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nature_n civil_a law_n nation_n 7,653 5 8.1668 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A85748 Politick maxims and observations written by the most learned Hugo Grotius translated for the ease and benefit of the English states-men. By H.C. S.T.B. Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645.; Campanella, Tommaso, 1568-1639.; H.C., S.T.B. 1654 (1654) Wing G2123; Thomason E1527_2; ESTC R202255 31,497 154

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and_o natural_o god_n be_v the_o sole_a lord_n paramount_a as_o have_v power-absolute_a over_o all_o who_o will_n as_o most_o wise_a be_v a_o law_n to_o itself_o and_o transcend_v the_o whole_a scale_n and_o predicament_n of_o thing_n but_o 4._o man_n be_v only_a lord_n in_o degree_n and_o measure_n because_o his_o will_n can_v be_v a_o law_n unless_o regulate_v and_o bind_v up_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n either_o natural_a or_o positive_a 5._o gradation_n he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o rule_v a_o kingdom_n that_o can_v manage_v a_o province_n nor_o can_v he_o wield_v a_o province_n that_o can_v order_v a_o city_n nor_o he_o order_v a_o city_n that_o know_v not_o how_o to_o regulate_v a_o village_n nor_o he_o a_o village_n that_o can_v guide_v a_o family_n nor_o can_v that_o man_n govern_v well_o a_o family_n that_o know_v not_o how_o to_o govern_v himself_o neither_o can_v any_o govern_v himself_o unless_o his_o reason_n be_v lord_n will_n etc._n etc._n and_o appetite_n her_o vassal_n nor_o can_v reason_n rule_v unless_o herself_o be_v rule_v by_o god_n and_o whole_o be_v obedient_a to_o he_o ergo_o thereupon_o without_o the_o divine_a rule_n no_o man_n be_v true_o a_o king_n or_o prince_n according_a to_o nature_n but_o rather_o to_o be_v count_v a_o scourge_n of_o god_n etc_n etc_n executioner_n of_o man_n but_o neither_o according_a to_o the_o divine_a rule_n be_v any_o prince_n simple_o a_o lord_n but_o a_o ruler_n and_o pastor_n of_o his_o people_n *_o etc._n and_o the_o vicegerent_n of_o the_o lord_n god_n by_o who_o king_n reign_n 6._o therefore_o ought_v a_o good_a prince_n so_o far_o to_o excel_v his_o subject_n in_o virtue_n as_o the_o shepherd_n do_v his_o flock_n who_o be_v of_o a_o superior_a species_n to_o they_o now_o see_v all_o man_n be_v equal_a as_o to_o the_o species_n it_o must_v here_o follow_v that_o prince_n as_o such_o must_v have_v somewhat_o of_o god_n etc._n etc._n peculiar_a impress_n of_o elohim_fw-he the_o deity_n in_o they_o therefore_o 7._o wisdom_n alone_o rule_v best_a of_o all_o not_o sophistical_a but_o philosophical_a yet_o not_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o cloister_n or_o the_o cell_n but_o civil_a wisdom_n not_o opposite_a but_o subservient_n to_o god_n 8._o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o the_o 1._o male_n over_o 1._o the_o female_a be_v natural_a 2._o father_n 2._o his_o child_n 3._o oldman_n 3._o young_a man_n 4._o strong_n 4._o the_o weak_a 5._o scholar_n 5._o master_n nature_n do_v bring_v forth_o man_n 1._o of_o strong_a intellectual_n though_o weak_a in_o constitution_n of_o body_n to_o be_v priest_n philosopher_n councillor_n 2._o active_a and_o strong_a body_n with_o courageous_a mind_n to_o be_v soldier_n 3._o gross_a brain_n and_o rude_a hand_n to_o be_v husbandman_n 4._o heavy_a and_o robustuous_a for_o the_o cavalry_n or_o horseman_n 5._o laborious_a and_o nimble-handed_a to_o weave_v and_o other_o manufacture_n 6._o ready_a tongue_n and_o learned_a for_o embassy_n and_o oration_n 7._o other_o sharp_a wit_n for_o merchandise_n 8._o just_a man_n for_o the_o bench_n or_o tribunal_n 9_o weak_a in_o body_n and_o mind_n for_o *_o mind_n service_n and_o to_o be_v instrument_n for_o their_o better_n 10._o man_n of_o ability_n both_o of_o body_n and_o mind_n to_o be_v commander_n king_n and_o master_n of_o the_o militia_n 10._o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v the_o best_a republic_n where_o every_o man_n bend_v himself_o to_o those_o duty_n and_o employment_n which_o nature_n have_v fit_v he_o for_o for_o then_o reason_n and_o wisdom_n bear_v sway_v and_o that_o the_o worst_a where_o man_n be_v put_v upon_o employment_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o thein_o grain_n and_o genius_n for_o then_o fortune_n and_o chance_n that_o be_v the_o force_n of_o ignorance_n rule_v the_o roast_n 11._o whence_o magistrate_n be_v choose_v because_o they_o be_v the_o son_n of_o noble_n or_o son_n of_o ☞_o friend_n of_o such_o as_o be_v in_o present_a power_n or_o for_o their_o wealth_n or_o buy_v honour_n and_o not_o because_o they_o be_v good_a or_o wise_a man_n there_o the_o republic_n fall_v to_o ground_n 12._o a_o commonwealth_n go_v to_o wrack_n soon_o when_o the_o portion_n make_v marriage_n and_o equality_n of_o wealth_n and_o not_o a_o equal_a *_o lat._n strength_n of_o body_n and_o mind_n whence_o according_a to_o the_o pythagorean_n the_o best_a issue_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v *_o observator_fw-la though_o plato_n think_v more_o right_o the_o best_a breed_n to_o be_v of_o strong_a body_n and_o good_a wit_n or_o on_o the_o contrary_a 13._o all_o mischief_n sway_v where_o woman_n have_v the_o liberty_n to_o do_v and_o say_v what_o they_o please_v etc._n etc._n 14._o these_o we_o count_v citizen_n who_o not_o only_o be_v capable_a and_o partaker_n of_o dignity_n and_o honour_n in_o the_o republic_n but_o such_o as_o by_o any_o function_n be_v it_o never_o so_o mean_a as_o the_o member_n of_o the_o body_n contribute_v to_o the_o use_n and_o advantage_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o rest_n we_o count_v stranger_n excrement_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n such_o as_o be_v many_o nobleman_n now_o adays_o 15._o the_o true_a office_n of_o the_o nobleness_n or_o peereage_n in_o any_o republic_n be_v to_o defend_v that_o and_o private_a person_n the_o office_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o seed_n and_o sustain_v it_o the_o office_n of_o the_o wise_a sort_n to_o rule_v and_o instruct_v it_o he_o that_o take_v no_o procession_n or_o call_v at_o all_o upon_o he_o be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o excrement_n or_o drone_n but_o they_o that_o mediate_a betwixt_o god_n and_o man_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v as_o the_o divine_a part_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n such_o be_v the_o legitimate_a priesthood_n chap._n iv._o of_o law_n and_o custom_n and_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o reason_n of_o state_n 1._o that_o *_o nascuntur_fw-la good_a man_n may_v be_v bear_v and_o employ_v in_o those_o office_n and_o function_n to_o which_o they_o be_v bear_v every_o community_n stand_v ever_o in_o need_n of_o a_o law_n 2._o as_o virtue_n be_v the_o private_a law_n of_o individual_n or_o singular_a person_n so_o law_n be_v the_o public_a virtue_n of_o a_o community_n therefore_o be_v virtue_n be_v the_o rule_n of_o action_n and_o affection_n in_o a_o particular_a person_n ordain_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o a_o potent_a and_o *_o volentis_fw-la pliant_a reason_n for_o a_o chief_a private_a good_a so_o law_n be_v the_o rule_n of_o affection_n and_o action_n public_a constitute_v and_o publish_v from_o the_o dictate_v of_o common_a reason_n which_o respect_v the_o chief_a common_a good_a 3._o the_o chief_a good_a be_v preservation_n and_o that_o either_o private_a or_o public_a which_o be_v as_o far_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o conservative_n simple_o or_o expulsives_n of_o destructive_n simple_o to_o coserve_v be_v to_o eternize_v or_o perpetuate_v therefore_o simple_o both_o the_o private_a and_o public_a chief_a good_a be_v from_o god_n that_o eternal_a chief_a entity_n but_o partial_a from_o other_o thing_n as_o namely_o instrumental_o and_o dispositive_o from_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n 4._o wherefore_o no_o republic_n ☞_o can_v make_v law_n where_o there_o be_v not_o common_a reason_n and_o common_a consent_n unless_o where_o by_o common_a reason_n and_o consent_n the_o matter_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o wiseman_n such_o as_o be_v solon_n lycurgus_n and_o numa_n or_o unto_o one_o who_o god_n have_v delegate_a for_o his_o vicegeret_fw-la as_o moses_n etc._n etc._n as_o for_o minos_n and_o mahomet_n either_o craft_n or_o the_o the_o devil_n lead_v they_o on_o to_o be_v ape_n of_o the_o true_a messenger_n from_o god_n as_o moses_n be_v observat._n here_o the_o observator_fw-la step_fw-la in_fw-la and_o say_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o edict_n of_o one_o or_o many_o ruler_n may_v not_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o law_n not_o at_o all_o await_v the_o people_n consent_n for_o neither_o in_o prescribe_v medicine_n do_v physician_n require_v the_o consent_n of_o their_o patient_n 5._o 1_o law_n the_o eternal_a and_o first_o law_n be_v that_o whereby_o god_n do_v fashion_n create_v govern_v and_o change_v all_o thing_n and_o bring_v they_o about_o to_o his_o own_o end_n even_o changeable_a thing_n unchangable_o 2_o natural_a from_o this_o be_v derive_v the_o law_n natural_a plant_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n and_o in_o the_o whole_a volume_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v god_n art_n and_o nature_n directory_n directrix_fw-la neither_o can_v it_o be_v violate_v but_o by_o god_n and_o that_o by_o he_o as_o a_o lord_n not_o as_o a_o legislator_n 3_o nation_n from_o the_o law_n natural_a be_v be_v derive_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n common_a to_o all_o man_n 4_o law_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o positive_a civil_a law_n be_v derive_v and_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n it_o be_v invariable_a but_o as_o it_o serve_v present_a necessity_n it_o may_v and_o sometime_o ought_v to_o be_v alter_v god_n himself_o also_o give_v a_o positive_a law_n which_o
design_n all_o these_o custom_n the_o commonwealth_n of_o venice_n observe_v as_o a_o law_n except_o only_o that_o she_o lie_v open_a to_o fear_n yet_o not_o in_o her_o counsel_n but_o from_o foreigner_n through_o want_n of_o a_o militia_n of_o her_o own_o for_o want_v of_o the_o first_o public_a wealth_n the_o genoese_n be_v not_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o of_o the_o new_a world_n etc._n etc._n for_o want_v of_o the_o five_o that_o be_v unliableness_n to_o fear_v and_o desire_n the_o genoese_n be_v as_o it_o be_v servant_n to_o foreign_a prince_n for_o want_v of_o the_o three_o vix_fw-la just_a government_n abroad_o the_o french_a can_v never_o fix_v their_o dominion_n without_o the_o verge_n of_o france_n in_o which_o the_o spaniard_n be_v peccant_a too_o everywhere_o severe_o and_o ceremonious_o lording_n it_o not_o at_o all_o regard_v the_o manner_n and_o temper_n of_o the_o people_n they_o rule_v over_o for_o want_v of_o the_o four_o custom_n that_o be_v freedom_n of_o speech_n the_o florentine_a republic_n go_v to_o wrack_v observator_fw-la manner_n doubtless_o i.e._n custom_n can_v do_v more_o than_o law_n and_o either_o add_v vigour_n to_o the_o or_o take_v it_o from_o they_o custom_n have_v bring_v law_n under_o their_o subjection_n obs._n custom_n be_v either_o from_o 1._o disposition_n of_o people_n or_o 2._o institution_n and_o education_n 1._o for_o disposition_n the_o french_a now_o have_v much_o of_o the_o old_a gaul_n in_o they_o humanity_n and_o fickleness_n say_v the_o observator_fw-la give_v i_o leave_v to_o add_v feverish_a valour_n in_o war_n which_o l._n florus_n observe_v in_o their_o progenitor_n the_o gaul_n *_o flor._n in_o their_o first_o onset_n they_o be_v more_o than_o man_n in_o their_o second_o less_o than_o woman_n 2._o for_o education_n what_o power_n that_o have_v over_o nature_n consult_v xenophon_n about_o the_o persian_n and_o lacedomonian_o 18._o good_a governor_n bring_v in_o good_a custom_n ill_a man_n and_o woman_n ill_a custom_n ergo_fw-la neither_o ill_a man_n nor_o any_o woman_n be_v fit_a to_o rule_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n 1_o all_o mankind_n 19_o not_o a_o rigid_a but_o easy_a government_n fit_v the_o n●rthern_a nation_n ☞_o as_o be_v by_o nature_n a_o fierce_a people_n and_o will_v hardly_o brook_v the_o fetters_o of_o a_o republic_n as_o tartar_n muscovite_n suede_n german_n swisser_n etc._n etc._n where_o they_o have_v king_n by_o succession_n the_o people_n have_v much_o liberty_n and_o the_o prince_n little_a power_n yet_o after_o the_o roman_a culture_n they_o begin_v to_o live_v more_o severe_o and_o regular_o than_o before_o but_o for_o southern_a people_n especial_o those_o that_o live_v under_o the_o tropics_n no_o dominion_n fit_v they_o but_o the_o despotique_a 1_o lordly_a rule_n and_o the_o severe_a law_n because_o they_o be_v weak_a in_o strength_n but_o strong_a in_o subtlety_n for_o which_o reason_n they_o be_v ever_o very_o much_o addict_v to_o ceremony_n superstition_n etc._n etc._n observat._n the_o muscovite_n and_o tartar_n be_v *_o despoticè_fw-la slavish_o govern_v for_o there_o the_o north_n bear_v easterly_a the_o king_n doom_n of_o swethland_n be_v become_v hereditary_a by_o occasion_n of_o religion_n but_o under_o such_o law_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o elective_a kingdom_n 20._o eastern_a people_n incline_v much_o to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o southern_a as_o the_o western_a to_o the_o northern_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v to_o they_o and_o for_o other_o cause_n but_o the_o spaniard_n be_v like_o in_o condition_n to_o the_o african_a by_o his_o vicinity_n or_o neighbourhood_n chap._n v._o of_o legislator_n 1._o a_o legislator_n be_v he_o who_o found_v a_o new_a empire_n common_o upon_o new_a law_n religion_n and_o arm_n rite_n and_o fortunate_a essay_n or_o enterprise_n as_o moses_n a_o good_a legislator_n mahomet_n a_o *_o l._n wicked_a one_o a_o lawgiver_n therefore_o be_v either_o a_o god_n as_o christ_n or_o the_o messenger_n of_o god_n as_o moses_n or_o a_o subtle_a politician_n ☞_o that_o can_v counterfeit_v the_o good_a one_o as_o minos_n osiris_n jupiter_n mahomet_n zamolxis_n and_o the_o like_a who_o to_o gain_v belief_n and_o love_n from_o the_o people_n feign_v themselves_o to_o be_v send_v from_o god_n for_o ☞_o a_o lawgiver_n shall_v be_v most_o renown_v most_o wise_a most_o divine_a and_o most_o reverend_a observator_fw-la to_o pretend_v the_o command_n of_o god_n may_v perhaps_o bring_v some_o success_n to_o a_o *_o cunning_n skilful_a man_n among_o a_o rude_a and_o ignorant_a people_n as_o sertorius_n among_o the_o spaniard_n or_o to_o the_o spaniard_n now_o *_o eruditis_fw-la grow_v civil_a and_o learn_v too_o among_o the_o american_n by_o the_o help_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n physic_n and_o astronomic_a but_o in_o a_o learned_a age_n and_o place_n this_o plot_n and_o artifice_n be_v cold_a and_o ridiculous_a 2._o every_o artist_n because_o be_v wise_a be_v a_o king_n in_o his_o own_o art_n for_o a_o physician_n he_o be_v lord_n and_o ruler_n over_o a_o sick_a king_n and_o so_o a_o mariner_n in_o a_o tempest_n say_v to_o the_o priest_n and_o captain_n and_o the_o principal_a man_n sit_v you_o here_o stand_v thou_o there_o etc._n etc._n therefore_o must_v the_o lawgiver_n be_v verse_v in_o all_o these_o art_n at_o least_o understand_v their_o end_n how_o they_o conduce_v either_o to_o the_o prosit_fw-la or_o prejudice_n of_o the_o republic_n to_o purge_v out_o the_o superfluous_a and_o retain_v the_o necessary_a hence_o it_o be_v plato_n banish_v poet_n out_o of_o his_o republic_n because_o they_o be_v full_a of_o lie_n and_o ribaldry_n and_o by_o cry_v up_o wicked_a man_n cry_v down_o goodness_n and_o discourage_v virtue_n hence_o moses_n expel_v false_a prophet_n and_o painter_n that_o picture_v the_o deity_n and_o huckster_n and_o whoremonger_n etc._n etc._n a_o legislator_n must_v be_v thorough_o skilled_a in_o the_o temperament_n and_o manner_n of_o country_n by_o the_o air_n and_o the_o earth_n as_o likewise_o happy_a or_o unhappy_a accident_n that_o usual_o befall_v such_o and_o such_o a_o place_n etc._n etc._n as_o inundation_n fire_n leprosy_n famine_n etc._n etc._n 3._o legislator_n ought_v to_o reform_v and_o purify_v not_o exth_n pate_n religion_n 4._o the_o noble_a profession_n in_o mountainous_a country_n be_v 1._o shepherd_n as_o in_o switzerland_n and_o scythia_n in_o plain_a country_n 2._o husbandman_n as_o in_o egypt_n in_o maritime_a country_n 3._o seaman_n and_o merchant_n who_o for_o the_o profit_n they_o bring_v in_o the_o money_n that_o they_o return_v and_o exchange_n and_o art_n and_o trade_n they_o bring_v from_o foreign_a country_n have_v ever_o be_v hold_v in_o high_a place_n and_o esteem_v but_o where_o other_o especial_o superfluous_a art_n be_v prefer_v before_o these_o imminent_a both_o loss_n and_o ruin_n must_v needs_o follow_v after_o 5._o a_o divine_a legislator_n have_v the_o idea_n of_o his_o own_o repubque_fw-la in_o the_o court_n of_o heaven_n the_o human_a lawgiven_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o man_n body_n actuteda_fw-la 6._o man_n male_a and_o female_a be_v the_o element_n of_o a_o republic_n who_o consist_v of_o 1._o soul_n 2._o body_n and_o external_a 3._o good_n 1._o the_o soul_n of_o a_o republic_n be_v wisdom_n and_o religion_n 2._o the_o body_n a_o senate_n or_o grand_a council_n or_o whoever_o bear_v any_o office_n advantageous_a to_o the_o public_a 3._o for_o external_a good_a the_o republic_n have_v soldier_n mercenary_a and_o auxiliary_a and_o foreign_a merchant_n and_o artificer_n for_o spirit_n she_o have_v law_n for_o eye_n the_o searcher_n into_o art_n and_o science_n for_o ear_n spy_n and_o merchant_n for_o a_o tongue_n preacher_n and_o doctor_n and_o ambassador_n for_o hand_n her_o own_o militia_n for_o foot_n husbandman_n and_o tradesman_n 7._o as_o natural_o the_o soul_n rule_v the_o *_o at_o spirit_n policical_o but_o the_o body_n despotical_o 1._o by_o a_o imverious_a and_o arbitrary_a way_n and_o the_o body_n rule_v the_o estate_n as_o the_o soul_n dictate_v to_o it_o so_o religion_n have_v a_o politic_a dominion_n over_o law_n and_o the_o senate_n but_o over_o soldier_n tradesman_n and_o such_o like_a both_o senate_n law_n rata_fw-la and_o religion_n rule_v proportionable_o 8._o good_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v first_o to_o be_v look_v after_o next_o those_o of_o the_o body_n those_o of_o fortune_n in_o the_o three_o place_n observat._n the_o law_n of_o friendship_n have_v a_o strict_a tie_n than_o those_o of_o civil_a society_n here_o end_v the_o first_o part_n of_o politic_a maxim_n and_o caution_n manipulus_fw-la politicus_n or_o politic_a maxim_n and_o caution_n part_n ii_o chap._n vi_o of_o colony_n and_o city_n they_o that_o rule_n over_o country_n lie_v under_o several_a clime_n must_v either_o govern_v they_o by_o distinct_a law_n or_o