include_v in_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n and_o depend_v inseparable_o upon_o it_o though_o i_o grant_v every_o man_n be_v own_o happiness_n and_o misery_n be_v a_o main_a motive_n of_o his_o act_n to_o this_o end_n and_o also_o consist_v in_o a_o right_a endeavour_n of_o it_o which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o this_o part_n of_o the_o objection_n fall_v of_o itself_o unless_o they_o will_v affirm_v that_o a_o man_n self-preservation_n and_o happiness_n only_o consist_v in_o the_o present_a satisfaction_n of_o his_o own_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o passion_n let_v what_o will_v be_v the_o consequence_n which_o how_o false_a and_o unreasonable_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v any_o rational_a man_n may_v judge_v two_o we_o have_v also_o sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o there_o be_v a_o unalterable_a common_a good_a and_o evil_a establish_v by_o god_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n or_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a man_n but_o for_o all_o the_o man_n in_o the_o world_n conceive_v under_o the_o collective_a idea_n of_o mankind_n and_o that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o out_o of_o a_o civil_a state_n or_o commonwealth_n since_o by_o compare_v our_o own_o particular_a nature_n
to_o all_o thing_n that_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o and_o that_o they_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n can_v no_o more_o make_v they_o become_v so_o than_o if_o he_o shall_v judge_v that_o ratsbane_n be_v sugar-candy_n it_o will_v be_v thereby_o present_o turn_v into_o wholesome_a food_n so_o likewise_o those_o general_n and_o universal_a cause_n which_o procure_v the_o preservation_n or_o mischief_n of_o mankind_n do_v depend_v upon_o such_o fix_a principle_n in_o nature_n as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o any_o judge_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o single_a man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n §_o 5._o but_o this_o error_n of_o mr._n h._n concern_v the_o force_n of_o his_o sentence_n which_o thus_o false_o pronounce_v a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o all_o man_n and_o all_o thing_n to_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n and_o thereby_o to_o confer_v a_o right_a thereunto_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o civil_a state_n the_o sentence_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n or_o judge_n have_v that_o force_n with_o the_o subject_n that_o whether_o his_o sentence_n be_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n or_o natural_a equity_n or_o not_o it_o be_v nevertheless_o to_o be_v obey_v and_o submit_v to_o whereas_o this_o submission_n proceed_v whole_o from_o their_o consent_n who_o institute_v the_o commonwealth_n in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a good_a and_o for_o the_o put_v some_o end_n to_o controversy_n since_o all_o the_o subject_n must_v submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n or_o magistrate_n whether_o it_o be_v right_a or_o wrong_n because_o they_o be_v all_o satisfy_v that_o it_o conduce_v more_o to_o their_o common_a quiet_a and_o safety_n that_o some_o few_o shall_v sometime_o suffer_v through_o a_o unjust_a judgement_n than_o that_o controversy_n shall_v be_v endless_a or_o at_o least_o not_o without_o civil_a war_n or_o disturbance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v only_o from_o a_o great_a care_n of_o the_o common_a good_a than_o of_o the_o life_n or_o estate_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n that_o lay_v a_o foundation_n for_o this_o prerogative_n which_o though_o i_o grant_v belong_v to_o all_o supreme_a power_n yet_o if_o this_o once_o come_v to_o be_v general_o and_o notorious_o abuse_v by_o constant_a course_n of_o wilful_a violence_n oppression_n and_o injustice_n so_o that_o the_o subject_n can_v long_o bear_v it_o they_o will_v quick_o make_v their_o appeal_n somewhere_o else_o unless_o they_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o predominant_a power_n or_o force_v over_o they_o §_o 6._o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n can_v admit_v of_o any_o final_a judgement_n or_o determination_n of_o a_o doubt_n or_o difference_n beside_o a_o evidence_n either_o from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o from_o that_o trust_n or_o credit_n they_o place_n in_o some_o man_n either_o judgement_n or_o testimony_n whereby_o all_o manner_n of_o doubt_n or_o scruple_n be_v clear_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o party_n concern_v and_o that_o it_o appear_v evident_a to_o they_o that_o they_o be_v not_o impose_v upon_o neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o end_n of_o debate_n among_o divers_a pretender_n unless_o one_o party_n be_v convince_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o other_o reason_n come_v over_o to_o his_o or_o their_o opinion_n or_o else_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o integrity_n of_o some_o three_o person_n as_o a_o arbitrator_n do_v willing_o submit_v to_o his_o sentence_n §_o 7._o for_o humane_a nature_n will_v ever_o acknowledge_v a_o difference_n between_o right_a reason_n and_o false_a and_o between_o a_o just_a and_o a_o unjust_a judgement_n and_o it_o be_v only_a truth_n and_o right_a reason_n that_o have_v this_o prerogative_n that_o they_o can_v confer_v a_o right_n on_o we_o of_o do_v those_o thing_n which_o they_o prescribe_v for_o even_o mr._n h._n in_o his_o definition_n of_o right_n acknowledge_v that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o liberty_n of_o use_v our_o faculty_n according_a to_o right_a reason_n whereas_o all_o error_n or_o false_a judgement_n whether_o it_o be_v concern_v necessary_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n or_o in_o any_o other_o practical_a matter_n can_v give_v no_o man_n a_o right_a of_o do_v that_o which_o he_o then_o false_o judge_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n and_o therefore_o mr._n h_n conclusion_n where_o he_o acknowledge_v at_o last_o that_o right_a reason_n be_v that_o which_o conclude_v from_o true_a principle_n and_o likewise_o that_o in_o the_o false_a reason_n and_o folly_n of_o man_n in_o not_o understand_v their_o duty_n towards_o other_o man_n consist_v all_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n grant_v as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v desire_v but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o that_o loose_a definition_n of_o reason_n where_o he_o suppose_v every_o man_n reason_n to_o be_v alike_o right_a i_o desire_v any_o of_o his_o disciple_n to_o show_v i_o therefore_o to_o conclude_v i_o can_v only_o allow_v that_o to_o be_v practical_a right_a reason_n which_o give_v we_o leave_v to_o undertake_v thing_n reasonable_a and_o possible_a and_o that_o forbid_v a_o man_n to_o arrogate_v to_o himself_o alone_o a_o dominion_n over_o all_o man_n and_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v needless_a and_o impossible_a indeed_o whole_o pernicious_a to_o his_o preservation_n §_o 8._o but_o to_o avoid_v this_o difficulty_n mr._n h._n and_o his_o follower_n fly_v to_o the_o subterfuge_n of_o a_o natural_a necessity_n in_o man_n that_o so_o judge_v thus_o false_o and_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n and_o therefore_o in_o his_o preface_n to_o this_o treatise_n he_o suppose_v all_o man_n to_o be_v evil_a by_o nature_n and_o make_v they_o necessary_o determine_v by_o their_o appetite_n and_o passion_n before_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o reason_n and_o discipline_n to_o act_v mischievous_o and_o unreasonable_o and_o therefore_o tell_v we_o that_o child_n unless_o you_o give_v they_o every_o thing_n they_o desire_v cry_v and_o be_v angry_a and_o will_v strike_v their_o very_a father_n and_o mother_n and_o it_o be_v by_o nature_n they_o do_v so_o and_o yet_o be_v blameless_a as_o well_o because_o they_o can_v hurt_v as_o also_o that_o want_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n they_o be_v yet_o free_a from_o all_o its_o duty_n but_o the_o same_o person_n when_o grow_v up_o and_o have_v get_v strength_n enough_o to_o hurt_v if_o they_o hold_v on_o to_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n they_o then_o begin_v both_o to_o be_v and_o to_o be_v call_v evil_a so_o that_o a_o wicked_a man_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o a_o overgrow_a child_n or_o a_o man_n of_o a_o childish_a disposition_n because_o there_o be_v the_o same_o defect_n of_o reason_n at_o that_o age_n in_o which_o by_o nature_n improve_v by_o discipline_n and_o experience_n of_o its_o inconvenience_n it_o common_o happen_v to_o be_v amend_v so_o likewise_o the_o author_n of_o tractatus_fw-la theologico_fw-la politicus_fw-la who_o more_o open_o than_o mr._n h._n but_o upon_o the_o same_o principle_n endeavour_v to_o destroy_v all_o religion_n both_o natural_a and_o reveal_v argue_v to_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o 16_o chap._n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n first_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n he_o understand_v nothing_o but_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o individual_a according_a to_o which_o we_o conceive_v each_o of_o they_o natural_o determine_v to_o exist_v after_o a_o certain_a manner_n thus_o fish_n be_v ordain_v to_o swim_v and_o the_o great_a one_o to_o devour_v the_o less_o therefore_o fish_n live_v in_o the_o water_n and_o devour_v each_o other_o by_o the_o high_a right_n for_o nature_n consider_v simple_o have_v a_o right_a to_o all_o thing_n it_o can_v do_v or_o its_o right_n extend_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o its_o power_n since_o the_o power_n of_o nature_n be_v but_o the_o power_n of_o god_n who_o have_v the_o high_a right_n to_o all_o thing_n but_o because_o the_o power_n of_o universal_a nature_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o individual_a creature_n together_o it_o follow_v that_o every_o individual_a have_v the_o high_a right_n to_o all_o thing_n it_o can_v do_v that_o be_v it_o extend_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o its_o power_n and_o since_o it_o be_v the_o first_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o every_o thing_n shall_v endeavour_v as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o preserve_v itself_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n and_o that_o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o other_o creature_n but_o only_o of_o itself_o therefore_o it_o follow_v that_o every_o individual_a have_v the_o high_a right_a to_o exist_v and_o operate_v as_o