solent where sweet potions were sold which they had wont to drink hot as Lambinus upon Plautus and Adrtanus Junius witness and Plautus himself maketh manifest where he reckoneth Murrhinam passum defrutum mellinam Horatius also when he writes to Telephus in his third Book of Odes hath this saying Quo Chium pretio cadum Mercemur quis aquam temperet ignibus For Chian wine what men exact who 'll our water to warmth redact I answere that this place of Horace is nothing to the purpose for the Poet speaks of bathing so Bond upon this place quis balneum calefaciat nam veteres non nisi loti uncti discumbebant He speaks of heating of water for a bath for the ancients never sat down to meat unless bathed and oynted Lastly Juvenal in his fisth Satyr hath this saying Quando vecatus adest calidae gelidae minister When will the drawer come to give us hot and cold water And Martial in his verses made to Sextilianus the great dtinker saith thus Iam defecisset portantes calda ministros Si non potares Sextiliane merum They had lake hot water by this time Had not Sextilian drunk wine And in many other places especially Martial speaketh of Calda But I answere with Latinus Tancredus potus bifariaÌ„ intelligitur aut onim viribus ignis aut solis incaluit aut potus calidus est illa qua vel vinum quae nulla arte refrigerantur sed qualia contingit esse bibituris bibenda offeruntur Hinc Caldam Martilis appellat aquam nullo inâ—enio redditam-frigidam Drink is taken two wayes either that which is hot by fire or the Sun or warm drink is that water or wine which is are not cooled by art And so Martial calls water hot caldam that which by cunning or invention is not cooled Hieronymus Mercurialis Scribit Caldam fuisse aquam illam quae nulla arte refregeratur sed quae qualis suapte natura potituris porrigebatur Sic etiam Seneca in frigidam descendi hoc apud me vocatur parum calda Wherefore I conclude that water or wine or beer that is hot by fire or Sun is never to be given in haile and sound bodies because they be for no use but to cause nauscousness and vomiting for actual hot drink is contrary to nature which in thirst requires cold and moist drink which the nature of Beasts do make manifest for they by a natural instinct follow cold drink besides neither Galen or any other Physitian ever praescribed warm drink in the Regiment of health And if it can be proved among the ancients that they ever drank warm drink it was more for their pleasure and wantoness then for health and so L. Mercatus saith non sanitatis sed libidinis gratia potabant Calidam These are I think answeres sufficient against our Author There be other Testimonies which are by these things that have been said already answered and I will not chew my cud Occidit miseros crambe repetita magistros But I had almost past over the Chinenses which seems to be a matter of great moment That warm drink saith our Author is used at this day amongst whole nations I will prove by Giovani Petro Maffei the Jesuite who in his sixth Book of Histories writes that they of China do for the most part drink the strained liquor of an herb called Chia And Persino the Iâ—alian writes that he saw himself 3. Principes Grapponenses which came to kiss Pope Gregorie the 13. foot who drank nothing but water affirming it to be the custom of their Countrey I answere that custom hath a plenipotentionary power in diet especialy and those of China and Japonenses drink warm water from their infancie therefore natural because custom is another nature But to answere the Traveller with a Traveller and pay him in his own kind Audivi inquit Tancredus de nobiliss equite Vincentio Bune qui ea loca peragravit cos populos distillationibus obnoxios cui malo ut occurrant praesens inveniunt remedium calidam potionem So those of China and Japan are vexed with distillations and therefore drink warm drink as a remedy for their distillations So may any man that pleaseth if he be troubled with fluxes catarrhes and distillations and accustomed from their infancy may drink their drink warm And to wind up the bottom of all my discourse I will only insert a few verses out of Martial Setinum dominaeque nives densique trientes Quando ego vos medico non prohibente bibam Stultus ingratus nec tanto munere dignus Qui mavult haeres divitis esse Mydae Possideat Libycas messes Hermumque Tagumque Et potet calidam qui mihi laudat aquam When shall we drink rich wine with snow made cold Which with his glittring sparkles burnes in gold He is a foole ingrateful and not worth So great a blessing that 's Midas in s birth Let him have Iamaica gold nay much more Then Hermus Tagus and Liby an shore Let him drink cold that is discrete and waighes it And let only fooles drink warm that praise it Thus I end wishing not any of my Friends to drink warm drink 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ΠΕΡΙ ΘΕΡΜΟΠΟΣΙΑΣ I Am tandem coronidis vice conclusiones quasdam tanquaÌ„ tot bases dogâ— maticae veteris doctrinae contrâ— Medicinae navatores constiâ—uere ob oculo sponere decrevi in quibus no proletarios inferioris classis criticos sed eruditos 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 provocare audeo neque enin is sum quirigidas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 censuras ut decumanum fluctum aut 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 formido Conclusiones autem sunt hae sequentes Prima est Calidus potus aut tepidus nulli sano homini convenit Haec conclusio est Christoph a Vega omnium dogmaticorum cujus ratio est quod calida tepida debilitant stomachum relaxando causant vomitum ut recte Petrus Abanus Aqua calida ut etiam Gentilis super Avicennam corrumpit digestionem intelligit concoctionem nam digestio fit in fundo aqua autem calida dilatat cibum frigiditas constringit Idem docet Avicenna Galen 1. ad Glauconem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sic tepidaventriculi firmitatem dissolvunt 8. Method 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 6. tuend San. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cornel. Cels lib. 1. c. 3. qui vomere post cibum volet si ex facili faciet aquam tanquam tepidam ante debet assumâ—re Et quia Praesbyteriani hunc potum calidum aut tepidum solent propmare adferam pro illis Caput tertium Apocalypseos vers 16. in quem locum Arethas Caesariae Cappadociae Episcopus sic commentat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Quare omnes quod sciam calidam tepidam poâ—ionem damnarunt sane neque Galenus neque ullus alius Medicus calidae potonis unquaÌ„ nisi in aegrotis mentionem fecre Unde recte Hieronymus Mercurialis Ego
skin fell off dead Avicenna Prince of the Arabian Physitians tells us of a yong maid that was nourished with poyson Galen relates a story of an old Athenian woman that was nourished with hen-bane She began with a little quantity at first which nature overcame by degrees at length she came to a great dose and concocted that also For custome as Galen asserts had made it naturall Hippocrates de aere aqua locis proves that custome changes into nature for macrocephali or or long-heads are made by custome of the mid-wife or nurses stroaking and from them naturall long-heads are begotten although the first were made by custome Notandum quod de hominibus accidit ut Cardanus idem de mundo ut consuetudo omnia meliora essiciat nam quae singulis annis contingunt meliora sunt quam quae raro Nam Mundus consuetudine tenetur ut ipsi mortales it is to be noted that which happens to men the same falls out of the world that custome makes all things better Those things which happen every yeere are better then those which happen seldome For the whole world holds custom as well men and to prove further the power of custom Every thing in the world as much as is possible produces his species Man begets man The Sun produceth his species in a cloud which makes the rainbow Thus the species and formes of bodies are represented in a glasse meats and drinks continually accustomed beget a character image or similitude of it selfe in the stomacke liver and other parts which similitudes being imprinted in those parts they receive them readier because consueta sunt similia amica that is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Hippocrates 3. Acut 3.33 They entertaine one another like brethren familiarly and consequently familiarity causeth sooner concoction And to draw to a conclusion thus our English beer or ale c. is received readier and concocted quicker then water because it is accustomed in our countrey water is not and therefore is not so easily received nor so familiarly concocted Nothing hinders so much the action of receiving and concocting as resistancy which consists in a dissimilitude or contrariety but things not accustomed have a contrariety and dissimilitude Such is water in our country beer is according to nature because accustomed Hippocrates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 water in our country is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 against nature because not accustomed upon which place of Hippocrates Galen hath these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that which is accustomed is good that which is not accustomed is naught Therefore beer is good water is naught wherefore it is Herculeum argumentum an argument as strong as Hercules That no nation must drinke water against custome Galen uses this strong argument and hath it from the antient admirable Poet Homer who speaking of old men that they should after supper go to bed c saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for this is the custome of old men S. Paul ut prophanis sacra misceam uses the very same argument 1. Cor. 11.17 we have no such custome in the Church And 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an old and inveterate custome is of grand authority in the church of God For so the great council of Nice cried out 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 let the old custome of the Church take place Ancient customes are lawes not onlyin physick and Philosophy but in civill and Ecclesiasticall matters If then custome be so great an argument in naturall civill and ecclesiasticall affairs Why may we not use this argument negatively as St. Paul and affirmatively as Galen It is as great an argument in the negative against water as can be possible 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 we have no such custome in England to drink water therefore we may not drink it And it is no lesse argument in the affirmative for beer 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 It is the custome of English to drink beer Cerevisiam therefore we must drink beer and consequently no water CHAP. XIIII That wine is absolutely better than water THe divine and inaccessible light changes always for the best and man that is a glimpse divinae partiula aurae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of that light changes for the best as far as human wisdome reacheth God out of darknesse and Chaos made light and order which is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the world Our blessed Saviour that Orientall light turned water into wine miraculously but our new lights the novelists ignorantly turne wine and beer into water which is as foolish a change as that of Diomedes and Glaucus which Homer describes thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which thus I turne very briefly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Jove Saturns sonne had Glaucus made an Asse And chan'gd his armour that was gold for brasse Now we see these new lights are in the same condition with Glaucus they change wine and beer to water 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 there is as much difference between wine and water as is between gold and brasse Wine not onely as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a matter of diet or aliment but as a medicament is better then water This conclusion is not of mine own invention but is the ancient opinion of our Antique lights Johannes Collâ— called Cosmitor wine saith he according to the authorities of the ancient writers is better then water But I prove it invincibly out of Galen for it is his authority that strikes dead all novelists He therefore in 6. Epidem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 non solum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wine saith he is better then water for concoction distribution to make good blood to nourish to make water to breath better But our noveâ—ists may well grant all this but it is not better First to quench thirst ' Secondly it is not better to repress vapours To the first I answer with Antonius Fumanellus that aqua cum vino exhibit a citiùs sitim extinguit water mixed with wine doth quench the â—hirst sooner And Galen himselfe hath the same sentence expressely â—rimo de simp med facult 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wine if it be mixt with water quencheth the thirst sooner then water alone for wine addes wings to the penetration and distribution of water in all parts To the second I answer that wine mixt with water or waterish wine tooles and represses vapours Hippocrates where the brain is touched gives water or waterish wine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acâ—t 4. gives water or waterish wine For although wine be hoâ— and therefore is quicly carried up tâ— the brain and carrieth up hot humours which it yet waterish winâ— such as hath the nature or temper 〈◊〉 water 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 8. Meth. 3. in colour and vertue liâ—â— water is cold and represses vapours For if it hath the nature of water must have the same effects that water hath and cannot raise humors or vapours up to the brain It maâ—
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 burning feavers Nothing quench fire better then water In these and such like we may give water to those that are not accustomed for as Galen saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and if the greatness 11. M. 9. or vehemency of the feaver praeponderate then custom is not a necessary condition the magnitude of a sickness Ecclips and shaddows custom and other inferiour indications This is also to be understood where water is drank in hot Countries but where the distempers are not so great custom hath a necessary condition Galen 9. Meth. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but to one that is not accustomed I will not begin to give cold water until his former health be recovered We see that Galen dare not give cold water to one that is not accustomed So 10. Meth. 5. speaking of Hecticks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The only cure is to give cold water moderately and timely and if was a custom in the time of his health Therefore we see that custom bears a necessary power in these distempers and especially in cold Countries The second objection is that water quencheth thirst better then wine this is the argument That which actually and potentially doth most coole and moysten quencheth thirst best but water doth both actually potentially most coole and moysten therefore quench thirst better then wine for small wine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 although it moystens actually potentially yet heats potentially I Answere that this objectioÌ„ hath been answered before in part Chapter 14. where in I proved that wine quencheth thirst better because it addes wings to the penitration of water by reason of the thinness and tenuity of parts So sal Prunellae and sal tartari although they be hot coole more being mixed with cold water therefore the minor proposition is denyed for t is false And although Hippocrates 6. Epidem commends water in hot natures 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nevertheless in another place for water he gives wine in hot natures and in extream thirst he giveth wine and that very cold Galens words are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Galen de dieta sanorum Hippocrates in this place seems better to praescribe waterish wine that is cold and yet obtaines the commodities of water Secondly to speak accurately 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or dilute wine is one thing but waterish wine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is another this is not hot but cold Galen 2. Acut. 32. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sitim tollit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 waterish wine asswageth thirst by coldness and moysture Again wine dilute is of two sorts thick and thin that which is thin cooleth and therefore all dilute wine that is wine mixt with water or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 do not heat The third objection is that water is good for poor blind eyes or such as see obscurely and for this they quote Alexander Trallian But Hollerius citeth Aristotle in his Problemes that hydropotae acutius vident that water drinkers see more acutely the reason pretended is quia vapores mag is supprimit This authority I cannot yet find neither in Trallian nor in Aristotle And the reason if true may be applyed as well to beer and waterish wine but I could never find in antiquity that water repress vapours but rather contrary that in cholerick bodies it increaseth choler but wine is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1. San. tuend tempereth cholerick humoâ—s Besides it helpeth forward all Evacuations 11. Meth. 9. therefore it helps to repel vapours Secondly water is no auxiliary to quickness of sight 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 neither inwardly or outwardly as an efficient cause but by accident t is not excrementitious 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hippocrates and Rondeletius in this case gives nowrishment that is easy and not excrementitious such is dilute wine if it be thin and do not vapour up to the head Hieronymus Mercurialis in the distillation of the eyes where flies moats seem to be Aquam hoc casu a Rase ab Avicenna damnatam invenio I find water to be condemned Thirdly suppose it to be true that water drinkers have Argos or Linceus his eyes Surely the eyes of their understanding are not so quick for in cold Countries especially water begets flegme Besides elevated conceits or divine raptures come not from water drinkers The Poet can make out that Nulla placere diu neque vivere carmina possunt Quae scribuntur aquae potoribus Thus if that be true which Horacerehearses Small beer drinkers never make good verse T is wine that gives alas ingenio wings to wit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wine is the flying horse Pegasus As the Epigrammatist CHAP. XXVI The Epilogue I Could Gentle Reader dwell upon this subject a year and not be satisfied in any of these Chapters but would refine them every one and lick them over and over as they say beares do there whelps and be critical too But I fear they are difficult enough to vulgar capacities although but rudely polisht Therefore I desist and expect these new lights may shew more light Every man is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a light that hath but the light of reason I confess there is a great difference for some have a great light of reason others have as little and apter to be lighted then to give light Solid bodies give the greatest light Solid reasons are the best lights Hippocrates for humane light among Physitians was the greatest 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Nicomedes His very words are the voice of God 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Galen that is Apollinis which was the Author of Physick and therefore stiled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the cause of health Apollo was also called absolutely 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 God These are Galens words But this by the way weak eyes cannot look against the Sun by reason of their own weakness and the incomparable light of the Sun Ignorant men that have not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a general literature cannot look upon Hippocrates writings by reason of their own ignorance and the admirable light that is in Hippocrates And Galen next to him is the greatest light his Dialect is as clear as the Sun his reasons are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as liquid and bright as fire His indications or demonstrations are such as dazle the understanding of the best Physitians And these are the lights whereby we have proved our opinion Now if there be any new light among the novellists that can shew me clearer reason authority for the drinking of water in England I will subscribe Et erit mihi Magnus Apollo Et nos cantemus quod clara voce camaenae Bistonia cecinere Lyra 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 He unto me Apollo shall be And we will sing that which the Muses plaid On there Biston Harps when they call'd for aide O Apollo O Apollo THE SECOND BOOK ΠΕΡΙ ΘΕΡΜΟΠΟΣΙΑΣ The the READER IN my former Book I have
contrahunt languorem that is the frailty of mans nature is such or come to that passe that few there be living that may drink water without hurt by reason of the weaknesse and languishing condition they got from their first principles or all ill course of drinking for he that drinks water must have 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 such strength as men had in the infancy of the world Otherwise cold water 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 7. Meth. that it works a secret cold to weak bodies And we cannot determine in our countrey because we are not accustomed whether our inward parts 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 9. Meth. 5. may bear the familiarity of water for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the indication of parts that I may adde this to the former Indication requires most accustomed things as Galen 4. Meth. 7. his words are these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but of custome we shall speak afterwards Hence I conclude that our bodies especially in England where luxurie and distempers are not esse but rather more then in Galens time are much effeminated and weakned and consequently cannot beare water And if our bodies could endure and were able enough to drink it yet our Countrey would not admit it as is proved in the next Chapter CHAP. V. Water is not good in cold Countries BY the way I must give my Reader notice that I handle of water as dieteticall or as it belongs to diet and afterward shal speak of it pharmaceutically that is belonging to physick therefore to goe forward There is another Indication taken from the Countrey wherein we live Hippocrates in his Aphorisms 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 we must consider and regard our Countrey for severall Countries require severall diets A hot region claimes a coole diet Therefore t is better to drink water in Africa and Lybia then in Northern Countries Wherefore Avicenna the Prince of the Arabian Physitians affirme regio frigida tolerat vinum calida non tolerat that a cold region may tolerate Wine a hot region will not allow of it But t is Galens letter that kills 8. Meth. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an intemperate time of the yeer the inclemency of the ayre and Countrey doe demonstrate the Contrary diet Valesius and Paparella confirme this saying that the diet of septentrionall and cold Countries must be like the diet of winter There may be two solid reasons given The first is because cold and phlegmatique humors are most frequently generated in cold and septentrionall Countries but water increaseth such plegmatique humors as Galen lib. de humoribus somnus inquit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 inducunt pituitam sleep and drinking of water beget phlegme Therefore we must not drink cold water in cold Countries for as I said before the reason or indication demonstrate quite contrary which rely upon this great and the maynest foundation of our faculty Contraries are cured by contraâ—ies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is the most generall scope of all distempered constitutions The second reason is because waters are not well concocted in cold Countries for waters rising towards the North and averse to the Sunne are of ill consequence So Cardan Aquae Pluviae fontanae fluminum solae optima in regionibus validis siccis Orientalibus pessimae in conirarils locis that is waters are best in hot dry and orientall Countries but worst in contrary Countries and harder to be concocted Let us therefore conclude with the ever admirable Gal. 11. Method ubi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 non est aqua danda where the ayr is cold there water is not to be given And there is the same reason of the constiâ—ution or slate of the heavens the time of the year and region for all these are comprehended under the notion of ayr which Galen and Aristotle call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in a hundred places And if any object that water in Summer time although I have seen Gentlemen drink cold water in Winter let them look to it is better and may be drank in our cold Countrey I answer with Plutarch in his naturall questions Water in Summer is more malicious the heat drawing or discussing the sweetest and lightest part of it for so sound these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Secondly If any more curious critick shall object that in cold Countries or Regions men are hotter and stronger inwardly therefore they may concoct water better in cold Countries and in Winter For the heat is concentrated by an antiperistasis But if this be true then the colder the Country the hotter and stronger the men for concoction therefore in the coldest Countreyes we may drink water and in the hottest we may drink wine Secondly if men be hotter and concoct better in cold Countries and Winter how then comes it to passe that we are subject to Rhewmes and fluxes and generally to all phlegmatique diseases in such Countreyes and it Winter time Therefore to give a full answer to this doubt we must understand that in these cases the naturall heat is increased in quantity but diminished in quality and this is the reason that phlegrne is begotten in such Countries and in winter For the remission of heat is a kind of cooling which great hunger and little thirst doe demonstrate Wherefore Hippocrates in his book of diet text 2. saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 we eate much in Winter and drink little but our drink must be meracissimum strong wine And Galen gives the reason because winter is cold and moyst 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 therefore we must heat and dry the body by reason of the excesse of coldnesse and moystnesse of the temper of the time the very heart is colder the pulse is lesse slower and seldomer the braine abounds eatarches the liver generates phlegmatique bloud by which discourse we seethat water is not convenient in winter The samereasoâ— is of cold Countries in which water is hurtful Wine not mixt with water but pure wine and strong beere are more beneficiall to our natures Therefore by providence nature hath afforded us beer of necessity as Cardane saith very well At verò necessariò qui Boream inhabitant zythum ex hordeo siligine tritico faciunt lib. de subtilitate CHAP. VI. England is a cold Countrcy c. THat England is situated in the North part of the world I think no man will deny for not only Bodin and Cardan and other Neotericks affirme it but the old Geographers France is cold as the proverb witnesseth Gallicâ heyme frigidius in Euphormio colder then the French cold But England is more septentrionall or Northern then France As Stephanus de urbibus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Brittaine is an Iland imitating the continent after or beyond France so this preposition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 must be expounded which I could shew by diverse authorities but this is to trifle away the time For Strabe in his Geographie speaks plaine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I think the Britaines to
be more septentrionall then the French Plutarch out of Asclepiades reports the Egyptians grow old at thirty yeares because they are burnt with the Sunne But the Brittains live 120. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for the coldnesse of the place which conserves the natural heat The Aethiopian bodies are more spungious and rare but English men which are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 under the North for so Galen who hath the same story expounds it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 have bodies more compact and thick and therefore live longer Scaliger in his exercitations calls English men gluttons or great eaters Anglos voroces which Epithere proves England to be cold for cold Countries eat more then other Nations We may read in the Aphorisms 1.15 and 17. that in winter we eat most This much eating or gluttony cometh from the coldnesse of the Country Wherefore Argenterius doth not relish in my palate when he asserts voracity to proceed from a hot distemper of the liver Qui per nives incednÌ„t multnÌ„ commedunt Plut. 6. Sympos 8. for cold both externall and internall provoke the appetite Plutarch informes us that the ayre at Delphis a City in Boetia is sharp and biting which argue the concoction of meat his words are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so doth water inwardly cause hunger therefore great Hippocrates Sexto Epidem as the oracle of Apollo 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 water is ravenous and very hungry because it maketh men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 voratores for I think the latine hath his originall from the greek gredy-gâ—ts because t is cold for cold water and cold meat contract the tunicles of the stomack and in them the bloud which increase the appetite as Galen doth signifie 1o. de Symp. caus in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In the same place he shewes that heat asswages and blunts hunger Therefore Argenterius his ratiocination is not well biassed in this matter Valesius also saith that water is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hungry hungry because it doth not nourish and coole the stomack But I will not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cut to the quick othermens errors At the present t is enough that externall cold causeth much eating If English eat much they must drink bâ—â—r or wine to help coâ—â—â—ction therefore English men have a good stomack therefore the Country is cold Cardan in his book of subtilities saith England hath no Serpents ob frigus immensum by reason of the extreme cold And saith further that sheep in England doe not drink water rore caeli sitim sedant ab omni alio potu arcentur quiaibâ—aquae sunt exitiales flocks of sheep quench their thirst with the dew of Heaven But sheep drink water in a hot and dry Summer because water in England is very evill and dangerous In other Countries Shepheards drive their Sheep to the water for t is their only drink as Aristotle Varro Plutarch c. and Virgil to boot Ad puteos aut alta greges ad stagna jubeto Nostra regio saith Cardan aquas bonas ob frigiditatem non admittit neque in Thaseo neque in Abderi nec Larissa quae omnes sunt urbes partim in Thessalia partimin Thracia aut Arcadia bonae erant aquae quoniam loca montosa haec Our Countrey affords us no good water because of the coldnesse and a all ther Countries that are mountanous have no good water because they are cold so is England cold both by reason that t is septentrioual northern and by reason of mountaines as Ludovicus Mercatus saying omnes regiones ad septentrionem vergentes montotosae sunt frigidae as England therefore called Albian ab altis alb is rupibus quas mare pluit from high and white Rocks which the sea washeth Now if some upstart Critick object Scaliger in his exercitations that Angliae coelum is temperatum that England's ayre is temperate 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I answer that this opion of Scaliger does not favour the Novelists of this age for if England be temperate then it requires a temperate diet as Galen lib. de Meth. and libro de dieta text 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that if the Countrey be temperate as the spring Hippocrates commends a temperate diet and giveth a sufficient reason following 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that it behoveth to keep a temperate temper and to change a distemperate temper but water is not temperate in our Countrey but t is cold of its own nature and colder in cold Countries Secondly I answer that England is temperate in respect of Grontland an Island which comes neerer the pole and such as inhabite extremas Oceani glacialis terras the furthest parts neer the frozen sea But t is cold in respect of South Countries Now out of this chapter I deduce these following conclusions First if England be cold t is not good drinking of water in it because cold distempered Countries require hot drink Secondly The water in England is not wel concocted and will be hardly concocted of us for t is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thirdly If water be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hungry which make men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which are all one that is devourers and eatalls especially in winter we may become hungerstarved on the contrary good ale or strong beer is meat drink and cloth as the old saying and soon satisfie hunger so doth wine which is more proper in cold Countries then water and an excellent remedy against hunger which water increaseth for so the sonne of Aesculapius great Hippocrates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. Aph. 21. t is wine that cures hunger although it were from a doglike appetite Fifthly if Shepheards will not let their sheep drink in our Countrey because the water is pernicious I conclude that Shephards in England are more carefull of their sheep then the Novelists of their patients in this behalf for surely they intend to make them Arcadicum pecus beasts of Arcadia whose dulnesse Aesculapius and Apollo shall never cure CHAP. VII We may use stupifiing things to eat as well as drink water I See no reason but that we may as well give Narcoticks that is stupefying things as ppopy and opium as wel as water in our Countrey many Countries drink water without harme Soe the Mauritanians and Persians are so accustomed to eat opium that when they abstaine they are in fear of their lives As Garcius ab Horto and Christophorus a Costa testifie The Turks eat opium dayly Petrus Bellonius saw a Janisary eat a dram without hurt Rondeletius a prime Physition saw a Spaniard eat halfe an ounce without any prejudice of his health Beside opium in strong and hot bodies cannot hurt unlesse it be immoderately taken and out of season The same I say of water It cannot hurt strong and hot bodies in hot Countries where they be accustomed Opium in children and women in cold Countries where they be not accustomed is dangerous soe is water And if
we may not exhibite opium becase t is stupefying or narcotick by the same reason we must not give water because t is narcoticall or stupefying as appears 5. Aphoris 25. cold water cures the the Gout and takes away the paine because 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 moderate stupidnesse or stupefying dissoves paine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is benumming 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is to benum Galen upon this Aphorisme noteth that cold water benums and stupefies the parts So Christophorus a Vega soe Fonseca Aqua frigida stuporem iuducit cold water brings stupidnesse and generally all cold medicines beâ—â—m and stupefie the senses Galen 3. de temperament c. 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sunt 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cold things coole and stupefie And water is cold as well as poppy Galen 3. de temp 3. speaking of those things which are cold as juice of poppy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the nature of poppy is cold as also is water But our Novelists object that opium is an narcoticall and narcoticks be hot If this proposition be true then it may be given in cold Countries better then water And if there be any accurate Criticks that can make it out that opium and narcoticks be hot then I promise upon my fidelity to eat as much opium as any Janisary or Spaniard and if they cannot prove it their punishment shall be to eat 10 or 5. graines But for the present Galens authority is greater then any Pigmie or Colos-critick can contradict although some of these Novelists report that Galen was not a competent judge which is as indiscrete as the former proposition Galen saith that the juice of poppy that is opium is cold in the forth degree for Galen esteems opium among poysons and nominates castorium which is hot to be its correcter Neither is the bitternesse any any certaine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or note of heat as the novelists imagine for then Endive Succory and Roses are hot for all these are bitter But suppose for granted opium or juice of poppy to be hot then I would faine learn how it came to be a narcotick Here I expect 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 some strange arguments that is more then humane for no hot medicine can stupefie as a hot medicine Give me leave good Reader to make a digression I had an occasion given me to be with a Gentleman that was taken with a melancholy madnesse and because he could not sleep for many nights together but raved I would have administred syrup of poppies or a decoction of a poppy head but presently I was runne down by a Doctor of divinity that had a smattering in Physick who by noe meanes would admit of my judgement but affirmed confidently see how new lights can prevaile in this age those things which I advised were narcoticall or stupesying and would fix the humor or vapour in the braine causing the disease to be incurable Good God! to see the ratiocination of this new light for it narcoticks or stupefying medicines be hot as he and others have strongly defended against me how can they fix the vapour or humor The Philosopher can easily consute this unheard paradox Aristotle 5. de generatione 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 heat makes thinner and subtiler And Galen is very frequent in this dâ—scourse 20. de simp Med. 20. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so in his book de tremore palpit cap. 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is in a word heate makes thinne dilates and rarifies nor only thick and grosse spirits but bodies but on the contrary t is cold that fix congeale's and makes Ice as every mechanick that is rationall know although he hath but a twilight of reason Secondly If opium be hot it cannot cause sleep for all sleep cometh of a cold cause 20. de locis affect 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cold causeth sleep not only naturall but praeternaturall Thirdly A hot naâ—cotick is as great non-sence as can be imagined t is a black Swan a cold fire or hot Ice Fourthly If all narcoticks be hot then water is hot for water stupefies as I proved before out of Hippocrates and Galen Now if out Neoterick be so wise and cautelous to forbid us the use of stupefying medicines Why will they have us drink water unlesse it be to stupefie our understandings and make us like beasts But to return to our Divine-Doctor in Physick was he not well read in Galens Method or did he ever read one jot of his Theory I imagine he never sounded that depth yet he dare Catechise us and give us Laws and Maximes nay he dare undertake to fathome the vast limits of two great faculties in the narrow compasse of his own understanding Let not Divines intermedle with Physick lest they prove bad divines and worse Physitians quod medicorum est promittant medici Let Physitians handle physick And that we may give stupifying and sleepy medicines which be narcoticall all practitioners approve of in phrensies madness and generaly in all diseases where the patient cannot sleep besides Galen is worth a thousand testimonies 13. Meth 21. speaking of those that cannot sleep 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 we must make the principal part stupefied and sleepy In another place he saith that opium cures phreneticall madnesse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of those that cannot sleep 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that opium causeth sleepe marvelously and further if it be well corrected 't is a soveraigne and healthfull remedy Now see what a learned age we have that contradict so great a light to whom the world for above a thousand years together have subscribed but now without reading of Galen t is enough to sleep on Parnassus top one night and early in the morning rise new dubd Physitians by Oeron King of Faries like upstart mushrums guided and directed by the light of a glow-worm CHAP. VIII Whether we may not eat Acorns as well as drink water I Marvaile that some new light of this doting age doe not bring upon the stage the eating of Acorns as well as drinking of water for in the infancy of the world men and beasts had their meat and drinke in common They both eat acorns and both drank water Cardan de san tuend water saith he is the natural drink of all living Creatures Lucretius Ac sedare sitim fluvios fontesque vocabant for without doubt all the world drank water in the beginning of the world and that they cat acorns t is no lesse manifest Plutarch 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tasting and eating of acornes they danced for joy about the oake and beech Galen de aliment facult 2.34 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in old time men lived of acorns alone and the Arcadians a long time after Hence the Ancient Oracles in Herodotus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Men in Arcadia eat Acornes for that 's their meat But if men did eat acornes in the infancy of the world why may they not cat them again in the
supâ—rante in ea aquae qualâ—tate ac substantia And this is the beer which is better then water in every respect in our Countrey for this beer hath no ill quality in it But some Capricious fellow may object that Zythum facit Elephantiacos as Dioscorides seems to teach That is beer maketh the skin of a blackish rough of the colour of an Elephant Scaliger in his exercitations Answears that barly cannot do this mischief nor hops Lupulum dant medici ad sanguinis defaecationem Physitians give hops to purifie and clense the blood for it cannot be that beer should be so hurtful and unhealthful as the Ancients imagine as Valleriola Neque enim tam damnosa insalubris haec hordeacea potio quam prisci authores faciunt Among al other beers our English beer is as good as any if not outstrip al other beers Why then should we like so many Don Quixotes change our national drink for water Now let us come to experience CHAP. XVII Of experience that beer is healthful I Have proved before that water is not convenient in our Countrey And that beer is better which we may prove by experience I remember Hippocrates words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 experience of it self is slipery and ready to fall Therefore we speak of experience joyned to reason Vide Mercat Tom. 2. p. 17. ExperimeÌ„to sine ratione facto non video our mihi subscribendum I see no reason why we should subscribe to experience without reason There be two wayes of investigation 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 called the theory 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is practice or experience Theory is the right-leg experience the left which 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This opinioÌ„ of water in our Countrey is but of yesterday Tutiss judicari ab experientia 1 tuend san 11. then what experience can it have but ale wine beer are of longer standing and confirmed by experience for wine I wil not treat how long it hath been in use in our Countrey Beer and ale both are comprehended in this word cerevisia might be in Dioscorides his time but not well known to him Later Authors have more experience of our ale or beer Manardus lib. Epist 5.2 Experientia docet septentrionales homines qui nihil fere alind bibunt quam cerevisiam pulcherrimos saluberrimos robustissimos Experience teacheth us that septentrional men that drink almost nothing else but beer or ale to be the properest strongest and the healthfullest men Fuchius Cerevisia iis populis qui Aquilonares regiones incolunt potus non est ineptus quod verum esse septentrionalium locorum incolae abunde testantur quos robustissimos formo sissimos esse constat that beer is a convenient drink to those that dwel in the North regions those inhabitants abundantly testifie which to be the strongest and the fairest 't is manifest Valleriola Nos tamen sensuum fide experimur nullos aut corpore robustiores aut valetudine salubriores meliúsque habitos quam qui cervisia Zytho aut Curmi vocato pro vino utuntur We have experience by sense that none are stronger in body or more healthful and better habituated then those that drink beer or ale CHAP. XVIII Of the ill qualities of Water T Is a good argument which is deduced from the matter of diet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Therefore t is convenient that I treat of the nature and qualities of water as well as of beer And I told you before of the virtues of beer so now I will relate the vices of water for it was not without great reason that the ancients mingled water with wine Homer makes mention of it in this verse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The faire Penelope's suters sup Both Bachus and Neptune in one great cup. And Virgil imitates Homer for a haire Poculaque inveÌ„t is Achelcia miscuit uvis The reason is to correct the ill conditions and vices of water and to mitigate and asswage the heat of wine which Galen 3. Acut. affirmes in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the vices of water are these which Galen sets down Meth. 7. in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Water stayes long in the belly especially under the short ribs and maketh a floting and wavering in the stomack 't is converted to wind 't is corrupted Lastly it dissolves the gallantrie and metle of the stomack And Galen further ads that water hath all these ill qualities or vices 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the coldness of it Therefore the colder water is the worse but water is colder in northern regions For waters which belong to the North and have the Sunne adverse to them are hardly concocted and consequently have these fore-mentioned vices Galen also 3. Acut. saith water is hard of concoction 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and pass with difficulty 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Although it be the best water His words are these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Galen here comments upon Hippocrates who finds fault and least any Curiosity should object that Hippocrates speaks of naughty and water He takes away that objection saying that Hippocrates spake of the best water for Hippocrates uses to speak of the best and so we must understand him at this present 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hippocrates refers all his sayings to the best the purest water in that which is not mixt with any alien and strange quality And this although it be the best stayes a long time in the belly and makes fluctuations Therefore all these vices in water are to be understood of the best water and it hath all these faults from its coldness Water is cold of its own nature therefore of necessary consequence it must have the foresaid ill qualities so Galen 4. de rat vict Aqua est 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 'T is naturally cold and staying in the belly Therefore the best water hath these ill qualities naturally and more especially in cold Countries CHAP. XIX Two grosse errors in our new lights about the exhibition of Water IN muggy and foggy weather candles burn not so clear for then we see about them putres concrescere fungos that is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a spongious concrescence about the snuffe And our new lights burn dimme when a dampe or obscure sume clowds their braine but such lights must be snuffed debemus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 They want a payer of snuffers I will be their servant if I can to take away two gross errors that be spungious Our novelists are as bold as Lions to give water against clear reason against Countrey custom and the nature of our bodies c. but beside all these they commit two gross errors in the exhibition of water For first they give well or pump water commonly as I have seen my self Yet this is a gross errour and condemned almost of all the Learned Galen condemnes fountaine water that runs 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 towards the North and have the Sunne adverse
any face could have so much brass as to tell so bold a lye to the University For Homer speaks no more of Method then he doth de facie in orbe lunae or of the man in the Moon And if we believe the divine Plato this golden chaine is the Sun Plato hâ—s words declaring the golden chaine are these in his Theaeteto 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by the light of this Sun we may see the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or sparkes of our Authors understanding Who I easily believe did understand Greek no more then a Beast yet forsooth he must quote Homer's Greek words to no purpose at all Now I will come to his discourse which I think is as brutish and illiterate as the former of Method and will have as bad success for where as t is a manifest and firme conclusion never contradicted for these thousand years together by the Learn'dest all ages That cold drink is better to quench thirst then warm because thirst is a disposition hot and dry and therefore requires a cold and moist remedy to give it satisfaction so Aristoteles 2. de anima 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thirst is an appetite of moysture and coldness Therefore it must have drink cold and moyst This is an invincible argument I shall not need to put this argument into a Syllogistical forme Every proposition in Arist virtually is a syllogisme The Learned may know that the argument is grownded upon the great whoele of Physick which is that contraries are cured by contraries and that the conclusion must follow 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of necessity Yet our incomparable Author brings this argument with great dexterity of wit as he said before of Homer to prove warm drink better to quench thirst then cold Thus he bringeth the greatest ratiocination against himself that can be possible as he himself in a manner confesseth so that he is urged to prove one of these results Either that drink actually hot doth better coole and moysten the body then cold drink Or else Aristotle his meaning is not directly as his words seem literally to pretend The first result is such an evident contradict on in it self that t is madness to confute and our Author passeth it over in silence as ridiculous The second result is so opposite to Aristotle that he saith t is no small impudence to oppose so great a Philosopher Therefore at last he begins to slubber over the matter and would make a nose of wax of Aristotle his text that his meaning is not directly as his words seem bringing neither reason or authority for his opinion but rather an objection or two to prove that thirst is only an appetite of moistness which he proveth out of the tenth section of the problems where the Philosopher inquiring saith he what the cause should be why other Creatures do sooner prey of and eat dry meat then moyst but man more often takes moyst things then dry which causeth him to desire to be cooled whereby t is to be noted that he only maketh mention of moysture to coole But to answere this frivolous objection and clear the Philosopher we will lay down his own words which are these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is why other living Creatures take dry nowrishment but man takes drink or moyst nowrishment Is it because man by nature is hottest and desire more cooling By this discourse of Aristotle you may see if you have any poreblind eye of the understanding that the Philosopher teacheth how man because he is hot drinks more then he eats And indeed man is hotter calido innato with an imbred heat then other Creatures therefore he must defire more cooling from drink 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 moyst nonrishment is nothing else but drink 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Plato and as Aristotle saith in his problemes man requires moysture 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 So Galen in 5. Aphoris 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and so 2. Aphoris 11. And because our Author did not understand Aristotle's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he built the whole fabrick of his opinion upon his own ignorance therefore I must tell him that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 drink and moysture is all one Besides Aristotle in this very place cited by our Author seems to understand moysture to to coole 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which can be nothing else but drink that is actually and potentially cold and so Gâ—â—stavinius upon this probleme interprets and if our Author had been in his wits he could not have understood this place of Aristotle otherwaies but I fear he hath too moyst and Phlegmatique a brain to understand the Philosopher Anima sicca anima sapiens sed est in udo Maenas Attin as saith Persius Again drink is simple and merely drink as water which is only our natural drink or as wine and ale are meat and drink so run our old English verses Ale was his meat his drink his cloth ale did the old man revive And if he could have drank his ale still he had been still alive So is wine meat as Galen de caus morb Vinum modice sumptum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he reckoneth wine for the best and the most nowrishing meat if it be moderately taken but properly drink which is water nourish little or very weakly and all weak nowrishment is cooling Hippocrates 6. Epidem 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 So that drink 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is water cooleth because t is of little and weak nourishment Therefore Aristotle in the fore-mentioned place of the problemes by moysture understands drink by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and primarily water secundarily other drinks which are cold and moyst for simply water 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is drink 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and drink simply is water This is especially the moysture which Aristotle speaks of to quency thirst because man is hot and thirsty therefore he naturally requires such drink to coole Thirdly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 moysture is twofold either aereal moysture or waterish moysture humidum aqueum est quod actu potestate frigidum a waterish moysture is actually and potentially cold and so saith Scaliger lib. 2. de Plautis Humidisatis aqueae natur a est frigida The very nature of waterish moysture is cold and so also Horatius Augenius disputes and such moysture is required in thirst for drink and moysture is all one for whereas Aristotle 3. sect problem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The loving of drink is a desire of some moysture there Plato makes mention of drink 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thirst is an appetite or desire of drink wherefore potus est 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 est potus drink is moysture and moysture is drink For seeing there is a perpetual flux of our bodyes the dryer solider part is refreshed with meat the moyster part with drink And this is the chief use of drink to make good that which is exhausted 1. San. tuend
satisfie our Author I will quote him andeniable authority out of the Sacred Scripture Proverb 25. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 As cold water is pleasant to a thirsty soule so is a good message from a far Countrey And if the Old Testament will not serve the turn we will produce the now for Joan 4. Our Blessed Saviour when he was thirsty what did he ask of the Samaritan nothing else but cold water to drink which admirable Nonnus express thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For this he did to coole as also Theophylact saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because it was the heat of the day and let not our Author be so absurd to think of cold meat to quench thirst The Apostle will otherwise teach and better manners Rom. 12. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 If your Enemy be hungry feed him if he be thirsty give him drink Lastly saith our Author if it be alledged that drought having heat joyned with it requireth cold in respect of his heat as dryness doth moysture and so cold joyned with moysture doth best remedy both because contraria contrariis curantur contraries are cured by their contraries Yet it seemeth to me a matter far unfit for two causes The one although that be Galen's ground yet it is not so to be taken literally but it stands with that ground likewise which is that Omne repentinum natura inimicissimum All sudden alteraâ—ions are contrary to nature T is â—rue that thirst having heat requires drink that is cooling and is grounded upon this maxim Contraries are tured by contraries which is not only Galen's ground but Hippocrates also and all rational men and may appear to common sense But let us go to the great tribunal of Physick whose edict is this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 6. Epidem And again 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Again 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And yet again 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Every one of these texts prove that contraries are cured by contraries and three of them prove that cold water cureth not natures and hot dispositions neither is there any rule or canon that can possibly contradict them yet our Author like a true critick of this later age of new lights averreth that Galen's ground is not to be understood literally It seems when any authority cross our Author then this not to be understood literally sure enough all authorities are to be understood literally or mystically The mystical sense is either allegorical or anagogical ormoral And if Galen be not understood literally then he must be understood mystically But how ridiculous t is to run to a mystical sense in Physitians and Philosophers who are as clear as the Sun beames to the Learned let any man that hath but a dragme of reason judg such is that text 2. de anima 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thirst is a desire of cold and moyst I say this text is clear to the light of reason and yet our Author will not have it understood literally but mystically But it may be he may find some apocalyptical mysteries in Philosophy and Physick which a world of Learned men never so much as dreamt on before And for this rule contraries cure contraries may very well stand with that ground sudden mutations or changes are contrary to nature Hippocrates 2. Aphoris 51. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and too much and suddenly to evacuate to fill to heat to coole and is dangerous This Authority is as much against warm drink as cold But indeed touch neither of them in a direct line we see Beasts drink water with ice in it and so have men done Sâ—nâ—ca Necnive quidem contenti sunt sed glaciem velut certior illi ex solido rigor sit exquirunt ac saepe repetitis aquis diluunt Neither are they content with snow but they find out ice and dissolve it often in renewed water to coole the more But est modus in rebus there is a mean in all things The second reason is because saith our Author t is not possible that every man woman child who being hot and desire drink can upon every motion so proportion the cold that it shall just fit the degree of heat And then if it be too small by its anteperistasis it hurts where it should help if greater then the heat require instead of allaying the heat it utterly killeth it What an admirable ridiculous objection is this and nothing to the purpose to imagine that every man woman and child should give a due proportion of cold and who can give a due of warm drink Neither is it requisite for every one to apply contrariis contraria aequalia but he may apply contraries either greater or less or aequal as Vallesius witness in his controversies But saith our Author if it be too small by his antiperistasis it hurteth where it should help To see how men are bewitched to error and as I may say bedevild in their ratiocination when they forsake antiquity and follow their own own interpretation for then errour begets errour to the end of the Chapter for if he had read Theophrastus he would have told me another tale for he saith quite contrary 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Of potable waters cold is the best for it helpeth concoction best of all by an antiperistasis And if the cold saith our Author be greater then the heat requires instead of allaying the heat it utterly killeth it Here is no consequence for we may take drink very cold in summer in hot Countries and where custom is predominant without any hurt besides we need not take our drink too cold nor very little cold for there is degree between these two colds Again I may confess his consequence true That it should quench the heat that is kill it and so Hippocrates punctually speaks 6. Epidem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cold killeth those things which are of heat for nothing is more contrary to fire then water because fire is hot and dry water is cold and moyst The very same reason is of thirst which is hot and dry and is quenched or killed by water which is cold and moyst These are our Authors foundations upon which he hath builded his new fabrick which being taken away all falls to the ground In ruinam prona sunt quae sine fundamentis crevere Seneca Now let us come to his authorities which are in his last Chapter for I handle only but two Chapters The first wherein he layes the foundation and the last where are his authorities Authorities out of the ancients for to prove the use of warm drink OUr Author in his last Chapter proves that the Gretians and the Romanes did use warm drink And first among the Grecians Phylostinus that excellent Physitian wrote unto his Countrey-men and Counselled them in the spring and all Winter to drink their liquor calidissimum most hot and in Summer time sukewarm so that at all times he shews that cold drink was not to be used 1. I answere that I