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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57999	The history of the Turks Beginning with the year 1679. Being a full relation of the last troubles in Hungary, with the sieges of Vienna, and Buda, and all the several battles both by sea and land, between the Christians, and the Turks, until the end of the year 1698, and 1699. In which the peace between the Turks, and the confederate Christian princes and states, was happily concluded at Carlowitz in Hungary, by the mediation of His Majesty of Great Britain, and the States General of the United Provinces. With the effigies of the emperors and others of note, engraven at large upon copper, which completes the sixth and last edition of the Turks. In two vol. in folio. By Sir Paul Rycaut, kt. eighteen years consul at Smyrna, now his Majesty's resident at Hamburg, and fellow of the Royal Society.	Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700.; White, Robert, 1645-1703,	1700 (1700)	Wing R2408; ESTC R216646	1,015,219	685

with their Cannon and blown up with their Mines The Grand Vizier hastning his March or rather his Flight for as we said before he actually Ran away and shamefully turned his Back with near 120.000 Fighting Men meditating as we may believe of the Disgrace The Grand Vizier complaining to the Grand Seignior against the Pasha of Buda Ruin and evil consequences of this Misfortune sought and endeavoured to clear his ill Conduct and want of Courage by casting it upon others as is common to the Nature of Mankind Accordingly he dispatched away a Letter to the Grand Seignior giving him an account of the unfortunate Success before Vienna caused by the Cowardise or Treachery of several great Officers and Generals of his Army Particularly he named the Vizier of Buda to whom having given command to Charge the Enemy with a Body of Twelve thousand Men as they descended the Hill of Kalemberg he and his Soldiers instead of obeying these Orders shamefully turned their Backs and put themselves unto Flight which when the rest of the Army saw they were struck with a common Consternation and Fear suggested to them to secure their safety by following the Example of their Fellow-Soldiers So the whole misfortune of the Day was attributed to the ill Conduct and Cowardise of the Vizier of Buda which was sent to the Grand Seignior then residing at Belgrade and in hourly expectation of better News The Vizier of Buda who had received Information by several Hands of the Discourses with which the Grand Vizier entertained all the Officers concerning him laying to his Charge the Loss and Ruin which had happened thought fit to disculpate and clear himself by a more faithful Relation of Matters in a Letter to the Grand Seignior The Vizer of Buda writes to the Grand Seignior wherein he set forth That by the unskilfullness of the Grand Vizier and his want of Resolution in Military Affairs this important matter had miscarried For had he fortify'd the Forest of Vienna and erected some few Redoubts on the descent of the Hill of Kalemberg the City by all the Force of the World could never have been Relieved Or had the Vizier spent that time which he employ'd in sinking Vaults and Caves for shelter in bold Storms and Attempts thô with loss of half the Army the importance of the place and the consequences of the Success would have largely paid for the effusion of Blood but using unnecessary cautions of Mines and formal Approaches by which he hoped to have constrained the City to Surrender upon Articles and hereby assumed to himself the Riches and Plunder of the place which taken in Heat of Blood and by Dint of Sword would have become the Prey and Booty of the Soldiery he gave occasion to such delays as served the Christian Army and turned to the Ruin and Miscarriage of this whole Enterprise The Grand Vizier Strangles the Vizier of Buda and other Pashas The Grand Vizier being weary of such Complaints as these resolved to Sacrifice the Life of the Pasha of Buda to his own Folly and Destiny commanding him to be Strangled together with the Pashas of Essek and Possega and the Aga of the Janisaries great Friends and Confidents of the Vizier of Buda and the best and most experienced Officers of the whole Army with above Fifty Officers and Soldiers more whom he accused of Cowardise but this Execution of Justice as they call it could not secure his own Life but rather furnished his Enemies at Court such as the Kuzlir Aga and others with instances wherewith to aggravate his Crimes to the Grand Seignior and indeed there now offer'd a surprising occasion to wreak their Malice on the Vizier since it is almost impossible for a Man to be unfortunate and yet to be estemed Innocent Nor did the Vizier escape clear with the remainder of his shatter'd Army to Buda for being Attacked in the Rear by the Garrison of Raab he lost Six hundred Men more Howsoever he proceeded in his March and Reinforced the Garrisons of Newhausel and Strigonium The Death of these Pashas by which the Vizier hoped to have saved his own Life raised such Mutiny amongst the Turks Mutiny in the Turkish Army as caused a greater Fluctuation of Rage in the Minds of the Soldiery than they had lately endured of Fear from the Enemy between which two Passions there was nothing but Confusion Discontent and Discouragement in the whole Army For the Pasha of Buda was popular and well beloved by the Soldiery and esteemed the most Martial Man in the whole Camp And the Aga or General of the Janisaries was so well affected by that Militia that they highly resented his Death for at no time much less in this can they endure to have their General punished or cut off unless it be by themselves and in their own Mutinies In this confusion were the Turks when the Chief Captains of the Christian Army consider'd A Council of War that the present Relief of Vienna would be of little benefit to the Christian Empire unless the Victory were pursued and improved by succeeding Enterprises All the Princes and Commanders agreed hereunto except the Elector of Saxony who as we have said before return'd home and wisely judged that the Turks having made a Retreat with a Body of near 120.000 Men entire and whole they might reasonably be expected the next year to return again unto the Siege unless advantage were taken of their present Consternation to break and confound them beyond a possibility of Recovery At this Council it was proposed to Besiege Newhausel or Gran and for enlargement of Winter-quarters and Annoyance of Buda and Gran that Pest and Barcan should be taken In fine after some debate it was concluded That nothing could be resolved at present concerning the manner of Proceedings for that the Actions of War were to be regulated according to the Motions of the Enemy but that something was to be undertaken speedily whilst the Iron was hot and the Spirits of the Turks cold and still under their late Consternation The King of Poland being of the same Mind Commanded his Troops to advance towards Presbourg which on the 18th Encamped near Ficken together with the Imperial Forces and came thither on the 19th where they were forced to continue until the 25th for want of a Bridge which could not be finished until that time Tekeli sends a Letter to the King of Poland Whilst the Bridge was framing and the Army detained on the Banks of the River a Messenger from Tekeli brought a Letter to the King of Poland containing certain Proposals in order to an Accommodation The King having received a Character of Tekeli to be a Man of Intrigue and False and who had frequently made Offers of Peace but never obser●ed any admitted his Messenger to Audience in a manner of Coldness and Jealousy and yet with respect due to the Person from whom he was sent But before he would

Rally seeing at a distance the valour of their Companions rallied again and Charg'd with new Courage so that the Imperialists being astonish d and dismay'd by the Clouds of Arrows the continual Fire from the Infantry and Dragoons and the redoubled Blows of the Cut-lashes and Scimitars and the Multitudes of their dead Companions which covered the Field with their Bodies The Imperialists overthrown began to give ground and breaking in one upon the other betook themselves to Flight in the most confused and shameful manner that can be imagin'd and were pursued by the Enemy near two Leagues from the Field where the Battle was Fought The number of those Slain were a Thousand besides those who endeavouring to save their Lives by Swimming were Drown'd in the River The Officers Slain were Count Hermestin Colonel of Foot and Governour of Zatmar Colalto Colonel of the Croats besides many other Captains and Officers of Foot whom Smith had perswaded to leave their Companies and attend him in this Enterprise in which he judged himself most secure of Victory Smith himself was wounded in the Hand and was forc'd to quit his Horse to save his Life which was afterwards the prize of a Tartar with the Saddle Holsters and Hoosings embroider'd with Gold The Poles took four Kettle-Drumms and the greatest part of their Trumpets with all their Colours and 800 Prisoners And had not the night favour'd them very few had escaped The praises of Boham and other Officers On this occasion Boham Signalized himself very greatly and evidenced unto the World by his Valour and Conduct how much he deserved the chief Command of those Troops And indeed all the Officers as well Tartars as others behaved themselves like Soldiers and able Commanders But Major General Smith tho' inferiour to none in any thing which appertains to Martial Exercise yet being betray'd by his own Credulity was blam'd much at Vienna for his Rashness and Precipitation After this Success Boham having Refresh'd for two days his Forces in the Field where the Battle was Fought repassed the River of Battor and the Inclosures and joyned the Army of the Malecontents which was 16000 strong The Poles and Malecontents joyn under the Command of Count Wessellini So that now being a formidable Army the Chief Officers at a Council of War agreed to Besige Tokai to prevent which General Kops upon advice of the Enemies Motion departed from Caschau with the Imperial Army intending to Attack the Enemy with the first Advantage Which Wessellini avoided until he had first secur'd a place of Retreat in case of any Sinister fortune or disgrace But Howsoever sending Parties abroad they Burnt and Plunder'd seven Villages near to Mongatz and in regard the Imperial Army was marched at some distance from Caschau adventur'd to Burn several Villages also near to that Town and had the Fortune to intercept a Convoy which carried both Money A Convoy with Money and Provisions taken by the Malecontents 1500 of the Imperialists revolt to the Enemy Victuals and Ammunition from Vienna for Payment and Maintenance of the Army under General Kops This loss of Money and Provisions proved of ill Consequence to the Emperor's Army which wanting Pay and necessaries for subsistence many of them to the number of 1500 upon the Promises of Wessellini to bestow on every Officer 26 Ducats with a command agreeable to his quality and 10 to every private Soldier who should relinquish the Emperor's Service were easily induced to Revolt and take up Arms in favour of the Malecontents Kops being highly incensed hereat resolved on a quite contrary method of Action supposing that he might effect the same with Rigour and Cruelty Kops his Cruelty which the Enemy had done by Allurements and Rewards and that it was possible to terrifie and affrighten the contrary party into their Duty and Obedience Wherefore to make an experiment hereof he killed all the Prisoners he had in his hands and empal'd several others This piece of Cruelty against the Law of War and Nations was in like manner retaliated by Wessellini who put the Prisoners to death to the number of Sixty which the Polanders had taken in the late Battle together with Lieutenant Colonels Majors and Captains which occasioned great Desturbances and Murmurings in the Imperial Army For which he his blamed at Vienna And at Vienna this Conduct of Kops was highly blam'd and Orders sent him never more to exercise the like unhumane Practices for that many Officers of good Note and Reputation had absolutely refused to serve the Emperor in a War where no Quarter was to be expected About this time Smith with his shatter'd Troops joyn'd with General Kops near to Butrack two Leagues from whence the Malecontents were Encamped and Reinforc'd by 2000 Transilvanians conducted thither by Count Tekeli Count Tekeli appears in the War who after the death of his Father as before mention'd had served Prince Apafi in the nature of his Secretary or one who had a chief hand in the management of his Affairs and now making this first entrance on the Stage we shall have occasion to mention him often hereafter being the Person who is to make the greatest Figure in this following History and to prove the most active General after the destruction of many before him and after various Successes of good and bad Fortune and Honours and Di● races received from the Turks we shall s●●d him still Boyant and above Water even at the last extremity when the Turks themselves were beaten out of all Hungary The Imperial Army having been much diminish'd in numbers by the Sword and Sickness was again in part recruited by some Additional Forces under the Command of Count Warbenoren and by 600 Men out of a Regiment in Silesia Howsoever such was the Misfortunes of those Times and the inauspicious Stars which then reign'd that the Imperialists were worsted in all Fights and Skirmishes to the destruction almost of their whole Army Whilest the Forces of the Malecontents increased double to the numbers of the Emperors Army The Malecontents increase in their Forces And the Turks still forwarded these Mischiefs by their frequent Incursions from Buda Newhawsel and all their Garrisons which was a Course and Practice which this Faithless People used to make War without declaring it ANNO 1678. The Emperor sends to treat with the Malecontents and with the Turks The Emperor being sensible of his own weak and decaying Condition and of the Strength and increasing Power of his mighty Enemies labour'd to cure and remedy the imminent evils and dangers by Treaties which could not be done by Arms And in order thereunto he offer'd three Churches to the Malecontents in the Upper Hungary with other Propositions more large and extensive than formerly And Hoffman the principal Secretay of State and War was sent to the Grand Seignior to make Complaints of the Succours which the Pashas of Hungary daily afforded to his Rebellious Subjects But

number of the Forces brought into Vienna we have here set down the particulars of all the Forces therein that those worthy Persons who have so signalized themselves by their Bravery in this Famous Siege may not be forgotten in future Ages Count Staremberg Governour Regiments of Staremberg Commanded by Geo. Maurice of Ketlin 2000 Men. Half of Keiserstin's Regiment under Wolfargschenek 1000 Mansfeld Commanded by C. Alex. Lesly 2000 Souches by Charles Lewis Colonel of Souches Son of the Famous General Radwight 2000 Schaffemberg and Bercks two Regiments 4000 Seven Companies of Newbourg 1200 Half of Heister's Regiment under Baron Heister 1000 The other half of this Regiment was sent to Lintz for Guard of the Emperor's Person Five Companies of Dimik an antient Commander 0600 Dupignis Regiment of Horse 0600 Three Companies of the Garrison belonging to the City 1200 These Regiments when full amounted in all unto 15600 Men but so many of them had been Killed and wasted with Sickness that scarce Ten thousand of them enter'd into Vienna to which being added the Trained-Bands of the City consisting of 2717 the whole Garrison might be well computed with Volontiers and Officers at near 13000 Men. The Chief Officers were Count Staremberg Governor Count Daun Lieutenant Governor Marquis Ferdinand Obizzi Major John Count Serini Assistant to the Count Daun The Counts Souches and Schaffemberg Assistants to the Lieutenant Governour and Major Volontiers were Count Trotmandorf who had been a Colonel many years in Flanders Count Five-Kerk Captain of the Provincial Circle of Austria the Count of Salzbourg who was Colonel of a Regiment of Croats but being come to Vienna to be Cur'd of a Dissentery which he had got in the Army and the Siege happening before his perfect Recovery he offer'd to serve in nature of a Volontier The Baron of Kilmensec Great Forester to the Emperor defended the Court-bastian for three days with eighty of his Foresters who being excellent Marks-Men and used to their Guns which they charged with an exact proportion of Powder and Bullet did great Execution upon the Turks seldom missing their Shot and the Baron himself killed a Turk at 300 paces distant who was afterwards known to have been one of the Turks principal Canoniers The Count Vignacourt a French Gentleman formerly employed by his most Christian Majesty in quality of an Ambassador to Ferdinand the Third Father of the present Emperor and to other Princes of Germany was an other of the Volontiers As were also the Count de St. Micaele a Venetian Ernest Sigismund de Zeternz of an antient Family in Silesia Cornelius Rummingken a Person of Sixty two years of Age and tho' much afflicted with the Gout yet being an experienced Soldier his Councils were more available to the Governour than his Bodily Services And lastly There was Sigismond de Reitoffar a Gentleman of Moravia who had formerly been a Major General who shewed himself at all times daring and active in the Execution of such Orders as he received from Count Staremberg the Governour This was all the Force which was lodged in Vienna to defend it against that Formidable Army then ready to encompass it on all sides But whom God will save are always well protected and then there never want Provisions nor Councils nor Courage in the Soldiery The Count of Kollonitz who was Treasuerer of Hungary did most seasonably furnish the Bishop of Newstadt The Bishop of Newstadt's Treasure with Five hundred thousand Florins for supply of the Garrison during the Siege with Three thousand Measures of Wine which this Bishop who was a Knight of the Great Cross of Malta and had been in the Siege of Candia did with good mannagement lay up in several Cellars in the Town and distributed to the Soldiers in time of the Siege as also the Money which was paid out with such order and on such occasions as were requisite and necessary to appease all complaints which might arise for want thereof But above all care was taken to establish a Council in the Town during the Siege The Persons thereunto nominated and appointed were The Council appointed for Government of Vienna Count de Capliers Counsellor of State and General of the Ordnance Count de Molard Grand Marshal of Austria Baron de Belchamp Councellor of the Emperor's Houshold and the Chancellor Hoffman The Governours under Count Staremberg were the Counts of Thun and Serini and after them Souches and Schaffemberg Baron de Beck the Prince of Wirtemberg and Baron Heister who were all Colonels of Regiments which served in Vienna By this time being the 14 4 of July the Duke of Loraine having given all the necessary Orders for conservation of the City the Turks began to descend by the Hill of St. Mark with their Horses The first appearance of the Turks Waggons and Camels laden with Baggage ranging themselves in form of a Crescent or Half-moon round the Town Upon appearance whereof and the News of the near approach of the Great Vizier the Duke of Loraine on the 15th at night drew off all his Horse and Dragoons to the other side of the Bridges and there Encamped He had once entertained some Thoughts of conserving a part of the Foot in his Camp but considering the great Force of the Enemy ready to surround the City The Duke of Loraine puts all his Foot into Vienna the largeness of the Works which were to be maintained the distance of the Forces which were designed for its Relief and the daily decay and diminution of Soldiers in a long Siege were sufficient inducements to this Wise Commander to supply the City with all the Infantry without any reserve unto himself Howsoever he had once some Thoughts of posting some of his Cavalry in the Tabor to keep a Communication with the Town but upon a true survey thereof the Water was found to be Shallow in many places and Fordable that Man and Horse could March into it in Rank and File so that the Water being of no security to a Camp the place was deserted The Tabor The Tabor is an Island in the Danube of about a Mile and half in length planted with Trees and Orchards and full of Gardens Fountains and Houses of Pleasure The Tabor being judged no place for the Cavalry to Lodge in the Duke of Loraine passed the Danube leaving the Bridges to be defended by the Dragoons of General Schultz By this time the Van-guard of the Turks were advanced and great numbers of Tents pitched round the City And the Vizier with the Gross of the Army was Marching to the Siege having left the Pasha of Buda with Twelve thousand Men to block up Raab where he remained until such time as he was Relieved by Apafi Prince of Transilvania with some of Tekeli's Forces and then he proceeded to the Siege of Vienna The Vizier in the Camp before Vienna On the 16th the Vizier enter'd the Camp highly raised and puffed up with assurances of finding the

that he was sending a very strong Force to the Frontiers of Sclavonia Croatia and the River Dravus under Command of several Brave and well-experienced Pashas The Season of the Year much favoured this design for the Rivers Marshes and Fenns were so Frozen up that the Turks found an easy passage to all parts which they intended to relieve Of which the Imperialists being very apprehensive feared lest the Enemy who was got together in great Numbers at Esseck should attempt some of the conquered places and thereby making a diversion should introduce their Convoys into Sigeth Canisia and Alba Regalis But the place which of any other was straightned most for want of Provisions was Agria called by the Hungarians Erla situate on a River of that Name which about Three Leagues from thence empties it self into the Tibiscus This place of it self was but small but very well Fortified It is Recorded in Histories that the first Siege which the Turks laid to it was in the Year 1552. with an Army of Sixty thousand Men when it was not strong either by Art or Nature but the weakness thereof was supplied by the Courage and Bravery of the Garrison consisting only of Two thousand Hungarian Soldiers and about Sixty Hungarian Nobles and Gentlemen who had fled in thither with their Wives and Children Agria and best of their Riches and Moveables and had sworn to defend the place to the utmost extremity and to let the Turks understand this resolution they raised a Coffin above the Walls in publick View for an Evidence or Sign that they would chuse Death rather than Captivity Many great things are said of the Defence of this place which the Turks battered for the space of Forty days incessantly with Fifty Pieces of Cannon notwithstanding which the Defendants abated nothing of their Courage for thô the Turks assaulted them Three times in one day yet they were as often repulsed and lost about Eight thousand men The Women also signalized their Valour above the Nature of their Sex in all these Actions amongst which as is reported there was one who fought bravely in sight both of her Mother and her Husband but the latter being killed the Mother advised her Daughter to carry away the Dead Corps but she Answered That she could not do it until she had first revenged his Death and thereupon taking up the Sword and Buckler of her dead Husband she fell upon the Turks with such fury that having killed Three of them with her own hand she returned to perform the last Office to her deceased Husband Several other particular Actions of this Nature are recounted of the Siege of this Fortress which in fine relieved it self and caused the Turks to raise their Siege whom they pursued so vigorously in the Rear that they killed great Numbers of them and took most of their Baggage And thus did this City continue in the hands of the Hungarians until the year 1596 when it was taken by Mahomet the Third then in person before it and hath ever since that time remained in the hands of the Turks who now hearing that that place was in great distress for want of Provisions and knowing the importance of it's Situation endeavoured to send it relief by all ways and means which were possible The Pasha who Quartered on the Frontiers was commanded by the Grand Vizier to put Succours into the place and he also being a good Soldier and sensible of the importance thereof call'd a Council of War to consider in what manner this Action might most effectually be performed considering whereupon it was moved Proposals how Agria might be supplied That since Tekeli had made several instances to be recruited with Men and Provisions for attempting some great Exploit That he should accordingly be reinforced with a moderate Number of Tartars and some Turks and that the care and incumbence of that great work should be committed to his Charge and Conduct Count Caraffa and General Heusler being advised of the Design assembled a considerable force of their Troops together They are prevented and assailed the Enemy near to great Waradin on a sudden and in a manner of surprize the Tartars who are not much used to make a stand against well formed Troops were the first who betook themselves to a speedy Flight and were soon followed by Tekeli and his men howsoever several were killed on the place and some Prisoners taken And so both Caraffa and Heuster returned back to Debrezin with the Forage and Spoil which they had gained in that Conflict This misfortune did not much abate the Spirit of Tekeli for having been lately supplied with a Sum of Money he made new Levies of Men and many of his old Soldiers who had formerly deserted him returned to him again so that he seemed to recover the Credit and Reputation which he had formerly lost and having joyned his Forces to those of a Pasha on the Frontiers Tekeli with Money makes Levies and to a rabble of Soldiers who in a tumultuary manner followed his Colours he Encamped sometimes near Temiswar then about Giulia and then near Waradin from all which places he sent Parties abroad to discover the posture of the Enemy and to spy out how they might most securely succour Agria for which the Grand Vizier was extremely pressing Nor were the Christians less Vigilant to Observe and Watch the Motions of the Turks and of Tekeli whence it was that several Parties meeting each other frequent Skirmishes happened in all which the Hussars and Germans gained the advantage So that Tekeli finding the difficulty of carrying relief to Agria and other places made Incursions into the Countries subjected to the Emperor marching with a Body of Turks Tartars and a Rabble of new raised Soldiers which served rather for Guides than Combatants In their way they burnt a Village of no great moment and passed into the Confines of the Town of Segedin Enters into the Country near Segedin from whence being discovered by the Hussars of the Garrison they took the Alarum and being joyned to a Body of German Foot they made a sally on the Enemy and charged them so furiously that Tekeli's new raised Soldiers who were placed in the Front immediately gave back Is Defeated and Wounded and pressed with fear rushed into the Body of the Turks which put them into such disorder that they were forced to Retreat with considerable loss Tekeli himself being wounded with a Musquet-shot in the Knee was forced for his Cure to betake himself to the Fortress of Temiswar In the mean time his Princess being resolved to defend her Town of Mongatz did not only fortify her self therein with a stout Garrison and supplies of Ammunition and Provisions but sent several Parties of Horse from the Garrison to destroy all the Countries round with Fire and Sword and thereby to cut off all possibility of subsistence from the Imperialists who having Advice thereof detached a Party of Dragoons of

may without the help of ancient Prophesies Prognosticate the continued Successes of the Imperial Arms The Names of which Generals are these worthy to be Recorded for ever in History The Duke of Loraine The Elector of Bavaria Prince Lewis of Baden The Christian Generals and Officers Count Caraffa Count de Staremberg Marshal of the Field to the Emperor The Prince of Salm a Field Marshal to whom the Education of the young King of Hungary was committed Count de Rebata Commissary General of the Emperor's Armies Count Dunewald General of the Emperor's Horse Count Palfi another General of Horse Count de Sereni General of the Bavarian Horse Prince de Croy General of the Artillery Gondola Chief Lieutenant General of Horse and a very ancient Officer Count Taff another Lieutenant General of Horse Count Scheffenburg a Lieutenant General of Foot The Prince of Neubourg Great Master of the Teutonick Order The Prince of Savoy Veterani a brave General full of Courage Piccolimini the like The Prince of Lommercey Rabutin Negrelli and Esterhasi Apremont and Wallis all Major Generals were Persons of great Reputation and Bravery Fit and Proper to Lead Conduct and Command an Army To give all these Generals a Character agreeable to their Worth and Merit would be too great a Talk and savour something of Flattery which is disagreeable to the Sincerity of an Historian Howsoever we may adventure to draw some few Lines in describing the Complexion of those Heros to whose Valour and Conduct Christendom is so much obliged for it's Defence and Safety The Duke of Loraine was a Prince Naturally Valiant Character of the Duke of Loraine and unconcerned in Dangers exposing himself without Ostentation or Vanity into Perils where he judged that his forwardness was requisite to animate his Soldiers and to give them an Example to imitate his Valour And as his Temperament was uncapable of Fear so amidst the most hazardous Condition he was always setled and composed and capable to give and receive Counsel and willingly hearkned to the Advices of any that pretended to have an insight into Matters Howsoever thô he was not esteemed to have a large Prospect into Matters or to draw a Scheme for a whole Campaign yet in the Management of a Battle or taking all the Advantages no General in the World was ever more capable Howsoever it was objected against him That he was over loose in his Marches and acted with little Order therein that he was not careful to strengthen his Convoys nor to secure his Forages by which and a thousand other Oversights of this nature we read in History that whole Armies have been confounded and mouldred to nothing There is no Man without his Faults and Defects of as we say without his blind side Yet the World must avouch that he was a great Captain and a Person of most excellent Qualifications for it is not little to his Honour that he was not Ambitious or transported with vain Glory but firm and zealous for the Interest of the Emperor tho he little regarded his own by endeavouring to form and project strong Leagues against France Character of the the Elector of Bavaria The Elector of Bavaria was another General of great Renown than whom no person in the World was endued with more natural Valour indefatigable in War and would never be wearied or faint thô he should be constrained to fight every day Skirmishes were his divertisements and thô he was a General yet he could condescend to the degree of an inferior Officer in giving Orders where they were necessary At this time he was Young and consequently had not as yet seen many Campaigns but no Prince was ever more capable and of greater hopes which some Years afterwards were brought to all Perfection He loved Battels and to put the Troops of his Enemies to Flight and to make himself Master of the Field and to gain Victories were his great pleasures but as to the Plunder of the Field and the great Booties obtained therein he left all to his Officers and Soldiers never demanding any share or account of them Howsoever he was esteemed also to have his Defects for it is said That he looked not with due attention to the care of his Troops and that as he was very diligent and vigilant in the time of action yet afterwards he indulged himself too much to his Pleasures in the times of Vacation and Ease from his Labours and it may be said of him as was of a Roman General That he was Patiens Laboris indefessus in bello sed ubi vacuerit nimiae voluptatis Prince Lewis of Baden was a true Man of War Character of Prince Lewis of Baden cut out for a Soldier from his Infancy in which Trade being Educated he soon arrived to a singular Perfection being naturally addicted to Arms. He was full of Courage Heat and Bravery Active Vigilant and a Man of Order in disposing of his Troops always on Horse-back and capable of doing great Actions as we shall see verified Two or Three Years afterwards Howsoever he was not without some allays by a too obstinate adherence to his own Opinion and Councils which if at any time he was forced to retract or change so as to follow the Advices and Counsels of others yet he would do it with an ill Grace and Will and not without some mixture of his own contrivance He was more fit for an Army than a Court giving his Tongue too much liberty to Speak and Discourse freely of the Faults and Defects of the chief Ministers of State which begot him some Enemies but his Greatness of Mind and Success in War carried him above all Count Caraffa was advanced by the favour of Count Montecuculi his Uncle Count Caraffa to which his own Merits contributed very much for being a Soldier of Fortune he resolved to rise by that way and being endued with a natural Courage he signalized himself on several occasions His Enterprizes were always performed with great moderation and Phlegm watching his opportunities of advantage upon the Enemy and seldom inclined to hazard any thing his Counsels were full of prudent Caution which made his Performances suspected by the Enemy fearing some Turn which they did not foresee He was also a Courtier as well as a Soldier and knew how to comport himself towards the chief Ministers of State in the Court as he did also to the Generals and Officers and Soldiers in the Camp Count Staremberg Count Staremberg one of the Emperor's Field-Marshals a Person Renowned through the World for the defence of Vienna was a person of admirable Courage and much Fire in his Temper and endued with all Qualities fit for a Soldier thô not so proper for a General being naturally violent and transported with Passion He is as we find him more celebrated amongst Foreigners and Strangers for defending Vienna than amongst the Germans who served in the Garrison with him alledging that he exposed

help of his Soldiers he preserved the Castle and the Ammunition therein notwithstanding the Flames which by the forcible Winds were carried to the very Walls of it At the same time the like Misfortune befel the Fortress of Honot in the Upper Hungary and the Citadel of the Jews at Prague so that both one and the other were in a few Hours miserably reduced to Ashes all which was suspected to have been done by Treasonable Practices and not by Chance or Accident and that which gave undoubted Assurances thereof were certain Sacks of Powder found at the Gates of some Houses in Vienna and a Fire breaking out in a House adjoyning to the great Hospital of the City being kindled at a time when the Wind was very high put all the City into a great Combustion but by the Vigilance of the Magistrates and the activeness of the Soldiers it was soon extinguished The which horrid Practices were some Days afterwards discovered to have been acted by certain Frenchmen who being convicted by course of Justice were sentenced as Incendiaries to be cast into the Fire and committed to the Flames The which Tryals and Proofs being produced and laid before the Council of State extorted from the benign Nature of His Imperial Majesty a severe Edict for Banishing all the French out of his Dominions The French Banished out of the Empire unless such as had been Naturalized or for the space of 10 Years past could prove their Abode or Residence with their Wives established in some City were all without any exception to depart in the space of 14 Days The which Edict how severe soever it might seem at another time was in the present Conjuncture no less than necessary when the French Nation was crept into every City and Country and entertained for Valets de Chambre Pedants Dancing Masters Cooks and such like in most of the Houses and Families of Princes and Nobles of principal Quality where they served for Spies and Traytors to the Empire But the Wars in Germany not being the Subject of this History let us proceed to the Affairs of Turkey where it was reported That the Turks were assembling all the force they were able to recover the City of Belgrade and that the Seraskier was already in the Field and had prepared Bridges to pass the Morava above Jagodina and began to march so fast as if he intended to force Belgrade before the Grand Vizier was joyned with him the noise whereof caused some Consternation at Belgrade but at the appearance of Prince Lewis of Baden Pr. Lewis coming to the Army encourages the Soldiers sent thither with Commission of General of the Imperial Forces in Hungary all the Fears of the Soldiers vanished and every one reassumed his Courage and at the Command of the Prince fell to work about the Fortifications the which Work being by direction of His Highness put into a way of dispatch he proceeded forward to the Army And on the 14th of June June being arrived at Semendria he made it his business in the first place to enquire and inform himself of the true State of the Affairs of the Enemy who according to common report of the Spies were said to be very near being encamped in the Plains of Jagodina to the Number of 40000 Men under Command of the Seraskier the greatest part of which were Asiaticks raw and Undisciplin'd Soldiers to which very speedily the Grand Vizier was to joyn with 10000 Turks and a considerable Train of Artillery which was already on the way from Sophia Reports of the Turks Power alarm Pr. Lewis The Prince being alarm'd hereat by reason of the small force he had with him dispatched an Express away to the Counts of Veterani and Piccolomini with Orders to hasten their March what was possible and come to his necessary reinforcement against so formidable an Enemy and in the mean time the heavy Baggage was sent to Belgrade with about 30000 Inhabitants of that place who for their better security were ordered to pass the Save But for the more certain Intelligence of all the Prince dispatched an Express to Hassan Pasha Palanca Hassan Pasha Palanca where Count Hoffkirchen was Quartered to know of him what News he had received there from the Camp of the Enemy At this Palanca I lodged one Night as I remember which is no other than a small Fortress built of Stone in a Woody and a Desolate Country at the Charge of one Hassan Pasha with intent only to cover a Chan or Inn for Reception of Travellers and their Goods from Spoilers and Robbers which often infested that place where notwithstanding by means of this Fort Garrison'd by 60 Soldiers Strangers may sleep and remain secure from Robbers The Messenger being returned from Hoffkirchen brought Intelligence that the Turks were neither so numerous and strong nor so near as common Fame reported And they only appeared sometimes in Parties on the River Morava but with some Care and Caution in apprehension of the Germans whose Numbers tho' they knew not yet they were sensible enough of their Valour and Vigilance This News and the Conjunction with the Militia of Veterani and Piccolomini Veterani and Piccolomini joyn with Pr. Lewis greatly encouraged and animated the Prince and more especially because that Piccolomini had passed a Bridge over the Save between Belgrade and Sawaz for the more commodious Transportation of Ammunition and Victuals which came from the Parts of Hungary In the mean time Tekeli did not remain idle but made several Incursions with design to relieve Temeswaer Giula and Waradine which were streightly blocked up by the Imperialists In which tho' he did not succeed yet having joyned with the Pasha of Silistria he fell upon Fetislau a Garrison of the Rascians Fetislau ●●en by Tekeli which after a stout defence for 12 Days and having no hopes of succour they were forced to yield at Discretion and being made Prisoners several of the principal Men with their Colours were sent in triumph to the Grand Seignior who in recompence thereof sent a Scimetar a Vest of Sables and some Money unto Tekeli with an Aferum or You have well done and do still better Tekeli having put a Garrison of 1000 Janisaries into Fetislau he marched to Orsoua a place which Heisler had lately deserted and demolished which he possessed and delivered it into the Hands of the Prince of Walachia to be Garrison'd And possess Orsoua and made a place of Arms and a Magazine for divers sorts of Provisions and Ammunition expected from Nicopolis and which if well fortified and provided might be considered as the Key of the Upper Hungary About the same time Count Corbelli made a Detachment of 1000 Heydukes from the Blockade of Waradine who approaching near the Walls with intention to carry off the Cattle which were feeding thereabouts they were so furiously attacked by the Enemy that before they could retreat 300 Heydukes killed by

and Missir Ogli with some Gallies was also arrived being sent to forward that Work for the Turks had an Opinion that the Venetians would make another Attempt thereupon and which should be the Work of the following Summer But the Venetians had suffered so much the last Year before Negropont that they esteemed themselves in no good Condition for a second Enterprize they having not as yet licked their Wounds whole nor recruited their Army which was much more weak than it was the Year past and unable to undertake an Enterprize in which they had already been foiled Howsoever not to sit Idle and look about them their Aim was on Malvasia to reduce which ten Gallies and 12 Galleots were dispatched by the Captain-General to assist in the Building of two Forts near the Bridge entering to the Town on which the Mainotes whom the Captain-General had armed were labouring to finish being of great importance towards a Blockade and to hinder all Vessels from bringing Provisions to the place And farther to proceed in this Design the whole Armata was Commanded to Sail to Porto Porro appointed as it was the last Year to be the Magazine for Arms Provisions and Ammunition for the War where being arrived they attended the Duke of Guadagne with his Troops for Reinforcement of the Army and in the mean time the Bridge was broken and the two Forts before Malvasia were finished and a great number of Boats Felucca's and Palandra's lay before the Town to hinder all sorts of Provisions and Succours from being brought into it by which the place was entirely blocked up on all sides Malvasia blocked up both by Sea and Land for the situation of the Town being on a Peninsula there was no Communication could be had with the Country but by the Bridge and a narrow spot of Land Whilst Ma●ters remained in this Nature before Malvasia a certain Greek called Liberachi lay encamped near Xeromero alias Missolonghi with about 100 Turks Liberachi encamped 150 Sclavonians and some Deserters from the Venetian Army This Liberachi or Liberio was a Mainote by Nation a Fellow bold and subtle and did great Services for the Venetians until he was taken Prisoner by the Turks and carried to Constantinople He had not remained any long time there before he gained such Credit with the Turks that by his fair Words and Promises they were perswaded that he could draw all the Mainotes to their Party and cause them to Revolt from the Venetians Upon which Opinion they set him at Liberty and entertained such Confidence of him that they gave him the Title and Charge of Bey that is Lord of the Mainotes whereby many Deserters from the Venetian Camp came in to him And some Propositions for joyning Forces passed between him and Ensign Bossina He purposes to joyn with Bossina who in the Month of October 1687. with most part of the People called Oltramarines had Deserted and listed themselves under this Bossina who stiled himself Commander in Chief of the Deserters and having his Head-quarters at Carpenizi towards the Confines of Lepanto he exacted Contributions from the Villages and Countries round about With him joyned some other seditious Captains and a certain Ensign called Vito of Captain Rado's Company a Fellow of a bold Spirit without Faith or Honesty and with him he debauched several dissolute Soldiers to forsake the Camp and joyn with Bossina The Troops of Liberachi being greatly increased by this Conjunction the Venetian Generals consulted in what manner they might give a stop to this Desertion The Venetians f ar the increase of Liberachi's Forces and cut to pieces Liberachi Bossina Vito and their Followers In the first place it was resolved to declare That ten Zechins should be given for the Head of every Deserter or for any that should be brought alive to the Camp the which produced an excellent Effect for hereupon many of the Albanians who had designed to be of the Conspiracy changed their Minds and having possessed themselves of the narrow Passes from Thebes to Petra Negropont and Vola The Remedy seized on many of them and brought them back to the Camp where they sustained the Punishment which their Treachery deserved by which means the Conspiracy was broken and many of those who watched an opportunity to Escape contained themselves within the Limits of their Duty But the manner how to Ruin Liberachi was much more difficult A Plot laid against Liberachi and some Consultations were held thereupon At length it was concluded That the only way to Effect this Stratagem was either by alluring him into the Hands of the Venetians or by rendring him suspected to the Turks who upon the least Jealousie were ready to apply the Bow-string to his Throat To this purpose a certain Captain called John Dambi offered himself a Person of great Bravery and Conduct A Plot against Liberachi and a good Soldier one who spake Turkish Greek and Italian and was very well versed in all the Manners Ceremonies and Customs of the Turks and above all that which made him the most proper Instrument for this work was That he had been a most intimate Friend of this Liberachi for having been a Fellow Slave with him and linked in the same Chain at Constantinople they became sworn Brothers Dambi sent to him and made Protestations of mutual and unviolable Friendship ever to continue and that after they should be eased of their Chains yet the same Bonds of Faith and Affection should never be dissolved Nor was Dambi only his Friend but the Doge Morosini had been Liberachi's Godfather a Relation much endearing in that Country and therefore the Title both of Friend and Godfather had great Charms with the generous Temper of Liberio who upon the first notice given him by Dambi that being at Lepanto not far from Vracori was very desirous to make him a Visit he instantly dispatched a Pass or Salvo Condotto to him inviting him with all the kind Terms imaginable to come to him without the least scruple or fear imaginable In Confidence of Liberachi's Fidelity Dambi departed from Lepanto in Company with two Friends and two Servants Is kindly received by Liberachi and in two days time arrived at Vracori where he was received with all the Ceremony and kind Treatment that could be expected Upon the News of a Stranger 's arrival in that Town the Turks were curious to know who he was which Liberachi freely declared saying That he was come from the Venetian Armata on no other Design than as an old Friend to see him and tell old Stories of what Troubles and Miseries they had sustained together The Turks supposing that he might be come over to their side bid him kindly wellcome as did also one Marco Stifichi Captain of a Galleot whom the Captain-General had for his many Pyracies committed to the Gallies howsoever in respect to the Oltramarines had set him at liberty but he ungrateful