no_o better_a success_n than_o i_o have_v have_v before_o so_o that_o the_o argument_n may_v be_v plausible_o enough_o retort_v upon_o they_o that_o urge_v it_o 19_o and_o in_o case_n the_o trial_n shall_v succeed_v sometime_o or_o other_o for_o that_o it_o do_v not_o ordinary_o i_o have_v show_v already_o yet_o will_v there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o derive_v the_o effect_n from_o antiperistasis_n for_o though_o in_o such_o case_n the_o fire_n will_v contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n by_o hasten_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o snow_n yet_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n do_v but_o remote_o and_o by_o accident_n cause_v the_o production_n of_o ice_n since_o other_o agent_n will_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n that_o be_v qualify_v to_o make_v a_o quick_a dissolution_n of_o the_o snow_n whether_o they_o be_v hot_a or_o no_o as_o i_o have_v try_v that_o spirit_n and_o crude_a salt_n of_o nitre_n will_v either_o of_o they_o by_o a_o due_a application_n bring_v snow_n by_o dissolve_v it_o to_o congeal_v water_n though_o the_o spirit_n and_o the_o nitre_n be_v general_o agree_v upon_o to_o actual_o cold_a and_o one_o if_o not_o both_o of_o they_o to_o be_v potential_o cold_a too_o 20._o have_v thus_o dispatch_v the_o experiment_n pretend_v to_o evince_v a_o antiperistasis_n i_o must_v now_o examine_v the_o observation_n that_o be_v allege_v to_o that_o purpose_n of_o which_o the_o principal_a if_o not_o the_o only_a be_v these_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air._n the_o increase_n of_o man_n stomach_n in_o winter_n the_o generation_n of_o hail_n and_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a in_o cellar_n and_o other_o subterraneal_a place_n when_o the_o contrary_a quality_n reign_v in_o the_o air._n 21._o to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o i_o will_v not_o now_o dispute_v whether_o the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o air_n have_v real_o that_o coldness_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o it_o though_o our_o friend_n mr._n boyle_n seem_v to_o doubt_v whether_o that_o region_n be_v always_o and_o every_o where_o cold_a have_v be_v as_o strong_o prove_v as_o assert_v but_o pass_v over_o that_o question_n i_o see_v no_o need_n of_o implore_v the_o help_n of_o antiperistasis_n to_o keep_v the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o air_n for_o the_o most_o part_n cool_v for_o without_o at_o all_o take_n in_o the_o cause_n imagine_v by_o the_o school_n a_o obvious_a and_o sufficient_a one_o may_v be_v easy_o assign_v for_o the_o air_n be_v as_o to_z sense_n cold_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n so_o that_o when_o we_o feel_v it_o hot_a it_o be_v make_v so_o by_o some_o adventitious_a agent_n and_o that_o agent_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o sun_n who_o heat_v the_o air_n chief_o though_o not_o only_o by_o its_o reflect_a beam_n their_o heat_n be_v so_o languid_a by_o that_o time_n they_o arrive_v disperse_v at_o the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o air_n that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o overpower_v its_o natural_a coldness_n increase_v perchance_o by_o some_o frigorifick_a spirit_n that_o may_v find_v a_o more_o commodious_a harbour_n there_o then_o in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o whatever_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o coldness_n in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n i_o can_v but_o admire_v to_o find_v that_o coldness_n so_o 〈◊〉_d ascribe_v to_o antiperistasis_n by_o themistius_n and_o his_o friend_n the_o aristotelian_o for_o according_a to_o they_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o element_n of_o air_n to_o be_v as_o well_o hot_a as_o moist_a and_o according_a to_o the_o same_o peripatetic_n both_o the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o air_n always_o and_o the_o low_a in_o summer_n be_v hot_a the_o former_a by_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o imaginary_a element_n of_o fire_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n from_o the_o earth_n which_o two_o position_n be_v lay_v together_o i_o will_v fain_o learn_v of_o any_o aristotelian_a how_o antiperistasis_n come_v to_o take_v place_n here_o for_o according_a to_o they_o those_o body_n have_v their_o cold_a and_o heat_n increase_v by_o antiperistasis_n that_o be_v on_o both_o hand_n assail_v by_o body_n of_o a_o contrary_a quality_n to_o that_o which_o be_v natural_a to_o the_o surround_v body_n whereas_o the_o whole_a element_n of_o air_n and_o consequent_o the_o middle_a region_n be_v as_o they_o will_v persuade_v we_o hot_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n what_o shadow_n of_o probability_n be_v there_o that_o the_o high_a and_o low_a region_n by_o be_v hot_a shall_v make_v the_o middle_a region_n which_o be_v also_o natural_o hot_a intense_o and_o durable_o cold_a but_o though_o the_o objection_n be_v so_o clear_a that_o it_o need_v not_o to_o be_v insist_v on_o yet_o because_o it_o be_v but_o a_o argument_n ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la i_o shall_v add_v this_o for_o their_o sake_n that_o be_v not_o in_o this_o point_n peripatetic_n that_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o i_o that_o if_o the_o air_n be_v natural_o rather_o cold_a then_o hot_a the_o second_o region_n must_v owe_v the_o intenseness_n of_o that_o quality_n to_o antiperistasis_n for_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o opinion_n i_o oppose_v be_v this_o that_o both_o the_o first_o and_o the_o three_o region_n be_v considerable_o hot_a i_o will_v glad_o find_v it_o prove_v as_o to_o the_o upper_a region_n i_o confess_v i_o have_v not_o find_v the_o assertion_n contradict_v but_o that_o as_o little_a convince_v i_o as_o the_o uncontrouledness_n of_o the_o tradition_n about_o quicklime_n that_o i_o late_o confute_v it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v two_o reason_n allege_v to_o evince_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o supreme_a region_n of_o the_o air_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o to_o i_o seem_v cogent_a for_o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o vicinity_n of_o this_o region_n to_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n make_v it_o partake_v a_o high_a degree_n of_o heat_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o distance_n of_o that_o element_n which_o they_o place_v contiguous_a to_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o how_o little_a near_o to_o it_o the_o concave_a part_n of_o the_o upper_a region_n be_v than_o the_o convex_a of_o the_o middle_n we_o may_v easy_o conceive_v that_o in_o two_o distance_n that_o be_v both_o of_o they_o so_o immense_a so_o small_a a_o disparity_n can_v be_v much_o if_o at_o all_o more_o considerable_a than_o the_o great_a nearness_n of_o one_o side_n of_o a_o sheet_n of_o paper_n hold_v at_o three_o yard_n distance_n from_o a_o ordinary_a fire_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o same_o paper_n or_o then_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o small_a wart_n and_o of_o the_o neighbour_a part_n of_o the_o face_n when_o a_o man_n come_v within_o 2._o or_o 3._o yard_n of_o the_o fire_n but_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a while_n to_o prosecute_v this_o consideration_n because_o the_o argument_n against_o which_o it_o be_v allege_v be_v build_v upon_o the_o groundless_a supposition_n of_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n a_o figment_n which_o many_o of_o themselves_o do_v daily_o grow_v ashamed_a of_o as_o indeed_o its_o existence_n be_v as_o little_a to_o be_v discover_v by_o reason_n as_o perceive_v by_o sense_n 22._o the_o other_o argument_n for_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o three_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v that_o fiery_a meteor_n be_v kindle_v by_o it_o but_o not_o now_o to_o question_v whether_o all_o meteor_n that_o shine_v and_o therefore_o pass_v for_o fiery_a be_v real_o kindle_v exhalation_n we_o see_v that_o in_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n and_o in_o winter_n those_o fire_n that_o be_v call_v either_o helena_n or_o castor_n and_o pollux_n be_v generate_v in_o great_a storm_n and_o hang_v about_o the_o sail_n and_o shroud_n of_o ship_n nay_o do_v not_o we_o much_o more_o frequent_o see_v that_o lightning_n be_v produce_v at_o all_o season_n of_o the_o year_n for_o in_o warm_a country_n thousand_o have_v observe_v it_o to_o thunder_n and_o so_o have_v i_o in_o winter_n in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air._n and_o since_o it_o be_v not_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o air_n that_o kindle_v those_o exhalation_n and_o if_o notwithstanding_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o second_o region_n fiery_a meteor_n may_v be_v frequent_o generate_v there_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o production_n of_o such_o meteor_n shall_v argue_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o three_o region_n of_o the_o air._n and_o if_o that_o region_n be_v not_o hot_a than_o it_o will_v i_o presume_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o second_o must_v very_o improper_o be_v attribute_v to_o such_o a_o antiperistasis_n as_o it_o be_v general_o ascribe_v to_o 23._o i_o come_v next_o to_o consider_v
that_o aphoristical_a say_n of_o hypocrates_n ventres_fw-la hyeme_n esse_fw-la calidiores_fw-la together_o with_o the_o observation_n whereon_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v ground_v i_o will_v not_o now_o examine_v whether_o any_o argument_n for_o the_o contrary_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o heat_n and_o thirst_v man_n feel_v in_o summer_n and_o the_o refreshment_n they_o then_o find_v by_o drink_n and_o fruit_n and_o other_o aliment_n that_o be_v actual_o cold_a for_o that_o which_o i_o principal_o intend_v to_o say_v be_v this_o that_o i_o much_o more_o doubt_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n deliver_v in_o the_o aphorism_n then_o that_o in_o case_n it_o be_v true_a it_o may_v be_v make_v out_o without_o the_o help_n of_o antiperistasis_n in_o the_o vulgar_a and_o scholastic_a notion_n of_o that_o term._n 24._o i_o consider_v then_o first_o that_o the_o proof_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v bring_v of_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o man_n stomach_n in_o winter_n be_v that_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v then_o a_o great_a appetite_n to_o their_o meat_n but_o though_o i_o pay_v so_o much_o respect_n to_o the_o great_a hypocrates_n as_o to_o allow_v the_o aphorism_n in_o a_o sense_n yet_o i_o admit_v it_o to_o be_v true_a but_o upon_o a_o hypothesis_n that_o i_o do_v not_o admit_v to_o be_v so_o for_o the_o aphorism_n suppose_v that_o the_o digestion_n of_o meat_n in_o the_o stomach_n be_v make_v by_o heat_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o strong_a digestion_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v in_o winter_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v then_o hot_a then_o at_o other_o season_n of_o the_o year_n but_o the_o erroniousness_n of_o this_o supposition_n i_o think_v i_o need_v not_o solemn_o prove_v to_o eleutherius_fw-la who_o i_o doubt_v not_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o several_a thing_n in_o nature_n that_o agree_v not_o with_o it_o and_o particular_o of_o the_o strong_a concoction_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o stomach_n of_o divers_a ravenous_a fish_n who_o stomach_n and_o blood_n be_v yet_o as_o i_o have_v purposely_o observe_v sensible_o cold_a but_o if_o it_o shall_v in_o some_o case_n prove_v true_a that_o there_o be_v real_o in_o man_n body_n a_o far_o great_a heat_n in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n yet_o this_o will_v not_o infer_v a_o antiperistasis_n in_o the_o sense_n wherein_o i_o oppose_v it_o for_o the_o vital_a heat_n lodge_v in_o the_o heart_n always_o generate_a out_o of_o the_o blood_n and_o juice_n that_o continual_o circulate_v through_o that_o part_n great_a store_n of_o spirit_n and_o warm_a exhalation_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o transpire_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o skin_n in_o much_o great_a quantity_n then_o notwithstanding_o the_o affirmation_n of_o sanctorius_n any_o thing_n but_o my_o own_o trial_n can_v have_v persuade_v i_o these_o warm_a steam_n find_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o skin_n straighten_a and_o shut_v up_o grow_v more_o and_o more_o copious_a in_o the_o body_n and_o thereby_o heat_v the_o stomach_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o internal_a part_n of_o it_o and_o perhaps_o also_o the_o same_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n or_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n that_o produce_v cold_a in_o winter_n may_v by_o shut_v in_o certain_a kind_n of_o effluvia_fw-la or_o perhaps_o alter_v the_o motion_n or_o texture_n of_o the_o blood_n reduce_v it_o to_o such_o a_o disposition_n as_o that_o the_o appetite_n shall_v be_v increase_v as_o well_o as_o the_o concoction_n in_o the_o stomach_n promote_v by_o the_o stomachical_a menstruum_fw-la or_o ferment_n which_o either_o be_v new_o generate_v in_o winter_n or_o more_o copious_o supply_v by_o the_o circulate_v of_o the_o blood_n to_o the_o stomach_n in_o that_o season_n then_o in_o other_o and_o to_o show_v that_o a_o good_a appetite_n may_v be_v procure_v by_o agent_n endow_v with_o very_o distinct_a and_o contrary_a quality_n do_v not_o we_o see_v that_o spicy_a sauce_n wine_n and_o vinegar_n do_v all_o of_o they_o in_o most_o man_n beget_v a_o appetite_n though_o the_o two_o former_a be_v confess_o hot_a and_o the_o latter_a cold_a and_o so_o wormwood_n and_o juice_n of_o lemon_n have_v both_o of_o they_o frequent_o relive_v dull_a and_o weak_a stomach_n though_o the_o one_o be_v confess_o a_o hot_a simple_a and_o the_o other_o a_o cold_a and_o in_o some_o case_n either_o the_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n themselves_o and_o perhaps_o some_o other_o unknown_a to_o we_o that_o they_o may_v bring_v along_o with_o they_o may_v so_o solicit_v the_o stomach_n as_o to_o breed_v a_o eager_a appetite_n not_o precise_o by_o their_o be_v cold_a or_o hot_a but_o by_o their_o peculiar_a nature_n as_o we_o have_v instance_n of_o some_o that_o in_o these_o part_n by_o walk_v on_o the_o snow_n procure_v to_o themselves_o a_o bulimus_fw-la and_o the_o learned_a fromundus_n relate_v how_o he_o himself_o by_o walk_v long_o on_o the_o snow_n be_v surprise_v with_o such_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d take_v notice_n that_o the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o faint_a be_v in_o the_o stomach_n and_o that_o he_o find_v by_o his_o own_o experience_n that_o that_o part_n be_v discompose_v convel_v and_o provoke_v to_o cast_v to_o which_o he_o add_v what_o make_v much_o for_o my_o present_a purpose_n that_o he_o now_o think_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o bulimia_fw-la to_o consist_v in_o certain_a steam_n that_o do_v peculiar_o affect_v the_o stomach_n which_o they_o gnaw_v and_o distend_v and_o just_o before_o he_o observe_v that_o strain_v to_o fetch_v deep_a cough_n be_v a_o present_a remedy_n in_o this_o distemper_n by_o discharge_v the_o stomach_n and_o lung_n of_o those_o snowy_a spirit_n which_o be_v either_o attract_v in_o respiration_n or_o have_v some_o other_o way_n insinuate_v themselves_o into_o those_o part_n so_o that_o beside_o the_o cold_n abstract_o consider_v the_o stomach_n may_v be_v peculiar_o affect_v by_o other_o either_o attribute_n or_o concomitant_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n that_o grow_v powerful_a in_o frosty_a weather_n with_o which_o it_o well_o agree_v that_o divers_a have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o bulimias_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n though_o in_o our_o warm_a climate_n such_o man_n endure_v nothing_o near_o so_o great_a a_o cold_a nor_o be_v so_o much_o inconvenience_v by_o it_o as_o multitude_n of_o other_o that_o in_o nova_n zembla_n and_o other_o gelid_a region_n never_o complain_v of_o have_v contract_v even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n any_o such_o disease_n 25._o another_o argument_n that_o be_v specious_a enough_o urge_v in_o favour_n of_o antiperistasis_n be_v borrow_v from_o the_o production_n of_o hail_n which_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v generate_v in_o summer_n only_o not_o in_o winter_n and_o according_a to_o aristotle_n and_o the_o school_n be_v make_v in_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o fall_a drop_n of_o rain_n so_o high_o intend_v by_o the_o warmth_n it_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o air_n near_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o congeal_v the_o water_n wherein_o it_o be_v harbour_v but_o though_o i_o free_o confess_v to_o you_o that_o i_o think_v the_o generation_n of_o hail_n difficult_a enough_o to_o be_v solid_o explicate_v yet_o i_o scruple_n not_o to_o reject_v the_o receive_a doctrine_n about_o it_o for_o several_a reason_n of_o which_o i_o will_v now_o name_v four_o 26._o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v not_o universal_o true_a as_o be_v suppose_v and_o the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n require_v that_o hail_n fall_v not_o but_o in_o summer_n or_o very_o hot_a weather_n for_o i_o have_v myself_o observe_v it_o within_o this_o twelve_o month_n to_o hail_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o november_n and_o that_o when_o some_o frosty_a day_n have_v precede_v and_o when_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o weather_n be_v complain_v of_o nay_o the_o long_a shower_n of_o hail_n that_o either_o i_o or_o some_o other_o remember_v ourselves_o 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efficacy_n be_v so_o great_a and_o so_o diffuse_v it_o seem_v not_o likely_a that_o its_o antagonist_n cold_a shall_v be_v a_o despicable_a quality_n and_o certain_o cold_a and_o heat_v especial_o when_o employ_v by_o turn_n be_v the_o two_o grand_a instrument_n by_o which_o nature_n perform_v so_o many_o of_o her_o operation_n here_o below_o that_o our_o great_a verulam_n do_v not_o speak_v inconsiderate_o when_o he_o call_v heat_v the_o right_a hand_n of_o nature_n and_o cold_a her_o left_a and_o though_o in_o our_o temperate_a climate_n the_o effect_n of_o cold_a seem_v not_o to_o be_v very_o remarkable_a yet_o beside_o that_o in_o more_o northern_a region_n they_o be_v oftententimes_o stupendous_a the_o nature_n of_o that_o quality_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o well_o worth_a our_o consider_v if_o it_o be_v but_o for_o the_o power_n it_o have_v to_o 〈◊〉_d and_o check_v the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o heat_n upon_o which_o account_n alone_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o it_o may_v be_v look_v 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to_o that_o we_o here_o employ_v obtain_v ice_n and_o though_o in_o this_o metalline_a sugar_n we_o may_v well_o suppose_v the_o saline_n part_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n to_o be_v much_o more_o concentrate_v or_o unite_v than_o they_o be_v in_o the_o spirit_n yet_o the_o solution_n must_v abound_v with_o aqueous_a part_n and_o this_o sugar_n seem_v but_o a_o kind_n of_o vitriol_n of_o lead_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o its_o solution_n will_v not_o freeze_v as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o common_a vitriol_n though_o in_o this_o latter_a concrete_a the_o metal_n be_v corrode_v by_o a_o spirit_n which_o as_o far_o as_o can_v be_v judge_v by_o the_o liquor_n afford_v in_o distillation_n be_v very_o much_o sharp_a and_o strong_a than_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n 5._o we_o likewise_o try_v to_o freeze_v quick_a silver_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n provide_v a_o bubble_n that_o be_v blow_v with_o a_o lamp_n be_v but_o thin_a and_o so_o flat_a that_o the_o side_n almost_o 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or_o downward_o 1._o though_o after_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold_a it_o will_v be_v the_o most_o proper_a place_n to_o take_v some_o notice_n of_o the_o direction_n of_o its_o activity_n yet_o because_o one_o of_o the_o experiment_n that_o belong_v to_o this_o head_n be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o facilitate_v the_o trial_n of_o many_o of_o those_o that_o follow_v throughout_o this_o whole_a collection_n we_o will_v no_o long_o delay_v to_o say_v something_o of_o this_o matter_n namely_o in_o what_o line_n or_o if_o you_o please_v towards_o what_o part_n the_o frigefactive_a virtue_n of_o cold_a body_n do_v operate_v the_o further_a and_o the_o most_o strong_o 2._o it_o be_v a_o know_a doctrine_n among_o philosopher_n that_o the_o diffusion_n of_o heat_n tend_v chief_o upward_o as_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n will_v burn_v many_o thing_n hold_v over_o it_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n than_o it_o will_v considerable_o warm_v they_o at_o in_o 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than_o one_o can_v easy_o imagine_v 4._o thus_o far_o the_o note_n from_o which_o nevertheless_o i_o will_v not_o positive_o conclude_v though_o they_o seem_v to_o persuade_v it_o that_o the_o tendency_n of_o the_o cold_a produce_v by_o body_n qualify_v to_o freeze_v other_o be_v great_a downward_o then_o upward_o for_o the_o satisfactory_a determination_n of_o that_o matter_n may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v require_v trial_n more_o artificial_a and_o nice_a than_o those_o we_o have_v be_v recite_v and_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o i_o can_v find_v the_o last_o of_o they_o to_o have_v be_v careful_o repeat_v and_o register_v because_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o the_o ice_n shall_v be_v much_o thick_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vial_n than_o elsewhere_o in_o regard_n that_o when_o we_o have_v as_o we_o very_o frequent_o have_v put_v mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n into_o vial_n and_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o open_a air_n we_o general_o observe_v that_o the_o outside_n 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just_a now_o relate_v above_o half_a a_o corn_n breadth_n high_o than_o the_o mixture_n in_o the_o glass_n so_o i_o remember_v not_o to_o have_v observe_v it_o much_o low_a beneath_o the_o mixture_n from_o those_o thing_n i_o say_v it_o may_v be_v probable_o conjecture_v that_o even_o the_o cold_a body_n at_o least_o unless_o their_o bulk_n alter_v the_o case_n do_v not_o diffuse_v their_o freeze_a virtue_n either_o upward_o or_o downward_o to_o any_o considerable_a distance_n 5._o these_o trial_n as_o i_o be_v intimate_v may_v suggest_v some_o difficulty_n about_o the_o last_o of_o the_o two_o experiment_n transcribe_v out_o of_o my_o note_n but_o as_o it_o be_v evident_a these_o observation_n be_v make_v in_o the_o open_a air_n by_o the_o freeze_a of_o its_o rove_a vapour_n and_o the_o mention_a experiment_n be_v make_v under_o water_n so_o how_o much_o this_o difference_n of_o medium_n may_v alter_v the_o case_n as_o to_o the_o way_n of_o the_o diffusion_n of_o cold_a i_o dare_v not_o till_o further_a trial_n bold_o determine_v especial_o since_o one_o circumstance_n to_o be_v under_o the_o next_o title_n mention_v about_o the_o freeze_a of_o egg_n may_v pass_v for_o a_o addirional_a experiment_n as_o to_o our_o present_a enquiry_n for_o the_o case_n obtain_v by_o freeze_a egg_n suspend_v under_o water_n which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o the_o diffusion_n of_o their_o cold_n be_v make_v every_o way_n since_o they_o be_v quite_o enclose_v in_o the_o ice_n they_o have_v produce_v 6._o though_o the_o experiment_n of_o freeze_a water_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o salt_n and_o snow_n be_v not_o a_o new_a one_o for_o substance_n yet_o i_o hold_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o make_v a_o further_a mention_n of_o it_o on_o this_o occasion_n because_o that_o what_o i_o be_o to_o deliver_v about_o it_o be_v a_o paticular_a not_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o i_o know_v of_o by_o other_o the_o premise_a of_o which_o will_n according_a to_o what_o we_o late_o intimate_v much_o facilitate_v the_o trial_n of_o many_o of_o the_o experiment_n to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o follow_a part_n of_o these_o paper_n and_o will_v indeed_o appear_v to_o be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n in_o our_o whole_a attempt_n of_o frame_v a_o history_n of_o cold._a for_o it_o have_v long_o seem_v to_o i_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a thing_n that_o have_v hinder_v man_n from_o make_v any_o considerable_a progress_n in_o this_o matter_n that_o whereas_o glass-vessel_n be_v general_o much_o the_o most_o proper_a to_o freeze_v liquor_n in_o because_o their_o transparency_n allow_v we_o to_o see_v what_o change_v the_o cold_a make_v in_o the_o liquor_n expose_v to_o it_o the_o way_n of_o freeze_a with_o salt_n and_o snow_n as_o it_o have_v be_v hitherto_o use_v do_v almost_o as_o little_a as_o the_o common_a way_n of_o bare_o expose_v vessel_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n in_o frosty_a weather_n prevent_v the_o unseasonable_a break_n of_o the_o glass_n for_o in_o both_o these_o way_n the_o water_n or_o other_o liquor_n usual_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o glaciation_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v anon_o to_o distend_v the_o water_n and_o aqueous_a liquor_n it_o harden_v it_o be_v usual_o and_o natural_o consequent_a that_o when_o the_o upper_a crust_n of_o ice_n be_v grow_v thick_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a liquor_n bear_v hard_a with_o its_o edge_n against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n contiguous_a to_o it_o the_o include_v liquor_n that_o be_v by_o degree_n successive_o turn_v into_o ice_n require_v more_o room_n than_o before_o and_o forcible_o endeavour_v to_o expand_n itself_o every_o way_n find_v it_o less_o difficult_a to_o burst_v the_o glass_n then_o lift_v up_o the_o ice_n and_o
no_o pain_n save_v that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o himself_o again_o he_o feel_v such_o a_o prick_a all_o his_o body_n over_o as_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o find_v in_o a_o arm_n or_o leg_n benumb_v by_o have_v be_v long_o lean_v upon_o when_o i_o ask_v whether_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o cold_a do_v not_o work_v upon_o the_o stone_n he_o answer_v that_o as_o to_o flint_n he_o can_v not_o tell_v but_o as_o to_o other_o stone_n and_o such_o as_o be_v oftentimes_o use_v for_o building_n the_o violence_n of_o the_o cold_a make_v they_o frequent_o moulder_v into_o dust._n and_o to_o satisfy_v my_o curiosity_n about_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o wood_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o he_o have_v very_o often_o in_o the_o night_n especial_o when_o their_o keen_a frost_n be_v unaccompanied_a with_o snow_n hear_v the_o tree_n cleave_v and_o crack_v with_o very_o great_a and_o sometime_o frightful_a noise_n and_o that_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o fir-tree_n that_o be_v lay_v upon_o one_o another_o in_o their_o building_n and_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n will_v do_v the_o like_a and_o that_o he_o have_v often_o see_v the_o gape_a cleft_n sometime_o wide_a enough_o to_o put_v in_o his_o finger_n which_o will_v remain_v in_o the_o tree_n and_o in_o the_o fir-wood_n till_o the_o thaw_n after_o which_o they_o will_v pretty_o well_o close_o of_o themselves_o title_n vii_o experiment_n touch_v the_o expansion_n of_o water_n and_o aqueous_a liquor_n by_o freeze_a 1._o that_o water_n and_o other_o liquor_n be_v condense_v by_o cold_a and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o condense_a by_o how_o much_o the_o great_a the_o degree_n of_o cold_a be_v that_o condense_n they_o have_v be_v for_o many_o age_n general_o teach_v by_o the_o school_n and_o take_v for_o grant_v among_o man_n till_o of_o late_a some_o more_o speculative_a than_o the_o rest_n have_v call_v it_o in_o question_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n since_o which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o two_o modern_a writer_n that_o have_v incidental_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o ice_n be_v water_n not_o condense_v but_o rarefy_v by_o the_o intumescence_n of_o water_n expose_v to_o freeze_a in_o vessel_n fit_o shape_v these_o attempt_n of_o these_o learned_a man_n put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o what_o i_o have_v try_v to_o this_o purpose_n when_o i_o be_v scarce_o more_o than_o a_o boy_n invite_v i_o to_o consider_v that_o by_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o glaciation_n such_o as_o these_o ingenious_a man_n employ_v the_o experiment_n be_v wont_a to_o meet_v with_o a_o disaster_n by_o the_o break_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o not_o only_o make_v the_o event_n liable_a to_o some_o objection_n of_o they_o that_o befriend_v the_o common_a opinion_n but_o which_o be_v more_o considerable_a hinder_v they_o from_o judge_v what_o this_o expansion_n of_o water_n that_o be_v make_v by_o freeze_a may_v amount_v to_o wherefore_o we_o will_v now_o set_v down_o what_o we_o have_v do_v to_o ascertain_v and_o yet_o limit_v the_o experiment_n as_o also_o to_o advance_v it_o further_o 2._o whereas_o then_o these_o two_o cornaeus_fw-la learned_a man_n we_o have_v be_v mention_v do_v so_o expose_v the_o water_n to_o freeze_v that_o it_o be_v turn_v into_o ice_n at_o the_o top_n as_o soon_o as_o elsewhere_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o which_o way_n we_o have_v already_o note_v we_o by_o freeze_a the_o water_n as_o we_o have_v former_o teach_v from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o can_v easy_o preserve_v our_o glass_n entire_a and_o yet_o turn_v the_o whole_a contain_v water_n into_o ice_n so_o that_o if_o according_a to_o this_o way_n you_o so_o place_v a_o bolthead_n or_o a_o glass-egg_n in_o who_o cavity_n the_o water_n ascend_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o inch_n or_o thereabouts_o within_o the_o stem_n or_o shank_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n or_o snow_n and_o salt_n as_o that_o the_o water_n be_v first_o turn_v into_o ice_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o side_n and_o not_o till_o the_o very_a last_o at_o the_o top_n you_o shall_v manifest_o see_v that_o the_o ice_n will_v reach_v a_o good_a way_n high_o in_o the_o neck_n than_o the_o fluid_a water_n do_v and_o that_o upon_o a_o gentle_a thaw_n of_o the_o ice_n the_o water_n it_o return_v to_o will_v rest_v at_o the_o same_o height_n in_o the_o stem_n to_o which_o it_o reach_v before_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v 3._o we_o have_v likewise_o use_v other_o way_n unspoken_a of_o by_o the_o late_o mention_v writer_n to_o evince_v that_o water_n be_v expanded_a by_o be_v freeze_v as_o first_o that_o we_o take_v a_o strong_a earthen_a vessel_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a form_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n to_o a_o certain_a height_n we_o expose_v it_o unstop_v both_o to_o the_o open_a air_n in_o frosty_a night_n and_o to_o the_o operation_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o find_v that_o the_o ice_n do_v manifest_o reach_v high_o than_o the_o water_n do_v before_o it_o be_v congeal_v beside_o if_o a_o hollow_a pipe_n or_o cylinder_n make_v of_o some_o compact_a matter_n be_v stop_v at_o one_o end_n with_o wax_n or_o some_o thing_n else_o which_o it_o may_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o drive_v out_o then_o to_o burst_v the_o cylinder_n and_o if_o at_o the_o other_o end_v it_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o that_o orifice_n also_o be_v stop_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n this_o pipe_n suspend_v in_o a_o sufficient_o cold_a air_n will_v have_v the_o include_v water_n freeze_v and_o by_o that_o change_n if_o the_o experiment_n have_v be_v right_o make_v the_o water_n will_v upon_o congelation_n take_v up_o so_o much_o more_o room_n than_o it_o do_v before_o that_o the_o above_o mention_v stoppel_n or_o at_o least_o one_o of_o they_o will_v be_v thrust_v out_o and_o there_o will_v be_v produce_v a_o rod_n of_o ice_n a_o good_a deal_n long_o than_o the_o pipe_n at_o each_o of_o who_o end_n or_o at_o least_o at_o one_o of_o they_o a_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o pretty_a length_n may_v be_v break_v off_o without_o meddle_v with_o the_o pipe_n or_o the_o ice_n that_o fill_v it_o divers_a other_o way_n of_o prove_v the_o same_o truth_n may_v be_v here_o allege_v but_o that_o though_o these_o be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d they_o be_v sufficient_a the_o matter_n will_v yet_o be_v abundant_o confirm_v by_o divers_a of_o the_o experiment_n that_o will_v here_o and_o there_o come_v in_o more_o opportune_o in_o the_o follow_a part_n of_o this_o treatise_n 4._o but_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o impertinent_a or_o unseasonable_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o not_o only_o those_o school_n philosopher_n who_o have_v consider_v the_o break_n of_o well_o 〈◊〉_d glass_n in_o frosty_a weather_n a_o accident_n but_o too_o frequent_a in_o apothecary_n shop_n and_o laboratory_n but_o divers_a modern_a virtuoso_n be_v wont_a to_o ascribe_v the_o phaenomenon_n to_o this_o that_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_a air_n contract_v the_o air_n and_o liquor_n within_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n must_v break_v the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o fill_v that_o space_n which_o be_v desert_v upon_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o include_v air_n the_o liquor_n will_v otherwise_o leave_v a_o vacuum_n abhor_v by_o nature_n and_o even_o those_o few_o modern_n that_o be_v loath_a to_o ascribe_v this_o phaenomenon_n to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n either_o not_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n know_v not_o what_o probable_a account_n to_o give_v of_o it_o or_o if_o they_o acknowledge_v that_o weight_n be_v wont_a to_o ascribe_v it_o to_o that_o and_o to_o the_o great_a contraction_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n make_v by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_n 5._o but_o as_o for_o the_o peripatetic_n the_o above_o mention_v experiment_n sufficient_o evince_v that_o in_o many_o case_n it_o be_v not_o the_o shrink_n but_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o stop_v vessel_n that_o occasion_n their_o burst_n and_o therefore_o in_o these_o case_n we_o need_v not_o nor_o can_v fly_v to_o i_o know_v not_o what_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la for_o a_o account_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o even_o glass_n not_o half_o full_a of_o distil_a water_n if_o they_o be_v exact_o stop_v be_v often_o break_v by_o the_o frost_n in_o apothecary_n shop_n i_o answer_v that_o neither_o in_o this_o case_n do_v i_o see_v any_o need_n of_o have_v any_o recourse_n either_o to_o the_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la or_o to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o external_a air_n for_o even_o here_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a liquor_n may_v serve_v the_o turn_n for_o in_o such_o inartificial_a glaciation_n the_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o the_o ice_n there_o
fain_o to_o measure_v their_o time_n by_o hour-glass_n for_o though_o this_o odd_a effect_n may_v be_v suspect_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o little_a icicle_n stick_v to_o some_o of_o the_o wheel_n or_o the_o line_n in_o regard_n they_o not_o far_o off_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o steam_n of_o their_o body_n and_o other_o thing_n within_o their_o close_a house_n do_v voyage_n so_o fasten_v themselves_o to_o the_o wall_n to_o the_o roof_n and_o even_o to_o their_o cabin_n as_o to_o line_v they_o with_o ice_n of_o no_o less_o than_o two_o finger_n thick_a yet_o beside_o that_o it_o can_v be_v probable_o suppose_v that_o they_o who_o have_v so_o great_a need_n of_o their_o clock_n during_o the_o tedious_a absence_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o many_o week_n together_o shall_v not_o all_o the_o winter_n long_o be_v aware_a of_o this_o beside_o this_o i_o say_v i_o find_v that_o in_o captain_n james_n winter_v 64._o at_o charleton_n his_o clock_n and_o watch_n be_v so_o freeze_v too_o that_o they_o can_v not_o go_v notwithstanding_o they_o be_v still_o keep_v by_o the_o fire_n side_n in_o a_o chest_n 〈◊〉_d in_o clothes_n so_o that_o in_o case_n it_o appear_v that_o according_a to_o what_o we_o 〈◊〉_d note_v out_o of_o wormius_n the_o frost_n can_v get_v into_o metal_n it_o can_v also_o distend_v they_o and_o other_o stable_a body_n we_o may_v conceive_v that_o the_o stop_n of_o the_o clock_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o stiffness_n or_o the_o swell_n of_o the_o line_n to_o which_o the_o weight_n be_v fasten_v or_o a_o swell_a even_o of_o some_o of_o the_o wheel_n or_o other_o metalline_a part_n of_o the_o clock_n that_o may_v spoil_v the_o necessary_a congruity_n between_o the_o tooth_n etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v try_v that_o some_o part_n of_o a_o iron_n instrument_n i_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v will_v by_o no_o mean_n fit_v one_o within_o another_o when_o expanded_a by_o much_o heat_n and_o though_o cold_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o expansion_n the_o effect_n may_v be_v the_o same_o though_o at_o other_o time_n they_o will_v and_o if_o we_o know_v whether_o spring_n lose_v any_o thing_n of_o their_o elasticity_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o cold_a we_o may_v thence_o also_o be_v assist_v to_o guess_v whether_o the_o frost_n operation_n upon_o the_o spring_n of_o captain_n james_n watch_n for_o he_o mention_n that_o as_o distinct_a from_o his_o clock_n may_v contribute_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o force_v it_o to_o stand_v still_o but_o these_o be_v bare_a conjecture_n from_o which_o i_o will_v therefore_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o follow_a section_n title_n viii_o experiment_n touch_v the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n 1._o but_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o former_a experiment_n we_o must_v not_o conclude_v universal_o that_o all_o liquor_n be_v dispose_v to_o be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a neither_o by_o a_o moderate_a degree_n nor_o even_o by_o so_o intense_a a_o degree_n of_o it_o as_o suffice_v to_o freeze_v or_o congeal_v the_o liquor_n expose_v to_o it_o this_o we_o have_v try_v not_o only_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o divers_a other_o liquor_n that_o we_o can_v not_o bring_v to_o freeze_v but_o also_o in_o oil_n congeal_v by_o the_o vehemence_n of_o cold_a so_o that_o as_o to_o the_o change_n of_o dimension_n produce_v in_o liquor_n by_o cold_a there_o must_v be_v a_o great_a difference_n allow_v betwixt_o water_n and_o aqueous_a liquor_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o oil_n and_o divers_a other_o liquor_n that_o be_v some_o of_o they_o of_o a_o oleaginous_a and_o some_o of_o a_o very_a spirituous_a or_o a_o very_o high_o corrosive_a nature_n on_o the_o other_o side_n nor_o have_v we_o yet_o make_v trial_n enough_o to_o reduce_v this_o matter_n to_o a_o certainty_n for_o though_o we_o can_v not_o bring_v some_o strong_a saline_n spirit_n nor_o the_o most_o of_o chemical_a oil_n to_o freeze_v yet_o in_o some_o our_o attempt_n succeed_v not_o ill_a but_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o in_o any_o liquor_n we_o can_v by_o cold_a produce_v any_o sensible_a expansion_n but_o rather_o a_o manifest_a condensation_n unless_o we_o can_v bring_v it_o actual_o to_o freeze_v 2._o the_o trial_n we_o make_v of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o cold_a to_o condense_a liquor_n be_v many_o but_o it_o may_v for_o the_o present_a suffice_v to_o set_v down_o two_o or_o three_o differ_v one_o that_o occur_v to_o we_o in_o our_o collection_n to_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o experiment_n late_o recite_v of_o the_o expansion_n of_o milk_n urine_n and_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n there_o be_v subjoin_v these_o word_n but_o the_o egg_n that_o hold_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o it_o be_v much_o small_a than_o we_o usual_o employ_v and_o fit_v with_o a_o proportionable_o slender_a stem_n and_o though_o it_o be_v keep_v divers_a hour_n partly_o in_o ice_n and_o salt_n and_o partly_o in_o snow_n and_o salt_n yet_o it_o freeze_v not_o at_o all_o but_o subside_v by_o degree_n below_o the_o first_o mark_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o ¾_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o though_o it_o afterward_o seem_v to_o rise_v a_o little_a yet_o it_o never_o swell_v up_o again_o to_o the_o say_v first_o mark_n 3._o we_o take_v a_o round_a bolthead_n of_o about_o in_o diameter_n and_o pour_v in_o mercury_n till_o it_o reach_v a_o pretty_a way_n into_o the_o neck_n which_o be_v purposely_o draw_v more_o slender_a than_o ordinary_a and_o have_v without_o approach_v it_o to_o the_o fire_n free_v it_o from_o some_o of_o the_o large_a bubble_n of_o air_n that_o appear_v at_o the_o side_n we_o put_v it_o into_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n where_o the_o cold_a so_o wrought_v upon_o it_o that_o watch_v it_o attentive_o we_o can_v discern_v not_o only_o its_o have_v move_v but_o its_o motion_n downward_o which_o it_o continue_v though_o not_o visible_o in_o the_o progress_n as_o at_o the_o first_o till_o it_o be_v subside_v in_o the_o neck_n two_o inch_n or_o better_a which_o be_v far_o more_o than_o can_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o contraction_n of_o any_o sensible_a aerial_a particle_n though_o they_o have_v lose_v not_o only_o the_o 30._o part_n of_o their_o dimension_n as_o we_o have_v sometime_o observe_v of_o the_o air_n but_o have_v be_v contract_v to_o a_o point_n and_o we_o observe_v too_o that_o the_o quicksilver_n once_o thus_o infrigidate_v though_o not_o freeze_v retain_v some_o of_o the_o acquire_v cold_a for_o many_o hour_n after_o as_o appear_v by_o its_o keep_n below_o the_o mark_n of_o its_o first_o height_n though_o we_o have_v keep_v it_o all_o night_n in_o a_o warm_a room_n 4._o we_o take_v a_o small_a egg_n with_o a_o proportionable_o slender_a stem_n into_o which_o we_o pour_v common_a oil_n till_o it_o rise_v a_o pretty_a way_n but_o not_o much_o above_o the_o oval_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n then_o have_v put_v a_o mark_n upon_o the_o station_n of_o the_o liquor_n we_o place_v the_o vessel_n in_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o observe_v it_o not_o to_o swell_v as_o other_o liquor_n but_o to_o subside_o with_o cold_a till_o be_v quite_o freeze_v or_o congeal_v it_o appear_v to_o be_v shrink_v about_o a_o inch_n or_o more_o beneath_o the_o mark_n then_o be_v thaw_v it_o swell_v again_o to_o the_o mark_n 5._o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o second_o time_n with_o not_o much_o worse_a success_n but_o we_o find_v that_o if_o the_o glass_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o snow_n into_o some_o place_n near_o the_o fire_n the_o hot_a air_n will_v not_o only_o thaw_v it_o but_o so_o rarify_v it_o as_o to_o make_v it_o ascend_v above_o the_o mark_n a_o three_o time_n we_o seal_v up_o the_o same_o oil_n in_o the_o same_o glass_n and_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o like_a success_n to_o that_o we_o have_v the_o second_o time_n and_o that_o the_o freeze_a oil_n be_v real_o condense_v we_o find_v because_o it_o will_v sink_v in_o oil_n of_o the_o same_o kind_a cold_a but_o unfrozen_a and_o this_o notwithstanding_o divers_a bubble_n which_o we_o observe_v usual_o to_o be_v make_v about_o each_o lump_n of_o congeal_a oil_n that_o we_o cast_v in_o upon_o its_o begin_n to_o sink_v in_o the_o fluid_a oil_n this_o we_o try_v both_o with_o oil_n well_o congeal_v or_o if_o another_o word_n please_v better_a incrassated_a or_o curl_a by_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o with_o oil_n less_o congeal_v freeze_a by_o the_o bare_a cold_a of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n but_o this_o latter_a seem_v to_o sight_n to_o sink_v more_o slow_o than_o the_o other_o as_o be_v less_o congeal_v and_o ponderous_a yet_o will_v not_o lump_n of_o the_o mass_n of_o oil_n sink_v or_o continue_v immerse_v i_o say_v not_o in_o common_a water_n but_o in_o sack_n or_o
but_o the_o interspersion_n of_o such_o bubble_n the_o observation_n i_o have_v be_v mention_v i_o find_v thus_o set_v down_o among_o my_o note_n a_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o to_o the_o eye_n look_v clear_a like_o crystal_n be_v put_v into_o the_o great_a microscope_n appear_v even_o there_o free_a from_o bubble_n and_o yet_o the_o same_o piece_n of_o ice_n be_v present_o remove_v and_o cast_v into_o common_a water_n will_v swim_v at_o the_o top_n and_o if_o it_o be_v forcible_o duck_v will_v swift_o enough_o emerge_n another_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o to_o the_o naked_a eye_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a as_o the_o former_a appear_v in_o the_o same_o microscope_n to_o have_v store_n of_o bubble_n some_o of_o they_o appear_v there_o no_o big_a than_o a_o small_a pin_n head_n and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v yet_o lesser_a and_o scarce_o visible_a in_o the_o microscope_n itself_o and_o here_o because_o it_o seem_v a_o considerable_a doubt_n and_o well_o worth_a the_o examine_n whether_o or_o no_o water_n when_o freeze_a into_o ice_n grow_v heavy_a or_o light_a not_o in_o reference_n to_o such_o water_n as_o it_o be_v generate_v of_o since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o upon_o that_o it_o will_v float_v but_o more_o absolute_o speak_v we_o judge_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o examine_v this_o matter_n by_o a_o experiment_n but_o we_o can_v not_o discover_v any_o difference_n between_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o same_o parcel_n of_o water_n fluid_a and_o freeze_v as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o nine_o paragraph_n of_o the_o experiment_n to_o be_v a_o little_a beneath_o recite_v but_o since_o that_o whether_o or_o no_o we_o allow_v any_o other_o cause_n together_o with_o the_o bubble_n to_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n it_o seem_v a_o thing_n not_o to_o be_v doubt_v that_o its_o expansion_n and_o lightness_n be_v main_o if_o not_o only_o due_a to_o the_o interspersion_n of_o bubble_n the_o generation_n of_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o considerabl_a phaenomena_n of_o cold_a and_o the_o investigate_a by_o what_o cause_n those_o cavity_n be_v produce_v and_o in_o case_n they_o be_v perfect_o full_a what_o substance_n it_o be_v that_o fill_v they_o be_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a inquiry_n that_o shall_v exercise_v the_o industry_n of_o a_o searcher_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o cold._n 4._o mr._n hobbs_n and_o some_o other_o seem_v to_o think_v that_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n by_o congelation_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o intrusion_n of_o air_n which_o constitute_v those_o numerous_a bubble_n wont_a to_o be_v observe_v in_o ice_n we_o may_v here_o demand_v why_o in_o case_n that_o upon_o freeze_a there_o must_v be_v a_o considerable_a accession_n of_o air_n from_o without_o when_o oil_n be_v freeze_v it_o be_v notwithstanding_o the_o ingress_n of_o this_o air_n not_o expanded_a but_o condense_v but_o because_o these_o conjecturer_n do_v not_o allow_v glass_n to_o be_v pervious_a to_o common_a air_n we_o shall_v at_o present_a press_v they_o with_o this_o experiment_n which_o we_o have_v divers_a time_n make_v we_o take_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n and_o fill_v it_o almost_o with_o water_n we_o seal_v it_o hermetical_o up_o to_o exclude_v the_o pretence_n that_o some_o adventitious_a air_n may_v get_v in_o and_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o the_o water_n and_o yet_o such_o a_o egg_n be_v expose_v to_o congelation_n the_o freeze_a water_n will_v be_v manifest_o expanded_a and_o swell_v by_o numerous_a bubble_n which_o oftentimes_o give_v it_o a_o whitish_a opacity_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o new_a metalline_a vessel_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o careful_o stop_v the_o liquor_n will_v nevertheless_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o cold_a be_v thereby_o expanded_a and_o turn_v into_o ice_n furnish_v with_o bubble_n 5._o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o in_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o hermetical_o seal_a glass_n the_o produce_v bubble_n may_v come_v from_o the_o air_n which_o be_v seal_v up_o together_o with_o the_o water_n may_v by_o the_o expansion_n of_o that_o water_n be_v bring_v to_o mingle_v with_o it_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o be_v very_o improbable_a for_o 1._o if_o the_o bubble_n must_v cause_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n how_o shall_v the_o water_n be_v at_o first_o expanded_a to_o reduce_v the_o air_n to_o a_o division_n into_o bubble_n next_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o experiment_n we_o shall_v ere_o long_o relate_v that_o the_o air_n as_o to_o the_o body_n of_o it_o retain_v its_o station_n above_o the_o water_n and_o preserve_v itself_o together_o in_o one_o parcel_n since_o it_o suffer_v a_o compression_n that_o oftentimes_o make_v it_o break_v the_o glass_n that_o imprison_v 〈◊〉_d which_o it_o will_v not_o need_v to_o do_v in_o case_n it_o disperse_v itself_o into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o water_n for_o then_o there_o will_v appear_v no_o cause_n why_o the_o air_n and_o water_n shall_v after_o congelation_n require_v more_o room_n than_o they_o do_v before_o 3._o in_o this_o experiment_n we_o usual_o begin_v to_o produce_v ice_n and_o bubble_n in_o the_o water_n contiguous_a to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n that_o part_n be_v by_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n first_o refrigerated_a in_o which_o case_n there_o appear_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o air_n which_o be_v a_o thousand_o time_n light_a than_o the_o water_n shall_v against_o its_o nature_n dive_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o if_o it_o be_v dispose_v to_o dive_v why_o shall_v we_o not_o see_v it_o break_v through_o the_o water_n in_o bubble_n as_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o case_n where_o air_n penetrate_v water_n 4._o in_o metalline_a vessel_n and_o in_o glass_n quite_o fill_v with_o water_n before_o they_o be_v stop_v there_o be_v no_o pretence_n of_o the_o dive_v of_o the_o air_n from_o the_o top_n there_o have_v be_v none_o leave_v there_o 5._o and_o last_o if_o all_o the_o bubble_n of_o ice_n be_v make_v by_o and_o fill_v with_o true_a air_n descend_v from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o only_o disperse_v through_o the_o water_n then_o upon_o the_o thaw_v of_o this_o ice_n the_o air_n will_v emerge_n and_o we_o may_v recover_v as_o much_o of_o real_a air_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o space_n acquire_v by_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o be_v turn_v into_o ice_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o our_o experience_n and_o this_o argument_n may_v also_o be_v urge_v against_o any_o that_o shall_v pretend_v for_o i_o expect_v not_o to_o see_v he_o prove_v it_o that_o though_o air_n as_o numerous_a experiment_n evince_v can_v get_v out_o of_o a_o seal_a glass_n yet_o it_o may_v in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o get_v into_o it_o but_o we_o find_v upon_o trial_n that_o the_o cavity_n of_o these_o bubble_n be_v not_o any_o thing_n near_o fill_v with_o air_n if_o they_o have_v in_o they_o any_o more_o air_n at_o all_o than_o that_o little_a which_o be_v wont_a as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v to_o lurk_v in_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n and_o other_o liquor_n and_o the_o make_v good_a of_o this_o lead_v we_o to_o the_o second_o enquiry_n we_o be_v propose_v about_o these_o bubble_n namely_o whether_o or_o no_o their_o cavity_n be_v fill_v and_o fill_v with_o air._n 6._o the_o full_a resolution_n of_o this_o whole_a difficulty_n will_v be_v no_o easy_a matter_n nor_o well_o to_o be_v dispatch_v with_o so_o much_o brevity_n as_o my_o occasion_n exact_v for_o it_o will_v require_v satisfactory_a answer_n to_o more_o than_o one_o or_o two_o question_n since_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v it_o may_v lead_v we_o to_o the_o debate_n of_o those_o two_o grand_a query_n whether_o or_o no_o nature_n admit_v a_o vacuum_n and_o whether_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n consist_v of_o a_o certain_a ethereal_a matter_n subtle_a enough_o to_o pass_v through_o the_o pore_n not_o only_o of_o liquor_n but_o of_o compact_a body_n and_o even_o of_o glass_n itself_o we_o shall_v also_o be_v oblige_v to_o inquire_v whether_o or_o no_o air_n i_o mean_v true_a and_o permanent_a air_n can_v be_v generate_v anew_o as_o well_o out_o of_o common_a water_n as_o many_o other_o liquor_n and_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v generate_v by_o cold_a itself_o and_o perhaps_o we_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o modus_fw-la of_o this_o production_n and_o engage_v ourselves_o in_o divers_a other_o difficulty_n who_o full_a prosecution_n beside_o that_o they_o will_v as_o much_o exceed_v our_o present_a leisure_n as_o ability_n seem_v more_o proper_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o more_o general_a part_n of_o physics_n where_o such_o kind_n of_o general_a question_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v handle_v wherefore_o we_o will_v now_o only_o consider_v this_o particular_a question_n whether_o or_o no_o the_o cavity_n of_o
a_o glass_n tube_n thrust_v into_o the_o ground_n yet_o it_o seem_v that_o at_o least_o where_o captain_n james_n winter_v the_o water_n be_v not_o much_o above_o half_a so_o thick_o freeze_v as_o the_o earth_n but_o we_o have_v already_o note_v the_o indisposition_n of_o salt-water_n to_o congelation_n and_o whether_o fresh_a water_n will_v not_o have_v be_v deep_o freeze_v may_v be_v just_o doubt_v title_n fourteen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o differ_a medium_n through_o which_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v 1._o in_o examine_v whether_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v through_o all_o medium_n indefinite_o notwithstanding_o their_o compactness_n or_o the_o closeness_n of_o their_o texture_n we_o must_v have_v a_o care_v not_o to_o make_v our_o trial_n with_o medium_n of_o too_o great_a thickness_n lest_o we_o mistake_o impute_v that_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o be_v indeed_o cause_v by_o the_o distance_n which_o the_o medium_fw-la put_v betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o patient_n for_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n wherewith_o we_o make_v our_o experiment_n will_v operate_v but_o at_o a_o very_a small_a distance_n though_o the_o medium_fw-la resist_v no_o more_o than_o the_o common_a air_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o some_o of_o the_o experiment_n record_v in_o this_o treatise_n this_o premised_a we_o may_v proceed_v to_o relate_v that_o have_v place_v a_o copious_a mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n in_o pipkin_n glaze_v within_o and_o in_o white_a basin_n glaze_v both_o within_o and_o without_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o outside_n of_o both_o those_o sort_n of_o vessel_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n though_o however_o the_o bake_a earth_n have_v not_o be_v compact_v nor_o the_o vitrified_a surface_n of_o a_o very_a close_a texture_n the_o very_a thickness_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o seem_v it_o will_v scarce_o have_v be_v able_a to_o freeze_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n 2._o by_o the_o experiment_n former_o mention_v of_o freeze_a water_n in_o pewter_n bottle_n it_o appear_v that_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o operate_v through_o such_o mettalline_a vessel_n 3._o and_o this_o may_v be_v somewhat_o confirm_v by_o one_o of_o the_o pretty_a experiment_n that_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o help_n of_o cold_a namely_o the_o make_v icy_a cup_n to_o drink_v in_o the_o way_n we_o use_v be_v this_o we_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v a_o cup_n of_o latin_a by_o which_o i_o mean_v iron_n reduce_v into_o thin_a plate_n and_o tin_a over_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o shape_n and_o bigness_n i_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o cup_n of_o then_o i_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n another_o cup_n of_o the_o same_o shape_n with_o the_o former_a but_o every_o way_n less_o so_o that_o it_o will_v go_v into_o the_o great_a and_o leave_v a_o competent_a interval_n for_o water_n betwixt_o its_o convex_a surface_n and_o the_o concave_n of_o the_o other_o this_o innermost_a cup_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o rim_n or_o lip_n by_o which_o it_o lean_v upon_o the_o great_a and_o by_o who_o help_n its_o side_n and_o bottom_n be_v easy_o place_v at_o a_o just_a and_o even_a distance_n from_o the_o side_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o other_o but_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o two_o bottom_n be_v make_v great_a then_o that_o between_o the_o side_n that_o the_o icy_a cup_n may_v stand_v the_o firm_a and_o last_v the_o long_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o two_o part_n of_o this_o mould_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o internal_a cup_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n partly_o to_o freeze_v the_o contiguous_a water_n and_o thereby_o cooperate_v to_o the_o quick_a make_n of_o the_o cup_n and_o partly_o by_o its_o weight_n to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o buoy_v up_o so_o light_a a_o cup_n the_o external_a part_n be_v surround_v with_o ice_n and_o salt_n who_o cold_a so_o powerful_o penetrate_v to_o the_o internal_a metalline_a mould_n that_o the_o water_n be_v quick_o freeze_v and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mould_n be_v disjoin_v appear_v turn_v into_o a_o icy_a cup_n of_o the_o bigness_n and_o figure_n design_v and_o these_o cup_n be_v easy_o to_o be_v make_v and_o of_o various_a shape_n and_o that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n if_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v at_o hand_n be_v very_o pleasant_a trifle_n especial_o in_o hot_a weather_n when_o they_o impart_v a_o very_a refresh_a coolness_n to_o the_o drink_n pour_v into_o they_o and_o though_o they_o last_v not_o long_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v employ_v to_o drink_v wine_n and_o such_o like_a spirituous_a drink_n in_o yet_o while_o some_o be_v melt_v other_o may_v be_v provide_v and_o so_o the_o loss_n may_v be_v easy_o repair_v all_o the_o difficulty_n we_o meet_v with_o be_v to_o disjoin_v the_o part_n of_o the_o mould_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o stick_v very_o fast_o to_o the_o ice_n they_o include_v and_o we_o try_v to_o obviate_v this_o sometime_o by_o anoint_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o mould_n with_o some_o unctuous_a and_o not_o offensive_a matter_n to_o hinder_v the_o adhesion_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o sometime_o by_o apply_v some_o convenient_a heat_n both_o to_o the_o convex_a part_n of_o the_o external_a and_o the_o concave_a part_n of_o the_o internal_a piece_n of_o the_o mould_n which_o last_o mention_v way_n be_v quick_a and_o sure_a but_o lessen_v the_o durableness_n of_o the_o cup._n we_o be_v late_o inform_v that_o this_o way_n of_o make_v cup_n of_o ice_n be_v set_v down_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d argenis_n and_o it_o be_v like_a enough_o that_o 〈◊〉_d man_n may_v have_v learn_v it_o among_o some_o of_o the_o virtuoso_n of_o italy_n he_o converse_v with_o but_o if_o we_o that_o learn_v it_o from_o none_o of_o they_o have_v not_o be_v teach_v it_o by_o experience_n we_o shall_v scarce_o have_v venture_v to_o try_v it_o upon_o the_o credit_n of_o a_o romance_n that_o sort_n of_o composure_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v fabulous_a enough_o to_o pass_v but_o for_o poem_n in_o prose_n 4._o the_o learned_a and_o industrious_a mathematician_n erasmus_n bartholinus_n mention_n in_o his_o new_o publish_v discourse_n de_fw-fr figura_fw-la 〈◊〉_d a_o experiment_n by_o which_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o some_o master_n of_o nature_n secret_n do_v easy_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o heat_n reduce_v water_n into_o air._n for_o they_o put_v a_o little_a snow_n or_o ice_n into_o a_o funnel_n and_o thereby_o so_o refrigerate_v and_o condense_a the_o ambient_fw-la air_n that_o there_o will_v dew_n trickle_v down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o funnel_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o some_o ingenious_a man_n have_v hope_v to_o make_v a_o artificial_a fountain_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n but_o i_o here_o mention_v this_o experiment_n rather_o because_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a to_o please_v those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v new_a and_o because_o have_v purposely_o try_v it_o in_o large_a and_o thick_a funnel_n of_o glass_n it_o may_v be_v pertinent_o enough_o deliver_v in_o this_o place_n where_o we_o be_v treat_v of_o the_o transmission_n or_o propagation_n of_o cold_a through_o close_a and_o thick_a medium_n then_o because_o we_o expect_v to_o make_v of_o it_o that_o use_v especial_o that_o oeconomical_a use_n that_o have_v be_v late_o intimate_v for_o first_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v the_o very_a air_n itself_o and_o not_o rather_o the_o vapour_n swim_v in_o it_o that_o be_v by_o this_o mean_v transmute_v into_o water_n and_o second_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v condense_a vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o funnel_n but_o either_o they_o that_o hope_v to_o make_v this_o use_n of_o the_o experiment_n have_v little_a experience_n of_o it_o and_o write_v conjectural_o or_o else_o they_o have_v make_v it_o with_o a_o success_n very_o differ_v from_o we_o for_o though_o we_o employ_v a_o large_a funnel_n and_o suspend_v it_o by_o a_o string_n artificial_o enough_o tie_v about_o it_o in_o the_o free_a air_n and_o though_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n we_o put_v in_o be_v sufficient_o infrigidate_v as_o will_v appear_v by_o and_o by_o and_o far_o more_o so_o then_o ice_n or_o snow_n alone_o will_v have_v be_v yet_o that_o mixture_n be_v not_o able_a to_o condense_a the_o vaporous_a part_n of_o the_o air_n into_o dew_n much_o if_o at_o all_o long_o than_o the_o mutual_a dissolution_n of_o the_o salt_n and_o snow_n last_v the_o liquor_n that_o be_v this_o way_n obtain_v and_o drop_v down_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o funnel_n who_o internal_a perforation_n ought_v to_o be_v careful_o stop_v lest_o any_o of_o the_o resolve_a snow_n and_o salt_n shall_v fall_v through_o
as_o it_o can_v to_o its_o temper_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o same_o temper_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o then_o with_o the_o warmth_n of_o one_o hand_n the_o include_v ice_n be_v loosen_v from_o the_o glass_n as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o a_o ruler_n divide_v into_o inch_n and_o eight_o be_v lay_v alongst_o it_o with_o a_o knife_n a_o little_a warm_v the_o ice_n be_v soon_o and_o yet_o not_o careless_o divide_v into_o several_a small_a cylinder_n of_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n a_o piece_n and_o these_o cylinder_v thus_o reduce_v to_o as_o sensible_a a_o equality_n as_o we_o can_v be_v nimble_o and_o careful_o put_v into_o the_o several_a liquor_n hereafter_o to_o be_v mention_v and_o while_o we_o ourselves_o watch_v very_o attentive_o till_o each_o of_o these_o icy_a cylinder_n be_v quite_o and_o yet_o but_o just_o dissolve_v we_o cause_v other_o to_o keep_v time_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o pendulum_n who_o vibration_n be_v each_o a_o second_o minute_n or_o 60._o part_n of_o a_o common_a minute_n whereof_o 60._o go_v to_o make_v a_o hour_n and_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o those_o we_o appoint_v to_o watch_v the_o vibration_n of_o the_o pendulum_n notwithstanding_o the_o quickness_n of_o its_o motion_n because_o it_o be_v fit_v to_o a_o little_a instrument_n purposely_o contrive_v for_o such_o nice_a observation_n wherein_o a_o long_a index_n move_v upon_o a_o divide_a dyal_n plate_n do_v very_o manifest_o point_v out_o the_o number_n of_o the_o diadrome_n make_v by_o the_o pendulum_n 3._o this_o experiment_n be_v afterward_o repeat_v twice_o with_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n each_o of_o they_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o though_o the_o success_n of_o these_o trial_n be_v various_a enough_o yet_o we_o shall_v subjoin_v both_o the_o last_o as_o be_v make_v with_o more_o advantage_n than_o the_o first_o that_o the_o more_o light_a may_v be_v gather_v from_o they_o and_o that_o at_o least_o we_o may_v discover_v how_o difficult_a it_o be_v to_o make_v such_o experiment_n in_o this_o matter_n as_o that_o all_o the_o nice_a circumstance_n of_o they_o may_v safe_o be_v rely_v on_o i._o trial._n 1._o oil_n of_o vitriol_n where_o a_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o iuch_n long_o be_v put_v into_o last_v 5._o minute_n 2._o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o which_o the_o ice_n sink_v last_v 12._o minute_n 3._o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la last_v 12_o ½_o minute_n 4._o water_n last_v about_o 12._o minute_n 5._o oil_n of_o turpentine_n last_v not_o good_a 44._o minute_n 6._o air_n last_v 64._o minute_n ii_o trial._n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n where_o a_o inch_n of_o cylindrical_a ice_n last_v 3._o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n last_v 13._o minute_n 3._o in_o water_n last_v 26._o minute_n 4._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n last_v 47._o minute_n 5._o in_o salad_n oil_n last_v 52._o minute_n 6._o in_o the_o air_n last_v 152._o minute_n 4._o we_o likewise_o think_v it_o worth_a try_v whether_o there_o will_v be_v any_o difference_n and_o how_o much_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o duration_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n some_o of_o they_o make_v of_o common_a water_n and_o other_o of_o freeze_a wine_n milk_n oil_n urine_n and_o other_o spirituous_a liquor_n these_o several_a piece_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v thaw_v in_o the_o same_o air_n or_o other_o ambient_fw-la liquor_n 5._o we_o also_o try_v whether_o motion_n will_v impart_v a_o heat_n to_o ice_n by_o nimble_o rub_v a_o strong_a piece_n of_o ice_n upon_o a_o plate_n of_o ice_n and_o though_o this_o seem_v to_o hasten_v the_o dissolution_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o icy_a plate_n where_o the_o altrition_n have_v be_v make_v yet_o we_o be_v unwilling_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n till_o further_a and_o exacter_n trial_n have_v be_v make_v 6._o and_o this_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n a_o experiment_n that_o have_v by_o some_o be_v think_v very_o strange_a the_o occasion_n i_o remember_v be_v that_o i_o receive_v the_o last_o winter_n the_o honour_n of_o a_o visit_n from_o a_o nobleman_n of_o great_a eminency_n and_o learning_n who_o chance_v to_o come_v in_o while_o i_o be_v make_v some_o trial_n with_o ice_n will_v needs_o know_v what_o i_o be_v do_v with_o it_o but_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o very_a fair_a lady_n in_o who_o hymen_n have_v make_v he_o happy_a and_o of_o some_o other_o company_n of_o that_o sex_n that_o he_o bring_v along_o with_o he_o invite_v i_o to_o give_v he_o the_o answer_n that_o i_o think_v will_v be_v most_o suit_v and_o acceptable_a to_o his_o company_n i_o merry_o tell_v he_o that_o i_o be_v try_v how_o to_o heat_v a_o cold_a liquor_n with_o ice_n and_o to_o satisfy_v he_o that_o be_v no_o impossibility_n i_o hold_v out_o a_o open_a mouth_a glass_n full_a of_o a_o certain_a liquor_n which_o for_o some_o just_a reason_n i_o do_v not_o describe_v but_o do_v plain_o teach_v it_o in_o a_o opportuner_n place_n and_o desire_v they_o to_o feel_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o actual_o cold_a and_o when_o they_o be_v satisfy_v it_o be_v so_o i_o choose_v among_o the_o piece_n ofice_n that_o lie_v by_o i_o that_o i_o judge_v by_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v fit_a for_o my_o purpose_n for_o every_o piece_n be_v not_o so_o for_o a_o reason_n i_o elsewhere_o show_v and_o throw_v it_o into_o this_o liquor_n it_o do_v not_o only_o in_o a_o trice_n vanish_v in_o it_o but_o the_o lady_n i_o be_v mention_v see_v the_o liquor_n smoke_n and_o advance_v hasty_o to_o try_v whether_o it_o be_v real_o warm_a find_v it_o so_o hot_a that_o she_o be_v quick_o fain_o to_o let_v it_o alone_o and_o have_v almost_o burn_v her_o tender_a hand_n with_o which_o she_o have_v in_o spite_n of_o my_o 〈◊〉_d wasion_n take_v hold_v of_o the_o glass_n which_o her_o lord_n himself_o can_v 〈◊〉_d endure_v to_o hold_v in_o he_o but_o this_o experiment_n which_o for_o the_o main_a i_o have_v repeat_v before_o competent_a witness_n though_o it_o be_v not_o impertinent_a to_o the_o history_n of_o cold_a yet_o i_o shall_v not_o build_v much_o upon_o it_o because_o how_o strange_a soever_o many_o have_v be_v please_v to_o think_v it_o i_o shall_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o certain_a unperceivable_a slight_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n do_v as_o well_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o ice_n contribute_v to_o the_o suddenness_n and_o surprizingness_n of_o the_o effect_n 7._o but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a i_o think_v those_o much_o mistake_v who_o imagine_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a do_v continual_o depend_v upon_o the_o actual_a presence_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o manifest_a efficient_n as_o the_o light_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v upon_o the_o sun_n or_o fire_n or_o other_o luminous_a body_n upon_o who_o removal_n it_o immediate_o cease_v for_o when_o cold_a agent_n have_v actual_o bring_v a_o dispose_v subject_n to_o a_o state_n of_o congelation_n though_o the_o manifest_a efficient_a cause_n cease_v from_o act_v or_o perhaps_o from_o be_v the_o effect_n may_v yet_o continue_v for_o in_o most_o case_n if_o a_o certain_a texture_n be_v once_o produce_v in_o a_o body_n it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o constancy_n of_o nature_n that_o it_o persevere_v in_o that_o state_n till_o it_o be_v forcible_o put_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o agent_n capable_a to_o overpower_v it_o and_o though_o we_o usual_o see_v ice_n and_o snow_n as_o it_o be_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n to_o melt_v away_o when_o the_o frosty_a constitution_n of_o the_o air_n cease_v yet_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o may_v be_v not_o bare_o the_o cessation_n of_o frosty_a weather_n but_o that_o those_o easy_o dissoluble_a body_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o free_a air_n which_o be_v heat_v by_o the_o sun_n beam_n and_o perhaps_o by_o calorifick_a expiration_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o actual_a cause_n upon_o who_o account_n it_o destroy_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o snow_n but_o even_o here_o above_o ground_n if_o snow_n be_v well_o compact_v into_o great_a mass_n in_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o closeness_n of_o the_o little_a icickle_n but_o little_a air_n be_v allow_v to_o get_v between_o they_o i_o have_v see_v such_o mass_n of_o snow_n last_o so_o long_o not_o only_o in_o thaw_v but_o in_o rainy_a weather_n as_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o and_o if_o such_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o it_o may_v be_v fence_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o external_a enemy_n though_o the_o place_n it_o be_v lodge_v in_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n near_o cold_a enough_o to_o produce_v ice_n yet_o it_o will_v as_o some_o trial_n
multiplicaret_fw-la as_o our_o author_n be_v descend_v into_o the_o golden_a mine_n at_o cremnitz_n he_o find_v in_o one_o place_n the_o heat_n to_o increase_v as_o he_o descend_v more_o and_o more_o which_o seem_v not_o to_o agree_v with_o a_o passage_n we_o late_o mention_v out_o of_o he_o and_o to_o exceed_v any_o he_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o other_o mine_n and_o afterward_o the_o overseer_n bring_v he_o into_o a_o room_n that_o abound_v with_o smaragdine_n vitriol_n the_o mineral_n whence_o this_o heat_n proceed_v though_o the_o room_n be_v spacious_a he_o find_v there_o beside_o a_o sharp_a spirit_n very_o offensive_a to_o his_o throat_n so_o troublesome_a a_o heat_n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o faint_v away_o with_o sweat_v and_o very_o much_o wonder_v how_o the_o digger_n be_v able_a to_o work_v there_o and_o elsewhere_o the_o author_n himself_o note_n that_o such_o hot_a mine_n of_o vitriol_n or_o sulphur_n may_v be_v find_v even_o in_o the_o first_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o he_o call_v that_o which_o be_v somewhat_o near_o the_o surface_n and_o which_o he_o think_v 〈◊〉_d to_o name_v the_o cold_a region_n and_o within_o a_o large_a sphere_n of_o activity_n make_v it_o perpetual_o hot_a but_o this_o as_o i_o be_v intimate_v i_o mention_v but_o as_o a_o suspicion_n or_o a_o conjecture_n and_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n may_v be_v much_o increase_v in_o these_o mine_n by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o accidental_a cause_n in_o case_n the_o conjecture_n be_v admit_v yet_o since_o the_o frequency_n of_o a_o sensible_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o very_o deep_a place_n do_v very_o little_a favour_n their_o opinion_n that_o will_v allow_v the_o earth_n to_o have_v no_o other_o heat_n but_o what_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o sun_n beam_n or_o by_o the_o manifest_a fire_n of_o burn_a hill_n as_o aetna_n and_o vesuvius_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v object_v that_o this_o subterraneal_a heat_n be_v adventitious_a to_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v supreme_o cold_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n gassendus_fw-la might_n reply_n that_o it_o be_v as_o likely_a that_o the_o coldness_n of_o it_o near_o the_o superficies_n may_v be_v adventitious_a too_o and_o that_o it_o appear_v at_o least_o as_o manifest_o that_o the_o one_o proceed_v from_o the_o contiguous_a air_n as_o it_o do_v that_o the_o other_o proceed_v from_o some_o include_v fire_n and_o if_o i_o misremember_v not_o he_o have_v this_o consideration_n that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o nature_n shall_v have_v intend_v the_o earth_n for_o its_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la and_o yet_o that_o a_o great_a part_n and_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v the_o great_a shall_v be_v constant_o keep_v warm_a either_o by_o the_o sun_n as_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o by_o the_o subterraneal_a fire_n but_o the_o objection_n mention_v against_o gassendus_fw-la oppose_v but_o one_o of_o the_o argument_n we_o have_v allege_v against_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o 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and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n i_o think_v it_o not_o improbable_a that_o pure_a earth_n shall_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v cold_a than_o either_o pure_a water_n or_o pure_a air_n since_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o consistent_a body_n its_o component_a particle_n be_v at_o rest_n among_o themselves_o or_o at_o least_o move_v with_o a_o almost_o infinite_a slowness_n whereas_o water_n and_o air_n be_v fluid_n their_o component_a particle_n must_v be_v in_o a_o restless_a and_o various_a motion_n and_o consequent_o be_v less_o remote_a from_o heat_n which_o be_v a_o state_n wherein_o the_o various_a agitation_n of_o the_o minute_n particle_n be_v more_o vehement_a 12._o and_o if_o those_o that_o plead_v for_o the_o earth_n have_v declare_v that_o they_o mean_v not_o the_o pure_a or_o elementary_a earth_n but_o that_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n that_o be_v distinct_a from_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o water_n that_o make_v it_o up_o and_o will_v have_v earth_n in_o that_o sense_n not_o to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o only_o the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la perhaps_o they_o may_v have_v a_o better_a plea_n for_o their_o opinion_n than_o they_o can_v urge_v for_o they_o who_o contend_v for_o the_o water_n or_o the_o air_n especial_o if_o to_o countenance_v their_o opinion_n this_o memorable_a observation_n be_v add_v which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o 474._o among_o those_o navigator_n that_o have_v have_v the_o great_a experience_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n for_o the_o dutch_a that_o sail_v thrice_o to_o nova_n 〈◊〉_d and_o once_o winter_v there_o affirm_v in_o their_o first_o voyage_n that_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a be_v not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o main_a sea_n where_o yet_o man_n be_v most_o expose_v to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o of_o the_o water_n but_o either_o upon_o the_o land_n or_o near_o it_o that_o accurate_a geometrician_n and_o hydrographer_n fournier_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o 1595._o 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water_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n have_v make_v it_o to_o be_v that_o of_o the_o school_n and_o of_o the_o generality_n of_o philosopher_n but_o i_o can_v as_o little_o acquiesce_v in_o this_o opinion_n as_o in_o the_o former_a not_o find_v it_o agreeable_a to_o what_o experience_n teach_v we_o 14._o for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o difficult_a to_o prove_v that_o divers_a very_o cold_a body_n as_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o crystal_n and_o several_a other_o fusible_a stone_n have_v in_o they_o any_o water_n at_o all_o to_o which_o their_o coldness_n may_v with_o any_o degree_n of_o probability_n be_v ascribe_v nor_o to_o urge_v the_o argument_n that_o some_o modern_a contender_n for_o the_o supreme_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v wont_a to_o employ_v not_o i_o say_v to_o insist_v on_o such_o thing_n
i_o shall_v content_v myself_o to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o obvious_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o cold_a that_o in_o river_n pond_n and_o other_o receptacle_n of_o water_n the_o congelation_n begin_v at_o the_o top_n where_o the_o liquor_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o immediate_a contact_n of_o the_o air_n which_o sufficient_o argue_v that_o the_o air_n be_v cold_a than_o the_o water_n since_o it_o be_v able_a not_o only_o sensible_o to_o refrigerate_v it_o but_o to_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o fluidity_n and_o congeal_v it_o into_o ice_n whereas_o if_o the_o water_n itself_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la either_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v at_o least_o as_o to_o the_o major_a part_n of_o it_o always_o congeal_v or_o we_o may_v just_o demand_v a_o reason_n why_o when_o it_o do_v freeze_v the_o glaciation_n shall_v not_o begin_v in_o the_o middle_n or_o at_o the_o bottom_n as_o soon_o as_o at_o the_o top_n if_o not_o soon_o and_o our_o argument_n against_o the_o precedency_n 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prove_v that_o those_o thick_a mass_n of_o ice_n be_v not_o solid_a and_o entire_a piece_n but_o rather_o heap_n of_o many_o 〈◊〉_d and_o other_o fragment_n of_o ice_n which_o run_v upon_o one_o another_o or_o slide_v under_o one_o another_o be_v by_o the_o congelation_n of_o the_o intercept_a water_n and_o perchance_o half_o thaw_v snow_n as_o it_o be_v cement_v together_o into_o misshapen_v and_o unwieldy_a mass_n which_o conjecture_n agree_v very_o well_o with_o that_o observation_n of_o the_o ingenious_a captain_n james_n which_o he_o deliver_v in_o these_o word_n it_o seldom_o rain_v after_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n but_o snow_n and_o that_o snow_n will_v not_o melt_v on_o the_o land_n nor_o sand_n at_o low_a water_n when_o it_o snow_v which_o it_o do_v very_o often_o the_o sand_n be_v all_o cover_v over_o with_o it_o which_o the_o half_a tide_n carry_v 〈◊〉_d ous_o twice_o in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n into_o the_o great_a bay_n which_o be_v the_o common_a rendezvous_n of_o it_o every_o low_a water_n be_v the_o sand_n leave_v clear_a to_o gather_v more_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o it_o thus_o do_v it_o daily_o gather_v in_o this_o manner_n till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o octob._n and_o by_o that_o time_n have_v it_o bring_v the_o sea_n to_o that_o coldness_n that_o as_o it_o snow_v the_o snow_n will_v lie_v upon_o the_o water_n in_o flake_n without_o change_v its_o colour_n but_o with_o the_o wind_n be_v wrought_v together_o and_o as_o the_o winter_n go_v forward_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n or_o more_o in_o one_o night_n which_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o half_a tide_n meet_v with_o some_o obstacle_n as_o it_o soon_o do_v and_o then_o it_o crumple_v and_o so_o run_v upon_o itself_o that_o in_o few_o hour_n it_o will_v be_v five_o or_o six_o foot_n thick_a the_o half_a tide_n still_o flow_v carry_v it_o so_o fast_o away_o that_o by_o december_n it_o be_v grow_v to_o a_o infinite_a multiplication_n of_o ice_n thus_o far_o this_o navigator_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o passage_n out_o of_o one_o of_o his_o countryman_n mr._n hudson_n famous_a for_o the_o northern_a discovery_n that_o bear_v his_o name_n by_o which_o add_v to_o what_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o deliver_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n we_o may_v be_v invite_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o vast_a hill_n and_o island_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o about_o the_o strait_o of_o weigat_n and_o elsewhere_o be_v not_o generate_v of_o the_o sea_n itself_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v no_o marvel_n say_v he_o that_o there_o be_v so_o much_o ice_n in_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o pole_n so_o many_o sound_v and_o river_n be_v in_o the_o land_n of_o nova_n zembla_n and_o newland_n to_o engender_v it_o beside_o the_o coast_n of_o pechora_n russia_n and_o greenland_n with_o lappia_n as_o by_o proof_n i_o find_v by_o my_o travel_n in_o these_o part_n 15._o but_o for_o all_o this_o i_o think_v not_o fit_a as_o do_v the_o ingenious_a gassendus_fw-la and_o some_o other_o to_o make_v the_o water_n indifferent_a as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o as_o i_o former_o note_v concern_v the_o earth_n so_o i_o must_v now_o represent_v touch_v the_o water_n that_o set_v aside_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v but_o adventitious_a where_o it_o do_v operate_v and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d many_o vast_a portion_n of_o that_o element_n which_o it_o 〈◊〉_d not_o 〈◊〉_d reach_v the_o insensible_a part_n of_o water_n be_v much_o less_o agitate_a than_o those_o of_o our_o sensory_n temperate_o dispose_v and_o consequent_o may_v in_o regard_n of_o we_o be_v judge_v cold_a for_o though_o water_n be_v a_o liquor_n i_o ready_o allow_v it_o a_o various_a motion_n of_o its_o component_a corpuscle_n that_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v a_o body_n fluid_fw-la yet_o such_o a_o agitation_n which_o be_v sufficient_a for_o fluidity_n may_v be_v and_o often_o be_v far_o more_o remiss_a then_o that_o of_o the_o spirit_n blood_n and_o other_o liquor_n of_o so_o hot_a a_o sanguineous_a animal_n as_o man_n as_o we_o see_v that_o urine_n though_o after_o it_o have_v be_v long_o omit_v it_o continue_v a_o fluid_a body_n yet_o its_o part_n be_v far_o less_o agitate_a than_o they_o be_v when_o it_o come_v hot_a and_o reek_v out_o of_o the_o bladder_n 16._o and_o upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v what_o by_o inquiry_n i_o have_v learn_v that_o except_o the_o part_n somewhat_o near_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n which_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o neighbour_a lower_v region_n of_o the_o air_n may_v give_v some_o warmth_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v very_o cold_a for_o be_v very_o well_o acquaint_v with_o one_o that_o for_o some_o time_n get_v a_o livelihood_n by_o go_v down_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o fetch_v up_o what_o can_v be_v recover_v out_o of_o shipwrack_a vessel_n i_o purposely_o inquire_v of_o he_o what_o cold_a he_o feel_v 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you_o shall_v see_v such_o a_o new_a hue_n 415._o and_o face_n of_o a_o country_n the_o wood_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v all_o of_o fir_n and_o birch_n so_o fresh_a and_o so_o sweet_a the_o pasture_n and_o meadow_n so_o green_a and_o well_o grow_v and_o that_o upon_o the_o sudden_a such_o variety_n of_o flower_n such_o noise_n of_o bird_n especial_o of_o nightingale_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o loud_a and_o of_o a_o more_o variable_a note_n then_o in_o other_o country_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o light_o travel_v in_o a_o more_o pleasant_a country_n and_o some_o line_n after_o as_o the_o winter_n exceed_v in_o cold_a so_o the_o summer_n incline_v to_o 〈◊〉_d much_o heat_n especial_o in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v much_o warm_a 〈◊〉_d the_o summer_n air_n in_o england_n almost_o like_o thing_n have_v be_v much_o more_o recent_o affirm_v by_o the_o learned_a olearius_n secretary_n to_o the_o 119._o duke_n of_o holstein_n embassy_n into_o 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zenith_n fit_n propinquior_fw-la aer_fw-la ille_fw-la valdè_fw-la incalescit_fw-la &_o nisi_fw-la aetesiae_fw-la venti_fw-la tunc_fw-la à _fw-la septentrione_fw-la spirarent_fw-la vehementissimus_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la vix_fw-la à _fw-la nostris_fw-la perferri_fw-la possit_fw-la caloris_fw-la aestus_fw-la sentiretur_fw-la advenae_fw-la nostri_fw-la iis_fw-la provenientibus_fw-la ad_fw-la 11._o subterranea_fw-la loca_fw-la confugiunt_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la morantur_fw-la quousque_fw-la ille_fw-la ventorum_fw-la ardour_n residerit_fw-la atque_fw-la cessaverit_fw-la conjunxit_fw-la haec_fw-la incommoda_fw-la deus_fw-la optimus_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la bonis_fw-la nam_fw-la ubi_fw-la calidissimi_fw-la illi_fw-la venti_fw-la conticuere_fw-la statim_fw-la à _fw-la septentrione_fw-la flare_v alii_fw-la incipiunt_fw-la qui_fw-la subitaneum_fw-la inflammatis_fw-la atque_fw-la laxatis_fw-la corporibus_fw-la solatium_fw-la praestant_fw-la si_fw-mi enim_fw-la illi_fw-la diu_fw-la perseveraverint_fw-la nemo_fw-la in_o eâ_fw-la region_fw-la vivere_fw-la possit_fw-la whence_o wind_n shall_v have_v this_o power_n to_o change_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o air_n and_o especial_o to_o bring_v cold_a along_o with_o they_o be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v determine_v indeed_o the_o other_o quality_n and_o even_o the_o heat_n that_o be_v observable_a in_o wind_n may_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v probable_o enough_o derive_v from_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o place_n by_o which_o they_o pass_v of_o this_o we_o have_v already_o give_v a_o example_n or_o two_o in_o the_o passage_n late_o mention_v and_o it_o may_v be_v further_o confirm_v by_o what_o acosta_n say_v that_o he_o himself_o see_v in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n namely_o that_o the_o iron_n grate_v be_v so_o rust_v and_o 9_o consume_v by_o a_o peculiar_a wind_n that_o press_v the_o metal_n between_o your_o finger_n it_o will_v be_v dissolve_v and_o crumble_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v 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the_o weight_n of_o water_n congeal_v into_o ice_n will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o former_a fluid_a water_n we_o will_v subjoin_v what_o immediate_o follow_v in_o the_o same_o paper_n in_o these_o word_n 11._o we_o take_v a_o seal_a vial_n very_o thin_a that_o it_o may_v be_v light_a but_o not_o so_o large_a as_o the_o other_o by_o about_o a_o three_o as_o amount_v in_o the_o late_o mention_v scale_n but_o to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d gr_n 41._o when_o we_o have_v seal_v it_o up_o with_o the_o water_n in_o it_o this_o vial_n we_o place_v as_o we_o have_v do_v the_o other_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n freeze_v it_o wary_o lest_o be_v seal_v it_o shall_v break_v than_o we_o remove_v it_o into_o the_o same_o scale_n to_o try_v whether_o it_o have_v get_v any_o weight_n by_o the_o suppose_a subingression_n of_o the_o atom_n of_o cold_a which_o many_o learned_a man_n take_v to_o be_v the_o efficient_n of_o congelation_n but_o it_o either_o weigh_v just_a as_o before_o or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v lose_v ¼_n of_o a_o grain_n be_v suffer_v to_o thaw_v and_o put_v into_o the_o same_o scale_n again_o it_o weigh_v just_a as_o much_o as_o it_o do_v when_o freeze_v though_o the_o weight_n be_v numerical_o the_o same_o and_o about_o ⅛_n will_v sway_v the_o scale_n or_o at_o least_o be_v sensible_a upon_o they_o but_o note_n that_o i_o be_v careful_a this_o last_o time_n to_o wipe_v the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n with_o a_o linen_n cloth_n because_o i_o have_v observe_v according_a to_o what_o i_o elsewhere_o deliver_v that_o in_o case_n ice_n be_v any_o thing_n hasty_o thaw_v it_o may_v produce_v a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n as_o i_o suspect_v that_o even_o the_o warm_a air_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n do_v in_o this_o and_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v for_o this_o suspicion_n some_o adhere_a dew_n that_o i_o be_v thereby_o enable_v to_o detect_v and_o wipe_v off_o before_o i_o put_v the_o vial_n into_o the_o scale_n may_v easy_o have_v impose_v upon_o we_o 12._o these_o trial_n i_o presume_v may_v give_v some_o satisfaction_n about_o the_o inquiry_n for_o the_o resolve_v whereof_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v they_o 13._o but_o i_o be_v also_o desirous_a to_o see_v whether_o any_o difference_n as_o to_o weight_n will_v be_v produce_v by_o freeze_a and_o thaw_v if_o i_o may_v use_v those_o expression_n in_o this_o case_n iron_n stone_n wood_n or_o the_o like_a solid_a and_o permanent_a body_n which_o i_o intend_v to_o have_v exact_o weigh_v before_o and_o after_o their_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o also_o after_o the_o frost_n be_v go_v and_o all_o this_o against_o counterpoize_v not_o expose_v to_o so_o great_a a_o cold_a will_v discover_v any_o sensible_a alteration_n as_o to_o weight_n that_o may_v safe_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o cold._n and_o though_o avocation_n and_o the_o negligence_n of_o one_o that_o we_o employ_v keep_v we_o from_o bring_v the_o matter_n to_o such_o a_o issue_n as_o be_v desire_v yet_o the_o trial_n seem_v not_o altogether_o irrational_a since_o we_o have_v former_o make_v it_o probable_a and_o have_v since_o meet_v with_o fresh_a instance_n to_o confirm_v it_o that_o even_o stone_n and_o metal_n may_v resent_v some_o change_n of_o texture_n by_o the_o operation_n of_o some_o degree_n of_o cold._n and_o indeed_o induce_v by_o such_o consideration_n of_o that_o kind_n as_o seem_v the_o least_o doubtful_a i_o remember_v i_o sometime_o make_v several_a experiment_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o some_o metal_n and_o stone_n both_o before_o and_o after_o they_o have_v be_v much_o expose_v to_o a_o more_o vehement_a cold_a then_o will_v
not_o find_v that_o his_o great_a earthen_a pot_n which_o be_v make_v up_o with_o as_o little_a water_n as_o be_v possible_a &_o be_v deserve_o famous_a for_o their_o durable_a texture_n have_v not_o that_o texture_n alter_v and_o impair_v by_o very_a pierce_a frost_n he_o assure_v i_o that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v the_o frost_n as_o they_o speak_v from_o get_v into_o they_o those_o great_a and_o solid_a vessel_n wherein_o he_o use_v to_o keep_v his_o glass_n in_o fusion_n will_v in_o the_o fire_n scale_n or_o crack_v and_o perhaps_o fly_v and_o become_v unserviceable_a no_o less_o than_o some_o week_n soon_o than_o if_o they_o have_v never_o be_v impair_v by_o the_o frost_n and_o when_o i_o inquire_v whether_o also_o glass_n itself_o will_v not_o be_v much_o prejudice_v thereby_o he_o affirm_v to_o i_o that_o oftentimes_o in_o very_o hard_a frost_n many_o glass_n that_o have_v continue_v entire_a for_o many_o week_n for_o that_o circumstance_n i_o be_v solicitous_a to_o ask_v about_o will_v as_o it_o be_v of_o their_o own_o own_o accord_n crack_v with_o loud_a noise_n but_o whatever_o prove_v to_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o such_o trial_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o confirm_v the_o phaenomenon_n itself_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o a_o illiterate_a but_o very_o experience_a french_a aurhor_n who_o on_o a_o certain_a occasion_n tell_v we_o as_o i_o also_o take_v notice_n in_o another_o physics_n treatise_n that_o he_o know_v the_o stone_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o ardenne_n famous_n enough_o in_o france_n be_v hard_o than_o marble_n and_o yet_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o palissy_n country_n do_v not_o draw_v they_o out_o of_o the_o quarry_n in_o winter_n because_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o frost_n and_o it_o have_v be_v divers_a time_n see_v that_o upon_o thaw_n the_o rock_n without_o be_v cut_v have_v fall_v down_o and_o kill_v many_o but_o it_o may_v yet_o seem_v far_o more_o unlikely_a that_o frost_n shall_v get_v into_o metal_n themselves_o and_o yet_o have_v ask_v the_o new_o mention_v polonian_n whether_o he_o have_v observe_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n he_o answer_v that_o he_o have_v often_o by_o draw_v out_o his_o sword_n and_o pull_v out_o his_o pistol_n when_o he_o have_v be_v long_o in_o the_o field_n and_o come_v into_o a_o hot_a room_n find_v they_o quick_o almost_o whiten_v over_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o small_a hoar_a frost_n but_o whether_o this_o be_v as_o he_o conceive_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o steel_n and_o settle_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o i_o want_v circumstance_n enough_o to_o make_v i_o willing_a to_o determine_v but_o if_o we_o will_v credit_v olaus_n magnus_n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o considerable_o thick_a piece_n of_o iron_n and_o steel_n itself_o will_v in_o the_o northern_a region_n be_v render_v so_o brittle_a by_o the_o extreme_a frost_n that_o they_o be_v fain_o to_o temper_v their_o instrument_n after_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n his_o word_n which_o be_v remarkable_a i_o forbear_v 23._o to_o alter_v be_v these_o videntur_fw-la praeterea_fw-la ferrei_fw-la ligones_fw-la certa_fw-la ratione_fw-la fabricati_fw-la quia_fw-la his_fw-la spissa_fw-la atque_fw-la indurata_fw-la glacies_fw-la caeteris_fw-la instrumentis_fw-la ferreis_n non_fw-la cedens_fw-la facilius_fw-la infringitur_fw-la dum_fw-la aliae_fw-la secure_v chalybe_o permixtae_fw-la in_fw-la vehementi_fw-la frigore_fw-la ad_fw-la solum_fw-la glaciei_fw-la vel_fw-la virentis_fw-la arboris_fw-la ictum_fw-la instar_fw-la vitri_fw-la rumpuntur_fw-la ubi_fw-la ligones_fw-la praedicti_fw-la sive_fw-la ferreae_fw-la hastae_fw-la fortissimi_fw-la manent_fw-la which_o testimony_n notwithstanding_o what_o some_o have_v write_v to_o this_o author_n disparagement_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o at_o all_o incredible_a for_o i_o remember_v that_o even_o here_o in_o england_n i_o have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o cause_v trial_n to_o be_v make_v in_o very_o frosty_a weather_n whereby_o if_o a_o expert_a smith_n i_o then_o use_v to_o employ_v do_v not_o gratis_o deceive_v i_o in_o the_o iron_n i_o employ_v that_o 〈◊〉_d may_v by_o such_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o even_o our_o climate_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v render_v exceed_o brittle_a as_o he_o several_a time_n affirm_v to_o i_o that_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o iron_n which_o he_o can_v hammer_v and_o turn_v as_o they_o phrase_v it_o cold_a in_o open_a weather_n which_o yet_o in_o very_o hard_a frost_n will_v become_v so_o brittle_a as_o by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o work_v easy_o to_o break_v if_o not_o to_o fly_v asunder_o and_o this_o he_o affirm_v both_o of_o iron_n and_o steel_n of_o which_o latter_a metal_n another_o very_a skilful_a workman_n who_o i_o also_o consult_v certify_v the_o like_a but_o though_o this_o disagree_v not_o with_o trial_n purposely_o make_v on_o iron_n rod_n have_v inform_v i_o yet_o presume_v that_o in_o such_o a_o nice_a piece_n of_o work_n as_o a_o spring_n some_o further_a satisfaction_n about_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v obtain_v i_o inquire_v of_o a_o very_a dexterous_a artificer_n that_o be_v skilled_a in_o make_v spring_n for_o other_o whether_o or_o no_o he_o find_v a_o necessity_n of_o give_v spring_v another_o temper_n in_o very_o frosty_a weather_n then_o at_o other_o season_n and_o he_o answer_v i_o that_o in_o such_o 〈◊〉_d if_o he_o give_v his_o spring_n the_o same_o temper_n that_o he_o do_v in_o mild_a and_o open_a weather_n they_o will_v be_v very_o apt_a to_o break_v and_o therefore_o in_o very_o sharp_a season_n he_o use_v to_o take_v they_o down_o lower_v as_o they_o speak_v that_o be_v give_v they_o a_o soft_a temper_n than_o at_o other_o time_n which_o as_o it_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o cold_a may_v have_v a_o considerable_a operation_n upon_o body_n upon_o which_o most_o man_n will_v not_o suspect_v it_o to_o have_v one_o so_o that_o discovery_n may_v afford_v a_o hint_n that_o may_v possible_o reach_v further_o than_o we_o be_v yet_o aware_a of_o touch_v the_o interest_n that_o cold_a may_v have_v in_o many_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v that_o in_o prosecution_n of_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o xx._n section_n about_o the_o weight_n of_o solid_a body_n that_o i_o there_o wish_v may_v be_v expose_v to_o a_o congeal_a air_n i_o do_v cause_v some_o trial_n of_o that_o kind_a to_o be_v make_v in_o a_o very_a frosty_a night_n especial_o with_o brick_n but_o something_o that_o happen_v to_o the_o only_a scale_n i_o then_o have_v fit_a for_o such_o a_o experiment_n make_v i_o doubt_n whether_o some_o little_a increase_n of_o weight_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v gain_v by_o congelation_n be_v to_o be_v rely_v upon_o though_o there_o do_v not_o appear_v any_o hoar_a frost_n or_o other_o thing_n outward_o adhere_v to_o which_o the_o effect_n can_v be_v ascribe_v it_o be_v a_o tradition_n which_o the_o school_n and_o other_o have_v receive_v with_o great_a veneration_n from_o their_o master_n aristotle_n that_o hot_a water_n will_v soon_o freeze_v then_o cold_a but_o i_o do_v not_o much_o wonder_n that_o the_o learned_a 〈◊〉_d as_o i_o find_v he_o quote_v by_o bartholinus_n shall_v contradict_v this_o tradition_n though_o he_o be_v himself_o a_o commentator_n upon_o that_o book_n of_o aristotle_n wherein_o it_o be_v deliver_v for_o i_o can_v never_o satisfy_v myself_o that_o there_o be_v at_o least_o with_o our_o water_n and_o in_o our_o climate_n any_o truth_n in_o the_o assertion_n though_o i_o have_v make_v trial_n of_o it_o more_o way_n than_o one_o but_o it_o may_v very_o well_o suffice_v to_o mention_v a_o few_o of_o the_o plain_a and_o easy_a trial_n with_o who_o success_n i_o be_o well_o satisfy_v as_o to_o the_o main_a as_o the_o reader_n also_o will_v i_o doubt_v not_o be_v though_o not_o have_v for_o want_v of_o health_n be_v able_a to_o have_v so_o immediate_a a_o inspection_n of_o these_o as_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o my_o experiment_n i_o be_v sometime_o fain_o to_o trust_v the_o watchfulness_n of_o my_o servant_n who_o i_o be_v careful_a to_o send_v out_o often_o to_o bring_v i_o word_n how_o long_o after_o the_o first_o freeze_v of_o the_o cold_a water_n it_o be_v before_o the_o other_o begin_v to_o be_v congeal_v we_o take_v then_o three_o pottinger_n as_o near_o of_o a_o size_n as_o we_o can_v and_o the_o one_o we_o fill_v almost_o to_o the_o top_n with_o cold_a water_n the_o other_o with_o water_n that_o have_v be_v boil_v before_o and_o be_v moderate_o cool_v again_o and_o the_o three_o with_o hot_a water_n these_o three_o vessel_n be_v expose_v together_o in_o the_o same_o place_n to_o the_o freeze_a air._n in_o the_o entry_n of_o one_o of_o the_o trial_n i_o find_v that_o be_v all_o three_o put_v out_o at_o half_a a_o hour_n after_o eight_o of_o the_o clock_n that_o the_o
18._o title_n where_o i_o recite_v the_o experiment_n of_o the_o infrigidating_a wind_n i_o shall_v more_o express_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o this_o circumstance_n that_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o bare_a wind_n as_o such_o who_o operation_n upon_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n make_v the_o liquor_n to_o ascend_v we_o put_v a_o mark_n upon_o the_o height_n it_o stand_v at_o when_o we_o have_v a_o pretty_a while_n blow_v upon_o it_o and_o then_o without_o remove_v the_o bellows_o put_v ice_n and_o salt_n about_o the_o iron_n pipe_n of_o it_o by_o which_o mixture_n the_o air_n that_o be_v afterward_o blow_v through_o that_o pipe_n be_v so_o cool_v in_o its_o passage_n as_o to_o make_v the_o liquor_n very_o manifest_o to_o ascend_v even_o in_o a_o weatherglass_n where_o i_o do_v employ_v as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o declare_v that_o i_o often_o do_v quicksilver_n instead_o of_o water_n or_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o lest_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n shall_v be_v suspect_v to_o have_v cause_v this_o contraction_n of_o the_o include_v air_n we_o do_v sometime_o purposely_o intermit_v the_o move_n of_o the_o bellows_o without_o remove_v the_o weatherglass_n and_o though_o notwithstanding_o that_o vicinity_n the_o liquor_n will_v begin_v a_o little_a to_o subside_o yet_o when_o ever_o the_o cold_a spirit_n or_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o high_o refrigerated_a air_n be_v by_o the_o play_v of_o the_o bellows_o anew_o approach_v to_o or_o rather_o bring_v to_o touch_v in_o swarm_n the_o globular_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n the_o mercury_n will_v manifest_o ascend_v and_o since_o we_o be_v speak_v of_o weather-glass_n i_o shall_v on_o this_o occasion_n subjoin_v that_o certain_a circumstance_n may_v also_o vary_v the_o success_n of_o another_o experiment_n somewhat_o of_o kin_n to_o that_o late_o repeat_v about_o the_o pendulous_a drop_n which_o be_v brief_o mention_v not_o far_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o praeliminary_n discourse_n for_o though_o the_o common_a thermometer_n that_o be_v here_o wont_a to_o be_v sell_v in_o shop_n have_v usual_o the_o pipe_n of_o the_o bolthead_n very_o large_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o ball_n and_o therefore_o be_v in_o that_o place_n say_v to_o be_v weather-glass_n not_o nice_a and_o though_o on_o such_o instrument_n in_o certain_a temperature_n of_o the_o air_n intimate_v by_o the_o word_n sometime_o employ_v in_o that_o passage_n the_o air_n blow_v out_o of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o against_o some_o part_n of_o the_o include_v air_n will_v not_o especial_o at_o the_o beginning_n make_v the_o air_n sensible_o contract_v itself_o and_o the_o liquor_n ascend_v though_o at_o the_o very_a first_o and_o second_o blast_n the_o coldness_n of_o this_o artificial_a wind_n may_v be_v very_o sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n intend_v to_o be_v teach_v in_o that_o passage_n yet_o have_v the_o curiosity_n with_o other_o bellows_o at_o another_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o blow_v long_o upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o not_o common_a but_o nice_a weatherglass_n of_o my_o own_o make_n furnish_v with_o a_o pipe_n that_o be_v very_o slender_a i_o divers_a time_n but_o not_o always_o find_v the_o tinct_a liquor_n manifest_o enough_o to_o ascend_v as_o if_o the_o wind_n consist_v of_o a_o more_o compress_v air_n do_v by_o contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o cold_a particle_n in_o the_o same_o room_n more_o affect_v the_o internal_a air_n than_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o calm_a and_o lax_v outward_a air_n do_v before_o which_o disparity_n of_o event_n have_v give_v i_o the_o design_n of_o make_v further_a trial_n with_o differ_v thermoscope_n at_o other_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o see_v if_o i_o can_v bring_v the_o matter_n to_o some_o certainty_n by_o discover_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o contingency_n in_o which_o i_o afterward_o suspect_v that_o some_o light_a degree_n 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i_o must_v free_o 〈◊〉_d that_o though_o in_o live_a creature_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o perfect_a sort_n of_o animal_n i_o do_v in_o divers_a case_n allow_v argument_n draw_v from_o final_a cause_n yet_o where_o only_o inanimate_a body_n be_v concern_v i_o do_v not_o easy_o suffer_v myself_o to_o be_v prevail_v upon_o by_o such_o argument_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o danger_n that_o cold_a and_o heat_n who_o cause_n be_v so_o radicate_v in_o nature_n shall_v be_v lose_v out_o of_o the_o world_n in_o case_n each_o parcel_n of_o matter_n that_o happen_v to_o be_v surround_v with_o body_n wherein_o a_o contrary_a quality_n be_v predominant_a be_v not_o endow_v with_o a_o incomprehensible_a faculty_n of_o self_n invigoration_n and_o nature_n either_o do_v not_o need_v the_o help_n of_o this_o imaginary_a power_n or_o oftentimes_o have_v recourse_n unto_o it_o to_o very_o little_a purpose_n since_o we_o see_v that_o these_o quality_n subsist_v in_o the_o world_n and_o 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task_n be_v only_o to_o examine_v the_o antiperistasis_n of_o cold_a and_o heat_n concern_v which_o i_o think_v i_o have_v very_o just_a cause_n to_o pronounce_v the_o vulgar_a conceit_n very_o unconsonant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o inanimate_a being_n for_o the_o peripatetic_n talk_v of_o cold_a and_o heat_v surround_v by_o the_o opposite_a quality_n as_o if_o both_o of_o they_o have_v a_o understanding_n and_o foresight_n that_o in_o case_n it_o do_v not_o gather_v up_o its_o spirit_n and_o stout_o play_v its_o part_n against_o the_o opposite_a that_o distress_n it_o it_o must_v infallible_o perish_v and_o as_o if_o be_v conscious_a to_o its_o self_n of_o have_v a_o power_n of_o self_n invigoration_n at_o the_o presence_n of_o its_o adversary_n it_o be_v able_a to_o encourage_v itself_o like_o the_o hero_n in_o the_o poet_n that_o say_v nunc_fw-la animus_fw-la opus_fw-la est_fw-la aenea_fw-la nunc_fw-la pectore_fw-la firmo_fw-la which_o indeed_o be_v to_o transform_v physical_a 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14._o inch_n long_o furnish_v with_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o have_v provide_v a_o open_a mouth_a glass_n of_o a_o convenient_a shape_n and_o size_n and_o fill_v it_o but_o to_o a_o due_a height_n that_o it_o may_v not_o afterward_o run_v over_o with_o common_a water_n i_o so_o order_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o thermoscope_n be_v support_v by_o the_o cork_n into_o which_o by_o a_o perforation_n or_o slit_v it_o be_v insert_v when_o the_o glass_n be_v stop_v by_o the_o cork_n the_o whole_a ball_n of_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o the_o water_n that_o fill_v the_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n and_o do_v no_o where_o touch_v either_o the_o bottom_n or_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n so_o that_o the_o ball_n or_o bubble_n be_v every_o way_n surround_v with_o water_n the_o instrument_n be_v thus_o prepare_v we_o observe_v at_o what_o station_n the_o ambient_fw-la cold_a water_n have_v make_v the_o tinct_a spirit_n rest_n in_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o 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i_o will_v brief_o subjoin_v the_o ground_n of_o my_o scepticism_n about_o this_o matter_n first_o then_o the_o learned_a jesuit_n zucchius_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v far_o more_o industrious_a than_o other_o aristotelian_o and_o on_o some_o subject_n be_v careful_a to_o propose_v experiment_n though_o he_o be_v not_o so_o clear_a and_o happy_a in_o express_v his_o thought_n assure_v we_o somewhere_o that_o have_v keep_v a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n for_o three_o year_n together_o in_o a_o good_a cellar_n he_o find_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n in_o the_o summer_n and_o to_o be_v depress_v by_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o it_o in_o the_o winter_n which_o seem_v undeniable_o to_o infer_v that_o whatever_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o the_o heat_n in_o subterraneal_a place_n be_v indeed_o great_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o another_o recent_a schoolman_n who_o as_o i_o be_o tell_v be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n though_o 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air_n turn_v into_o ice_n as_o well_o as_o many_o other_o liquor_n be_v 21._o the_o reason_n why_o cold_a be_v wont_a to_o be_v more_o remiss_a in_o rainy_a or_o cloudy_a weather_n then_o in_o that_o which_o be_v more_o clear_a be_v not_o better_o give_v by_o mr._n hobbs_n then_o by_o some_o other_o that_o have_v write_v before_o he_o for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o i_o have_v see_v great_a frost_n and_o last_a enough_o in_o cloudy_a and_o sometime_o very_o dark_a weather_n that_o which_o he_o talk_v of_o the_o wind_n be_v more_o strong_a in_o clear_a weather_n then_o in_o cloudy_a be_v of_o no_o great_a importance_n since_o common_a experience_n show_v that_o in_o clear_a weather_n the_o air_n may_v be_v very_o cold_a and_o the_o frost_n very_o great_a where_o no_o wind_n be_v feel_v to_o rake_v as_o he_o will_v have_v it_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o do_v experience_n bear_v witness_n to_o what_o he_o not_o wary_o enough_o pronounce_v that_o the_o less_o the_o 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