affect chap. 7. That he hath often cured a melancholly in the beginning with only Baths of sweet Waters The Hemorrhoids or Piles coming upon melancholly men somtimes bring cure if the humors be cast down thither critically by Nature For somtimes they come symptomatically and multiply the matter of the Disease in many parts Somtimes it is cured by flux of the Hemorrhoids by Scabs Itch or other diseases breaking forth of the Skin As to the Cure of it from whencesoever the Disease took its original we must observe alwaies two things First That the whol Body be freed from a melanchollick humor and the filth of other humors for it seldom happens that one part alone is troubled with it Secondly That the main Cure be directed to the Hypochondria because that in the spleen and liver there is the first generation of Melancholly and the gathering of it is in the parts thereabout therefore the Cure of Hypochondriack Melancholly set down by us will serve for the Cure of other diseases of Melancholly for you can scarce cure the Hypochondria from the abundance of any humor and the generation of any new but by consequence the whol body must be cured of the same Therefore for all diseases of Melancholly those Remedies will suffice which are propounded in the Cure of Hypochondriack Melancholly CHAP. XV. Of a Catarrh or Defluxion A Catarrh is a preternatural Defluxion of an Excrementitious humor from the head into the inferior parts It is therefore a Symptome of the third kind namely a fault in the Excrements The substance of the Brain being large needs much nourishment of whence comes necessarily abundance of Excrements especially by reason of the cold and moist distemper of the part which excrements if they have only their moderate and natural quantity are received into the fore Ventricles of the Brain and are sent by the Choana as by a funnel to the moist Glandels and so are spit forth every day from the pallat but if they grow more plentiful and yet consist in their Natural condition they are dispersed about the Brain and the Meninges and so are sent forth not only by the pallat but also by the nostrils But when the Brain is affected with distemper and weakness or is constrained to receive too much and disproportionable nourishment which it cannot sufficiently concoct there is a great encrease of excrements Ad further as Hippocrates saith that the Brain like Cupping-glasses applied to the Body never cease to attract humors and vapors from the inferior parts hence the excrements are encreased which by their quantity and quality provoking the expulsive and overcoming the retentive faculty run immoderately by unusual and improper waies which they find out to the great disturbance of the Body Since then a fluxion is the motion of matter from one part to another we must consider in that as in all motions five things The Terminus or place from whence the place to which it moves the Mover the Moved and the waies by which it is moved The place from whence is the Brain the place to which is some part beneath the 〈◊〉 the â—â—lover is the expulsive faculty stirred up or the retentive weakned the thing 〈◊〉 is an excrementitious humor the way by which is the Pallat Nostrils Eyes Ears and in eâ—â—ble â—assages as also the Veins Arteries and Nerves In the place from which or the part which sendeth forth we may observe two kinds of Causes One is that which begetteth much moiâ—â—ure in the Body the other is that which make the humors flow That is called the generating this the expelling Cause The generating Causes 〈◊〉 the hindering of Concoction which comes either from the fault in the nourishment or in the faculty The Concoction of the Brain is hindered chiefly from distemper either cold or hot A cold distemper causeth that the Nourishment brought to the brain is ill concocted and turned into flegm as also that the vapors brought from the inferior parts are not sufficiently discussed but are turned and condensed into Water But a hot distemper doth attract more plentiful nourishment and vapors so that Nature cannot sufficiently discuss them The Concoction of the brain is hindred through the Nourishment either when there is too much or when it hath evil qualities so cold gross and slimy meats and drinks immoderately taken cannot be perfectly concocted and make the Brain crude and moist So sharp and windy nourishment send many vapors to the head To these you may ad external Causes which use to fill the head with superfluous humidity as Southernly Air long sleep especially at noon an idle life and the like Although the Brain be called the chief sending part yet it is not alwaies the chief cause of defluxion but for the most part the matter is sent from other parts to the Brain for after evil humors are collected either in the Veins or any peculiar part as the Liver Spleen Mesentery Womb not only many Vapors are sent from them to the head but also the humors themselves are carried to the head and descend again to the inferior parts and the fault lieth most in the inferior parts in the breeding of a defluxion whose distemper is divers and the Obstruction also divers For a hot distemper of the Bowels makes abundance of vapors from which comes defluxions as in a Stil or Alembick But a cold distemper by weak concoction begets crude humors which upon the least occasion â—ly to the brain But the Obstructions of the parts of the lower belly hinder the voiding of Excrements whence it comes that they being encreased by degrees when they cannot find their free and ordinary course fly up to the brain And to this doth also concur the weakness of thâ— brain fit to receive these Excrements for as we said the stronger parts to disburden themselves upon the weaker and it often happens that the brain by reason of its soft and loose substance is weakest and can less resist than solid and compact substances The impulsive causes are too much heat of the brain or coolness or some concoction of humors Too much heat doth extenuate and diffuse the humors contained in the brain and opens the pores by which they use to flow such is the heat of the head with the Sun or fire or too much covering smelling of hot Spices and other passions Coldness doth compress the brain and strains forth the humors therein contained as a Spunge is squeezed in the hand Such change is often in Winter and especially in sudden alteration of Air as when a Southern wind hot and moist is turned into a North wind cold and dry or when one going out of a hot place comes speedily into a cold To these Causes you may ad coldness of the feet which by sympathy is communicated to the Brain Many there are who deny the aforesaid compression of the brain by cold because cold doth incrassat and condense the humors and makes them less apt to flow
in them Carabe Amber Cronical Diseases such as usually last very long as Quartan Agues Stone Dropsies c. Crystal of Tartar Cream of Tartar Consistence Body or Substance Catheter an hollow Silver Instrument to thrust into the Bladder when the Urine is stopt by a stone to thrust back the stone and let out the Urine Complication of Diseases when divers Diseases are in the Body at the same time especially if they depend one upon another Coalition healing up growing together of a Wound or Ulcer or any Part that ought to be open as of the Privity in some Girls Coincide is to happen together at one and the same time Cachectical Persons are such as have their whol Bodies blown up with a soft and moist swelling with the color of the Face white or lead-colored Also their Legs especially swell and their Face is bloated Coindicants are divers things in a Disease or Patient which plead for one and the same Remedies So in a putrid Feaver the person being full bodied and the season warm also the person lusty and yong The Feaver the fulness of Blood in the Patient his Age and strength and Season of the Year are Coindicants that he must be let Blood Contra-indicants are divers considerations that disswade a Remedy As when in a putrid Feaver old Age Winter Season Weakness are Contra-indicants that disswade from Blood-letting which the Feaver simply considered doth indicate or perswade and hint out Coction of Humors is their being separated from the Mass of good Blood and fitted for expulsion As when thin Humors are moderately thickened and tough clammy Humors are cut and divided This Coction of Humors is known by the Urine when it hath a light even and smooth setling c. Causa sine qua non The Cause without which a thing cannot be though it be not the principal Cause thereof So a Taylors Shop-boord is a Cause sine qua non without which a Garment cannot be made though himself and the stuff the shape and the end be principal Causes Commemorative bringing to remembrance what is past Cicatrize is to bring unâ—o a Scar which is done when Wounds and Ulcers are healed up Contumacy stubbornness rebellion D DIureticks Provokers of Urine Diagnosis the knowledg of a Disease Distillation a flowing down of thin Humors from the Brain into several parts Decoction the Liquor where in things are boyled the Broth of Herbs and other Medicaments Diagnosticks the Signs to know what Disease a Patient hath Defluxion the same with Distillation also a running together of Humors into any part causing pain or swelling c. Delirium Dotage raving talking idlely in time of sickness especially Diarrhoea a simple Loosness without Inflamation of the Guts any extream pain or voiding of Blood Diaphoenicon see the London Dispensatory in English Diacatholicon Diacarthamum see the Dispensatory Diet this signifies in many places a Diet drink Diminished Lessened Diminution a lessening Discuss dispel invisibly as a Plaister that makes a swelling go away without breaking is said to discuss the same because the Matter of the swelling is not seen to come away but is turned into steems and vapors and partly drinks up the substance of the Plaister and so vanisheth invisibly Declination of a Disease is the breaking of the Disease when it begins to tend to health which is known by the Symptomes growing more gentle Diverting Medicines which turn aside the Humor causing the disease so that it flow not into the part offended Dislocation putting out of its place Derived turned away from Diffuse spread abroad Dâ—ssipated scattered abroad Demonstrated cleerly proved from undeniable Arguments Depravations marrings spoilings hurtings Depressed made flat or hollow dented in Distemper any excess of the four first qualities Heat Cold Moisture Dryness There are reckoned four simple or single distempers viz. a Hot a Cold a Moist a Dry and four compound viz. Hot and Moist Hot and Dry Cold and Moist Cold and Dry. Dilated widened Dilatation widening Debility weakness Distortion writhing wresting crooking Dissipating â—pread abroad driving away Derivations drawing an offensive Humor from the part diseased to some other part neer it Digestives Medicines which prepare evil Humors for to be driven out by Nature Dissolved melted consumed away It is used of swellings that are brought down by Oyntments or Plaisters and in other cases when the Humor causing the Disease is invisibly driven away The Drum mentioned in page 96. is a pretty little hollow bone in the Ear covered with a thin Skin like a Drum which being beaten upon by another little bone like a mallet doth cause sounds to be heard in the Ear. See Veslingus his Anatomy in English Diapedesis is an issuing of the blood through the Pores of the Veins The Day of Judgment or Critical day is that day in feavers especially wherein it appears on which side sentence is given whether on the â—lantifs viz. the Diseases or on Natures the Defendant so that by some Evacuation or swelling or other great mutation to the better or worse it appears whether the Patient is like to recover or not Distention stretching Depraved marred spoiled Dilatation widening opening Diaphragma the Midrif Dyspnaea shortness of breath Dysentery a Bloody-flux Diagrydiates Medicines that have Scammony or Diagry dium in them Dissolution of Natural Heat a decay of Natural Heat Diaphoretick Sweats which are caused by Nature oppressed with a malignant Humor and forcibly driving the same out by Sweat Dung-gate the Arse-hole Distillations by descent are when the Liquor which comes from the Materials stilled doth not rise up above the said Materials as in ordinary distillation but falls down under the Materials stilled which are therefore laid upon a Grace that the bottom of the Vessel may be empty and free to receive the distilled Liquor E EXcrement the Dregs of Digestion in the Body voided by Dung Urine and Sweat Evacuation an emptying or voiding forth purging Epispastick a Plaister to draw a Blister called also a Vesicatory or any strong drawing Plaister Errhines Medicinal Liquors to be snuft up thâ— Nostrils to purge the Brain Empyema Empyems a corrupt matter between the breast and the lungs following a Pleurisâ—e Erysipelas Oedematosum a tertian swelling arising from choller and flegm Eliphantiasis a leprous disease which makes the Patients skin like the Hide of an Elephant Electuary See the London Dispensatory Expulsion driving forth as of Excrements Dung Urine Sweat c. Expel to drive forth Eruption breaking forth Extinguished quenched put out Emunctuaries or Emunctoryes certain waies and passages that Nature finds to drive ill Humors into from the Principal Parts as certain Kernels behind the Ears and in the Groins under the Arm-pits c. where risings happened in time of Pestilence c. Essentially springing P. 11. that is primarily and principally not accidentally or occasionally Ebullition boiling and working of the blood in the Veins like New-wine in a Cask Extension stretching out Extenuation Leanness Consumption of flesh
water-like and little in the beginning of the fit after which somtimes followeth a total stoppage if both Ureters are stopped but when the fit is past and the stone that was fixed in the Ureters is fallen into the bladder there comes forth much thick troubled Urine with a sandy Sediment The Fourth Sign is often voiding of sand and stones Concerning voiding of a stone it is evident That if the Patient voided any formerly though never so smal when he had a fit it is most certain that the Disease is the Stone But concerning Sand we cannot speak so infallible for we may see many all their lives time void Gravel and never be troubled with the stone for sand comes often from adustion of Humors in the Liver and Veins and it sticks to the sides of the Urinal and goes not to the bottom as that which comes from the Reins Besides if you rub it between your fingers it dissolveth and is like Salt when the other will not yeeld to the fingers and will not dissolve And finally because this Sand is salt it is dissolved in hot Urine nor will it appear while the Urine is so but when it is cold it grows together to the sides of the Urinal not unlike the Crystal of Tartar which being dissolved in warm water when it grows cold congealeth and sticks to the sides of the Glass so the Nature of them both is very like The Fifth Sign is a stone voided and this is most certain For if any former Sign though equivocal do appear and a stone be voided you may be certain of the Disease The Sixth Sign is a numbness of the Thigh on the same side that the Back is pained of for the stone being great doth oppress the Nerve which is in erted into the Muscles of the Loyns under the Reins called by the Anatomists Psenas and those Muscles go to the Hip for its motion such a numbness is percâ—ived by sitting upon the Thigh through the compression or in the Arm by long leaning thereon The Seventh Sign is the drawing in of one stone on that side where the pain is For the Kidneys and Ureters being provoked with the greatness of the pain do vehemently contract themselves and then the Spermatical Vessels and all the parts adjacent are also contracted and these Vessels do raise up the stone which is joyned to them so that it seems somtimes to be fixed to the Groyn And this retraction or drawing in of parts reacheth to the bladder and Guts For in great pain the belly is bound and Urine stopped so that then Purges will not work by reason they are hindered by that Contraction The Eighth Sign is loathing and vomiting by the connexion of the Kidneys with the Stomach by the Membrane that comes from the Peritonaeum and by the Nerve of the sixth Conjugation two branches whereof reach from the Stomach to the inward Tunicle of the Kidneys Therefore when those sensible parts in the Kidneys are pulled the Stomach consenting is stirred up to exclude that which hurteth and first it sends out Flegm then yellow Choller after green if the evil continue because through long pain and watching the blood is altered in the Veins and that part which is most disposed for it is turned into green Choller Finally The Nephritical pain is so like the Chollick that Galen himself was deceived in the distinguishing of them as we shewed in the Diagnosis or Knowldg of the Chollick where also we laid down signs by which we may distinguish them which we shall not need to repeat The Signs afore mentioned are equivocal and one of them can scarce give a certain knowledg Some Authors mention others which are more equivocal and uncertain but joyned with others they help the knowledg of the Disease therefore it will not be amiss to mention them Hipp. Aph. 34. Sect. 7. saith They who have bubbles in their Vrine have an old Disease in the Reins For these bubbles come from thick Humors full of gross vapors which are either bred in the Reins or sent from other parts to them that matter is proper to breed the stone and cannot be presently cured therefore the Disease is long Galen in his Comment upon this Aporism saith that the mouthes of the Arteries which come to the Reins are opened by the sharpness of the Urine and thence comes a Spirit which being mixed with the Urine maketh bubbles But it is not probable that such a gross Spirit that will remain so long should come from the Arteries and Urine being cold may long time so continue as we see many bubbles many hours swimming thereupon And also when the Arteries are opened by the sharpness of the Urine blood will also come forth And the mouthes of the Veins having thin Skins would be more easily opened and so there would be also blood mixed with the bubbles Hippocrates also Aph. 76. Sect. 4. saith They who void little bits of flesh and things like hairs with a thick Vrine do it from the Reins The bits of flesh come from the Ulcer of the Reins of which we shall speak hereafter but these thrids or hairs are said by Galen in his Commentaries to come from thick and crude flegm made long and round by the extraordinary heat of the Reins Yet Galen confesseth 6. loc aff cap. 3. that after a long search he was ignorant of the cause of their length Avicen saith that these thrids grow long in the vessels of the Reins or others for in regard these are taken away by Diureticks and the Patients acknowledg pain in the Reins it is credible that they receive their form from thence Actuarius doth directly say they come from the Ureters For when the Reins abound with flegm it goes with the Urine into the Ureters and sticking to them and growing thick by heat it gets a long shape like a thrid or hair But Fernelius writes that those hairs come from the Parastatis or kernels from his Observation in which they grow long like hairs from the matter of the seed which by force of the Disease flowing down by degrees grows thick by heat and that they appear much in those who have lately had a filthy Gonorrhoea and in those women who have the Whites or a foul Womb and in that Urine which they make next after they have known a man Others suppose that those thick Humors of which those filaments or hairs are made are first bred in the Veins but take their form in the narrow passages of the Reins through which as through a sieve they turn smal and after they descend into the Ureters in which they grow dryer till they are sent into the bladder neither can they be broken by reason of their toughness Whatsoever the cause is since the best Authors do agree that these hairs breed of thick flegm in the Kidneys or come to them from other parts it is certain that they may turn into a stone if there be an efficient cause fit
of Assafoetida in a thin rag of cloth I have known some that have worn a Foxes Pizzle and Stones dried tied about their Neck in a string and resting upon their Navel and by that means preserved themselves from the womb-fits Some wear a piece of Wolfs flesh dried or of the Liver of a Wolf not without profit As for external Remedies after every Purge or at least once in a month eight or ten daies before the monthly Purgations of blood Fomentations or Baths to sit in will be good that the Humor causing this Disease being resolved may more easily find its way by the opened Passages of the Courses and flow out with them They may be made of the Roots of Marsh-mallows Briony Roots Orris Roots Madder Valerian Angelica Mugwort Leaves Nep Feverfew Bawm Bayberries and such like To discuss the remainders of the Matter causing the Disease and to strengthen the Womb after Fomentation or fitting in a Bath as aforesaid the following Plaister may be said on under the Navel Take Gum Tacamahacca and Caranna of each two drams Alipta Moschata half an ounce Agnus Castus seeds one dram and an half of each of the Sanders half a dram Turpentine Labdanum Wax of each as much as shall suffice to make a Plaister If this Disease arise from the Seed retained use those Remedies which we have formerly set down to quench and discuss Seed in our Cure of Womb-Fury Chap. 7. Of Inflamation of the Womb. INflamation of the Womb is a Tumor or swelling of that Part springing from blood that is shed into the substance thereof And the said Inflamation possesses either the whol Womb or some part thereof and it is produced either by pure blood and is called meerly Phlegmont an Inflamation or it comes from blood mingled with Choller and it is called Phlegmone erysipelatodes a chollerick Inflamation of kin to the Rose or St. Anthonies fire or it hath its original from blood mingled with flegm and is called Phlegmone oedematodes a flegmatick Inflamation or it comes from blood mingled with Melancholly and is called Phlegmone Scirrhodes which is a Melanchollick Inflamation or Swelling The Causes which produce or encrease this Disease may be divers viz. A Sanguine Constitution over loaded with blood or infected with choller a natural loosness of the womb w th wideness of the passages air extream hot inflaming the humors or very cold compacting knitting them together and so stopping the monthly Courses flowing or ready to flow vehement Exercise immoderate carnal Conjunctions a blow or fall lighting upon the Wombs Quarters Perturbations of Mind more violent than ordinary especially wrath acrimonious or sharp vehement meats of a hot nature and whatever else is taken in of a fretting and vehement operation as Authors report of Cantharides That they are very hurtful as well to the womb as the bladder sharp Pessaries long time used or purging Medicines or strong alteratives such as barren women are wont to take and rend from all quarters Retention of the Courses encreasing the over fulness of blood or over great flux of Courses relaxing the Passages and bringing the Humors from all the parts of the Body to the Womb likewise Cupping-glasâ—es fastened about the privy parts may violently draw the blood and humors unto the Region of the Womb and there detain them Laborsom Child-birth may cause as much Abortion a violent handling of the parts of Generation by an unskilful Midwise and a troublesom inconvenienâ— bearing of a Child in the Womb. The Signs to know the Disease by are Swelling Heat and Pain in the Region of the Womb with a continual Feaver But because the strait Gut that is that which is united to the Dung-gate and the Bladder do lodg in the same quarters with the Womb therfore must we distinguish this Disease by other signs such are Suppression or diminution of the Courses and their paleness or yellowish citrine color with pain in their coming forth and in the absence of the Courses certain stinking and rotten stuff sweats through the Vessels of the Womb and bedews the VVater-Gate Whereinto if search be made it will plainly discover the Disease for the inner mouth of the womb will be sound to swell to be drawn inwards and subject to pain if touched the neck of the womb will appear red and inflamed the Veins dispersed there-through strutting with blood If the whol Womb be inflamed all Symptomes will be more vehement If the Inflamation be rather in the neck of the womb the heat and pain is spread most towards the Groyns and the Water-Gate If the former side of the womb do suffer the Bladders fellow-seeing wil be the greater If the hinder side of the Womb be inflamed the strait Gut will be more compassionate and the pain wil stretch itself towards the Loyns If the right or left side of the womb be inflamed the heat and pain wil appear most about the one Groyn and the Thigh of the same side wil be heavy and as it were in a sort burdened The Signs of the Causes are these If the Inflamation spring from pure blood al the Symptomes are milder but if there be Choller mingled therewith the Feaver is more burning and al the Symptomes are more vehement but if the blood be Flegmatick or Melanchollick the Feaver wil be less acute but the Disease more lasting and more stubborn And here we are to consider such Signs as may inform us what Humor is most predominant in the whol Body If the Inflamation turn to an Imposthume and gather Matter the pain and Feaver are encreased and shaking sits come without any certain course yet commonly they take their turn about Evening And al the other Symptomes are heightened When Suppression is accomplished al the Symptomes are mitigated and Swelling rises higher whereby somtimes the Excrement of the Guts or Urine is stopped But if the Inflamation be discussed without Suppuration the Swelling lessens and the Symptomes becomes gentler If it turn to a Scirrhus that is hard swelling the Feaver Pain and other Symptomes are diminished the Swelling abides becomes harder likewise the weight and heaviness remain both in the womb and the adjacent parts so that the Patient can hardly stir her self A good Prognostick cannot be made of this Disease because it is very dangerous and for the most part deadly But more or less danger is threatened according to the greatness of the Disease its Causes and Symptomes as thus If the Inflamation possess the whol Womb it s a desperate Disease but if only a part be inflamed there is some hope of help If a VVoman with Child have a Chollerick swelling in her womb its deadly Hipp. Aphor. 43. Sect. 5. For the Child dies by reason of the greatness of the Inflamation whereupon follows Abortion which coming upon the back of a grievous disease kils the Mother Galen in his Comments upon this Aphorism doubts if this be not true of every Inflamation of the womb as well as
the Patient not be able to endure the sudden sence of contrary qualities So that our Practitioners do more advisedly and more compendiously whiles they conveigh the Patients into a bath of Water moderately hot in the morning after a stool procured by Nature or by Art and two or three hours after they have eaten some broth or milk or the Yolks of Eggs wherein they abide solong till it grow luke-warm of it self and at last cold For seeing Galen conceives the use of a cold hath after an hot to be so necessary that without it the hot bath doth no good the use of a cold bath is supplied if the Patients stay so long in the bath til of it self it grow luke-warm and cold But this Caution is to be observed That whereas a three-sold quality may be had in the same bath the Patient must abide in the hot a little while in the luke-warm longer in the cold least of al. And although the Ancients were wont to make their baths of simple Water yet is it good to make them more moistening by boyling therein Emollient and moistening Herbs as Mallows Marth-mal-lows Violet Leaves c. or with barley and beaten Almonds especially in the Summer because a bath of Decoction of Herbs is sooner corrupted After bathing the sick is softly to be wiped with hot Cloaths then to be anointed with Oyl of Violets sweet Almonds with fresh Butter and after some time of rest let the Patient eat some broth or other food A bath of Water and Oyl is exceedingly cried up by Zacutus Lusitanus in the 35. Observation of his third Book of wonderful Cures where with he saies a yong woman was cured when a bath of simple Water and Goats Milk could not help The reason of which great good he renders to be this Because bath made of fresh Water with store of Oyl in it doth soften the distended stiff parts doth moisten the dry and withered and by opening the pores obstructed and through dryness contracted it draws the Nourishment to the outmost and most distant parts of the body When the Patient cannot use baths apply an Epithem to the Heart and Liver in this manner compounded Take Waters of Roses Water-lillies and Purslain of each three ounces Juyce of Pome-Granates an ounce Pouder of Diamargaritum frigidum two drams Bones out of the Stags Heart one scruple Camphire four grains Make an Epithem for the Heart Take Waters of Endive Lettice Cichory of each three ounces Vinegar of Roses one ounce the three Sanders of each two scruples Burnt Ivory one scruple Make an Epithem to be applied to the Liver Also the Region of the Liver may be anointed with Oyntment of Roses or Ceratum Santalinum But Oyls and Unguents must be sparingly used because they may somtimes encrease the Feaver Among the Symptomes which are wont to come upon this Disease the chief is a Loosness which is wont to bring the Patients to their death This is to be bridled with a Decoction of French-barley toasted for their ordinary drink Syrup of Quinces dried Roses Chalybeate Milk Rice boyled in Milk and such like SECT II. Of Putrid Feavers The PREFACE PVtrid Feavers are divided into Continual or intermitting The continual Putrid Feavers are generated when a putrid Vapor or a preternatural Heat which ariseth from putrefied Humors doth perpetually afflict the Heart and stirs up therein a continual Heat from whence likewise is perpetually diffused a Feaverish Heat into the whol body But the intermitting Feavers are caused when the said Vapors are carried unto the Heart only at certain distances of time Continual Feavers are again divided into Essential and Primary or Symptomatical Those are called Essential and Primary which spring from a putrefaction inflamed in the common Veins and not in any particular part of the Body Those are Symptomatical that arise from the putrefaction or suppuration of som particular part inflamed out of which part by communion of the Vessels a putrid vapor may continually be carried unto the Heart Such feavers are seen in the Pleurisie Inflamation of the Lungs Inflamation of the Liver and in the Inflamation of other Internal Parts Again the Primary continual Feavers are two-fold for some are without any Exacerbation or Fits and remission but continue alike from the beginning to the end and are called Sunochi or Continentes But others have manifest Exacerbations or fits and remissions and are called Sunecheis or Continuae by the name of the kind And these again from the difference of their Exacerbations or fits and remissions are divided into three sorts For some are called continual Tertians which have their Exacerbations or fits every third day others continual Quotidians that are exasperated every day others continual Quartans that are exasperated every fourth day The intermitting Feavers or Agues are likewise divided into Tertians Quotidians and Quartans according as their Fits are wont to return every third every fourth or every day There are other Differences of Feavers likewise which are either Accidental or arise from the Composition of those aforesaid all which we shall Particularly and briefly Explain Chap. 1. Of Continual Putrid Feavers ALthough there are divers sorts of a continual putrid Feaver yet have I determined to describe the Cure of them all together because in a manner the same Remedies are suitable to all of which some differ only in more or less and are accordingly to be varied which depends more upon the Judgment of a Physitian and his Dexterity attained by Practice than upon particular Precepts Yet shall I as neer as I can observe what is peculiar to every sort of Feaver in its peculiar place Feavers Putrid Continual and Primary or Essential are wont to be bred of the putrefaction of Humors which are contained in the Veins and greater Arteries And according to the various Nature of putrefying Humors several Species do arise Synochus Putrida is distinguished with no fits or exacerbations but its whol time is taken up as it were with one fit which reaches from the beginning to the end of the Disease and of this as of a simple Feaver there are made three differences The first whereof is that which continues all alike during from the beginning to the end The second is that which encreases by degrees The third is that which decreases by little and liâ—tle The first is named Acmastica or Homotonos and it happens when the whol course of the Disease the manner of putrefaction is one and the same The second is called Epacmastica when more putrefies than is dissipated The third is called Paracmastica when less putrefies than is dissipated Yet allthough these kind of Feavers do perpetually increase or decrease or keep the same Tenor yet doth not this hinder but that they have four times if they terminate in health but some have them longer others shorter if they be considered according to the vehemency of the Symptomes So that which is called Homotonos hath a very breif beginning and
little but the malignant quality intense and then the Feaver in regard of putrefaction shews no such bad symptoms seems remiss yet the strength of the patient is more than ordinarily weakned For somtimes the putrefaction is so remiss that it is in a manner none at all but the malignant quality in a very high degree and then we have a Feaver which seems neither to the Patient nor by standers any thing troublesom but it seems at first sight mild as mild can be when as indeed and intruth it is very mortall for when the malignant qualitie is increased the patients strength is dejected and the Heart wholly overwhelmed and this kind of Feaver doth not only deceive the Patients and by-standers but somtimes the Physitians themselves are thereby cheated whiles there being no sign present either by crudity or pravity of Humors the Pulse being in a manner in it's natural state and the heat of the Body at first appearance seeming mild and gentle it leads unto destruction Som such thing is likewise wont to happen in the first difference viz. When it is joyned with the highest degree of malignity for putrefaction being by convenient medicaments subdued and the signes of recovery appearing death notwithstanding somtimes ensues by reason the malignant quality did remaine uncorrected And finally the differences of a Pestilent Feaver are taken from its adjuncts and they are very many and most evident for there is no evil symptom nor kind of deadly disease which is not somtimes joyned with this Feaver The symptomes are Head-ach Watchings Raveings Dead sleepes Thirst Stomach-Sickness and Vomiting want of Appetite Swooning Fainting Hiccoughing Unquietness Loosness Sweats and such like which are common also to other kind of Feavers But there is one Symptom proper and peculiar to a pestilential Feaver which doth not happen in other Feavers viz. Purple Specks or Spots on the whol Body but especially in the Loyns the breast and back like unto Flea-bitings for the most part which the Italian Physitians name Peticulae or Petechiae and these Feavers which have these Symptoms are commonly named Purpuratae or Petechialis Purple or Spotted Feavers For these Purple Spots do not appear in all Pestilential Feavers but when they appear they are a most certain Sign of a pestilential Feaver Now we call them Purple Spots because they are for the most part of a Purple colour Yet they are many times of a violet colour Green blewish or black and then they are far worse and do signifie greater Malignity And although these Spots are for the most part like Flea-biâ—ings yet they appear somwhat greater So as to represent those black and blew marks which remain after whipping and then they are worse And somtimes they are very large and possess whol Members and a great part of the body viz. the Arms Thighs and back and then the parts appear tainted with redness which in few hours oftentimes vanisheth away and then returns again as it were by Fits whilst the Feaver undergoes it's Fits or Exacerbations wherein the blood boiling doth send forth it 's thinner Exhalations to the surface of the Skin by which the Skin is not swelled but only infected with a red Color Oftentimes notwithstanding by these Ebullitions the Skin is in divers parts puffed up with a certain redness and makes certain broad and soft tumors in the Skin which in a few hours vanish away and are commonly called Ebullitions of the blood In these and the aforesaid there is alwaies some Malignity but so light that it threatens no danger unless in the progress of the Disease it prove more intense Now the Spots aforesaid like to Flea-bitings do differ from those Pushes which are wont also somtimes to appear in these Feavers and are mentioned by Hippocrates in Epidemiis which have an Head and are a kind of Tumors which come somtimes to Suppuration or Exulceration But the Purple Spots have as was said no eminence or Head and were unknown to the Antients being described only by later Physitians of after Ages As to those Diseases which are joyned to a Pestilential Feaver we may affirm what hath been said of the Sym ptoms viz. that many deadly Diseases are joyned with these Feavers namely Phrensies Squâ— iâ—es Pleurisies Inflamations of the Lungs Inflamations of the Liver bloody Fluxes and very many more But the chief Diseases which shew themselves in a Pestilential Feaver are two viz. a Pestilent Bubo and a Carbuncle which declare the venemous quality to be in the highest degree and are not found but in the true Pestilence and are wont commonly to accompany the same So that the common People call them by the very name of the Pestilence The Causes of Pestilential Feavers are some Internal others External and the Internal are some Immediate others Mediate The Immediate Cause of this Disease as we hinted before is a corruption of the Humors joyned with putrefaction From the Corruption they acquire an evil and venemous Quality and from Putrefaction the Feaver is bred The Mediate Causes are a Plethory Cacochymie and Obstructions Now we understand such a Plethory or fulness of Blood not as distends the Vessels but such at least as the strength of the Patient cannot master which not being regulated by Nature doth easily undergo Corruption and Putrefaction Now a Cacochymie or abundance of evil Humors is easily corrupted and putrefied Finally Obstructions are apt to breed all kind of Feavers forasmuch as Humors being close shut up in an hot and moist place wanting free transpiration do casily putrefie The Internal Mediate Causes are by Authors commonly called Morbosus Apparatus a sickly Disposition of Body and the efficacy thereof is so great that it alone is somtimes sufficient to produce a gentle Pestilential Feaver such as is commonly called a Malignant Feaver simply or a Purple Feaver without the Intervention of any External or common Cause For we oft-times see when the year is not Pestilential and there is no Epidemical sickness abroad some persons through the evil Condition of their Humors fall into such Feavers which are accompanied with many Symptoms of Malignancy yea and with other Purple spots Concerning the point of Obstruction we must observe that it doth necessarily concur as the principal Cause in Malignant Feavers which proceed from Internal Causes and are not Epidemical but that Epidemical Feavers which proceed from a common Cause viz. A Pestilent constitution of the Air or are gotten by Contagion have not necessarily any Obstructions for their Cause For the venemous quality is received only by breathing in the corrupt Air or only by Infection from others by which venemous Quality the Humors of the Body declining from their own proper Nature do of their own accord putrefie For even as Fruits that will not keep and other things apâ— to corrupt though they have never so much freedom of the Air yet cannot be preserved from Corruption Even so the Humors when they have conceived that pernitious Quality
master them and because by them many obstructions are caused by which Transpiration is prohibited and at length putrefaction engendred And finaly passions of the Mind are wont vehemently to exagitate the body and to disturb the humors and so they much Dispose the body to receive infection and especially fear and Sadnes which Drawing the vital Spirits inward do as it were choak and smother them whereby the vigor of the Heart is so broken that it cannot sufficienly resist the venom and first assaults of pestilential Sicknesses yea verily and the Humors being stirred in the veines and vehemently disturbed are thrust out of their Natural constitution and do conceive a malignant putrefaction Insomuch that some have conceived that Pestilential Diseases are bred in Camps and at Sieges of Towns not so much through bad Diet and stink of dead Carcases as through Terror Fear Anxiety and dread of Death which do exagitate the Humors and put them into a tumultuary Combustion and Fluctuation The Signs of a pestilential Feaver do some of them foretel the disease when it is coming others declare it to be present and others witnes where it has bin All which must be set down because the first tend to Preservation the second to Cure and the third sort to be a Caveat to such as are not yet infected The Signs which foreshow a pestilential Feaver are taken from three things viz. From the the Disposition of the Body from the Presence of Causes and from some intermediate dispositions Those bodies are disposed to receive pestilential Infection which have collected evil Juyces through bad diet and by a preposterous use of the six non-natural things aforesaid Or such as being plethorick do gorge themselves and inordinately and unseasonably replenish themselves Furthermore some that are neither plethorick nor cacochymical do dispose their bodies to the reception of this disease while they torment their minds with most troublesome passions or give themselves immoderately to carnal embracements for from these two Causes the pestilential feaver is very ordinarily produced forasmuch as by them corruption is easily introduced even amâ—ngst good humors for Passions of the Mind do distract and draw away the spirits from their proper operations and overmuch Carnal embracement does weaken al the powers of the body but the Spirits being distracted and the vertues weakened the Humorrs change their Nature and grow corrupt Finally those whose principal Members are weak or some waies tainted either from the womb or by bad diet or any other external Cause which have an hot and moist temperature which have a very thin or very compacted habit of body are al disposed to pestilential Feavers for hot and moist bodies are subject to putrefaction thin bodies are liable to al 〈◊〉 compacted constitutions have no free transpiration The presence of such Causes as can breed a pestilential feaver do portend the same and consequently il seasons and unnatural temper of the year Dearth and Scarcity of Victuals Wars and other Causes reckoned up before when they appear they declare the Plague to â—â— approaching Those intermediate dispositions are when such a disposition oâ— body and the Causes aforesaid being present wee see a Man more â—ad than ordinary an unexplicable fear in him without good ground or cause the Colour of the face changed is not rightly disposed in point of die is disturbed with bad dreames infested with wearines which comes without labor thirst watchings stomachsickneâ— it is easily conjectured that man wil have the Pesttilence for al there thing do declare that the humors do attain another nature and do corrupt from whence comes a pestilential Feaver Such Signs as declare the Pestilence to be present are exactly to be propounded and therefore al the Heads of Signs must be run over out of which this Disease may be known which Heads of signs are taken from the three kinds of symptomes because the symptomes are the Effects of Diseases and Causes can no way so conveniently be known as by their effects And therefore some signes are taken from the Actions hurt some from Excrements voided and others from qualites changed Unto which Heads a fourth must be added taken from supervenient Infirmites To the right understanding of which these things following must be premised Frist we must know that the same signs in a manner doe shew a pestilental Feaver properly so called and a Feaver simply malignant and that the signes of the one and the other doe differ only according to more and leâ—s so that in the pestilential Feaver the symptoms are more and in the malignant Feaver less cruel yet there are some adjuncts more proper to the one than the other which we shall declare in their proper place Secondly we must note that there is no true proper and Pathognomonick sign of these Feavers viz. Such an one as wherever that signe is there is the pestilence and where that sign is not there is no pestilence no not the Bubo or swelling in the Groyn nor the Carbuncle seeing that many have them not though they have the plague and many have Buboes and Carbuncles that have no malignitie in them neither are those purple spots any such pathognomonick sign although a malignant Feaver is from them termed the spotted Feaver forasmuch as many have a malignant Feaver without any such spots those spots doe sometimes appear on women that want their courses and in some Children by reason of a light ebullition of â—lood without any Feaver which I have often seen in both Howbeit by a Concurrency and collection of all signes and tokens these Feavers may certainly be known Thirdly we must mark that al the signs which shall be propounded are not found in al sick persons of these Feavers but only a part of them which notwithstanding will be sufficient punctually to discover the kind of the disease For according to the variety of patients bodies the intention or remisnes of the disease now these kind of symptomes anon those do chiefly shew themselves Finally it must be known that the signs of a pestilential and malignant Feaver although they are also found in other Feavers yet are made in some sort pathognomonick in this Feaver in a two-fold respect First because in these Feavers they are so conditioned as in other Feavers they are not For the Head-ach Ilness at Stomach Vomiting the manner of the Heat and other signs when they accompanie pestilential Feavers they have a peculiar malignant condition whereby they differ from themselves when they accompanie other ordinarie Feavers which is wel known to them that are but indifferently exercised in the Practice of Physick Secondly because the symptomes do not observe the same proportion among themselves in these Feavers which they doe in ordinarie ones So that the heat being gentle to the touch the pulse not much changed doe shew a smal Feaver yet with them is joyned mighty Head-ach watchings and somtimes raveings and other symptoms which are wont to accompanie a
do strengthen the Liver And Traganth although it do incrassate and astringe yet is it therefore mingled with the rest that it may prohibit the over great ebullition of blood Lentils are by some Neotericks rejected because they are restrictive and may hinder the coming forth of the Pox. But the Autority of so many and such noble Princes of Physick must not rashly be rejected but we must rather determine that Lentils shaled are with great reason put into this composition viz. that by their astringent and incrassating faculty they may bridle the Fervency of the humors and hinder their falling upon any noble part to which purpose Gum traganth was added as I hinted before This is taken out of Galen who in the 1. De Aliment Facult Cap. 18. Doth teach us that Lentils twice boiled do Strengthen the Natural parts and by their astriction stop the flux of the belly The Lentils may therfore be put in or left out according to the Judgment of the Physitian who manages the Cure as there is more or less necessity of attenuating and driving the humors into the Skin For if the matter be subtile and the ebullition great the Lentils may profitably be put in for the Intent aforesaid But if the matter seem to be thick so that Nature can but slowly drive it into the Skin then must they be omitted and the Gum traganth and onely the other attenuating and diaphoretick things used for the drink By which it appears that we must not too strictly adhere to the formes of Medicaments propounded by Authors but that in several occasions they must be variously changed Let this following Receipt serve for an example compounded partly of the foresaid simples and partly of others that are diaphoretick and resist malignity which may much help such as have this disease in making the Pox to come wel out Take Rootes of Fennel and Sorrel of each one ounce Harts-horn shavings half an ounce Leaves of Scabious Scordium St. Johns-wort of each one Handful Three pair of fat Figgs Gum Lack three drams seeds of Navew or Turnep Carduus Benedictus of each two drams Lentils unhusked half an ounce Gum traganth one dram and an half Boil al to a pint and half Of the straining take three ounces Syrup of Lemmons one ounce Mix them make of them a Julep let the Patient drink thereof twice or thrice in a day If the Malignity be very great as commonly it happens in Epidemical smal Pocks we must chiefly use Antidotes and consequently al those remedies which we have propounded in malignant Feavers wil be good in this disease respect being had to the Age and strength of the Patiennt And among others Confection of Hyacinth Bezoar stone Pouder of Corall Pearles Harts-horn oyl of Scorpions of Matthiolus must be used frequently with other things the manner of whose use may be learnt out of the foregoing chapter Neither must such things be omitted as do restore the Patients strength both inward and outward which may be also learnt out of the foregoing Chapter and by the prudent Physitian administred in due season And it must be heedfully remembred that such medicaments as drive out the Pox are not to be used in al patients For somtimes they break forth so violently that they have need to be restrained for a while For the great ebullition and immoderate Fervor of blood if they be not tempered are wont to destroy the Patients and therfore it is good in such a Case to use bridlers and coolers For example a Julep many be thus composed Take Whol barly one pugil Cinquefoil rootes and Tormentil roots of each one ounce Leaves of Sorrel Endive and Wood-sorrel of each one handful Lentils excorticated half an ounce Gum traganth one dram Boil al to a pint In the straining dissolve four ounces of Syrup of Lemons or Pomegranates Make of al a Julep for four doses to be taken twice in a day Amatus Lusitanus in the 18. Cure of the third Centurie propounds an example of such kind of Pox arising from boiling humors and cured only by coolers and thickeners which example I thought good to cite in this place word for word that the young beginners may perceive in what cases the Cure is most to be yaried The Boy of Altarasius saies he began to have the smal Pox some of which did run together so that in two daies they flaid his Miserable Carcase for the pustles crept along and did only flay osf his Skin which I have likewise observed in other Children Against which I thus set my self to work First because this matter was too thin I endeavored to thicken the same and not only so but to abate the evil quality of the Liver and internal parts that no more such thin subtile Humor might be bred This I did with refrigerating Medicaments as Syrup of Roses of Cichory simple of Endive and Violets with waters of like Nature mixed with them He was nointed with Ceratum Santalinum But the Diet likwise helped much which was ordered cold and moist By al which the matter became thicker and the pox began to appear thick and large And for ordinary drink prescribe a decoction of barly and of Sorrel roots And these remedies must be continued until the Fervency of the humors shal begin to abate if Nature seem to want their assistance These things might suffice for a direct Cure of the smal Pox. But because they may bring great dammage to divers parts both internal and external we must endavour the Prevention and Cure thereof The internal parts may especially be preserved with a decoction of Lentils of Gum Lac and Traganth described before For Gum Lack defends the Liver and Spleen Lentils the Gutts and Traganth the breast But the Lungs are peculiarly preserved by Conserve of Roses and Violets and Syrup of Violets Jujubees Myrtils Dryed Roses Poppies and also these following LOHOCHS Se in my Dispensatory at the begining of the Lohochs what a Lohock is and why so called Take Conserve of Roses one ounce and half juyce of Lentiles thrice boiled six drams poppie seeds an half dram Gum traganth one scruple with Syrupe of dried Roses make all into a Lohoch Or this of Avicenna which is commended by Guainerius and Forestus Take Lentils unshaled and finely poudered three drams White Poppie seeds one ounce Conserve of Roses two ounces Julep of Roses as much as shal suffice Mix al into a Lohoch Or such a Lohoch as this following may be made only of Syrups Take Syrup of violets jujubees and dried Roses of each one ounce Syrup of Poppies half an ounce Mix them let the Patient lick thereof often out of a spoon and swallow it down leisurely But if a flux be at present into the Lungs and cause hoarsness and suffocation it must not only be stopped with the foresaid Remedies but revelled by Cupping-glasses both dry and Scarrfied and by bleeding if nothing else hinder Also give the Patients to drink a decoction of
a wet spunge Secondly A special care is to be had of Diet for as Hippocrates saith in his Book of Humane Nature Diseases are partly from Diet and partly from the Air wherein we breath Therefore let the Diet be of good Juyce easie concoction neither cold nor over nourishing Therefore Mutton Kid Veal are to be used and which are better young Pidgeons Chickens Capons Hens Partridges Black-birds Thrushes and all kind of Mountain Fowl and Yolks of new laid Egs roast Meats are better than boyled Take heed of hard flesh and of hard concoction as Beef Pork Venison Hares Geese Ducks and Sea Fowl as also of the Heads Entrals and Appurtinances of Beasts Eat Fish but seldom and make choyce of those which have solid Flesh coming out of swift Rivers and stony places boyl them in Wine adding Vinegar Butter and Spice which Sawce is to be allowed with other meat unless the Liver be over hot of which principally use Nutmeg Cloves Cinnamon never or seldom eat cold and moist Herbs as Lettice Purslain Spinage but in Summer time we can allow a moderate use of Herbs which are gently cooling and drying for the strengthening of the Body and fixing the Blood that it may not evaporate as Endive Succory Sorrel but they must be taken boyled not raw Roots of Parsly Carrots Parsnips Mints Hysop Water-cresses are very good But you must avoid all things that easily disturb the Head and fill it with vapors and they are of two sorts Either they are such as discuss and melt the Humors with their sharpness as Onions Garlick Mustard Rocker Rhadishes or such as fill the Head with gross vapors as Milk and all Milk meats All manner of Pulse as Beans Pease c. of which the red Pease are the least hurtful by reason of their opening and abstersive nature therefore the broth of them is allowed You must avoid all green raw Fruit which are not lasting especially and those which are very moist dryed Fruits may be used at second or last courses as Raisons Almonds Pine-nuts Dates and the like but you must use them sparingly for they are for the most part hard of concoction Pears boyled and Sugared Citron Rinds Candied Lemmon and Orange Pills Candied may be eaten at the last course but it is much better to take one spoonful of digestive Pouder after meat whose Aromatical sweet vapor ascending with the vapor of what is eaten doth strengthen and dry the Brain It is made of Coriander Fruit Annis seeds Cinnamon Nutmeg with a double quantity of Sugar of Roses Let your Bread be of the best Wheat wel baked and leavened and made with Salt and Annis seeds in a great distemper Bisket is best Let your drink be thin wine of smal strength which wil not fill the Head with many vapors wel mixed with Water and also it is profitable one hour before meat to mix wine and water that the vapors may be allayed and to boyl a little Coriander seed in the water that it may better strengthen both Stomach and Brain in stronger Diseases use Hydromel or Water and Honey This is a good Rule in all Diet To eat moderately and to let the Supper be less and lighter than the Dinner Sobriety as in all Diseases so especially in Head-Diseases is of great concernment for the Head by much food is filled with Humors and Vapors and contrarily by little and slender Diet it is emptied of them Thirdly You must use moderate Exercise and every day continue it for too much rest weakens the Natural heat and makes it so dull that it cannot well concoct and fills the Body full of Excrements On the other side Motion and Exercise stir up the Natural heat help Concoction expel Excrements and cheereth the Spirits and purifieth them but you must exercise before meat and after meat rest for an hour or two or at least move very easily Fourthly Use a mean in sleep and waking for as with moderate sleep the strength is repaired so with too long the Body is made cold burdened with excrements especially the Brain but too much watching makes the Body thin spends the Spirits and feeds upon the sound parts of the Body Let not therefore sleep be too long but according to custom commonly seven hours are allowed but more or less may be taken according as age and custom shall require if you offend in either extream it is better to offend in too much waking than in too much sleep You must not sleep straight after meat but two hours after at least having taken a gentle walk You must sleep with your head high and upon one side lying on the back is not allowed Fifthly Al the Excrements of the Body are to be evacuated in their season of the Brain especially therefore every morning hawk from the Pallat blow the Nose comb and rub the Head with a course cloth or spunge which will fetch the superfluities of the Brain through the sutures or seams of the Skull The Belly must be kept open and if it will not otherwise use a Suppository or a Clyster or some gentle Lenitive at the Mouth For the Excrements are not only taken away by so doing but also by degrees somthing is fetcht from the Brain or at least somthing is reteined and derived thereby from the Head which was or would have been sent thither as to the weakest part Lastly You must have special care of the Passions of the Mind from which our bodies are many times wonderfully altered and disturbed especially of Anger and Sorrow Sorrow diminisheth the Natural heat wounds the Spirits whence comes smal concoction and many Excrements Anger makes a great boyling of the Blood and motion of the Spirits by which the Humors are diffused and dissolved and then if there be any Excrements in the Brain presently they are sent to the weak and infirm parts from whence arise many dangerous Diseases The other two Means for Cure namely Chyrurgery and Physick may be used as followeth In almost all Diseases which come of the Humors we use to make a general Evacuation by Blood-letting and Purging Blood-letting is not agreeable with Flegmatick Diseases but if in other parts of the Body Blood do abound the Liver be inflamed and the age of the Patient be flourishing and consistent with it we may then let blood for so will the ascention of vapors into the head be hindred and superfluous Nourishment taken away that Nature afterwards may more easily concoct what is raw and waterish in the blood and then purging Medicines may be given more safe But if Plethora or two great repletion do not Constrain it is better before blood-letting to give a purge for Flegm by way of Potion Bolus Pills or Pouder The Forms whereof are as followeth Take of Senna half an ounce Annis seeds and Cloves of each half a dram Leaves of Mints and Bettony of each half a handful of the tops of Time half a pugil Boyl them to a quarter of a
of three fingers and when Galen understood that he fel from his Chariot upon his back he concluded that some part was hurt in the original of that nerve which comes from the seventh Vertebrae or Spondil therefore after he had in vain applied Medicines to the fingers he used means to the back and so wrought a brave Cure The Diagnosis or knowledg of the Causes of this Disease if fetcht from the primary Causes the Diseases afore going and the temperament and constitution of the sick party And therefore when external cold Causes and moist went before when the patient is old when he is flegmatick of Constitution the weather cold diet cold and moist and an Apoplexy hath formerly been it signifies that a disease is approaching from a Cold Distemper and Flegmatick Humor But when a Palsey is caused of a Chollerick Humor or Melancholly these signs declare Feavers did go before or are present a Chollerick temper and Constitution or else a Melancholly one the coming of the disease in hot weather Summer or Autumn the use of Spices Salt and other hot Meats heavy and long passions of Mind avoiding of chollerick or melanchollick humors sharp and sowr many sharp defluxions falling upon divers parts and putting them to pain and lastly when pain and a convulsion accompany the diminishing of Sence and Motion and the patient is the worse when he takes hot and dry things but the better by the use of cold and moist When Tumors Luxations or Dislocations or Wounds cause a Palsey they are evident of themselves As for the Prognostick part in the Treaty of this Disease you may foretel events as followeth 1 A Palsey coming of flegm fixed to the substance of the nerves is hardly cured because it wil not be easie to discuss or divide the Flegm from the nerves by reason of their coldness and their weakness in expulsion or sending forth of that which offendeth which must co-operate or work together with the Medicine and in regard of the deep scituation of the Spina and Nerves so as the whol force of the Medicine cannot reach them and because the Patient must of necessity continue long in the use of Medicines which for the most part people cannot endure and therefore wil not be cured 2 A Palsey coming after an Apoplexy is seldom cured and often returns into an Apoplexy by a new flowing of the same matter into the Brain which is made weak by the former disease 3 A trembling coming upon or after a Palsey is healthful for it signifieth that the passages of the nerves are somwhat open by which some of the Animal Spirit beginneth to pass for to move the Muscles 4 If the part affected hath an actual heat in it there is hope of health but if it be alwaies actually cold it is difficult to be cured 5 An Atrophy or want of Nourishment in the Paralytick part with great paleness takes away al hope of cure for it doth not only signifie a decay of the animal Spirit but a neer extinction of the shews natural heat 6 If the Eye on that side which the Palsey happeneth be hurt thereby there is little hope for it a great want of Spirits in that part 7 A Palsey in the Legs and Feet is easier cured than in the upper parts because those Nerves are harder and stronger 8 In old men the Palsey is incurable by reason of their want of natural heat 9 In Winter a Palsey cannot be cured but in the Spring and Summer it may if other things agree 10 A strong Feaver coming upon a Palsey is good for it may consume the matter which causeth it 11 A Diarrhoea or loosness coming upon a new and weak Palsey is good for Rhasis saith 1. Cont. that he hath seen many Paralyticks cured by a Diarrhoea The Cure of this Disease is to be altered according to the variety of the Causes And since for the most part it cometh of flegm and a cold distemper we must labor chiefly to take away that cause which we must begin to do by a general clensing and emptying of the whol Body As for bleeding it can scarce do any good because the fault is not in the Blood but Flegm and this disease comes for the most part to old men such as are flegmatick and cold by nature But if plenty of crude blood unconcocted seems to produce flegm and to feed it we may open a vein in his Arm on the sound side of his Body but take but little blood least his weak natural heat should be extinguished After we have omitted blood-letting or taken a very little away we must go on to take away the antecedent Cause which is a cold distemper of the Brain which must be done as before was shewed by Apozemes or opening drinks by Pills sweating Diet Bags for the head Emplaisters Errhines for the nose neezings Masticatories Gargarisms that draw flegm Vesicatories or Blisters or Cupping head pouders Caps Fumes Magistral Syrups ordinary Pills a strengthening Opiate or Electuary by Caustick or burning by digestive Pouder and Baths A Diet Drink in this disease ought to be made of Guajacum alone and his Bark and after he hath taken a draught he must have hot bricks applied to the diseased parts but first they must be quenched in a Decoction of this good for the head made with white Wine and Vinegar and be wrapped in a linnen cloth for the stirring up of the weak heat which is in the parts and every fourth or fifth day you must purge but it is better to give a purging drink fifâ—een daies before you give the sweating that al the load of crude humors may be better cast out and afterwards the reliques and remainder may be discussed by the habit of the Body Which may be thus made Take of the chips of Guajacum three ounces of the bark of the same one ounce of spring Water four pints Infuse them twenty four hours then let them boyl to the consumption of half adding in the conclusion one ounce of Senna Turbith and Hermodacts of each two drams Let him take half a pint of this strained every morning for fifteen daies not sweating Apply a Caustick to the hinder part of the Head or to the sound Arm if the other be affected If the Legs be affected apply a Caustick to them both After his Diet let him use for his ordinary Drink a Decoction of Guajacum or Water and Honey wherein hath a little Rosemary been boyled Let him abstain from Wine which is very hurtful in this Disease but if he desire to drink Wine let Bettony and Sage be boyled therein And it is far better if in the Vintage time those Herbs are put into a full Vessel of new Wine If the Disease be perverse and stubborn omitting the usual Pills and Magistral Syrup after his Diet use stronger Medicines made thus Take of Pill Foetida the greatest and Pill Cochie the less each half a dram of Troches of Alhandal four
neither doth the example of a Spunge prove any thing which will not empty its self in the Air. But this Opinion delivered by Hippocrates in lib. de loc in homine seems to be true Fluxions saith he come of cold when the flesh and veins of the head are extended for those when the head is cold and contracted bound together and excluding do strain forth moisture And also the flesh doth assist them and the hairs are on end as being every where strongly pressed and therefore whatsoever is strained from thence falls where it is occasioned From whence is manifest That a Coarctation and compression of the Parts may be made by cold and from thence a humor may be expressed Neither doth it hinder that densation or thickening of humors which is made by cold as was said for it may be so when the whol body is equally cold But when the external parts are offended by sudden cold they are presently straitened and strain the humor contained Of less force is that Argument against the Spunge that it is not expressed by the cold Air for there is another Reason to be given of living parts whose heat and spirits fly from the sence of cold and cause the parts wherin they are to be contracted which cannot be in a Spunge ful of Water Yet we must confess that this is not the only way by which a Defluxion comes through cold for cold of the feet will produce a Catarrh by communicating a cold distemper to the brain by the chiefest Nerves that come through the marrow of the back bone and this coolness goes into the innermost parts of the brain not the external as cold air which affects the head immediately therefore we may rather think in this case that the retentive faculty of the brain is weakened by cold of the head so that it cannot contain the superfluous humors which are many but lets them flow forth There is also another way very usual by which a Catarrh of a cold cause cometh namely The stoppage of the external pores especially in the time wherein the body requireth most sweat Hence it comes that men very much inflamed running suddenly into the cold air are troubled with Catarrhs So Catarrhs comes to be most frequent in Autumn because the Body being made thin and the ports opened in the Summer casting forth many excrements by insensible transpiration if they be presentsently stopped by contraction of the body with cold do cause humors and vapors to fly into the head and center of the brain So about the beginning of Autumn there are not only Catarrhs but also abundance of watery humors are sent forth by most men in their urine and by stool which cause fluxes of the Belly at that time But if any ask why defluxions do not last al Winter when by reason of cold the pores are alwaies stopped We answer That Nature doth in Winter discharge her self by other waies rather than by sweat namely by stool urine and spittle How great that Evacuation is which is usually by insensible transpiration or sweat is pleasantly taught by Sanctorius in his Book de Statica Medicina where he saith That it is larger than all the sensible Evacuations put together so that if the meat and drink of one day be eight pound in weight the insensible transpiration will be five pound he is very curious in this matter What light he hath left to the finding out of Causes and Curing Diseases I leave to be judged by the Learned In the part receiving you must consider the imbecillity or other disposition to receive and attract defluxion In regard of weakness it is an usual saying among Physitians That the stronger parts do alwaies lay their superfluous burden upon the weaker as in Common-wealths the Great Ones lay the chiefest burden upon the poor Commons Now the weakness of the parts is either Natural or Adventitious A Natural weakness comes from the softness and loosness of the parts from the Glandles and Lungs do easily entertain defluxions But an Adventitious weakness is from a distemper or from solution of continuity A cold distemper by weakening the Native heat causeth the part to have less power to resist the humor flowing unto it And also a Solution of continuity or wound makes the part more fit to receive defluxions by its weakness hence arose the use of Cauteries or Issues because the part being thereby weakened the humors do flow from other parts unto it And so the Lungs being ulcerated receive the humors from the head and from al other parts Among other dispositions for the attracting of a defluxion heat is chiefly to be reckoned for we may observe that parts inflamed do plentifully attract humors So in a Consumption many humors are drawn from the head to the lungs not only by reason of the ulcer but also by reason of the inflamation Whence Hippocrates speaking of a Phthiâ—is or Consumption in his first Book of Diseases saith thus The Lungs beâ—ng inflamed draw humors from the whole Body and especially from the Head and the Head being made hot from the Body spits forth that thick matter There are two waies by which the humors are carried from the head into the inferior parts either internal or external The internal way is when the humor flows from the parts under the Skull chiefly from the Ventricles of the Brain and makes divers diseases and symptomes according to the diversity of the parts receiving of which some have peculiar names according to those vulgar Verses in Schola Salerni That Rhewm is call'd Catarrhus which doth fall Vpon the Breast upon the Jaws we call It Branchus Coryza through the Nose doth fall When the Humor flows upon the Breast the Disease keeps the general name of a Catarrh or Defluxion when it falls upon the Jaws and Aspera Arteria or rough Arteries it is called Branchus Raucedo or Hoarsness when it flows into the Nostrils it causeth not only a Coryza or Murrh but Ozaena and Polypus But in other parts it produceth various effects if it fall upon the Nerves it produceth a Torpor or Numbness a Palsey Convulsion Trembling if in the Ears Deafness Swelling if in the Eyes Ophalmy or Inflamation Tears Blindness if upon the Uvula or Pallat Swelling Loosness or Laxity or Ulcer if in the Throat the Squinzy if on the Lungs the Pleuresie Inflamation or Imposthumation Cough shortness of Breath spitting of Blood Consumption if into the Stomach Vomiting want of Appetite if into the Bowels it causeth Diarrhaea and Dysentery therefore it is rightly conceived that the greatest part of Diseases that trouble mans Body have their original from the Head Moreover Somtimes the humor flows from the Brain with the blood into the veins whence comes the Disease called Febris Catarrhalis when Nature is strongly moved to expel the superfluous humor and the Spirits being thereby much disturbed are inflamed and cause a Quotidian Feaver hence it is that a defluxion is reckoned
red Serpent about the Chamber Seiling at which being frighted he leaped out of his bed Hence Galen foretold a Haemorrhagy at hand and hindered the letting of blood which other Physitians had prescribed The pain of the Head and Neck comes from the translation of the blood into the superior parts which by distending and pulling the Membranes causeth pain The Arteries in the Temples beat by reason of their compression which is caused by the fulness of the Veins The noise in the Ears comes from vapors flying in abundance into the head The sight is dim because many thick vapors sent up do stop the passages Hence it is that when passage is denied to the Animal Spirits the sight is dim The things flying before the Eyes called Marmaryges are nothing but thin bodies divided and of divers colours contained between the Cornea and the Crystalline coming from vapors ascending which though they be inward yet through deception of the sight they seem to be outward because the Eye being used to see External things supposeth whatsoever is within to be without The Redness of the Face and Eyes comes from blood in those parts increased there is a detestation of light because the Eyes being distended with plenty of humors wil be more distended with light because it disperseth the Spirits Hence the Eye is dilated which causeth pain which that the Patient may avoid he avoideth the light The involuntary Tears come from the repletion of the Eyes and the parts adjacent which being too much Distended to press the Glandles that contain the moisture of which tears are made The Itching of the Nostrils comes from vapors ascending upwards Drops of blood upon the day of demonstration namely the fourth or eleventh sheweth that there wil be an Haemorrhagy upon the day of judgment namely the seventh or the fourteenth because in those dayes Nature begins to transfer the Humors to those parts The breathing is difficult because while the blood flyeth upward it compresseth the Diaphragma Lastly There is a stretching of the Hypochondria because the blood begins to move in its fountain and in the roots of the veins but this distention is not constant and is without pain as the difficulty of breathing is for if they should last long and increase they would be signs of the Liver inflamed The Prognostick of a present Bleeding at Nose is thus If Blood flow moderately out of the Nose in the day of judgment it is sign of Health although Galen doth confirm this yet Fernelius denyeth it saying lib. 2. de sanguinis mâ—ss cap. 1. That no discharge of blood although critical is sign of health for though it ease madness watchings head-ach and other Symptoms yet it scarce ever cureth the Disease because the purer portion of blood is sent forth and the pure remaineth and this is thus proved because the blood coming from the nose is of a laudable colour and substance when blood at the same time taken out of a vein in the arm or else where shal appear to be corrupt This Doctrine of Fernelius is very real but not altogether to be received It is true That in acute Diseases especially malignant Feavers a Haemorrhag doth not alwaies Cure the Disease as Sweat is not alwaies a sign of Health in those Diseases because these Evacuations being forced by Nature before the time come for the most part from the malice of the matter of the Disease Yet somtimes acute Diseases are cured by Haemorrhagia as Galen taught in his Third Book de cris cap. ult and elsewhere And the reason why blood out of the Nostrils is alwaies pure is because it comes by drops and therefore would be so quickly cold that the impure parts could not be separated and the purer parts mixed with the rest would make the whol mass red But blood taken out of the arm because it comes flowing freely keeps the colour long in the vessel from which the impure parts are separated so that the thick and drosly part goes to the bottom but the choller and flegm which is more altered and impure swims at the top and so the blood seems impure and sordid On the other side if blood should drop from the vein it would appear pure because it presently goes together before the Haeterogeneal parts can be divided by the heat nay if blood flow freely and be caught in a large vessel it wil appear pure because it is quickly cold Haemorrhagyes that are very great are the worst for they tend to a Convulsion For somtimes it comes to pass that Nature being burdened with much blood and stirred up to throw it forth cannot observe a Mean and makes an over Crisis which Physitians must stop An Haemorrhagy in the beginning of the Disease is evil because it is Symptomatical and comes from the malignity of the matter of the Disease Nature being stirred up to send it forth before her time An Haemorrhagy which is on the same side with the part affected is good but otherwise it is evil so in the inflamation of the Liver when blown forth out of the right Nostril it is good but out of the left bad Contrarily When the Spleen is inflamed if blood come forth of the left Nostril it is good but out of the right bad because al good Evacuation ought to be â—ata ixin A few drops coming from the Nose are evil for it signifies the weakness of nature and the malignity of the disease For al Excretions are condemned by Hippocrates in acute diseases if they be begun only and not finished because there is greater security in those Feavers in which nature putteth forth nothing than in which she puts forth little to no profit For then it is to be supposed that she tends to Concoction but if a drop appear it is a sign that nature was stirred up before her time But a drop coming upon the day of Indication and signs of Concoction also appearing it signifies that there wil be an Haemorrhagy upon that Critical day Haemorrhagies continuing long foreshews the weakness of the Liver and the coldness also and an evil habit with a dropsie to be at hand To him who have bled at the nose in Quartane Feavers it is evil Hippocrates Aph. 87. Sect. 7. For as Avicen sayeth bleeding in Melancholly and Flegmatick people is hurtful because iâ— cooleth too much To them who in Feavers have lost much blood at the Nose or any part when they amend their belly wil be loose Hip. aph 27. sect 4. For as Galen saith in Com. when the natural heat is debilitated by bleeding neither can their meat be wel concocted nor turned into blood nor distributed into the body and therefore it is fit they should be loose bellied until Nature recover her strength In the Cure of Haemorrhagia first observe whether it be Critical or Symptomatical For a Critical is not to be stopped but you must suffer it to flow in a great quantity For Avicen saith That blood hath come
Many Practitioners do not only apply these Remedies before to the Cartilage called Xiphoides like a sword but also behind upon the thirteenth Vertebra because the proper orifice of the Stomach inclineth backward but the thickness of the Vertebra is such and of the Muscles under them that the strength of the Medicine cannot pierce through to the Stomach Take of Galangal and Calamus Aromaticus of each three drams Mastich and Cloves of each two drams one Nutmeg dried Citron peels half an ounce Annis seeds one dram and an half Make a bag of these being bruised and put into red silk pricked through and into musked Cotton to be worn alwaies upon the Stomach The Skin of a Vultur dressed and worn upon the Stomach is commended for the same in want of which a Hairs Skin or a piece of Scarlet may be used Chap. 2. Of Dogs Appetite called Fames canina HAving in the former Chapter spoken of Appetite diminished and abolished now we shall speak of it depraved And this is done two waies When it either offendeth in quantity or quality It offends in quantity when nourishment is required in a greater quantity than Nature would and this is called Boulimia or Dogs Appetite It offends in quality when things are required which are evil or are not food and this is called Pica or Kitta Of the first we shall speak in this Chapter of the last in the Chapter following The word Boulimia comes apo tou bou kai limou because the Particle Bou put to other words encrease the signification as if it were compared to the greatness of an Ox. It is also called Phagedaina which word is given to Ulcers which eat the flesh and enlarge and therefore called Vlcera Phagedaina that is spreading Ulcers Now it is called Fames Canina or Dogs Appetite because they who have it are hungry as Dogs But you may observe that these two words Boulimia and Fames Canina are somtimes confounded and used for the same thing and somtimes distinguished so that it is called Fames Canina when after much feeding they vomit like Dogs But some purge rather than vomit when Nature throweth down that which it cannot concoct In Boulimia vomit doth not follow but somtimes Lipothymia There are some who feed unsatiably and yet vomit not nor purge but concoct all and if they have not presently more are sick As Sennertus reports of a Scholler who was black colored who eat not only in the day but night and digested it without vomiting he could not be satisfied with delicate meats but required gross and therefore would eat no Bakers Bread but such as the Country people made and would eat as many raw Parsnips in a Summer morning as could be bought for six pence without damage Hence it appears that this disease is a Symptome of an action depraved in respect of quantity which action being encreased is called Dog-like or an Appetite beyond Natural Measure The part affected is chiefly the mouth of the Stomach The cause containing is sence of sucking and vehement pulling which stirs up the Appetite Galen 2. de symp caus cap. 7. reduceth the immediate causes of this Disease to two Heads in these words Evil Appetites exceeding in quantity which are called by some Caninae are then when either some evil sharp Juyce biteth the Stomach or when the whol Body immoderately concocting wants nourishment for evil Juyce which is cold biteth like the Natural sucking and produceth appetite by the resemblance of Nature The immediate cause of a preternatural Appetite according to Galen is first a vicious humor and cold sticking to the Stomach Secondly want of Food by over much concoction Evil Humors sticking to the Stomach cause immoderate Appetite because they by their too much coldness sharpness and sowrness do constringe wrinkle and pull the mouth of the Stomach and so make a sence of feeling like a natural sucking and beget a false Appetite This Humor is either sowr flegm staying long in the Stomach or many times Melancholly sent from the Spleen into the Stomach which in a natural state and a moderate quantity and quality begets a moderate and natural Appetite but if it be preternatural and exceed it makes the Appetite too great The want of Food by reason whereof the Veins do continually suck from the Stomach either it comes from too great Evacuation by bleeding purging vomiting sweating and the like or from too great a Consumption of the alimentary substance by reason of the immoderate heat of the parts or the thinness of the humors and body and loosness of the pores watchings baths immoderate exercise much venery all which do dissolve the substance making humidity and by these emptiness being caused and want of food the meat is carried from the Stomach sooner than it ought Also this Fames Canina or Dogs Appetite may come from Worms which devour the Chylus as Trallianus reports lib. 7. cap. 4. of a Woman in this Disease which voided a worm twelve â—ubits long by the use of Hiera and was cured The Hermetical Physitians do lay down another cause of this wonderful Appetite namely a certain dissolving Spirit begot in the Body which by an inhaerent property doth so readily consume whatsoever meat is taken so that it doth not allow Nature a lawful and necessary bound of nourishment This they call a hungery devouring salt sharp vitriol Spirit For say they as from divers Salts Vitriol Niter common Salt and Salt Armoniack with the like Aqua fortis is made by Chymistry which will dissolve the hardest Stones Mettals into Liquor in a short time so that Gold which will not be dissolved in a month by a strong fire in a quarter of an hour will be dissolved in Aqua regia and be turned into a Liquor of the same color This Doctrine is diligently to be examined for as the digestion of the Stomach in its Natural condition hath somthing to be admired by the curious Searchers into Nature so the same being made preternatural hath somthing to be wondered at This is wonderful in the Natural digestion of the Belly that the hardest meats are digested therein and in three or four hours space are turned into a Chylous Liquor so thin that it may be strained through the narrowest branches of the Venae lacteae and that Dogs do turn the hardest bones into the same Liquor is not to be attributed to a stronger concocting heat because meat in a pot although the fire be never so hot cannot in twenty four hours or many daies be converted into the same The Galenists hold that this comes from the faculty of the Stomach which faculty works not without an Instrument because if there is an Idiosyncrasia or a certain proportion of the first qualities as is commonly reported its chief action must be from heat for cold moisture or driness do nothing to that great dissolving of food and heat as it is said hath not that power Therefore the Idiosyncrasia is somwhat more
hapneth a Critical Diarrhoea without a Disease in some bodies which use to lay up evil Humors and being strong do throw them forth at times when they abound and burden nature as Galen taught 7. meth Cap. 11. of which Flux Celsus maketh mention lib. 4. cap. 19. in these words It is healthful for to go often to the Stool in one day and in many dayes together if there be a Feaver and if it cease before the seventh day for the Body is purged and that which inwardly would have hurt is now sent forth Among Critical Fluxes the Serous is one which comes without a Disease aforegoing in them who have much Water in their Veins and that chiefly in the Harvest time or Autumne namely when the night and morning cold of Autumne finding the passages external and pores of the skin open by reason of the heat of Summer aforegoing doth therefore insinuate it self deeper into the body pressing forth internally the Serous Humors contained in the Veins which Nature afterwards being over-burdened with sends by the Meseraick Veins into the Intestines and many times into the Uriters Hence it is that many in the beginning of Autumne and in the first cold weather do make abundance of Urine for many dayes together But if a Diarrhoea be Symptomatical it troubles the patient much and weakeneth him and the Disease upon which it comes is encreased or at least is in the same state This Symptomatical Flux in burning Feavers and Malignant is often melting and hence it is known because the Excrements appear unctious and the body forthwith becomes lean and consumed and almost in a Marasmus If the Diarrhoea comes from the Brain the Stools are frothy as Hippocrates taught Aphor. 30. Sect. 7. which is not alwaies so For Flegm may flow from the brain without Wind which is the only cause of froth as also Wind may be mixed with Humors that are bred or contained in the stomach or intestines from whence the Excrements may be frothy though they come not from the Head Therefore we must joyn other Signs to this namely If the Brain have any manifest Disease as a Catarrh Deafness Lethargy Apoplexy or great Heaviness Pain or Sleepiness and if the Flux be more at night than day If it come from the fault of the Stomach there wil be the Signs of the Concoction of the Stomach Hurt As if the Food be corrupted and have a sharp and stinking quality by which the Expulsive Faculty is stirred up to expel them Also there wil then be the Signs of a Hot Distemper of the Stomach So if the Stools be Crude and Flegmatick and if Concoction be slow and diminished we argue that the Concoction of the Stomach is hurt by a cold Distemper and lastly we know that the fault is in the Stomach if the Patient did before fill himself with evil Food which would easily corrupt The Flux of the Belly comes from the Guts when they are ful of Worms and then there wil be signs of Worms which you may take from their proper Chapters If from the Liver The Stools wil be Chollerick because Choller is bred there and there wil be Signs of a Hot Distemper Inflamation Obstruction and other Diseases of the Liver If from the Spleen The Stools wil be commonly black or blackish a distention in the left Hypochondrion a heaviness also or pain there and other signs of the Spleen Distempered wil appear If from the Mesentery There wil be extension stretching or pain in that part But Humors gathered in the Mesentery come commonly from the Liver and Spleen If from the Womb There wil be stoppage of the Courses or the Symptomes of the Womb affected which use to be more violent and the Flux also at that time when the Terms ought to flow The Prognostick of a Diarrhoea is made thus A Flux of the Belly which is easily endured and in which the Patient finds refreshment is good On the contrary that which is painful and weakneth is evil The first is to be accounted Critical the last Symptomatical When the Liquid Excrements grow thicker it is good For it signifieth That the Faculty Worketh well by Concocting of evil Humors which is done by making them thick Thin Excrements with pain often voided are evil for they signifie great sharpness of Humors which do violently pul stimulate prick and gnaw the Guts Liquid Stools without Feeling when they are voided are evil For they either signifie Disturbance of Mind or Doting or Dissolution of the Natural Heat which is followed by the loss of Sense Liquid Stools beginning with an acute Disease and continuing with the same is evil for it signifies great plenty of Matter or an evil quality therein which forceth Nature to so sudden a flux If a strong Diarrhoea comes upon him who hath the Leucophlegmatia it causeth recovery Hipp. Aph. 29. Sect. 7. For there is an Evacuation of the Matter which was in the whol Body But this wants a limitation The Aphorism is true if this flux happen in the beginning of a Disease while the strength is good otherwise it doth not take away the disease but the Patient If a Woman with Child have a flux of the Belly she is in danger to miscarry Hipp. Aph. 34. Sect. 5. For the food which should nourish the Infant is for the most part carried away and the strength is abated as also the Ligaments of the Womb are relaxed by a continual flux of Humors thither as also the Child and the Womb are infected by the vapor of those excrements which are continually voided Yellow Stools like Yolks of Eggs green like Verdegreece livid black of divers colors or very stinking are evil For the reason which we gave in the Chapter of Vomiting As to the Cure Since a Symptomatical Diarrhoea comes commonly from corrupt Humors Chollerick Flegmatick Melanchollick or Serous and especially from Chollerick which provoke the expulsive faculty of the Intestines by their sharpness You must begin the Cure by Evacuation of the Humor offending which must be done by a Medicine which doth astringe by purging lest that flux should be encreased by motion of the Humors and you may make it thus Take of the best Rhubarb one dram Citrine Myrobalans half a dram Yellow Sanders half a scruple Infuse them in Plantane Water dissolve in the Liquor strained half a dram the pouder of Rhubarb and one ounce of Syrup of Roses Make a Potion You may ad Diacatholicon or other Medicines according to the condition of the Humor to be purged Also Vomiting is somtimes good because it Revelleth and Evacuateth the Matter of the Disease If there be signs of blood abounding and strength you must first let blood And if there be a Feaver you must open a Vein though there appear no Plethory or fulness Before and after Purging give clensing Clysters such as these Take of whol Barley two pugils Bran and red Roses of each one pugil Liquoris scraped and Raisons whol of
are joyned with over hot women over cold men with over cold women for those distemperatures can procure no mediocrity in the Seeds and other causes necessary to Generation Some fly likewise to occult or hidden qualities which make the Sperms to agree or disagree though no excess of the first qualities can be discerned To these Authors add an hidden kind of Disposition which makes some women barren though no manifest cause of such Barrenness appear in them The Signs of Barrenness we will run over according to these four sorts of Causes propounded And in the first place Causes hindering Reception of Seed are not hard to be discovered being evident to our very Sences For tenderness of Age is easily observed and so is an over elderly state of yeers and the evil constitution of those parts which border upon the womb as when women halt have crooked wreathen Legs have their Crupper-bone deprest or are over fat as for the cold distemper of the womb we shall treat of that in our third Rank of Causes Hatred between Man and Wife is known by relation of themselves or of those that live with them Also the particular Diseases hindering the reception of Seed as Tumors Ulcers Obstructions Astrictions shuttings up Distorsions may be known through search of the Genital Parts made by a Midwife or Chyrurgion Of the Causes hindering the retention of Seed which make the second Rank we shall treat of over great moisture among those of the third Rank as for Abortion and hard Travel they are known by the womans relation The Causes of the third Rank viz. Which have power to corrupt the Seed to require more exquisite signs to know them by which we shall prosecute as followeth A Cold Distemper of the Womb is hereby known In that the Woman longs not after Carnal Embracements and feels little pleasure therein her Face is soft whitish and cloudy her feeling is dull about her Share Loyns and Thighs she voids thin and crude Sperm and with little pleasure her Courses are suppressed or they come every sparingly and keep no constant orderly time and they are pale and discolored Add hereunto Diet preceding of a cooling Nature consisting of a long use of Fruits and Herbs with much drinking of cold smal Drink A moist distemper of the womb is known by the lax and slap flaggy soft habit of the womans body her much sitting frequent and almost continual flux of Whites plenty of Courses thin and watry no appetite to fleshly Conjunctions heaviness of her Loyns aptness to miscarry plenty of Urine and a moist Diet. An hot Distemper is known by the manly and strong habit of the womans Body such as is seen in Viragoes and Amazones by a ruddy countenance black hair of the Head and Eye-brows a strong and manly voyce she is frequently disposed to be angry over prompt to all kind of actions heâ— thirst cannot be satisfied her Urine is yellow her Courses few their color is a dark red their heat and acrimony so great that oftentimes they exulcerate the secret Passages their Privities itch and they are prone to carnal Embracements they are quick and suddain in the voiding of their Seed they have frequent Polâ—â—tions and lustful Dreams A dry distemper of the womb is known by the smal quantity of Courses driness itching and choppings of the Mouth of the Womb little excretion of Sperm in the Genial Embracement trouble arising from over much carnal Conjunction and Leanness If the Seed be corrupted and Barrenness caused by Witch-craft all other signs will be absent which are wont to declare the Natural and manifest causes of Barrenness There will be likewise some alienation of minds between the married Couple of which neither of them can give any handsom account yea and somtimes they can both of them but seldom shoot forth their Seed and that with Labor and Difficulty Diet or poysons that extinguish Seed if they have been taken in we shall come to knowledg thereof by diligent questioning of the woman and those that are about her And lastly Malignant Diseases such as are of power to extinguish the Sperm as Leprous Manginess the Whores-Pox and such like are known by their proper signs The fourth Cause of Barrenness which consists in defect or badness of the Menstrual blood is known first by the over great fatness of the whol Body to the nutriment whereof the blood is carryed away and consumed and is not allowed for the nutriment of the child in the womb The same is likewise known by great Leanness of the Body and extream slenderness â—â—r when there is not blood enough to nourish the Body it can hardly superabound to nourish the Conception And in a word All such things as consume and much diminish the blood if they have preceded or be at present in the Patient they signifie want of blood in her body such as are extream labors and pains-taking immâ—derate sitting up and watching austere fastings large bleedings at nose or elsewhere 〈◊〉 or chronical Feavers Fistulous Ulcers and Issues that run much 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 over great quantity of blood doth hinder the nourishment of the Seed and of the 〈◊〉 for the Seed is oppressed with so great plenty and cannot exerciâ—e its formative faculty which is 〈◊〉 to happen in full bodyed and ruddy women such as live a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and delight â—n Feasting 〈◊〉 wombs are alwaies bedabled with a continual moisture Now the 〈…〉 on of the womans blood may be known by the ill habit of her Pody the color of her 〈…〉 her strange dispositions together with an ill diet foregoing The 〈…〉 and the Wiâ—es Seed is hardly known but if both of them be of a very hot or a very hot 〈◊〉 Constitution we may conjecture That the disproportion 〈◊〉 from those distempers 〈◊〉 more manifest causes of Barrenness do not appear It is yet harder 〈…〉 hat kind of Barrenness which depends of a certain hidden disposition no manifest 〈◊〉 thereof appearing Yet many Experiments are related by Authors whereby to know whether a Woman be â—â—turally Barren which though they carry no great certainty with them yet are Physitians 〈…〉 somtimes to make use of them in favor of Princes and Nobles who are permitted to divorce their Wives in case of Barrenness Hippocrates in â—phor 59. Sect. 5. saith If a Woman conceive not and thou wouldest know whether she shall conceive or not cover her with blankets and burn some perfume under her and if the smell proceed through her Body up to her Nostrils and Mouth know that she of her self is not Barren The same Hippocrates supposeth that it may be known whether a woman be fruitful or not by putting a head of scraped and peeled Garlick into her Womb for if the next day the smel shall come into her mouth she is apt to conceive if not she is barren Or put Galbanum softened at the fire and enclosed in Silk into the womans womb at night and bind her whol head
their superfluities to the Joynts if they be disposed to receive them Now that disposition of the Joynts which makes them fit to receive a Fluxion of Humors that I may take this occasion to open the condition of a receiving Part is their weakness either native from the Parents or arising from other Preternatural Causes which we shall speak of by and by Seeing therefore it is established by Physitians as a most sure maxim that the stronger Parts of the Body empty their excrements into the weaker we may avouch that all the Parts aforesaid may discharge their excrements upon the Joynts if they being weakned cannot sufficiently resist the same And that the Opinions aforesaid may be severally refuted Fernelius indeed doth clearly enough demonstrate that Humors collected without the Soul do flow upon the surface of the body and under the Skin creep into the Joynts seeing somtimes the Pain begins in the Head goes thence into the Neck thence to the shoulders and at length into the Joints But that Humors do never flow from other places and Parts into the Joynts he no waies proves neither is any man able to prove after him In like manner they which say that such Fluxions come only from the brain seem to contend against sense Forasmuch as those Parts which compass the Joints about do receive Veins and arteries by which blood is brought unto them to nourish them withall why may not also the wheyish Humor collected in the greater vessells be carried unto the same Parts by the same waies Galen hath taught this precisely in his Comments upon the Aphor. 10. Sect. 3 where he shews that in the knobbs and Pains of the Joynts the profound Parts of the body are purged the vitious Humors being driven from the principal Parts of the body into the Circumference This is seen by the Feaver which is oftentimes raised in the beginning of the Gout for it is caused by wheyish excrements conteined in the Veins put into a commotion and working when nature sees her self to expell the same and seeing she cannot drive it all forth she discharges the same into the weaker and ignobler Parts Also the third Opinion which Sennertus defends is Void of reason and is herein faulty because it denies that Gouty defluxions do ever come from the brain For seeing all Parts of the Body both inward and outward do receive Fluxions from the Brain how can the Joynts be free from them And if Humors causing a Catarrh do often flow by the Veins and arteries whence Rhewmatick Feavers daily arise and the Humors conteined in the Veins and Arteries as Sennertus himself affirms do easily flow unto the Joynts it is a clear demonstration that a Fluxion is made from the brain into the Joynts Also plentyful Pissing declares that Humors flow from the brain through the Veins when the said Pissing is caused by some commotion of the brain by reason of long abiding in the Sun or in a very cold air for then the wheyish Humors conteined in the brain are agitated by those Procatarctick Causes and driven into the Veins and Arteries through which they flow unto the Kidney's and the Bladder and thence comes so plentiful making of water The next and immediate Internal Cause of the Gout hath hitherto bin sufficiently expounded now let us proceed to the external and Procatarctick Causes or occasions thereof which we may for clearness sake distinguish into three Tribes or Rankes The first Tribe is of them which afford matter convenient to breed the Gout The second is of those which do weaken and loosen the Joynts The third is of them which promote the flux of the Morbifick Humor into the Joints To the first Tribe are referred al things which encrease raw and wheyish Humors or any bad Humors whatsoever as meates of gross substance hard to be digested and such as afford many excrements frequent Gluttony and Drunkenness immoderate Carnal Embracements which is the reason that Gout is called the Daughter of Bacchus and Venus Idleness and a sedentary life and intermission of such exercises as men have been formerly accustomed unto long sleep and unseasonable watching intermission of such naturall and artificial Evacuations as men have been accustomed unto fear Sadness and continual Care To the second Tribe are referred vehement motion and Labour frequent use of carnall conjunction especially of that which is celebrated standing refrigeration and humectation of the Joints frequent Bathing Contusion Luxation and Fracture of the Joints To the third Tribe are referred Cold air squeezing out the Humors and Heat melting dissolving and agitating the said Humors and opening the secret Passages meats of a servent and salt nature which attenuate the Humors thin and strong Wine Immoderate exercise unbridled Lechery vehement anger and other immoderate passions of the Mind The Signs do either foretell the Gout at Hand or declare the same to be present Signes of the Gout at Hand a Sence in the Joints more exquisite and quick than ordinary so that the lightest thing will hurt them as for example the hard sitting of a new Shoe Long walking a smal blow or a light hitting against a stone or some other hard thing A Feaver commonly ushers in the Gout which is caused by wheyish Humors and others conteined in the Veins and arteries being disturbed and agitated whiles nature endeavours to expell them to those less noble Parts But the neerer approach of the Gout and its beginning as it were is signified by a stupidity and sence of crawling Pismires in the Joynts and a kind of unusual Heat felt in them The Gout is known to be present by an actual pain tormenting the Joynts which commonly is attended with redness and swelling which if it appear not at the very first yet is it seen presently after The pain doth usually seize upon the great Toe especially on the left foot and oftentimes it spreads it self from thence into other Joynts The Feaver which comes before the pain doth somtimes continue and somtimes it goes not before but comes together with the pain The Signs of the Causes are likewise to be considered For although the Humor causing the Gout be principally wheyish yet is it needful to know what other Humors are mixed therewith that we may fit out Medicines thereunto And in the first place Choller abounding with the wheyish Humor is known by a vehement and cutting pain a smal swelling a reddish or palish color great heat and the Feaver intense and persevering in its state or height thin Urine yellow and riddish cold things help and hot things hurt Signs of flegm abounding with the Whey are a softish and somwhat loose swelling of the parts affected which if a man press with his finger there remains a pit the pain is not so great Urines are thick and troubled Cold things hurt and hot things help little or no heat is felt the color is white little differing from the Natural color of the part Signs of Melancholly abounding
yet so that such as respect the most predominant Humor be put in the greatest Quantity For the more nice and dainty soft of Patients Medicinal broaths are prescribed instead of Juleps and also that the sick may not grow weary of the same kind of Medicine too long used and these broths are made of such of the Roots and Herbs aforesaid as are most pleasant to the tast with a chick or part of an Hen of Capon unto which somtimes may be added one dram of Sal Prunella or some drops of spirit of Vitriol when we would have it more cooling than ordinary Howbeit in slow and long lasting Feavers caused by rebellious obstructions hard to be cleared Germander though bitter and Cichory Endive and Dandelyon though bitter may be boyled in Broaths and Montanus in his Counsels doth cry up Cichory and Germander boyled in Broaths as an admirable Remedy for such as have a long Feaver with obstructions In Feavers from flegm a Decoction of Chamomel is excellent Zacutus Lusitanus Observat 26. in the third Book of his Praxis admiranda Also emulsions or Almond-Milks are very good in putrid Feavers and are commonly more pleasing than Juleps They are most in use when the Feaver is Joyned with a dry distemper of the Bowels or a thin Catarrh or an Inflamation of the Lungs and Parts serving to breath withal or for variety least the Patient should be over tired with continual use of Juleps Now the Composition of these emulsions hath been described in the foregoing cures Cold Water given in great Quantity in continual putrid Feavers was wont to be in use among the antients and is commended by very many latter Physitians But as we said the use here of was dangerous in the simple Synochus so in this Case we think the discreet Physitian shal do best to for bear the same for the reasons we delivered in our Chapter of the simple Synochus Yet will it be somtimes good in extream heat of a Feaver to give a good draught of cold Water to ten or twelve ounces with a few drops of Spirit of Vitriol For hereby somtimes the same effects are wrought which Galen attributes to cold Water being drunk the quantity of three or four pints at a time When as notwithstanding there are none of those dangers to be feared which Galen himself confesseth did somtimes happen upon the preposterous drinking down of so great a quantity of cold Water as he adviseth For the Spirit of Vitriol causeth that the Water breeds no Obstructions but rather opens the same quickly piercing and passing through the Bowels not biding in the Hypochondria's as plain and single cold Water is wont to do but is very like the acid Mineral Fountains and Wells which though they are drunk in great quantity do not lie heavy in the parts about the short Ribs but are quickly pissed forth and very good against Obstructions To strengthen Nature which in every violent Feaver is much dejected Electuaries are good and strengthening Conserves and Preserves compounded of Conserve of Roots of Bugloss Leaves of Sorrel Wood-sorrel Stalks of Lettice Flowers of Bugloss Borrage Violet Cichory and Roses Pulp of Citrons Whereunto are added the Pouders of Coral Pearls Ivory Harts-horn Diamargaritum frigidum Diatriasantalon Diarrhodon Abbatis Confectio Alkermes de Hyacintho which are commonly after this manner compounded Take Conserve of Flowers of Borrage Bugloss Roses of each an ounce Confectio Alkermes one dram and an half Pouder of Diamargaritum frigidum Ivory Coral prepared and Pearls prepared of each ten grains Sugar of Roses the weight of all the rest three Leaves of beaten Gold Make of all an Electuary covered over with Gold of which let the Patients take often by it self out of a spoon drinking a little of their ordinary Drink after it or mingle sâ—me of it with their ordinary Drink and with their Broths Take Conserve of Cichory Sorrel Lettice and of the sharp Pulp of a Citron of each half an ounce Pouder of yellow Sanders and of Pearls prepared of each one scruple Spirit of Vitriol half a scruple With Syrup of Violets make all into an Electuary Take Conserve of the Flowers of Bugloss Roses and Violets of each one ounce Waters of Endive Sorrel and Borrage of each three ounces Mix them together let them stand over the warm Embers and heat then strain the Liquor through a searse then add Confectio Alkermes two drams Pouder of the Electuary Diamargaritum frigidum half a dram Coral prepared Pearls prepared and Shavings of Ivory of each one scruple Syrup of Lemmons and Pomegranates of each three ounces Mix all give one spoonful at a time For the more dainty and nice sort of People in great debility of Natural strength this following Julep very pleasant to the tast may be compounded Take Waters of Sorrel Orange flower and Roses of each one ounce and an half Syrup of Lemmons and Pomegranates of each one ounce Confectio Alkermes one dram mix them Let the Patient take hereof frequently in a spoon Altering Medicines having been used for some daies together and such as prepare bad Humors when the Feaver begins to decline we must set our selves to purge out the said Humors when the signs of Concoction do appear avoiding the Critical daies And this must be done with Medicines a little stronger than those which were given at the beginning of which sort are Senna Rhubarb Agarick Catholicum duplex and such like whose Matter and Dose must by the skilful Physitian be accommodated to the Humors offending and the Nature of the Patient And some Physitians are so bold as to proceed to Scammoniate Medicaments as Diaprunum solutivum Diaphoenicon Electuarium de succo Rosarum Diacarthamum Which notwithstanding are very seldom to be used in continual Feavers because Scammony is wont very much to inflame the Humors and to cause vehement thirst and that especially in burning Feavers in which Scammoniate Medicaments are very hurtful Yea verily and Rhubarb it self although a gentle and most excellent Medicament is by some suspected as not safe in very Chollerick Feavers because of its notable heating and drying faculty Howbeit the hurtful faculty thereof may in great part be corrected by infusing the same in Cooling Waters and by mingling therewith a Decoction of Tamarinds and cooling Herbs and by adding thereto Cassia Syrup of Roses Syrup of Cichory with Rhubarb and such like If the Feaver do stil continue Purgation must be ever and anon repeated using between whiles preparatives digestives til the whol seminary of evil humors be taken away For otherwise if we cease Purging before the Feaver be perferctly abated and gone the Patient wil be in danger of a Relapse Yet this Rule needs some restriction For if after many Purgations a lingring feaver continues which doth by little and little pine the Patients and seem to cast them into a Consumption it will be the best course to leave Purging and seek to conquer the Feaver only
Melanchollick if the Winter or Autumn be in their full force if the Patients do eat much or by much drinking do oppress their Natural Heat The Cure as in other Feavers is to be directed to the Feaver its Cause and strength of the Patient The Feaver calls for Coolers the Cause requires Coolers likewise and withal such things as digest and purge the Humor offending the Patients strength calls for things that corroborate and vigorate the same And in the first place A Cooling Diet must be appointed and which moistens it must be the very same in an exquisite Tertian which we before prescribed in our Cure of Continual Feavers But in a bastard and single Tertian a fuller Diet somwhat is to be enjoyned especially if the Disease prove to be long for then solid Meats are to be given on the wel-day and five or six hours before the fit But in a double Tertian as in an exquisite Tertian the Sick must be nourished only with broth and other supping things This is a most pleasant Drink out of Forestus for those which have a third day Ague Take Fountain Water two pints Cinnamon half an ounce Sugar three ounces Let all be strained cold and raw through an Hippocras Bag. The Patient must not eat when the Fit is coming according to that saying of Hippocrates in Aphor. 11. Sect. 1. For Nature as Galen shews in his Commentary on that place by Concocting of newly eaten Meat is called away from Concoction of the Morbifick Humors Add hereunto That in the fit of an Ague the whol body is filled with a filthy vapor which doth mar and for the most part corrupt that meat which is eaten neer the fit But if the fit prove so long or the Patients body so hot and dry so lean and thinly woven together with wide pores that it is soon dissolved and dissipated and cannot hold out to the end of the fit the Patient in such a case may be allowed to eat in the fit and it wil be better to eat when the fit is in the state or height than at any other time Howbeit in the beginning also and in the augmentation necessity compelling Meat may be given For so Galen in the tenth of his Method Chap. 5. was compelled to give Meat even in the beginning of the fits unto such as had this kind of Ague being of a hot and dry temperature unto whom fasting is extreamly hurtful lest they should fall into swooning fits And in imitation of him Amatus Lusitanus in the 68. Cure of the fourth Century to one that was full of and vomited pure Choller and by that means fell into swooning fits he gave bread dipt in water and sprinkled with Juyce of sown Grapes in the beginning of the Ague fit by which means he hindered the aforesaid Symptomes There is one thing yet further to be observed both in this and all other Agues That the Patient do neither eat drink nor sleep before the fit But it wil be good that the Patient go to stool by means of a Clyster provided the same be administred before the beginning of the fit Having therefore ordered a convenient Diet we must forth with proceed to evacuate the Morbifick Matter which seeing it sticks in the first Passages it must be voided not only by Clyster but by Purges and Vomitories Clysters in an exquisite Tertian must be made of an Emollient and Cooling Decoction with Cassia Catholicum Diaprunum simple and purgative But in a bastard Tertian let the Decoction be of Emollient and Cutting simples dissolving therein Diaphoenicon Honey of Roses c. Purgative Medicaments in an exquisite Tertian must be the same which have been propounded in continual Feavers But in a bastard Tertian there must be added Agarick Senna Catholicum Diaphoenicon and others such as the Judicious Physitian shall conceive most suitable to the constitution of the sick And in every sort of Agues Cream of Tartar may profitably be added to the Medicaments because it opens Obstructions is potently clensing and yet cools withal Purging Medicines are to be given on the day of Intermission and that in the morning as commonly is used if the time of Intermission fall within those hours if not the middle space between the two fits must be chosen And at any hour of the day or night we may give a Purge provided it be far from the Fit and the Stomach have digested what was last eaten But in a double Tertian 't is an hard matter to choose a convenient time to give a Purge because many times not above three or four hours do fal between two fits Yea And somtimes the fits are so long that the one begins before the other be ended which makes them be called Febres Subintrantes encroaching or intruding Feavers For then the speediness of the occasion or opportune time requires the uttermost diligence of the Physitian Now the more commodious hour of giving the Medicine is thus to be chosen In a double Tertian not encroaching the Medicament must be given in the end of the Fit at such a distance from the following Fit that the working of the Physick may be over ere the other Fit come But in an encroaching Ague when the latter Fit interfers with the former the Medicament must be given in the beginning of the declination as soon as it begins never so little to remit And in both Cases the Patient must drink Broth three hours after the Medicament is taken yet so as that there must be remaining three hours from the Broth-taking before the next Fit begin So that the Medicament is to be given at least six hours before the next Fit As for Vomits What was said of them in the Cure of Continual Feavers may be here very commodionsly applyed because the abundance of evil Humors conteined in the Stomach Mesenterie and Cavity of the Liver which is wont to cause these Feavers is brought away by Vomit which somtimes cannot be moved by purging Medicines given again and again as Fernelius hath well observed And therefore If in the beginning of the Fit the Patient be vexed with Vomitings the Physitian shall do well to follow that motion of Nature And seeing the gentlest sorts of Vomits will not ordinarily serve the turn we must proceed to the middle sort such as is especially Asarum of the pouder whereof half adram two scruples or one dram is given in Broth or some other convenient Liquor Others give the Decoction thereof which is made of three drams of Asarum Roots boiled in Chicken Broth or in Barley Broth made with Raisons The Chymists do give white Vitriol prepared and Salt of Vitriol and also Aqua Benedicta which is made of Crocus Metallorum Which as other Medicaments made of Antimony as they do somtimes happily rid away such morbifick Matter as is lodged in the first passages about the Stomach and Mesenterie c. So do they require a prudent and skilful Physitian to administer them otherwise they are like
an even balance out of which diversity of influences notwithstanding it could hardly come to pass but that som parcel of things so different should sometiems suffer not in any whol kind oâ— sort which should tend to the destruction of the universe but only in some individuals that were less able to resist and for the most part misaffecred and only in some part of the Air more disposed to receive malignant influences From whence we may conclude that those corruptions doe chiefly depend upon the defect of sublunary bodies forasmuch as many places are in the world where the air is so perfectly constituted and the inhabitants â—o evenly tempered that let never so malignant Influences of Starrs showâ— upon them yet are they never infected whith other pestilence To the same kind of Causes must we refer the Defects and Eclipses of Sun and Moon unusual Meteors and especially Blazing Stars which are never wont to appear but that Epidemical and Pestilential Sicknesses and Divers changes in the World do follow as is Consirmed by the experiments of many Histories whence that usually Cited verse of Claudian is become as a Proverb In Caelo nunquam Spectatum impune Cometam A blazing Star does not appear But some Beholders plagued are A most evident witnes whereof was that hairy Comet which appeared Anno 1618. Towards the East on the 27 of November and was afterwards seen near upon the whol Moneth of December moving and shining It 's thicker and more solid part being turned towards the Sun did behold the East and did far exceed Venus both in the clearnes of its shining and in its largnes thickly compacted and conglobated together The remaining part being more thin and less enlightened by the Sun because of its thinnes did move like fairly spred beard and stretched towards the West This Comet first appeared under the sign of Libra nere the Aequinoctial Line but by a private and peculiar motion of its own it was carryed from thence through the feet of Virgo the middle of Bootes and the tail of the greater Bear And at length its light decreasing by little and little and the matter whereof it consisted being dissipated it vanished betwen the great Bear and the Dragon It was carried with the common motion of the Stars from East to West but it seemed to be moved som what swifter than the Stars for in the first Daies of its Apparition it was wont to rise a little before five in the morning and afterwards it rose about four a Clock and before four and so sooner and sooner till it prevented the Midnight and Bed-time And we have reason to believe that this Comet was the Prognostick and sorerunner of malignant and pestilential Diseases and also of those Wars wherewith whole Europe in a manner hath since that time been laid Wast And although the Air be chief among the mediate Causes of malignant and pestilential Feavers yet sure enough other non-natural things do concur to their generation as I shall particularly and berifly declare The next to air are Aliments because bad Diet Causth a sickly disposition of the body which is an internal efficient and Causasine qua non or malignant and Pestilential Feavers Whereupon Galen in his Book De Cibis boni et mali Succi and in the 1. de Differ Feb. Chap. 3. Does demonstrate that from bad and corrupt Diet Pestilential Diseases do arise Now meats are said to be evil and the Causes of those diseases in many respects And in the first place when the Fruits of the Earth and of Trees by reason of a bad constitution of the year viz. Over moist or over dry or corrupted by mists or some tempestuous weather or some malignant influence of the stars do being eaten produce bad Juices in the body Secondly when there is great Famine and scarcity of Corn From whence came that Proverb Ho loimos meta limon the Plague follows famine For then the poor common People are forced to fill their bellies with such meats as are cheap and bad whence arises abundance of bad Humors And which is much worse when a plenty presently followes famine they do then suddenly cram themselves with much meat which by the languishing heat of their internal parts cannot be well digested and thereupon those meats come to participate of a malignant putrefaction Thirdly VVhen Aliments which in their own Nature are good do by some way or other gain putrefaction or some evil qualitie such are wheat barly beans and pease and other kind of grain which being either overlong kept or ill laid up in a moist place or otherwise misaffected do come to be musty or have some other putrefactive qualitie Such is flesh over long kept or stinking or such as is of beasts that were not killed but died of some disease as Julius Obsequens relates that in the Isle called Lipara when the Sea was made hot the fires which by meanes of an Earth-quake were forcibly vomited out of the Mount Aetina and had boiled the Fishes casting them upon the shoâ—â—â— the Inhabitants eating greedily of those Fishes a sore Pestilence followed Neither is there less power in drinks when putrid and corrupted wines or beer or other liquors are drunk or when water is drunk out of putrid and muddy Lakes or otherwaies infected As good Histories do â—â—stiâ—ie that numerous Armies have been destroied by pestilential Diseases with drinking such waters These non-natural things mentioned viz. Ayr and Meates and drinks have the greatest force to engender malignant Feavers but the four remaining viz. things voided or retained Motion and Rest Sleep and waking with Pamons of the Mind are of less efficacy and do only concur as adjuvaut Causes or such as dispose the body to conceive a malignant pucrefaction as in our exposition of them shal preâ—ently appâ—ar The â—â—tention of Courses in women or of some other accustomed evacuation Men as of the Hemorrhoides bleeâ—â—ing at nose and Loosenes which betides some persons at certain seasons when they happen in a pestilential year they are wont to produce a malignant disease For those things which are wont to be avoided as superfluous and burdensome to Nature if they be retained in the body they do easily conceive putrefaction so likewise over great evacuations either of blood or other humors do much weaken the Body and do Cause that Natural Heat being weakned it is soon infected by the vitious and pestilential impurities of the Air. As for motion and rest certain it is that overmuch Idleness is a Cause that Natural heat is not sufficiently eâ—entilated and consequently the Humors conceive putrefaction so over great exercise does very much open the pores and dissolves the Heat whereupon the body becoming weak and more apt to take impression does easily receive the Infection And too much sleep makes many Excrements and fils the body with Humidities which easily putrefie but too much watching does engender Crudities and they easily putresie because Natural Heat cannot wel
or Parchment Morbifical or Morbifick matter is that which is the principal cause of any Disease Minorative purgation is gentle purgation such as takes away only a part of the matter of a disease it is opposed to Eradicative purgation which is strong and pulls the whol matter offending up by the Roots as it were N NVtrition Nourishment Narcotick medicines stupefying medicines that dull the sence of feeling and cause profound sleep Nitre salt Peter as some hold but Matthiolus conceives the true Nitre is rarely found in these daies Natural functions actions of the stomach Liver Spleen Gal Kidneyes in concocting the meat making blood and separating and expelling the excrements Nauseousness sickness of the stomach enclining to vomit Nidorous smelling of burnt fat or scortched Roast-meat or fryed Oyl Noxious hurtful Nausiosis of the Veins is when the Veins are sick of bad blood and doth as it were spew it out into the habit of the body from whence comes scurvy-spots morphew scabs c. Neotericks are late writers in physick or any other Art so called in opposition to the Antient Authors O ORgans peculiar parts of the body fitted for some notable service of the Spirit such as the Eye to see the Ear to hear the Nose to smell the Skin to feel the Lungs to breath Stomach to digest Os Sacrum the great bone whereon the Ridg bone resteth Opisthotones a Convulsion so named when the Body is drawn backward Oval forme that is the shape of an Eg. Original beginning foundation Oedema a swelling caused by flegm which is soft and whiteish and has little heat or pain with it Obstruction stopping Opiate signifies an Electuary properly it is put for Venice Treacle Mithridate Diascordium c. which have Opium in them from whence the name is derived But secondarily it signifies any Electuary or Antidote made up in such a body as Treacle c. though it have no Opiate in it Orifice the whol which is made by a Surgeon when he lets blood Also the mouth or passage into the Womb or Stomach c. Opticks a Part of Natural Philosophy though falsly reckoned for a branch of the Mathematicks opening all the Mysteries of sight and the reasons of the Deceptions or mistakes thereof and teaching to make augmenting Glasses mutiplying Glasses Perspective Glasses burning Glasses c. Oblique slantling athwart crooked Obnoxious liable or subject unto Ophthalmy an Inflamation of the Eyes causing foreness and redness Oscribosum the bony Sieve A bone full of small holes like a Sieve or colendar placed above the Nose through which Snot and Snivil is drained from the brain Occult hidden unknown Oxycrate Vineger and water mingled together Organical Disease See similar diseases The Systole or diastole of the Pulse are the double motion thereof For when the Artery is extended by the blood Issuing out of the Heart and smites the Finger of him that feels the Pulse that motion is called Diastole or a widening and stretching of the Arterie but when the Arterie falls contracts it self and sinks from under a Manâ— Finger that motion is called Systole a contraction Oxyrrhodine Vinegar of Roses and Medicines made principally thereof P PRognosis the foreknowledg of Diseases Plethora a too great fulness of good blood in the body Paralysis the Palsie Paraplegia Parisis Palsie Peripneumonia an Inflamation of the Lungs or Lights Pericranium the skins which compasseth the Scul A Pugil of Herbs viz. as much as is taken up between the Thumb and the three fore-Fingers Physical Regiment is the right ordering of a Patient having taken a Purge or other strong Medicament As to keep the Patient warm to give posset or thin-broath after every stool not suffer him to read or her to Sow or hold down the head or to be sad or to sleep especially after a vomit c. Phrensie rageing Madness joyned with a Feaver see Chap. 11. Book 1. Prognostick foretelling A Prognostick sign is a sign foretelling what will become of the Disease and patient Privation loss Plethorick full of blood too full of blood Pores little holes in the skin through which vapors and sweat come out Sometimes they are visible upon the Arm or Leg being swelled and closed with cold resembling a Goose skin for roughness Preternaturally otherwise then the Course of Nature requires Perspicuous cleer that may be seen through as Glass fair-water c. Peritonaeum the inner coat of the Belly which covers the Guts See the English Anatomy Poplar Oyntment in the shops called Populeon See the English Dispensatory Potential coldness that is coldness in operation though not to the feeling So a draught of Whey in which cooling Herbs hath been boiled being drunk down warm from the fire is said to be actually hot because it is so to the hand and palate but Potentially cold because it afterward cools the stomach Liver c. Pulsation beating of the Arteries in any part of the Body Precede go before Preparing of humors is the qualifying of them so as that they may be fit for expression which preparation consists in separating them from the mass of good blood in making them thick if they be too thin and sharp in cutting them and making them thin if they be too thick and clammy Phlebotomy blood-letting Preternatural beside the intent or custom of Nature vide Preternaturally Propriety a pain by propriety is when the cause of the Pain is in the part pained so when the Head-ach comes from the Humors in the Head it is called a pain by propriety when it comes from Humors in the Stomach or any other part that sends up vapors it is called Head-ach by Consent And the like may be said of other Symptoms or accidents A Pyramis is a Geometrical figure broad and angular at the bottom and growing less and less towards the top till it come to a point The Sepulchers of the Egyptian Kings were made in this form and therefore called Pyramides Naturalists do make use of this Figure to shew how the Eye receives the representations of visible objects Pupil of the Eye is the midlemost round circle which we commonly call the sight of the Eye and which in Cats is seen to widen and contract it self Pulse Beans Pease Hastivers French-pease c. called so because they are gathered by pulling and not by mowing down as corn Probable likely possible Profound deep Producing breeding causing Peccant Humor the Humor offending causing the Disease A Phlegmon is an Inflamation or swelling caufed by blood If no other Humor be adjoyned it is a true Phlegmon If choller be joyned it is called a Phlegmon erisipelous if flegm aedematous if melancholly Scirrhous Paroxysme the fit of an Ague of the Mother or any Disease that comes by fits Perforated bored through Putrid rotten filthy stinking Pustula a pustle push or whelk Ponderous weighty Peristaltickmotion of the Guts is whereby the Guts do contract and purse themselves together above the excrements and so squeez them out Pomum curtipendulum
the putrefaction which it gathereth by long continuance hence comes a Feaver and Thirst namely from the stinking salt vapors which do infect the mouth of the Stomach It falls out somtimes that this Watery Humor is not contained in the Cavity of the Belly but in certain Bladders growing to the parts of the lower Belly An Example whereof is given by Schenkius Lib. 3. Observation and Mauritius Cordaeus Com. 5. in Hipp. Lib. 1. of Diseases in Women Galen supposed and almost all Physitians new and old have followed him that every Dropsie comes of a cold Liver which cannot Sanguisie or make Blood compleatly but instead thereof much Water Flegm or Wind. Which Opinion as it is most true in Anasarca and approved so in Ascites and Tympanites it is much questioned by many Modern Writers because in the opening of many that died of Dropsies the Liver hath been sound very sound as is manisest by many relations in those Authors mentioned Moreover Hippocrates 2. Prorrhet wittily affirms that a Dropsie may come either from the Liver or from some empty part by an empty part he meaneth all that space from the Ribs to the Guts and the parts contemed in it Also Hipp. 4. de morb Mulierum mentions a Dropsie coming from the Spleen To which places of Hippocrates they usually answer thus That the Liver is alwaies affected either primarily or secondarily so that there is never a Dropsie before there is a hinderance of Sanguification or breeding of Blood But two Reasons do strongly oppose this Doctrine The first is from the Experience before mentioned namely That if the Liver ought necessarily to suffer in the producing of a Dropsie it would never be found free and unknit in the Dissection of a dead Body The second is That if the Liver should breed watery Blood it would be sent into the whol Body as in Anasarca nor can a sufficient reason be given why that serous Humor bred in the Liver should be sent to the Belly and not to other parts As for the cold distemper of the Liver that is denied by Trallianus Avicenna and others who affirm that a Dropsie may arise from a hot distemper of the Liver and cannot be cured but by cooling means And this may be maintained by the Authority of Hippocrates in 2. Progn A Dropsie saith he coming after an acute disease is evil for it doth not take away the Feaver If therefore a Dropsie may come while the Feaver is it is cleer that there is still a hot distemper Neither could that ever please me which is usually spoken by Galens Servants That the Native heat is dissolved by a hot distemper and much diminished and that diminished heat may be called cold For so in a Hectick Feaver and other constant Feavers in which the Natural Heat is much diminished we should alwaies blame a cold distemper and the Symptomes which follow should be impured to cold and not to heat From whence who doth not perceive that there would arise a great consusion in the searching into the Causes of Symptomes Among the late Writers Carotus Piso whom Sennertus followed hath dived most deep into the true Causes of Ascites which he affirms to come from a serous Matter contained in the Meat and Drink which by reason of some preternatural Cause is stayed too long in the Gate and Hollow Veins not sent into the Body as in a Natural state and condition it useth to be but into the capacity of the Abdomen This serous Humor is retained in the Veins from the whol Body by reason the attractive faculty of the Parts to which it should be carried is either hurt or hindered Now the chief parts which draw the serous Matter are the Liver and the Spleen For they attract the Chylous Matter in which the moisture of Meat and Drink is contained As also the Spleen draws Drink to its self pure and without mixture as Hippocrates taught and Experience confirms That they who drink much after Meat do presently avoid it by Urine which learned Authors say is by reason the Spleen sucks the watery Matter before there is a perfect Concoction made in the Stomach The Attraction or drawing quality of the Liver and Spleen is lost chiefly by defect and weakness of Natural Heat the Natural heat is debilitated by a cold or hot distemper or by Suffocation A cold distemper coming either from too cold a Diet from loss of too much Blood and Spirits or any other Cause doth destroy the Natural Heat of the Liver and Spleen and so hinder their Actions A hot Distemper doth disperse the Native Heat whence being made weaker the Liver and the Spleen become less Active This comes from Feavers much Wine or hot Meats Lastly The Natural Heat is weakned by Suffocation when there is too much Blood in the Veins especially if it be foul as when the Terms of Hemorrhoids are stopt by which the blood was clensed formerly but now by stoppage corrupted Also the Attraction or drawing vertue of those parts is hindered by Obstructions which hinder the free passage of the serous Matter So a Dropsie followeth a Scirrhus of the Liver and Spleen not only because those parts being weakened cannot produce good Blood but especially because they are not able to attract and send to other parts whatsoever is drunk Here it may be objected That in a Dropsie the whol Body is nourished by Blood bred in the Liver of a Chylous Matter which it draweth to it self We answer That the Liver doth better attract that which is most familiar unto its self and most sit to be made blood but it draweth to it less than is sufficient by reason of the weakness of the attractive faculty Hence it is that the Body grows lean because it draws some water along with the Chylus and leaves the rest in the Meseraick Veins and the Veins of the lower Belly which is by degrees carried into the Capacity of the Abdomen We do not deny that Sanguisication or making of Blood is hindered in a Dropsie especially when the distemper is very cold or very hot or the Obstruction or Scirrhus great for then there cannot be a perfect making of blood But we deny that that is the next and immediate Cause of a Dropsie but rather an effect thereof when the Water corrupted in the Abdomen doth also corrupt the Bowels that swim therein Next to the Liver and the Spleen the Reins do attract the watery Matter which is in the hollow Vein and free the whol body from the superfluity thereof so that if at any time they do not their office there remains much matter in the veins which being sent to the Abdomen do quickly make an Ascites now the attraction of the Veins may cease for divers Causes because of a Cold Distemper Tumors Ulcers and Obstructions which wil Diminish Abolish and intercept their Function Lastly The distribution of Water is hindered from some external Cause as when much cold Water is drunk
which Nature cannot govern nor sufficiently distribute into the Veins So Carolus Piso reports of a yong man that had a Tertian Ague and drinking Water exceedingly in his Fit fel into an Ascites from which by the taking of one Lozenge of Diacarthamum he was Cured by discharging the Water which was in the Abdomen but if he had continued drinking so much water any louger he had not been so easily Cured because it would have brought great obstructions and a cold distemper of the Bowels by reason of the loss of natural heat But it is questioned of many by what wayes that serous matter should be carried by the Veins into the Capacity of the Abdomen to whom we may plainly answer by saying from Hippocrates that in a living body al things are passing to and fro so that in time of necessity not only thin and serous Matter but also that which is very thick may be sent through the insensible passages So in a Pleurisie blood and matter wil pierce through the thick substance of the Pleura and Membrane which covers the Lungs and be spit forth at the mouth So in a Fracture of the Leg or Thigh which hapens without hurt to the Muscles and Skin the matter which floweth from the broken bone pierceth through the substance of the other parts and wets the boulsters and rowlers So also in a Dropsie often times a great quantity of Water is vented in one day by giving of Quicksilver which cannot be except the Water conteined in the Abdomen do pass through the Tunicles of the Guts Nor is the Objection of Fernelius of any force when he saith that Nature had in vain made so many open wayes if the Humors can pass through those invisible passages For we Answer That in an ordinary and natural motion of Humors ordained for the nourishment of the whol body those passages are necessary through which they may easily flow but in an extraordinary case provident Nature doth find out extraordinary wayes by which she may cast out hurtful Matter or at least send it to a place less dangerous Fernelius Objects again That in them who have died by a stoppage of Urine for twenty dayes together it was never perceived that any Water went through those blind passages We Answer That Nature doth not alwayes work the same way in preternatural Causes nor send hurtful Humors to the same places but especially to those parts which are more disposed to receive them through weakness So in the Suppression or Stoppage of Urine the Serous Humor flowes openly through the Veins and Arteries and fils them and if it find any part weaker than the rest it falls forceably upon it hence it is that some die of the hurt of one or other remarkable part So nothing hinders if the parts of the Abdomen in which the Veins and Arteries end be grown weak but that the Watery Humor may be sent into its capacity or hollowness Nor is that true which Fernelius would infer namely That a Dropsie never comes from suppression of Urine for Reason and Experience teacheth the contrary as we shewed afore in the Discourse of the Loss of Attraction in the Reins but you must observe that the Stoppage of the Urine doth make an increase of Water rather in the branches of the hollow Vein then of the Gate Vein or Vena Porta by which the watery Humor chiefly flows into the capacity of the Abdomen as appears by what followeth Therfore we may Answer this Question by saying That the water got into the hollow of the Abdomen by the insensible passages though there are also other manifest wayes by which it may pass Hippocrates Aph. 55. Sect. 7. hath shewed them for saith he they who have much Water about the Liver if it get into the Omentum or Kels their belly will be filled with Water and then they die The meaning of which Aphorism is though Galen did not plainly see it that the Water from the Liver doth flow into the Branches of the Vena Porta which go to the Omentum and when they are filled either by their Tunicles made thin by Diapedesis or Rarefaction or by the mouths of the Vessels being opened by Anastomosis the Water gets into the Cavity of the Abdomen This happens often in the Spleen also when it draws Water in abundance from the Stomach as appears by many sayings of Hippocrates and in lib. 4. de morbis he saith That Water may press from the Spleen to the Omentum or Kell in these words Drink is also carried into the Stomach with which when it is filled the Spleen takes it from thence and sends it to the Veins and the Omentum From which we may perceive That Water chiefly gets into the Abdomen by the Veins of the Omentum which are called Epiploicae and Gastrepiploicae although it may pass also through their Veins Besides the aforesaid Causes of a Dropsie which are more ordinary there are mentioned by Authors some less usual confirmed by Observation and these come from the disorder of some peculiar part not only of the Liver and Spleen but also of the Mesentery Sweet-bread Stomach Guts Reins Bladder and Womb namely when the Homiosis or faculty to convert nourishment into themselves is hurt from sâ—me great Disease so that their proper nourishment is corrupted and turned into Water So Galen Comment Aph. 55. Sect. 7. saith that watery Bladders are somtimes in the out-side of the Liver which being broken send Water downwards into the Cavity of the Abdomen the encrease whereof breeds a Dropsie Fernelius supposeth that the Liver being very dry hath clefts like the parched Earth and that through them there flows a constant Water which fills the Cavity of the Abdomen Others say that a Dropsie may come from the Guts if they be perforated or pierced through and yet the Patient dieth not presently but a watery Humor still flows through them into the Cavity It comes also from the Kidneys if they be much Ulcerated and water flow from them So Platerus reports of one that in a Dropsie had many Ulcers in both Kidneys from whence both matter and water flowed into the Cavity There is also a Story in Sennertus taken out of John Heinzius of a certain Woman who had a Dropsie from the distemper of the Womb whose Bowels were all sound except the Testicles or Stones which were found to be swollen as big as the Head of a new-born Child being blew hollow and full of Ulcers from which there came a serous Matter which caused the Dropsie The Dropsie called Tympanites hath its name from Tympanum a Drum because the Abdomen is stretched out like a Drum and if you strike it with your hand it sounds like it This stretching comes from wind shut up in the Cavity of the Abdomen But somtimes this wind is in the Cavity of the Guts which Platerus observed saying in some that have been thought to die of a Tympany after they were opened have
heat of the Patient should be wholly extinguished And therefore it is only good when an Hectick is feared or in the beginning thereof and to such as are accustomed thereunto and while the Body is yet sufficiently ful of blood Motion of the Body is not good but the Patient must be enjoyned to rest howbeit before Meat if strength wil bear it some light exercise wil be good or instead thereof a few light frictions or rubbings may serve turn especially presently after sleep beginning at the inferior parts of the Body for they provoke the Humors outward And the Patient must be rubbed no longer than til a light redness begin to appear upon the Skin for to rub longer would dry the Body Carnal Embracements must be above al things avoided which do very much consume the substance of the Body Let the Patient sleep neither very long nor very little For long sleep encreaseth the heat of the Bowels by the retiring of the Natural warmth inwards too short sleep dries the body more But there is less inconvenience from sleeping a little over largely than too scantily because sleep doth exceedingly moisten which in this Feaver is very much to be desired Let the Patient sleep in a soft bed and that a Flock-bed not a Feather-bed and large enough Let the Patients Linnen be often changed which must be sprinkled with Rose-Water before they be put on If there be Costiveness the Belly must be provoked with a Suppository or a Clyster of Chicken Broth with Barley Mallows and Violet Leaves boyled in it adding Cassia Honey of Roses Butter and the Yolks of Eggs. Finally The Mind must be preserved in peace and cheerfulness avoiding vehement Perturbations as Anger Sadness Fear As for point of Medicaments fit for Hectick Persons they are Internal or External Among Internal in the first place Purgers must be considered and because addition is more necessary than detraction in this Disease Purgers can hardly be convenient unless a putrid Feaver be joyned with the Hectick Yet if the first Region of the Body seem filled with Excrements because of Crudities arising from a weak Stomach Purgation may safely be used with Cassia Manna or Syrup of Roses Nay verily if strength be not deficient the Infusion of Rhubarb may be given with a Decoction of Prunes Tamarinds Myrobalans Bugloss and Violets But Altering Medicines may be reduced into the form of Juleps Broths and Emulsions after this manner Take Waters of Endive Lettice Sorrel of each four ounces Syrup of Violets Water Lillies Apples of each one ounce Mix all into a Julep for three Doses to be taken at several times in one day and to be continued for divers daies together Or Take Whol Barley one pugil Leaves of Endive Cichory Lettice Pimpernel of each one handful Flowers of Borrage Bugloss Violets and Water-lillies of each one Pugil Damask Prunes three pair Boyl all to a pint and an half In the strained Liquor dissolve simple Syrup of Cichory and of Water-lillies of each two ounces Make of all a Julep for four Doses Of the same Simples with a Chicken or a Pullet may be made a Broth for the same use Or Take Roots of China one dram and an half Entire Barley two pugils the four greater cool Seeds half an ounce Beat all together and therewith fill the Belly of a Capon or yong Pullet and make Broth to which add Sugar of Roses half an ounce Let the Patient take of this broth a long time together It restores flesh and fatness Take sweet Almonds blanched and infused in cold Water one ounce the four greater cool Seeds and of white Poppy seeds of each one dram Beat all together in a marble mortar powring on by little and little a pint of barley Water In the strained Liquor dissolve Sugar Cakes made 〈◊〉 Pearl four ounces Make hereof an Almond Milk for three Doses If we be minded more powerfully to cool we must add to every Dose of the Julep or Emulâ—â—â—â— two scruples or one dram of Sal prunella In the use of Refrigerating things this is to be observed That we use not the more 〈…〉 of a sudden or frequently for they might extinguish a weak heat But it is better to 〈…〉 and little than suddenly And Moisteners are alwaies safer than Coolers because they exercâ—â—◠〈◊〉 Operations slowly While the foresaid Remedies are using we must be careful to strengthen the Bowels by a câ—â—â—â—nient Opiate which may be made after this manner Take Conserve of the flowers of Borrage Bugloss and Violets of each one ounce Conserve of the flowers of Water-lilly half an ounce Pouder of the Electuary Diamargaritum frigidum four scruples Shavings of Ivory Bones found in hearts of Stags of each half a dram Pearls prepared and Coral prepared of each one scruple three Leaves of Beaten Gold With Syrup of Apples make of all an Electuary In extream consumption of the Flesh nourishing Clysters are frequently to be injected of the Broth of a Chicken or Weathers Head with Sugar and the Yolks of Eggs. But their Quantity must be smal or else compressing the Guts they wil provoke the Expulsive Faculty to drive them out But among other Medicines most convenient for Hectical Persons Milk is a principal one it being endued with all the qualities which can desired in this Disease namely of cooling and mostening it nourisheth much and is easily distributed into all parts of the Body In the use whereof the same Cautions must be observed which were set down in the Cure of a Consumption Among External Remedies a Bath of fresh Water is principal for it powerfully cools and moistens and relaxeth the external Parts that they may more readily receive Nourishment Among the Ancients the use of Baths was most frequent and there were four parts of the bathing place In the first somwhat warm they put off their Cloaths In the second there was a bathing Vessel of hot Water In the third a bathing Vessel of cold Water In the fourth the Sweatiness and Moisture was dried off Galen in 10. Meth. Chap. 19. doth thus moderate the use of these parts of the Bath That the Patients should be brought into the first part of the Bath which was heated with the vapor of the bath that the pores of their bodies might be opened then being anointed with fresh sweet Oyl they were to be plunged in the hot Water to moisten their bodies and then they were of a sudden to be thrown into the cold Water quickly to be taken out again and to be dried and anointed with Oyl that the pores being closed the moisture may be received from the hot bath might be retained But inasmuch as the Industrious Diligence of the Ancients in the use of bathing is long since out of use and our Practitioners have likewise left this Method of bathing Hectical persons which they judg unsafe seeing it is to be feared lest by the sudden receiving of the cold Water the Patients Body should be hurt and
bin used a day or two we must come to derivers among which is reckoned a vesicatory applied to the Neck of which before whereunto must be added blood-letting from the forehead vein to the quantity of five or six ounces which is very successful provided blood was before sufficiently taken from the veins of the Arm. Also horseleeches may be fastened behind the Eares which is a good remedy but less effectual than the former because by leeches the thinner part only of the blood is drawn away whereas by the forehead vein sometimes in a phrensie more corrupt blood is drawn away whereas by the Arm. At length in the state of a Phrensie or at the beginning of the declination resolvers are to be applied especially liveing Creatures and their Parts as the Lunges of a wether which is better than young prdgeons or whelpes because it doth safely encompass the whol Head Now these Animals do partly resove evil humors contained in the brain and partly ripen and digest them that Nature may afterward more easily expel them Some do unadvisedly apply them in the beginning of a phrensie because by encreasing the Heat they encrease the Flux of Humors to the Brain and encrease the Raving In the Inflamation Dryness and Blackness of the Tongue Remedies propounded in the aforesaid place are convenient especially such as are composed of Water or the Juyce of Housleek and Sal prunellae Whereunto this following of Mindereus may be added because Experience hath taught that it is very effectual Take fresh butter washed in Rose-water two ounces Sal prunelloe half a dram Mix them and keep the mixture in cold Water Give the quantity of an Hastifer or bean oftentimes in a day and let the Patients hold it as long in their Mouths as they can possibly It is a sign that the Cure goes wel forward if the black Sootiness go away and the dry chopped Tongue begin to grow moist and pselings come away and the dry chopped Tongue begin to grow cough up the peelings of their Throats But then their palate is pained and that very thin Skin where with it is covered can hardly bear any thing in regard of its tenderness but it s offended with every light tartness and the least Acrimony imaginable because the former Inflamation having left it in divers parts Flaid it must be covered with new Skin and so it requires to be perfectly cooled and healed To this purpose the following Gelly wil be most convenient Take Seeds of Flea-bane and Quinces of each one dram and an half Gum Tragacanth one dram With Water of Roses draw out a liquid Mucilage whereunto ad the like quantity of Syrup of Violets Make it in manner of a Gelly of which let the patients take often in a Spoon and hold it long in their Mouth Warm Milk does mitigate the pain Caused by Gargarismes tempers the Inflamation moistens the Tongue and Throat and attracts the Venom to it These following Pills may conveniently be used Take Seeds of Cucumbers picked and bruised one ounce White of an Egg as much as shall susfice Make Pills which let the Patients often hold in their mouths Or Take Seeds of Gourds and Melones clensed and of white Poppy of each one dram Liquoris and Gum Tragaganth of each one dram and an half Beat all to pouder and with the Mucilage of Quince Seeds drawn with Rose-water make Pills to be held in the mouth And because this Inflamation Dryness and Blackness of the Tongue proceeds from the burning that is within Juleps very Refrigerating are good to cool the same unto which may be added Sal prunellae and Spirit of Vitriol Also they may be mingled with the Patients ordinary drink The Cure of extremity of Thirst was sufficiently propounded in the aforesaid place But in a malignant Feaver it will be happily extinguished with these two Medicines newly commended viz. with Sal Prunellae and Spirit of Vitriol taken in Juleps and in the ordinary drink of the Patient Want of Appetite Stomach-sickness Vomiting and Hiccuping must be cured according to the Method delivered in the aforesaid Chapter Yet we shall ad one thing touching vomiting that it doth somtimes so vex those that have malignant Feavers that they presently vomit what ever they take and though they have Thirst with Dryness and Blackness of Tongue yet can they bear no kind of Liquor or drink but vomit all their Juleps Emulsions Ptisans and their smal Beer presently after they have drunk them This most grievous Symptom is suddenly cured as it were by a miracle with a dram of Salt of Wormwood given in a spoonful of fresh Juyce of Lemmons as I have learnt by Experience A Loosness is very frequent in this Disease and herein the wisdom of the Physitian is very necessary For if it be unseasonably stopped the venemous Matter is kept within And if it be let alone it weakens the Patients and many times brings them to their deaths In the Cure of this Loosness we must therefore thus proceed If it be so moderate that it weaken not the Patient it must not be stopt but only moderated by Strengthening Clysters But if it be immoderate and do very much weaken the Patient it is wont to be a melting Loosness that Thawes the Patient as it were away and must be boldly stopped which new Treacle to the quantity of half a dram or Laudanum Opiatum to the quantity of two or three grains will effectually perform Yet I have often seen a pernicious Flux which threatned to kill the Patient stopped as it were in a Moment by giving of powerful Diaphoreticks in a great Dose which did expel by the Skin that venemous Matter which by vexing and grating upon the Guts and other Bowels did cause such a melting and consuming Loosness Worms do very often vex those that have these Feavers and are plentifully bred by the great putrefaction of the Humors These are conveniently drawn away by sweet Clysters and by potions against the Worms especially such as are made of a Decoction of Seordium For Scordium is equally good against the malignity and the Worms And to temper the heat thereof it must be boiled with Purslain Sorrel and Harts-horn Also burnt Harts-horn is profitably boiled against the Worms For Forestus in the fourth Observ of his sixth Book that no Remedy did so much good to such as having a malignant Feaver were troubled with Worms and a Loosness as burnt Harts-horn given to the quantity of a dram in convenient Juleps When the malignant and venemous Quality bears great sway in these Feavers that they come neer the Nature of the true Pest in such Patients there are commonly risings behind their Ears and Carbuncles Wherefore we will here subjoyn their Cure In the beginning of a Parotis or Rising neer the Ear as soon as it begins to appear the Part recipient must be relaxed and widened as it were and if the swelling rise but slowly the motion of Nature endeavoring to expel
the morbifick matter that way must be assisted by applying drawing things to the swelling and by giving Antidotes and Diaphoreticks To relax the Part make an Injection of Oyntment of Marsh-mallows and lay on afterwards moist Wool which is greasie from the Sheep Attraction may be caused by applying Whelps or yong Pigeons by which also the pain will be mitigated Plaisters made of Leven Figs Onions Doves-dung adding thereto butter Hens-grease fresh Hogs-grease and Oyl of Lillies or sweet Almonds If by these Attractives the Part be over-heated and the pain be too much encreased they may be omitted by fits laying on in the mean time the Cataplasm made of the Crum of White-bread or nointing with the aforesaid Oyls being laid on with unwasht Wool or with Oyntment of Marsh-mallows as was said before And because the part is not sufficiently capable to receive the morbifick matter to derive another way a portion thereof a veficatory must be applied to the hinder part of the Neck and also the Diaphoretick formerly cited must frequently be given The Matter being called forth into the external parts let Suppuration be endeavored by laying on a Cataplasm made of the Roots of Marsh-mallows and of Lillies with Figs Meal of Linseeds and the Oyls and several sorts of Grease aforesaid When Suppuration is made let the Tumor be opened let the rest of the Matter be digested by continuing the Cataplasm or by laying on a Plaister of Diachylon Let the Ulcer be clensed with that common Digestive made of Turpentine Yolks of Egs and Oyl of Roses Let the Ulcer be kept long open with a Tent that all the Venom of the Disease may sufficiently be purged out and at last heal it up and Cicatrize it Yet this oue thing is to be observed That if the Tumor doth so encrease as to cause danger of Suffocation or Choaking it must be opened before it be perfectly ripe For so some portion of the matter being drawn â—orth the Tumor will fall somwhat and the danger of Suffocation will be avoided In like manner If the malignity be very intense that the Patient seems likely to miscarry before the Tumor be ripe then also it must be opened before its due time that the force of the Venom may expire whence oftentimes the Patient recovers And upon this Account in the Pest the Buboes or swellings in the Groin are wont to be opened before they come to Suppuration Finally It were a Wickedness to pass over in silence a rare Experiment which happened to me in that same Epidemick Feaver which cruelly raged and ranged at Montpelier in the year 1623. So that neer half of those that were sick died of the Disease But especially So many as had swellings by the Ears which was wont to happen about the ninth or eleventh day of the Disease they al died within two daies after there preceding or happening at the same time Raving Stupidity Convulsions with an unequal frequent and very small Pulse as it were the creeping Pismire-Pulse And after I had seen divers in this condition who could not be helpt by Antidotes or by drawing things laid to the swelling musing with my self it by any means possible they might be delivered from so certain destruction I began at last to think that therefore these swellings proved to fatal because the Part in which they happened was not capable to receive all the Morbifick Matter which being retained within kills the Patient and that therefore the work of Nature being only begun in those swellings might be supplyed by evacuations viz. Blood-letting and purgation whenas also Galen in his 3. de Comp. Medic. Secund. Loca Cap. de Parotidibus In the Cure of these swellings prescribes Blood-letting But this advice was contradicted by the extream weakness of the Patients which was so great that they seemed to be even now in the pains of death which also it self soon followed But Galen in the forecited place when He prescribes Blood-letting in the Cure of such Tumors does propound two conditions viz. If blood abound and the strength of the Patient will bear bleeding Both which Conditions were absent in these Cases for blood had been before sufficiently drawn both by repeated Phlebotomies and Cupping-glasses Also the Patients were extreamly decaied in their strength Weighing all these things with my self I conceived that golden saying of Cornelius Celsus was in this Case if ever seasonable viz. That many things are done rightly in time of eminent danger which were otherwise to be omitted And that its better to Experiment a doubtful Remedy in one or two persons than to leave so many persons to undoubted Destruction I was also encouraged by conceiving that this great weakness of the Patients was rather from oppression of the Morbifick Matter than dissipation or dissolution of their strength For therefore their strength did suddenly decay because Nature was not able to cast off her heavy burthen and I hoped when that burthen was made lighter she would be freed Add hereunto That bleeding might be so ordered that no danger should be feared therfrom viz. If two or three ounces only were taken away at first for tryall sake and if the success were good a greater quantity might be taken away afterward I resolved therefore upon this course And a Merchant of Montpelier named Bernardier being the first I met with and a tumor arose behind his left ear on the eleventh day of the disease with such a puls other symptoms as aforesaid I prescribed bleeding to the quantity of three ounces which the Chyrurgion being an Antient and experienced man refused to do for fear the patient should dy under his hands afterwards being emboldened by my presence authority he took away three ounces of Blood after three or four houres I visit my patient again find his puls a little stronger not so unequal then I caused him to bleed six ounces after which his puls was beter and stronger The Blood was very corrupt The day following I prescribed him a Purg of Senna Rhubarb and syrup of Roses and so the patient was recovered from the jaws of death And afterwards all the sick that had usings behind their ears first I Bled severall times a little at a time and the day following Purged them and so all of them to God be the Honor and Praise so many as were thus ordered happily recovered and never any afterwards that had those risings behind their ears died in the whol year Howb it it is to be noted which we hinted in the prognosis that the swelling doth often appear critically and profitably and thereby the sick are recovered of their diseases viz So oft as they appear in the declination of the disease and this is easily seen by the abatement of the symptoms which follow upon the risings and such are wont to happen in Feavers of less malignity But in the time aforesaid such was the malignity of the epidemical Feaver that the tumors behind the Ears would