think_v the_o name_n of_o jesus_n equal_a to_o a_o image_n of_o christ._n 16._o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o his_o last_o instance_n viz._n bow_v towards_o the_o altar_n he_o will_v insinuate_v as_o though_o the_o church_n of_o england_n be_v for_o give_v some_o kind_n of_o worship_n to_o the_o altar_n 218._o although_o under_o the_o degree_n of_o divine_a worship_n due_a to_o god_n alone_o and_o say_v that_o as_o the_o allow_v this_o will_v render_v i_o a_o true_a son_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n so_o the_o allow_v the_o like_a to_o the_o sacred_a image_n of_o christ_n will_v make_v i_o in_o this_o point_n a_o perfect_a proselyte_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v in_o effect_n to_o say_v that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n in_o allow_v bow_v to_o the_o altar_n do_v give_v the_o very_a same_o worship_n to_o it_o which_o their_o church_n require_v to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n and_o that_o they_o who_o do_v one_o and_o not_o the_o other_o do_v not_o attend_v to_o the_o consequence_n of_o their_o own_o action_n i_o shall_v therefore_o show_v 1._o that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n do_v not_o allow_v any_o worship_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o altar_n 2._o that_o the_o adoration_n allow_v and_o practise_v in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n be_v of_o a_o very_a different_a nature_n from_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n 1._o that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n do_v not_o allow_v any_o worship_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o altar_n for_o this_o i_o appeal_v to_o that_o canon_n wherein_o be_v contain_v the_o explication_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o our_o church_n in_o this_o particular_a whereas_o the_o church_n be_v the_o house_n of_o god_n dedicate_v to_o his_o holy_a worship_n 7.1640_o and_o therefore_o ought_v to_o mind_n we_o both_o of_o the_o greatness_n and_o goodness_n of_o his_o divine_a majesty_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o acknowledgement_n thereof_o not_o only_o inward_o in_o our_o heart_n but_o also_o outward_o with_o our_o body_n must_v needs_o be_v pious_a in_o itself_o profitable_a unto_o we_o and_o edify_v unto_o other_o we_o therefore_o think_v it_o very_o meet_v and_o behooveful_a and_o hearty_o commend_v it_o to_o all_o good_a and_o well_o affect_v people_n member_n of_o this_o church_n that_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o tender_v unto_o the_o lord_n the_o say_a acknowledgement_n by_o do_v reverence_n and_o obeisance_n both_o at_o their_o come_n in_o and_o go_v out_o of_o the_o say_a church_n chancel_v or_o chapel_n according_a to_o the_o most_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n in_o the_o pure_a time_n and_o of_o this_o church_n also_o for_o many_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o q._n elizabeth_n the_o revive_n therefore_o of_o this_o ancient_a and_o laudable_a custom_n we_o hearty_o commend_v to_o the_o serious_a consideration_n of_o all_o good_a people_n not_o with_o any_o intention_n to_o exhibit_v any_o religious_a worship_n to_o the_o communion_n table_n the_o east_n or_o the_o church_n or_o any_o thing_n therein_o contain_v in_o so_o do_v or_o to_o perform_v the_o say_a gesture_n in_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n upon_o any_o opinion_n of_o the_o corporal_a presence_n of_o the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ_n on_o the_o holy_a table_n or_o in_o the_o mystical_a element_n but_o only_a for_o the_o advancement_n of_o god_n majesty_n and_o to_o give_v he_o alone_o that_o honour_n and_o glory_n that_o be_v due_a unto_o he_o and_o no_o otherwise_o and_o in_o the_o practice_n or_o omission_n of_o this_o rite_n we_o desire_v that_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n prescribe_v by_o the_o apostle_n may_v be_v observe_v which_o be_v that_o they_o which_o use_v this_o rite_n despise_v not_o they_o who_o use_v it_o not_o and_o they_o who_o use_v it_o not_o condemn_v not_o those_o that_o use_v it_o this_o be_v the_o full_a declaration_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o our_o church_n about_o it_o make_v by_o those_o who_o meet_v in_o convocation_n and_o be_v most_o zealous_a for_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o 43._o agreeable_o to_o this_o archbishop_n laud_n speak_v when_o this_o be_v charge_v as_o a_o innovation_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v say_v he_o first_o that_o god_n forbid_v that_o we_o shall_v worship_v any_o thing_n but_o god_n himself_o 2._o that_o if_o to_o worship_n god_n when_o we_o enter_v into_o his_o house_n or_o approach_v his_o altar_n be_v a_o innovation_n it_o be_v a_o very_a old_a one_o be_v practise_v by_o jacob_n moses_n hezekiah_n etc._n etc._n 46._o and_o be_v this_o kingdom_n such_o as_o will_v allow_v no_o holy_a table_n stand_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n yet_o i_o will_v worship_v god_n when_o i_o come_v into_o his_o house_n and_o afterward_o he_o call_v it_o do_v reverence_n to_o almighty_a god_n 47._o but_o towards_o his_o altar_n and_o idolatry_n it_o be_v not_o to_o worship_n god_n towards_o his_o holy_a table_n now_o with_o we_o the_o people_n do_v ever_o understand_v they_o full_o and_o apply_v they_o to_o god_n 52._o and_o to_o none_o but_o god_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o god_n be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o sole_a object_n of_o this_o act_n of_o worship_n and_o that_o our_o church_n declare_v that_o it_o allow_v no_o intention_n of_o exhibit_v any_o religious_a worship_n to_o the_o communion_n table_n or_o east_n or_o church_n or_o any_o corporal_a presence_n of_o christ._n 2._o that_o the_o adoration_n allow_v and_o practise_v in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n be_v of_o a_o very_a different_a nature_n from_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n for_o as_o i_o have_v full_o make_v it_o appear_v in_o the_o state_n of_o the_o controversy_n the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o council_n require_v religious_a worship_n to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n and_o that_o those_o who_o assert_v this_o inferior_a worship_n do_v yet_o declare_v it_o to_o be_v true_o religious_a worship_n and_o that_o the_o image_n themselves_o be_v the_o object_n of_o it_o whereas_o our_o church_n declare_v pointblank_o the_o contrary_a nay_o that_o those_o person_n be_v look_v on_o by_o the_o generality_n of_o divine_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n as_o suspect_v at_o least_o if_o not_o condemn_v of_o heresy_n who_o practise_v all_o the_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n to_o image_n but_o yet_o do_v not_o in_o their_o mind_n look_v on_o they_o as_o object_n but_o only_o as_o occasion_n of_o worship_n which_o make_v the_o difference_n so_o plain_a in_o these_o two_o case_n that_o t._n g._n himself_o can_v not_o but_o discern_v it_o but_o to_o remove_v all_o scruple_n from_o man_n mind_n that_o suspect_v this_o practice_n to_o be_v too_o near_o the_o idolatrous_a worship_n which_o we_o reject_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n i_o shall_v consider_v it_o not_o only_o as_o to_o its_o object_n which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n and_o which_o i_o have_v show_v to_o be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o worship_n viz._n god_n himself_o and_o nothing_o else_o but_o as_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n and_o the_o local_a circumstance_n of_o do_v it_o towards_o the_o altar_n 1._o as_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n so_o it_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v a_o act_n of_o external_a adoration_n of_o god_n which_o i_o shall_v prove_v from_o scripture_n to_o be_v a_o lawful_a and_o proper_a act_n of_o divine_a worship_n i_o may_v prove_v it_o from_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o mankind_n who_o have_v express_v their_o reverence_n to_o the_o deity_n by_o act_n of_o external_a adoration_n from_o whence_o i_o call_v it_o a_o natural_a act_n of_o reverence_n but_o i_o rather_o choose_v to_o do_v it_o from_o scripture_n and_o that_o both_o before_o the_o law_n have_v determine_v so_o punctual_o the_o matter_n of_o divine_a worship_n and_o under_o the_o law_n by_o those_o who_o have_v the_o great_a regard_n to_o it_o and_o under_o the_o gospel_n when_o the_o spiritual_a nature_n of_o its_o doctrine_n will_v seem_v to_o have_v supersede_v such_o external_a act_n of_o worship_n 1._o before_o the_o law_n i_o instance_n in_o abraham_n servant_n because_o abraham_n be_v particular_o commend_v for_o his_o care_n in_o instruct_v his_o household_n to_o keep_v the_o way_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o opposition_n to_o heathen_a idolatry_n 18.19_o and_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a servant_n of_o his_o house_n of_o who_o it_o be_v say_v three_o time_n in_o one_o chapter_n that_o he_o bow_v his_o head_n worship_v the_o lord_n the_o hebrew_a word_n signify_v 52._o and_o he_o incline_v and_o bow_v himself_o to_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o word_n we_o translate_v worship_n do_v proper_o signify_v to_o bow_v and_o both_o the_o jew_n and_o other_o say_v it_o relate_v to_o some_o external_a act_n of_o the_o body_n 225._o whereby_o we_o express_v our_o inward_a reverence_n or_o subjection_n to_o another_o
meet_v with_o either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a when_o i_o have_v do_v this_o i_o compare_v those_o observation_n i_o have_v make_v with_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o several_a age_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n who_o have_v manage_v the_o charge_n of_o idolatry_n against_o heathen_n or_o heretic_n from_o hence_o i_o frame_v the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o follow_a book_n wherein_o i_o have_v not_o only_o examine_v and_o confute_v t._n g.'s_n false_a notion_n of_o it_o but_o endeavour_v to_o settle_v the_o true_a one_o in_o its_o place_n which_o be_v dispatch_v and_o the_o main_a principle_n of_o his_o whole_a book_n thereby_o weaken_v and_o overthrow_v i_o betake_v myself_o to_o the_o particular_a defence_n of_o the_o charge_n of_o idolatry_n practise_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n and_o i_o apprehend_v nothing_o of_o great_a consequence_n in_o this_o debate_n than_o to_o give_v a_o true_a account_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o controversy_n between_o we_o which_o t._n g_o endeavour_v with_o all_o his_o art_n to_o blind_v and_o confound_v after_o which_o i_o have_v give_v a_o distinct_a answer_n to_o every_o thing_n material_a or_o plausible_a in_o that_o part_n of_o his_o book_n which_o swell_v this_o discourse_n beyond_o my_o expectation_n i_o must_v respite_v the_o other_o part_n to_o a_o far_a opportunity_n which_o i_o may_v the_o better_a do_v because_o the_o remainder_n of_o t._n g_n book_n have_v already_o receive_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n from_o a_o learned_a and_o worthy_a person_n the_o content_n part_n i._n a_o general_n discourse_v concern_v the_o nature_n of_o idolatry_n chap._n i._n t._n g's_o notion_n of_o idolatry_n examine_v and_o confute_v page_n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o divine_a worship_n p._n 184_o part_n ii_o be_v a_o particular_a defence_n of_o the_o charge_n of_o idolatry_n against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n chap._n i._n the_o state_n of_o the_o controversy_n about_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n between_o christian_n and_o heathen_n p._n 349_o chap._n ii_o the_o state_n of_o the_o controversy_n about_o image_n in_o the_o christian_a church_n p._n 487_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o second_o commandment_n p._n 670_o chap._n iu_o a_o answer_n to_o t._n g_o be_v charge_n of_o contradiction_n paradox_n reproach_v of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a school_n dispute_v and_o to_o his_o parallel_a instance_n p._n 784_o part_n i._o a_o general_n discourse_v concern_v the_o nature_n of_o idolatry_n chap._n i._o t._n g's_o notion_n of_o idolatry_n examine_v and_o confute_v to_o make_v good_a the_o charge_n of_o idolatry_n against_o the_o roman_a church_n 1._o which_o be_v my_o present_a business_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n necessary_a to_o be_v do_v 1._o to_o lay_v down_o the_o right_a notion_n of_o idolatry_n 2._o to_o examine_v what_o t._n g._n and_o other_o have_v say_v to_o justify_v themselves_o from_o the_o particular_n of_o this_o charge_n i_o begin_v with_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o idolatry_n not_o only_o because_o my_o adversary_n call_v i_o to_o it_o in_o these_o word_n 203._o here_o the_o axe_n be_v lay_v to_o the_o root_n and_o if_o ever_o the_o dr._n will_v speak_v home_o to_o the_o purpose_n it_o must_v be_v upon_o this_o point_n he_o must_v speak_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n etc._n etc._n but_o because_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n in_o debate_n depend_v upon_o it_o and_o whosoever_o read_v through_o t._n g_o be_v answer_v to_o i_o will_v find_v the_o only_a strength_n of_o it_o to_o lie_v in_o a_o very_a different_a notion_n of_o idolatry_n which_o he_o set_v up_o which_o if_o it_o prove_v true_a the_o main_a of_o my_o charge_n must_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n although_o however_o by_o his_o way_n of_o writing_n he_o can_v hardly_o answer_v the_o character_n i_o have_v give_v he_o either_o of_o a_o learned_a or_o ingenuous_a adversary_n the_o notion_n of_o idolatry_n which_o t._n g._n lay_v down_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o these_o assertion_n of_o he_o 64._o that_o god_n be_v the_o only_a supreme_a and_o superexcellent_a be_v above_o all_o and_o over_o all_o to_o he_o therefore_o sovereign_a honour_n be_v only_o to_o be_v give_v and_o to_o none_o beside_o he_o that_o as_o no_o command_n of_o god_n can_v make_v that_o to_o be_v not_o idolatry_n which_o be_v so_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n so_o no_o prohibition_n if_o there_o be_v any_o can_v make_v that_o to_o be_v idolatry_n which_o have_v not_o in_o it_o the_o true_a and_o real_a nature_n of_o idolatry_n that_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n forbid_v in_o the_o commandment_n 203._o be_v the_o worship_a image_n instead_o of_o god_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o people_n in_o their_o duty_n of_o give_v sovereign_a worship_n to_o god_n alone_o 39_o by_o restrain_v they_o from_o idolatry_n 63._o that_o this_o law_n be_v make_v particular_o to_o forbid_v sovereign_a worship_n to_o be_v give_v as_o he_o say_v it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n give_v by_o the_o heathen_a to_o grave_v image_n 67._o i._n e._n representation_n of_o imaginary_a being_n or_o to_o any_o similitude_n i._n e._n the_o likeness_n of_o any_o thing_n which_o although_o it_o have_v a_o real_a be_v yet_o be_v not_o god_n that_o 99_o the_o image-worship_n condemn_v by_o s._n paul_n be_v the_o worship_a image_n for_o god_n or_o as_o the_o image_n of_o false_a god_n that_o 103._o evil_a spirit_n or_o false_a god_n do_v reside_v in_o their_o image_n by_o magical_a incantation_n 349._o that_o the_o supreme_a god_n of_o the_o heathen_n be_v not_o the_o true_a god_n but_o a_o devil_n and_o that_o the_o poet_n who_o call_v he_o the_o father_n of_o god_n and_o man_n 348._o be_v those_o who_o horace_n confess_v that_o they_o take_v the_o privilege_n to_o dare_v to_o feign_v and_o say_v thing_n from_o these_o assertion_n it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o form_v t._n g_o be_v notion_n of_o idolatry_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v the_o giving_z the_o sovereign_a worship_n of_o god_n to_o a_o creature_n and_o among_o the_o heathen_n to_o the_o devil_n and_o now_o who_o dare_v charge_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n with_o idolatry_n i_o do_v not_o wonder_v that_o he_o call_v this_o so_o foul_a so_o extravagant_a so_o unjust_a a_o charge_n and_o parallel_v i_o with_o no_o mean_a a_o person_n than_o julian_n the_o apostate_n say_v that_o sure_o a_o more_o injurious_a calumny_n scarce_o ever_o drop_v from_o the_o pen_n of_o the_o great_a enemy_n of_o christianity_n 350._o except_o that_o of_o julian_n the_o apostate_n but_o i_o be_o so_o use_v to_o their_o hard_a word_n that_o i_o can_v easy_o pass_v they_o over_o and_o immediate_o apply_v myself_o to_o the_o debate_n of_o these_o thing_n which_o will_v tend_v very_o much_o to_o the_o clear_v the_o true_a notion_n of_o idolatry_n 1._o whether_o idolatry_n be_v not_o consistent_a with_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o one_o supreme_a be_v 2._o wherein_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o divine_a worship_n lie_v which_o be_v give_v to_o a_o creature_n make_v it_o idolatry_n for_o if_o those_o who_o acknowledge_v one_o supreme_a be_v the_o creator_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o world_n be_v notwithstanding_o this_o guilty_a of_o idolatry_n and_o that_o idolatry_n be_v as_o t._n g._n confess_v 27._o the_o give_v the_o worship_n due_a to_o god_n to_o a_o creature_n then_o if_o we_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v give_v any_o part_n of_o that_o worship_n which_o be_v due_a to_o god_n to_o any_o thing_n beside_o he_o we_o may_v still_o just_o charge_v they_o with_o idolatry_n although_o they_o believe_v one_o supreme_a god_n and_o reserve_v some_o worship_n which_o he_o call_v sovereign_a to_o he_o 1._o whether_o idolatry_n be_v not_o consistent_a with_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o one_o supreme_a be_v creator_n 2._o and_o governor_n of_o the_o world_n who_o i_o suppose_v t._n g._n will_v not_o deny_v to_o be_v the_o true_a god_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o he_o that_o the_o whole_a heathen_a world_n be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n without_o except_v the_o more_o intelligent_a and_o wise_a person_n among_o they_o therefore_o our_o only_a business_n as_o to_o they_o be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o they_o do_v acknowledge_v this_o supreme_a be_v and_o it_o be_v without_o dispute_n that_o all_o christian_n do_v acknowledge_v the_o true_a god_n if_o i_o can_v then_o prove_v that_o such_o have_v notwithstanding_o be_v charge_v with_o idolatry_n by_o those_o who_o judgement_n t._n g._n dare_v not_o refuse_v i_o hope_v these_o two_o thing_n be_v make_v out_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o those_o may_v be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n
likewise_o for_o the_o adoration_n that_o be_v due_a to_o the_o son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n s._n chrysostom_n say_v 955._o that_o the_o arian_n and_o macedonian_n make_v one_o great_a god_n and_o another_o less_o and_o create_v god_n do_v bring_v in_o gentilism_n again_o for_o it_o be_v that_o which_o teach_v man_n to_o worship_v a_o creature_n and_o to_o make_v one_o great_a god_n and_o other_o inferior_a such_o as_o these_o s._n paul_n condemn_v for_o give_v worship_n to_o a_o creature_n and_o they_o be_v accurse_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n which_o say_v curse_v be_v every_o one_o who_o worship_v a_o creature_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v s._n ambrose_n go_v far_a and_o say_v 2._o s._n paul_n foresee_v that_o christian_n will_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o creature_n and_o therefore_o not_o only_o condemn_v the_o gentile_n but_o warn_v the_o christian_n by_o say_v that_o god_n will_v damn_v those_o who_o worship_n the_o creature_n rather_o than_o the_o creator_n either_o therefore_o let_v the_o arian_n cease_v to_o worship_v he_o who_o they_o call_v a_o creature_n 8._o or_o cease_v to_o call_v he_o a_o creature_n who_o they_o worship_v lest_o under_o the_o name_n of_o worshipper_n they_o be_v find_v to_o commit_v the_o great_a sacrilege_n s._n augustin_n say_v 1._o that_o the_o arian_n by_o give_v worship_n to_o christ_n as_o god_n who_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v a_o creature_n do_v make_v more_o god_n than_o one_o and_o break_v the_o law_n of_o god_n which_o do_v forbid_v the_o worship_n of_o more_o than_o one_o god_n and_o set_v up_o idol_n to_o themselves_o 66._o although_o they_o acknowledge_v one_o great_a god_n and_o make_v the_o son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n lesser_a and_o inferior_a go_n from_o this_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o father_n in_o charge_v the_o arrian_n with_o idolatry_n it_o most_o evident_o follow_v that_o according_a to_o they_o idolatry_n be_v consistent_a with_o the_o belief_n and_o worship_n of_o one_o supreme_a god_n which_o be_v not_o the_o only_a considerable_a advantage_n we_o gain_v by_o those_o testimony_n but_o from_o they_o it_o likewise_o appear_v 1._o that_o it_o be_v idolatry_n to_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o any_o creature_n how_o great_a soever_o the_o excellency_n of_o that_o creature_n be_v for_o none_o can_v be_v imagine_v great_a than_o those_o which_o the_o arian_n attribute_v to_o the_o son_n of_o god_n 2._o that_o the_o father_n look_v on_o the_o worship_n of_o dulia_n as_o divine_a worship_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o apply_v that_o term_n to_o the_o worship_n which_o be_v give_v to_o christ._n 3._o that_o the_o name_n of_o a_o idol_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o most_o real_a and_o excellènt_a be_v when_o divine_a worship_n be_v give_v to_o it_o for_o they_o give_v this_o name_n to_o christ_n himself_o when_o he_o be_v worship_v as_o a_o creature_n 4._o that_o relative_a latria_n be_v idolatry_n when_o give_v to_o any_o creature_n for_o this_o be_v all_o the_o arian_n subterfuge_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v idolatry_n to_o worship_n christ_n as_o a_o creature_n because_o they_o worship_v he_o only_o as_o the_o image_n of_o god_n and_o relative_o terminate_a their_o worship_n on_o god_n the_o father_n through_o he_o notwithstanding_o which_o answer_n of_o they_o the_o father_n with_o one_o consent_n declare_v such_o worship_n to_o be_v idolatry_n and_o that_o it_o will_v make_v way_n for_o the_o worship_n of_o any_o creature_n and_o be_v the_o introduce_v of_o heathen_a idolatry_n under_o a_o pretence_n of_o christianity_n these_o thing_n which_o be_v here_o only_o observe_v in_o passage_n will_v be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o divine_a worship_n 1._o i_o now_o come_v to_o the_o second_o enquiry_n wherein_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o divine_a worship_n lie_v which_o be_v give_v to_o a_o creature_n make_v that_o worship_n idolatry_n and_o that_o i_o may_v proceed_v with_o all_o possible_a clearness_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v inquire_v 1._o what_o worship_n be_v 2._o what_o divine_a worship_n be_v and_o what_o be_v the_o proper_a act_n of_o it_o 3._o how_o the_o apply_v of_o these_o act_n to_o a_o creature_n do_v make_v the_o worship_n of_o it_o idolatry_n what_o worship_n be_v aquinas_n have_v give_v this_o distinction_n between_o honour_n and_o worship_n 2._o that_o honour_n be_v quaedam_fw-la recognitio_fw-la excellentiae_fw-la alicujus_fw-la a_o acknowledgement_n of_o another_o excellency_n but_o cultus_fw-la or_o worship_n in_o quodam_fw-la obsequio_fw-la consistit_fw-la imply_v subjection_n to_o another_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o distinction_n do_v not_o lie_v so_o much_o in_o the_o force_n and_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n as_o in_o the_o different_a effect_n that_o excellency_n alone_o consider_v have_v upon_o our_o mind_n from_o what_o it_o have_v when_o it_o be_v join_v with_o superiority_n and_o a_o power_n over_o we_o mere_a excellency_n do_v produce_v only_o in_o our_o mind_n a_o due_a esteem_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o degree_n of_o it_o which_o be_v a_o debitum_fw-la morale_fw-la as_o the_o schoolman_n speak_v from_o we_o towards_o it_o i._n e._n something_o which_o according_a to_o nature_n and_o reason_n we_o ought_v to_o give_v it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v account_v a_o part_n of_o natural_a justice_n to_o esteem_v whatever_o excellency_n we_o apprehend_v to_o be_v in_o other_o although_o we_o receive_v no_o benefit_n by_o they_o ourselves_o and_o whatever_o imply_v a_o real_a excellency_n whether_o it_o be_v intellectual_a or_o moral_a whether_o infinite_a or_o finite_a whether_o natural_a or_o acquire_v it_o deserve_v a_o estimation_n suitable_a to_o its_o kind_n and_o degree_n but_o the_o honour_n which_o be_v due_a to_o excellency_n do_v not_o only_o lie_v in_o a_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o in_o a_o correspondent_a inclination_n of_o the_o will_v to_o testify_v that_o esteem_n by_o such_o outward_a expression_n as_o may_v manifest_v it_o to_o other_o and_o that_o either_o by_o word_n which_o be_v call_v praise_n or_o by_o gesture_n as_o bowing_n of_o the_o body_n or_o by_o fact_n as_o gift_n statue_n etc._n etc._n all_o these_o aquinas_n tell_v we_o do_v belong_v to_o honour_v 1._o but_o worship_n imply_v something_o beyond_o this_o which_o be_v subjection_n to_o anotheron_o the_o account_n of_o his_o power_n over_o we_o for_o we_o may_v express_v honour_n and_o esteem_v towards_o equal_n or_o inferior_n because_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o may_v be_v in_o those_o as_o well_o as_o other_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v a_o different_a duty_n in_o we_o with_o respect_n to_o superiority_n and_o this_o be_v worship_n so_o the_o schoolman_n define_v adoration_n adorare_fw-la non_fw-la dicimur_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o dignitate_fw-la constitutos_fw-la quos_fw-la nobis_fw-la superiores_fw-la cognoscimus_fw-la say_v vasquez_n 1._o honour_n potest_fw-la esse_fw-la ad_fw-la aequalem_fw-la say_v suarez_n 1._o juxta_fw-la illud_fw-la ad_fw-la rom._n 12._o honore_fw-la inuicem_fw-la praevenientes_fw-la adoratio_fw-la vero_fw-la respicit_fw-la alium_fw-la ut_fw-la excellentem_fw-la &_o superiorem_fw-la exit_fw-la parte_fw-la adorantis_fw-la plane_n necessarium_fw-la est_fw-la say_v tannerus_n 27._o ut_fw-la be_v rem_fw-la adorandam_fw-la concipiat_fw-la tanquam_fw-la aliquo_fw-la modo_fw-la se_fw-la superiorem_fw-la seu_fw-la praestantiorem_fw-la but_o more_o full_o bernardus_n pujol_n 1._o adoratio_fw-la est_fw-la submissio_fw-la quaedam_fw-la &_o quasi_fw-la humiliatio_fw-la quam_fw-la subditus_fw-la facit_fw-la propter_fw-la excellentiam_fw-la superioris_fw-la &_o in_o honorem_fw-la illius_fw-la and_o gamachaeus_n adorat_fw-la adoratio_fw-la essentialiter_fw-la includit_fw-la subjectionem_fw-la ac_fw-la submissionem_fw-la aliquam_fw-la adoratio_fw-la est_fw-la inferioris_fw-la ad_fw-la superiorem_fw-la say_v ysambertus_n 25._o cardinal_n lugo_n go_v far_o 2._o say_v of_o cultus_fw-la se_fw-la apud_fw-la probatos_fw-la auctores_fw-la videre_fw-la semper_fw-la eam_fw-la vocem_fw-la applicari_fw-la ad_fw-la significandam_fw-la reverentiam_fw-la erga_fw-la superiores_fw-la and_o although_o arriaga_n think_v cultus_fw-la of_o a_o large_a signification_n 1._o yet_o the_o definition_n he_o give_v of_o adoration_n be_v that_o it_o be_v honour_n exhibitus_fw-la superiori_fw-la in_o signum_fw-la submissionis_fw-la &_o humiliationis_fw-la bellarmine_n make_v the_o first_o act_n of_o adoration_n to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o that_o only_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o object_n but_o the_o second_o in_o the_o will_n to_o be_v not_o only_o a_o inclination_n of_o it_o towards_o the_o object_n but_o a_o willing_a by_o some_o internal_a or_o external_a act_n to_o acknowledge_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o object_n and_o our_o subjection_n and_o to_o these_o he_o add_v the_o external_a act_n either_o of_o bow_v the_o head_n or_o bend_v the_o knee_n or_o some_o other_o token_n of_o subjection_n so_o that_o bellarmine_n agree_v with_o the_o rest_n in_o make_v the_o formal_a act_n of_o adoration_n to_o be_v
be_v intend_v and_o consequent_o if_o it_o be_v intend_v or_o direct_v by_o the_o understanding_n and_o will_n to_o god_n though_o after_o a_o unlawful_a manner_n it_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o be_v terminate_v upon_o god_n and_o the_o act_n be_v a_o act_n of_o disobedience_n or_o of_o some_o other_o sin_n and_o call_v idolatry_n only_o by_o a_o metaphorical_a denomination_n as_o idolatry_n be_v call_v adultery_n and_o the_o field_n be_v say_v to_o be_v joyful_a and_o sing_v 323._o for_o as_o he_o say_v elsewhere_o as_o no_o command_n of_o god_n can_v make_v that_o to_o be_v not_o idolatry_n which_o be_v so_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n so_o no_o prohibition_n if_o there_o be_v any_o can_v make_v that_o to_o be_v idolatry_n which_o have_v not_o in_o it_o the_o true_a and_o real_a nature_n of_o idolatry_n to_o make_v this_o matter_n the_o more_o clear_a i_o shall_v here_o take_v away_o this_o cavil_n of_o t._n g._n because_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o right_n state_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o idolatry_n which_o be_v agree_v on_o both_o side_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o creature_n the_o worship_n due_a only_o to_o god_n and_o the_o controversy_n between_o we_o be_v this_o whether_o on_o supposition_n that_o god_n have_v prohibit_v the_o act_n of_o adoration_n to_o a_o image_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o idolatry_n that_o act_n be_v real_a idolatry_n or_o no_o the_o only_a pretence_n on_o their_o side_n that_o it_o be_v not_o be_v this_o that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o person_n be_v to_o terminate_v his_o worship_n on_o god_n and_o not_o bare_o on_o the_o image_n it_o can_v not_o be_v real_a idolatry_n my_o business_n be_v to_o remove_v this_o pretence_n which_o i_o do_v by_o this_o argument_n because_o god_n himself_o deny_v to_o receive_v it_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v terminate_v on_o the_o creature_n the_o consequence_n of_o this_o t._n g._n reject_v as_o utter_o false_a because_o humane_a act_n go_v whither_o they_o be_v intend_v and_o that_o the_o prohibition_n of_o god_n only_o make_v the_o act_n unlawful_a and_o do_v not_o hinder_v its_o go_n to_o its_o object_n to_o take_v off_o this_o i_o undertake_v to_o show_v that_o where_o god_n have_v prohibit_v any_o act_n of_o worship_n that_o worship_n so_o give_v can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v terminate_v upon_o he_o because_o worship_v be_v as_o here_o understand_v a_o outward_a signification_n of_o honour_n and_o respect_n god_n make_v a_o rule_n for_o his_o own_o worship_n whatever_o have_v disobedience_n in_o it_o must_v dishonour_v god_n and_o that_o be_v a_o contradiction_n to_o honour_n god_n by_o dishonour_v he_o and_o therefore_o god_n give_v it_o the_o denomination_n of_o idolatry_n man_n intention_n can_v not_o excuse_v they_o from_o the_o guilt_n of_o it_o for_o i_o say_v whither_o soever_o man_n direct_v their_o intention_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o scripture_n that_o god_n do_v interpret_v this_o kind_n of_o worship_n to_o be_v terminate_v on_o the_o image_n and_o therefore_o the_o israelite_n be_v say_v to_o worship_v the_o melt_a image_n although_o they_o direct_v their_o intention_n to_o god_n by_o it_o this_o be_v the_o short_a and_o true_a account_n of_o the_o force_n and_o design_n of_o that_o discourse_n upon_o which_o t._n g._n make_v such_o clamour_n of_o vanity_n impertinency_n change_v the_o question_n contradiction_n downright_a sophistry_n and_o what_o not_o save_v only_o answer_v the_o argument_n contain_v in_o it_o but_o i_o beseech_v t._n g._n to_o let_v i_o understand_v the_o sophistry_n of_o this_o argument_n etc._n for_o he_o have_v not_o yet_o discover_v any_o thing_n like_o it_o but_o only_o that_o he_o do_v not_o or_o will_v not_o understand_v the_o strength_n and_o design_n of_o it_o i_o will_v therefore_o do_v he_o the_o kindness_n to_o make_v it_o plain_o to_o he_o in_o all_o act_n of_o worship_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n to_o be_v explain_v 1._o the_o inward_a intention_n of_o the_o mind_n 2._o the_o outward_a act_n of_o worship_n 3._o the_o pass_v of_o that_o outward_a act_n according_a to_o the_o inward_a intention_n or_o the_o terminate_n of_o it_o 1._o the_o inward_a intention_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v either_o 1_o actual_a cogitation_n of_o the_o object_n intend_v or_o 2._o direct_v the_o outward_a act_n to_o some_o particular_a end_n as_o when_o i_o see_v a_o picture_n that_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o a_o friend_n the_o inward_a intention_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o the_o act_n of_o see_v be_v carry_v to_o the_o object_n represent_v which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o simple_a cogitation_n or_o apprehension_n of_o the_o person_n by_o a_o idea_n of_o he_o in_o my_o mind_n but_o when_o i_o kiss_v that_o picture_n out_o of_o the_o esteem_n i_o have_v for_o he_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v by_o that_o outward_a act_n to_o show_v the_o respect_n i_o have_v for_o his_o person_n 2._o the_o outward_a act_n of_o worship_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n 1._o physical_o and_o abstract_o from_o any_o law_n and_o so_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o intention_n 2._o moral_o as_o good_a or_o evil_n and_o so_o it_o receive_v its_o denomination_n from_o the_o law_n and_o not_o from_o the_o bare_a intention_n of_o the_o person_n as_o if_o a_o man_n steal_v with_o a_o intention_n of_o charity_n the_o goodness_n of_o his_o intention_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o act_n from_o fall_v under_o the_o denomination_n of_o theft_n 3._o the_o pass_v of_o the_o outward_a act_n according_a to_o the_o inward_a intention_n or_o the_o terminate_n of_o it_o signify_v no_o more_o out_o of_o these_o term_n than_o that_o it_o be_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o person_n who_o do_v it_o to_o honour_n god_n by_o do_v it_o but_o whether_o this_o be_v real_o a_o act_n of_o honour_n to_o god_n or_o no_o be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o simple_a intention_n of_o the_o doer_n but_o by_o the_o law_n and_o rule_n of_o worship_n which_o god_n have_v give_v and_o how_o can_v god_n be_v honour_v by_o a_o palpable_a act_n of_o disobedience_n and_o how_o can_v that_o worship_n be_v terminate_v as_o worship_v upon_o he_o who_o have_v utter_o refuse_v it_o and_o suppose_v that_o god_n have_v appropriate_v that_o outward_a act_n of_o worship_n to_o himself_o which_o be_v give_v to_o a_o image_n this_o be_v give_v the_o worship_n to_o a_o creature_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o god_n which_o t._n g._n can_v deny_v to_o be_v the_o definition_n of_o real_a idolatry_n this_o be_v the_o meaning_n and_o intention_n of_o my_o former_a discourse_n however_o t._n g._n lamentable_o mistake_v and_o pervert_v it_o 1._o he_o say_v this_o be_v change_v the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n how_o so_o why_o forsooth_o my_o charge_n be_v of_o real_a idolatry_n and_o my_o proof_n be_v only_o of_o metaphorical_a idolatry_n and_o by_o extrinsical_a denomination_n what_o need_n be_v there_o that_o man_n have_v a_o care_n of_o their_o word_n that_o have_v to_o do_v with_o such_o sophister_n all_o that_o i_o say_v of_o denomination_n be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o the_o divine_a law_n be_v the_o rule_n of_o worship_n all_o prohibit_v way_n of_o worship_n must_v receive_v that_o denomination_n which_o god_n himself_o give_v they_o what_o be_v this_o to_o metaphorical_a idolatry_n if_o i_o say_v that_o unjust_a reproach_v one_o neighbour_n or_o take_v away_o his_o good_n or_o lie_v with_o his_o wife_n must_v receive_v that_o denomination_n which_o the_o law_n give_v they_o do_v this_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v only_o metaphorical_a theft_n and_o adultery_n and_o false_a witness_n i_o do_v assure_v he_o i_o mean_v very_o real_a idolatry_n under_o that_o denomination_n and_o that_o upon_o this_o reason_n which_o i_o have_v now_o more_o large_o insist_v upon_o viz._n that_o it_o belong_v to_o god_n to_o appropriate_v act_n of_o worship_n to_o himself_o that_o god_n have_v appropriate_v they_o they_o become_v due_a only_o to_o he_o and_o therefore_o they_o who_o do_v these_o act_n to_o any_o beside_o himself_o do_v give_v to_o the_o creature_n the_o worship_n due_a to_o god_n alone_o which_o be_v the_o very_a definition_n of_o real_a idolatry_n t._n g._n contend_v for_o but_o the_o real_a idolatry_n i_o mean_v he_o say_v be_v that_o which_o be_v so_o antecedent_o to_o any_o prohibition_n as_o appear_v by_o my_o contend_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v require_v the_o give_v the_o creature_n the_o honour_n due_a only_o to_o god_n what_o strange_a argue_v be_v this_o for_o so_o a_o subtle_a a_o sophister_n will_v not_o any_o one_o that_o have_v look_v over_o aristotle_n threshold_n to_o use_v his_o own_o phrase_n discern_v that_o if_o idolatry_n do_v consist_v in_o give_v the_o creature_n the_o worship_n due_a only_o to_o god_n as_o many_o
way_n as_o worship_n may_v become_v due_a idolatry_n may_v be_v commit_v can_v god_n make_v any_o of_o the_o former_a appropriate_a act_n of_o worship_n to_o become_v due_a only_o to_o himself_o can_v he_o tie_v we_o to_o perform_v they_o to_o he_o and_o than_o they_o become_v due_a to_o he_o and_o can_v he_o restrain_v we_o from_o do_v they_o to_o any_o other_o and_o than_o they_o become_v due_a only_o to_o he_o and_o be_v not_o then_o the_o do_v of_o any_o of_o these_o prohibit_v act_n to_o a_o creature_n the_o give_v to_o they_o the_o worship_n due_a only_o to_o god_n be_v the_o outward_a act_n of_o sacrifice_n due_a only_o to_o god_n antecedent_o to_o a_o prohibition_n or_o no_o if_o it_o be_v due_a only_o to_o god_n antecedent_o to_o his_o will_n it_o be_v always_o and_o necessary_o due_a to_o he_o and_o to_o he_o alone_o and_o let_v t._n g._n at_o his_o leisure_n prove_v that_o antecedent_o to_o any_o law_n of_o god_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o worship_n god_n by_o sacrifice_n and_o unlawful_a so_o to_o worship_v any_o else_o beside_o he_o if_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o will_n of_o god_n then_o either_o it_o be_v no_o idolatry_n to_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o a_o creature_n and_o then_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o mass_n may_v be_v offer_v to_o saint_n or_o image_n or_o if_o it_o be_v then_o real_a idolatry_n may_v be_v consequent_a to_o a_o prohibition_n but_o he_o think_v he_o have_v a_o great_a advantage_n against_o i_o by_o my_o say_n that_o any_o image_n be_v make_v so_o far_o the_o object_n of_o divine_a worship_n 26._o that_o man_n do_v bow_v down_o before_o it_o do_v thereby_o become_v a_o idol_n and_o on_o that_o account_n be_v forbid_v in_o the_o second_o commandment_n this_o be_v downright_a trifle_n for_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v that_o take_v away_o a_o man_n good_n against_o his_o consent_n be_v theft_n and_o on_o that_o account_n be_v forbid_v in_o the_o eight_o commandment_n will_v any_o man_n imagine_v that_o i_o must_v speak_v of_o theft_n antecedent_n to_o the_o command_n for_o it_o imply_v no_o more_o than_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o command_n but_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o theft_n that_o be_v always_o a_o sin_n although_o the_o particular_a species_n of_o it_o and_o the_o denomination_n of_o particular_a act_n do_v suppose_v positive_a law_n about_o dominion_n and_o property_n so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o idolatry_n the_o general_a nature_n of_o it_o be_v always_o the_o same_o viz._n the_o give_v the_o worship_n to_o a_o creature_n which_o be_v due_a only_a to_o god_n although_o the_o denomination_n of_o particular_a act_n may_v depend_v upon_o positive_a law_n because_o god_n may_v appropriate_v peculiar_a act_n of_o worship_n to_o himself_o which_o be_v do_v by_o he_o those_o act_n be_v give_v to_o a_o creature_n receive_v the_o denomination_n of_o idolatry_n which_o without_o those_o law_n they_o will_v not_o have_v do_v so_o that_o still_o the_o general_a notion_n of_o idolatry_n be_v antecedent_n to_o positive_a law_n but_o yet_o the_o determination_n of_o particular_a act_n whether_o they_o be_v idolatry_n or_o no_o do_v depend_v on_o the_o positive_a law_n which_o god_n have_v give_v about_o his_o worship_n and_o if_o t._n g._n have_v understand_v the_o nature_n of_o humane_a act_n as_o he_o pretend_v he_o will_v never_o have_v make_v such_o trifle_a objection_n as_o these_o for_o be_v it_o not_o thus_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o other_o sin_n forbid_v in_o the_o commandment_n as_o well_o as_o idolatry_n that_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o most_o moral_o evil_a antecedent_n to_o any_o prohibition_n suppose_v it_o be_v murder_n adultery_n or_o disobedience_n to_o parent_n although_o i_o grant_v these_o thing_n to_o have_v a_o general_a notion_n antecedent_o to_o any_o law_n yet_o when_o we_o come_v to_o inquire_v into_o particular_a act_n whether_o they_o do_v receive_v those_o denomination_n or_o no_o we_o must_v then_o judge_v by_o particular_a law_n which_o determine_v what_o act_n be_v to_o be_v account_v murder_n adultery_n or_o disobedience_n as_o whether_o execution_n of_o malefactor_n be_v prohibit_v murder_n whether_o marry_v many_o wife_n be_v adultery_n whether_o not_o comply_v with_o the_o religion_n of_o one_o parent_n be_v disobedience_n these_o thing_n i_o mention_v to_o make_v t._n g._n understand_v a_o little_a better_o the_o nature_n of_o moral_a act_n and_o that_o a_o general_a notion_n of_o idolatry_n be_v antecedent_n to_o a_o prohibition_n be_v very_o consistent_a with_o the_o determine_v any_o particular_a act_n as_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n to_o be_v idolatry_n to_o be_v consequent_a to_o that_o prohibition_n but_o i_o perceive_v a_o particular_a pleasure_n these_o man_n take_v to_o make_v i_o seem_v to_o contradict_v myself_o and_o here_o t._n g._n be_v at_o it_o as_o wise_o as_o the_o rest_n thus_o blind_a man_n apprehend_v nothing_o but_o contradiction_n in_o the_o diversity_n of_o colour_n by_o the_o different_a reflection_n of_o light_n but_o the_o comfort_n be_v that_o other_o know_v that_o it_o be_v only_o their_o want_n of_o sight_n that_o make_v they_o cry_v out_o contradiction_n but_o wherein_o lie_v this_o horrible_a self-contradiction_n why_o true_o it_o seem_v i_o have_v say_v that_o a_o image_n be_v make_v so_o far_o the_o object_n of_o divine_a worship_n that_o man_n do_v bow_v down_o before_o it_o do_v thereby_o become_v a_o idol_n and_o on_o that_o account_n be_v forbid_v in_o the_o second_o commandment_n well!_o and_o what_o then_o where_o lie_v the_o contradiction_n hold_v a_o little_a it_o will_v come_v present_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n mark_v those_o word_n on_o that_o account_n but_o i_o say_v that_o the_o worship_n which_o god_n deny_v to_o receive_v can_v be_v terminate_v on_o he_o but_o on_o the_o image_n be_v this_o the_o contradiction_n then_o no_o not_o yet_o neither_o the_o conceit_n have_v need_n be_v good_a it_o be_v so_o long_o in_o deliver_v but_o at_o last_o it_o come_v like_o a_o thunder-showre_n full_a of_o sulphur_n and_o darkness_n with_o a_o terrible_a crack_n either_o i_o mean_v that_o this_o worship_n can_v be_v terminate_v on_o god_n antecedent_o to_o the_o prohibition_n because_o on_o that_o account_n the_o worship_n of_o a_o image_n be_v forbid_v in_o the_o second_o commandment_n or_o if_o it_o can_v be_v terminate_v on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o prohibition_n than_o it_o be_v not_o on_o that_o account_n forbid_v what_o a_o needless_a invention_n be_v that_o of_o gunpowder_n t._n g._n can_v blow_v a_o man_n up_o with_o a_o train_n of_o consequence_n from_o his_o own_o word_n let_v he_o but_o have_v the_o lay_n of_o it_o can_v i_o ever_o have_v think_v that_o such_o innocent_a word_n as_o on_o that_o account_n shall_v have_v have_v so_o much_o nitre_n and_o sulphur_n in_o they_o for_o let_v any_o man_n read_v over_o those_o word_n and_o see_v if_o he_o can_v find_v any_o thing_n antecedent_n to_o the_o prohibition_n in_o they_o for_o have_v in_o that_o place_n show_v that_o the_o word_n idolum_fw-la sculptile_fw-la imago_fw-la be_v promiscuous_o use_v in_o scripture_n i_o present_o add_v by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o any_o image_n be_v make_v so_o far_o the_o object_n of_o divine_a worship_n that_o man_n do_v bow_v down_o before_o it_o do_v thereby_o become_v a_o idol_n and_o on_o that_o account_n be_v forbid_v in_o this_o commandment_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v mark_v that_o this_o t._n g._n pare_v off_o as_o not_o fit_a for_o his_o purpose_n i._n e._n from_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n in_o scripture_n that_o any_o image_n be_v make_v so_o far_o the_o object_n of_o divine_a worship_n that_o man_n do_v bow_v down_o before_o it_o i._n e._n if_o man_n do_v perform_v that_o act_n of_o worship_n to_o a_o image_n which_o god_n have_v forbid_v the_o do_v towards_o it_o what_o then_o then_o say_v i_o it_o become_v a_o idol_n for_o whatever_o have_v divine_a worship_n give_v to_o it_o be_v so_o and_o on_o that_o account_n i._n e._n of_o its_o have_v that_o act_n of_o divine_a worship_n do_v to_o it_o by_o bow_v before_o it_o it_o be_v forbid_v in_o this_o commandment_n i._n e._n it_o come_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o that_o prohibition_n the_o meaning_n of_o all_o which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o show_v that_o adoration_n of_o image_n be_v idolatry_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o commandment_n but_o thus_o be_v we_o put_v to_o construe_v and_o paraphrase_n our_o own_o word_n to_o free_v ourselves_o either_o from_o the_o ignorance_n or_o malice_n of_o our_o adversary_n but_o with_o this_o fetch_n t.g._n stand_v and_o laugh_v through_o his_o finger_n at_o the_o trick_n he_o have_v play_v i_o and_o bid_v i_o with_o a_o secret_a pleasure_n at_o his_o notable_a
aquinas_n quote_v these_o passage_n with_o approbation_n do_v they_o know_v the_o intention_n of_o seneca_n or_o the_o philosopher_n why_o do_v cajetan_n say_v 2._o that_o a_o man_n that_o commit_v only_o the_o external_a act_n of_o idolatry_n be_v as_o guilty_a as_o he_o that_o commit_v the_o external_a act_n of_o theft_n to_o both_o which_o he_o say_v no_o more_o be_v necessary_a than_o a_o voluntary_a inclination_n to_o do_v that_o act_n not_o any_o apprehension_n in_o the_o mind_n that_o what_o he_o worship_v be_v god_n nor_o any_o intention_n to_o direct_v that_o act_n only_o to_o the_o image_n nay_o why_o do_v gregory_n de_fw-fr valentia_n himself_o say_v 1._o that_o outward_a act_n of_o worship_n may_v be_v so_o proper_a to_o god_n either_o from_o their_o own_o nature_n or_o the_o consent_n of_o mankind_n that_o whosoever_o do_v they_o whatever_o his_o inward_a intention_n be_v aught_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o give_v the_o honour_n proper_a to_o god_n to_o that_o for_o who_o sake_n he_o do_v they_o and_o this_o he_o call_v a_o implicit_a tannerus_n a_o indirect_a intention_n 1._o but_o neither_o of_o they_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v either_o a_o actual_a or_o virtual_a intention_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o only_o that_o which_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o outward_a act_n nay_o t._n g._n himself_o say_v 99_o that_o on_o supposition_n the_o philosopher_n do_v believe_v one_o god_n and_o yet_o join_v with_o the_o people_n in_o the_o practice_n of_o their_o idolatry_n they_o be_v worthy_o condemn_v by_o the_o apostle_n though_o but_o for_o the_o external_a profession_n of_o pray_v and_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o their_o image_n say_v you_o so_o and_o yet_o do_v outward_a act_n certain_o go_v whither_o they_o be_v intend_v suppose_v then_o these_o philosopher_n intend_v to_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n by_o those_o image_n where_o this_o idolatry_n or_o no_o if_o not_o why_o be_v they_o so_o much_o to_o blame_v for_o give_v worship_n to_o the_o true_a god_n by_o a_o image_n which_o t._n g._n commend_v as_o a_o very_a good_a thing_n be_v it_o the_o figure_n of_o their_o image_n displease_v he_o that_o can_v not_o be_v for_o the_o statue_n of_o jupiter_n capitolinus_n may_v as_o fit_o represent_v god_n to_o they_o as_o that_o of_o a_o old_a man_n in_o their_o church_n and_o young_a jupiter_n in_o the_o lap_n of_o fortune_n a_o image_n cicero_n mention_n may_v put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o common_a image_n in_o their_o church_n 41._o and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o good_a intention_n may_v be_v carry_v to_o a_o right_a object_n and_o why_o may_v not_o intention_n do_v that_o which_o their_o church_n afterward_o do_v when_o it_o change_v the_o temple_n of_o hercules_n to_o s._n alexius_n because_o he_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 20._o and_o that_o of_o the_o two_o brother_n romulus_n and_o remus_n or_o as_o bellarmin_n say_v castor_n and_o pollux_n to_o cosmas_n and_o damianus_n and_o the_o pantheon_n to_o omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la if_o there_o be_v no_o harm_n in_o the_o thing_n there_o can_v be_v none_o in_o the_o intention_n or_o be_v it_o the_o scandal_n of_o their_o practice_n but_o to_o who_o be_v the_o scandal_n give_v it_o will_v have_v be_v rather_o scandal_n among_o they_o not_o to_o have_v do_v it_o so_o that_o if_o a_o secret_a intention_n do_v carry_v that_o act_n whither_o it_o be_v intend_v and_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o worship_n god_n by_o image_n i_o do_v not_o see_v wherein_o the_o philosopher_n be_v to_o blame_v in_o comply_v with_o those_o outward_a act_n who_o good_a or_o evil_n according_a to_o t._n g._n depend_v upon_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o doer_n of_o they_o but_o if_o they_o be_v real_o to_o blame_v it_o be_v for_o do_v those_o external_a act_n of_o worship_n to_o creature_n which_o belong_v only_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o so_o the_o apostle_n by_o condemn_v they_o do_v prove_v that_o which_o i_o intend_v viz._n that_o there_o be_v such_o peculiar_a external_a act_n of_o divine_a worship_n that_o the_o do_v of_o they_o for_o the_o worship_n of_o a_o creature_n be_v idolatry_n but_o my_o adversary_n 16._o think_v to_o clear_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n from_o the_o charge_n of_o idolatry_n by_o two_o general_a answer_n which_o serve_v he_o and_o his_o brethren_n on_o all_o occasion_n viz._n 1._o that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o worship_n one_o call_v latria_n or_o sovereign_a worship_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o god_n and_o another_o call_v dulia_n or_o inferior_a worship_n that_o may_v be_v give_v to_o creature_n on_o the_o account_n of_o excellency_n communicate_v to_o they_o from_o god_n 2._o that_o the_o worship_n they_o give_v to_o any_o inanimate_a creature_n that_o have_v no_o proper_a excellency_n of_o their_o own_o be_v not_o absolute_a but_o a_o relative_a latria_n they_o intend_v thereby_o only_o to_o worship_v god_n in_o the_o examine_n of_o these_o two_o i_o shall_v clear_v the_o last_o part_n of_o this_o discourse_n viz._n 3._o how_o the_o apply_v the_o act_n of_o religious_a worship_n to_o a_o creature_n do_v make_v that_o worship_n idolatry_n 1._o i_o shall_v consider_v the_o different_a sort_n of_o worship_n which_o t._n g._n insist_o upon_o 353._o to_o clear_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o idolatry_n the_o question_n at_o present_a say_v t._n g._n between_o dr._n st._n and_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v not_o whether_o divine_a worship_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o saint_n for_o this_o be_v abhor_v of_o all_o faithful_a christian_n but_o whether_o a_o inferior_a worship_n of_o like_a kind_n with_o that_o which_o be_v give_v to_o holy_a man_n upon_o earth_n for_o their_o holiness_n and_o near_a relation_n to_o god_n may_v not_o be_v lawful_o give_v to_o they_o now_o they_o be_v in_o heaven_n again_o he_o say_v 355._o if_o by_o religious_a worship_n i_o mean_v that_o honour_n which_o be_v due_a to_o god_n alone_o it_o be_v true_a what_o the_o father_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o most_o excellent_a create_a being_n but_o nothing_o at_o all_o to_o the_o point_n in_o debate_n between_o we_o if_o i_o mean_v that_o honour_n of_o which_o a_o creature_n be_v capable_a for_o religion_n sake_n and_o that_o relation_n which_o it_o settle_v he_o will_v he_o say_v show_v it_o to_o be_v false_a that_o the_o father_n deny_v any_o such_o honour_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o holy_a angel_n or_o saint_n and_o if_o i_o prove_v that_o this_o worship_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v call_v religious_a he_o tell_v i_o from_o s._n austin_n that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o mere_a wrangle_n about_o word_n because_o religion_n may_v be_v use_v in_o other_o sense_n beside_o that_o of_o the_o worship_n due_a to_o god_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o this_o distinction_n between_o the_o religious_a worship_n due_a to_o god_n and_o that_o of_o which_o a_o creature_n be_v capable_a for_o religion_n sake_n he_o say_v he_o can_v clear_o dispel_v the_o mist_n i_o have_v raise_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o father_n and_o let_v the_o reader_n see_v that_o i_o have_v pervert_v their_o meaning_n and_o yet_o say_v nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n thus_o he_o answer_v the_o testimony_n of_o justin_n martyr_n theophilus_n origen_n s._n ambrose_n or_o the_o writer_n under_o his_o name_n theodoret_n s._n austin_n and_o if_o they_o have_v be_v a_o hundred_o more_o it_o have_v be_v all_o one_o they_o have_v be_v all_o send_v pack_v with_o the_o same_o answer_n let_v they_o say_v what_o they_o will_v they_o must_v be_v all_o understand_v of_o divine_a worship_n proper_a to_o god_n and_o not_o of_o the_o inferior_a worship_n which_o creature_n be_v capable_a of_o which_o from_o s._n austin_n he_o call_v dulia_n 386._o as_o the_o former_a latria_n the_o whole_a strength_n of_o t._n g_n defence_n as_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o saint_n and_o angel_n lie_v in_o this_o single_a distinction_n which_o i_o shall_v therefore_o the_o 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to_o make_v use_n of_o such_o argument_n against_o image-worship_n which_o do_v not_o suppose_v any_o opinion_n of_o similitude_n between_o god_n and_o the_o image_n as_o the_o incongruity_n of_o image_n to_o the_o divine_a power_n perfection_n and_o presence_n 3._o why_o do_v he_o call_v upon_o they_o so_o earnest_o to_o repent_v be_v it_o only_o of_o a_o erroneus_fw-la conceit_n and_o that_o of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o the_o argument_n make_v use_v of_o by_o he_o to_o move_v they_o to_o repentance_n be_v rather_o apt_a to_o confirm_v they_o in_o that_o opinion_n viz._n that_o god_n will_v judge_v the_o world_n by_o that_o man_n who_o he_o have_v appoint_v if_o a_o man_n be_v appoint_v to_o judge_v the_o world_n the_o management_n of_o which_o must_v imply_v infinite_a wisdom_n and_o power_n what_o absurdity_n may_v they_o say_v be_v it_o in_o we_o to_o suppose_v the_o image_n of_o man_n to_o represent_v god_n as_o he_o be_v the_o object_n of_o worship_n for_o if_o the_o humane_a 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et_fw-la deus_fw-la humana_fw-la lustro_fw-la sub_fw-la imagine_v terras_fw-la and_o those_o of_o catullus_n praesentes_fw-la namque_fw-la ante_fw-la domos_fw-la invisere_fw-la castas_fw-la saepius_fw-la &_o sese_fw-la mortali_fw-la ostendere_fw-la coetu_fw-la coelicolae_fw-la nondum_fw-la spreta_fw-la pielate_fw-la solebant_fw-la and_o he_o show_v that_o the_o fiction_n of_o homer_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o poet_n as_o to_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o god_n in_o humane_a shape_n have_v their_o true_a original_a from_o hence_o that_o god_n do_v at_o first_o assume_v the_o nature_n of_o man_n according_a to_o which_o man_n be_v say_v to_o be_v frame_v after_o the_o image_n and_o similitude_n of_o god_n but_o s._n paul_n although_o he_o assert_v the_o incarnation_n of_o christ_n yet_o derive_v the_o argument_n against_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n by_o image_n from_o the_o consideration_n proper_a to_o the_o divinity_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o think_v that_o the_o godhead_n be_v like_a to_o gold_n etc._n etc._n do_v thereby_o teach_v we_o that_o that_o which_o be_v disagree_v to_o the_o divine_a nature_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o worship_n can_v be_v a_o proper_a mean_n for_o we_o to_o worship_n god_n by_o so_o that_o although_o the_o image_n make_v by_o man_n only_o represent_v the_o humane_a nature_n assume_v by_o the_o divine_a yet_o because_o the_o godhead_n be_v not_o like_a unto_o they_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o worship_n god_n by_o they_o for_o otherwise_o the_o athenian_n be_v mere_a blockhead_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o worship_v the_o divine_a nature_n of_o christ_n before_o a_o image_n of_o his_o humane_a and_o to_o give_v the_o same_o worship_n to_o one_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o other_o that_o they_o do_v not_o deny_v s._n paul_n consequence_n for_o what_o if_o the_o godhead_n be_v not_o like_a to_o our_o image_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o we_o may_v not_o give_v they_o divine_a worship_n as_o long_o as_o god_n have_v 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infinite_a and_o invisible_a nature_n be_v folly_n and_o madness_n but_o to_o make_v image_n of_o he_o according_a to_o his_o several_a appearance_n for_o the_o good_a of_o mankind_n in_o the_o likeness_n of_o man_n be_v no_o disparagement_n to_o the_o deity_n nor_o to_o be_v worship_v by_o such_o a_o image_n let_v t.g._n therefore_o either_o say_v that_o s._n paul_n argue_v inconsequent_o or_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o force_n of_o his_o argument_n do_v hold_v against_o the_o worship_n of_o any_o representation_n of_o god_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a to_o any_o man_n that_o have_v any_o use_n of_o his_o sense_n that_o s._n paul_n do_v not_o argue_v against_o any_o mere_a erroneous_a conceit_n of_o the_o athenian_n but_o against_o their_o idolatrous_a worship_n which_o he_o first_o show_v to_o be_v unreasonable_a by_o many_o argument_n and_o then_o tell_v they_o god_n now_o command_v they_o to_o repent_v and_o add_v the_o most_o forcible_a motive_n to_o persuade_v they_o to_o it_o from_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o future_a judgement_n but_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o do_v with_o t.g._n about_o this_o place_n 348._o be_v it_o not_o t._n g._n that_o when_o he_o fix_v his_o foot_n as_o he_o say_v and_o deliberate_o inquire_v what_o the_o supreme_a god_n of_o the_o heathen_n be_v tell_v we_o in_o plain_a term_n it_o be_v the_o devil_n 390._o and_o a_o arch-devil_n and_o this_o he_o do_v he_o say_v for_o god_n sake_n say_v he_o so_o indeed_o and_o be_v this_o unknown_a god_n at_o athens_n who_o they_o ignorant_o worship_v and_o s._n paul_n declare_v the_o devil_n and_o a_o arch-devil_n no_o for_o here_o he_o grant_v that_o the_o athenian_n think_v the_o divinity_n to_o be_v like_o their_o image_n what_o divinity_n do_v he_o mean_a sure_o not_o the_o divinity_n of_o a_o arch-devil_n but_o i_o see_v those_o that_o believe_v transubstantiation_n be_v capable_a of_o speak_v as_o well_o as_o believe_a contradiction_n yet_o it_o be_v possible_a t._n g._n may_v imagine_v that_o the_o athenian_n mean_v one_o divinity_n and_o s._n paul_n another_o so_o some_o say_v s._n paul_n play_v the_o sophister_n with_o the_o athenian_n and_o when_o the_o true_a inscription_n be_v to_o the_o unknown_a god_n he_o because_o it_o serve_v better_a to_o his_o purpose_n read_v it_o in_o the_o singular_a number_n to_o the_o unknown_a god_n but_o as_o cajetan_n wise_o answer_v loc_n the_o authority_n of_o s._n paul_n affirm_v there_o be_v such_o a_o inscription_n aught_o to_o be_v value_v above_o those_o who_o deny_v it_o and_o say_v he_o if_o there_o have_v not_o be_v any_o such_o the_o athenian_n who_o be_v by_o may_v present_o have_v charge_v s._n paul_n with_o falsehood_n in_o say_v he_o meet_v with_o a_o inscription_n to_o the_o unknown_a god_n when_o there_o be_v none_o such_o among_o they_o lorinus_n show_v from_o several_a testimony_n of_o s._n austin_n
scholiast_n say_v that_o it_o be_v plain_a s._n paul_n strike_v at_o the_o wise_a man_n among_o the_o greek_n and_o those_o who_o be_v like_o they_o origen_n say_v he_o speak_v of_o some_o of_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o greece_n by_o these_o and_o many_o more_o testimony_n if_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o heap_v they_o in_o so_o clear_a a_o case_n it_o appear_v sufficient_o that_o this_o be_v no_o evasion_n of_o i_o but_o the_o natural_a sense_n which_o their_o own_o commentator_n and_o the_o father_n agree_v in_o 2._o as_o to_o what_o the_o apostle_n affirm_v of_o they_o viz._n that_o they_o hold_v the_o truth_n in_o unrighteousness_n v_o 18._o i._n e._n say_v the_o greek_a scholiast_n that_o they_o give_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n to_o idol_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n be_v truth_n and_o the_o deceitfulness_n of_o idol_n be_v unrighteousness_n hear_v say_v theophylact_v what_o it_o be_v to_o detain_v the_o truth_n in_o unrighteousness_n the_o truth_n or_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n be_v natural_o put_v into_o all_o man_n mind_n from_o the_o beginning_n this_o knowledge_n or_o truth_n the_o greek_n hold_v in_o unrighteousness_n i._n e._n they_o do_v all_o the_o injury_n to_o it_o they_o can_v by_o give_v the_o glory_n of_o god_n to_o idol_n and_o both_o herein_o follow_v s._n chrysostom_n who_o say_v they_o do_v it_o by_o give_v the_o glory_n of_o god_n to_o wood_n and_o stone_n this_o the_o apostle_n afterward_o enlarge_v upon_o when_o he_o say_v that_o know_v god_n they_o do_v not_o glorify_v he_o as_o god_n neither_o be_v thankful_a but_o become_v vain_a in_o their_o imagination_n and_o their_o foolish_a heart_n be_v darken_v profess_v themselves_o to_o be_v wise_a they_o become_v fool_n and_o change_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o incorruptible_a god_n into_o a_o image_n make_v like_a to_o corruptible_a man_n and_o to_o bird_n and_o fourfooted_a beast_n and_o creep_a thing_n and_o for_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o charge_n i_o be_o content_a to_o appeal_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o most_o allow_a interpreter_n on_o both_o side_n that_o hat_n have_v not_o be_v party_n in_o the_o quarrel_n they_o think_v themselves_o wise_a say_v s._n hierom_n or_o the_o author_n of_o the_o commentary_n under_o his_o name_n as_o those_o that_o have_v find_v out_o quomodo_fw-la invisibilis_fw-la deus_fw-la per_fw-la simulachrum_fw-la visibile_fw-la coleretur_fw-la how_o a_o invisible_a god_n may_v be_v worship_v by_o a_o visible_a representation_n which_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o simulachrum_fw-la there_o for_o he_o suppose_v the_o worship_n to_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o invisible_a god_n through_o the_o image_n and_o therefore_o the_o image_n can_v not_o be_v take_v either_o for_o god_n or_o a_o representation_n of_o a_o false_a god_n so_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a to_o use_v t._n g_n word_n according_a to_o s._n hierom_n than_o that_o t._n g._n profess_v to_o be_v wise_a do_v thereby_o discover_v his_o folly_n when_o he_o say_v that_o s._n paul_n speak_v of_o those_o who_o take_v the_o image_n themselves_o for_o god_n or_o worship_v the_o image_n of_o false_a go_n and_o the_o philosopher_n profess_v to_o be_v wise_a do_v become_v fool_n because_o say_v s._n hierom_n they_o do_v not_o understand_v that_o what_o be_v mortal_a and_o corruptible_a can_v have_v no_o resemblance_n to_o what_o be_v immortal_a and_o eternal_a the_o greek_a scholiast_n say_v they_o become_v vain_a in_o their_o imagination_n when_o they_o will_v represent_v he_o in_o a_o figure_n that_o have_v none_o and_o comprehend_v he_o in_o corporeal_a image_n that_o be_v whole_o spiritual_a not_o as_o though_o they_o be_v such_o fool_n to_o think_v to_o shut_v up_o infinity_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o image_n but_o to_o comprehend_v there_o be_v take_v with_o relation_n to_o that_o representation_n which_o convey_v a_o thing_n to_o the_o mind_n and_o so_o he_o use_v it_o a_o little_a after_o they_o think_v themselves_o wise_a because_o they_o think_v they_o can_v comprehend_v every_o thing_n and_o so_o the_o image_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v such_o a_o species_n as_o do_v convey_v a_o intellectual_a be_v to_o the_o mind_n the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v by_o theophylact_fw-mi which_o they_o both_o borrow_v from_o s._n chrysostom_n who_o condemn_v the_o greek_n for_o their_o folly_n not_o for_o comprehend_v but_o for_o seek_v a_o spiritual_a and_o incorporeal_a be_v in_o corporeal_a image_n and_o what_o can_v be_v more_o foolish_a say_v the_o scholiast_n and_o theophylact_fw-mi than_o to_o fall_v down_o before_o stock_n and_o stone_n and_o origen_n do_v express_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o apostle_n in_o this_o place_n as_o full_o as_o i_o can_v desire_v when_o he_o apply_v all_o these_o expression_n to_o those_o that_o have_v a_o right_a notion_n and_o conception_n of_o god_n in_o their_o mind_n but_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o all_o sort_n of_o image_n as_o well_o of_o beast_n 277._o as_o of_o man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o in_o truth_n the_o apostle_n supposition_n be_v allow_v that_o these_o philosopher_n do_v know_v the_o true_a god_n and_o his_o eternal_a power_n and_o godhead_n we_o must_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v turn_v stark_o stare_a fool_n that_o shall_v take_v the_o image_n either_o of_o man_n or_o beast_n to_o be_v god_n but_o it_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o philosopher_n practice_n and_o opinion_n to_o give_v external_a worship_n to_o these_o image_n when_o they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n do_v direct_v that_o external_a worship_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o invisible_a deity_n but_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o and_o the_o former_a place_n will_v be_v make_v more_o evident_a by_o a_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o controversy_n about_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n between_o the_o christian_n and_o heathen_n 5._o 1._o whether_o it_o be_v that_o the_o heathen_n take_v their_o image_n for_o proper_a likeness_n of_o the_o deity_n or_o 2._o that_o they_o worship_v only_o the_o image_n of_o false_a god_n or_o that_o they_o take_v their_o image_n themselves_o for_o god_n and_o if_o the_o controversy_n do_v not_o whole_o relate_v to_o these_o thing_n than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o that_o between_o we_o and_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n i_o shall_v therefore_o show_v 1._o that_o the_o wise_a heathen_n concern_v who_o the_o dispute_n be_v do_v not_o suppose_v their_o image_n to_o be_v proper_a likeness_n of_o their_o go_n which_o i_o prove_v 1._o from_o the_o nature_n and_o kind_n of_o their_o image_n 2._o from_o the_o notion_n they_o have_v of_o their_o go_n 1._o from_o the_o nature_n and_o kind_n of_o their_o image_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o image_n which_o be_v worship_v among_o the_o heathen_n 1._o such_o as_o have_v no_o artificial_a shape_n or_o figure_n 2._o such_o as_o have_v a_o artificial_a shape_n but_o it_o be_v of_o no_o real_a be_v 3._o such_o as_o have_v the_o shape_n either_o of_o man_n or_o beast_n of_o the_o two_o first_o and_o those_o of_o beast_n i_o suppose_v no_o man_n profess_v himself_o to_o be_v wise_a will_v show_v himself_o such_o a_o fool_n to_o say_v that_o the_o heathen_n think_v their_o god_n to_o be_v like_o they_o my_o business_n therefore_o as_o to_o they_o be_v to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v such_o among_o they_o to_o which_o they_o do_v give_v divine_a worship_n 1._o for_o image_n without_o any_o artificial_a shape_n or_o figure_n by_o image_n here_o i_o mean_v some_o external_a visible_a thing_n which_o be_v design_v to_o represent_v some_o other_o thing_n to_o our_o mind_n so_o tully_n call_v character_n verborum_fw-la imagine_v and_o the_o countenance_n imaginem_fw-la animi_fw-la in_o which_o no_o exact_a resemblance_n can_v be_v understand_v but_o some_o thing_n which_o be_v intend_v to_o represent_v another_o thing_n to_o we_o which_o do_v not_o depend_v on_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n but_o the_o arbitrary_a institution_n of_o man_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o note_n and_o character_n of_o tyro_n and_o seneca_n of_o which_o no_o account_n can_v be_v give_v why_o they_o represent_v one_o thing_n rather_o than_o another_o but_o only_o the_o will_n of_o the_o maker_n of_o they_o thus_o if_o man_n agree_v that_o a_o spear_n a_o cymiter_n a_o trunk_n a_o mountain_n a_o rude_a stone_n or_o a_o pyramid_n shall_v be_v set_v up_o to_o represent_v the_o deity_n to_o they_o which_o they_o worship_v every_o one_o of_o these_o do_v thereby_o become_v the_o image_n of_o that_o deity_n herodotus_n solinus_n clemens_n alexandrinus_n arnobius_n and_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n 31._o all_o agree_v that_o the_o ancient_a scythian_n have_v no_o other_o image_n of_o a_o deity_n among_o they_o but_o only_o a_o scythian_a sword_n
of_o idolatry_n against_o this_o practice_n the_o second_o council_n of_o arles_n have_v a_o canon_n against_o the_o bishop_n 23._o who_o suffer_v any_o such_o tree_n or_o stone_n to_o remain_v in_o their_o diocese_n the_o same_o have_v the_o council_n of_o braga_n against_o presbyter_n 22._o the_o second_o council_n of_o tours_n charge_v the_o priest_n to_o excommunicate_v those_o who_o do_v these_o thing_n 51._o le_fw-fr cointe_n by_o the_o stone_n understand_v the_o boundary_n at_o which_o the_o heathen_n do_v celebrate_v the_o terminalia_fw-la but_o without_o any_o bloody_a sacrifice_n as_o he_o prove_v from_o dionys._n halicarnassaeus_n and_o plutarch_n the_o synod_n of_o auxerre_n forbid_v christian_n pay_v their_o vow_n either_o before_o holy_a tree_n 3._o or_o at_o fountain_n the_o council_n of_o nantes_n command_v the_o cut_n down_o all_o such_o tree_n 20._o and_o cast_v away_o the_o stone_n and_o that_o all_o people_n be_v tell_v what_o a_o dreadful_a sin_n idolatry_n be_v and_o that_o he_o that_o worship_v tree_n and_o stone_n deny_v god_n and_o renounce_v his_o christianity_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o to_o that_o purpose_n and_o yet_o all_o this_o while_n these_o man_n pretend_v to_o be_v christian_n and_o to_o direct_v the_o intention_n of_o their_o worship_n aright_o which_o i_o beseech_v t._n g._n to_o observe_v for_o all_o the_o fault_n the_o council_n find_v with_o they_o be_v that_o they_o do_v those_o thing_n before_o tree_n and_o stone_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v only_o in_o the_o church_n viz._n make_v their_o oblation_n and_o say_v their_o prayer_n and_o in_o the_o canon_n of_o eligius_n 36._o this_o be_v one_o nullus_fw-la christianus_n ad_fw-la fana_fw-la vel_fw-la ad_fw-la petras_n vel_fw-la ad_fw-la fontes_n vel_fw-la ad_fw-la arbores_n aut_fw-la ad_fw-la cellos_n vel_fw-la per_fw-la trivia_fw-la luminaria_fw-la faciat_fw-la aut_fw-la vota_fw-la reddere_fw-la praesumat_fw-la where_o we_o see_v these_o canon_n do_v respect_n christian_n and_o not_o infidel_n and_o several_a of_o they_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o collection_n of_o canon_n by_o burchardus_fw-la and_o regino_n 3â—8_n now_o i_o desire_v to_o be_v resolve_v by_o t._n g._n why_o it_o be_v not_o as_o lawful_a to_o say_v one_o prayer_n in_o a_o consecrate_a grove_n or_o at_o a_o fountain_n or_o before_o a_o stone_n or_o pillar_n as_o before_o a_o consecrate_a image_n have_v god_n only_o forbid_v grove_n and_o statue_n to_o be_v worship_v and_o not_o image_n at_o all_o nay_o one_o will_v think_v that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o have_v forbid_v the_o one_o he_o have_v command_v the_o other_o when_o we_o see_v how_o scrupulous_a these_o father_n be_v in_o the_o former_a and_o how_o much_o the_o practice_n of_o devotion_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n where_o it_o be_v open_o and_o public_o allow_v consist_v in_o the_o other_o sure_o a_o man_n be_v not_o more_o apt_a to_o think_v god_n to_o be_v like_o a_o tree_n or_o a_o stone_n than_o to_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n and_o if_o this_o argument_n of_o similitude_n signify_v any_o thing_n it_o tend_v to_o justify_v these_o practice_n condemn_v by_o so_o many_o council_n and_o to_o condemn_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n in_o the_o likeness_n of_o man_n which_o t._n g._n endeavour_n to_o justify_v and_o to_o let_v we_o see_v how_o general_a this_o kind_n of_o worship_n be_v among_o the_o heathen_a idolater_n i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o discourse_n with_o a_o double_a testimony_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o one_o of_o dio_n chrysostome_n 12._o who_o say_v the_o generality_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n call_v mountain_n tree_n and_o stone_n by_o the_o name_n of_o god_n i._n e._n as_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n do_v their_o image_n to_o which_o they_o give_v divine_a worship_n the_o other_o of_o acosta_n 5._o who_o say_v the_o indian_n worship_v rivers_n fountain_n rock_n or_o great_a stone_n hill_n and_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n which_o they_o call_v apachita_n and_o all_o thing_n in_o nature_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v something_o extraordinary_a in_o they_o 2._o the_o heathen_n worship_v such_o image_n as_o have_v some_o shape_n and_o figure_n 7._o but_o it_o be_v not_o of_o any_o real_a be_v but_o only_o imaginary_a this_o i_o have_v so_o little_a reason_n to_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v against_o t._n g._n that_o he_o desire_v i_o 48._o to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o heathen_n as_o origen_n hom._n 8._o in_o exod._n 20._o and_o theodoret_n q._n 38._o in_o exod._n tell_v we_o when_o they_o expound_v the_o second_o commandment_n have_v two_o sort_n of_o image_n some_o of_o which_o be_v pure_o figment_n or_o fiction_n of_o their_o own_o brain_n make_v to_o represent_v what_o have_v no_o existence_n but_o in_o their_o own_o imagination_n as_o sphinx_n triton_n centaur_n and_o the_o like_a and_o other_o which_o be_v make_v to_o represent_v such_o thing_n as_o have_v a_o real_a and_o substantial_a be_v in_o the_o world_n as_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n etc._n etc._n which_o they_o esteem_v and_o worship_v as_o go_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v whether_o the_o idol_n forbid_v in_o the_o second_o commandment_n be_v only_o such_o representation_n nor_o whither_o sphinx_n and_o centaur_n be_v such_o imaginary_a being_n for_o about_o the_o latter_a s._n hierom_n be_v uncertain_a froben_n and_o a_o sphinx_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o aethiopian_a ape_n such_o as_o philostorgius_n say_v himself_o see_v 2._o but_o that_o which_o i_o insist_v upon_o in_o this_o place_n be_v that_o this_o sort_n of_o image_n be_v not_o certain_o unlawful_a on_o the_o account_n of_o similitude_n to_o the_o deity_n and_o those_o who_o think_v so_o be_v not_o idolater_n but_o atheist_n for_o than_o they_o think_v that_o to_o be_v like_o god_n which_o be_v like_a to_o nothing_o and_o if_o the_o athenian_n have_v any_o such_o as_o these_o as_o they_o be_v as_o good_a at_o chimaera_n as_o other_o people_n s._n paul_n argument_n will_v not_o reach_v to_o they_o and_o it_o seem_v s._n paul_n mistake_v his_o point_n for_o he_o good_a man_n think_v he_o have_v be_v talk_v against_o idolatry_n at_o athens_n but_o it_o be_v no_o such_o matter_n for_o say_v t._n g._n he_o talk_v against_o such_o image_n as_o be_v proper_a likeness_n and_o representation_n of_o the_o divinity_n now_o the_o divinity_n certain_o be_v a_o real_a be_v and_o idolatry_n be_v the_o worship_n of_o idol_n but_o a_o idol_n say_v t._n g._n be_v a_o representation_n of_o a_o imaginary_a be_v therefore_o those_o image_n s._n paul_n speak_v against_o at_o athens_n be_v no_o idol_n and_o consequent_o s._n paul_n do_v not_o prove_v the_o athenian_n guilty_a of_o idolatry_n but_o of_o these_o thing_n more_o at_o large_a when_o i_o come_v to_o the_o second_o commandment_n 3._o they_o have_v artificial_a image_n of_o real_a being_n in_o the_o likeness_n of_o men._n 8._o and_o i_o shall_v now_o show_v that_o even_o these_o image_n be_v not_o set_v up_o or_o worship_v among_o the_o heathen_n because_o they_o suppose_v the_o god_n to_o be_v like_o they_o for_o which_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o shall_v produce_v this_o remarkable_a testimony_n of_o cicero_n where_o he_o answer_v the_o epicurean_a argument_n for_o the_o god_n be_v of_o humane_a form_n because_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o represent_v they_o so_o quis_fw-la tam_fw-la caecus_fw-la say_v he_o 27._o in_o contemplandis_fw-la rebus_fw-la unquam_fw-la fuit_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la videret_fw-la species_n istas_fw-la hominum_fw-la collatas_fw-la in_o deos_fw-la aut_fw-la consilio_fw-la quodam_fw-la sapientum_fw-la quo_fw-la facilius_fw-la animos_fw-la imperitorum_fw-la ad_fw-la deorum_fw-la cultum_fw-la à _fw-la aquavitae_fw-la pravitate_fw-la converterent_fw-la aut_fw-la superstitione_n ut_fw-la essent_fw-la simulachra_fw-la quae_fw-la venerantes_fw-la deos_fw-la ipsos_fw-la se_fw-la adire_fw-la crederent_fw-la who_o be_v there_o ever_o so_o blind_a in_o the_o judgement_n of_o thing_n as_o not_o to_o see_v that_o the_o figure_n of_o man_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o god_n either_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o wise_a man_n the_o easy_a to_o draw_v rude_a and_o wicked_a people_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o or_o out_o of_o superstition_n that_o when_o they_o worship_v their_o image_n they_o may_v believe_v they_o approach_v to_o the_o god_n themselves_o where_o we_o observe_v that_o these_o word_n be_v bring_v to_o disprove_v the_o epicurean_a opinion_n of_o the_o god_n be_v like_a to_o man_n and_o he_o undertake_v to_o give_v a_o account_n how_o they_o come_v to_o be_v represent_v in_o humane_a shape_n although_o they_o be_v not_o like_a to_o it_o viz._n 1._o to_o make_v the_o notion_n of_o god_n more_o familiar_a and_o easy_a to_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a people_n that_o know_v not_o how_o to_o conceive_v of_o he_o and_o therefore_o neglect_v his_o worship_n which_o be_v all_o one_o with_o make_v they_o book_n for_o the_o ignorant_a laity_n 2._o
detest_v that_o opinion_n 4._o and_o call_v the_o god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d without_o any_o corporeal_a figure_n or_o shape_n and_o therefore_o he_o propose_v the_o objection_n of_o a_o christian_a against_o he_o how_o it_o can_v then_o be_v proper_a to_o make_v any_o corporeal_a image_n of_o they_o why_o to_o that_o 537._o say_v julian_n i_o answer_v the_o image_n of_o the_o god_n be_v place_v by_o our_o ancestor_n as_o sign_n and_o symbol_n of_o their_o presence_n not_o that_o we_o shall_v believe_v they_o to_o be_v god_n but_o that_o we_o shall_v worship_v the_o god_n by_o give_v reverence_n to_o they_o for_o we_o live_v in_o the_o body_n ought_v to_o give_v they_o a_o worship_n suitable_a to_o our_o corporeal_a state_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o they_o be_v incorporeal_a so_o that_o julian_n do_v not_o look_v on_o image_n as_o the_o proper_a likeness_n of_o the_o god_n but_o as_o ancient_a and_o venerable_a symbol_n of_o their_o presence_n in_o which_o he_o say_v all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n be_v agree_v and_o in_o all_o age_n wherein_o he_o lash_v too_o far_o but_o that_o be_v at_o least_o but_o a_o venial_a sin_n to_o stretch_v a_o little_a for_o the_o sake_n of_o so_o good_a a_o cause_n and_o julian_n be_v not_o singular_a in_o this_o opinion_n of_o he_o of_o the_o fitness_n of_o corporeal_a image_n although_o the_o god_n be_v not_o like_o they_o for_o varro_n be_v of_o the_o same_o mind_n who_o give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o first_o design_n of_o make_v the_o image_n of_o the_o god_n like_v to_o man_n 5._o quorum_fw-la qui_fw-la simulachra_fw-la specie_fw-la hominis_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la hoc_fw-la videri_fw-la secutos_fw-la quod_fw-la mortalium_fw-la animus_n qui_fw-la est_fw-la in_o corpore_fw-la humano_fw-la simillimus_fw-la est_fw-la immortalis_fw-la animi_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v most_o like_a the_o deity_n and_o man_n make_v image_n like_v to_o their_o body_n just_a as_o if_o a_o wine-vessel_n be_v put_v in_o the_o temple_n of_o bacchus_n to_o represent_v he_o intend_v thereby_o to_o represent_v first_o the_o wine_n which_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o vessel_n and_o by_o the_o wine_n he_o that_o be_v the_o god_n of_o wine_n so_o say_v he_o by_o image_n of_o man_n shape_n they_o signify_v the_o soul_n contain_v within_o the_o body_n and_o by_o the_o soul_n they_o represent_v god_n as_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n viz._n the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n porphyry_n 7._o such_o another_o good_a catholic_n as_o julian_n be_v in_o this_o point_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o suppose_v any_o similitude_n between_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o man_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n but_o he_o give_v this_o account_n of_o represent_v the_o god_n in_o figure_n like_a to_o man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o make_v the_o god_n like_v to_o man_n because_o the_o divinity_n be_v a_o rational_a be_v and_o withal_o he_o say_v that_o many_o be_v wont_a to_o represent_v he_o by_o a_o black_a stone_n to_o show_v that_o he_o be_v invisible_a dio_fw-mi chrysostome_n at_o large_a debate_n the_o case_n about_o image_n in_o his_o olympic_a oration_n 199._o wherein_o he_o first_o show_v that_o all_o man_n have_v a_o natural_a apprehension_n of_o one_o supreme_a god_n the_o father_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o this_o god_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o statue_n make_v by_o phidias_n of_o jupiter_n olympius_n for_o so_o he_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d before_o who_o we_o now_o be_v and_o then_o describe_v he_o to_o be_v the_o king_n ruler_n and_o father_n of_o all_o both_o god_n and_o man_n this_o image_n he_o call_v the_o most_o bless_a the_o most_o excellent_a the_o most_o beautiful_a the_o most_o belove_a image_n of_o god_n 206._o he_o say_v there_o be_v four_o way_n of_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n by_o nature_n by_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o poet_n by_o the_o law_n and_o by_o image_n but_o neither_o poet_n 207._o nor_o lawgiver_n nor_o artificer_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o deity_n but_o only_o the_o philosopher_n who_o both_o understand_v and_o explain_v the_o divine_a nature_n most_o true_o and_o perfect_o after_o this_o he_o suppose_v phidias_n to_o be_v call_v to_o account_v for_o make_v such_o a_o image_n of_o god_n 209._o as_o unworthy_a of_o he_o when_o iphitus_n lycurgus_n and_o the_o old_a elean_n make_v none_o at_o all_o of_o he_o 210._o as_o be_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o man_n to_o express_v his_o nature_n to_o this_o phidias_n reply_n that_o no_o man_n can_v express_v mind_n and_o understanding_n by_o figure_n 211._o or_o colour_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v force_v to_o fly_v to_o that_o in_o which_o the_o soul_n inhabit_v and_o from_o thence_o they_o attribute_v the_o seat_n of_o wisdom_n and_o reason_n to_o god_n have_v nothing_o better_a to_o represent_v he_o by_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n join_v power_n and_o art_n together_o they_o endeavour_v by_o something_o which_o may_v be_v see_v and_o paint_v to_o represent_v that_o which_o be_v invisible_a and_o inexpressible_a but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v we_o have_v better_a than_o have_v no_o image_n or_o representation_n of_o he_o at_o all_o no_o say_v he_o for_o mankind_n do_v not_o love_n to_o worship_n god_n at_o a_o distance_n but_o to_o come_v near_o and_o feel_v he_o and_o with_o assurance_n to_o sacrifice_v to_o he_o and_o crown_v he_o like_a child_n new_o wean_v from_o their_o parent_n who_o put_v out_o their_o hand_n towards_o they_o in_o their_o dream_n as_o if_o they_o be_v still_o present_a so_o do_v man_n out_o of_o the_o sense_n of_o god_n goodness_n and_o their_o relation_n to_o he_o love_v to_o have_v he_o represent_v as_o present_v with_o they_o and_o so_o to_o converse_v with_o he_o thence_o have_v come_v all_o the_o representation_n of_o god_n among_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n in_o mountain_n and_o tree_n and_o stone_n but_o if_o the_o quarrel_n be_v that_o i_o have_v give_v a_o humane_a shape_n to_o he_o for_o that_o say_v he_o the_o poet_n be_v much_o more_o to_o blame_v who_o begin_v those_o thing_n especial_o homer_n who_o compare_v agamemnon_n to_o god_n in_o his_o head_n and_o eye_n but_o for_o my_o statue_n no_o man_n that_o be_v not_o mad_a will_v compare_v it_o to_o a_o mortal_a man_n much_o less_o to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o so_o dio_n proceed_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o eloquence_n to_o show_v how_o the_o representation_n of_o god_n by_o his_o image_n be_v more_o decent_a and_o become_a god_n than_o that_o which_o the_o poet_n have_v make_v of_o he_o and_o how_o he_o have_v endeavour_v by_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o skill_n to_o represent_v the_o perfection_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n in_o the_o admirable_a workmanship_n of_o his_o statue_n as_o to_o his_o power_n greatness_n and_o good_a will_n to_o mankind_n and_o conclude_v all_o with_o say_v that_o as_o to_o his_o workmanship_n he_o think_v he_o have_v go_v beyond_o all_o other_o but_o yet_o no_o workmanship_n can_v be_v compare_v to_o the_o god_n that_o make_v the_o whole_a world_n thus_o we_o see_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o these_o very_a considerable_a author_n the_o wise_a heathen_n have_v no_o such_o foolish_a imagination_n as_o t._n g._n suppose_v they_o to_o be_v possess_v with_o viz._n that_o the_o image_n of_o the_o deity_n which_o they_o worship_v be_v the_o proper_a likeness_n of_o he_o and_o if_o t._n g's_o light_n of_o nature_n and_o common_a sense_n do_v sufficient_o decide_v this_o controversy_n it_o be_v very_o plain_a on_o which_o side_n the_o balance_n incline_v viz._n towards_o paganism_n against_o christianity_n macrobius_n say_v 2._o that_o ancient_o they_o make_v no_o image_n at_o all_o of_o the_o supreme_a god_n as_o be_v above_o any_o representation_n but_o they_o make_v image_n of_o the_o inferior_a god_n although_o they_o be_v formarum_fw-la talium_fw-la prorsus_fw-la alieni_fw-la in_o nothing_o like_o to_o they_o the_o former_a clause_n in_o macrobius_n must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n before_o the_o age_n of_o phidias_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o forego_n passage_n and_o yet_o porphyry_n say_v 11._o that_o the_o egyptian_n be_v wont_a to_o represent_v the_o creator_n who_o they_o call_v cneph_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o man_n of_o a_o dark_a blue_a colour_n hold_v a_o girdle_n and_o a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o hand_n out_o of_o whole_a mouth_n come_v a_o egg_n by_o which_o they_o represent_v the_o world_n as_o his_o production_n not_o much_o unlike_a to_o this_o be_v the_o image_n of_o the_o creator_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o meaco_n in_o japan_n which_o be_v all_o over_o black_a with_o a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o they_o likewise_o represent_v the_o world_n
by_o a_o egg_n as_o arnoldus_fw-la montanus_n observe_v 279._o in_o the_o itinerary_n of_o alexander_n geraldinus_fw-la to_o those_o part_n of_o africa_n under_o the_o aequinoctial_a which_o be_v write_v by_o he_o to_o the_o pope_n when_o he_o be_v bishop_n of_o s._n domingo_n in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o the_o religion_n of_o those_o part_n which_o be_v far_o more_o particular_a than_o be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o elsewhere_o he_o describe_v several_a image_n of_o the_o great_a god_n which_o be_v in_o mighty_a veneration_n among_o they_o as_o in_o bassiana_n the_o king_n with_o all_o his_o people_n do_v worship_n the_o god_n of_o nature_n in_o a_o image_n of_o marble_n set_v upon_o a_o high_a throne_n 68_o hold_v the_o sun_n in_o his_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o moon_n in_o his_o left_a and_o the_o other_o star_n on_o either_o side_n of_o he_o and_o wherever_o the_o king_n travel_v he_o carry_v such_o a_o image_n along_o with_o he_o and_o pray_v five_o time_n a_o day_n prostrate_a before_o it_o in_o demnasea_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o wall_n be_v place_v the_o image_n of_o god_n hold_v all_o thing_n 171._o before_o which_o the_o people_n be_v bind_v to_o pray_v every_o morning_n 168._o in_o ammosenna_n they_o represent_v the_o god_n of_o heaven_n by_o four_o head_n come_v out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o a_o lynx_n look_v towards_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n to_o represent_v his_o omnisciency_n and_o omnipresence_n who_o they_o call_v orissa_n 131._o in_o logonsennea_n the_o god_n of_o nature_n be_v paint_v in_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n and_o all_o other_o image_n of_o he_o condemn_v now_o if_o t._n g._n be_v send_v on_o a_o mission_n into_o any_o of_o those_o part_n where_o god_n be_v worship_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n i_o have_v a_o great_a desire_n to_o understand_v what_o his_o opinion_n will_v be_v concern_v this_o kind_n of_o worship_n whether_o it_o be_v idolatry_n or_o no_o if_o not_o they_o may_v still_o continue_v in_o it_o and_o be_v save_v as_o far_o as_o man_n can_v be_v save_v by_o the_o mere_a light_n of_o nature_n which_o herein_o t._n g._n think_v they_o follow_v exact_o for_o they_o honour_n god_n by_o worship_v his_o image_n if_o it_o be_v idolatry_n how_o come_v it_o to_o be_v so_o for_o this_o be_v neither_o the_o representation_n of_o some_o pigment_n but_o of_o a_o real_a be_v nor_o be_v it_o of_o some_o real_a thing_n false_o take_v to_o be_v god_n which_o be_v his_o large_a notion_n of_o a_o idol_n but_o it_o be_v look_v on_o only_o as_o the_o image_n of_o the_o true_a god_n and_o that_o not_o as_o a_o proper_a likeness_n but_o by_o analogical_a representation_n and_o consequent_o according_a to_o t._n g._n be_v no_o disparagement_n to_o the_o deity_n 49._o but_o whatever_o t._n g's_o opinion_n in_o this_o case_n be_v 9_o the_o father_n when_o they_o discourse_v against_o the_o heathen_a idolatry_n make_v use_v of_o such_o argument_n which_o hold_v against_o such_o image_n and_o representation_n as_o these_o and_o that_o upon_o these_o two_o weighty_a consideration_n 1._o because_o such_o a_o representation_n of_o god_n be_v unsuitable_a to_o his_o nature_n 2._o because_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o his_o will._n 1._o because_o such_o a_o representation_n of_o god_n be_v unsuitable_a to_o his_o nature_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v clemens_n alexandrinus_n 559._o a_o visible_a representation_n of_o the_o deity_n lessen_v his_o majesty_n and_o it_o be_v a_o disparagement_n to_o a_o intellectual_a be_v to_o worship_v he_o by_o sensible_a matter_n therefore_o say_v he_o 584._o moses_n forbid_v any_o image_n to_o be_v make_v of_o god_n that_o we_o may_v ascend_v above_o sensible_a thing_n and_o thereby_o declare_v god_n to_o be_v invisible_a and_o incomprehensible_a and_o from_o hence_o zeno_n the_o stoic_a say_v no_o workmanship_n of_o man_n can_v be_v worthy_a of_o god_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v 304._o the_o reason_n why_o numa_n forbid_v any_o image_n of_o god_n like_v to_o man_n or_o any_o live_a creature_n be_v because_o the_o most_o excellent_a be_v can_v be_v represent_v only_o to_o our_o mind_n and_o that_o antisthenes_n learn_v that_o from_o socrates_n that_o god_n be_v like_a to_o no_o representation_n we_o can_v make_v of_o he_o 46._o and_o therefore_o no_o man_n can_v learn_v any_o thing_n of_o he_o from_o a_o image_n and_o xenophon_n that_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o god_n be_v great_a and_o powerful_a but_o we_o know_v not_o how_o to_o make_v any_o thing_n like_o he_o be_v it_o possible_a then_o that_o such_o athenian_n as_o these_o shall_v look_v on_o any_o image_n as_o the_o proper_a likeness_n of_o god_n these_o wise_a heathen_n t._n g._n confess_v 74._o do_v mean_a that_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n be_v spiritual_a and_o invisible_a it_o can_v not_o be_v represent_v by_o any_o thing_n like_o unto_o it_o and_o yet_o these_o be_v athenian_a philosopher_n as_o well_o as_o those_o who_o he_o say_v s._n paul_n condemn_v for_o suppose_v their_o image_n to_o be_v proper_a likeness_n and_o representation_n of_o the_o divinity_n 96._o but_o t._n g._n suppose_n that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n be_v a_o disparagement_n to_o the_o deity_n and_o incongruous_a to_o the_o divine_a nature_n be_v because_o the_o people_n give_v worship_n to_o they_o as_o god_n or_o like_v unto_o the_o god_n they_o worship_v whereas_o i_o have_v now_o plain_o show_v that_o those_o who_o contend_v for_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n among_o they_o do_v neither_o look_n upon_o they_o as_o god_n nor_o like_v to_o their_o god_n but_o only_o as_o symbolical_a representation_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n and_o the_o father_n make_v use_v of_o this_o acknowledgement_n of_o they_o of_o the_o incongruity_n of_o image_n to_o the_o deity_n from_o thence_o to_o prove_v the_o incongruity_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o suppose_v the_o image_n to_o be_v like_o god_n which_o they_o condemn_v in_o they_o for_o none_o of_o their_o wise_a man_n be_v such_o fool_n but_o the_o make_n of_o such_o image_n and_o worship_v of_o they_o which_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v so_o infinite_o beneath_o the_o divine_a be_v do_v tend_v to_o the_o beget_n in_o man_n mind_n mean_v and_o unworthy_a thought_n of_o god_n and_o therefore_o they_o frequent_o insist_v upon_o this_o that_o man_n imagination_n be_v easy_o taint_v and_o corrupt_v by_o the_o daily_a representation_n of_o thing_n especial_o when_o they_o be_v propose_v as_o object_n of_o worship_n and_o however_o the_o very_a manner_n of_o worship_v a_o infinite_a and_o immaterial_a be_v by_o a_o gross_a and_o material_a representation_n be_v that_o which_o the_o father_n condemn_v as_o most_o unsuitable_a to_o the_o divine_a nature_n for_o this_o justin_n martyr_n say_v be_v not_o only_o unreasonable_a but_o it_o be_v do_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o the_o reproach_n of_o god_n 57_o who_o glory_n and_o form_n be_v inexpressible_a athenagoras_n say_v 14._o if_o god_n and_o matter_n be_v all_o one_o it_o be_v then_o reasonable_a to_o worship_n god_n by_o give_v worship_n to_o sensible_a matter_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o infinite_a distance_n between_o they_o why_o be_v we_o accuse_v for_o not_o do_v it_o and_o if_o we_o refuse_v to_o worship_v the_o workmanship_n of_o god_n viz._n the_o heaven_n and_o element_n 16._o why_o shall_v we_o do_v it_o to_o the_o workmanship_n of_o man_n origen_n look_v on_o this_o 120._o as_o one_o of_o the_o most_o peculiar_a character_n of_o the_o christian_a doctrine_n that_o it_o raise_v man_n mind_n above_o image_n and_o all_o worship_n of_o creature_n to_o the_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o thing_n the_o catechuman_n be_v instruct_v in_o to_o despise_v idol_n 375._o and_o all_o image_n he_o say_v it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o foolish_a thing_n to_o pray_v to_o image_n as_o heraclitus_n say_v but_o to_o seem_v to_o do_v it_o as_o the_o philosopher_n do_v if_o they_o be_v worship_v it_o must_v be_v either_o as_o god_n which_o celsus_n deny_v 376._o or_o as_o representation_n of_o god_n which_o can_v be_v because_o god_n be_v invisible_a and_o incorporeal_a and_o therefore_o he_o say_v 374._o that_o the_o christian_n will_v not_o endure_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n by_o image_n and_o although_o other_o nation_n do_v refuse_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n with_o who_o celsus_n parallel_v the_o christian_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o the_o christian_n do_v viz._n because_o they_o will_v not_o debase_v and_o draw_v down_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n towards_o matter_n so_o fashion_v and_o form_v lactantius_n show_v 2._o how_o unreasonable_a it_o be_v to_o worship_n god_n
more_o innocent_a than_o those_o which_o he_o call_v image_n for_o the_o one_o may_v bring_v man_n to_o erroneous_a conceit_n of_o the_o deity_n but_o the_o other_o be_v symbolical_a be_v not_o apt_a to_o do_v it_o plutarch_n say_v 355._o that_o when_o they_o represent_v mercury_n by_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n with_o the_o head_n of_o a_o dog_n they_o only_o intend_v thereby_o to_o represent_v care_n watchfulness_n and_o wisdom_n and_o that_o they_o represent_v osiris_n by_o a_o sceptre_n with_o a_o eye_n in_o it_o by_o a_o hawk_n and_o by_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o man_n now_o by_o osiris_n 371._o he_o tell_v we_o they_o mean_v the_o most_o powerful_a god_n and_o so_o do_v apuleius_n and_o tacitus_n say_v 4._o the_o same_o god_n which_o be_v call_v jove_n among_o other_o be_v call_v osiris_n by_o they_o these_o image_n and_o many_o other_o of_o very_o strange_a shape_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o very_a different_a form_n be_v suppose_v in_o the_o mensa_fw-la isiaca_n and_o the_o egyptian_a obelisk_n to_o represent_v the_o most_o true_a and_o perfect_a be_v in_o regard_n of_o his_o nature_n and_o production_n of_o thing_n 3._o as_o athanas._n kircher_n have_v endeavour_v at_o large_a to_o show_v if_o therefore_o the_o egyptian_n do_v make_v such_o symbolical_a figure_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o most_o real_a be_v and_o yet_o these_o image_n be_v idol_n proper_o so_o call_v than_o it_o follow_v that_o some_o representation_n of_o the_o true_a god_n be_v idol_n and_o condemn_v in_o the_o second_o commandment_n 3._o the_o scripture_n use_v the_o word_n idol_n for_o the_o representation_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v make_v the_o object_n of_o worship_n thus_o in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o lxx_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o teraphim_n of_o laban_n gen._n 31.19_o 34_o 35._o which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o humane_a shape_n not_o only_o from_o the_o general_a opinion_n of_o jewish_a writer_n but_o because_o of_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o teraphim_n for_o david_n 1_o sam._n 19.13_o the_o image_n of_o baal_n be_v call_v idol_n 2_o chron._n 17.3_o jer._n 9_o 13._o and_o what_o the_o lxx_o render_v 2_o king_n 11.18_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o image_n of_o baal_n in_o the_o parallel_n place_n 2_o chron._n 23.17_o they_o express_v by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o idol_n of_o baal_n whether_o by_o baal_n be_v understand_v the_o assyrian_a belus_n or_o the_o phoenician_n beel_n samen_fw-la i._n e._n whether_o a_o representation_n of_o a_o man_n or_o of_o the_o sun_n we_o be_v sure_o this_o be_v a_o image_n of_o a_o real_a be_v and_o yet_o the_o lxx_o call_v it_o a_o idol_n idol_n be_v join_v with_o molten_n god_n by_o the_o lxx_o levit._fw-la 19.4_o i_o e._n what_o ever_o image_n be_v set_v up_o for_o divine_a worship_n and_o all_o the_o god_n of_o the_o heathen_a be_v say_v to_o be_v idol_n 1_o chron._n 16.26_o but_o they_o be_v not_o all_o mere_a figment_n of_o man_n brain_n be_v either_o dead_a man_n that_o be_v worship_v as_o s._n hierome_n say_v 11._o by_o the_o idol_n of_o the_o heathen_n we_o understand_v imagine_v mortuorum_fw-la the_o representation_n of_o dead_a man_n or_o the_o work_n of_o the_o creation_n especial_o the_o heavenly_a body_n which_o be_v the_o most_o early_o and_o the_o most_o common_a idolatry_n of_o the_o eastern_a part_n and_o most_o frequent_o condemn_v in_o scripture_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o although_o they_o have_v real_a being_n yet_o their_o deity_n be_v fictitious_a i_o answer_v 1._o that_o be_v not_o to_o the_o purpose_n for_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o proper_a signification_n of_o a_o idol_n be_v the_o representation_n of_o mere_a imaginary_a being_n sphinx_n triton_n centaur_n but_o what_o a_o ridiculous_a answer_n be_v this_o to_o that_o question_n to_o say_v that_o although_o their_o be_v real_a yet_o their_o deity_n be_v fictitious_a for_o this_o be_v to_o grant_v that_o idol_n be_v not_o representation_n of_o imaginary_a being_n but_o of_o imaginary_a deity_n which_o i_o ready_o grant_v 2._o this_o will_v equal_o hold_v against_o all_o representation_n of_o create_a being_n that_n have_v divine_a worship_n give_v to_o they_o for_o by_o give_v they_o any_o part_n of_o divine_a worship_n they_o be_v so_o far_o make_v god_n but_o since_o they_o be_v not_o true_o so_o they_o be_v still_o but_o the_o representation_n of_o imaginary_a deity_n although_o they_o be_v of_o real_a saint_n or_o angel_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o scripture_n call_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nothing_o and_o vanity_n and_o s._n paul_n say_v that_o a_o idol_n be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n not_o because_o it_o represent_v that_o which_o be_v not_o but_o because_o neither_o the_o image_n nor_o the_o thing_n represent_v be_v any_o real_a deity_n 4._o the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o the_o idol_n express_o mention_v in_o scripture_n be_v the_o representation_n of_o real_a being_n not_o only_o that_o the_o thing_n have_v subsistence_n which_o be_v represent_v by_o they_o but_o that_o the_o very_a image_n be_v of_o some_o creature_n exist_v in_o the_o world_n lyra_n say_v 18._o that_o moloch_n be_v in_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o man_n and_o so_o benjamin_n tudelensis_n suppose_v emper_n when_o he_o say_v that_o two_o female_a image_n stand_v of_o either_o side_n of_o he_o kircher_n show_v hebraeorum_n from_o baal_n aruch_n that_o asima_n be_v worship_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o goat_n and_o from_o other_o jewish_a author_n that_o nibcas_n have_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o dog_n thartak_v of_o a_o ass_n adramelech_n of_o a_o mule_n and_o anamelech_n of_o a_o horse_n bel_n and_o nebo_n of_o serpent_n and_o beast_n succoth_n benoth_n of_o a_o hen_n and_o chicken_n astaroth_n of_o sheep_n will_n t._n g._n say_v that_o these_o be_v not_o idol_n because_o they_o be_v image_n of_o real_a being_n if_o he_o do_v he_o must_v excuse_v the_o gross_a idolatry_n condemn_v in_o scripture_n if_o he_o do_v not_o he_o must_v then_o confess_v that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o idol_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o scripture_n viz._n a_o representation_n of_o what_o have_v no_o existence_n but_o in_o the_o imagination_n as_o sphinx_n triton_n centaur_n and_o the_o like_a 3._o but_o t._n g._n will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o this_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o father_n 4._o for_o he_o quote_v origen_n and_o theodoret_n for_o this_o interpretation_n of_o the_o second_o commandment_n it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o origen_n have_v a_o great_a many_o of_o t._n g.'s_n idol_n in_o his_o head_n viz._n imagination_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v ill_o fix_v upon_o a_o interpretation_n of_o scripture_n of_o which_o he_o be_v the_o first_o author_n but_o i_o have_v prove_v at_o large_a from_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o father_n in_o charge_v the_o arian_n with_o idolatry_n and_o the_o gnostic_n in_o worship_v the_o image_n of_o christ_n with_o divine_a honour_n that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v their_o sense_n for_o if_o this_o be_v the_o notion_n of_o a_o idol_n to_o represent_v what_o have_v no_o existence_n neither_o the_o arian_n nor_o the_o gnostic_n can_v be_v accuse_v of_o worship_v a_o idol_n but_o the_o father_n do_v in_o express_a term_n call_v christ_n a_o idol_n if_o he_o have_v divine_a worship_n give_v he_o and_o yet_o be_v not_o god_n and_o it_o be_v far_a observable_a 1._o that_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a confess_v 411._o that_o the_o arrian_n be_v just_o condemn_v for_o idolatry_n not_o only_o by_o one_o or_o two_o father_n but_o by_o the_o catholic_n church_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o catholic_n church_n do_v declare_v that_o t._n g.'s_n sense_n of_o a_o idol_n be_v false_a 2._o that_o when_o the_o father_n repeat_v the_o second_o commandment_n instead_o of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o use_v other_o word_n which_o they_o will_v never_o have_v do_v if_o they_o have_v think_v there_o have_v be_v any_o peculiar_a importance_n of_o the_o word_n idol_n in_o that_o place_n different_a from_o image_n justin_n martyr_n in_o his_o dialogue_n with_o trypho_n the_o jew_n 321._o repeat_v the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thou_o shall_v not_o make_v any_o image_n or_o similitude_n clemens_n alex._n 441._o make_v the_o thing_n forbid_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o worship_v grave_v image_n and_o the_o thing_n require_v to_o be_v not_o to_o make_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d either_o a_o grave_a or_o a_o melt_a image_n and_o even_o origen_n himself_o lay_v so_o little_a weight_n on_o his_o observation_n
2050._o grot._n in_o gen._n 2818._o vossius_fw-la selden_n aliÃque_fw-la bochart_n canaan_n l._n 2._o c._n 2._o clem._n alex._n str._n l._n 7._o minut._n felix_n p._n 2._o arnob._n l._n 1._o p._n 22._o apul._n florid_n l._n 1._o theophra_v char_n de_fw-fr superstit_fw-la aug._n the_o civ_o dei_fw-la l._n 16._o c._n 38._o phot._n cod._n 242._o p._n 1047._o max._n tyr._n diss_fw-la 38._o tristan_n comment_fw-fr histor_n tom._n 2._o p._n 316._o sueton._n in_o vespas_fw-la c._n 9_o plut._n de_fw-fr frat_fw-la amore_fw-la p._n 478_o eustath_n ad_fw-la iliad_n â—_o tacit._n the_o morib_n germ._n c._n 9_o t._n g._n p._n 75._o §._o 6._o plin._n l._n 12._o c._n 1._o quint._n l._n 10._o curt._n l._n 8._o codex_fw-la afric_n c._n 84._o capit._fw-la caroli_n l._n 1._o tit_n c._n 4._o l._n 7._o tit_n 236._o leg._n longobard_fw-mi l._n 2._o tit_n 38._o n._n 1._o canis_fw-la antiq_n lect._n to._n 4._o p._n 421._o serrar_fw-it rer._n mog_n l._n 3._o not_o 19_o agath_fw-mi histor_n l._n 1._o p._n 18._o s._n aug._n dom._n 21._o post_fw-la trin._n ser._n 2._o council_n to_o let_v 12._o c._n 11._o conc._n arelot_n 2._o c._n 23._o conc._n bracar_n 3._o c._n 22._o annales_n ecclesiast_n franc._n a._n d._n 566._o n._n 51._o synod_n autissiod_n a._n d._n 586._o c._n 3._o council_n nanuet_n a._n d._n 656._o c._n 20._o annales_n eccles._n franc._n a._n d._n 659._o n._n 36._o burchard_n l._n 10._o c._n 9_o 10_o 32._o regino_n de_fw-fr eccles._n discipl_n l._n 1._o c._n 300._o l._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 43._o c._n 3â—8_n dio_fw-mi chrysostom_n orat_fw-la 12._o acosta_n nature_n &_o moral_a history_n of_o the_o indies_n l._n 5._o c._n 5._o §._o 7._o t._n g._n p._n 48._o s._n hieron_n vit_fw-mi pauli_n p._n 238._o ed._n froben_n philostorg_n hist._n l._n 3._o c._n 2._o §._o 8._o de_fw-fr nar._n deor._n â—_o 1._o c._n 27._o c._n 29._o de_fw-fr nat._n deor._n l._n 3._o c._n 1._o max._n tyr._n diss_fw-la 38._o t.g._n p._n 17._o julian._n op_n p._n 539._o gennad_n de_fw-fr dogm_n eccles_n c._n 4._o p._n 537._o aug._n the_o civ_o dei_fw-la l._n 7._o c._n 5._o euseb._n praep._n evang_v l._n 3._o c._n 7._o dio_fw-mi chryso_v orat._n 12._o p._n 199._o p._n 206._o p._n 207._o p._n 209._o p._n 210._o p._n 211._o macrob._n in_o somn._fw-la scipion_n l._n 1._o c._n 2._o euseb._n praep._n evang_v l._n 3._o c._n 11._o montanus_n p._n 279._o alex._n geraldini_fw-la itinerar_n l._n 4._o p._n 68_o l._n 11._o p._n 171._o l._n 10._o p._n 168._o l._n 8._o p._n 131._o t.g._n p._n 49._o §._o 9_o clem._n strom._n 9_o p._n 559._o p._n 584._o str._n 1._o p._n 304._o protrept_v p._n 46._o t._n g._n p._n 74._o p._n 96._o justin._n martyr_n apol._n 2._o p._n 57_o athenag_fw-mi p._n 14._o p._n 16._o orig._n c._n cels._n l._n 2._o p._n 91._o l._n 5._o p._n 255._o l._n 3._o p._n 120._o l._n 5._o p._n 375._o p._n 376._o p._n 374._o lact._n l._n 2_o c._n 2._o c._n 18._o tertul._n apol._n minuc_fw-la octau._n arnob._n l._n 6._o clem._n protrept_v p._n 34._o hierom._n in_o c._n 16._o ezek._n c._n 4._o prope_fw-la fin_n aug._n ep_n 119._o c._n 11._o euseb._n praep._n evang._n l._n 3._o c._n 10._o s._n aug._n the_o civ_o dei_fw-la l._n 7._o c._n 5._o l._n 4._o c._n 31._o §._o 10._o clem._n alex._n str._n 5._o p._n 559._o strom._n 6._o p._n 682._o p._n 688._o strom._n 3._o p._n 441._o orig._n c._n cel._n l._n 7._o p._n 375._o symmach_n ep._n l._n 11._o ep._n 54._o ambros._n c._n relat_n symmac_n 2._o §._o 11._o plut._n advers._fw-la colot_n athen._n l._n 4._o c._n 27._o cicer._n de_fw-fr nat._n deor._n l._n 1._o c._n 25._o lescaloper_n ad_fw-la cicer._n de_fw-fr nat._n deor._n p._n 40._o plut._n de_fw-fr placit_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 3._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 8._o c._n 2._o simplic_n in_o phys._n aristot._fw-la l._n 1._o p._n 33._o ed._n aldi_n aeneid_n 6._o v._n 724_o etc._n etc._n euseb._n de_fw-fr praep._n evang._n l._n 13_o c._n 13._o theodoret._n the_o cut_n graec._n serm_n 3._o clem._n alex._n str._n 5._o xenoph._n mem._n 4._o lescaloper_n ad_fw-la cic._n de_fw-fr n.d._n p._n 55._o de_fw-fr aristot._n theologia_n p._n 184_o etc._n etc._n du-vall_n synops._n analyt_v doctr._n peripat_v ad_fw-la metaphyl_n l._n 14._o c._n 7._o cicer._n tuscul_fw-la 1._o lact._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o aug._n the_o civ_o dei_fw-la l._n 22._o c._n 20._o §._o 12._o t.g._n p._n 99_o bessarion_n advers._fw-la caluminat_fw-la platonis_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 3._o l._n 3._o c._n 5._o l._n 3._o c._n 4._o l._n 2._o c._n 4._o l._n 3._o c._n 6._o c._n 7._o c._n 8._o aug._n steuch_n eugub_fw-la de_fw-fr perenni_fw-la philos._n l._n 5._o c._n 1._o c._n 2._o c._n 3._o c._n 5._o plato_n epinomis_n p._n 989._o ed._n serran_n c._n 6._o c._n 11._o c._n 12._o platon_n &_o arist._n theolog_fw-la decad_n 2._o l._n 2._o p._n 213._o p._n 217._o p._n 219._o p._n 220._o comment_fw-fr in_o cic._n de_fw-fr nat._n d._n p._n 51._o §._o 13._o campan_n trump_n atheism_n c._n 11._o n._n 18._o t._n g._n p._n 98._o ficin_n in_o platon_n phaedon_n coel._n rhodig_n antiq._n lect._n l._n 16._o c._n 12._o tacit._n histor_n l._n 4._o saguin_n select_v numismat_n p._n 2_o 3_o 4._o t.g._n p._n 108._o ferd._n ughelli_n italia_n sacra_fw-la tom._n 8._o p._n 559._o majoli_fw-la dies_fw-la canicul_n par_fw-fr 2._o coll_n 1._o p._n 435._o plotin_n ennead_n 5._o l._n 8._o c._n 9_o plutarch_n de_fw-fr isid._n &_o ofirid_n p._n 377._o ed._n franc_n apul._n metam_fw-la l._n 11._o §._o 14._o t.g._n p._n 99.106_o §._o 15._o t.g._n p._n 100_o p._n 101._o §._o 16._o t._n g._n p._n 102_o 103._o t.g._n p._n 106._o t._n g._n p._n 99.106_o bell._n de_fw-fr imag._n l._n 2._o c._n 13._o arnob._n l._n 6._o p._n 190._o macrob._n l._n 3._o c._n 4._o hier._n ad_fw-la ripar_fw-la adv_fw-la vigilant_a vitruu._n l._n 4._o c._n 5._o lamprid._n vit_fw-fr alex._n sever._n arnob._n l._n 6._o p._n 195._o p._n 200._o p._n 208._o §._o 17._o aug._n in_o ps._n 113._o §._o 18._o trigaut_n l._n 5._o c._n 16._o p._n 588._o t.g._n p._n 110_o 111_o 112_o 113._o cicer._n pro_fw-la archia_fw-la c._n 12._o pro_fw-la domo_fw-la sua_fw-la isid._n origen_n l._n 8._o c._n 11._o horat._n ep_n l._n 2._o ep_n 1._o arnob._n l._n 6._o agobard_fw-mi de_fw-fr imag._n sect_n 19_o aug._n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o symbolo_fw-la c._n 7._o greg._n l._n 9_o ep_n 72._o §._o 1._o petau._n dogmat._n theolog._n tom._n 5._o l._n 15._o c._n 1â—_n secâ—_n 3._o c._n â—4_n sect_n 8._o t.g._n p._n 171._o orig._n c._n cels._n l._n 7._o p._n 375._o §._o 2._o petau._n de_fw-fr incarn_n l._n 15._o c._n 14._o sect_n 8._o bell._n de_fw-fr imag._n l._n 2._o c._n 9_o s._n epiph._n ep_n ad_fw-la joh._n hierosolym_n sirmond_n in_o council_n narbon_n p._n 616._o carol._n m._n de_fw-fr imag._n l._n 4._o c._n 25._o synod_n paris_n c._n 6._o damasc._n tract_n 1._o alphons_n à _fw-fr à _fw-fr castro_n v._n imago_fw-la p._n 572._o vii_o synod_n act._n 6._o cod._n theodos_fw-la 16._o tit_n 10._o n._n 12._o themist_n in_o aristot._n de_fw-fr a_fw-fr p._n 68_o col_fw-fr 2._o lambards_n peramb._n of_o kent_n in_o boxtel_n herbert_n hen._n 8._o p._n 432._o §._o 3._o 1_o cor._n 10.7_o v_o 2_o 3_o 4._o s._n aug._n epist._n 43._o plut._n de_fw-fr iside_n &_o osiride_n p._n 361._o apul._n de_fw-fr deo_fw-la socrat._v both_o de_fw-fr cons._n philos._n l._n 3._o p._n 139._o diog._n laer._n vit_fw-mi pytha._n herod_n in_o euterpe_n isocr_n encom_o helen_n salmas_n not._n ed._n inscript_n p._n 81._o lil._n gyrald_n synt_n deorum_fw-la 17._o p._n 501._o vossius_fw-la de_fw-la idol_n l._n 1._o c._n 12._o hesych_n v_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d salmas_n not_o p._n 118._o plut._n de_fw-fr isule_n &_o osinide_v p._n 361._o plut._n the_o praecl_n fact_n mulier_fw-la p._n 255._o inscript_n antiq._n p._n 216._o dionys._n halic_fw-mi antiq._n rom._n l._n 11._o p._n 696._o orig._n l._n 8._o c._n cels._n p._n 414._o iren._n l._n 1._o c._n 24._o epiph._n haer_fw-mi 27._o aug._n de_fw-fr haeres_fw-la c._n 7._o hieron_n in_o c._n 3._o daniel_n greg._n nazianz_n invect_n 1._o in_o in_o jul._n theod._n hist._n l._n 3._o c._n 16_o 17._o hierocl_n in_fw-it aur_fw-it carm._n aug._n in_o psal._n 96._o §._o 4._o euseb._n eccles_n hist._n l._n 7._o c._n 18._o mark_v 5.43_o phot._n cod._n 271._o imperatorum_fw-la numism_n collect_v à _fw-fr deuce_n croyo_n edit_n gasp._n gevart_n tab._n 39_o n._n 17_o 18_o 21_o 22._o patini_n numism_n p._n 194._o euseb._n chron._n n._n 2144._o baron_fw-fr ad_fw-la a._n d._n 57_o n._n 112._o nicephor_n l._n 10._o c._n 30._o philostorg_n eccles._n hist._n l._n 7._o c._n 3._o caroli_n lib._n the_o imagine_v l._n 4._o c._n 15._o phot._n cod._n 271._o sozom._n l._n 5._o c._n 21._o petau._n de_fw-fr incarn_n l._n 15._o c._n 13._o n._n 4_o 5._o baron_fw-fr ad_fw-la a._n d._n 57_o n._n 111._o pet._n l._n 15._o c._n
the_o mind_n of_o the_o anthropomorphites_n whereas_o aventinus_n say_v express_o they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o such_o as_o be_v use_v and_o allow_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n by_o which_o ysambertus_n say_v there_o be_v no_o more_o danger_n of_o man_n be_v lead_v into_o a_o false_a opinion_n of_o god_n than_o there_o be_v by_o the_o expression_n of_o scripture_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n the_o danger_n do_v not_o lie_v in_o make_v any_o representation_n of_o god_n but_o in_o entertain_v a_o false_a opinion_n of_o those_o representation_n and_o the_o scripture_n instead_o of_o forbid_v man_n to_o make_v any_o similitude_n of_o god_n shall_v only_o have_v forbid_v man_n to_o entertain_v any_o erroneous_a conceit_n of_o any_o image_n of_o he_o but_o if_o the_o church_n take_v care_n to_o prevent_v such_o a_o opinion_n as_o he_o say_v she_o do_v the_o other_o image_n with_o three_o face_n and_o one_o head_n or_o one_o body_n and_o three_o head_n may_v be_v justify_v on_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o other_o be_v whereas_o the_o roman_a catechism_n say_v 12._o that_o moses_n do_v therefore_o wise_o say_v that_o they_o see_v no_o similitude_n of_o god_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v lead_v aside_o by_o error_n and_o make_v a_o image_n of_o the_o divinity_n and_o give_v the_o honour_n due_a to_o god_n to_o a_o creature_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o all_o image_n that_o tend_v to_o such_o a_o error_n be_v forbid_v and_o all_o worship_n give_v to_o such_o image_n be_v idolatry_n and_o it_o be_v far_a observable_a that_o the_o image_n allow_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n for_o god_n the_o father_n be_v just_a such_o a_o one_o as_o s._n augustin_n say_v 7._o it_o be_v wickedness_n for_o christian_n to_o make_v for_o god_n and_o to_o place_n in_o a_o temple_n and_o i_o will_v desire_v of_o t._n g._n to_o tell_v i_o what_o other_o image_n of_o god_n the_o great_a anthropomorphites_n will_v make_v than_o that_o which_o be_v most_o common_a among_o they_o and_o if_o there_o be_v such_o danger_n in_o man_n conception_n of_o a_o deity_n from_o any_o image_n of_o god_n they_o give_v as_o much_o occasion_n for_o it_o as_o ever_o any_o people_n do_v so_o much_o that_o all_o man_n of_o any_o ingenuity_n have_v cry_v shame_n upon_o they_o but_o to_o very_o little_a purpose_n abulensis_n durandus_fw-la and_o peresius_n be_v cite_v by_o bellarmin_n himself_o as_o condemn_v any_o image_n of_o god_n and_o which_o be_v observable_a they_o do_v not_o condemn_v such_o image_n as_o represent_v god_n in_o himself_o as_o t._n g._n speak_v but_o such_o as_o be_v in_o use_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n durandus_fw-la say_v 15._o it_o be_v a_o foolish_a thing_n either_o to_o make_v or_o to_o worship_v such_o image_n viz._n of_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n after_o the_o former_a manner_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o he_o quote_v damascen_n against_o this_o sort_n of_o image_n say_v that_o it_o be_v impiety_n and_o madness_n to_o make_v they_o and_o so_o do_v peresius_n too_o colon._n thuanus_n mention_n this_o passage_n relate_v to_o this_o matter_n 28._o that_o a._n d._n 1562._o the_o queen_n mother_n of_o france_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o two_o bishop_n and_o these_o three_o divine_n butillerius_fw-la espencaeus_fw-la and_o picherellus_n declare_v that_o all_o image_n of_o the_o trinity_n shall_v be_v take_v out_o of_o church_n and_o other_o place_n as_o forbid_v by_o scripture_n council_n and_o father_n and_o yet_o these_o be_v such_o image_n which_o t.g._n plead_v for_o but_o this_o soon_o come_v to_o nothing_o as_o all_o good_a purpose_n of_o reformation_n among_o they_o have_v ever_o do_v if_o it_o be_v say_v as_o it_o be_v by_o ysambertus_n 4._o that_o these_o be_v not_o proper_o image_n of_o god_n but_o of_o his_o appearance_n in_o a_o visible_a form_n i_o answer_v 1._o this_o do_v not_o mend_v the_o matter_n for_o we_o be_v speak_v of_o a_o image_n of_o the_o father_n as_o a_o person_n in_o the_o trinity_n and_o whatever_o represent_v he_o as_o such_o must_v represent_v he_o as_o he_o be_v in_o himself_o and_o not_o bare_o in_o regard_n of_o a_o temporary_a appearance_n and_o as_o to_o such_o a_o image_n of_o god_n the_o father_n t._n g's_o distinction_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n reach_v 2._o it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o divine_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n that_o all_o the_o appearance_n of_o god_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n be_v not_o of_o god_n himself_o but_o of_o angel_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o clichtovaeus_fw-la give_v that_o as_o a_o reason_n why_o all_o representation_n of_o god_n be_v unlawful_a in_o the_o old_a testament_n 17._o because_o all_o appearance_n be_v by_o angel_n and_o those_o angel_n be_v no_o more_o unite_v to_o the_o form_n they_o assume_v than_o a_o man_n body_n be_v to_o his_o garment_n from_o whence_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o all_o representation_n of_o god_n by_o such_o appearance_n be_v still_o unlawful_a 3._o suppose_v this_o be_v a_o representation_n only_o of_o some_o appearance_n of_o god_n and_o so_o not_o of_o what_o god_n be_v but_o of_o what_o he_o do_v i_o ask_v then_o on_o what_o account_n such_o a_o effect_n of_o divine_a power_n be_v make_v the_o object_n of_o divine_a adoration_n for_o we_o have_v see_v already_o by_o the_o confession_n of_o their_o most_o eminent_a divine_n that_o the_o image_n of_o the_o trinity_n be_v propose_v among_o they_o as_o object_n of_o adoration_n now_o say_v i_o how_o come_v a_o mere_a creature_n such_o as_o that_o apparition_n be_v to_o become_v the_o object_n of_o divine_a worship_n durandus_fw-la well_o see_v the_o consequence_n of_o this_o assertion_n for_o when_o he_o have_v say_v that_o those_o corporeal_a form_n which_o be_v paint_v be_v no_o representation_n of_o the_o divine_a person_n which_o never_o assume_v they_o but_o only_o of_o those_o very_a form_n themselves_o in_o which_o he_o appear_v therefore_o say_v he_o no_o more_o reverence_n be_v due_a to_o they_o than_o be_v due_a to_o the_o form_n themselves_o when_o god_n appear_v in_o the_o burn_a bush_n that_o fire_n be_v then_o a_o effect_n of_o divine_a power_n and_o deserve_v no_o worship_n of_o itself_o how_o then_o can_v the_o image_n of_o the_o burn_a bush_n be_v a_o object_n of_o divine_a worship_n if_o god_n do_v appear_v to_o daniel_n as_o the_o ancient_n of_o day_n 7.9_o it_o must_v be_v either_o by_o the_o impression_n of_o such_o a_o idea_n upon_o his_o imagination_n or_o by_o assume_v the_o form_n of_o a_o old_a man_n but_o either_o way_n this_o be_v but_o a_o mere_a creature_n and_o have_v no_o such_o personal_a union_n to_o the_o godhead_n to_o deserve_v adoration_n how_o much_o less_o than_o do_v the_o image_n of_o this_o appearance_n deserve_v it_o so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v how_o upon_o their_o own_o principle_n they_o can_v be_v excuse_v from_o idolatry_n who_o give_v proper_a divine_a worship_n to_o such_o image_n as_o these_o he_o commit_v idolatry_n say_v sanders_n 4._o that_o propose_v any_o image_n to_o be_v worship_v as_o the_o true_a image_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n if_o this_o be_v idolatry_n what_o be_v it_o then_o to_o give_v the_o high_a sort_n of_o worship_n to_o the_o mere_a representation_n of_o a_o creature_n for_o those_o image_n which_o only_o set_v forth_o such_o appearance_n be_v but_o the_o creature_n of_o creature_n and_o so_o still_o far_o off_o from_o be_v the_o object_n of_o adoration_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o t._n g_n evasion_n and_o distinction_n we_o find_v that_o as_o to_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o image_n of_o god_n and_o the_o trinity_n the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v not_o only_o go_v off_o from_o scripture_n reason_n and_o antiquity_n but_o from_o the_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a too_o 2._o i_o now_o come_v to_o the_o addition_n that_o have_v be_v make_v to_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a by_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o worship_n give_v to_o image_n 9_o for_o which_o i_o must_v consider_v 1._o what_o that_o worship_n be_v which_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a do_v give_v to_o image_n 2._o what_o addition_n have_v be_v make_v to_o it_o since_o that_o time_n 1._o what_o that_o worship_n be_v which_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a do_v give_v to_o image_n which_o will_v appear_v by_o these_o two_o thing_n 1._o that_o it_o define_v true_a and_o real_a worship_n to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v a_o inferior_a worship_n and_o not_o latria_n 1._o that_o it_o define_v true_a and_o real_a worship_n to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n i_o e._n that_o image_n be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v sign_n and_o help_n to_o memory_n to_o call_v to_o mind_n or_o represent_v to_o we_o
the_o object_n of_o worship_n but_o that_o the_o act_n of_o worship_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v to_o the_o image_n themselves_o the_o former_a use_n of_o image_n do_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v only_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o book_n which_o represent_v thing_n to_o our_o mind_n without_o any_o act_n of_o adoration_n perform_v to_o that_o which_o be_v only_o a_o instrument_n of_o intellection_n although_o the_o thing_n represent_v to_o the_o mind_n be_v a_o proper_a object_n of_o adoration_n as_o if_o by_o read_v a_o book_n a_o idea_n of_o god_n be_v represent_v to_o my_o mind_n who_o i_o ought_v to_o worship_n yet_o no_o man_n can_v imagine_v that_o from_o hence_o i_o shall_v fall_v down_o upon_o my_o knee_n out_o of_o honour_n to_o the_o book_n or_o with_o a_o design_n to_o worship_v it_o when_o a_o man_n read_v his_o prayer_n out_o of_o a_o book_n and_o make_v use_v of_o that_o only_a as_o a_o mean_n or_o instrument_n to_o help_v his_o understanding_n and_o direct_v his_o expression_n no_o man_n can_v have_v any_o colour_n of_o reason_n to_o say_v that_o he_o worship_v the_o book_n which_o he_o use_v for_o a_o quite_o different_a purpose_n it_o be_v the_o same_o case_n as_o to_o image_n when_o they_o be_v use_v for_o no_o other_o end_n but_o bare_o to_o represent_v to_o the_o mind_n a_o object_n of_o worship_n as_o a_o crucifix_n may_v do_v our_o saviour_n than_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o external_a note_n or_o character_n and_o have_v the_o same_o use_n that_o word_n have_v but_o those_o who_o go_v no_o far_o than_o thus_o stand_v condemn_v and_o anathematise_v by_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a 555._o for_o that_o not_o only_o determine_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o assurance_n that_o image_n be_v to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o church_n and_o house_n and_o way_n in_o order_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o but_o very_o free_o anathematize_n all_o sort_n of_o dissenter_n either_o in_o judgement_n or_o practice_n 577._o anathema_n be_v to_o all_o those_o who_o do_v not_o salute_v the_o holy_a and_o venerable_a image_n anathema_n to_o all_o heretic_n anathema_n to_o those_o that_o follow_v the_o council_n against_o image_n anathema_n to_o they_o that_o do_v not_o salute_v the_o image_n of_o christ_n and_o his_o saint_n epiphanius_n in_o the_o six_o session_n declare_v this_o to_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o council_n 542._o those_o who_o say_v that_o image_n be_v to_o be_v have_v only_o for_o memory_n and_o not_o for_o worship_n or_o salutation_n be_v half-wicked_n and_o partly_o true_a and_o partly_o false_a they_o be_v so_o far_o right_a as_o they_o be_v for_o image_n but_o they_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n as_o they_o be_v against_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o o_o the_o folly_n of_o these_o man_n say_v epiphanius_n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o have_v image_n for_o help_n to_o memory_n so_o neither_o be_v it_o to_o give_v they_o some_o kind_n of_o honour_n or_o reverence_n nothing_o but_o worship_n will_v satisfy_v they_o so_o the_o patriarch_n tarasius_n say_v in_o plain_a term_n they_o who_o pretend_v to_o honour_v image_n 247._o and_o not_o to_o worship_v they_o be_v guilty_a of_o hypocrisy_n and_o self-contradiction_n for_o worship_n say_v he_o be_v a_o symbol_n and_o signification_n of_o honour_n therefore_o they_o who_o deny_v to_o worship_v they_o do_v dishonour_n they_o this_o be_v the_o patriarchal_a way_n of_o argue_v in_o this_o famous_a council_n and_o this_o he_o prove_v from_o the_o say_n of_o anastasius_n bishop_n of_o theopolis_n let_v no_o man_n be_v offend_v with_o the_o name_n of_o adoration_n or_o worship_n for_o we_o worship_v man_n and_o angel_n but_o do_v not_o serve_v they_o and_o worship_n be_v a_o expression_n of_o honour_n and_o it_o will_v do_v one_o good_a at_o heart_n to_o see_v how_o all_o the_o reverend_a father_n clap_v their_o hand_n for_o joy_n at_o the_o subtle_a criticism_n which_o it_o seem_v that_o bishop_n have_v discover_v viz._n that_o when_o our_o saviour_n say_v thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v that_o only_o be_v not_o apply_v to_o worship_n but_o to_o service_n mark_v that_o cry_v the_o council_n only_o belong_v to_o service_n and_o not_o to_o worship_v therefore_o although_o we_o may_v not_o serve_v image_n yet_o we_o may_v worship_v they_o if_o the_o devil_n have_v be_v so_o subtle_a may_v not_o he_o have_v say_v to_o our_o saviour_n mark_v that_o you_o be_v forbid_v only_o to_o serve_v any_o else_o but_o god_n but_o you_o may_v worship_n i_o notwithstanding_o that_o command_n the_o patriarch_n tarasius_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o constantine_n and_o irene_n express_v this_o worship_n by_o the_o very_a same_o word_n which_o be_v use_v to_o god_n for_o when_o god_n say_v thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n 785._o and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v he_o restrain_v service_n to_o himself_o but_o allow_v worship_n to_o other_o thing_n therefore_o say_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d without_o the_o least_o doubt_n or_o dispute_v it_o be_v a_o thing_n acceptable_a and_o well_o please_v to_o god_n for_o we_o to_o worship_n and_o salute_v the_o image_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o b._n virgin_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a angel_n and_o saint_n if_o any_o man_n think_v otherwise_o and_o have_v any_o doubt_n in_o his_o mind_n or_o any_o waver_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d about_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o venerable_a image_n the_o holy_a and_o ecumenical_a synod_n have_v anathematise_v he_o and_o what_o be_v a_o anathema_n but_o a_o separation_n from_o god_n and_o thus_o it_o become_v no_o less_o than_o damnation_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n o_o bless_a change_n from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a time_n when_o it_o be_v damnation_n to_o worship_v they_o this_o worship_n he_o express_v in_o the_o same_o epistle_n by_o kiss_v by_o bow_v by_o prostration_n all_o which_o he_o show_v from_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n and_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o scripture_n and_o in_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o council_n among_o the_o act_n of_o worship_n 555._o be_v reckon_v the_o oblation_n of_o incense_n and_o light_n because_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o image_n pass_v to_o the_o thing_n represent_v by_o it_o so_o that_o all_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n be_v by_o the_o definition_n of_o this_o council_n to_o be_v perform_v to_o image_n and_o the_o same_o have_v be_v practise_v by_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n wherein_o this_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v receive_v as_o a_o general_n council_n and_o appeal_v to_o by_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n 25._o suppose_v the_o decree_n of_o that_o council_n to_o be_v still_o in_o force_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o thomas_n arundel_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n make_v in_o the_o convocation_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n begin_v at_o s._n paul_n 14_o jan._n a._n d._n 1408._o we_o have_v a_o particular_a enumeration_n of_o the_o several_a act_n of_o worship_n which_o be_v require_v to_o be_v perform_v to_o image_n and_o the_o place_n and_o relic_n of_o the_o saint_n viz._n procession_n 653.666_o genuflection_n bow_v of_o the_o body_n thurification_n deosculation_n oblation_n burn_n of_o light_n and_o pilgrimage_n and_o all_o other_o form_n and_o mode_n of_o worship_n which_o have_v be_v practise_v in_o the_o time_n of_o our_o predecessor_n or_o in_o our_o own_o and_o this_o not_o only_o the_o people_n be_v require_v to_o practice_v but_o the_o clergy_n to_o teach_v and_o preach_v up_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o other_o image_n with_o these_o act_n of_o adoration_n and_o this_o constitution_n be_v extant_a in_o lyndwood_n as_o part_v of_o the_o canon_n law_n then_o in_o force_n 160.2_o who_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o it_o observe_n that_o offer_v incense_n be_v a_o sacrifice_n as_o it_o be_v burn_v upon_o the_o altar_n and_o a_o part_n of_o latria_n and_o therefore_o he_o say_v the_o same_o incense_n be_v not_o use_v to_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n with_o that_o burn_v upon_o the_o altar_n but_o of_o another_o sort_n which_o be_v not_o consecrate_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n be_v extant_a the_o form_n of_o renunciation_n impose_v on_o the_o lollard_n 2._o wherein_o be_v these_o word_n concern_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n 655._o i_o do_v swear_v to_o god_n and_o to_o all_o his_o seynt_n upon_o this_o holy_a gospel_n that_o fro_o this_o day_n forward_o i_o shall_v worship_n image_n with_o pray_v and_o offer_v unto_o they_o in_o the_o worschop_n of_o the_o seynt_n that_o they_o be_v make_v after_o and_o yet_o after_o all_o this_o plain_a evidence_n some_o have_v have_v the_o confidence_n to_o tell_v