benefytes ueritie is that by the which any sayinges or doings be recited or shewed by approuable reason without to adiust dimynishe or to make it any otherwise then it is of force force or for to haue a sure and stedfaste courage amonge the aduersities of labours and perils that may happen to come or in to the which a person may fal and the branches be these magâ—ificence confidence tollerance rest stablenesse perseuerance and reason magnificence is a ioyous clerenesse of courage administringe thinges laudable and magnificenciall that is to say hye or great confidence is to arest and hold strongly his thought and his courage by vnmouable constance among such things as be aduers aud contrary tollerance is cotidianly or daily suffring and bearing the strange improbites and molestees that is to say persecutions obâ—robries and iniuries that other folke doth reste is a vertue by the which a likernesse is geuen vnto the thought of contempment of the vnstablenesse of transitory things and worldly vanities stablenesse is for to haue the thought or courage stedfast and sure without castinge it on diuers things by any varying or changing of time or places perseuerance is a vertue that establisheth and confirmeth the courage by a perfection of vertues that is in a man and be perfite by force of longanimitie reason is a vertue by the which a man commaundeth to do such thinges as be conceyled and delyuered for to come to the ende whych a man knoweth to be good and vtyle to be done and had here endeth the floure of vertues and how they be named and signifyed in the tree figured howe shepardes by calculation and speculation knowe the .xii. signes in their course reygning and domining on the .xii. partes of mans body and which be good for letting of blud and which be indifferent or euill for the same capitulo .xxii. some shipardes say that a man is a little worlde by hym selfe for the lykenesses and similytudes that he hath of the great worlde whych is the aggregation of the nyne skyes foure elementsâ— and all thinges in them conteyned first a man hath such a likenesse in the first mobile that is the soueraigne skye and principall partes of the great world for like as in his first mobyle the zodiake is deuided in .xii. parts by the .xii. signes so man is deuided in .xii. parts holdeth of the signes euery parte of his signe as this figure sheweth the signes be these aries taurus gemini cancer leo uirgo libra scorpio sagittarius capricornus aquarius and pisces of the which three be of the nature of the fyre that is aries leo and sagittarius and three of the nature of the ayre gemini libra and aquariâ—s and three of the nature of water cancer scorpio and pisces and three of the nature of earth taurus uirgoâ— and capricornus the first that is aries gouerneth the head and the face of man taurus the necke and the throte boll gemini the shoulders the armes and handes cancer the brest sydes mylte and lightes leo the stomake the hart and the backe uirgo the belly and the entrayles libra the nauill the graynes and the parts vnder the branches scorpio the priuie parties the genytailes the bladder and the foundement sagittarius the thighes only capricoruus the knees only also aquarius the legges and from the knees to the heeles and ancles and pisces hath the feete in his dominion a man ought not to make incision ne touch with yron the member gouerned of any signe the day that the moone is in it for feare of the greate effusion of blud that mighte happen ne in likewyse also when the sunne is in it for the daunger and perill that might ensue hereafter foloweth the nature of the .xii. sygnes aries is good for bludde lettinge when the moone is in it saue in the part that it domineth aryes hot and dry nature of fyre and gouerneth the heade and the face of man good for bleeding when the moone is in it taurus is euill for bleeding taurus is dry and colde nature of the earth and gouerneth the necke and the knoâ— vnder the throte and is euill for bleeding gemini is euill for bleeding gemini is hot and moyste nature of ayre and gouerneth the shoulders the armes and the two handes and is euill for bleeding cancer is indifferent for bleeding cancer is colde and moyst nature of water and gouerneth the brest the stomake and the mylte and indifferent that is to saye neyther to good ne to bad for letting of blud leo is euill for bleeding leo is hot and drye nature of fier and gouerneth the backe and the sydes and is euill for bleeding uirgo is indifferent for bleeding uirgo is colde and dry nature of earth and gouerneth the wombe and inward partes and is not good ne very euill for bleeding libra is right good for bleeding libra is hot and moyst nature of ayre and gouerneth the nauill the reynes and the low partes of the wombe and is good for bleeding scorpius is indifferent for bleeding scorpius is colde and moyst nature of water and gouerneth the members of man and is neyther good ne bad for bleeding sagittarius is good for bleeding sagittarius is hot and dry nature of fier and gouerneth the thighes and is good for bleeding capricornus is euill for bleeding capricornus is colde and dry nature of earth and gouerneth the knees and is euill for bleeding aquarius is indifferent for bleeding aquarius is hot and moyst nature of ayre and gouerneth the legges and is neyther good ne euill for bleeding pisces is indifferent for bleeding pisces is colde and moyste nature of water and gouerneth the feete and is neyther good ne bad for bleeding aries libra and sagittarius be right good cancer uirgo scorpio aquarius and pisces be indifferent taurus gemini leo and capricornus be euill for bleeding a picture of the phisnomy of mans body and sheweth in what partes the .vii. planets hath domination in man cap. xxxiiii we may know by this figure the bones and ioynts of all the parties of the body as wel within as without of the head necke shoulders armes handes sydes brest backe haunches thighes knees legges and of the feete the which bones shal be named and numbred hereafter and it is called the figure anothomy by this figure one may vnderstand the parties of mans body ouer the which the planets hath might and domination to kepe them from touching any iron ne to make incision of bludde in the veynes that procede in the time while that the planet of the saide partie is conioyned with any other planet maneuolent without hauing regarde of some good planette that might encombre and let his euill course ¶ the names of the bones in a mans body and the number of them which is mall two hundred eyght and forty capitulo xiiii first on the sommet of the head is a bone that couereth the braine the which shepards call the capitall bone
iuly and august the shepardes in soÌ„mer bin clothed with lyghte gownes syngle their shyrtes shetes that they lye in bin lynnen for of al clothes it is the coldest thy haue dowblettes of sylke of sey or of canuas manerly made and they eate lyght meates as chekyns with vergyous yonge harts rabette lectuse purcelayne melons gourdes cocumbres peres plommes suche fyshe as are named afore and also they eate of meates that refresheth also they eate lyttle and often they breke theyr faste or dyne in the morninge or euer the sonne aryse aud go to supper or it discende they eate often of the aboue sayde meates and sourer for to gyue them an appetyte they eate but lyttle salte meates and refrayne them from scratching they drynke oft freshe water sodden with sugercandy and other refreshinge waters and they do it alwaye when they byn thyrsly saue onely at dinner and supper tyme and then they drinke feble grene â—yne or single beare or small ale also they keepe them from ouer great trauell or ouer forsing them solfe for in this tyme is nothinge more greuous then chafynge in this season they eschewe the company of women and they bathe them oft in colde water to asswage the heate of theyr bodyes enforced by laboures alway they haue with them sugercaâ—dy or other suger and dredge wherof they take lyttle and often and eche daie in the morninge they force them bi coughinge and spittinge to voide fleumes and voide them aboue and belowe the beste that thei maie and washe their handes with freshe water their mouth and vysage ¶ the regement for haruest september october and nouember in haruest shepardes byn clothed after the maner of prymetyme saue their clothes byn a little warmer in this time they do dylygence to purge and clense them and lettinge them blud to tempre the humours of theyr bodyes for it is the most contagyous tyme of the yeare in the which perillous infirmities happeneth and commethe and therfore thee eate good and holsome meates as caponnes hennes yonge pygeon that beginne to flye and drinketh good wynes other good drynkes without makinge excesse in this time they kepe them frome eating of fruites for it is a daungerous season for agnes they say that he had neuer ague that neuer eate fruite in this tyme they drinke no water and they put no parte of them in colde water but their handes their face they kepe their heades fro colde in the nyght and morning slepe not in the none time kepe them from ouer great traueyle endure not to much hunger ne thyrft but eat when it is tyme and not when their mawes be full ¶ the regyment for winter time december ianuary and february the shepardes in wynter byn clothed in thycke gownes of rough clothe hye shorne well furred with foxe for it is the warinesse furryng that is and cattes conyes lambes and dyuers other thycke furres that be good and holsome in the tyme of wynter shepardes do eate befe porke and brawne of hartes hindes and all maner of venyson pertryches fesauntes hares fowles of the ryuer and other meates that they loue best for that is the season of the yeare that nature suffreth moste greate plentye of vyttayle for the naturall heate that is drawen within the bodye an this tyme also they drynke ofte stronge wynes after theyr coÌ„plexion bastard wyne or osey two or three tymes in the weke they vse good spyces in theyr meates for this is the most holsome tyme of all the yere in the which coÌ„meth no syckenesse but by greate excesse outrages done to nature or by euyll gouernement shepardes saye also that prymetyme is hotte moyst of the nature of ayre complexion of the sanguine that in the same time nature reioyseth the pores openeth the blud spredeth through the veynes more then another tyme sommer is hotte and dry of the nature of fyre and complexion of coleryke in the which tyme one ought to kepe him from all thinges that moueth to heate al excesse and hot meates haruest is colde and drye of the nature of earthe and complexion of melancoly in the which tyme one ought to kepe him from doynge excesse more then in other times for daunger of sykenesses to the which that tyme is dysposen but winter is colde and moyst of the nature of water and complexion of flumatyke then a man ought to kepe him warme and myanely for to lyue in health ¶ here it ought to be noted that a man is made and fourmed of the foure elementes of the which one hath domination alwayes aboue the other that maÌ„ on whom the fyre domineth is sayde coleryke that is to saye hot and drye he on whom the ayre hath domination is sayde sanguyne that is to saye hot and moyst he on whom the water hath domination is sayde colde moyst that is to say flumatike and he on whom the earth reygneth is sayde melancolyke that is to saye colde and drye of the whiche complexions shal be spoken in the begynnynge of the physonomy more largely ¶ a regement of shepardes of certeyne thynges good for the body of man and of other dyuers thinges apposyte to the same cap. xxviii ¶ god for the brayne ¶ to smell the sauour of muske and of quybyles of camamell to drinke wyne mesurably to eate sage not to much to couer thy heade of the washynge of thy handes and feete mesurably walkynge mesurably slepynge to here sweete noyses of minstralsy or syngynge to eate mustarde and peper to smel the red rose and washe thy temples with water of redde roses ¶ euyll for the brayne ¶ all maner brayne of beastes gluttony dronkennesse late supper to sleepe muche after meate corrupte ayre anger heuynesse to vncouer thy heate to eate softely to much heate to moch wakinge to much walkyng milke chese nuttes to eate or thou be an hungred bathynge after meate onyons garlike greate noyse to smell to a whyte rose and much steringe ¶ good for the eyen ¶ the red rose veruayne rewe fenell salendyne enfrage pympernell oculi christi to plunge thyne eyen in clere water oft to loke on greene coloure mesurable slepe to loke in a fayre glasse ofte to washe thy handes and feete make the stamake well defyed and to loke ofte one golde also ¶ euyll for the eyen ¶ powder garlyke onyons hunger lekes wakynge and wind hot ayre colde ayre dronkennesse gluttony mylke chese much beholdinge of bryght thynges aswell red as whyte mustarde anone to slepe after meate to muche slepynge to much wakinge to much lettynge of blud colde wortes smoke all thinge that is pepered lechery an hot fyre before the syght euyl bakeÌ„ brede duste to muche wepynge all this euyl for the eyen ¶ good for the throte ¶ hony suger butter with a lyttle salt lycoras to suppe softe egges isope meane maner of eatynge and drinkinge and sugercandy this is good for the throte ¶ euyll for the throte ¶ mustarde
or when hys wyttes as his eyen his eares the other do not kindly their operations in likewise when he may not labour and trauel also when he forgetteth lightly that which of necessitie ought to be kept in memory and when he spitteth often or when his nosethrilles aboundeth in superfluous humours and when he is negligent in his workes and when his flesh is blowen or swollen in the vysage in hys legges or his secte or when his eyen be holowe in his heade these ben the sygnes that sygnifyeth a man being in sickenesse and who that hath most of the foresayd signes most is sicke other maner of signes almost semblable to them aboue sayd and sheweth the replexion of euill humours for to be purged of them cap. xxvi replection of euillâ— humours and dysposition of syckenesse after the opinion of shepardes the whych replection is to knowe howe to pourge the sayde humoures that they engendre no sickenes byn broken by the signes that foloweth ¶ fyrst when a man hath ouer greate rednesse in the face in the handes or in the nayles hauynge also the veines full of bludde or blede to much at the nose or to often or to haue peyne in the forheade also when the eares soundeth when the eyen watereth or be ful of gumme haue the vnderstandinge troubled when the pouâ—â— beateth to faste when the belly iâ— longe resolute and laxe and when one hath the syght troubled and eatynge also without appetyte and all the other sygnes before sayd bin by the whiche one may know the body euyll dysposed and haue in it corrupte humoures superflous and euyll ¶ thus fynysheth of the sygnes by the which shepardes know when they byn ole and well dysposed and other sygnes opposyts by the whiche they knowe when they bin syck or euill disposed ¶ a deuision and regyme of tyme of the which shepardes vseth after that the season tyme requyreth cap xxvii for to remedy the syckenesses and infirmities that a man hath to kepe hym from theÌ„ that he doubteth to come shepardes say that the time naturally channgeth foure times in a yer so they deuyde the yere in foure quarters that is ver sommer haruest wynter and in eche of these quarters they gouerne them as the seasons requyreth to theyr myndes the better it is for them and as the â—eason chaungeth so chaunge they theyr maner of lyuynge doyng and say that chaungynge of tyme without takynge good hede ofteÌ„ engendreth infyrmitiesâ— for that in one tyme behoueth not to vse some meates that byn good â—n an other tyme as that vse in wynter is not all good in sommer and so of the other seasons ¶ and for to knowe the changynge of tyme after these sayd parties they consyder the course of the son dy the xii sygnes and saye that euery of the sayd iiiiâ— quarters and seasons dureth thre monethes and that the sonne passeth by three sygnes that is to wyte in primetyme by pisces aries and taurus and these be the monethes february marche and april that the earth and trees reioyseth and chargeth with grene leues and â—oures that is a pleasure to beholde in sommer by gemini caÌ„cer and leo and the monethes byn may iune and iuly that the fruites of the earth â—â—oweth and rypeth in haruest by uirgo libra and scorpio and the â—onethes byn august september and october that the earthe and trees dyschargeth fruites and leaues and that tyme eche felleth and gathereth the â—â—ites in wynter by sagittarius capricornus and aquarius and the moâ—ethes byn nouember december ianuary that the earth and trees ben as deade and vncloâ—hed of leues fruites and of all grenesse after the which â—â—ureâ— seasons shepardes deuiseth the tyme that man maye lyue in foure ages as youth strength age and decrypte ben likened to the foure seasons of the yere that is to wyt youth to pryme tyme that is hot moist as thâ— herbs trees of the earth groweth so doth man in youth vnto xxv yere growâ— of body in strength beautie and vigoure force is lykened vnto sommer hoâ— and dry and the body of man is in his force and vigoure and entrypeth vntoâ— xlv yere age is compared to the tyme of haruest colde and drye that man leâ—ueth of growinge febleth and thinketh how together and spare for feare oâ— defaute and nede wheâ— he commeth to stopwing age and dureth to .lvi. yereâ— decrepyte is likened to the season of winter colde humyde by habundancâ— of colde humours and defaute of naturall heate in the which time man spenâ—deth that which he had gathered and kept in the tyme passed and if he hauâ— spared nothing he abydeth poore and naked as the earth and trees and duâ—reth vnto .lxii. yeare or more primetyme is hot and moyste nature of ayreâ— and complexion of the sanguyne sommer is hot and drye nature of fyre and complexion of coieryke haruest is colde and drye nature of earth and comâ—plexion of the melancoly winter is colde and moyste nature of water comâ—plexion of the flumatyke when complexion is well proportioned it feeleth iâ— selfe better disposed in the tyme semblable to it then it doeth in other tymesâ— but for that euery man is not well complexioned they ought to do as shâ—â—pardes doth that is to take regyment to kepe them self after the seasons anâ— gouerneth them by theyr ensygnements and teachings the which they vseâ— euery quarter of the yeare for to lyue the longer wyselyer and merely the regyment for primetyme march april and may. in primetyme shepardes kepe them selues metely well clothed noâ— ouer colde ne ouer hot as with lynseywolsy doublettes of fustian anâ— gownes of a meetely length furred with lambe most commonly iâ— this tyme is good letting of blud to auoyde the euyll humours that were gaâ—thered in the body the wynter tyme if syckeuesse happen in prymetyme it iâ— not of his nature but procedeth of the humours gathered in the wynter pasâ—sed prymetyme is a temperate tyme to take medicines for them that bâ— corporate and full of thycke humours to purge them in this tyme theâ— ought for to eate lyght meates that refresheth as chekyns kyddes with veâ—â—gyous borage beetes yolkes of egges egges in moneshyne roches perchesâ— pykerelles and all scaled fysh drinke temperate wyne bere or ale so that they be not to stronge ne ouerswete for in this time all swete things ought not to be vsed and a man ought to sleepe long in the morning and not on the dayeâ— the shepardes haue a generall regle or costume for all seasons that auaiâ—leth much againste all infirmities and sickenesses that is not to less his apâ—petite for eating and neuer for to eate without hunger also they saye that alâ— maner of flesh and fyshe is better rosted then sodden and if they ben soden tâ— broyle them on a gredyron or on the coles and they byn the more holsommer ¶ the regement for the tyme of sommer iune