bladders Sixe dayes â—r that it chauÌ„geth holy into blode â—d .xij. dayes after that it is tourned â—o flesshe Nyne dayes after that y e 〈◊〉 is deuyded from the sholders and â—rmoste lyÌ„mes of the body as y e syâ— the bely tyll that it hathe his ful â—ely shape of body lyÌ„mes withiÌ„â—es afte that is sene a full proâ— body yet the priÌ„cypall lymmes be made first as the harte the lyuer braynes than the lyÌ„mes that therto beloÌ„geth as the nauyl y e mawe the codes and after that suche as be nexte but last of al be handes and fete made with the other lyÌ„mes And the bodij of man is made of many diuers sortes of lyÌ„mes as senewes vaynes fatte flesshe skynne And also of the foure moistours as sanguyne flematyke coleryke melancoly But all creatures hathe a sesonable tyme of y e yere to bringe forthe their frute saue only mankynde whiche is at the leste of body full made in his moders woÌ„be the .xxxv. daye entreth the mouynges of his body vpon the .lxx. daye and that birthe is in the seuenth moneth 〈…〉 daye than the chylde geteth 〈…〉 the .lxxx. daye that birth is vpon the eight moneth they dye oftentymes Yf the body be full made vpon the .xlv daye than receyueth it lyfe vpon the xc daye and is borne vpon the nynth moneth But the body of mankynde is coÌ„monly full made vpon the .xlv. daye as before is specifyed cÌ„ and that is the moste connenyent tyme. And whan mankynde is borne than he retoureth to the erthe ageyn of the which he was before created made ¶ Of the disgestion of mete wherby the body is sustayned THe lyf of man is priÌ„cypally sett in humido radicali that is in y e radicall moistour for whan man lacketh y t than must he dye and because y e na turall here is also in man the whyche here whan it fideth nothiÌ„ge ellys to be sustayned of thaÌ„ it sustayneth hym self of radycall moystour because thys moystour sholde nat be febled but kept in good maner therfore y e nature ha the ordayned mete to bee eten and y t to be broughte to disiestyon for whaÌ„ it is thawed w t the teâ—he â— than 〈…〉 ther is y e fyrste disiestion there y e is ertly deuided frome y e clene y e onclene is sente downe to y e fundament is voided through the place of purgacion y e clene humour is sent to y e lyuer why che is y e secoÌ„de disiestioÌ„ there is y e watery onclennes deuyded from y e clene sent down to y e bladder thaÌ„ voided at y e watery place y e clene is sent to y e hart y t is the thyrde dysiestyon and there is agayne the onclene sent or deuided frome the clene and of the onclene cometh the seed sperma in y e man and the menstruum in the women the clene become blod and that is sent thorough grete waynes to all the places of the body and that is agayne deuyded the clene from the onclene an the onclene gothe away through the swete and swete holes and is chaun ged in to the nayles and suche lyke the clene changeth hymselfe into the substauÌ„ce of hym that eteth the mete And thus is the naturall restored and strengthened yf that they waste nat y e radicall moystour wherin the lyfe is layde yf the radicall moystour be mynished than it is agayn into the other as before is testefyed c. ¶ Howe that man coÌ„meth into the howse of dethe Coleriâ—us ¶ The howse of dethe Flegmaticus Sanguineus Melancolicus HOw that man coÌ„meth vnto the howse of deth ye shall vnderstande be thre maner of wayes And first be the foure elemeÌ„tis wherof man is made for the foure elementis fight togeder and the one ouercoÌ„meth the other and than must man dye yf Adam had nat synned the four elementis sholde neuer haue varyed and Adam sholde haue had full power to haue accorded and rule them The seconde man dyeth because that humidum radicale forsaketh hym that is the naturall moystour yf Adam had nat synned god had set vs the ire of lyfe we sholde haue ben fre of all sekenesses moyst of nature neuer dyed but bydden euer lusty fresshe as a yonge man The thirde man dyeth of that he hath ben hurt w t wepens wtin or wtout or w t burdens lifting or bytinges of bestis c. If Adam had nat sinned all thynge sholde haue bene to him obedieÌ„t nothinge to him coÌ„trary these thre maners of dethes be coÌ„tained in the four coÌ„plexcions of man as in the saÌ„guyne colerike flematike melaÌ„coly The sanguyne waxeth ofteÌ„tymes so old through gode gouernauÌ„ce that he must occopy spectacles liue longe or huÌ„miduÌ„ radicale departe frome him but than he dyeth The colerike coÌ„meth oftentymes do dethe be accideÌ„tall maner through his hastines for he is of nature hote drye The flematike coÌ„meth often to dethe thorough great excesse of mete drinke or other gret labours doinge for his nature is colde and moyste can not well disiest And melaÌ„coly is heuy full of care heuynes wherof he engendereth moche euyll blode that causeth great sekenes which bringeth him vnto dethe Thus go we al vnto the howse of dethe the one thrugh ensuynge of his coÌ„plexcion the other through the ordenances of almyghty god The thirde through the planetis signes of the firmameÌ„t ¶ Here after ensueth the perfyte knowlege of the x. wittes in what place of the hede that they lay that is to vnderstaÌ„de the v. interyall wittes the fyue wittes coÌ„mune as it staÌ„deth in the figure of the hede MAnkynde is shapen ordeyned to enheryt y e celestiall kyngdome to be a ruler of all erthly thinges that none ertly thinge sholde rule him as bestis serpentis wormes monsters or suche lyke for they bere their hed is downe towardes the grouÌ„de desyre nothinge but erthly thiÌ„ges as mete drinke and slepe And mankynde bereth his hede vpright towardes the heuens kyngdome to theÌ„tente that he shold optayn the ryches gyftes of grace that God hathe ordayned in him whiche be his naturall wittes they be x. in noÌ„ber and first there be fyue intery al wittes as these ¶ Fantasye that layth before a hye in the hede Imaginacion laith before a lowe in the hede Cogitacyon layth aboue in the myddes of the hede Estimacion layeth benethe in the middes of y e hede Memoria or remeÌ„braÌ„s layth behynde in the hede Euyn before in y e hede is a lytell place wherout issueth the fyue wittes coÌ„mune as it is expresly sene iÌ„ the figure and these be they Seinge in the iyen Smellinge in the nose Tastinge in the tonge Heringe in the eares Felinge ouer all the body ¶ Of the dremis of mankinde enclyned to y e nature of
they be ynough in the drawynge out of the potte that y t droppeth of the longues heâ—eth the terâ—ian payne in the kydnees ¶ Haly saith the gall of the wether is gode for the paynes in the ere 's that coÌ„meth of colde ¶ Of the bore ca. iiij THe Bore is an angry and an on tame beste is very curst whan he companyeth with the sowe for the wylde bores whan they accoÌ„pany theÌ„ with theyr females than be they euer redy for to fight and they make their skinnes harde for they roÌ„ne to rubbe theyÌ„ against the trees and than to lay in foule dirt and myre the which they late drye on them that maketh their skinnes very harde and bothe the bores be moche lyke of coÌ„dicions whan they mete comonly they wyll feght yf they be in coÌ„pany of theyr females so longe tyl that the one or bothe of them be slayne and the wylde bore is comoÌ„ly blake and he stiketh with his longe croked tethe as harde and sharpe as it were yron And if the bore be huâ—ted on the morninge or he haue pissed thaÌ„ is he lightely wery but if he haue pyssed or he be huÌ„ted or whyle he is on huÌ„tinge than wyll he nat lightely be ta ken Also thoughe he be wery he wyll nat lightely yelde hym but setteth hyÌ„ on his hinder loynes to defende him agaynst the huÌ„ter but he shal nat come be the hunter to hurte hym nor to byte hym tyll he be first wounded himselfe of the hunter and without the hunter geue hym a dethes wounde without doubt he wyll put the hunter in ieoê‘dye of his lyfe except he be nigh to a tre that he may clyÌ„me vpon for his socour The bore hereth better on the right syde than any beste The Operacion ¶ Plinius saith the bores blode braines also is gode for the bits of y e serpentes the lyuer dryed mengyd with rewe dronke with wyne that is gode for the nivenemiÌ„ge of serpeÌ„tis His brain with the blode of his coddes is gode to be layd to carbuÌ„cle sore in the liuer of the sowe be lytell smale stones that be gode to be brayde asonder donke for the grauell the stone ete the lightes of the bore it shall put from y e al dron benes his gall meÌ„gyd with rosen ceruse heleth the crepinge sores or byles the asshes of his iawes heleth all crepinge sores His bladder with pisse al hanged in y e smoke dryed that putt in mete so taken heleth y e stone in the bladder taketh away the totoÌ„minge payne also a lytell of the bladder or vryne mengyd in drinke is very medecynable for the dropecy his dirte tempered in warme wyne is gode for the flixe his yarde soupleth warmeth purifietythe liÌ„mes that be stifened of colde or werynes the dirte that is warme and fresshe is very medecinable to staunche the blode at the nose ¶ Of the asse ca. v. THe asse is a rude dull beste of lytel understaÌ„ding onclne slouthfull he hathe a crosse vpon his backe there is he wekest but on his hinder partes he is stronge he hathe a great hede and longe eares he loueth thistellis better than any other mete but he hath a lothly crye and thoug he haue gone a waye oftentymes yet he caÌ„nat fynde it agayn nor he wyll nat exchewe the way for nothinge that meteth hym and he engendreth with his female whan he is .xxx. moneths olde She bereth her yonges a hole yere the asse is colde of nature and he can abyde no colde Therfore be nat the Asses cast in no colde londes or contrees The asse is very sone afrayde and he hathe no gall and he eteth grasse and other erbes of the grouÌ„de and the more water that he driÌ„keth the better fode hathe he of his mete the aâ—the oftentymes a disease named 〈◊〉 moche ordour roÌ„neth out of his 〈◊〉 it fell on his lightes he shold dye of it ¶ The Operacyon ¶ Auicenna saith the Asse hathe grete vertue for they that sitte in the water that the asse is soden in it heleth them of lepry the crampe or drye shroÌ„ked senewes the flessh is gode for theÌ„ to be eten the leuer rosted etyn in the mornynge fastinge is gode for the puleÌ„tis his flesshe liâ—er or houe breÌ„t to asshes men gyd with oyle is gode for the disease named scrofulas the vryne of the asse is gode for y e payne in the kydnes Galienus saithe the vryne of a wylde asse is gode for the stone in the coddes and it helpeth also meruelously well the ronnynge or crepynge sore The mylke of an asse is gode for the drying coghe and also for theim that spette or spewe blode the mylte of an asse brayed with clene water and layde vnto a womans brest draweth the mylke vnto it outwardes the mylke of an asse dothe swage the great styffe belyes also mylke of a asse taken in the mouthe of one that hathe weke goÌ„mes and tethe dothe strengthen them very wel the lyuer of a tame asse eten is gode for the epulentis whiche is the falling sekenes the dounge of the asse is very medecinable to staunche the blode at the vaynes or of any other woundes the water of the donge dropped in the nose thrilles stauÌ„cheth the blode there ¶ Plinius saith that if a rynge be made of the houe or of the bone of y e asses legge where as no blacke is on that p◠〈◊〉 on the finger of one that hath thâ—â—ge sekenes they shall be preserued and nat fall Make a smoke of longues of an asse in a house though there were neuer so many serpentis adders or snakes or other venymous crepinge bestes they sholde flee as fast as they coude from that place ¶ Of the Achame ca. vi AChame is a beste as grete as an hert and contrary the nature of all other bestes he hathe his gall in his eare and it is a cursed angry beste ¶ Alches is a beste that is in the forest of Hircinia and is very moche lyke a gote but it is somwhat bygger and it hathe croked iagged hornes and they haue no ioyntes in theyr legges as other bestes haue and whan the huÌ„ters wyll haue that beste they folowe him be the fote stepe to knowe where he resteth be night for he standeth and slepeth agaynst a tre and they lowse the tre be the rote and so dygge it vp or ellis they sawe it a sonder for he slepeth fast and leneth sore againste the trees wherwith he is oftentymes deceyued and falleth to the grounde and so they take hym or ellis they sholde neuer take him for he is to dangerous to come by and he is to swyft in coÌ„nynge but whan he is downe he can nat ryle ¶ Of the anabula ca. vij ANabula is a beste in Ethiope it hath a necke lyke a man fete lyke a horse legged lyke an
y e crow whan they wyll passe ouer the see for whan they be passed they be in daÌ„ger of the goshawke that wyll grype theÌ„ therfore they haue one w t them thate flyeth before to warn them Cap. xxxvi COcix is a birde that is moch lyke the goshawke of feders but he is heded foted like the doue and yf any that be sybbe to him se hym by y e hawke they will kyll hym Thys byrde is tolde of nature therfore he layth but fewe egges at the moste nat past .ij. Cap. xxxvij CRocilos is a very lytell byrde in Italie some say it is thewreÌ„ne and though it be small yet it wil feght agaynst the egle it flyeth most parte alone and it bringeth furth many yoÌ„ges and it bredeth in a hole of the walles and be nyght they be a greate many of them togeder because thei shold kepe eche other warme eteth sande and it singeth moste whan it is harde frosen and in drye weder Cap. xxxviij COrinta is a great byrde iÌ„ the Orient and hathe but lytell feders Corinta hathe a great crop vnder his throte as gret as y e longues of a kowe wherin he gadereth moche blode and therfore he drinketh moche Cap. xxxix THe Cucko is a byrd that singeth alway one songe is a slouthful byrde but he bydeth nat longe in one place he is coloured lyke the tyrtelle doue in the winter goeth he in a hole of the grownde wtin a holow tre and ther he plucketh out his feds bydeth therin and there hath mete ynoughe by him prouyded in the somer season he layth his egges in the nest of a litell byrde and taketh as many egg is out of that byrd is nest as he layeth therin and thus is y e cucko brede of a strauÌ„ge daÌ„me and this daÌ„me reioyseth herself in the gretnes of here strange yonges and maruayleth gretly that she hath so fayr yonges disdayneth her owne yonges than the yonge cucko byteth his daÌ„me to deth and he kepeth a dewe tyme of his comynge The operacion his donge soden in wyne is gode to be droÌ„ke for the bytinge of a mad dogge Cap. xl CVbeth is an on clen byrd wher it findeth his wyues egges it bre them a sonder but as nigh as she can she hydeth theÌ„ y t he shold nat find them and wether she coÌ„meth bi her make or no though she do but here him or se hyÌ„ she shall lay egges but whan she seeth hym thaÌ„ she roÌ„neth to mete hym there they engender as secretely as they can because that the othere cockes of them sholde nat se it to thentente that they sholde nat be let them of theyr oyle besynes Cap. xli A Litell flyeÌ„ge worm is this â—uleâ— hauiÌ„ge before in his hede a lytel stynge wherw t he thrusteth through y e skiÌ„ne of a man or other beste and sucketh the blode and other swet thinges and it loueth so well the light that it cometh about the candell and burneth hymselfe The Operacion Auicenna For to dechase this gnat or flie take rewe and alson and seeth theÌ„ in water wasshe therw t thy howse Cap. xlij OIomede be byrdes as greate as swaÌ„nes they bredde in the rockes of stone in y e lond of appulia nygh by the water and is of the bryght shyninge colour w t fyrye iyen theyr bylles be iagged lyke tethe they do flye all in hepys they haue .ij. other by r des to be theyr gydes the one fleeth before to shewe them the way and the other coÌ„meth behiÌ„de to dryue y e slouth full byrdes forwarde quicken them to make them flye the swyfter Cap. xliij DRaycha is a byrde that hath no fete whan it coÌ„meth to y e grouÌ„de than it glydeth on his winges and brest it coÌ„meth in the begiÌ„nyg of the somer and it bredeth yonges whan they be full growen than dyeth the dames and syres Cap. xliiij EChitus is a litell byrde he fegts w t the asse for whaÌ„ the asse coÌ„mes to the thornes for to rubbe or scratche hym than doth he breke thys byrdes nest for this cause he fereth this asse so sore that whan he hereth or seeth hyÌ„ he cauÌ„eth his eggis out of the neste Iarath Emerie be brides that do flie be nyght they gete light w t theyr wiÌ„ges whan they flye Ercinie be birdes in germania and theyr winges gyue at darke nyght so great lyght that a man may finde the way thrugh y e shiÌ„ninge of theyr winges Cap. xlv THe Fawcon is a gentyll byrde hasty in his game whan y e hawkers will take y e heron they let .ij. fawkoÌ„s fle i. aboue that bringeth hyÌ„ out of the ayre another benethe that meteth hym in his comynge downe and taketh hym ¶ There be .ij. maner of fawcons the one is gentill the other is on gentyll they wyll nat lyghtely be tamed or made to the ganee wtoute great watche huÌ„ger labour whan this on geÌ„tyl fawcoÌ„ hath brought this heroÌ„ to grouÌ„de than degorgeth or voydeth this heron an ele or other fishe y t he ete last than this fawcoÌ„ choseth the same that the heron leueth there la teth the heron fle but so dothe nat the gentyll fawcon for he punyssheth the disceitfull fowle right sore The Operacion Albertus Yf he can nat mute giue hiÌ„ the gall of a cock or ellis a soden whyte snayle it shal amend yf he mute to moche than gyue hym a lytell iust of ius quiami wete his mete therin Yf he haue broken abone in his leggis or in his winge than bind therto the spyce Alor all warme lat it lay a day and a nyght therto or ellys bynde cockes donge tempered wyth wyneger Cap. xlvi FAscianê° is a wyld cocke or a fesaÌ„t cocke that byde in the forestes it is a fayre byrde with goodly feders but he hath no coÌ„mbe as other cockes haue and they be alway alone except whane they wylle be by the henne and they that will take this bird and in many places the byrders doth thus they payÌ„te the figure of this fayre byrde in a cloth holdeth it before hym whan this birde seeth so fayr a figure of hym selfe he goeth nother forward nor bacwarde but he standeth still staringe vpon his figure sodenly commeth another and casteth a nette ouer his hede and taketh hym Thys byrde morneth sore in fowle weder hideth hym from the rayne vnder y e busshes Towarde y e morninge and towardes night than coÌ„meth he out of the busshe and is ofteÌ„times so taken he putteth his hede in the grouÌ„d he weneth that all his bddy is hyden and his flessh is very light and good to disiest Cap. xlvij FAtator is a bird in y e orieÌ„t partyes that laieth their egges so sone that they brest for colde asonder thaÌ„ it layeth agayne therof it bryngeth for the yonges
that is agaynste nature of other birdes for they brede but ones in the yere Cap. xlviij The Fenix is a byrde in Arabia of them is but one in the worlde he waxeth ccccc yere olde whaÌ„ he is thus olde he gadereth the sâ—yckes ofâ— well smellinge spyces byldeth a fyre therof and thaÌ„ he splayeth his wiÌ„ges abrode towardes the hete of the sonne sitting on his wode and quicly he festeneth on fyre and so burneth and of y e asshes aryseth another Fenix Ambrosius sayth That whan Fenix perceyueth the ende of his lyfe thaÌ„ it maketh a nest of well smelliÌ„ge wodes and layeth hym selfe therin for to dye and whan he is dede of the humours of his flesshe aryseth a worm the whiche be proces of tyme geteth goodly feders is as fayre a byrde as euer y e other was before the wiche to vs is a noble ensample of the resurrexcion of our sauyour Ihesu Criste and of our rysinge agayne at the daye of dome Cap. xlix FIlomena is the nightiÌ„gall it is a lytell birde that singeth meruelously well and specially at the sonÌ„e risinge he singeth in the somer but neuer in the wynter In the begiÌ„nynge of Maye he reioyseth so moche in his songe that he neuer slepeth or very selden eteth They feght so sore somtyme eche with other that he that is ouercoÌ„men oftentymes dyeth Cap. l. FVlica is a gret byrde whyte as a swaÌ„ne with a grete brode byll hauÌ„tinge moche the waters syde and it is a wyse birde he eteth no maner of stinkynge mete or caryon and also he byldeth euer in one place Cap. li. FVcus is a great bee but nat of y e kinde of the gentyll bees for she maketh nouther hony nor waxe but sheeteth the hony and labour of other bees they haue no stingue wherfore they be nat of the trewe kynde and the other bees haue as if it ware a coÌ„mauÌ„dement ouer them if they byde ther amonge the bees without workynge than the bees ponisshe them to the vtt moste without any pyte with their stiÌ„gues and whan the hony is ful made than the bees dryue them awaye and they be nat sene but in maye it worketh for the kinge of the bees maketh him a royal wyde place couered ouer lyke a throne but for all his labour he may nat eate of the hony except he do gete it be stelthe Cap. lij GAllus the Cocke is a noble byrde with a combe on his hed vnder his iawes he croweth in y e night heuely light in y e morniÌ„ge is fare herd w t the wiÌ„de The lyon is afrayd of the cocke specially of the whyte the crowyng of the cocke is swete profitable he wakenth y e sleper he conforteth the sorowful reioyseth the wakers in tokenynge y t the night is passed The Operacyon ¶ The flesshe of the coske is groser thaÌ„ the flesshe of the heÌ„ne or caâ—on Nota the olde cockes flesshe is tenderer than the yonge The capons flesshe is mightiest of all fowles maketh gode blode AuiceÌ„na The cokerels flesshe y t neuer crewe is bett than y e olde cockes flesshe the stones be gode for theÌ„ that haue to light a disiestyon the brothe of hym is gode for the payn in y e mawe y t coÌ„meth of wynde Esculapiê° saith y e braynes dronke w t wyne helpeth all maner of bittes dothe many maruayles Cap. liij GAllina the heÌ„ne is y e wyfe of the cocke ye shall lay odde egges vnder her for to hatche that at the begiÌ„nynge of the mone and they be y e best egges that be layd within x. dayes on the fourthe daye after ye shall loke vpon the egges agaynst the sonÌ„e and they that be than clere be nat fruteful and for them other must be layde ¶ The operacion ¶ The flesshe of the yonge heÌ„ne or she haue layde is better than of the olde heÌ„ne also the grese of the cheken is moche hoter than of the heÌ„ne Esculapiê° The egge of the heÌ„ne is gode for al maner of paynes iÌ„ the iyen the hole egge brent dronke with wyne or vinegre taketh awaye all the flodes of blodes stauncheth them the grese of y e henne heleth the lytell pystes on the iyen the braynes stoppe the blode in the nose Cap. liiij GAllinacius the capon is a gelded cocke because y t he is gelded he waxeth the soner fatte though he go with the hennes he dothe nat defende them nor he croweth nat Nota the cocke that is gelded after he be .iij. yere olde than to lat hym lyue v. or vij yere longe after of hym coÌ„meth a stone named Electoriê° whaÌ„ he hath receyued y t than he drinketh nomore thefore who so hathe thys stone in his mouth it withdryueth the thurste Cap. lv GRaculus is a roke y t is blake ouer all his body sibbe to the crowe but they be lesse they bylde gladly in the hyest of the trees many of them togeder it is a very crienge birde whan they be yong they be gode to be eten but theyr skyÌ„ne must be streped of Garrulê° is a bird of many colours who so gothe by hym he chatereth cryeth vpon hym yf he be taken yoÌ„ge he lerneth to speke many wordes is the iaye he chatereth somtym so sore y t the goshawke coÌ„methe doth him displesure this byrd raueth ofteÌ„tymes so y t he hangeth himselfe on the branches of the trees Cap. lvi THe grype is bothe byrde beste hathe wynges feders w t four fete the hole body lyke the lyon the hede the forfete wynges be lyke the Egle they be eÌ„nemyes both to horse man for whan they may gete them thâ— tere them asond In sichieÌ„ of Asia be right plenteful londes where as no body coÌ„meth but these grypes that londe is full of gold siluer precious stones they be bred in the mouÌ„taynes of Iê‘bori they of Arismaspi feghteth against them for the precious stones Albertê° saith he hath clawes asmoche as y e hornes of an oxe wherof thei make disshes for to driÌ„ke of they be very riche and costly ¶ IohaÌ„nes manuylde sayth that the bddy of a great grype is bigger than viij lyons bodyes in this contre and they can take an horse with an armed man and bere it away in theyr neste And of hys quilles made greate ordonances for the bowe Cap. lvij GRacocendroÌ„ is the gretest fowle amonge all birdes he cometh but ones in a yere by his make that is in the somer and than she hath yonges after and frome thensforth they leue in chastyte Cap. lviij THe birde Gyrfalco coÌ„meth ouer the see in coÌ„pany of many wilde geese and at the nyght he taketh one in his talantys to th entent y t she shold kepe hyÌ„ warm in y e mornyng he letteth her flee agayn wtoute any harme