nation_n in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr legationum_fw-la jure_fw-la say_v that_o even_o this_o question_n whether_o the_o person_n of_o ambassador_n be_v inviolable_a can_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o nation_n de_fw-fr non_fw-la violandis_fw-la legatis_fw-la difficilior_fw-la est_fw-la quaestio_fw-la &_o variè_fw-la &_o a_o claris_fw-la huius_fw-la seculi_fw-la ingeniis_fw-la jactata_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o at_o last_o conclude_v spectandum_fw-la ergo_fw-la quousque_fw-la gentes_fw-la consenserint_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la solis_fw-la exemplis_fw-la evinci_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la extant_a satis_fw-la multa_fw-la in_o partem_fw-la utramque_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la igitur_fw-la tum_fw-la ad_fw-la sapientum_fw-la judicia_fw-la tum_fw-la ad_fw-la conjecturas_fw-la where_o nation_n have_v neither_o express_o declare_v nor_o be_v there_o example_n enough_o whereon_o to_o found_v their_o tacit_n consent_n there_o can_v be_v no_o obligation_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o nation_n but_o from_o the_o matter_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v conducive_a to_o the_o good_a of_o society_n upon_o which_o alone_o the_o judgement_n of_o wise_a man_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o conjecture_n must_v be_v found_v what_o look_v more_o like_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o nation_n than_o that_o general_a custom_n of_o prince_n have_v person_n of_o public_a character_n perpetual_o resident_a in_o one_o another_o kingdom_n yet_o grotius_n say_v in_o the_o forego_n §_o optimo_fw-la autem_fw-la jure_fw-la possunt_fw-la rejici_fw-la quae_fw-la nunc_fw-la in_o usu_fw-la sunt_fw-la legationes_fw-la assiduae_fw-la quibus_fw-la quam_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la opus_fw-la docet_fw-la mos_fw-la antiquus_fw-la cui_fw-la illae_fw-la ignotae_fw-la to_o give_v but_o one_o instance_n more_o and_o that_o too_o out_o of_o grotius_n who_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o prove_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n concern_v this_o most_o comprehensive_a question_n quantum_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la liceat_fw-la but_o have_v whole_o recourse_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n lib._n 3._o chap._n 1._o quantum_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la liceat_fw-la regulae_fw-la generales_fw-la ex_fw-la jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la and_o §_o 5._o quid_fw-la liceat_fw-la in_o eos_fw-la qui_fw-la host_n non_fw-la sunt_fw-la aut_fw-la dici_fw-la nolunt_fw-la sed_fw-la hostibus_fw-la res_fw-la aliquas_fw-la subministrant_fw-la nam_fw-la &_o olim_fw-la &_o nuper_fw-la acritèr_fw-la de_fw-la ea_fw-la re_fw-la certatum_fw-la scimus_fw-la alii_fw-la belli_fw-la rigorem_fw-la alii_fw-la commerciorum_fw-la libertatem_fw-la defenderint_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o add_v hanc_fw-la autem_fw-la quaestionem_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_o naturae_fw-la ideo_fw-la retulimus_fw-la quia_fw-la ex_fw-la historiis_fw-la nihil_fw-la comperire_fw-la potuimus_fw-la eâ_fw-la de_fw-la re_fw-la jure_fw-la voluntario_fw-la gentium_fw-la esse_fw-la constitutum_fw-la if_o in_o these_o material_a point_n which_o constitute_v so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n nothing_o that_o be_v mere_o positive_a can_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o tacit_n consent_v of_o nation_n it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a that_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n can_v be_v prove_v in_o point_n of_o less_o importance_n from_o each_o of_o which_o point_n example_n have_v it_o be_v necessary_a may_v as_o easy_o have_v be_v produce_v nothing_o can_v more_o diminish_v from_o the_o sacredness_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n than_o to_o allow_v it_o no_o other_o foundation_n than_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o sovereign_n who_o like_o other_o man_n be_v govern_v by_o passion_n interest_n ambition_n revenge_n and_o the_o like_a and_o who_o be_v so_o far_o from_o mind_v the_o general_a good_a of_o mankind_n that_o they_o very_o often_o sacrifice_v the_o happiness_n and_o prosperity_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n to_o these_o passion_n how_o many_o thing_n be_v now_o look_v on_o as_o lawful_a in_o war_n and_o daily_o practise_v which_o be_v against_o all_o humanity_n as_o well_o as_o christianity_n which_o in_o former_a age_n be_v by_o several_a nation_n esteem_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n there_o be_v no_o subject_a about_o which_o there_o be_v more_o mistake_v or_o which_o be_v more_o confuse_o handle_v by_o author_n than_o this_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o refer_v many_o thing_n to_o that_o law_n which_o be_v no_o part_n of_o it_o even_o grotius_n himself_o who_o have_v write_v the_o most_o accurate_o on_o this_o subject_a beside_o other_o lesser_a error_n have_v a_o whole_a chapter_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la sepulturae_fw-la as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n the_o bury_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v i_o confess_v a_o office_n of_o humanity_n and_o a_o matter_n of_o decency_n but_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n more_o than_o wear_v of_o clothes_n or_o twenty_o other_o thing_n mankind_n general_o do_v either_o out_o of_o necessity_n or_o conveniency_n or_o for_o other_o reason_n than_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o tacit_n agreement_n between_o they_o several_n err_v more_o gross_o mistake_v those_o privilege_n which_o the_o roman_a law_n allow_v to_o foreigner_n in_o common_a with_o their_o citizen_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n only_o because_o the_o roman_n call_v they_o jus_o gentium_fw-la to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o those_o particular_a privilege_n or_o advantage_n the_o citizen_n have_v above_o they_o which_o they_o call_v jus_o civil_a what_o they_o call_v the_o jus_o gentium_fw-la be_v as_o much_o a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o that_o nation_n as_o the_o jus_o civil_a which_o no_o other_o nation_n be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v but_o may_v allow_v more_o or_o less_o privilege_n to_o foreigner_n or_o citizen_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a other_o which_o mistake_n be_v most_o common_a call_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n proper_o so_o term_v and_o relate_v to_o particular_a person_n with_o respect_n to_o one_o another_o or_o else_o they_o mistake_v the_o law_n of_o different_a country_n when_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v the_o same_o for_o a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o though_o they_o be_v the_o same_o in_o several_a nation_n yet_o they_o have_v not_o their_o force_n and_o authority_n from_o any_o tacit_n compact_a but_o because_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o each_o society_n have_v make_v they_o law_n which_o any_o one_o of_o they_o may_v alter_v without_o any_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n because_o every_o nation_n be_v a_o complete_a body-politick_a within_o itself_o and_o may_v make_v what_o law_n appoint_v what_o government_n or_o governor_n and_o manage_v their_o own_o affair_n within_o themselves_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n relate_v to_o their_o mutual_a commerce_n and_o correspondence_n which_o can_v be_v maintain_v but_o by_o have_v recourse_n to_o those_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n and_o all_o other_o contract_v for_o the_o nation_n they_o represent_v who_o act_n be_v the_o act_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o bind_v the_o member_n as_o much_o as_o if_o each_o particular_a person_n have_v consent_v it_o be_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o power_n of_o make_v these_o contract_n that_o the_o governor_n of_o each_o society_n be_v allow_v above_o all_o other_o certain_a prerogative_n by_o other_o nation_n over_o who_o they_o have_v no_o authority_n who_o be_v no_o otherwise_o or_o further_o concern_v with_o they_o but_o as_o they_o have_v the_o power_n of_o make_v contract_n for_o the_o nation_n they_o rule_v as_o it_o be_v for_o their_o own_o interest_n that_o private_a man_n make_v bargain_n with_o one_o another_o so_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o another_o essay_n concern_v obedience_n etc._n etc._n the_o correspondence_n that_o one_o nation_n hold_v with_o another_o be_v for_o their_o own_o good_a and_o in_o their_o commerce_n with_o one_o another_o they_o look_v no_o further_o than_o who_o those_o person_n be_v that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o oblige_v the_o nation_n they_o have_v occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o be_v not_o material_a to_o they_o what_o right_o they_o have_v to_o this_o power_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o nation_n than_o own_v they_o and_o have_v entrust_v they_o with_o it_o it_o will_v be_v a_o endless_a as_o well_o as_o a_o useless_a task_n for_o ambassador_n before_o their_o admission_n to_o prove_v the_o just_a right_n their_o master_n have_v to_o those_o power_n they_o be_v possess_v of_o and_o other_o prince_n may_v well_o be_v ignorant_a of_o what_o do_v not_o concern_v they_o who_o if_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v with_o any_o other_o nation_n must_v apply_v themselves_o to_o those_o whatever_o right_o they_o have_v to_o it_o that_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o government_n will_v it_o not_o be_v ridiculous_a in_o the_o english_a or_o any_o nation_n who_o propose_v any_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o by_o it_o to_o refuse_v to_o
a_o essay_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o right_n of_o sovereign_n with_o a_o account_n of_o what_o be_v say_v at_o the_o council-board_n by_o the_o civilian_n upon_o the_o question_n whether_o their_o majesty_n subject_n take_v at_o sea_n act_v by_o the_o late_a king_n commission_n may_v not_o be_v look_v on_o as_o pirate_n with_o reflection_n upon_o the_o argument_n of_o sir_n t._n p._n and_o dr._n ol._n by_o mat._n tindall_n doctor_n of_o law_n london_n print_v for_o richard_n baldwin_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n in_o warwick-lane_n 1694._o a_o essay_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o right_n of_o sovereign_n the_o malice_n of_o the_o jacobite_n be_v so_o restless_a that_o it_o omit_v no_o opportunity_n to_o raise_v story_n though_o never_o so_o false_a and_o improbable_a scruple_n at_o no_o mean_n though_o never_o so_o base_a and_o dishonourable_a to_o reflect_v upon_o and_o expose_v the_o government_n what_o have_v they_o not_o say_v against_o it_o for_o design_v to_o try_v as_o pirate_n those_o who_o accept_v commission_n from_o the_o late_a king_n to_o take_v the_o ship_n and_o good_n of_o their_o majesty_n liege_n subject_n so_o strange_o afraid_a be_v they_o that_o people_n shall_v be_v discourage_v from_o disturb_v the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o make_v what_o they_o report_v the_o more_o colourable_a and_o the_o injustice_n of_o try_v they_o contrary_a as_o they_o say_v to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o nation_n apparent_a they_o have_v every_o where_o disperse_v false_a account_n of_o what_o be_v say_v by_o those_o civilian_n who_o when_o consult_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n upon_o this_o question_n whether_o their_o majesty_n subject_n take_v at_o sea_n act_v by_o the_o late_a king_n commission_n may_v not_o be_v look_v on_o as_o pirate_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o who_o reason_n beside_o all_o the_o dirt_n imaginable_a that_o they_o have_v throw_v on_o their_o person_n they_o have_v so_o represent_v by_o alter_v or_o leave_v out_o what_o be_v most_o material_a as_o to_o make_v they_o appear_v ridiculous_a the_o duty_n i_o owe_v to_o the_o public_a since_o no_o better_a pen_n have_v attempt_v it_o will_v oblige_v i_o to_o give_v a_o impartial_a account_n of_o the_o whole_a proceed_v which_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o wipe_v off_o all_o the_o lie_v and_o calumny_n they_o have_v disperse_v and_o to_o persuade_v all_o impartial_a person_n that_o those_o who_o be_v take_v act_v by_o the_o late_a king_n commission_n at_o sea_n aught_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o be_v condemn_v as_o pirate_n but_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v better_o apprehend_v and_o judge_v of_o the_o reason_n that_o be_v urge_v on_o both_o side_n and_o of_o the_o question_n itself_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o show_v what_o the_o lawâ—_n of_o nation_n be_v and_o how_o far_o king_n and_o other_o supreme_a governor_n be_v concern_v in_o they_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v certain_a rule_n and_o custom_n observe_v by_o nation_n in_o their_o intercourse_n with_o one_o another_o which_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o evident_a and_o common_a profit_n as_o they_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o maintain_v a_o mutual_a correspondence_n have_v be_v constant_o practise_v by_o they_o and_o be_v esteem_v as_o sacred_a they_o be_v build_v upon_o no_o other_o foundation_n than_o the_o general_a good_a of_o society_n to_o which_o a_o mutual_a correspondence_n that_o can_v not_o be_v uphold_v but_o by_o observe_v these_o rule_n be_v high_o necessary_a the_o several_a legislative_a power_n of_o nation_n never_o enact_v such_o law_n nor_o have_v all_o other_o nation_n authority_n to_o oblige_v any_o sovereign_n independent_a state_n which_o can_v no_o otherwise_o be_v bind_v to_o observe_v these_o rule_n but_o as_o they_o tend_v to_o the_o mutual_a good_a of_o society_n so_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o nature_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i_o mean_v that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o concern_v the_o duty_n of_o man_n to_o man_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o mutual_a aid_n and_o assistance_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o common_a necessity_n one_o man_n owe_v to_o another_o without_o the_o observance_n of_o which_o mankind_n can_v not_o well_o subsist_v which_o law_n as_o it_o respect_v the_o duty_n of_o single_a person_n to_o one_o another_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o as_o it_o respect_v man_n collective_o as_o they_o be_v body_n politic_a and_o the_o relation_n they_o have_v to_o one_o another_o as_o such_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n who_o in_o respect_n of_o one_o another_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o in_o their_o mutual_a correspondence_n be_v bind_v by_o no_o other_o law_n but_o those_o of_o nature_n though_o it_o be_v general_o affirm_v by_o author_n that_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o be_v mere_o positive_a and_o in_o themselves_o indifferent_a that_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n yet_o they_o no_o way_n endeavour_v to_o prove_v it_o or_o pretend_v to_o show_v how_o long_o any_o thing_n must_v be_v practise_v or_o among_o how_o many_o nation_n to_o make_v it_o a_o universal_a stand_a law_n to_o all_o nation_n in_o a_o civil_a society_n custom_n grow_v into_o law_n because_o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n they_o shall_v custom_n be_v their_o presume_a or_o unwritten_a will_n which_o they_o by_o their_o express_a will_n may_v alter_v as_o they_o please_v but_o among_o different_a nation_n there_o be_v no_o common_a legislative_a power_n but_o every_o nation_n be_v at_o liberty_n to_o act_v as_o it_o please_v nor_o can_v any_o nation_n be_v presume_v to_o tie_v itself_o up_o further_a than_o their_o own_o or_o the_o common_a good_a of_o society_n do_v require_v it_o nor_o can_v they_o by_o any_o custom_n though_o of_o never_o so_o long_a continuance_n if_o they_o be_v in_o their_o nature_n indifferent_a be_v any_o long_o bind_v than_o they_o please_v provide_v they_o public_o declare_v that_o as_o they_o intend_v not_o to_o use_v they_o any_o long_a themselves_o so_o they_o leave_v other_o the_o same_o liberty_n a_o nation_n it_o be_v true_a ought_v not_o light_o to_o change_v what_o they_o have_v general_o practise_v it_o look_v like_o affect_a singularity_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o fashion_n but_o if_o they_o do_v they_o break_v no_o law_n but_o i_o dare_v be_v positive_a that_o there_o be_v no_o custom_n except_o what_o be_v obligatory_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v universal_o receive_v but_o in_o different_a part_n of_o the_o world_n different_a custom_n have_v obtain_v and_o even_o among_o the_o same_o nation_n at_o different_a time_n different_a practice_n which_o be_v frequent_o change_v without_o any_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o mere_o positive_a but_o where_o precedent_n may_v be_v bring_v on_o both_o side_n which_o show_v the_o thing_n may_v or_o may_v not_o be_v do_v without_o injury_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n among_o the_o head_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o nation_n that_o concern_v ambassador_n be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a yet_o what_o be_v more_o different_a than_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n or_o the_o opinion_n of_o learned_a man_n about_o those_o right_n that_o belong_v to_o ambassador_n further_o than_o they_o be_v deducible_a from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o law_n the_o person_n of_o ambassador_n ought_v to_o be_v inviolable_a even_o when_o send_v to_o enemy_n because_o peace_n can_v not_o be_v make_v or_o preserve_v or_o difference_n compose_v which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n require_v shall_v be_v do_v except_o those_o that_o be_v send_v on_o such_o errand_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v safe_a but_o also_o be_v permit_v to_o treat_v with_o freedom_n and_o procure_v as_o advantageous_a term_n as_o they_o can_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o nation_n that_o employ_v they_o what_o be_v more_o than_o this_o or_o be_v not_o necessary_a for_o the_o end_v they_o be_v send_v any_o prince_n may_v refuse_v it_o they_o provide_v he_o be_v willing_a his_o ambassador_n shall_v be_v treat_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o not_o only_o to_o ambassador_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n but_o to_o any_o that_o be_v send_v by_o private_a person_n as_o by_o merchant_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o trade_n if_o prince_n will_v admit_v they_o to_o treat_v they_o must_v allow_v they_o what_o be_v necessary_a in_o order_n to_o it_o and_o further_o than_o this_o nothing_o of_o certainty_n can_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o practice_n of_o nation_n nay_o grotius_n who_o be_v the_o great_a asserter_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o
treat_v with_o the_o present_a emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o to_o allow_v he_o those_o right_n that_o belong_v to_o sovereign_a prince_n because_o his_o depose_a brother_n may_v have_v a_o better_a title_n do_v not_o the_o most_o considerable_a nation_n of_o europe_n court_v the_o friendship_n of_o cromwell_n and_o the_o french_a king_n to_o obtain_v it_o oblige_v the_o two_o late_a king_n then_o in_o his_o country_n to_o retire_v from_o it_o without_o be_v condemn_v by_o other_o or_o even_o by_o they_o and_o do_v not_o all_o nation_n with_o who_o the_o late_a protector_n have_v any_o concern_v allow_v he_o both_o in_o matter_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n all_o those_o right_n that_o belong_v to_o sovereign_a prince_n no_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o hold_v correspondence_n but_o may_v refuse_v to_o send_v or_o receive_v ambassador_n as_o all_o protestant_a prince_n deny_v to_o hold_v any_o correspondence_n with_o the_o pope_n though_o he_o be_v a_o sovereign_a prince_n yet_o if_o one_o nation_n have_v any_o concern_v with_o another_o they_o must_v allow_v the_o same_o right_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o actual_a governor_n of_o that_o nation_n as_o they_o expect_v shall_v be_v pay_v to_o their_o own_o and_o if_o a_o nation_n be_v divide_v by_o a_o part_n of_o they_o withdraw_v their_o obedience_n from_o the_o rightful_a prince_n not_o only_o other_o sovereign_n but_o even_o their_o lawful_a one_o if_o he_o have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v with_o they_o either_o in_o matter_n of_o peace_n or_o war_n must_v treat_v they_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o expect_v to_o be_v deal_v with_o himself_o all_o league_n and_o treaty_n be_v national_a and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o to_o expire_v within_o a_o short_a time_n though_o make_v with_o usurper_n will_v oblige_v legal_a prince_n if_o they_o succeed_v and_o so_o vice_n versa_fw-la and_o a_o league_n make_v with_o a_o king_n of_o any_o nation_n will_v oblige_v that_o nation_n if_o they_o continue_v free_a though_o the_o government_n shall_v be_v change_v to_o a_o commonwealth_n because_o the_o nation_n be_v still_o the_o same_o though_o under_o different_a government_n which_o grotius_n observe_v lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o imo_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la status_fw-la civitatis_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la mutetur_fw-la manebit_fw-la foedus_fw-la quia_fw-la manet_fw-la idem_fw-la corpus_fw-la etsi_fw-la mutato_fw-la capite_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la supra_fw-la diximus_fw-la imperium_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la exercetur_fw-la non_fw-la desinet_fw-la imperium_fw-la esse_fw-la populi_n in_o whosoever_o hand_n they_o entrust_v the_o management_n of_o it_o yet_o still_o it_o be_v the_o imperium_fw-la populi_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o people_n the_o league_n which_o prince_n make_v with_o one_o another_o do_v not_o oblige_v they_o to_o one_o another_o long_o than_o they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o their_o government_n because_o the_o sole_a reason_n of_o league_n and_o contract_n be_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o power_n each_o nation_n have_v to_o afford_v mutual_a assistance_n and_o benefit_n to_o one_o another_o which_o reason_n still_o continue_v though_o the_o person_n who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o power_n of_o make_v they_o be_v change_v who_o then_o be_v no_o further_o concern_v therein_o than_o a_o proctor_n be_v with_o a_o cause_n after_o the_o revocation_n of_o his_o proxy_n upon_o this_o reason_n king_n charles_n the_o first_o though_o he_o make_v a_o league_n and_o confirm_v it_o with_o a_o oath_n with_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n express_o as_o he_o be_v king_n of_o portugal_n do_v notwithstanding_o immediate_o after_o receive_v two_o ambassador_n from_o the_o new_a king_n of_o portugal_n who_o have_v drive_v out_o the_o spaniard_n and_o this_o be_v not_o look_v on_o at_o the_o court_n of_o spain_n either_o as_o break_v his_o league_n or_o oath_n all_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n prince_n be_v allow_v by_o foreign_a nation_n over_o who_o they_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o authority_n be_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o power_n they_o have_v of_o make_v contract_n for_o the_o nation_n they_o govern_v which_o power_n when_o they_o lose_v and_o no_o nation_n be_v any_o long_o oblige_v or_o concern_v in_o their_o action_n they_o have_v no_o more_o right_o to_o these_o privilege_n than_o they_o have_v before_o they_o have_v this_o power_n but_o because_o the_o same_o intercourse_n will_v always_o be_v necessary_a between_o nation_n and_o league_n and_o contract_n must_v be_v make_v which_o can_v be_v make_v with_o the_o whole_a body_n but_o only_o with_o those_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n nor_o with_o they_o neither_o except_o they_o be_v allow_v those_o right_n and_o privilege_n the_o dispossess_v prince_n have_v therefore_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o grant_v they_o the_o same_o and_o the_o other_o must_v lose_v they_o with_o their_o dominion_n because_o more_o than_o one_o at_o the_o same_o time_n can_v have_v the_o same_o right_n for_o the_o same_o nation_n and_o though_o the_o king_n of_o that_o country_n to_o which_o a_o dispossess_v prince_n retire_v allow_v he_o what_o honour_n or_o privilege_n he_o please_v as_o every_o supreme_a power_n be_v at_o liberty_n to_o act_v in_o his_o own_o dominion_n as_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o and_o bestow_v his_o favour_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a yet_o the_o titular_a prince_n have_v no_o right_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o claim_v any_o of_o those_o privilege_n that_o belong_v to_o those_o that_o have_v summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la or_o any_o more_o than_o what_o belong_v to_o other_o private_a person_n what_o right_o can_v he_o claim_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n when_o no_o nation_n be_v any_o way_n concern_v in_o his_o action_n all_o nation_n but_o his_o own_o distinguish_v he_o from_o other_o upon_o no_o other_o account_n but_o as_o he_o have_v the_o power_n of_o make_v national_a contract_v which_o power_n when_o he_o lose_v the_o reason_n of_o allow_v he_o any_o particular_a privilege_n above_o other_o whole_o cease_v and_o his_o own_o nation_n when_o they_o have_v entrust_v the_o management_n of_o their_o affair_n in_o other_o hand_n be_v no_o more_o concern_v with_o he_o than_o foreigner_n be_v so_o that_o such_o a_o prince_n be_v whole_o reduce_v to_o a_o private_a estate_n without_o a_o kingdom_n nay_o without_o a_o country_n that_o he_o can_v call_v his_o own_o and_o at_o the_o best_a can_v be_v but_o esteem_v a_o subject_a during_o his_o stay_n to_o the_o government_n of_o that_o society_n he_o retire_v to_o because_o there_o can_v be_v imperium_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la or_o more_o than_o one_o sovereign_n in_o the_o same_o society_n where_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n or_o war_n or_o any_o other_o national_a contract_v that_o he_o can_v without_o leave_v send_v to_o prince_n or_o receive_v any_o send_v by_o they_o much_o less_o allow_v they_o that_o be_v send_v those_o privilege_n which_o be_v due_a to_o person_n of_o a_o public_a character_n and_o it_o will_v be_v unreasonable_a that_o sovereign_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o allow_v those_o privilege_n to_o he_o who_o be_v uncapable_a of_o return_v the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o sovereign_n have_v none_o of_o those_o reason_n to_o forbear_v exercise_v a_o coercive_a power_n over_o he_o as_o they_o have_v over_o a_o ambassador_n who_o as_o grotius_n say_v cap._n the_o leg_n if_o he_o commit_v crimen_fw-la atrocius_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la publicum_fw-la malum_fw-la spectans_fw-la mittendus_fw-la erit_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la qui_fw-la misit_fw-la cum_fw-la postulato_fw-la ut_fw-la eum_fw-la puniat_fw-la aut_fw-la dedaâ—_n but_o to_o who_o can_v a_o dispossess_v king_n be_v send_v or_o who_o will_v give_v satisfaction_n for_o any_o crime_n he_o commit_v why_o may_v he_o not_o be_v punish_v without_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o injury_n to_o any_o nation_n whatever_o since_o no_o nation_n own_v he_o so_o much_o as_o to_o be_v of_o their_o body_n therefore_o the_o king_n in_o who_o dominion_n he_o be_v may_v if_o his_o crime_n deserve_v it_o punish_v he_o with_o loss_n of_o life_n as_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n do_v mary_n queen_n of_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n in_o nature_n either_o from_o other_o nation_n or_o from_o the_o person_n himself_o why_o he_o may_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o that_o government_n under_o which_o he_o live_v as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o that_o make_v use_v of_o the_o protection_n of_o it_o for_o whosoever_o make_v use_v of_o the_o protection_n of_o any_o government_n own_v himself_o as_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o my_o essay_n abovementioned_a a_o subject_a of_o that_o government_n and_o consequent_o make_v himself_o liable_a to_o be_v punish_v if_o he_o transgress_v the_o law_n and_o grotius_n say_v cap._n the_o leg_n it_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o