three things he is most expert in his Art to wit to select prepare and compound Medicaments now Election denotes knowledge for no man can well select and discerne this good from that evill unlesse he have known both preparation also presupposes an industrious artificer who being long exercised in the Art doth correct and amend maligne simples many wayes as by fire water and his hand making the good better and weak stronger and of more vertue And there is no composition without election and preparation for a confusion of many simples together is no composition Therefore to elect Medicaments Delectus quid should be an Apothecaryes first duty and imployment which choise is thus defined Election is a separation and distinction of that which is evill from that which good of the noxious from the innoxious and of the maligne from the benigne Benignum Medicamentum quid Malignum Now that is a benigne purging medicament which purges gently and looses the belly calmely as Cassia Manna Tamarinds and Rhabarbe and that is a maligne and unwhole some medicament which purges by a violent traction and disturbes our bodyes by reason of that adverse essence it hath to our natures This malignant medicament is twofold Medicamentum malignum quotuplex the one totally so to wit whose universal genus is violent and unruly of what sort soever it be or whence soever it is taken as Euphorbium Laurel Antimony The other in some species or by accident in some individual of its genus which hath revolted and degenerated from its proper nature as black Agarick black Turbit Colocynth only in the Plant or of one plant in the field Mesue onely in Plants or of the Aple-trees in the field because it is believed to take away all bitternes and malignity of the field and plants But we ought to abstain from both these kinds of malignant purges unlesse in some great affections Quando malignis purgantibus â—â—cat uti in which gentle little or nothing profit for then a skilfull Physician may use malign medicaments duely prepared because even poysons are salutary in some diseases as Vipers flesh to the Leprosy Scorpions flesh to wounds made by themselves made doggs blood to them that are bitten by a mad-dogg whence is that Proverb Those that are wounded by Scorpions seek remedy from the same We must also abstain from benigne purges unlesse they be rightly in a just quantity and seasonably administred and also exhibited to such as they may profit for Hippocrates saith Aphoris 14. lib. 4. Quando à binignis abstinendum that a purging medicament is noxious to them that have their health according to that Matth. 9. The whole need not a Physician CHAP. XVI Whence the Election of purging Medicaments may be taken THe Election of a purging Medicament is made from its essence Essentia medicamenti quid nature and faculties we call the essence of every Medicament that very state which arises from its matter and forme or that all which is seen or consisteth absolutely in a Medicament without any preparation And we call the faculty of a Medicament that very vertue it doth Facultas medicamenti quid or can exercise in our bodies Now the substance first qualities or temperament second qualities ensuing the temper and the disposition externally acquired shew the good or ill essence of a Medicament Substantiae medicamentorum now we understand by the name substance the commoderation and consistency of the matter which flowes from the proportionable mixture of the Elements whence some are said to be heavy or light others dense or rare others grosse or subtill others clammy or friable from which differencies a certain disposition and proper faculty is ingendred whereby we may distinguish betwixt the good and evill in the same genus In the second place Election may be made from the prime qualityes that is from the Temperament Temperamenti quot differentiae of which there are eight different kinds hot cold moist dry which are called simple qualities and as many compound hot and moist hot and dry cold and moist cold and dry to which may be added the mean temperament in which consists the nature of man from which flow divers other temperatures some in one some in two some in three and some in four degrees and therefore the excesse of severall degrees is distinguished Thirdly the Election is taken from the second qualities Secundae qualitates quot differentiis includuntur which especially differ in four kinds for some are tangible others odorable others gustable and others visible audible qualities are omitted because no certain election can be made by them Now those are rangible qualities which can be discerned by the judgment of the touch some whereof are the properties of the Elements to wit in which the first qualities hot cold moist and dry are discerned by the touch others arise from the temperament and are called second qualities by whose means the Medicament is heavy or light hard or soft clammy or friable sharp or smooth as above Fourthly Odor quid Medicaments may be selected from their odour which is a certain vaporous substance proceeding from an odorable matter which brought into the nostrills moves the sence of smelling and there are as many kinds of them as sapors for odors concord with sapours in proportion and for the most part borrow their demonstrations from them yet are not the species of odours so distinct as them of sapours because the sense of smelling in men is very dull hence it is that there are a thousand kinds of odours that want proper names and therfore all odorables are generally distinguished into well smelling and ill smelling things Fiftly the judgement in Election may be guided by the Taste of Medicaments Sapor quid Sapores quet and that more surely than by Odours because there are more distinct species of sapors than of Odours lib. 4. simpl Med. Gal. cap. 21. for sapour is a quality that may be perceived by the sense of Tasting whereof there be nine different species three whereof flow from over-powering calidity in a substance grosse or subtill to wit sharpe bitter salt three from exuperant frigidity sowre austere unpleasant and three from moderate heat pleasant fat unsavory Selectio medicamentorum à dispositione extrinseca the last whereof inclines to frigidity pleasant fat to heat Sixtly Medicaments may be selected by a disposition extrinsecally acquired which arises from the season or place Gal. cap. 2. lib. 4. Mesue addes Magnitude Parvitude and Number for by these the quality of the Medicament is of more or lesse force A certain and universall rule cannot be given concerning the temper and choise of Medicaments by their colour and sound that thereby the benigne may be discerned from the malignant for seeing all benignity and malignity of Medicaments consists in the substance temperament and faculties cold moist hot and dry are found
time the virtue of purging Medicaments is better and more valid seeing some are better new than old others on the contrary and others in their middle age Quando recentia meliora Now that this dignotion may be certain and that the election may be good it ought to be taken from certain differences of sapours and from the variety of the substance whereby we judge some new to be better than old Medicaments as styptick and bitter which being ill from their imbred siccity become worse by age because siccity increases in these by time but being new they have humidity which tempers the excess of heat and siccity Those also that have but weak virtue as the flowers of Violets Borrage purple colour'd Lilly Bugloss Rosemary or those whose virtue is posited in the superficies and therefore easily resoluble because of the rarity of the substance are better new than old as almost all Flowers especially those whose odour quickly fails On the contrary Quando vetusta meliora some old ones are better than new especially sharp Medicaments which are of thin parts because the fiery heat posited in the superficies which causes their biting and burning by age expires And what Acrimony remains within in time waxes mild and is broken as Galen speaks of Eupherbium cap. 2. lib. 3. de comp med gen In Onions and Garlick the case is otherwise for their Acrimony proceeds from heat conjoyned with humidity which taken away they are more sharp and therefore better new Secondly those whose virtue is valid from the temperament and hardly resoluble for the density of their substance not posited in the superficies but shut within are better old than new for all excrementitious and superfluous humidity is absumed in these by time and their natural humidity remains because of their density Many are best in their middle age Qua media atate meliora first sweet secondly unsavoury thirdly salt Medicaments Sweet because these newly gathered are flatulent by reason of their superfluous humidity undigested and being old they are bitter Unsavoury Medicaments also being new abound with superfluous humours whereby they are flatulent and loathed being old they are dead and useless Salt Medicaments lastly ought neither to be too old nor too new for being too old by reason of their ficcity increased and their humidity absumed they are bitter and sharp and being new by reason of superfluous humidity they trouble and subvert the ventricle Now they are antient or new naturally Vetustum recens non omnibus â—quum from a like number of dayes months or years Whence an equal age or newness cannot be given to all because all do not endure altogether the same number of dayes but some grow old sooner and some later CHAP. XXI What election of purging Medicaments may be made from the place A Good purging Medicament may be discerned from an ill one by the place and that either from the native place where Plants grow or from another place near to or remote from the Plant or from a place near to or remote from the Sun or from a place exposed to its heat or obtenebrated and hindred of its heat Neither is it of small moment to know the place from whence the Plant sprung up because from thence together with its Aliment it partook of such virtue as Nature had imparted to that place Gal. cap. 1. lib. 3. de sympt caus For a Tree transferred from Persia into Numidia and Egypt doth not onely depose its malign quality but conveyed to us is wholsome and may bring forth gratefull and wholsome Fruits Now the place in which Plants and Medicaments taken from Plants grow is either hollow and polluted with dung clay and other naughty vapours or free from all strong smelling inquinations or hot or cold moyst or dry In the free place which admits of no heap or filth of dunghils Cloacarum soetor ac putredo plantas insalubres reddit Medicamental Plants as also Nutritive acquire the property due and convenient to their nature while by an attractive faculty they draw the humour familiar to them out of the earth and convert it to their nutriment as those that are nourished with sweet attract sweet humours bitter bitter humours and such as are nourished by salt and nitrous humours attract salt and nitrous humours But in a place not free but inquinated as the suburban Gardens Hortorum suburbanorum insalubria olerâ— which smell more of smoke and dung than earth otherwise unapt to nourish Melons and Cucumbers do not acquire the property due to their kinde and nature but to the mixture of dung and other things and therefore Melons Lettices and other herbs growing in such putrid places are more unwholsome and all Medicaments that grow in a free place better and therefore the rather to be chosen Now those that are hot immoderately sprung in too hot a place Calida loco calido naâ—a qualia are worse as also cold in too cold a place for the similitude of the place to the Plants intendeth and increaseth their quality and malignity diffimilitude tempers and represses them Whence those that abound with excrementitious humidity grow and are nourished in most humid places as Turbith Hermodactyls Polypody because through the humidity of the ground siccity and acrimony are retunded as it is known from Bartram or Pelitory Water-pepper and others The vicinity also and society of one Plant to another makes the quality sometimes better and sometimes worse and is not to be rejected in the election of Medicaments Lupines makes the Vine better which if they be sown besides it causeth it to bring forth sweet clusters The Radish root also makes Hermodactyls better The Epithymus that grows about Thyme is good that which is gathered about Basil is naught Polypody of the Oak is very good that which is gathered off old walls is naught The tree Cassia alone in the field is not worth a Pease cod We have before to wit in the 8. Chapter shewed the contrary of Colocynthis for some become better by vicinity and number others worse Now from a subsolar place or from a place nearer to or more remote from the Sun or Stars some are better or worse so the Oriental Senny Illyrium and Florentine Flower-de-luce the Spanish Angelica the Cretian Thyme the Judaical Bitumen the Ethiopian Cummin the Macedonian Parsley the Mompelian Maidenhair the Arabian Cotten weed or Staechades the Thebane Poppy the Scythian Amomum the Chian Mastick the Damascen Prune the Calabrian Manna the Rhabarb that is the root of Barbary those Oranges that are brought out of France are judged best because of the property of the earth and the virtue of the celestial cause But there can be little judgement given from the aspect and vicinity of the Sun and Stars and the selection of the malignant from the benign thereby is not safe because we can hardly know from what place every Medicament comes or whether they
Bay-berries which give the name the leaves of Rue Origanum and wilde Mint make up a Basis it admits of many hot and inciding seeds to attenuate viscid humours califie frigid humours and dissipate flatulency of Gummes to deterge and discuss and of Honey to receive and conserve the Powders and to make the compound more efficacious and pleasant The Gummes being few and prescribed in small quantity need not be solved in any liquor but minutely incided and pulverated with the rest then all received together in despumed Honey whilst yet hot and coacted into the form of an Opiate It cures the cholical dolour arising from crude humours and flatulency Vires the tympany turbulency in the guts belching and helps cold natures CHAP. 5. Antidotus Diasatyriâ—on or An Antidote exciting Venery â„ž of Satyrion roots fresh and succulent â„¥ ij the roots of Garden-Carret and Sea-holly Indian Nuts of each â„¥ j. Pine-kernels Pistaches of each â„¥ j. ss Cloves Ginger Anise-seed Rocket-seed Birds-tongue commonly called Ashton-keyes of eachÊ’ v. the loyns of Scinci the seed of Bulbus or Nettle of eachÊ’ ij ss Mosch gr vij Honey despumed in the decoction of the aforesaid roots lb iij. make it into an Opiate The COMMENTARY There are many descriptions hereof of which this is the best most usual and useful but there being many kindes of Satyrion that which hath but one testicle must be selected and that in the beginning of the Spring when it is most succulent Some rather take Parsnips-root then that of Eryngium but I much matter not which for their faculties are affine and I do not so much esteem them as labouring Rusticks who almost daily feed upon them both and yet are no more salacious then before Rocket indeed I value more for that will excite the most slow to Venery though Land-Crocodiles or Scinci do most potently excite thereto the flesh of whose Loyns I prefer before their Tayl. There is some dubitation about Onyon-seed seeing no Medick hath explicitely determined of what sort among so many varieties of Onyons the seed must be therefore I substitute Nettle-seed which is most congruent to that purpose in its stead And it is thus made First the roots must be boyled in sufficient water till they be tabid then they must be baked and transmitted through a hair-sieve then mixed with despumed and cocted Honey and then again fervefied on a slow fire till the aqueous humidity be absumed afterwards the Pine-kernels and Pistack-nuts must be taken and minutely cut and then levigated like the rest the Musk must be brayed apart and last of all confusedly mixed with the Cinamon The old description hath an equal weight of Pistack-nuts and Satyrion whereas the Pistack being insuave and more unapt for the end should be taken in much less quantity Diasatyrion augments the seed stimulates venery Vires erects the Yard excites the languid and drowsie to venery roborates the imbecility of the reins and bladder and augments strength CHAP. 6. Antidotus Analeptica D.F. or The roborative Antidote of D. Fern. â„ž of Rose-leaves Liquorice of eachÊ’ ij gr v. Gumme Arabick Thraganth of eachÊ’ ij and ℈ ij white and red Sanders of each ℈ iiij Juyce of Liquorice Starch the seeds of white Poppy Purslain Lettice and Endive ofÊ’ iij. the four greater cool seeds the seeds of Quinces Mallows Cotton Violets Pistaches Pine-kernels sweet Almonds Pulp of Sebestens Storax Cloves Cinamon shavings of Ivory of eachÊ’ ij Saffron gr v. Penidees â„¥ ss when they are all beaten take the treble quantity of syrupe of Violets to make it into an Electuary The COMMENTARY This Analeptical Antidote or restaurative Electuary as Praepositus calls it is much celebrated by Fernelius in whose description he found nothing to be changed but onely the order of the simples and the grains of Berberries in whose stead he reposed Pistacks Buche omitted Storax which is most commendable and useful in this confection whose manner of preparation is so easie as that it needs not any more declaration It restores lost strength Vires hinders swoundings and syncope resarciates the habit of the body extenuated by long fluxes or other immoderate vacuations It helps and benefits the macilent and consumed by humectating nourishing and roborating them CHAP. 7. Antidotum Asyncritum or The incomparable Antidote of Actuar â„ž MyrrheÊ’ ij and ℈ ij OpiumÊ’ vj. black Pepper the seeds of Smallage Parsley and Mustard of each â„¥ ss SquinantÊ’ ss Amomus the best Storax of eachÊ’ ij * * * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hedychroi Magnatis Ê’ j. and ℈ ij Cassia-Lignea white Pepper the seed of Hartwort of eachÊ’ j. and ℈ j. Honey despumed as much as will suffice The COMMENTARY Actuarius calls this the Asyncrital that is the incomparable Antidote because it hath no equal in excellency Now that it may be made to the Authors minde the Opium must be macerated in sweet Sape till it be of the consistence of Honey the Storax must be diduced in honey wherewith some dry Powders may be commixed We have upon good grounds and much consent substituted vulgar ligneous Cassia or Cane in stead of the Author's Aegyptian Cassia and not Cassia Fistula or the purgative Cane which Actuarius all along calls Black Cassia which is no convenient ingredient in an Antidote This Antidote cures old head-aches Vires mitigates vertiginous and comitial affections takes away too much vigilancy and restrains fury and frenzy it indulges the dolours of the eyes by defluxion helps the tooth-ach difficulty of breathing old coughs the inflammation of the sides both dry and humid it exhausts all the humidity from off the lungs condenses thin spittle and makes it more fit for excretion It is of present help for the stomack astringing its humid laxity it takes away loathsomness and sighing hinders vomitings and so stayes the meat newly ingested solves all inflations of the stomack and belly into ructures cures the Jaundies conduces to melancholy abrogating its sad symptomes removes the gravity of the spleen restores colour to the face dispels obstructions moves urine deturbates sand cures the calamities of the Uterus and cholical dolours and many other affections if what Actuarius hath published of this Opiate be true CHAP. 8. Philonium magnum seu Romanum or The great or Roman Philonium â„ž of white Pepper Cassia Lignea Cinamon of eachÊ’ ij Saffron Euphorbium Pellitory of each â„¥ ss Setwel Spikenard of each ℈ ij Henbane-seed â„¥ ss OpiumÊ’ ij ss Castoreum Myrrhe of eachÊ’ j. ss the seeds of Smallage Fennel Carret Parsley of eachÊ’ j. Honey despumed as much as will suffice to make it into an Opiate The COMMENTARY No Medicament is so doubtful and various as Philonius the Philosopher's Antidote to which it happens as it doth to wine which is poured out of one vessel into another which cannot be without loss for as many as have written of Pharmacy have retained its name but nothing more Galen alone approves of it but withall he saith
places deleates foetid scars takes away the redness of the eyes and cures cutaneous affections CHAP. 26. Unguentum Spleniticum or An Oyntment for the Spleen ℞ Oyl of Capers of Jasmine of each ℥ ix fresh Butter lb ss Juyce of Bryony and Sowbread of each lb ss Gum-Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar ℥ ij of the Powder of the bark of Tamarisk Ashton-keyes Ceterach white Willowseed of each ℥ j. Cumin-seedʒ ij new Wax as much as will suffice to body it into an Unguent The COMMENTARY Many are infested with the tumour of their Spleen others with its induration without any great tumour and others with both all of them have gravity and gripings in their Hypochondria tumours in their left sides difficulty of breathing and prave and plumbeous colours black and turgid veins towards their Spleens inflation of feet and lying on the left side is grievous to them This Unguent adhibited to the regions of their Spleens after general Praesidies will much profit for it is malactical or mollitive resolvative apertive roborative and splenetical whence it hath that name It should not therefore be omitted but seeing its use is salubrious should be kept in Pharmacopolies For its preparation let the Oyls and Butter boyl on a slow fire with the succes till the succes be dissipated then mix dissolved Ammoniack with them then the Powders afterwards the Wax and make an Unguent whereunto adde some Oyl of Spike which by its tenuity will cause better permeation for the rest and emend the Unguents odour CHAP. 27. Unguentum Neapolitanum or The Neapolitan Unguent ℞ of Hogs-suet washed in the Juyce of Sage lb j. Quicksilver killed ℥ iiij Oyl of Bayes Chamomile and Worms of each ℥ ij of Spike ℥ j. ss Aqua-vitae ℥ j. yellow Wax ℥ ij Turpentine washed in the Juyce of Enula-campane ℥ iij. Powder of Ground-pine and Sage of each ℈ ij mingle them The COMMENTARY I wish that Medicks would speak of the venereous disease and its cure without injury to any Nation For many ignorant of its original cause and nature referre it to such from whom they received it whether justly or injustly Hence some call it the Spanish others the Italian and others the French disease But the French being men that will not put up an injury hearing the disease imposed on them which they had rightly called the Indian or Venereous Pox they called both the disease and its remedy Italian because the Italians had wronged them first and sometimes the Indian for the Spaniards brought it first out of India into Italy whence the French taking Neapolis brought home this Neapolitan fruit But to my purpose This Indian Unguent may serve in stead of very many of that name which are unduly confected of Swines-fat and Quicksilver and sometimes a few simples unduly united and kept in many Pharmacopolies whereby the diseased in stead of help gets the Palsey Stupour and Trembling But this we have described consists of many things that hinder such affections that roborate the Nerves extinguish the malign and peccant quality of the humours and resolve the humours propelling many by sputation Some adde Petreol and Euphorbium which being exceeding hot and tenuious may help cold natures but they much harm the bilious and temperate Some also adde Mithridate and the Theriack but we omit them as not alexiterial to this disease but Quicksilver is very efficacious if duly prepared as we have elsewhere demonstrated For the preparation of this Unguent the wax must first be melted on a moderate fire with the Oyls then Aqua-vitae added to them which must be agitated and calefied till the water be exhaled then incorporate them with Quicksilver Fat and Turpentine whereunto adde the Powders and subact all into an Unguent That the Quicksilver may be duly prepared it should first be trajected through a woollen cloth that its plumbago may be segregated then extinguished with jejune and sound spittle for being thus tamed it is fitter for this confection then when extinct in the succe of Henbane and Lemmons though the Grease and Turpentine take away much of its ferity It s malign quality may be very well castigated in the Oyl of Turpentine duly prepared It cures the flux of the mouth or the exputation of virulent humours through the mouth if after purgation the parts be twice or thrice anointed therewith We have neglected many Unguents described in vulgar Antidotaries because their use is either not approved of or disallowed of or their faculties respondent to and contained in these we have described For he that hath the Styptical Unguent or Aregon of Fernelius needs not the Unguent of Comitissa and Arthanita SECT II. Of Cerecloths AS Cerecloths are in the middle betwixt Unguents and Salves so we describe them in the middle They are called Cerata because they admit of Wax as also Ceronea which are now made of such solidity that they differ not from Salves but are taken indiscriminately by Chirurgeons who call such as repose broken or disjoynted bones Ceroneous Salves But Cerata in a more angust acceptation denote an external Medicament aggregated of Oyl Wax the parts of Plants Animals Metals and Minerals to a middle consistence betwixt Unguents and Salves for they admit of more Wax then Unguents and less then Salves Now the proportion of Wax to Oyl in Unguents is of two dragms and an half to one ounce in Cerata of two dragms and a half to an ounce in Salves twice thrice or four times as much Wax as Oyl which proportion varies according to the different mixtion of other Ingredients and the season they are confected in for where there is required much of Powders there must be more where little there less Oyl in Summer also less Oyl is requisite then in Winter so that it is in the perite Artists power to change augment or lessen the quantity of Wax and Oyl and as Cerone is used for an Emplaister so is Ceratum for an Unguent for their preparation commixtion and spissitude are almost one yea a Ceratum is sometimes more liquid then an Unguent CHAP. 1. Ceratum refrigerans Gal. or The cooling Cerate of Galen ℞ of white Wax ℥ j. Oyl of Roses ℥ iiij melt them together and pour on a little coldwater keeping it continually stirring at the last adding Vinegar ℥ ss make it into a Cerate The COMMENTARY There is not amongst all compound and euporistical Medicaments one more frequent or simple then this described and celebrated by Galen which some call an Unguent some Ceratum Album and some Ceratum refrigerans Galeni You may thus make it Divide the wax into pieces melt it in the Oyl of Roses not perfectly explicated take it from the fire and transfuse it into another vessel and when it is cold and moderately concreted affund cold water upon it and agitate it which iterate till the mixture will take no more whereunto if you adde a little thin white-wine Vinegar it will be more humectative and refrigerative Galen advises when
sapours as such Medicaments as are sharp and bitter Next to the sharp sapour is the bitter Amarus sapor which proceeds from the assation of the subtil terrestrial parts and it hath not the power of corroding as the sharp but more cleansing than the saltish so that it trouble somely exasperates the tongue Paul Aegin cap. 1. lib. 7. Galen cap. 10. lib. 4. simplic and it is two-fold the one hot spoken of before which arises from the assation of terrestrial parts by which sweet things are made bitter either by concoction or by age the other cold which comes by vehement congelation as in Opium wild Succory Lettices Hemlock and some unripe Fruits or which comes from an inchoated or imperfect coction or rather from remiss heat which is accounted cold as the other from an intense heat for there is scarce any compound which is not endued with divers natures and qualities whence it is no wonder if Opium and Hemlock be partly hot and partly cold One scruple of Coloquintis may induce to two pounds weight of water bitterness but no heat unless it be very small and occult Yet Schegkius thinks that some are hot because of their bitterness and that they refrigerate by an occult virtue as Poppies and Succory lib. de occult medic facult Now a bitter sapour is such either simply as in Aloes or mixed with other sapours as in Wormwood to which a stypticity or astriction is annexed As also we may experience in many unripe Fruits which not having as yet attained their perfect magnitude are bitter sour but being mature they are bitter and withall sweet with a kinde of sourness Next to bitter and salt sapour Salsus which is not so dry because of its watry humidity wherewith its terrene substance is tempered Orib Gal. cap. 20. lib. 4. simplic Furthermore it cleanseth moderately yea it washeth the tongue more moderately than bitter sapours and it is pleasant enough to the tasters endued with some astrictive faculty yet not so much as to contract the tongue as the austere or acerb sapour Now this salt sapour is two-fold the one natural the other artificial Natural as in Salt Sea-water and many salt terrene substances Artificial as in Lee Lime and in Chymick Salts All sour sapour is cold of it self or so naturally as in those things Aridus whose cold temper is conjoyned with tenuity of substance as the juice of Limmons Oranges Sorrel and such like or so by accident as by putrefaction Act. cap. 1. tetr 1. serm by which means Wine is said to be sour yet not so absolutely for it hath some Acrimony in it self as Galen attesteth lib. 1. simplic Hence arises another division of sour sapour to wit into that which is exactly such as the sapours before mentioned and into that which is not exactly such but is conjoyned with some other sapour whether sweet bitter or sharp as four-sweet Fruits as Apples Prunes Mulberries Cherries Some Fruits have also bitterness joyned with their sourness as Persian Apples and some Cherries Vinegar partakes of Acrimony and a mixed quality as Galen saith c. 19. 21. 26. lib. 1. simplic because of its acquired heat yet its fourness exceeds its Acrimony as Acrimony exceeds sourness in Oils of Sulphur and Vitriol educed by Chymical Art which corrode and bite the tongue and taken alone do greatly calefy Furthermore sour sapour as to its impression upon the tongue it corrodes bites penetrates and exterges and all without calefaction unless it have some other quality mixed with it as Galen asserts cap. 2. lib. 4. simpl in which it differs from sharp sapour although sour sapours ferment the earth for the tenuity of their parts with heat produced by putrefaction The austere or styptick sapour doth moderately strain and exasperate the tongue and mouth Austerus and in some measure dry and refrigerate and it is very peculiar to many immature Fruits as to Quinces to the fruit of the Dog-tree and many Pears especially wild Pears The matter consists in a mean to wit partaker both of a terrestrial and watry nature in which frigidity is predominant Wherefore all austere sapours are frigid moderately astringing and repelling fluxes and it differs from an acerb sapour in that it is more humid and astringeth and exasperates less For Galen cap. 7. lib. 4. simplic saith that watry humidity doth much retund and dullify the strength of every sapour But when natural heat begins to domineer in the very matter and the watry matter mixed with the terrene hath attained to maturity then the austerity evinced and expelled dulcity succeeds in the same matter and so austere Fruits after mutation become sweet which mutation is not of the matter but quality Acerb sapour Acerbus sometimes called Pontick and Styptick differs from the austere sapour onely by reason of more or less Aet cap. 1. tetr 1. fer 1. for thereby it more grievously and strongly astringes and exasperates the tongue and mouth Aet cap. 4. lib. 2. because it consists more of dry and terrene matter not apertly partaking of watry humidity And in it cold with siccity is more predominant than heat for every acerb sapour is cold Now this sapour is most conspicuous in Gall nuts in unripe Medlars and sorb Apples Sweet sapour is mild and pleasant to the tast Dulcis and familiar and acceptable to the belly and stomack saith Galen c. 14. lib. 4. simpl com ad aphor 37. lib. 5. because it hath a mild calidity and laudable temper wherefore sweet things onely nourish and the Infant in the womb onely draws the sweetest blood Now sweet differs from oily because an oily sapour is less pleasant whereas otherwise their temperaments are one and their impressions on the tongue alike for that which is sweet lenifies and dilates the little fibres of the tongue takes away asperity and cleanses away whatever inheres to the tongue Now this sweet sapour is most apert in Sugar Honey Manna Liccorish Milk Reysons Jujubs and mature Fruits Theophrastus constitutes four species of this sapour to wit milky honey watry and winy The unctious or oily sapour is sweet and nourisheth as Galen saith cap. 9. lib. 4. simpl that whatsoever nourisheth is sweet or of a kinde of sweet sapour yet they are distinct for watry humidity is of sweet things aery of fat things whence it easily melts in the fire and is rather sauce than nutriment cap. 10. lib. 3. de Aliment for it lenifies and fills the exasperate parts of the tongue as Butter Marrow Oil. Now unctious sapour is such either exquisitely as all oily and fat things or moderately as the root of Mallows and Lillies The insipid or unsavoury sapour is next to swell Insipidus and it deflects more to frigidity by reason of its watry substance not well elaborated by its inbred heat and it is evident in things not perfectly concocted and cold for all
grow near others or no or what good or malignant Star respects every one we must credit those that effode the roots and gather the other parts of the Plants And as the number in some doth change intend or remit their virtue and quality as one onely Apple of Colocynthis manifests so also doth magnitude or parvity for the virtue of the Earth and Plant is diffused and in many is more remiss but coacted into one Plant or one Fruit more valid Yet many Fruits are commended for their parvitude as Capers and many Seeds for their magnitude as Garthamus CHAP. XXII Of the choyce of purging Medicaments taken from their faculties WE have briefly but clearly shewed how purging Medicaments ought to be selected by a judgement taken from their substance proper temperament second qualities proceeding from their temperament from their disposition extrinsecally acquired from the circumstances of place time number magnitude and parvity it rests that we dispatch briefly what may be spoken as to that choyce which is taken from their purging faculty which though it be helped by the first and second qualities yet saith Mesue its original is celestial and it hath that specifical property whereby the Medicament received into the ventricle and solicited by our heat attracts to it self the humour familiar to its nature as we have noted elsewhere from the veins and passages of our body not perceived by the senses into the belly and then Nature laden with the burthen of the Medicament and the humours attracted prepares a way to excretion either by vomit at the mouth or by dejection at the inferiour parts Whence there are two kinds of purging Medicaments the one a vomiting or ejective Medicament the other dejective which distinction is taken from the manner of excretion or vacuation Now the dejective is more desirable than the ejective because Nature hath alotted the inferiour course to expell Excrements the superiour to receive Aliments Whence it frequently happens that Nature acting spontaneously and provoked by no morbifical cause doth abundantly carry and deject excrementious humours at the inferiour parts and sometimes irritated by the virtue of the Medicament of it self ejective and by the force of the swelling humour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quomodo purgâ—ndi it ejects both Medicament and humours by the mouth Whence it comes to pass that ejective are sometimes better than dejective Medicaments especially to those whose first region of the body or upper ventricle is stuffed with much choler which by reason of its levity and the facility of the traction may more easily and sooner be extruded by vomit Hippocrates also commends vomit to them that are slender especially in Summer Because for the most part they are cholerick slender folks saith he Aphor. 6. lib. 4. are prone to vomit and are to be purged upward but take heed in Winter And Aphor. 40. lib. 4 in Summer it is better to purge upwards in Winter downwards for the gross and cold humour collected in Winter is more easily educed by the inferiour parts and therefore the skilfull Physician uses sometimes ejective and sometimes dejective Medicaments as the condition of the swelling humour requires or the nature of the diseased will bear For Galen saith lib. 1. de loc affect That no man should be compelled to vomit unless he be prone to vomit and that consuming men are never to be purged by vomit nor they who have a strait Thorax or narrow passage But if a Vomit be prescribed to whom it is convenient Quae vomitoria seligenda then let it be provoked by those Medicaments which subvert the ventricle without great molestation and not with white Hellebor according to Galens advice lib. quos quando quibus medicam lest any vessel of the breast should break And much less by Antimony whereby crafty beguilers kill many and sometimes themselves as it is to be seen in that admirable Historie in Cornelius Gemma c. 4. lib. 2. pag. 239. linea 14. The same choyce is to be observed in other Purges that we use the more benign analogical to the morbifical humours For we ought to give a choler purging Medicament to the cholerick saith Galen a flegm purging Medicament to the flegmatick and a melancholy purging Medicament to the melancholick otherwise we offend Nature Now there is no blood purging Medicament prescribed either to purge blood by the mouth or fundament because as Galen saith cap. 6. lib. de purg medicam facult that were to jugulate not to purge men Historia notanda Which the Historie of one Thracius a Bithynian Rustick who found a herb which if any one assumed he should first lose his blood then his life Now many dying by this means the Magistrate judging the offence worthy diligent inquisition apprehended the Malefactor who being demanded of whom he had learned this deletory Poyson answered that he learned it of none but as he once carried a Hogs liver to a neighbouring place his belly compelling him he laid the herb down in a place where a certain herb grew while he had eased himself Note which after some respite and interval he took up again and found that all the blood drew towards the herb whence he conjectured that the herb would attract blood from the body and finding it true by experience made upon one he met as he had before imagined he afterwards transferred the herb to evil uses yet he professed he never did shew that herb to any of which there was much in that Countrey Now the Malefactor amongst other his torments that he was to endure was first to have his eyes put out that when he was led along to the place of Execution he should not shew the herb to any Medicaments therefore that draw blood being omitted as poysonous others not analogical to other parts are to be selected but such as respect certain parts by affinity So Physicians prudently prescribe Agarick Staechados Betony to many distempers of the head Manna Cassia to distempers of the stomack and reins Aloes Myrobolanes and Wormwood to purge and corroborate the ventricle Senna Cetrarch to the spleen Hermodactyls and Ground pine to the Arteries Sage and Rosemary to the nerves Yet these simple Medicaments are not so much astringed to those parts but they may be applyed conveniently to others And as many Medicaments as well simple as compound do peculiarly corroborate some certain part by some familiarity and so some on the contrary do manifestly destroy and hurt some parts of the body as the Sea hare the Lungs Cantharides the Liver Hemlock the Brain as it is well observed by Galen cap. 1. lib. 1. compos medic per genera The end of the first Book OF MEDICINALL INSTITUTIONS The second Book In which we shall treat of the preparations of Medicament CHAP. I. Where we shall demonstrate whether some preparation be not required to all Medicines that tend to aliment A Compound Medicament that is united and made up of many
obuli an obulus two filiqua and a half siliqua two Chalci Chalcus two grains I would not in silence have passed over names or weights familiar to the Arabians but that I found so many as made them seem uncertain who call an ounce adar alsatil sacros assathis Nomina ponderum Arabica a dram sometimes alchi sometimes nabach and sometimes darchamet a scruple also guanthus often gormin and sometimes kermec arme an obulus Seminen Seminet Onolos Onolosat Ologinat indiscriminately as half a one Danich the third part Kirat but we will leave them to their words and use our own When hearbs must be measured by Maniples Medicks note it with this letter M. when flowers by Pugills with this letter P. now a Maniple with the Medicks is as much as can be contained in a hand a pugill as much as may be holden betwixt three fingers When an equall weight of measure or two or more Medicaments are prescribed together Ana quid signet they adde this word Ana which shewes that an equall portion of every Medicament must be assumed Amongst other notes of weights or rather definite quantityes in prescribing receipts this letter N. is plac'd to denote that some number should be assumed as of many fruits which cannot by weight or measure be better described but how great a number the note of weight thereunto annexed must shew as for example of Almonds Plums or the like two three four five or six more or lesse as the Medick sees cause should be prescribed figures should be added to indicate their number whereunto according to Rondeletius the notes of the ancient Romans numbers are more accommodate which are thus described I. II. III. IIII. V. VI. VII VIII IX X. XI XII than the other characters called Ciphers and thus described 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Least some ignorant tyâ—o for two or three drams thus designed Ê’ 2. Ê’ 3. read thirty two or thirty three drams CHAP. V. Of Physicians Measures NOt without reason doe the holy Scriptures attest that God created all things with weight number and measure for number being an act of reason therefore Plato asserted man to be the wisest animal because he could number And God commanded all this to be trutinated by just weight and measure Levit. 19. Deut. 25. By measures I mean certain hollow instruments like boxes thereunto accomodated by certain receptive mensurative shapes wherein Apothecaries or Merchants may measure simple or compound dry or liquid Medicaments But they are made cheifely to measure liquors as oyl vinegar decoctions or the like and they are so fitted by industry as to respond to weights for some will contain one ounce some two some three some one pound others five others ten others more and lesse The least measure will contain Ê’ Cochlearium j. and ℈ ss of wine of a mean consistency and is called cochlearium Another is called Cheme Ligula twice as capacious as the former which containes of wine Ê’ ij ℈ j. A third is called Ligula Mistrum or mystrum and contains of WineÊ’ ij ss or Ê’ iij. Concha contains two mystras or twice as much as Cheme Concha that is Ê’ v. Cyathus contains twice as much as Concha that is Ê’ x or â„¥ j. ss Cyathus Acetabulum Acetabulum which the Greeks call Oxybaphum contains half as much again as a Cyathus that is â„¥ ij Ê’ ij or â„¥ ij ss at the most Quartarius holds twice as much as Acetabulum that is â„¥ iiij ss or little more Hemina or Hemisextarius holds twice as much as Quartarius Hemina that is â„¥ ix Sextarius holds twice as much as a hemina that is lb. j. ss Choenix lb. ij â„¥ iij. Choenix Chus or Congius six sextaries that is lb. ix Urna four Congli that is lb. XL. Urna Amphora two Urns that is lb. LXXX Amphora Metretes in Greek Geramium in Latin Cadus an amphora a half Metretes Culeus twenty Amphorae or forty Urns. Culeus Thus we proceed from the least of measures of liquids to the greatest by degrees as from grains to the greatest of weights in dry things and as the greater number contains the lesser so doth the greatest measure or weight the lesser Some measures therefore are great some small some meane and amongst those some are destined to measure liquids others solids others both Culeus Amphora Urna Congius and Quartarius serve to measure liqâ—ids modius and semimodius solids sextarius hemina acetabulum cyathus both CHAP. VI. Of the quantity of Medicaments to be exhibited IT is not onely worthy our inquisition in compounding Medicaments to enquire after the quality of simples onely but also to know in what quantity each simple should be mixed what quantity of a compound should be exhibited For as too little brings small emolument or profit so too much brings more harme for a Lettice may kill as well as Hemlock and wine kills more than Woolfebane Now if superabundance of Aliment be as noxious as poyson Alimentorum nimia quantitas periculosa it is the greatest perfection of the Art Artificer to describe the just quantity of Medicaments and to define what and how much is convenient for every sexe age nature and time For Turpethum colocynthis and Hellebore purge strongly Polypody Tamarinds and the broath of an old Cock weakely Cassia Senny Rhabarbe moderately old and melanchollick men must be purged hardly in Autumne boyes and moist men must be purged easily in Winter and Spring and cholerick men easily in Summer such as are of a middle nature must be moderately purged And since mutations of ages and seasons change the condition of the humours Idem medicamentum non eadem semper praestat it happens that one and the same Medicament taken in the same quantity hath not alwayes the same effect and operation for when the humours swell and are turbulent then nature with the help of a gentle Medicament will worke out the excretion of the troublesome matter excluding it either by stoole or vomit Whereas on the contrary if the matter by its lentour be more tenaciously fixed and no way provokes nature by its quality to its exclusion the strongest Medicament will not be of power to relaxe the belly being only able to move not to remove these redundant humours This diversity of humours often deceives the non-cautious who having by experience found that Cassia should be prescribed and exhibited by ounces and not by grains Scammony by grains and not by ounces and Rhabarb by drams think they have prescribed a convenient dosis according to the efficacy of each Medicaments acting when yet they often see that the Medicament either not at all or too impensely and strongly moves the belly For when nature cooperates and the superfluous humour swells a few grains of Rhabarb will relaxe yea the very odour alone of some
into a glass drop by drop to that which is filtrated adde pluvial or fountain water in which dissolve a little salt upon the mixtion whereof a milk will appear This is also an usual form â„ž White wine vinegar lb. ss Litharidge of Gold finely powdered â„¥ j. boyl them together till the third part be consumed and to the Colature adde a little Oil of Tartar and it will become white It may also be thus confected â„ž Ceruse â„¥ ss Litharidge â„¥ j. Trochisks of CamphorÊ’ ss the strongest Vinegar lb. ss macerate them three or four hours afterwards filtrate them and to the filtration adde the water of Bean flowers or Plantain or Roses in which dissolve a little Salt and it will become white It is very good against the redness of the face and pimples Ejus virtuor and roughness of the skin CHAP. XIII Of Alume water THE affinity of the qualities minde me of another water of â—â—mious virtues which derives its denomination from Alumâ— which is its basis Since many Juices ingrede its confection which are better new than old it can scarce be made before or after Summer but about the end of August or the beginning of September for then the juice of Grapes is most copious and most acid being immature and therefore more accommodate to confect this water Being extrinsecally applyed it cohibits and deterges inflammations pimples and other infections of the skin adhibited also above the tongue that grows black by the acuteness of a Feaver it will not onely delete its roughness but so moderate its calour as to reduce it to its natural heat I shall here exhibit its more usual and approved description whereunto a skilfull Medick may easily adjoyn another if the particular nature or condition of any affection require it and thus it is confected â„ž Aqua aluminosa magistralis Of the juices of Plantain Purslain Grapes Roch alume ana lb. j. whites of Eggs no. xij mix them well together with a spatula and afterwards distill them in an Alembick Some by mixing the juice of Nightshade and Limons with it make it more prevalent against filth and lice and other affections of the skin and they call it the Magisterial Alume water CHAP. XIV Of a Frontal AFrontal which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a Medicament which imposed on the forehead doth help the head-ach and it is often exhibited to extinguish its ardour and conciliate sleep when in long Feavers too much waking hath dejected the strength corrupted the blood and exagitated the mind For then a topical refrigerative Hypnotick applyed to the frontispiece of the head will be very salutiferous by abating the dolour mitigating the fervour tempering the blood and cohibiting the ascendent fumes Nicholaus Myrepsius tells us that a Frontal duely confected and rightly adhibited to the eyes cures lippitude and abundant fluours But we must take heed we do not adhibit humectative and refrigerative Frontals to a flegmatick brain or old men in winter especially seeing they are not meet for such in summer Quibus frâ—ntalia bene vel male conveniunt nor yet for any of a cold nature But they may be successfully applyed to young men and such as are cholerick or infested with some hot disease which alwayes causes great dolour in the head at any time But the use of Frontals is no way safe for young girls whose Cranium yet gapes and whose Vertex is yet moveable especially such as admit Vinegar in their composition which is an enemy to the brain or are endued with a narcotical or with a refrigeratory or calefactory quality or any other eximious faculty in excess They indeed are very expetible which by the first degrees change the distemper of the four qualities cohibit vapours gently soporate the senses and roborate the brain All Frontals are either somewhat humid or altogether dry the humid are of multifarious forms and consistencies for they are either made in form of an Unguent or of a Liniment or of an Opiate or of a Cerato malagma as when some oleaginous Medicaments are super-added to brayed herbs and a Frontal formed of the mixture Neither are dry Frontals uniform but confected of leaves and flowers either integral or pulverated and sowed in a double Syndon or pure cloth This Frontal is accommodate to women â„ž Of the leaves of Lettice and Betony cut small and of Rose leaves ana m. j. madefy these in Oxyrrhodino and make thereof a Frontal This Frontal will asswage the fervour of the head and conciliate sleep â„ž Conserves of Water-lillyesÊ’ vj. of Roses â„¥ ss Fervorem mitigans somnumque concilians of the flower of Poppyes p. ij beat them together in a mortar with a little Unguent Populeon fiat Frontale CHAP. XV. Of Cataplasms and Pultises THis soft Medicament which onely extrinsecally applyed doth asswage dolour repell mollify relax and calefy as also move vacuate and digest corrupt matter is called both by Greeks and Latines Cataplasma It hath the consistency of a Pultis whence it often borrows a name though in proper loquution Puls is rather an Aliment and Cataplasma a topical Medicament which is not confected solely of Honey wherein some Simples or Compounds accommodate to that purpose have been cocted as the Antients used to make it but of Roots Herbs Meal Oil and Butter and very often and that successfully by clinical women of Milk Bread crums Oil and the yolks of Eggs to mitigate leniate and concoct And he that calls a Cataplasm thus compounded a Pultis and a Pultis made of Barley meal the mucaginous matter of Linseed and Eggs yolks a Cataplasm doth erre nothing according to Fernelius for both have the same consistency to wit a mean betwixt an Unguent and a Salve and as it were the result of both their materials compounded together both have the same method in confecture and in use Fernelius thinks that the Antients used Cataplasma and Malagusâ— for the same thing but Galen initio lib. 7. de comp med gen according to the meaning and opinion of the Antients names those Medicaments alone Malagms which mollify parts preternaturally obdurated so that a malactical and mollitive Medicament and a Malagm do not at all differ nor constitute distinct species as 't is very probable Pultises then are constituted of Roots Leaves Stalks cocted to a putrilency Meal Fat and Oil. If dry Plants be required they must be pulverated if green cocted till they liquefy then stamped in a mortar trajected through a scarce and mucaginous fat or oleaginous matters added to the pulped matter and sometimes meal and then must they be again cocted till they acquire the crassitude of a Pultis This Cataplasm will asswage dolour and mollify obdurateness â„ž Anodynum malacticum The roots of Lillyes and Marsh mallows ana â„¥ ij Mallows Pelitory Violets ana m. ij boyl them till they become soft beat them small and pulp them through a sieve to which adde Linseed
net they do not retain the same virtues and qualities that the other have but come far short and therefore it is that they are rejected and the forreign which are brought from India and Arabia used Notwithstanding our Soyl is not altogether so ungratefull but the it affords many excellent purging Simples as we shall here demonstrait in this Section CHAP. I. Of Rhabarb MAny of the Antients put no difference betwixt Rhaponticum and Rhabarbarum nor betwixt the greater Centaury and Rhaponticum but made one of three several Plants But that our vulgar Rhabarb is not Rhaponticum the description of Dioscorides doth sufficiently evince and that Rhaponticum is not the greater Centaury the same Author demonstrates in that he treats of them in divers Chapters and describes them in different forms and faculties Our vulgar Rhabarb is so called because it is the most eximious root among the Barbarians or Indians or Troglodites or perhaps it may derive its denomination from Rha a Rivers name in Pontus as the nomenclature of Rhaponticum is from thence probably acknowledged But since Rha in the peregrine idiome denotes a root Rhabarbarum that is the Barbarians root may by an Antonomasy be put for the best root which the Arabians call Raved the Chinians Ravam where it is most frequent and where it is thus denoted without further addition The Rhabarb that comes out of the Dominions of Sina is the most approved where it both grows plentifully and almost spontaneously and is thence conveyed into Ormus Persia Arabia and Alexandria which afterwards coming to us is called Indian Arabick and Turkish Rhabarb Rhabarb is very like our common round * * * Hipolapathum Dock its root is very crass round externally somewhat black internally flave like the colour of a Nutmeg which macerated or masticated infects with a Saffron colour It is a cholagogous Medicament benign and roborative to the liver and ventricle it conduces very much to dysenterick cholerick and other affections proceeding from the imbecillity of the liver CHAP. II. Of Cassia THis name comprehends three Plants under it to wit * * * Cassia odorata Sweet-Cane which Theophrastus calls Cneoron and its probable Virgilius means by his Lavendula Cassia * * * Lignea Lignea or small Cane and Cassia * * * Fistula Fistula or siliquous Cane which is a tall tree bearing leaves like our Wallnut tree whereunto it is like The materiality of its wood is compact and hard its cortex thin and flave Its roots are husked long round black externally ligneous internally pithy black and abundantly pregnant with many round and plain seeds distinguished by certain ligneous and transverse membranes The Antients either were ignorant of or else grossely neglected this tree The Arabians having first experienced its salutiferous use first commended it The marrow or pith of Cassia humectates Cassia vires tempers immoderate heat lubricates lenifies and subduces the belly educing the excrements without gripings It may be successfully given to young men old men and pregnant women CHAP. III. Of Tamarinds THE Arabick word Tamarinds Tamar signifies a Date not because the fruit of the tree is like thereunto but because the Barbarians took no care to give it any more proper denomination than what the vulgarity imposed upon it by whom these Fruits are called Tamarinds that is Indian Dates The Greeks for their acidity call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is acid Dates but without reason for they resemble no Dactyle The tree whereon Tamarinds grow is tall hard and compact like our Wallnut tree or Oak encompassed with many boughs and adorned with leaves minutely incided about the magnitude of Palm leaves These Fruits when immature are green and acid when mature they are cineritious their acidity not without suavity But Mesue speaks inconsiderately when according to Garcla's judgement he thinks that Tamarinds are the fruits of wild Date trees in India whereas there is not a Date tree in all India but what is conveyed from Arabia They grow on a tree fair to look on brachiated with many boughs adumbrated with abundance of leaves like some female Fern called by the Spaniards Helecho coronated with fair odorate and white flowers after whose fall the fruits emerge which at first are green and are nocturnally involved in leaves to keep them from the cold diurnally exposed to the Sun These leaves will inflect themselves though there be no fruit in the night season and so the boughs of the tree are hedged in therewith In Malavar Tamarinds are called Puli in Guzarat Ambili in Canary Chincha and in other regions they assume other denominations Vires They gently subduce the belly leniate temperate and promore adust humours they are cold in the third degree dry in the second CHAP. IV. Of Myrobalambs IF names should answer the natures of the named these fruits should rather be called Syriacks or Arabicks than Myrobolambs seeing they neither resemble the idea of an Acorn nor yield the fragrancy of an odoriferous Unguent as the etymologie of the name portends And if Galen or Dioscorides have given the name Myrobalamb to any Fruit besides its nature that same differs as much from a true Myrobalamb as an inodorate thing from an odorate and a Prune from an Acorn The nomenclature then is more received by use and custome than by reason and nature And these we call Myrobolambs are but certain sorts of Plums decerped from as many different trees as they have different firnames for the diversity of their forms and faculties demonstrate the errours of such who contend that they grow upon one and the same tree but are severally at divers seasons collected There are five sorts thereof the flave the Indian or black Species the Bellirian the Chebulian and the Emblian many whereof grow in the Kingdome of Cambaia whose names Garcias hath got from the Inhabitants and hath delineated the several trees and fruits in a few words Arare saith he or the flave Myrobalamb is round and bears leaves like Sobrus Rezanuale or the Indian black Myrobalamb is eight squared and hath leaves like a Willow Gotim or the Bellirian hath leaves like Bay but more cineritious and pale Aretca or the Chebulian Myrobalambs are great and round yet not perfectly round but somewhat long when they attain their full growth and bear leaves like the Peach tree Anuale or the Emblian have their leaves minutely incided and about a hand length The trees are generally of the magnitude of Plum trees all wild growing spontaneously none domestick Avicenna calls Myrobasambs Delegi but the Arabians give peculiar names to each sort calling the flave Azfar the Indian Asuat the Bellirian Heleragi the Chebulian Quebulgi the Emblian Embelgi The several sorts of Myrobalambs have a several and peculiar faculty for the flave or orange-colour'd are cholagogous the Indian or black purge melancholy and exhilarate the Chebulian and Emblian are phlegmagogous all purge clemently
There is another sort thereof with leafs like Bank-cresses which is called Lapsana as also a third kind with leafes like rocket and white flowers all of them bear small black round seeds included in Cods Radish roots are eaten raw turneps not without coction all calefie open and move urine CHAP. XXVI Of Anemone or Wind-flower WE have above treated onely of such Calefactives whose Roots were most celebrated save that at the beginning of this Section we described a few because of their exceeding calidity whose roots were uselesse Now we come to dissert of such whose other parts are also useful beginning with Anemone Which is sometimes called the Winds-herb because it never opens and dilates it self save when the wind blowes the Poets fable that it grew from Adonis blood whence they call it Adonis his flower There are two general differences hereof Species one is the wild the other the garden Anemone both which especially the later are manifold whose sorts and varieties are distinguished onely by the colour and multiplicity of their flowers for some bear white flowers others red others caeruleous some phoeniceous others somewhat red others violaceous and others a greenish red all which are coronary for the excellency and pulchritude of their flowers but the wild Anemones varieties are fewer and yet more requisite in medicine as in the confection of unguent Marliatum des Myrepsus wherein wild Anemone especially that that is called wind-herb is usurped but seeing all their descriptions and variety are excellently and elegantly depinged by the famous Authors D. D. Dod. Clus I will not further prosecute their descriptions All the sorts of Anemone are acrimonious apertive incisive detersive and exsiccative CHAP. XXVII Of Keiri or Wallflowers KEiri is a Mauritanian word denoting a luteous Violet which is alwayes green patient of Cold contrary to the nature of other Violets which wither at the first aspect of Winters rigidity and grow not again till they be new sowen I except the Garden Violets that repullulate every year in following the distinction of the Herbalists who nothing sollicitous about the nature of words distinguish Leucoïon from white violets when yet Leucoïon enunciates nothing more then a white violet Leuco signifies white ïon a Violet And as there are many varieties of Violets so are there also of Leucoïa amongst which that which bears a luteous flower to wit Keiri is most commendable to medicinal uses it growes in all places as on stone walls old edifices and rubbages and other saxous and dry places it is sowen also and pullulates in gardens near walls it s Causs are ramous many rigid and slender its leafs long angust of a blewish green lesser and more rigid then other violets its flowers luteous odorate and sweet its codds long and small wherein a small plain seed is coarctated They make an oyl of the flowers by infusion fit to resolve humours mitigate cold dolours and roborate the nerves Ê’ ij of its seed given in wine or subacted with honey educes flowers young and secondines A bath made of the decoction of its flowers will perform effect the same CHAP. XXVIII Of Thyme THyme unknown to none is a little surculous plant with small angust leafs vested with many heads referted with white flowers in its summities whereof there are two sorts the first called Cephaloton Species which is like Stoechas the others differs from this because it is harder and hath few leafs and flowers and them not on heads but about the leaf roots There is another exotical Thyme they call Peruvian Thyme which is not so surculous and folious lesse acrimonious and more suaveolent in other things it responds to the rest Thyme calefies and siccates in the third degree it incides attenuates moves flours protrudes the young purges the Bowels and Lungs it is thought very conducible to the clarity of the eyes But it is more frequently used in condiments then otherwise Vires CHAP. XXIX Of Serpylle or Mother of Thyme THere are two sorts of Serpyll one garden which is greater and more succulent delighting in culture and fat soyl the other wild which growes in petrous squalid dry sterile places and in the margines of fields and on hills both of them are like Thyme in effigies odour and sapour they derive their names from creeping for their branches creep along by the ground and radicate where ever they touch it the vulgar and wild serpyl is exile and small like a little Vine hard and lignous assurging a palm in altitude with small leafs like Thyme others lay along demitting capillated fibres or radicles into the earth They have round heads on their summities out of which issue flowers of a whitish red and purpureous colour which with the whole Plant are suaveolent Another kind of serpyll is found in many places which is not Serpentine as the rest but large and wild which the shopmen call Montanous Penny-royall The Garden Serpill because of its gratefull and sweet odour is enumerated among the coronaries its circles are longer and crasser then the other its leafes also broader and duller and its heads coronated with greater flowers Serpill is acrimonious and hot moves floures and Urine abates the gripeings of the belly conduces in the Lethargy cures the biteing of poisonous beasts and by its fume when it is burned repells Serpents CHAP. XXX Of Sampsuchum and Marjoram SAmpsuchum according to Dioscorides is not Marjoram but another ramous hearb which is reptant with round and hirsute leaves like calamint whereas Marjoram is not reptant but erect with many surcles and with mucronated not round leafes yet it may well be used for want of Sampsuchum for it is a plant both in faculty and forme very like it whose gratefull odour and savour causes it to be nourished in gardens and pots with diligence and care and Marjoram perhaps desumed its name from Marum as Dodonaeous writes who makes Marjoram Marum and Hysobrium one Plant as he collected from Dioscorides his description and Sampsuchum and Amaracus another as he gathered from Dioscorides and Theophrastus yet Amaracus by Galens authority which he also gathered out of Dodonaeus is Feverfew so named not by his own but by anothers lapse seeing Amaracus is indeed Sampsuchum We cannot admit of their reasons who make Pulick Mountain a kind of Marum which the vulgar French call Mastick sinck they are very dissident for Marum according to Dioscorides is a surculous herbe with a flower like Origanum leafes much whiâ—â—r and by him called Origanum Pliny saith it is an exoticall Plant and not to be numerated amongst the domestick family whereas Clinopodium which some call Cleonicon other Zopyron is an herb of vulgar dignotion and like Serpill Now Marjoram is either impatient of cold or most patient thereof the latter is Winter Marjoram which flourishes in the midle of Winter the former summer Marjoram which perishes with the first occurse of frost Marjoram is manifestly calefactive cephalicall
substance is mud concreted to the hardness of a Pumick-stone is best that which is collected out of Silver Mynes next and that which is had in Golden Mynes worst of the three There is another sort which is worst of all found in Leaden Mynes Avincenna calls Boras Auri capistrum Dioscorides and Galen Chrysocolle or Gold-glue others Green Earth because it equalizes segetives in colour That which is now in Pharmacopolies is not green but white There are two sorts hereof one Native which in Metalline Mynes concretes to the hardness of a Pumick-stone acquiring various colours according to the variety of the Metals out of whose Mynes it is effoded the green is most medicinal and the flave best for ferruminating gold The other Factitious made of Boyes Urine Factitia agitated so long with a Brazen Pestel in a Brasse Morter in the hot Sun till it acquire the consistency of honey or an unguent which either solely or mixed with other Medicaments cures sordid cadaverous and dangerous Ulcers Dioscorides brayed and washed the native and fossile till it looked pure and sincere then he reconded and kept it for use after he had siccated it it will be much more tenuious by â—â—tion Chrysocolle califies cohibits excrescent flesh Vires and is somewhat mordacious it perduces many Ulcers to sanity but its assumption at the mouth is perillous CHAP. 5. Of Vitriol or Calchantum THe Greeks call that Calchantum which the Latines from its blackness call Sutory Ink and from its splendent vitreous Nitre Vitriol Dioscorides reckons three sorts thereof two native and one Factitious Species one sort of the Natives is found concreted in the bowels of the earth another is collected in form of water out of some Myne which put into a vessel soon coagulates into Vitriol The Factitious is made of a certain glebe of earth maculated with rubiginous and atruginous spots madefied transfunded and fermented with water cocted with the heat of the Sun out of which a certain vitriolous humour is elicited which is reduced either by the heat of the Sun or of a fire into Vitriol Pliny Chap. 13. Book 34. teaches many more wayes to confect it as also many perite Metallists which for brevities sake I omit Amongst the Factitious Vitriols the Roman is the best the Cyprian was most celebrated of old the Germanian is worse and it is commonly called Copparose or Dyers Ink which Infectors use in dying clothes The Native which is effoded out of the Cyprian Mountains is called Stalacticum that is stillatitious and pectum that is concrete so that the natural which is either coagulated before effosion or coagulates quickly after extraction from that Mountain and the factitious which is elicited out of the earth of that Mountain may be both called Cyprian Vitriol The Native or Fossile Vitriol participates of Calcitis Misy and Sory especially the Cyprian which is concreted from green water which continually delabes from that Mountain into a Cave washing Calcitis Misy and Sory and spontaneously coagulating into Vitriol Whence one of these doth easily transeate into another for all of them do in time convene yea Galen asserts That he saw Vitriol which in tract of time became Calcitis Lib. 9. Simp. The Native and white is preferred in Medicinal uses which the Metallicolous Alchymists say is produced by their Sulphur and Mercury as of Sperm which they indiscriminately exhibit to all affections out of which they elicite a certain acid liquor a few drops whereof mixed with syrupe of Violets acquire a most elegant red colour and sapour Oyl of Sulphur will do the same and a few drops of both or one of them infused in the syrupe of Roses will make the whole liquor red Tinctura Rosarum which they call Tincture of Roses There is a certain salve made which Pharmacopolists call Diacalciteos from Calcitis and Diapalma or Palmeous salve from Palme and it is alike related to both for it neither admits of Calcitis nor Palme in its confection but so it is called for its rarity for Calcitis Misy Sory Melanteria Diphryges and many more so much celebrated by the Ancients are now unseen and unknown Whence Galen substitutes Vitriol in stead of Calcitis into whose nature age perduces it And it may well be substituted in stead of Misy Sory and Melanteria for all these are of near affinity being similar in qualities but dissimilar in colour and consistency Nature hath enriched Vitriol with eximious faculties which perite Physicians have both experienced and left described as Dioscorides Galen Aelius Paulus Aegineta and Oribasius who have nobilitated it with much celebration it califies astringes dries kills broad worms in the belly helps against toad-poyson preserves moist flesh and contracts humours by absumption exarceates putretude roborates the intimous parts externally applied it astringes purges Ulcers causes wrinkles like Alome with whom it hath relation The Wells of Spada being indued with a Vitrioline quality do miraculously cure grievous and deplorable affections Which excellent faculty they borrow from Vitriol by whose energy they pervade all the tracts and corners of all parts everting what is hurtful not hurting what is good binding what is more lax relaxing what is bound and inciding melting attenuating and expelling what is more crass But besides these excellent commodities Vitriol hath its incommodities also for it is ill for the stomack acrimonious erosive and vomitory and therefore many Monks and women give it sometimes in Wine and sometimes in Rose-water in uncertain weight against quotidian and quartane Agues and indeed the Feaver is often by the excitation of vehement vomiting resolved But this Medicament being imperitely exhibited proves often more formidable then the disease CHAP. 6. Of Alome ALome saith Pliny is as it were the brine of the earth whereof Dioscorides makes three sorts the round the liquid and the jagged or scissile the last is often called plumeous Alome for they are so like in form that they can scarce be distinguished yet they differ both in nature and qualities for the scissile is manifestly astrictive and may be burned but the plumeous is acrimonious Scissile plumeum and suffers not by fire It seems to be the stone Amiantus which wood-like consists of many incursant Lines and is not burned by fire which many take for that Amentus that ingredes the Citrian unguent There is another sort very vulgar and usual lucid spisse and hard like glasse which Physicians call Rock-Alome Alumen rupeum which should alwayes be usurped when Alome is designed absolutely The manner of confecting this is long and laborious which Matthiolus describes accurately There is black Alome in Cyprus that Pliny makes mention of Some say that round Alome is the same with that they call Zucharinum which is confected of crude Rock-Alome white of Eggs and Rose-water Matthiolus saw handled and tasted liquid Alome of which he attests that he never found any thing more astrictive Besides these there are
vertues of Saphyres are neither so many nor so great as the superstition of many men have made them Vires and as the vulgar Lapidaries have described for those things that Macer Cap. 5. lib. 5. writes of it are vain and meerly false who saith thus Quem natura potens tanto ditavit honore Ut sacer merito gemmarum gemma vocetur Nam corpus vegetum conservat integra membra Et qui portat eum nequit ulla fraude noceri Invidiam superat nullo terrore movetur Hic lapis ut perhibent educit carcere vinctos Obstructasque fores vincula tecta resolvit I will not further prosecute its Poetical description For Poets assuming authority for Lyes may not be credited Yet I can easily assent to such as say that Saphyre recreates the heart allayes venereous lusts and makes him that carries it merry and pleasant it resists poyson in drink purges Ulcers in the Intestines and the corruption of the eyes when adhibited thereunto CHAP. 3. Of Rubies THis Rubine is from its flammeous colour called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is a Carbuncle but it shines not in the night or burns like a candle as many Ideots think but its nitre in respect of other stones is as it were flammeous Whence the Poet speaks thus Ardentes gemmas superat carbunculus omnes Nam velut ignitus radios jacet undique carbo Nominis unde sui causam traxisse videtur It hath the name of Carbuncle then from fire whence the Grecians call them not onely Anthraces but Pyropi or as some will have it Apyroti because they are not altered by the fire nor yet become warm They are of so many different sorts that they can scarcely be designed by peculiar names or distinguished those that come from Carthage are most excellent elegant fulgent and precious the Aethiopian are next the Alabandian next those that come from the Syrtes and India next those that are like other stones are the worst and least elegant for they are impure and almost like Marble obscure flave or whitish Some think that the Carchedonian Rubines borrow their dignity from Carthage not from their pulchritude Merchants sell onely five sorts of Carbuncles one sort whereof is very red and splendent called Carbuncle absolutely which is very rare and fit for Princes the other not so fulgent which they call true Rubine which is frequent enough The third degree of dignity they attribute to that which they corruptly call Bullaesium the next to Rubith which they call Spinel the last to Granates of which in the sequel Chapter Many hold that Carbuncles are of both sexes to wit Male and those they say are such as shine more splendently and Female which shine more grosly and fatly All Rubines are Cordial and resist Poysons Vires CHAP. 4. Of Granates A Granate is so called because it is like the stone of a Pomegranate and it is a kinde of red Rubine less elaborate by nature and imperfected it is indeed red but obscure as if it were a Rubine covered with a small cloud whence some call it the blackish Rubine It is of two sorts the one of more lively colour emulating a corruscant flame with some intermixed obscurity the other more obscure which is of a lesser estimate both come from Calecut and some places in Spain A Granate suspended or drunk up doth much resist sadness Vires and recreate the heart but being of an igneons nature it hurts the brain exagitates the blood and excites anger CHAP. 5. Of the Sardis-stone or Carneol THe Onyx Sardonix and Sarda have much affinity with one another yet Pliny rightly distinguishes them for Onyx is a nitent and polite Gemme resembling a mans nail Polycrates had a very fair one Plin. cap. 1. lib. 37. Sarda is not pellucid but ruddy in colour resembling flesh whence it is called Carneol not Corneal as some say for it is not white like a horn The Sardonix participates of both their colours for it is like a mans nail imposed upon the flesh and withall translucid It is called Sarda because the Sardians first found it the best whereof is very red and perspicuous the obscure and dilutely red is not so good This stone carried about one recreates the minde Vires cohibits sad dreams expels fear preserves the carrier from Witches and harms stayes the bloody flux and usefully ingredes the confection of the Electuary de Gemmis CHAP. 6. Of the Hyacinth THe Hyacinth is a Gemme of no very great value for it is copiously brought from many places of India and Lusitania also to us in colour it resembles Amber but it is more splendent emitting an aureous fulgour Some write That some Hyacinths are rubeous others caeruleous but many think that such are rather Granates Topazes or such stones then true Hyacinths Some indeed are variegated but the unicolourous are better especially the Bactrian the Arabian worst Pliny frequently inculcates that some Hyacinths are of an Orange-colour some variegated with certain white veins and such the Greeks call Leucochrysos There is a kinde of Amber most flave sincere and fulgid which the Greeks calls Chryselectrum which some Ideots take for the true Hyacinth Hyacinths participate of some faculties for they are of a cold nature they condense bodies conciliate sleep roborate defend from the contagion of Pestilence excite alacrity and defend from Thunder and Ligntnings CHAP. 7. Of the Topaz-stone GIgnit hunc Arabum gemmis ditissima tellus as Marbodaeus saith hereof It was at first found in a cloudy Island of the same name in the Red-sea by some Pyrats who by tempests and storms were cast upon that coast where making a longer abode without victuals they were forced to fly to the herbs and roots for succour with which they effoded Topaz so called from the native soyl Many Topazes are also found in another Island called Chitis which are very splendent and expetible There are two sorts hereof the one is called Prazoides or Chrysoprasius which some say is the same with Chrysolite the other Chrysopteron so named from the nitent fulgour of its golden wings The Chrysolite much resembles the greenness of Leek-juyce in colour yet more aureously fulgent whence it is so named The Topaz-stone easily admits of a file whereas other Gemmes are polished with a touch-stone It is a matter of admiration Vires that a Topaz-stone injected into boyling water doth not onely hinder its longer ebullition but so temper its fervour that one may forthwith put his naked hand into it without harm It stayes the flux of blood in all parts it allayes anger either removes or abates sadness hinders the phrensie and delights the minde CHAP. 8. Of the Azure-stone THat which Mesue and the Arabians call Azul the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Cyanum sometimes the radiant and caeruleous stone The French by a certain Prerogative call it absolutely The Stone without any adjunct Avincenna
Catalepsis a strange kind of disease and seldom heard of Cavity hollowness Caulicles little stalks Cavous hollow Causos ardens febris continua tertiana a continual tertian or burning Fever Caustick Medicines to burn the skin to make issues c. Cautery actual burning with a red hot iron Celebrious frequent eminent Cementum a mineral matter like lute Cementation is the softening an hard thing till it be like soft Wax before the fire Center the point in a circumference Cephalalgia head-ach Cephalica the head-vein Cephalaea capitis dolor diuturnus a continual head-ach Cerates Cerecloaths used against Inflamations and vomitings Cerasites Wine made of Cherries Cerebellum or After-brain in Greek parencephalis is as it were a private and small brain seated in the back and lower part of the skull under the brain Cerotum or Ceratum a plaister made of oyl and wax Cerussa venetiae Venice ceruce it is healing cooling and drying White lead Cervicornula tenella Harts-horn Ceterach Finger-fern An Herb that hath neither stalk flower nor seed it 's much used in agues against the black jaundice quartan agues and stopping of the spleen Chalibeate liquor is such as hath had steel quenched in it Chalisticum a Medicine to provoke heat Chermes Granum tinctorum Couchenil Chiragra the gout in the fingers Chlorosis the green-sickness the Virgins Disease the pale colour of Virgins the White jaundice Cholerica passio a great pain in the Belly with pricking and shooting and avoiding of choler both by vomit and stool Chologogon purging choler Chondril an Herb like Succory Chondrus Cartilago a gristle Chorion the outward skin which compasseth the Child in the womb Chronical Diseases are diseases which last a great while as Consumptions c. Chrysocal a kind of Mineral found like sand in the veins of some Metals Chylus the food in the Stomach by the first digestion turned into a white cream or pap Chylosis the hurt concoction of the stomach Chyrurgery an Art teaching the cure of all the pains and infirmities of the body by the right use of the hand Clyptica Medicines to clense and beautifie the skin Cicatrize the scar at closing up of a wound or sore Cinefaction a reducing unto ashes Cinnamon a sweet smelling bark very well known Cinaper Vermilion Cinnabaris Indica sanguis Draconis a liquid gum brought out of India Cinneres ligni ashes of wood of which abundance of Medicines of worth are made both in Physick and Chirurgery Circulation a chymical operation wherein the matter to be circulated is inclosed in a glasse body and a blind head being luted on and the glass placed in horse-dung as fast as the Spirits or moisture ascend up into the head finding no vent they fall down from whence they came and this is called Circulation because the vapor moves round in the head of the glass Circumcinge environ encompass about or round Circumduce to carry about as the hand is carried about in grinding upon a marble stone Circumforaneous idle wandring prating knaves Circumvolution turning about Circundated encompassed Citta Pica malacia the affections of a longing in Women with child Citrine yellow Civet a sweet substance like Musk which yet is but the turd of a little Beast like a Cat. Clarification purging of liquid medicaments from their dregs and grosser matters that so they may be more acceptable to the palat and more easily distributed Climacterical every seventh year of a mans life Clavicles or Coller bones termed in Greek cleides because they shut up the whole chest Clement gentle Clinica a Woman Doctor Clitoris is a sinewy part in the Womb of a Woman Coacted pent up kept together by force Coadunation sometimes termed by the name of a more excellent species Coagulation is a perfect and skilful working whereby such things as disagree are united Coagmentation like to Glutination is by liquate things to which dissolving pouders are cast and afterwards are made concrete by laying them in a cold place or by evaporating their moisture Coagulum the Rennet that turneth milk Coagulated curdled Coagulation is the forcing of things agreeing in nature from a thin and fluid consistence into a solid Mass by the privation of moisture Coalition the uniting or healing up or growing together of the lips of a wound or ulcer or any other part that should be open Coarctation a streining or pressing together Coruscateth shineth Coction of humors is their separation from the mass of good blood and preparation for expulsion Cocted digested Cognation affinity or likenesse Cohibit That doth restrain Cohobation when the distill'd liquor is often poured on its faeces and distill'd again Coincide the falling in or hapening of divers things together at once Coindicants divers indications or signes in a disease shewing or pointing to one and the the same remedy for the cure Colation the sending of that which is moist through a strainer that the liquor may be had separated from a dryer substance Colatorie a streiner Colature straining Colcothar a good caustick medicine for it is of a cooling drying healing and clensing quality Collyries Medicines for the eyes particularly oyntments Collyrium an eye-salve Collysion a breaking bruising or knocking together Colon the Gut that is the seat of the disease called the chollick Collick so called from the gut colon which is the part affected and is long winding and ordained for receiving the excrements of almost all the body the reteining these excrements too long cause this pain Colliquation or Colliquefaction is the joyning of many fulfils or liquables to make one compound by eliquation on the fire Collumella Inflamation see Uvula Collusions filth impurity Coloration is whereby the perfect colour of gold silver Philosophers and such-like obscured by any sulphurous vapor is renewed and made bright by maceration frequent ablution in any sharp liquor or salt argal spirit of wine-vinegar Coloquintida a kind of gourd which the Persians call gall of the Earth because it destroyes all herbs near which it groweth it 's a very dangerous purge yet frequently used Colourated coloured Coma vigil waking coma is a disease in which the patient lyeth with his eyes shut as if he were asleep when he is awake and distracted Combustion see cinefaction Combustible is that which will burn Comitialis morbus epilepsia the Falling sickness Comitate accompany Commaculate to defile or stick to the fingers Comminution is the reducing of any matter into such fine pouder by dilation filteration exiccation confusion calcination cribration that no roughness or corpulency be felt Commissura the mold of the head where the parts of the skull are united Commutation change alteration Compact close solid united together Complexion is the nature of a part hot cold or dry Complication of diseases when divers Diseases afflict the patient at one and the same time Composition is the putting together of divers things Compression a thrusting or pressing any thing harâ— together Concave ulcers hollow ulcers Conception is from a mingling of seeds in the womb which
is the most noble nurse gathering and contracting it self exactly that it will not admit the point of a needle then the womb rouzeth and raiseth up the sleepy and lurking power of the seeds so that that which was before but potential it bringeth into act Concertation wrangling Disputes Concinnated made fit for the purpose trimmed apparelled Conciliating causing perswading procuring by fair means Concretion is divaporation of humidity in fluid things by gentle decoction on fire Concocted digested Concords equalities Concrete juyces juyces of plants that were once liquid but for their better preservation are hardened either in the Sun or by the fire Condense thick hard Condiloma a swelling of the fundament Condiments sawces Conditure the art of preserving Confected mingled Confirmed A Disease is said to be confirmed when the symptoms that distinguish it to be of such or such a particular disease do appear Confrication rubbing or grinding Confusion is properly a mixture of such things as are fluid Congelation benumning unsuitablenesse a freezing together with cold Congestion a gathering together or heaping up Conglomerated heaped together Conglutination is the compacting of Metals jewels glasses c. by gums glue whites of eggs and the like the nature of the conglutinated remaining a glewing together Conjugations or pairs of nerves Conjunctiva a coat of the eye so called because it sticks fast to the eye and helps it in its place Conquash mash together Consentaneous agreeable consonant Consistence the thickness or thinness of any substance or liquor Consolidation closing up a sore or wound Consopiated lull'd asleep Consternation fear astonishment Constipation stopping up Constitution the complexion or temperament of the body Contagion infection Continuity an oneness or one continued quantity without interruption Contorsion a wresting or drawing awry Contracted shrunk or drawn together Contraindicants are such indications as forbid such or such a course to be used Contumacy stubbornness and that will not be wrought upon by the medicine Contunding pounding beating Contusion bruising a bruise also a beating of very thick bodies into very subtil parts Conus a geometrical figure resembling a sugar-loaf Convex standing out like the back-side of a buckler or platter Convulsio spasmus a convulsion or cramp Copul white Rosin very bright Cophosis is when the hearing is totally gone so that the patient either heareth no noyse or if he do he cannot distinguish Copiously plentifully Corda barbarorum nervus A sinew Cordis palpitatio panting or beating of the heart Coronal suture the seam which divides the skull of the head in two parts Cornea the coat of the eye of a horny substance Corpulent fat thick gross Corpus callosum a thick body it is a part belongs to the brain Corpus varicosum is an interweaving of the veins and arteries which carry the vital and natural blood to the stones to make Seed of Corpulent fat gross Corral is cordial cooling drying and prepared chymically hath a wonderful comforting vertue in it yet the red corral far exceeds it Corroding biting and fretting Corosion is calcination reducing things coagulated by the corroding spirits of salt sulphur wine vinegar distill'd aqua fortis c. into ashes Cortices barks peels the outward rind Corymbiferous bearing berries Coriza or pose is a catarrh falling from the brain into the nose Cotylidones in lattin acetabula the joyning of the ends of two pair of veins one coming from the spermatical another from the hypogastrical branch with the mouths of the umbilical vein making a connexion between the mother and the infant Couched with a needle that is something taken away with a needle from the eye or pressed down Cranium the brain Crasse gross thick dull heavie Crassamen or crassamentum Wine lees Crassitude thickness or grosseness Cremaster is the muscle that holds up the stones Cremor the top or flower of any liquor or cream of milk yeast the juyce of steeped barley c. Cribration sifting Crisis the sign of natures victory over the disease whereby is judged Whether the disease will prove deadly or dangerous to the patient Critical day is every seventh day in Fevers wherein appears some remarkable or eminent accident serving to shew Whether Nature or the Disease be in most probability to get the victory and these accidents are either some swelling evacuation bleeding or other great change to the better or worse whereby the patient is judged in a condition hopeful or hopeless Crocus martis saffron of iron good against all fluxes Crocus veneris saffron of copper or refined verdegrease it expelleth drieth clenseth and healeth Chronick diseases such as continue a long time Christalline an humor in the eye resembles a little cake of chrystal if you open a Calves eye carefully you may take it out whole Cruciate to torment afflict put to pain to grieve or vex Crucible a Glasse wherein things are burnt to prepare them for beating to pouder Cubebs A certain fruit sold by Apothecaries like Pepper it comes out of India its hot and dry it comforts the brain and quickens the spirits being chewed in the mouth Crude raw undigested which happens to the blood or to the meat in the stomach Cruent bloody Cucupha Caps quilted with medicinal things as dryed rosemary c. Culins stalks Culinary belonging to the kitching Cumulation congestion Cultellated made sharp edged Cultivate to manure till dress the earth to improve or better any soyl or grain Cupping glass is a glass fastened to the skin with lighted tow or flax to draw blood or raise a blyster Cummin one of the four greater hot seeds its hot and dry good to break or dissolve windiness in the body Cutchoneal a Drug brought from beyond Sea of great use in Physick it being an excellent cordial Cuticle scarf-skin the first containing or investing part which runs upon the surface of the skin Cydoniatum conserve of quinces called marmalade Cynorexia appetitus caninus a greediness and unnatural appetite of meat D Dandril scales of the head beard and eye-brows Daphnaelion Oleum Laurinum oyle of Bays Dation the quantity or dosis of any medicament that is administred to the patient at once Dealbate that maketh white Debility a weak state of body Declination is that time of a disease which follows that we call the state the going away of a disease Decoctio Epythemi the Decoction of Dodder Decoction the liquor or broth wherein are boyled herbs and other simples to serve as the basis or foundation of many medicines Decorticated stripped of their skins peels or barks Deduce draw to and fro Definitly exactly particularly Defluxion the flowing of humors to any particular part Deject cast out Deleates takes away Deletary poysonous destructive Deliquation is the preparatiof things melted on the fire Deliquium is the liquation of a concrete as salt powder calcined set in a moist place Delirium raving and frenzy a talking idlely in sickness Demerged plunged under water Demoniack one possest with a devil Demonstrated proved to the sense beyond contradiction Denigrate
Injection a medicinal liquor cast with a syringe or Clyster-pipe into the Womb Fundament or Bladder Innoxiously without harm or danger Inoculate is by cutting a round hole in the bark of one tree and a bud off another to set it on the hole of the former with clay Inodorous without smell Inordinate irregular unruly masterless Inquination defilement corruption pollution Insensible passages are certain passages in the body not perceivable to sense by reason of their smalness Insensible not to be perceived by the senses Inserted engrafted or joynted into Instinct a strong inclination impuls or secret prompting Insipid tasteless Insolation is a steeping or infusion of any thing in liquor and setting it in the Sun Inspersion sprinckling upon Inspissate juyce is the juyce of some herb boyled to the thickness of honey Integral whole or entire Intension and Remission encrease and decrease Insuavity unwholsomness or stinking Insuave unpleasant Integral whole Intercept stopped in the mid-way Intercostales the Muscles which are woven between the ribs and fill up the distances between them Intermission ceassing leaving off between whiles Internal inward Intermediate mediating between Intermitting pulse is that which the fit holds up a while and then beats again which is a sign of extreme sickness Intervention coming between Intestinum Jejunum the empty gut Intestinum caecum the blind gut Intestinum rectum the arsegut Intestinum duodenum the gut next the stomach Intestina Gracilia the little guts Intestina terrae Lumbrici terrestes earth-worms Intoxicate to bewitch to amaze or extremely dull ones spirit Introsumed taken inwardly Invalidity weakness want of strength Invasions of a disease the return of the fit Inversio ventriculi an inversion of the stomach Investigate search out Inveterate grows old Involution a wrapping up one thing in another Irradiation a shining upon Irrigation a sprinkling of moisture upon things that are to be dissolved that they may melt more easily Irritated provoked stirred to anger Ischias the Sciatica Ischuria urinaeretentio a stoppage of the urine Jucundity pleasantness Jugular veins the throat veins Jugulates signifies to choak or kill Juleps pleasant cooling drinks made most commonly of distill'd waters and syrups and given to allay heat and quench thirst in Fevers Jujubes certain Plums of Italy sold here by Apothecaries some of them are white others red round like an Olive of a sweet taste having a small hard stone if they be long kept they grow dry and full of wrinkles they are of a temperate quality and are good against the cough roughness of the throat and against all exulcerations of the kidneys and bladder but of hard digestion K Katagmatica medicines effectual in conjoyning broken bones L Lacca a kind of red Gum brought out of Arabia and sold here by Apothecaries good against diseases of the breast and comfortable to the liver Lac Virginis Maiden milk see the preparation in the general practice of Physick Lacrymae the tears of juyces or gums that distill from trees and plants of their own accord Lacteous milky Lagopthalmus or the flarecys in this disease the patient sleeps with his eyes open because his eye-lids are so short that it will not cover them Lambative medicines to be lick'd up and swallowed down softly appropriated to the Lungs Lapis Granutus the Granate stone it is pretious in medicines but by reason of its costliness is soldom used Lapis magnetis the Loadstone for value far exceeding the Diamond of a drawing and healing quality Lapis Hematis Bloud-stone good to stench bleeding inwardly and outwardly with many other medicinal vertues Lapis prunellae a stone made of salt-niter it is good against tooth-ach inflamations and sores of the mouth or throat and hot fevers taken inwardly Lapis sabulosus is a great secret in curing a Fracture being daily given the patient one dram a day mixing it with the outward medicine and applied to the pained place Larynx diseases of the teeth gums jaws pallate wind-pipe the throat or organ of the voice Larch turpentine a kind of Rosin or Turpentine that grows upon Larch-tree in Italy it s often used in oyntments and playsters to clense and heal wounds it may be taken inwardly with Hony and so it cleanseth the breast loosens the belly and is good to expel the stone and gravel Lassitude weariness Lateres stones or bricks for furnaces Latifolious with broad leaves Lateres Cribrati pouder of bricks used in preparing medicines to make good lute as well as otherwayes Laudanum a yellowish gum as some write but others affirm it to be made of a dew which falleth upon a certain Herb in Greece some say it s taken hanging at Goats-beards that feed among that plant It 's often used in Pomanders and being annointed upon the head with oyl of Myrtles it strengthens the skin and keeps the hair from falling off Lapis Lazuli a blew stone of a kind of marble with veins of gold in it it is hot and dry and being rightly prepared it's good against melancholly diseases and by cleansing the bloud preserves from the leprosie Leguminous a kind of pulse Leniating looseness Lenitive a gentle purge Lenocinies gentle medicines Lentor a clammy or glewish humor Lenetives gentle medicines to loosen the belly or plaisters or oyntments to ease pain Lepra the leprosie a disease causing a roughness of the skin with black wannish spots and dry parched scales and scurff Lethal deadly Lethargy a sleepy disease in which the senses and reason it self seem to sleep Levative medicines easing pain Leviate ease pain Levigated finely poudered Leucophlegmatia a kind of dropsie Liberates frees or releases Libidinous lustful leacherous Lichen a tetter or ringworm Lienteria intestinorum levitus a kind of flux of the stomach when the meat and drink runs from a man as he taketh it without concoction or alteration Ligamenta sinews Ligature bands wherewith joynts dislocated and broken bones are bound up and contained in their places till they may knit and grow together again it signifies also a binding of any part so hard as that thereby the bloud and humors through the pain and straitness of the ligature is drawn from the place or diseased part to the part so bound Ligneous a woody substance Ligula Uvula a little piece of flesh in the roof of the mouth Limbeck a still to distil waters Limation filing Limatura martis the filings of horn used for the making of Crocus martis Limpid clear pure transparent Linetus Eclegma lambetivum or Confection that is not chewed but licked in and by the Apothecaries is called by an Arabian word viz. Lohoch Liniments oyntments used for curing the scurvy dropsie and palsie Lipitude purblindness Lipothymy a swouning wherein one seemeth to be dead the vital spirits being suddenly opprest Liquation making liquid Liquified made liquid or turn'd to water Lithargy the foam or scum that riseth from Lead Silver or Gold c. when they are tryed It is cold in operation and of frequent use with Surgeons in oyntments and
plaisters being of a gentle drying clensing binding nature Lithiasis the Disease of the stone engendered in a mans body Lithontribon a Confection of the Apothecaries so called because it drives away and breaks the stone in a mans body Lithontriptica Medicines breaking the stone in the Bladder Lixivium see Lucinium Lixive Lee. Loches or Child-bed purgations and immoderate flux caused from the over-wide opening of the vessels or their tearing in hard travel Loch Lohoch or Linctus is a thick syrup or other soft substance not to be swallowed but let melt in the mouth that so it may gently slide down and thereby have the more vertue against diseases of the breast lungs and throat Longanum the arse-gut Longaevity long life or old age Lotion a preparing of medicines or washing Loture the washings or water wherein any thing that leaves a taste or tincture behind it hath been washed Lozenges little tablets made up of several things with sugar to lie and melt in the mouth taken for colds Lubricating making slippery loosening Lues a plague or pestilence Lues venerea the French pox a plague containing all diseases in one and seldom cured perfectly Lucinium lixivum lye made of ashes which is profitable in healing outwardly and inwardly the best in caustick medicines Lunacy a disease wherein the patient is distracted at certain times of the Moon Lutation is a medicine thick or thin according to the heat and continuance of the fire which exactly stops the mouth of the vessel that no vapor pass out Lutetia Paris Luxation a loosening of the joynts Lycium a decoction made of the juyce or decoction of the bramble root Lysiponium medicines mitigating pain M Maceration steeping or soaking any thing in liquor till it be almost dissolved Macerated steeped Macilent lean slender Madefaction weting or making wet Madid moist wet Magistral syrup is a particular syrup prescribed by a skilful Physitian to his patient for a particular disease Malacia Pica a corrupt appetite by reason of humors gathered about the mouth of the stomach which is the cause of longings in women Malaxation softening loosening Malcolent that hath an ill smell Malignant medicaments violent pernicious unwholsome destructive medicines Malleable abiding the Hammer or Mallet or which may be wrought or beaten therewith Mamillary veins passages from the Womb to the breasts serving to convey the menstrual bloud thither to be converted into milk Manducated chewed Manna a kind of sweet dew like sugar Mania madness a doting without a fever with raging and fury Maniple an handful of herbs flowers roots and such like things Mansuete tame Manus Christi sugar boyled with Rose-water without putting any thing else to it it may be made with violet water or cinnamon water Mandrake a forrein plant bearing yellow round Apples the root of this herb is great and white like a Parship growing in two branches like the legs of a Woman which gives opportunity to Jugglers to Counterfeit obscene beastly Images therewith the root especially the bark is extreme cold and dry even to the fourth degree it is therefore very dangerous to be taken inward it 's usually given to cast people into a dead sleep when they are to be dismembered or cut of the stone Marchasia minerals which are unprepared as silver oar lead oar c. Marchasite a stone participating with the nature of some metal yet in some small quantity that the metal cannot be melted from it but will vapour away in smoak the stone turning to ashes These Marchasites are commonly in colour like the metal mixed with them whether it be gold silver brass or any other Some call any stone out of which fire may be struck a Marchasite Marcid musty unwholsome stinking nasty Marcor corruption rottenness Margarites the fairest sorts of pearls Mariscus the Piles Mastick a white and clear gum of a sweet savor it grows on the Lentisk tree in the Island of Chios it 's temperate in heat and of a dry binding nature whereby it strengthens the stomach stayes vomiting and stops any issue of bloud it 's good to rub the teeth to fasten them and make them white Masticatories medicines to be chewed to bring away Rheum from malignity the venemous or poysonful quality of certain Humors and Diseases which makes them for the most part deadly Matter or Quittour the white thick filth that issues from sores and ulcers when they are on the mending hand Matrix Mediana vena the Median vein Matrix the Womb or place of Conception Maturity ripeness Measles a kind of small pox which arises from the impurities of the Mothers bloud Mechoacan a whitish root brought out of India called by some Indian or white Rhubarb it 's hot in the first and dry in the second degree and purgeth all humors of what kind soever with much ease it clenseth and comforteth the liver and all inward parts Mediastinum so called because it mediateth or divideth the chest in the midst Medicamen de Turbith a purging medicine Medick Physitian an abbreviation of the Latin word medicus Medium whatever is transparent or may be seen through is called a medium to the sight principally the air as its either thick or thin also glass water horn are called mediums when question is of seeing through them Medulla pith marrow Mel Honey is laxative clensing softening and healing Melancholia a melancholy kind of madness a doting without a fever with fear and sadness Melanogogon purgers of Melancholy Melitites honyed Wine Mellifluous sweet as hony Membrane a fleshy skin a coat serving as a coat for the arteries and veins Membranous skinny substances like parchment Meninges the films or Tunicles which are the coverings or coats wherein the brain is contained Menstruous a Woman which hath upon her her monthly flowers or which belongeth to them Mercury and Mercurial purges such as are made of Quicksilver chymically prepared Mercurius Quicksilver like a seeming friend which heals and kills Mercurius praecipitatus and sublimatus Mercury precipitate and sublimate Mercurius solis mercury of gold I shall leave the description hereof to the Philosophers by the fire Mercurius Lunae mercury of silver Mercurius martis mercury of iron Mercurius jovis mercury of tin Mercurius saturni mercury of lead Mercury is a liquid substance sowr or sharp volatile penetrable airy and most pure from which all nourishment proceeds Meri Arabum Oesephagus the mouth of the stomach Mesentery the skin which holds the guts together and runs along amongst them full of fatty knobs Metra Hippocratis uterus the Womb. Metrenchyta an instrument to inject liquid medicines into the Womb. Michleta the name of a Confection so called Microcosmographia a description of the body of man Microcosmus it properly signifies a little World but it 's commonly used to signifie a man who in himself hath something or other answering to any part of the great World Mictus sanguinis is a disease of the Reins through which thin wheyish bloud is passed Midriasis is the dilatation