Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
nature_n	cold_a	hot_a	moist_a	5,424	5	10.2024	5	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A40528	Meteors, or, A plain description of all kind of meteors as well fiery and ayrie, as watry and earthy, briefly manifesting the causes of all blazing-stars, shooting stars, flames in the aire, thunder, lightning, earthquakes, rain, dew, snow, clouds, sprigs, stones, and metalls / by W.F.	Fulke, William, 1538-1589.; F. W. Observations on Dr. F. his booke of meteors.	1655 (1655)	Wing F2260A; ESTC R28245	64,212	186

burning on a light fire and himself not ware of it Thus much concerning these Flames Of Comets or Blazing Stars A Comet is an exhalation hot and dry of great quantity fat and clammy hard-compact like a great lump of pitch which by the heat of the Sun is drawn out of the Earth into the highest region of the Air and there by the excessive heat of the place is set on fire appearing like a star with a blazing tayl and somtime is moved after the motion of the Air which is circular but it never goeth down out of the compass of sight though it be not seen in the day-time for the brightness of the Sun but still burneth until all the matter be consumed An argument of the greatness is this that there was never any Comet yet perceived but at the least it endured 7 days but much longer they have been seen namely forty days long yea fourscore days and some six months together Wherefore it must needs be a wonderfull deal of matter that can give so much nourishment for so great and fervent fire aud for so long a time There are considered in a Comet specially the Colour and Fashion which both arise of the disposition of the matter Their Colours be either white ruddy or blew If the matter be thin the colour is white if it be meanly thick then is the Comet ruddy after the colour of our fire but when the matter is very thick it is blew like the burning of brimstone And as the matter is more or less after this disposition so is the Comet of colour more or less like to these three principal colours some yellowish some duskish some greenish some watchet c. In Fashion are noted three differences for either they seem to be round with beams round about or with a beard hanging downward or else with a tayl stretched out sidelong in length The first fashion is when the matter is thickest in the midst and thin round about the edges the second is when the Exhalation is upward thick and in length downward also meanly thick the third form is like the second saving that the tayl hangeth not down but lyeth aside and is commonly longer then the beard The time of their generation is oftnest in Autumn or Harvest for in the Spring there is too much moisture and too little heat to gather a Comet in Summer is too much heat which will disperse and consume the matter that it cannot be joined together as for Winter it is clean contrary to the nature of a Comet which is hot and dry Winter being cold and moyst therefore no time so meet as Autumn Now for so much as many Learned men have gone about to declare the signification of Blazing stars we will omitt nothing that hath any shadow of Reason but declare what is written of them Such things as are set forth of the betokening of Comets are of two sorts The first is of natural The second of Civil or Politick Effects They are said to betoken Drought Barrenness of the Earth and Pestilence Drought because a Comet cannot be generated without great heat and much moysture is consumed in the burning of it Barrenness because the fatness of the Earth is drawn up whereof the Comet consisteth Pestilence for so much as this kinde of Exhalation corrupteth the Air which infecteth the bodies of men and beasts The Second sort might well be omitted saving that Aristotle himself disdaineth not to seek out Causes for some of them Generally it is noted of all Historiographers that after the appearing of Comets most commonly follow great and notable Calamities Beside this they betoken say some Wars Seditions Changes of Commonwealths and the Death of Princes and Noble men For what time Comets do shine there be many hot and dry Exhalations in the Ayr which in dry men kindle heat whereby they are provoked to Anger of Anger commeth brawling of brawling fighting and war of war victory of victory change of Commonwealths then also Princes living more delicately then other men are more subject to infection and therefore dye sooner then other men If it were lawfull to reason of this sort we might enduce them to betoken not only these few things but all other things that chance in the world Yet these predictions have a shew of Reason though it be nothing necessary but it is a wonder to see how the Astrologians dote in such devices they are not ashamed to an earthly substance to ascribe an heavenly influence and in order of judgment to use them as very stars Surely by as good reason as to the Celestial stars they attribute Divine influences and effects But this their folly hath been sufficiently detected by divers godly and learned men and this place requireth no long discourse thereof Wherefore this shall suffice both for the natural Causes of Blazing stars and also for all Flames in general It followeth therefore that with like brevity we declare the Causes of Fiery Apparitions Of Apparitions AN Apparition is an Exhalation in the lowest or highest Region of the Air not verily burning but by refraction of light either of the Sun or of the Moon seeemeth as though it burned which appearance of colour riseth not of the mixtion of the four qualities as it doth in bodies perfectly mixed as Herbs Stones c. but only the falling of light upon shadow the light is instead of white and the shadow of darkness instead of black These diversly mixed according to the divers dispositions of the Exhalation which ministreth variety by thickness or thinness cause divers Colours There be commonly recited three kindes of Fiery Apparitions Colours Wide-gapings and Deep holes which appear in the Clouds Of Colours Colours are here meant when there is nothing else to be noted but the Colours of the clouds and they are caused as it is said by casting the light into the shadowy Cloud according as it exceedeth more or less in thickness whereof some be very bright-white and that is when the Exhalation is very thin some yellowish when the Exhalation is thicker some ruddy when it is meanly thick and very black when it is very thick The red and ruddy Colours are seen in the morning and evening when the light of the Sun is not in his full force for at other times of the day his light is too vehement clear strong and peircing Thus much of Colours Of Wide-gaping Wide-gaping is caused when an Exhalation is thick in the midst and thin on the edges then the light being received into it causeth it to appear as though the sky did rend and fiâ—e break out of it Of round opening Hiatus These holes called Hiatus differ from Wide-gapings in nothing but that they be less and therefore seem as though they were deep pits or holes and not rending or gaping And these be those Apparitions that appear Fiery and yet be not so indeed Therefore let this be

sufficient to have shewed the natural Causes of all Fiery Meteors THE THIRD BOOK Of Airy Impressions UNder the name of Airy Impressions be comprehended such Meteors whose matter is most of the Air. Of this sort be Winds Earthquakes Thunder Lightnings Storme-Winds Whirlwinds Circles Rainbowes The White Circle called of some WATLING street many Suns many Moons Of Winds THe Wind is an Exhalation hot and dry drawn up into the Air by the power of the Sun and by reason of the weight thereof being driven down is laterally or sidelong carried about the Earth And this Definition is not to be understood of general Winds that blow over all the Earth or else some great Regions but besides these there be particular Winds which are known but only in some Countries and them not very large These Winds oftentimes have another manner of generation and that is on this manner It must needs be confessed that within the globe of the Earth be wonderfull great holes caves or dungeons in which when Air aboundeth as it may by divers Causes this Air that cannot abide to be penned in findeth a little hole in or about those Countries as it were a mouth to break out of and by this meanes bloweth vehemently yet that force and vehemency extendeth not far but as the wind that commeth forth of bellows neer the comming forth is strong but far off is not perceived so this Particular Wind in that particular Country where it breaketh forth is very violent and strong in so much that it overthroweth both trees and houses yet in other Countries not very far distant no part of that boysterous blast is felt Wherefore this Wind differeth from the general Winds both in Qualities and Substance or Matter for the Matter of them is an Exhalation and the Qualities such as the nature of the Exhalation is very Airy but not Air indeed but of this particular Wind the Matter and Substance is most commonly Air. There is yet a third kinde of Wind which is but a soft gentle and cool moving of the Air and commeth from no certain place as the general Wind doth yea it is felt in the shadow under trees when in the hot light and shining of the Sun it is not perceived It commeth whisking suddenly very pleasant in the heat of Summer and ceaseth by and by this properly is no Wind but a moving of the Air by some occasion As for the general Winds they blow out of divers Quarters of the Air now East now West now South now North or else inclining to one of the same Quarters Among which the East-wind following the nature of the Fire is hot and dry the South-wind expressing the quality of the Air is hot and moyst the Western blast agreeing with the Waters property is cold and moyst the North that never was warmed with the heat of the Sun being cold and dry partaketh the condition of the Earth The middle Winds have middle and mixed qualities after the nature of those Four principal Winds more or less as they incline toward them more or less Generally the profit of all Winds by the wonderfull wisdom of the Eternal God is very great unto his Creatures For besides that these Winds alter the Weather some of them bringing rain some driness some frost and snow which all are necessary there is yet an universal Commodity that riseth by the only moving of the Air which were it not continually stirred as it is would soon putrify and being putrified would be a deadly infection to all that hath breath upon the Earth Wherefore this wind whose sound we hear and know not from whence it commeth nor whither it goeth for who can affirm from whence it was raised or where it is laid down as all other Creatures beside does teach us the wonderfull and wise providence of God that we may worthily cry out with the Psalmist and say O Lord how manifold are thy works in wisdome hast thou made them all c. Let this be sufficient to have shewed the generation of the Winds Of Earthquakes AN Earthquake is a shaking of the Earth which is caused by meanes of wind and Exhalations that be enclosed within the caves of the Earth and can find â—o passage to break forth or else so narrow a way that it cannot soon enough be dilivered Wherefore with great force and violence it breaketh out and one while shaketh the Earth another while rendeth and cleaveth the same somtime it casteth up the Earth a great hight into the Air and somtime it causeth the same to sink a great depth down swallowing both Cities and Townes yea and also mighty great Mountaines leaving in the place where they stood nothing but great holes of an unknown depth or else great lakes of Waters Of divers kinds of Earthquakes DIvers Authors write diversly of the kinds of Earthquakes some making more and some less but we shall be content at this time to comprehend them in four sorts The first kind is when the Earth is shaken laterally to one side which is when the whole force of the wind driveth to one place and there is no other contrary motion to let it This wind if it be not great shaketh the Earth that it trembleth as a man that hath a fit of an ague and doth no more harme but if it be great and violent it looseth the foundations of all buildings be they never so strong and overthroweth whole Cities but especially the great buildings and not only such buildings but somtimes also casteth down great Hilles that cover and overwhelm all the valleys under them Many noble and great Cities have been overthrown by this kind of Earthquake It is written that twelve of the most beautifull Cities and most sumptuous buildings in all Asia were overthrown and utterly destroyed with an Earthquake How often Antiochia yea within short time was destroyed they which have read the Histories can testifie How terrible was the Earthquake that shook Constantinople a whole year together that the Emperour and all the people were fain to dwell abroad in the fields under tents and pavilions for fear their houses would fall on their heads it is recorded in the Chronicles and worthy to be remembered The second kind is when the Earth with great violence is lifted up so that the buildings are like to fall and by and by sinketh down again this is when all the force of the winds striveth to get upward after the nature of gunpowder and finding some way to be delivered out of bondage the Earth that was hoysied up returneth to his old place The third kind is a gaping rending or cleaving of the Earth when the Earth sinketh down and swalloweth up Cities and Townes with Castles and Towers Hilles and Rocks Rivers and Floods so that they be never seen again Yea the Sea in some places hath been drunk up so that men might have gone over on

a certain watry thing and yet is not water so Exhalation hath a certain earthly nature in it but yet it is not earth For the better understanding of Vapors understand that they be as it were fumes or smokes warme and moist which will easily bee resolved into water much like to the breath that proceedeth out of a mans mouth or out of a pot of water standing on the fire These vapours are drawn up from the waters and watery places by the heat of the Sun even unto the middle region of the aire and there after divers manner of meeting with coldnesse many kind of moist Meteors are generated as sometimes clouds and raine sometime snow and hail and that such Vapours are so drawn up by the Sunne it is plaine by experience for if there be a plash of water on a smooth and hard stone standing in the heat of the Sun it will soon be drie which is none otherwise but that the Sun draweth up the water in thinne Vapors for no man is so fond to say that it can sink into stone or mettal and it is as great folly to think it is consumed to nothing for it is a general rule That that which is once a thing cannot by changing become nothing wherefore it followeth that the water on the stone as also on the earth is for the most part drawn up when the stone or earth is dryed Exhalations are as smokes that be hot and dry which because they be thinne and lighter then Vapors passe the lowest and middle Region of the aire and are carryed up even to the highest Region where for the excessive heat by neerness of the fire they are kindled and cause many kind of impressions They are also sometimes viscose that is to say clammy by reason whereof they cleaving together and not being dispersed are after divers sorts set on fire and appear sometimes like Dragons sometimes like Goats sometimes like candles sometimes like spears By that which is spoken of Vapours and Exhalations it is evident that out of the fire and aire no matter whereof Meteors should consist can be drawn because of their subtilty and thinnesse For all Exhalation is by making a grosser body more thinne but the fire we mean the elemental fire and not the fire of the Kitchin chimney is so subtil and thinne that it cannot be made thinner likewise the aire is so thinne that if it be made thinner it is changed into fire and as the fire if it were made thicker would become aire so the aire being made grosser would be turned into water Wherefore to conclude this part the great quantity of matter that causeth these Meteors is taken out of the earth and the water As for the aire and the fire they are mixed with this matteâ— as with all other things but not so abundantly that they may be said thâ— material cause of any Meteor thougâ— without them none can be generated The efficient cause of all Meteors is thaâ— caus which maketh them even as the Carpenter is the efficient cause of an house This cause is either first or second The first and efficient cause is God the worker of all wonders according to that testimonie of the Psalmist which saith Fire haile snow ice wind and storme doe his will and commandment he sendeth snow like wooll c. Almightie God therefore being the first principall and universall cause efficient of all natural works and effects is also the first cause of these effects whose profit is great and operation marvellous The second cause efficient is double either remote that is to say farre off or next of all The farther cause of them as of all other naturall effects is the same the Sun with the other Planets and Stars and the very heaven it self in which they are moved But chiefly the Sunne by whose heat all or at least wise the most part of the vapors and Exhalations are drawn up The next cause efficient as the first qualities are heat and cold which cause divers effects in Vapors Exhalations But to return to the heat of the Sun which is a very neere cause it is for this purpose two wayes considered One way as it is meane and temperate Otherwise as it is vehement and burning The meane is by which he draweth vapors out of the water and exhalations out of the earth and not onely draweth them out but also lifteth them up very high from the earth into the aire where they are turned into divers kinds of Meteors The burning heat of the Sunne is by which he burneth dissipateth and consumeth the vapors and exhalations before he draweth them up so that of them no Meteors can be generated These two heats proceed from the Sun either in respect of the place or the time but most properly according to the casting of his beames either directly or undirectly In place where the Sunnes beames strike directly against the earth and the water the heat is so great that it burneth up the Exhalations and Vapours so that there are no fiery Meteors much lesse watery as it is in the South parts of the world under and neere to the Equinoctiall line But in places where the beames are cast indirectly and obliquely and that where they are not too nigh to the direct beams nor too far off from them there is a moderate heat drawing out great abundance of matter so that in those Countries many Meteors of many sorts are generated as in the far North parts are few but watry impressions Also in Autumn and Spring are oftner Meteors seene then in Summer and Winter except it be in such places where the Summer and Winter are of the temper of the Spring and Autumne Let this be sufficient for the Efficient causes of impressions as well first and principall as second and particular Concerning the formal and finall cause we have little to say because the one is so secret that it is known of no man the other so evident that it is plaine to all men The essentiall Form of all substances Gods wisedome comprehendeth the universall chiefe and last End of all things is the glory of God Middle Ends if they may be so called of these impressions are manifold profits to Gods creatures to make the earth fruitfull to purge the aire to set forth his power to threaten his vengeance to punish the world to move to repentance all which are referred to one end of Gods eternall glory ever to be prased Amen Of the places in which they are generated THe places in which Meteors are caused be either the aire or the earth in the air be generated rain hail snow dew blazing stars thunder lightning c. In the earth be welles springs earthquakes metals minerals c. made and as it were in their mothers belly begotten and fashioned But for the better understanding hereof such as have not tasted the principles of Philosophy must consider that there be foure

gravell c. Clay is mixed with fat moysture taking his Colour of the mixture with red from white but being cold it is not so fruitful as Marble which is not alwaies so moist as it Chalke is an Earth by heat concocted after divers mixtions and dried up Oker both yellow and red with such like are of the same nature with mixtion of red more or lesse Sand and gravell are dryed Earths as it were frozen by cold gravell is grosse and apparent sand though it be finer is of the same generation consisting of many small bodies which are congealed into stones Sand seemeth to be clay dryed by cold and clotted together into small stones whereof some are thorow-shining which were the moist parts the thick were of the grosse part the same is gravell but of greater stones consisting The like judgment is to be given of all other kinds of Earth whose generation by the similitude of these will not be very hard to find out They that list to know the divers kindes of Earths must have recourse to Plinius Cardanus and other Writers that recite a great number of them but these are the chiefe and most common kindes Of Liquors concrete WE take not liquors concrete so largely as the word doth signifie for then should we comprehend both the other kinds following But only those liquors called in Lattine Succi which are as it were middle betweene metalls and stone of which some being fat and oyly doe burne as Brimstone Sea-coles Jet bitumen c. and the kinds of all these Othersome do not burne as Salt Allum Copperas Saltpeeter c. and the kinds of these Of the first sort which are generated of Earthy and Airy Vapors Fumes and Exhalations the chief and most notable is Brimstone which seemeth to be the matter of all dry and hot qualities that are in Earthly Meteors The rest are generated of such like Vapors as Brimstone is but then they be diversly mixed as the coles have much Earth mixed with Brimstone Jet seemeth to be all one but better concocted then coles Of Amber is great contention whether it be a minerall or the sperme of a Whale for it is found in the Sea cast upon the shore Now the Whales seed being of the very same qualities is taken more and lesse concrete of divers hardness some almost as hard as Amber some softer and some liquid yet Cardan plainly defineth that Amber is a Mineral Whether he have reason or experience contrary to the vulgar opinion let them consider that list to contend These Minerals that will resolve with fire it is apparent that they were concrete with cold in that they burnt it is manifest they have a fat and clammy substance mixed with them as the other kind hath not which will not resolve so well with fire as with Water which be salt copperas saltpeeters c. These burne not being watery Earthy and not fat unctuous nor clammy These be of divers colours black as Coles and Jett because there is much Earthy substance mixed with their sulphurous matter Some be sheere as Salt and Allome having a substance Watery dryed and concrete Copperas is greene because it hath much cold matter that is blue mixed with it Salt the most common and necessary of all these liquors concrete that be moist and not fatty hath two manner of generations one natural and the other artificial The natural generation is when it is first generated in the Earth after commeth the water of the Sea and is infected with it out of which the Salt is againe artificially gathered Of these liquors concrete be those strange welâ— and springs infected of which was spoken in the latter end of the fourth book Most notably Brimstone causeth the hot Bathes and burneth in Aetna of Sicilia and Vesuvius of Italy casting up the Pumice stones of which is no place here to treat Of Metals MEtals be substances perfectly mixed that will melt with heat and be brought into all manner of fashions that a man will Of these the Alchymists say there be Seven kinds to answer to the Seven Planets Gold Silver Copper Tinne Lead Iron and Quick-silver that they call Mercury But saving their Authority Quick-silver is no more a Metal then Brimstone which is as necessary to the generation of Metal as Quick-silver is For they all agree that all Metals are generated of Sulphur that is Brimstone which because it is hot they call the father and Mercury that is Quick-silver which because it is moist they call the mother so by as good reason may they call Brimstone a Metall as Mercury Then there remaineth but Six perfect Metals Gold Silver Copper Tinne Lead and Iron Of Gold THat most unprofitable and hurtfull of all Metals Gold which most men dispraise and yet all men would have is of all other Metals the rarest it is only perfect the rest are corruptible Gold never corrupteth by rust because it is pure from poysonous infection and most solid that it receiveth not the Air into it which causeth all things to corrupt It is perfectly concocted with sufficient heat and mixture of Sulphur all other Metals either are not so well concocted or else they have not the due quantity of Brimstone This opinion hath also place among the Alchymists that because Nature in all her Works seeketh the best End she intendeth of all Metals to make Gold but being lett either for want of good mixture or good concoction she bringeth forth other Metals indeed not so precious but much more profitable and the less precious the more profitable for there is more use to the necessities of mans life in Iron and Lead then in Gold and Silver but either the beauty or the perfection or at least the rareness of Gold and Silver have obtained the estimation of all men so that for them is sold all manner of things holy and profane bodily and spiritual What paines do not men take to win Gold Every man hath one way or other to hunt after it but the Alchymist despising all other ways as slow unnatural and unprofitable laboureth either to help Nature in her work as of unperfect Metals to make perfect or else to force Nature to his purpose by his Quintessences and Elixars so that whatby purging what by concocting what by mixing of Sulphur and Quick-silver and much other like stuff at length he turneth the wrong side of his gown outward all the teeth out of his head and his body from health to a Palsey and then he is a Philosopher and so he will be called Of Silver SIlver the most pure Metal next unto Gold hath indifferent good concoction in the Earth but it wanteth sufficient heat in the mixture that maketh it pale It is found as they say running into divers veins as all other Metals be but this most specially after the shape and fashion of a tree lieing along with a body or stock of proportion like

to the body of a tree also with armesâ— branches leaves and fruits This Metal Silver lacketh sufficient heat and therefore commeth neither to the colour solidity nor perfection of Gold and is generated in cold countries neer unto the North and South Poles in so great quantity that the Husbandmen when they plow their ground turn up silver among he clods in their daily labours which they do hide and conceal least the greedy Princes for Coveteousness of the Mettal should overturn and destroy their land The Gold Mines are contrariwise most found in the hot Countries of India and Aethiopia because in them is sufficient of heat for that unhappy generation This Silver also the Alchymists would fain make by Aiâ— but Mercury the chief Master of the Work is so subtile and so sly that nothing can hold him nothing can kill him for if the glass be not very thick he will soon break out of prison and so there is nothing left Of Copper COpper in colour comming neerest to Gold being not so solid nor massy for of all Metal Gold is the heavyest giveth way to Corruption being infected with that green Mineral Copperas Hereof be divers kindes Brass Latin and such like which differ in digestion the Copper being purest is of best digestion and neerest unto Gold and so the rest in like degrees Copper is most like Silver in the weight and in the hammering wherefore the Alchymists have learned to make it white that it deceiveth mens sight and handling but the Gold miths do easily try it and by the taste of counterfeit Silver make Copper again Copper or Brass doth always grow neer to the Mine of Copperas which running with it in the digestion or natural concoction hindereth it of perfection maketh it to stink and to be eaten of a green rust Much adoe the Alchymists have to tuâ—n it into Gold if it might be they dispute very reasonably and conclude almost necessarily in their Talk that it may be converted into Gold as a body that wanteth little of perfection which may be easily added unto it but in conclusion of the work it is an harder matter to bring to pass then it was to purpose before they had done it to build an Abbey at every Miles end upon Salisbury Plain as one was minded Of Tinne TInne whereof great plenty groweth in the West parts of England in beauty and colour commeth neerest to Silver and of Silver wanteth nothing but solidity and hardness for Tinne is raw and undigested metall also very porose and compact which causeth it to crash when it is broken or bitten so it faileth of heat in the commixtion and also sufficient digestion in the Earth otherwise it is a fair and profitable metall to serve the use of them unto whom Silver and Gold are not so plentifull Of Lead LEad also found in great abundance within this Realm is a raw and undigested metall as Tinne is but yet of better digestion then commixtion for it is mixed with a gross earthy substance which maketh it to be in colour so black and so fowl to corrupt so that of the same Fumes and Exhalations which if they had been pure and well digested if the place and matter would have suffered should have ben concrete into Silver for lack of the same Lead is generated which comming plentifully doth better service then Silver Of Iron IRon the most necessary and profitable of all other metals and yet as ill used of many as any other is generated of such substance as Silver is but mixed with a red Mineral which â—ateth it with red rust and also being of too extreame digestion passing â—ll other metals in hardness And as other metals to the perfection of Silver want sufficient concoction whereby â—hey come not to the same hardness â—o Iron passeth and exceedeth Silver in â—mmoderate digestion But though it â—ome not to the perfection of Silver God forbid that all Iron had been turâ—ed into Silver for then we should â—ore have missed it then silver or gold â—e want of which would hinder us â—othing at all Of Quick-silver THough Quick-silver be no metal yet because it is the mother of all metals something is here to be spoken of it There be divers and sundry opinions both of the generation and also the qualities of it which make the generation hard to find out For if the quality were certainly agreed upon there were an easier way found to try out the generation Some affirm that it is exceeding hot and that they would prove by the swift peircing thereof into other things that be porose Others say it is exceeding cold and that they prove by the exceeding weight of it As for the peircing they say it is caused of the exceeding moistness of which quality both parts dâ— grant that it is Concerning the generation some have said that it is purâ— and Elemental water some again have thought that it droppeth out oâ— heaven and is a part of the heavenlâ— stance And others say that it is generated in the Clouds and falleth down in the feilds in a Circle on those round Circles which are seen in many feilds that ignorant People affirm to be the rings of the Fairies dances It is certain that Quick-silver hath divers times faln out of the Clouds as we have declared in the Treatise of Wonderfull and Marvellous Raine but whether it so fall in â—ircles it is doubtfull The most probable opinion is that it is generated of moyst Vapors of the Earth coacted by cold much like to Water as Brimstone is of hot fumes coacted by cold much like to fire And thus much of metals Of Stones STones the fourth kind of Earthly mixed bodies have two manner of generations by most contrary qualities for heat doth harden moist bodies into stones and we see that clay it maketh exceeding hard brick Also the Thunderbolts in the clouds are generated by heat as before hath been shewed But cold doth by congealing generate many more stones then heat doth for the most part of all the stones that are digged out of the Earth are generated by cold which is able to convert any other kind of mixed substance into stone as hath beene partly shewed in the nature of wels and springs of which there be some in England which by their cold turne wood or any like thing into stones I have seene a peece of rotten wood which to sight was very light and like wood but in handling a very stone that was taken out of such a Wel. Also of other things taken out of the Earth turned into stones I have seene and found my selfe flâ—â—s with head and wings very hard stones also I have seen a heart a birds tongue a beasts stone a peare a plumme and divers other things turned into hard stones Of divers kinds of stones STones may first be divided into rude and beautifull the rude containe those great Rocks which are generated by many small parts

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