the_o word_n substance_n and_o it_o be_v necessary_a so_o to_o do_v otherwise_o he_o have_v not_o give_v a_o pertinent_a answer_n to_o the_o similitude_n urge_v against_o he_o the_o next_o be_v one_o of_o their_o own_o pope_n gelasius_n who_o bring_v the_o same_o instance_n against_o the_o eutychian_o 4._o sure_o say_v he_o the_o sacrament_n which_o we_o receive_v of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n be_v a_o divine_a thing_n so_o that_o by_o they_o we_o be_v make_v partaker_n of_o a_o divine_a nature_n and_o yet_o it_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v the_o substance_n or_o nature_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n and_o certain_o the_o image_n and_o resemblance_n of_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n be_v celebrate_v in_o the_o action_n of_o the_o mystery_n that_o be_v in_o the_o sacrament_n to_o make_v this_o instance_n of_o any_o force_n against_o the_o eutyâ—hâ—ans_n who_o hold_v that_o though_o body_n of_o christ_n upon_o his_o ascension_n cease_v and_o be_v change_v into_o the_o 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be_v acknowledge_v by_o many_o great_a and_o learned_a man_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n 3._o scotus_n acknowledge_v that_o this_o doctrine_n be_v not_o always_o think_v necessary_a to_o be_v believe_v but_o that_o the_o necessity_n of_o believe_v it_o be_v consequent_a to_o that_o declaration_n of_o the_o church_n make_v in_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n under_o pope_n innocent_a the_o iii_o and_o 15._o durandus_fw-la free_o discover_v his_o inclination_n to_o have_v believe_v the_o contrary_a if_o the_o church_n have_v not_o by_o that_o determination_n oblige_v man_n to_o believe_v it_o 146._o tonstal_v bishop_n of_o durham_n also_o yield_v that_o before_o the_o lateran_n council_n man_n be_v at_o liberty_n as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o christ_n presence_n in_o the_o sacrament_n and_o 108._o erasmus_n who_o live_v and_o die_v in_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o than_o who_o no_o man_n be_v better_o read_v in_o the_o ancient_a father_n do_v confess_v that_o it_o 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start_v upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o dispute_n about_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n in_o opposition_n whereto_o the_o synod_n of_o constantinople_n about_o the_o year_n dccl_o do_v argue_v thus_o that_o our_o lord_n have_v leave_v we_o no_o other_o image_n of_o himself_o but_o the_o sacrament_n in_o which_o the_o substance_n of_o bread_n be_v the_o image_n of_o his_o body_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v no_o other_o image_n of_o our_o lord_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o argument_n the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a in_o the_o year_n dcclxxxvii_o do_v declare_v that_o the_o sacrament_n after_o consecration_n be_v not_o the_o image_n and_o antitype_n of_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n but_o be_v proper_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n so_o that_o the_o corporal_a presence_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n be_v first_o bring_v in_o to_o support_v the_o stupid_a worship_n of_o image_n and_o indeed_o it_o can_v never_o have_v come_v in_o upon_o a_o more_o proper_a occasion_n nor_o have_v be_v apply_v to_o a_o fit_a purpose_n and_o here_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n how_o well_o this_o agree_v with_o 1._o bellarmine_n observation_n that_o none_o of_o the_o ancient_n who_o write_v of_o heresy_n have_v put_v this_o error_n viz._n of_o deny_v transubstantiation_n in_o his_o catalogue_n nor_o do_v any_o of_o the_o ancient_n dispute_v against_o this_o error_n for_o the_o first_o 600_o year_n which_o be_v very_o true_a because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o occasion_n then_o to_o dispute_v against_o those_o who_o deny_v transubstantiation_n since_o as_o i_o have_v show_v this_o doctrine_n be_v not_o in_o be_v unless_o among_o the_o eutychian_a heretic_n for_o the_o first_o 600_o year_n and_o more_o but_o ibid._n bellarmine_n go_v on_o and_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o first_o who_o call_v in_o question_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o eucharist_n be_v the_o iconomachi_n the_o opposer_n of_o image_n after_o the_o year_n dcc_n in_o the_o council_n of_o constantinople_n for_o these_o say_v there_o be_v one_o image_n of_o christ_n institute_v by_o christ_n himself_o viz._n the_o bread_n and_o wine_n in_o the_o eucharist_n which_o represent_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n wherefore_o from_o that_o time_n the_o greek_a writer_n often_o admonish_v we_o that_o the_o eucharist_n be_v not_o the_o figure_n or_o image_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o his_o true_a body_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o viith_o synod_n which_o agree_v most_o exact_o with_o the_o account_n which_o i_o have_v give_v of_o the_o first_o rise_v of_o this_o doctrine_n which_o begin_v with_o the_o corporal_a presence_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n and_o afterward_o proceed_v to_o transubstantiation_n and_o as_o this_o be_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o introduce_v this_o doctrine_n among_o the_o greek_n so_o in_o the_o latin_a or_o roman_a church_n paschasius_fw-la radbertus_n first_o a_o monk_n and_o afterward_o abbot_n of_o corbey_n be_v the_o first_o broacher_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n dcccxviii_o and_o for_o this_o beside_o the_o evidence_n of_o history_n we_o have_v the_o acknowledgement_n of_o two_o very_a eminent_a person_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n bellarmine_n and_o sirmondus_n who_o do_v in_o effect_n confess_v that_o this_o paschasius_fw-la be_v the_o first_o who_o write_v to_o purpose_n upon_o this_o argument_n eccles._n bellarmine_n in_o these_o word_n this_o author_n be_v the_o first_o who_o have_v serious_o and_o copious_o write_v concern_v the_o truth_n of_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n in_o the_o eucharist_n and_o paschasâ—â—_n sirmondus_fw-la in_o these_o he_o so_o first_o explain_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o catholic_a church_n that_o he_o open_v the_o way_n to_o the_o rest_n who_o afterward_o in_o great_a number_n write_v upon_o the_o same_o argument_n but_o though_o sirmondus_n be_v please_v to_o say_v that_o he_o only_o first_o explain_v the_o sense_n
these_o word_n i_o you_o have_v not_o always_o johan_n he_o speak_v say_v he_o of_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o body_n you_o shall_v have_v i_o according_a to_o my_o providence_n according_a to_o majesty_n and_o invisible_a grace_n but_o according_a to_o the_o flesh_n which_o the_o word_n assume_v according_a to_o that_o which_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n you_o shall_v not_o have_v i_o therefore_o because_o he_o converse_v with_o his_o disciple_n forty_o day_n he_o be_v ascend_v up_o into_o heaven_n and_o be_v not_o here_o in_o his_o 23d_o epistle_n 93._o if_o the_o sacrament_n say_v he_o have_v not_o some_o resemblance_n of_o those_o thing_n whereof_o they_o be_v sacrament_n they_o will_v not_o be_v sacrament_n at_o all_o but_o from_o this_o resemblance_n they_o take_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o name_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o they_o represent_v therefore_o as_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v in_o some_o manner_n or_o sense_n christ_n body_n and_o the_o sacrament_n of_o his_o blood_n be_v the_o blood_n of_o christ_n so_o the_o sacrament_n of_o faith_n mean_v baptism_n be_v faith_n upon_o which_o word_n of_o st._n austin_n there_o be_v this_o remarkable_a gloss_n in_o their_o own_o canon_n law_n est_fw-la the_o heavenly_a sacrament_n which_o true_o represent_v the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n be_v call_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n but_o improper_o whence_o it_o be_v say_v that_o after_o a_o manner_n but_o not_o according_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n but_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v so_o that_o the_o meaning_n be_v it_o be_v call_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n that_o be_v it_o signify_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o if_o this_o be_v st._n augustine_n meaning_n i_o be_o sure_a no_o protestant_n can_v speak_v more_o plain_o against_o transubstantiation_n and_o in_o the_o ancient_a canon_n of_o the_o mass_n before_o it_o be_v change_v in_o compliance_n with_o this_o new_a doctrine_n it_o be_v express_o call_v a_o sacrament_n a_o sign_n a_o image_n and_o a_o figure_n of_o christ_n body_n to_o which_o i_o will_v add_v that_o remarkable_a passage_n of_o st._n austin_n cite_v by_o utrum_fw-la gratian_n that_o as_o we_o receive_v the_o similitude_n of_o his_o death_n in_o baptism_n so_o we_o may_v also_o receive_v the_o likeness_n of_o his_o flesh_n and_o blood_n that_o so_o neither_o may_v truth_n be_v want_v in_o the_o sacrament_n nor_o pagan_n have_v occasion_n to_o make_v we_o ridiculous_a for_o drink_v the_o blood_n of_o one_o that_o be_v slay_v i_o will_v mention_v but_o one_o testimony_n more_o of_o this_o father_n but_o so_o clear_a a_o one_o as_o it_o be_v impossible_a any_o man_n in_o his_o wit_n that_o have_v believe_v transubstantiation_n can_v have_v utter_v it_o be_v in_o his_o treatise_n 53._o de_fw-fr doctrina_fw-la christiana_n where_o lay_v down_o several_a rule_n for_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o scripture_n he_o give_v this_o for_o one_o if_o say_v he_o the_o speech_n be_v a_o precept_n forbid_v some_o heinous_a wickedness_n or_o crime_n or_o command_v we_o to_o do_v good_a it_o be_v not_o figurative_a but_o if_o it_o seem_v to_o command_v any_o heinous_a wickedness_n or_o crime_n or_o to_o forbid_v that_o which_o be_v profitable_a and_o beneficial_a to_o other_o it_o be_v figurative_a for_o example_n except_o you_o eat_v the_o flesh_n of_o the_o son_n of_o man_n and_o drink_v his_o blood_n you_o have_v no_o life_n in_o you_o this_o seem_v to_o command_v a_o heinous_a wickedness_n and_o crime_n therefore_o it_o be_v a_o figure_n command_v we_o to_o communicate_v of_o the_o passion_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o with_o delight_n and_o advantage_n to_o lay_v up_o in_o our_o memory_n that_o his_o flesh_n be_v crucify_v and_o wound_v for_o we_o so_o that_o according_a to_o st._n augustine_n best_a skill_n in_o interpret_n scripture_n the_o literal_a eat_n of_o the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n and_o drink_v his_o blood_n will_v have_v be_v a_o great_a impiety_n and_o therefore_o the_o expression_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v figurative_o not_o as_o cardinal_n perron_n will_v have_v it_o only_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o eat_n of_o his_o flesh_n and_o blood_n in_o the_o gross_a appearance_n of_o flesh_n and_o blood_n but_o to_o the_o real_a eat_n of_o his_o natural_a body_n and_o blood_n under_o any_o appearance_n whatsoever_o for_o st._n austin_n do_v not_o say_v this_o be_v a_o figurative_a speech_n wherein_o we_o be_v command_v real_o to_o feed_v upon_o the_o natural_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n under_o the_o species_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n as_o the_o cardinal_n will_v understand_v he_o for_o then_o the_o speech_n will_v be_v literal_a and_o not_o figurative_a but_o he_o say_v this_o be_v a_o figurative_a speech_n wherein_o we_o be_v command_v spiritual_o to_o feed_v upon_o the_o remembrance_n of_o his_o passion_n to_o these_o i_o will_v add_v but_o three_o or_o four_o testimony_n more_o in_o the_o two_o follow_a age_n the_o first_o shall_v be_v of_o theodoret_n who_o speak_v of_o that_o 11._o prophecy_n of_o jacob_n concern_v our_o saviour_n he_o wash_v his_o garment_n in_o wine_n and_o his_o clothes_n in_o the_o blood_n of_o grape_n have_v these_o word_n 1._o as_o we_o call_v the_o mystical_a fruit_n of_o the_o vine_n that_o be_v the_o wine_n in_o the_o sacrament_n after_o consecration_n the_o blood_n of_o the_o lord_n so_o he_o viz._n jacob_n call_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o true_a vine_n viz._n of_o christ_n the_o blood_n of_o the_o grape_n but_o the_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v not_o literal_o and_o proper_o but_o only_o figurative_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o grape_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o true_a vine_n and_o therefore_o the_o wine_n in_o the_o sacrament_n after_o consecration_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n not_o literal_o and_o proper_o but_o figurative_o the_o blood_n of_o christ._n and_o he_o explain_v this_o afterward_o say_v that_o our_o saviour_n change_v the_o name_n and_o give_v to_o his_o body_n the_o name_n of_o the_o symbol_n or_o sign_n and_o to_o the_o symbol_n or_o sign_n the_o name_n of_o his_o body_n thus_o when_o he_o have_v call_v himself_o the_o vine_n he_o call_v the_o symbol_n or_o sign_n his_o blood_n so_o that_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n that_o he_o call_v himself_o the_o vine_n he_o call_v the_o wine_n which_o be_v the_o symbol_n of_o his_o blood_n his_o blood_n for_o say_v he_o he_o will_v have_v those_o who_o partake_v of_o the_o divine_a mystery_n not_o to_o attend_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v see_v but_o by_o the_o change_n of_o name_n to_o believe_v the_o change_n which_o be_v make_v by_o grace_n for_o he_o who_o call_v that_o which_o by_o nature_n be_v a_o body_n wheat_n and_o bread_n and_o again_o likewise_o call_v himself_o the_o vine_n he_o honour_v the_o symbol_n with_o the_o name_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n not_o change_v nature_n but_o add_v grace_n to_o nature_n where_o you_o see_v he_o say_v express_o that_o when_o he_o call_v the_o symbol_n or_o element_n of_o the_o sacrament_n viz._n bread_n and_o wine_n his_o body_n and_o blood_n he_o make_v no_o change_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n only_o add_v grace_n to_o nature_n that_o be_v by_o the_o divine_a grace_n and_o blessing_n he_o raise_v they_o to_o a_o spiritual_a and_o supernatural_a virtue_n and_o efficacy_n the_o second_o be_v of_o the_o same_o theodoret_n in_o his_o second_o dialogue_n between_o a_o catholic_a under_o the_o name_n of_o orthodoxus_n and_o a_o heretic_n under_o the_o name_n of_o eraniste_n who_o maintain_v that_o the_o humanity_n of_o christ_n be_v change_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o divinity_n which_o be_v the_o heresy_n of_o eutyches_n he_o illustrate_v the_o matter_n by_o this_o similitude_n as_o say_v he_o the_o symbol_n of_o the_o lord_n body_n and_o blood_n be_v one_o thing_n before_o the_o invocation_n of_o the_o priest_n but_o after_o the_o invocation_n be_v change_v and_o become_v another_o thing_n so_o the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n after_o his_o ascension_n be_v change_v into_o the_o divine_a substance_n but_o what_o say_v the_o catholic_a orthodoxus_n to_o this_o why_o he_o talk_v just_a like_o one_o of_o cardinal_n perron_n heretic_n thou_o be_v say_v he_o catch_v in_o thy_o own_o net_n because_o the_o mystical_a symbol_n after_o consecration_n do_v not_o pass_v out_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n for_o they_o remain_v in_o their_o former_a substance_n figure_n and_o appearance_n and_o may_v be_v see_v and_o handle_v even_o as_o before_o he_o do_v not_o only_o deny_v the_o outward_a figure_n and_o appearance_n of_o the_o symbol_n to_o be_v change_v but_o the_o nature_n and_o substance_n of_o they_o even_o in_o the_o proper_a and_o strict_a sense_n of_o
their_o participation_n of_o the_o sacrament_n because_o they_o be_v say_v thereby_o to_o be_v one_o bread_n and_o one_o body_n and_o the_o same_o apostle_n in_o the_o next_o chapter_n after_o he_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o consecration_n of_o the_o element_n still_o call_v they_o the_o bread_n and_o the_o cup_n in_o three_o verse_n together_o as_o often_o as_o you_o eat_v this_o bread_n and_o drink_v this_o cup_n v_o 26._o whosoever_o shall_v eat_v this_o bread_n and_o drink_v this_o cup_n of_o the_o lord_n unworthy_o v_o 27._o but_o let_v a_o man_n examine_v himself_o and_o so_o let_v he_o eat_v of_o that_o bread_n and_o drink_n of_o that_o cup_n v_o 28._o and_o our_o saviour_n himself_o when_o he_o have_v say_v this_o be_v my_o blood_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n immediate_o add_v 29._o but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o i_o will_v not_o henceforth_o drink_v of_o this_o fruit_n of_o the_o vine_n until_o i_o drink_v it_o new_a with_o you_o in_o my_o father_n kingdom_n that_o be_v not_o till_o after_o his_o resurrection_n which_o be_v the_o first_o slepâ—_n of_o his_o exaltation_n into_o the_o kingdom_n give_v he_o by_o his_o father_n when_o the_o scripture_n tell_v we_o he_o do_v eat_v and_o drink_v with_o his_o disciple_n but_o that_o which_o i_o observe_v from_o our_o saviour_n word_n be_v that_o after_o the_o consecration_n of_o the_o cup_n and_o the_o deliver_n of_o it_o to_o his_o disciple_n to_o drink_v of_o it_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o will_v thenceforth_o drink_v no_o more_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o vine_n which_o he_o have_v now_o drink_v with_o they_o till_o after_o his_o resurrection_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o it_o be_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o vine_n real_a wine_n which_o our_o saviour_n drink_v of_o and_o communicate_v to_o his_o disciple_n in_o the_o sacrament_n beside_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o he_o celebrate_v this_o sacrament_n before_o his_o passion_n it_o be_v impossible_a these_o word_n shall_v be_v understand_v literal_o of_o the_o natural_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n because_o it_o be_v his_o body_n break_v and_o his_o blood_n shed_v which_o he_o give_v to_o his_o disciple_n which_o if_o we_o understand_v literal_o of_o his_o natural_a body_n break_v and_o his_o blood_n shed_v than_o these_o word_n this_o be_v my_o body_n which_o be_v break_v and_o this_o be_v my_o blood_n which_o be_v shed_v can_v not_o be_v true_a because_o his_o body_n be_v then_o whole_a and_o unbroken_a and_o his_o blood_n not_o then_o shed_v nor_o can_v it_o be_v a_o propitiatory_a sacrifice_n as_o they_o affirm_v this_o sacrament_n to_o be_v unless_o they_o will_v say_v that_o propitiation_n be_v make_v before_o christ_n suffer_v and_o it_o be_v likewise_o impossible_a that_o the_o disciple_n shall_v understand_v these_o word_n literal_o because_o they_o not_o only_o plain_o see_v that_o what_o he_o give_v they_o be_v bread_n and_o wine_n but_o they_o see_v likewise_o as_o plain_o that_o it_o be_v not_o his_o body_n which_o be_v give_v but_o his_o body_n which_o give_v that_o which_o be_v give_v not_o his_o body_n break_v and_o his_o blood_n shed_v because_o they_o see_v he_o alive_a at_o that_o very_a time_n and_o behold_v his_o body_n whole_a and_o unpierced_a and_o therefore_o they_o can_v not_o understand_v these_o word_n literal_o if_o they_o have_v can_v we_o imagine_v that_o the_o disciple_n who_o upon_o all_o other_o occasion_n be_v so_o full_a of_o question_n and_o objection_n shall_v make_v no_o difficulty_n of_o this_o matter_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o ask_v our_o saviour_n how_o can_v these_o thing_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o tell_v he_o we_o see_v this_o to_o be_v bread_n and_o that_o to_o be_v wine_n and_o we_o see_v thy_o body_n to_o be_v distinct_a from_o both_o we_o see_v thy_o body_n not_o break_v and_o thy_o blood_n not_o shed_v from_o all_o which_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v very_o evident_a to_o any_o man_n that_o will_v impartial_o consider_v thing_n how_o little_a reason_n there_o be_v to_o understand_v those_o word_n of_o our_o saviour_n this_o be_v my_o body_n and_o this_o be_v my_o blood_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o transubstantiation_n nay_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o there_o be_v very_o great_a reason_n and_o a_o evident_a necessity_n to_o understand_v they_o otherwise_o i_o proceed_v to_o show_v 2_o that_o this_o doctrine_n be_v not_o ground_v upon_o the_o perpetual_a belief_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n which_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n vain_o pretend_v as_o a_o evidence_n that_o the_o church_n do_v always_o understand_v and_o interpret_v our_o saviour_n word_n in_o this_o sense_n to_o manifest_v the_o groundlesness_n of_o this_o pretence_n i_o shall_v 1._o show_n by_o plain_a testimony_n of_o the_o father_n in_o several_a age_n that_o this_o doctrine_n be_v not_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o ancient_a christian_a church_n 2._o i_o shall_v show_v the_o time_n and_o occasion_n of_o its_o come_n in_o and_o by_o what_o degree_n it_o grow_v up_o and_o be_v establish_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n 3._o i_o shall_v answer_v their_o great_a pretend_a demonstration_n that_o this_o always_o be_v and_o must_v have_v be_v the_o constant_a belief_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n 1._o i_o shall_v show_v by_o plain_a testimony_n of_o the_o father_n in_o several_a age_n for_o above_o five_o hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n that_o this_o doctrine_n be_v not_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o ancient_a christian_a church_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o the_o father_n do_v and_o that_o with_o great_a reason_n very_o much_o magnify_v the_o wonderful_a mystery_n and_o efficacy_n of_o this_o sacrament_n and_o frequent_o speak_v of_o a_o great_a supernatural_a change_n make_v by_o the_o divine_a benediction_n which_o we_o also_o ready_o acknowledge_v they_o say_v indeed_o that_o the_o element_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n do_v by_o the_o divine_a blessing_n become_v to_o we_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n but_o they_o likewise_o say_v that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v be_v give_v to_o the_o sign_n that_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n do_v still_o remain_v in_o their_o proper_a nature_n and_o substance_n and_o that_o they_o be_v turn_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o our_o body_n that_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n be_v not_o his_o natural_a body_n but_o the_o sign_n and_o figure_n of_o it_o not_o that_o body_n which_o be_v crucify_v nor_o that_o blood_n which_o be_v shed_v upon_o the_o cross_n and_o that_o it_o be_v impious_a to_o understand_v the_o eat_n of_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o son_n of_o man_n and_o drink_v his_o blood_n literal_o all_o which_o be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o transubstantiation_n and_o utter_o inconsistent_a with_o it_o i_o will_v select_v but_o some_o few_o testimony_n of_o many_o which_o i_o may_v bring_v to_o this_o purpose_n i_o begin_v with_o justin_n martyr_n who_o say_v express_o that_o 1636._o our_o blood_n and_o flesh_n be_v nourish_v by_o the_o conversion_n of_o that_o food_n which_o we_o receive_v in_o the_o eucharist_n but_o that_o can_v be_v the_o natural_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n for_o no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o that_o be_v convert_v into_o the_o nourishment_n of_o our_o body_n the_o second_o be_v 34._o irenaeus_n who_o speak_v of_o this_o sacrament_n say_v that_o the_o bread_n which_o be_v from_o the_o earth_n receive_v the_o divine_a invocation_n be_v now_o no_o long_o common_a bread_n but_o the_o eucharist_n or_o sacrament_n consist_v of_o two_o thing_n the_o one_o earthy_a the_o other_o heavenly_a he_o say_v it_o be_v no_o long_o common_a bread_n but_o after_o invocation_n or_o consecration_n it_o become_v the_o sacrament_n that_o be_v bread_n sanctify_v consist_v of_o two_o thing_n a_o earthly_a and_o a_o heavenly_a the_o earthly_a thing_n be_v bread_n and_o the_o heavenly_a be_v the_o divine_a blessing_n which_o by_o the_o invocation_n or_o consecration_n be_v add_v to_o it_o and_o 2._o elsewhere_o he_o have_v this_o passage_n when_o therefore_o the_o cup_n that_o be_v mix_v that_o be_v of_o wine_n and_o water_n and_o the_o bread_n that_o be_v break_v receive_v the_o word_n of_o god_n it_o become_v the_o eucharist_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o body_n of_o christ_n of_o which_o the_o substance_n of_o our_o flesh_n be_v increase_v and_o consist_v but_o if_o that_o which_o we_o receive_v in_o the_o sacrament_n do_v nourish_v our_o body_n it_o must_v be_v bread_n and_o wine_n and_o not_o the_o natural_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ._n there_o be_v another_o remarkable_a testimony_n of_o irenaeus_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o now_o extant_a in_o those_o work_n of_o his_o which_o remain_v yet_o have_v be_v preserve_v by_o 3._o oecumenius_n and_o it_o be_v this_o when_o say_v he_o the_o greek_n have_v take_v