the dung of Pigeons and Geese of Men Dogs Cats c. may be said to be figured Now the Caecum in my opinion is subservient in some measure to the figuration of both but most manifestly in the first kind My meaning is that probably the use of the Caecum is to keep the Excrements that passe into its cavitie and I believe all or most part of them do in sound Animals so long until they are sufficiently drained baked hardned or of a due consistence as clay is temperd for the mould to receive the Figure to be given from the Colon and rectum This use I say of the Caecum seems to me to be much more manifest in such Animals as have figured Excrements of the first kind In Ratts for example whose Excrements are the most elegantly and constantly a like figured of any Sanguineous Animal I have met with the Caecum is more large and capacious than the stomack it self and perhaps than all the small guts put togather But its use in receiving the Excrements or exhausted Chyle is not more apparent from its large capacity than that other of further draining and tempering them to a stiffnesse for the service of the Colon from the admirable contrivance and structure of this latter Gut which is a Phaenomon that deserves further consideration it is I say to be noted that immediately under the Value of that Gut in this Animal are certain Spiral Fibres which make a kind of screw Now it seems to me that the Excrements after they are brought to a due Consistence by the Necessarie stay they make in the Caecum and being carried out thence into the Spiral folding or screw of the Colon cannot descend in a perpendicular as formerly through the small Guts but still gently glide very leisurly by the vinding of the screw whence arises their Figure And I am apt to believe that if the Caecum of a Ratt or any of the first kind of Animals mentioned was tyed up or otherwise hindred from its receit the Animals would unavoidably fall into a Diarrhaea there being I say no reason that I can foresee why the yet liquid Excrements or exhausted Chyle such as we constantly find it even at the very bottom of the small Gut should slop at the entrance of the Colon and not speedly glide through the screw in a down right descent that is elude the devise of nature and make the configuration of that so curiously contrived part uselesse we I say supposing the Experiment to have taken away the necessarie Diverticulum and repositarie of the unprepared Excrements in tying up the Caecum I know not whether the observation will hold good in general Terms because I say I have not yet purposily examined divers Animals in nature viz. That the more accurately figured the Excrements of any Animal are the more capacious is the Caecum and on the contrary the lesse figured and liquid they are the lesser the Caecum or none at all This is true certainly that some Animals which are naturally loose have no Caecum at all or very little as the Talpa the Echinus terrestris the Gulo a certian kind of voracious Woolfe mentioned by Bartholine in his Observations We shall not trouble you at present with our observations concerning the different Figure of Excrements in the divers Species of Animals already by us examined nor of the place and of their becoming so figured Also we shall passe by our thought for the present of the manner of the Caecums reception and preparing the Excrements For the Colon we likewise sorbear to offer some doubts we have concerning natures end in the necessarie Figuration of Excrements in some Animals as first to prevent Diarrhaeàs Secondly to abide hunger the better thus Snails in Winter rest with full Intestines Thirdly to heighten the firmentation and digestion of the stomack and small guts What we have hastly writ at present being only intended for the better uuderstanding of that Paragraph and not all that this subject would incite me to say If it shall be objected that grant the reception of the exhausted Chyle to be made in the Caecum before it passe into the Colon yet it seems that either we must give a power of choice to the Caecum or what just comes in will first be thrown out it still being uppermost that is the lesse prepared excrement I answer that I do not conceive what choiee or distinction Sheep can make of the meat not ruminated in the stomack from that which is but just now ruminated and swallowed down since all the many stomacks of a sheep are but one stomack and but one Gula that is in that respect of ruminating the stomack and Gula of a Sheep or Cow is an other Caecum and yet in ruminating nature has its aime and chews not things oftner over than needs must the like we think of the office of the Caecum which parts only with what is duly prepared and retains the yet liquid Excerment 3 Paper Some probable thoughts of the whitenesse of Chyle and what it is after it is conveyed within the Arteries Communicated much about the same time with the former N. B. I am not altogether of the same Opinion Now yet they were my thoughts than 1. IN digestion of meat in the stomack there is made a Separation or solution of Urinous salts no otherwise than in the rotting of Animals or Plants 2. The Chyle is hughly impregnate with this Urinous Salts 3. The Whitenesse of the Chyle is from the Fermentation it hath from its mixture with Urinous salts and that if desolv'd with fair water it is wholly deprived of that colour the firmentation ceasing 4. The Salt Chyle is conveyed into the Venal blood and with it enters the heart and it is thence thrown out Chyle as it comes in by a continued pulsation into the Artery 5. That as oft as it enters the emulgent Arteries it there leaves behind it part of its salinous liquour or Urine and consequently abates of its colour 6. That when sufficiently freed of its Urinous salt it becomes a Lympha which we think nothing else but the residue of the Chyle not yes made into the nature of blood as not sufficiently depurate of its Saline Particles 7. That probably it circulates long under the nature of a Lympha after visiting all the parts of the body by the Arteries and returning again to the Hart partly by its own vessells and partly by the veins 8. That in defect of Chyle for we cannot constantly feed nature continually supplys the Masse of blood with the Lympha or old Chyle 9. That upon every supply of fresh Chyle much of the old stock or Lympha is according to the necessitie of parts converted to this or that use and not till than 10. That there is ever more Lympha in the masse of blood than there is need off for the diluting of it the Arterial blood be the Animal never so much exhausted
of Saffron in Crystalline Pipes Concerning the External Figure of these Veins and Cavitie as well as other Accidents we thought they would have been made more apparent to us if it were possible to coagulate the Juice they hold without much shrinking the plant We were in hopes Freezing would have effected this which though it did not succeed as we promised our selves in respect of the manifestation of these Accidents yet it gave us some further light into the nature of the Juice of these veins In the keenest frost which hapned the other winter we dissected the frozen leaves of the Garden Spurge Here we observed that all Juice besides that which these veins hold was indeed frozen into hard Ice and to be expressed out in the figure of the containing pores but the Milkie-Juice was as liquid as ever but not so brisk as in open weather This Experiment we take to be good proof of the perfection of this Milkie Juice and that it hath within it self so great a degree of fermentation that it preserves it self and consequently the whole plant from the injuries of the weather that is the plant owes it life to it Thus we have seen Insects as Hexapode-worms c. ly frozen upon the snow into very lumps of Ice which did not only cause the glass to ring we struck them against but did endanger the breaking of it And yet put under the glass and exposed to the warmth of the fire they quickly recovered their legs and vigour to escape which we think could not be unless the Vital liquor of their veins as in this Instance of plants had been untouched and little concerned in the frost Further we hence also argue the different Vses as well as Natures of these Juices and look upon the frozen Icicles or that copious dilute and Limpid sap as Alimental the Milkie and not frozen Juice as as the only proper Venal As to the motion of these Juices these things are certain 1. That the Milkie Juice alwaies moves and spring◠briskly upon the opening of a vein the Limpid sap but at certain seasons and as it were by accident and not as I judge from any vital principle or fermentation of its own 2. The vena◠juice hath a manifest intestine motion or fermentation within it self witness besides what hath been just now said of it its contributing and the long continuance of that motion to the most insensible liquors and likewise its thick and troubled bleeding sike the rising of yeast which yet in a few hours after drawing falls and the juice becomes transparent as the Gum of the Virginian Rhus c. I shall not desire any person to acquiesce wholly in a bare fermentation but endeavour a happy discovery of the Frame of all the parts of a plant on which perhaps this motion may much depend In the mean time we must indeed needs think according to the knowledge we yet have of the parts of plants that these juices move by a far different contrivance of parts from that of Animals not yet here discovering any uniting of veins into one common Trunk no Pulsation no sensible stop by ligature no difference in veins c. All which difficulties notwithstanding may I hope in time may be happily overcome and the Analogie betwixt Plants and Animals be in all 〈…〉 opening of flowers the 〈…〉 of the heads of Poppies from a pendulous posture and particlarly the Vermicular motion of the veins when exposed to the air Again the Veins of Plants may indeed be different though at present we cannot tell wherein they are so The Arteries within our heads are hardy to be known by the eye from the Veins Further there are natural and spontaneous excretions or venting of superfluous moisture in plants visible and constant in the Crown Imperial Rorella Pinguicula c. As to the Ligature as it hath been hitherto applied by us it is not to be relyed on for discovery of this motion the Veins only of plants being the parts probably distendable Lastly we shall not omit to tell you that either we must take that away from the other reasons given of the necessity of the Circulation of the blood in Animals viz. the hindring of its breaking and clodding or we must grant the same motion to the Venal juice in Plants we having undeniable Experiments to shew that the Venal juice of Plants and the Blood of Animals agree in this that they both when they are once drawn from their respective veins do forth-with break and coagulate and that the serum in the one as well as in the other becomes a stiff gelly by a little standing But of the different natures of the juices of these viens in divers Plants and their motion we will remain your debtor and acquit our selves when we shall find it convenient at present only acquainting you what variety of Experiments hath taught us that probably more useful preparations and certainly a truer Analysis and 〈…〉 and parts of vegetable Drugs may be 〈…〉 whilst they are bleeding and liquid than after they are once become concrete and have lost their natural Fermentation I am c. A Letter dated May 21. 1673. in York concerning the unalterable Character of the Whiteness of the Chyle within the Lacteal Veins together with divers particulars observed in the Guts especially several sorts of Worms found in them I Come to your Letter where the Analogy betwixt the Veins in Plants and the Nerves in Animals hinted by Dr. Wallis is a considerable notion and I shall set my self a task e're long to examine them both again on purpose and to give you my thoughts In the mean time I will entertain you if you please with some Anatomical Observations and Experiments It hath been long in my thoughts and desires to have discovered the Actual passage of the Chyle into the Lacteal Veins of which yet I never doubted as I find some do at this day The difficulty lyes in the certain and unalterable character of the Chyle's Whiteness especially when received into those Veins And yet it is as certain that in a Diabetes the Urine retains all the qualities of the liquor drunk Also in that famous instance of those that eat the fruit call'd the Prickle-pear if I remember aright their Urine hath affrighted the Eater with the colour of bloud that is with the not-alter'd colour of the Juice of the Fruit. In these instances at least we cannot doubt but the Chyle even in the Lacteal Veins was qualified according to the food and drink To effect then something to this purpose we have formerly and that very often repeated the Experiment of injecting highly tinged liquors into the Guts of a live Animal It would be too tedious and impertinent to write down the circumstances of many different tryals We will only in short tell you the manner of performing it and the success We laced the skin of the Abdomen of a dog loosly for a hands breadth and then
late date The first instant it froze the wind at North the Frost and Wind continued some little Snow now and then falling the 2d 3d 4th 5th 6th until the 7th in the morning when the wind came about to the South-East and the weather broke up a pace the Sycamores bled not all this while but the seventh about noon all Trees of that kinde bled very freely both at the Twigs and Body and I struck above a dozen At this same Critical season I was willing to repeat the Experiment upon other Trees and to this end I forthwith struck the Haw-thorn Hazel Wild-Rose Gooseberry-Bush Apple-Tree Cherry-Tree Blathen-Nut Apricock Cherry-lawrel Vine Wal-nut yet none bled but the last nam'd and that but faintly in comparison of the Sycamore This is consonant to our former Experiments And if it did happen as I said in one of my former Letter that these Sycamores bled not all this Winter afore at the wounds made the first of November I do now think that if new wounds had been still made at every breach of Frost some signes at least of our York-shire bleeding might have been discovered before now But I affirm no more than I have seen and tried 3. Febr. 15. 1670. York To continue our Experiments concerning the motion of the Sap in Trees Febr. 11th all was here cover'd with a white Frost betwixt 9 and 11 in the morning The weather changing I made the Experiments which follow upon the Sycamore Watnut Maple A twig cut asunder would bleed very freely from that part remaining to the Tree and for the part separated it would be altogether dry and shew no signs of moisture although we held it some prety time with the cut end downward But if this separated twig was never so little tipp'd with a knife at the other end it would forthwith shew no moisture at both ends The same day late in the after-noon the weather very open and warm a Twig cut off in like manner as in the morning would shew no moisture at all from any part These Experiments we repeated very many times with constant and like success on all the Trees abvoe-mentioned I enter'd this Experiment with these Quaries for the next opportunity 1. Whether a Twig or the small part of a Root cut asunder will not bleed faster upon the breaking up of a Frost from the part remaining to the Tree than from the part seperated and whether the part seperated will bleed at all and shew no more signes of moistule than a Twig cut from the top of the Tree unless that small Root be likewise cut off at the other end also 2. Whether when it shall happen that a Sycamore shall be found to bleed upon the setting in of a great Frost the top twigs and small roots will not both of them bleed freelier from the parts separated in proportion to their bigness 3. And if it shall not so prove in the Tryal that in cold weather the Sap moves inwards from Root and Branch to the Trunk to the extremities of both Root and Branch I say if this prove not so whether there be any different motions of Sap at a time in the divers parts of one and the same Tree and where such motions of Sad begin and whither they tend 4 Whether the Sap when it will run moves longer in the Branches than in the Roots or whether it begin not to move in all parts of a Tree at a time and rest every where at a time 5. When it rests whether it retires to the Body of the Tree from the Roots and Branches or sinks down to the Root or is any way spent by insensible steams or is quiet and lodged in every part of the Tree in proportion I shall long to hear the success of your Experiments in the Question of the Circulation of the Sap. I have many years been inclin'd to think that there is some such motion in the Juyces of Vegetables The reasons which induced me are 1. Because I finde that all the Juyce of a Plant is no extravasate and loose and like Water in a Spunge but that there are apparent Vessels in Plants analagous to Veins in Animals which thing is most conspicuous and clear in such Plants whose Juyce is either White or Red or Saffron colour'd for instance in each kind of Juyce we propose Latuca Atractilis Cbelidonium majus 2. Because that there are very many Plants and these last named are of the number whose Juyce seems never to be at rest but will spring at all times Iteely as the Blood of Animals upon Incision The way of Ligature by Metalline Rings by you mention'd is an Expedient I have not used but other Ligatures I have upon a great number of our English Plants not without the discovery of many curious Phenomena The success of an Experiment of this Nature upon Cataputia minor Lobel was as followes I tied a silk-thread upon one of the Branches of this Plant as hard as might be and not break the skin there follow'd no greater swelling that I could discern on the one side than on the other although in often repeating the Experiment some silks were left hours and dayes unloosed and yet the dimple which the thread had made in the yielding branches had a little raised the immediate sides but both alike the Plant in like manner would bleed very freely both above and under the Tye. This was also I thought very remarkable amongst other things in this Experiment that in drawing the Rasour round about the branch just above or below the Tye the Milky Juyce would suddenly spring out of infinite small holes besides the made orifice for more than half an inch above and below the Tye which seems to argue that though there was no Juyce intercepted in appearance from any turgescence as in the like process upon the members of a Sanguineous Animal yet the Veins were so over-thronged and full that a large orifice was not sufficient to discharge the sudden impetus and pressure of a some-ways streighten'd Juyce I have endeavou'rd many wayes to discover the Configuration of the Veins of Vegetables and their other constituent parts and Texture but enough of this in one Letter 4. March 17. 1670. York To the end that I might satisfie my self about some of the doubts I sent you I have been most concern'd according to former thoughts and inclinations in examining the Truth of these Quaeries viz. Whether Saps are not to be found at all seasons of the year in a much like Consistence and Quantity in the respective parts of a Vegetable and what Communication one part of a Plant may have with another in relation to the Ascent and Decent of Sap Now because Sap is then said to Ascend from the Root when it is found to move in Tapping I lopp'd off certain Branches of a Sycamore the morning betimes of a hard Frost Febr. 21. before they would bleed or shew any signe of moisture This I
Exception obliging me thereto Concerning the fifth and last proposition of the first paper it might be more intelligibly experssed thus viz. That the substance or fibrous part of many Vegetable Excrescencies seems not to be the food of the worms found in them My meaning is that the worms in those Vegetable Excrescencies which produce Ichoneumons to which kind of Insect we would limit this proposition and therefore expunge all other instances these worms I say do not seem to devour the substances or fibrous part of them as other worms eat the Kernels of nuts c. but that what-ever their manner of feeding is and we doubt not but that they are nourish't in and upon some part of them the Vegetable Excrescencies still mightily increase in bulk and rise as the worms feed It is observable to endeavour a Solution that some of the Ichneumons delight to feed of a liquid matter as the Eggs of Spiders the juices if not Eggs within the bodies of Caterpillers and Maggots Whence we conjecture that those of the same Genus to be found in Vegetable Excrescencies may in like manner suck in the juices of the equivalent parts of Vegetables And this the dry and spongy texture of some of those kind of Excrescencies seems to evince For if you cut in Pieces a wild-poppy-head for example or the great and soft balls of the Oak you 'l find in those partitions wherein these worms are lodged nothing but a pithy substance like that of young Elder and if there chance to be any cells yet unseised which I have sometimes observed the feeds therein will be found yet entire and ripe Whence very probably they feed upon or suck-in by little and little the yet liquid pulp of the tender seeds and leave the substance or fibrous part to be expanded into an Excrescence As for matter of Fact to clear the truth of that opinion that the divers races of Ichneumons are generated by their respective Animal-parents and particularly that which the divers Excrescencies of Vegetables produce are not plantigenous I am in great hopes the instance of Poppy-heads swoln into Excrescencies will favour us the next season My expectation is chiefly grounded upon the condition and nature of that plant which is such that nothing can pierce the skin of it and wound it but it must necessarily leave a mark of its entry the milky juice springing upon the lightest puncture and drying and concreting suddainly into a red scar And this I think I may affirm that of the many heads grown into Excrescencies which I gathered this Summer all had more or less of those marks upon them But our aim is heer only to make way for the Observation against the next season to which purpose also we propose the following Quaere's 1. Whether the shagged balls of the Wild Rose are not Excrescencies grown from the bud and very fruit of the plant like as the Wild-Poppy-heads are apparently not for worms but seed 2. Whether the large and soft balls of the Oak are not in like manner the bud and acorn with all the parts of a sprouting branch thus monstrously perverted from the first design of nature 3. Upon what parts or juices the Ichneumons-wroms supposed to be thrust into Caterpillars and other Maggots can be thought to feed And whether there be not actually Eggs in Caterpillars and Maggots as there are to be observed in their respective Chrysalis's sufficient to serve them for food Concerning the name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 although I could willingly refer you to Mr. Ray who is another Hesychius yet for present satisfaction I shall transcribe what the Excellent Critique G. Vossius saith c. 16. de Inimicitia Ichneumon i.e. Mus Pharaonis sive Aegyptiacus Crocodili Aspidis ova indagat unde illi Ichneumonis nomen quasi dicâ—s Indagatorem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Reperta utriusque ovâ— conterit ut est apud Oppianum in 30 de Venationâ— Nicander tamen ait cum Aspidis ova humi mandare Now a like Observation of certain Insects of the Wasp-kind made no doubt by some of the Ancients occasioned the application of that name to Wasps as well as to that Aegyptian Mouse Yet cannot I remember to have met with in any of the Ancients of more than one text concerning those Wasps viz. Aristot de Hist. Anim 5. c. 20. which Pliny vid. lib. 11. c. 21. hath rendred in a manner verbatim thus Vespae quae Ichneumones vocantur sunt autem minores quà m aliae unum genus ex araneis perimunt phalangium appellatum in nidos suos ferunt deinde illinunt ex iis incubando suum genus procreant How far this relation is true and agreeable to modern Observations we shall have perhaps occasion to discourse of else-where Our design here is only to tell you that we have enough to make us believe that those very Insects we have been treating of are for kind the Ichneumons of the Antients A Letter York Januar. 10. 1671. containing an account of Veins observ'd in Plants analogoue to Humain Veins SIR I Am very much pleased when you give me to understand that somthing is published of the Anatomy of Vegetables and that more is designed by that excellent person Signior Malpighi And since the receipt of your last I have perused the very ingenious Book of Dr. â—rew and as far as I have observed these matters all things therein are faithfully delivered and with great sagacity In turning over my Notes made some years agoe I find among other things of this nature some few Observations concerning the Veins of Plants or such Ductâ—â—'s as seem to contain and carry in them the noblest juices of Plants Of these there is little or no mention made in this curious Tractate unless under the notion of Pores And because I am of the opinion that they will prove vessels Analogous to our Hu man Veins and not meer Pores they shall if you please be the subject of your entertainment in this Letter and the rather that if they prove Veins as I little doubt them they are not to be passed over in silence but are early to be accounted for in the Anatomy of Vegetables To avoid ambiguity Those parts of a Plant which Pliny lib. 16. 38. calls by the names of Venae and Pulpae are nothing else in my opinion but what our late Author Dr. Crew calls Fibres and Insertments or the Lignous body interwoven with that which he takes to be Cortical that is the several distinctions of the Grain Now that the vessels we are about to discourse of are not any of the Pores of the Lignous body to use the Doctors terms is plain in a traverse Cut of Angelica Sylvestris magna vulgatior J. B for example the Veins there very clearly shew themselves to an attentive view to be distinct from Fibres observable in the Parenchyma of the same Cortical body together with themselves the Milky juice still rising besides and not
in any Fibre Also in the like cut of a Burdock in June the like juice springs on this and on that side of the radii of the Woody circle that is in the Cortical body and pith only Again where there is no pith there is none of these Veins as in the Roots of plants and Trunks of trees but ever in the Bark of either I need not here enumerate the many Plants wherein these particulars are most plainly observable as in Sphondylium Cicutaria many of the Thiâ—sle kind c. Further Neither are they probably of the number of the Pores described by our Author in the Cortical body or Pith. Not surely of those Pores extended by the breadth because the course of the juice in these vessels is by the length of the plant as I have sometimes very plainly traced in the pith of a dryed Fennel-stalk following them by dissection quite through the length of the pith It remains that if Pores they are of those pores of the Cortical body that are supposed to be extended by the length thereof which yet seems to me at least not enough but we think them vessels invested with their own proper membranes analogous to the Veins of our Humaine body for these reasons 1. Because they are to be found in the Pith and sometime in the Cortical body of a plant not included within the common Tunicle of any Fibres as is above noted that Fibers or the Seminal root are cloathed is most plain in some plants as in Fern and Geranium Batrachoides the Fibres of the former are coated at least in some parts of the plant with a black skin in the latter likewise with a red one And in these cases had they not I say their own proper membranes we see no cause why the very porous and spongy body of the Pith and Cortex should not be in all places filled alike with the juice and not rise as most plainly it doth in a few determinate and set places only that is according to the position and order of these vessels 2. Again the Experiment I made which you were pleased to publish concerning the effect of a ligature on Cataputia minor Lâ—bel viz. the sudden springing of the Milky juice out of infinite pores besides the Incision the cause of which Phoenomenon I take be the dissected veins impetuously discharging themselves of part of their juice within the porous Panenchyma of the Bark whence it is probable that if there was no coated vessel to hold this milky juice we might well expect its springing upon the bare ligature as when we squeez a wet Sponge the external Cuticle of the plant as this Experiment shews being actually perforated In the next place it is very probable that these vessels are in all Plants whatsoever For as it is truth-like of all the other substantial parts of plants though specified by divers accidents in Figure and Texture so of these Veins which though they be discernable mostly in those plants where they hold discouloured juices yet we may very probably think that they are not wanting where the eye finds not that assistance in the challenging of them And in these very plants where they are least visible there is yet a time when they are if not in all yet in some parts of these plants plain enough to the naked eye The tender shoots of the Greater and Lesser Maple in May are full of a milky juice viz the known liquor of these Veins Again to this purpose If you apply a clean knife blade to a travers cut of the like Shoots of Elder the Gummy liquor of these Veins will be drawn forth into visible strings as is the nature of Bird-lime of the bark of Holly or the milk of Cataputia minor Lobel Further The leaf stalks of our Garden Rubarb do sometimes shoot by what accident we enquire not here a transparent and very pure Chrystallin Gumm though the Veins that held this gummy juice are by no ordinary means visible in them and yet by comparing the nature and properties of this Gum with that of the Gums of other Vegetables to be of theirs by the same comparative Anatomy Lastly we think that even Mushromes that seemingly inferiour and imperfect order of Vegetables are not exempt and destitute of these Veins some of them yielding a milky juice hot and fiery not unlike some of the Spurge kind or Euphorbium It might be expected that I should add somethings at least concerning the Original and Productions of these Veins if not an exact description of them the course of the juices in them and their more immediate and primary uses in the matter of Vegetation But I must acquaint you that besides the season is not now proper to improve and verifie if I had leisure the Observations formerly noted and that they were things thrown into my Adversaria without other order than that nothing should slip from me in the quest of Medicaments that might be of light although I find indeed many scattered particulars besides them already delivered concerning the Position Order Number Capacity Distributions Differences Figure c. of these Veins you will be pleased to take it in good part if I think fitting to reserve them until the opportunity of another Summers review It seeming to me no small matter to have fairly hinted the existence of them to such curious persons as shall have the leisure and find themselves in better circumstances than I can pretend to as to those great advantages of Glasses Designing c. To conclude with the primary use of these Veins which is in my opinion to carry the Succus nutritius of Plants because where they are not there is no Vegetation as it is seen if an ingrafted Branch or Arm be bared and stripped off the clay c. in June all the course of Vegetation will appear to have been made only by the Bark and not by the Wood that is in the place only where these veins are A secondary use is the rich furniture of our Shops for from these Veins only it is that all our Vegetable Drugs are extracted and infinite more might be had by a diligent enquiry and easy means which I have not unsuccefully put in practice witness the black Resin I not long since sent you a specimen of An Account of a Stone cut out from under the tongue of a Man sent in a Letter to his Grace the Lord Arch-Bishop of York May it please your Grace IN obedience to your Grace's Commands I have penned the Circumstances of a not common Medical observation viz. the Excision of a stone from under the tongue And I here with present your Grace also with the stone its self as I had it from the person it was taken As to the occasion and time of its birth he tels me My Lord you may be pleas'd to give firm Credit to every particular that he hath answered me at your Grace's instance it was from a winter Sea-voyage
the Flames which I am induced to believe because there seem to be fragments of such things to be found 'T is certain the natural colour of the Clay is not altered by burning So that both the degrees of heat and manner of burning might be different And one of these Potsherds as I have tried baked over again in our Ovens will become red As to the two last kind of Urns its likely the first of them with their particles of Mica in it were made of a sandy blue Clay of which nature there is good plenty among the Western Mountains of Yorkshire and particularly at Carleton in Oatley Parish not far off Ickley a Roman station The red Urns seem to have been their Master-piece wherein they shewed the greatest Art and seemed to glory most and to eternize their names on them I have seen great varieties of Embossed work on them And lastly for the elegant manner of glazing it is far â—eater indeed and more durable than our modern way of Leading which is apt to crack and crase both with wet and heat and at the fire is certainly unwholsome by reason of the fumes Lead usually emits being a quick vaporable Metal This ancient glazing seems to have been done by the Brush or dipping for both inside as well as outside of the Urn are glazed and that before the Baking And something of the Materials of it seems to be remembred by Pliny Lib. 36. C. 19. Fictilia ex bitumine Inscripta non delentur The Painting of Pots with bitumen is indelible And again Tingi solidas exbiâ—umine Statuas lib. 35. c. 15. The bitumen he sayes sinks into the very Stones and Pots which is something more thaâ— glazing The great plenty of these Urns found in many parts of England seems to argue them also of English Manufacture but where I cannot guess unless wrought at the Bole Mines of which Clay alone they seem to be made in Cleveland for that that barren tract of Land called Blackmoor was well known to the Romans the Jet Rings taken up withthese Vrns doth sufficiently testifie Now Bole and Jet are no where that I know of to be found with us in England but in that Tract beings Fossils peculiar to those Mountains Of these Jet Rings some are plain and others wrought but all of them of an extraordinary bigness being at least three Inches diameter and yet the inward bore is not above an inch and an half which makes them too little for the Wrists of any Man as they are much too big for the Fingers so that probably they were never worn either as Armilla or Anuli One of each sort I have by me which I carefully redeemed of the Workman besides many others which were broken found about a sort of Urns in York fields And since we are upon the subject of Plasticks or the Roman Clay-work we cannot but take notice of the opinion of Cambden Who will have the Obelisks at Burrow-Briggs in this County Artificial when in truth they are nothing less being made of a course Rag or Milstone-grit but without doubt the bigness of the Stone surprized him either not thinking them portable or perhaps not any English rock fit to yield natural Stones of that magnitude But Roman Monuments I suppose none doubt them because pitched here by a very remarkable and known Roman station Isurium Also two Roman Alters I have seen of this Stone one the original of that at Ickley mentioned in Cambden Another in the possession of that ingenious Antiquary Mr. Thirsby late of Leeds And this I think sufficient to disprove that mistake of Cambden That the Stones at Burrow-briggs are artificial There is but one only instance that I ever yet met with of the Romans ever having used in these parts of England any other sort of Stone yet is it not the common lime stone but a certain Stone had from the Quarries about Malton because of the Lapides Judaici by me formerly described to be seen in the texture of it It is small but elegant Alter with Figures in Basso Relievo of Sacrificing instruments c. It has suffered an unlucky accident by the stupid ignorance of the Masons who were ordered by the late Lord Fairfax to place it upon a Pedestal in the Court of his House at YORK Yet the Inscription which they had miserably defaced was by chance preserved I. O. M. DIS DEABUS QUE HOSPITALIBUS PE NATIBUS QUE OB CONSERVATAM SALVTEM SUAM SUORVM QUE P. AEL MARCIAN US PRAEF COH ARAM. SAC F. NC D. An account of a Monstrous Animal cast out of the Stomach by Vomit Phi Coll. Num. 6. SIR I Send you here inclosed the true and exact shape of a Worm which a man Vomited up here the last week I found it my self in the Blood which came up with it having caused it to be washt for the more careful examination of it much of the Blood being clods of a kind of skinny and fleshy substance Haud alitèr quà m in Mulierum molis excernendis accidere solet Of this kind of Blood there was about two pound weight saved in the washing and this odd Animal amongst it which was easily discovered by me being of a dark green colour like a Horse-Leech and spotted not unlike some of them I could perceive when I fouud it no life or motion it had the Girle that washed the Blood having almost beaten off a Finn and part of one of the forks of the Tail and burst the belly of it yet it was curiously and regularly shaped in all its members as is fully exprest by the pains of a most excellent Artist who Limmed it by the thing it self not two hours after I had it under my eye that nothing might be added but what was very true and natural The Spirit of Wine in which I put it has altogether changed it as to its colour but yet it still remains perfect enough to satisfie any curious person This honest man a Baker imagined he drank it the last Summer in pond water of which he was used to drink after sore labour in his calling This is certain he had about his Stomach and right side a most exquisite and tormenting pain for at least four Months last past which many times threw him into horrours and chillness ague-like and indeed when he vomited this up he was the sickest-man I ever saw not to dye He also voided Blood by Stool several dayes also and now I do believe he will recover although his pains are not wholly ceased To say what this Creature is I dare scarce venture You know how long I have made it my diversion to search into the nature of Inâ—ects and it is no small progress I have made therein yet I am at a loss where to place this Animal for that it is not like any thing I ever yet saw in Nature However it makes me give more credit than I did to several stories of a like nature which we frequently