Scotland who is most skilfull in our Arte. The thirteenth Chapter of the tumor in the necke called Bruncoceli or Hernia gutturis THis Tumor which the Greekes call Broncon is rounde great ingendred of the humor Phlegmaticke betwix the trachearter and the skinne sometime occupying the most parte of the necke of the which there are diuers kindes according to the matter contained therein sometime like atâ—â—râ—ma other whiles like aâ—enfrisma The cause is not different from those that it is like vnto yet some are external some internal as coldayre drinking of euill water as those who dwell in Piemont who are much subiect because the most parte of their drinke is melted snowe also the retention of the purgations in women and great aboundance of the humor melancholicke The Signes are most euident to the sight The Iudgementes are that those that come by nature are incureable and those which are like aâ—eâ—frisma must not be touched those that are verie great aocompanied with veines are very dangerous in no wise to be touched those that are tractable must be opened by canter or lancet eschewing alwayes the veines The cure is like vnto atâ—â—râ—ma in the beginning it is good to apply a cake of leade rubbed with quicke siluer or the emplaister de vigo with mercurie and rubbing it with thy hand till it grow redde and vse things to prouoke spitting for the which it shall be expedient to vse fiue or sixe graines of the arabicke pouder in the meane time vse good dyet and thinges to cause loosenes of the bellie bleede in both armes if the maladie requireth Ye shall heare of this at more length in the Treatise of childe-birth by reason sometime it happeneth in time of trauailing The fourtenth Chapter of the tumor called Aneâ—â—risma ANeâ—â—isme is an tumor sofr to the touch the which is ingendred of bloode and spirrit vnder the skin and muscles which happeneth in diuers partes of the bodye chiefly in the neck for which cause we speake of it in this place The cause is eyther dilatation incision or ruption of the arter which often chaunceh to women in the time of their birth to water men and others who vse violent labour through crying or greate violence which dilateth the arter The signes are this tumor in pressing on it with thy finger thou shalt feele great pulsasion and the tumor of the same coulor as the rest of the skin it is soft in touch and yeildeth to the finger by reason the spirrit retireth into the arter and hauing taken away the finger it doth returne presently and in returning making a noyse by reason of the blood and spirit which returneth at a litle incision this happeneth when the Aneâ—frisme is done by Anâ—stomis that is being opened and cut When the arier is riuen as happeneth in women and those of great exercise there issueth foorth more abundance of blood thaÌ„ spirrit and is more harde than the other and maketh lesse noyse in retiring Those which are superficiall in the exterior partes as the head legges and armes may bee knit and are cureable those which are profunde and interior as in the brest as of happenth to those who sweate excessiuely of the Venerian sicknes also those in the neck vnder the armes and flanckes and where there is great dilatation of great arters are not cureable but death ensueth in few dayes If the tumor be opened the patient dieth presentlye this happeneth oftentimes by the vnskilfulnes of the Barbors and Apothecaries that meddle therewith and ruine a number of people through their ignorance as I haue often seene for such people esteeme all tumors that are soft to be opened as common Aposthumes In Paris 1590. there happened such a disease to one called Captane Tayle who was one of the chiefest Captaines amongst the Spaniardes on the right side of his neck for the which I as Chirurgian ordinarie to the regiment was sent for found that it should not be touched of which opinioÌ„ was also my companyon Andrew Scot a man verye expert in his art who was at that time in great practise at Paris and now ChirurgiaÌ„ to the King of Scotland I ordained remedies to let the encreasing of it which receipt of mine being sent to the Apothecarie he thought it not meete medicine for an aposthume as he termed it he sent for his brother the glorious Barbor who seing the Captaine found no difficultie but sware with great othes that he had charmes for al sotes and the Apothecarie sware that hee had salues for al sores so preseÌ„tly opened it with a lancet ro auoide the matter as they thought which being the spirrit bold came forth with such violence that the Captaine died preseÌ„tly I doubt not but that in these countries there be many such things coÌ„mitted by such ignoraÌ„ts so destroy many people I vse alwayes in such chiefly in the neck vnder the arms and in the paps these remedies that I prescribed to the Spaniard that is first to draw blod in both the arms next to apply on the sore cerat Galen or de bolo or this Ree pulueris suhtilissimi boli armenici sanguinis draconis myrtiloruÌ„ lapidis calaminarii in aceto extincti absinthei an vnc 1. cum cerato refrigeraÌ„tis Galeni quantuÌ„ sufficit fiat vnguentuÌ„ siue magdaleon For the same effect I vse a cake of lead rubbed with quicksiluer these things will hinder the growing for a time although it be nere the noble parts If it be in the extremities as legges or armes they may liue a long time by the vsage of the aforesaid remedies I knew a womaÌ„ in Paris who had one very gret in her thigh liued 10. yeres if it be litle and superficial I find no better thaÌ„ cataplasme made of claret wine with the crops leaues of cypres which I haue often vsed on the arme when the arter hath been opened in stead of the veine Otherwise I knitt them after this forme first I incise the skin long-wise next discouer the arter and being discouered I passe a needle with a double thread vnder it two inches aboue the incision or ruption of the arter and theÌ„ knitts it with a double knot voydes awaye the blood contained and cureth the wound according to the estate it is in The fiftenth chapter of tumors or aposthumes in the paps THe papps which are part is glandulous ordained by nature partly for the decoration of women and partly to be answerable to the 2. chaÌ„bers of the matrix are ordained for the generation of milk are subiect to diuers diseases as other parts of like substance here we wil only intreat of the aposthume which hapneth in them The cause is such as ye haue heard in other aposthumes and the retensioÌ„ of the purgations also abundaÌ„ce of thick and knotty milk The signes are such as ye haue
roses and mirtlâ—es a little myrhe and aristolochia washing often the sore with oximell If neede require to vse more strong remedies take egipciac and mixe therewith a little arsenic or orpiment and put in the scarrifications which remedies must bee vsed with good iudgement noting where the gangren ceaseth The furie of the maladie being past cause the scarre to fall with honey butter and yolkes of egges If none of these preuaile but that the gangren becometh in sphasell we must vse the like cure as in sphasell for the safetie of the rest of the bodie The sixt Chapter of Sphasell VVEE must heere consider the differences betweene Gangren Sphasell for Gangren is the Latin word and is a mortification of all the partes where it hapneth sauing the bones and is cureable but Sphasell or â—â—deration is a mortification both of soft and solide partes and is no wayes remedied but by amputation it is called the fire of S. Anthonie or S. Martiall The cause is as you haue heard in Gangren ioyned with an euill disposition of the bodie and an humor venemous which commonly corrupteth the bone afore it make any externall showe sometime it proceedeth of olde vlcers that haue bene long orpressed with rotten matter and so corrupteth the bone causeth mortification also biting of vipers mad dogges The signes are these the member waxeth blacke as it were burnt afterwardes rotten which in shorte time ouercommeth the whole bodie the skinne doth come froÌ„ the fleshe The Iudgementes are that it is for the most part incureable and the patient dieth in a colde sweat The cure in so much as may be consisteth onely in amputation of the member which shall bee done in this manner for the friendes must first be aduertised of the danger because often death ensueth as you haue heard either for apprehension weakensse or fluxe of bloud For this cause the learned Celsus calleth it a miserable remedie yet we vse it by reason in so doing there is some hope and in not vsing of it there is none but sodaine death for better it is to loose one member then the whole bodie After this wee must apply on the place of amputation for there is diuersitie of opinions Hippocrates and some others counsell to cutte in the ioynte for it is more easie to be done and also the marrow is not discouered as in other partes and the fluxe of bloud is not so great Others thinke it best to cut foure inches from the ioynt either aboue or vnder according to the putrifaction which is both more easie and sure then in the ioynt For these and sundry other circumstances I aduise to cut foure inches from the ioynt in all amputacions sauing onely if the mortification or riuing of the bone end in the ioynt theÌ„ it may be cut in the ioynt chiefly in the knees but wheresoeuer you make your amputacion remember to cut rather a little of the whole then to leaue any of the infected for if any remaine it infecteth the rest and so requireth newe amputacion The place of amputacion noted we situate the sicke after a fitte maÌ„ner hauing respect both to the nature and qualitie of the parte and to our owne commoditie then you shall haue two men to holde the patient next the Chirurgian shall commaund the sicke to bend and put out the member to the ende the skin veines arters may be the more lengthened that after the amputacion they be more apparent so be knitte or canterized That being done the Chirurgian shall pull vp the skin muscles as much as he can afterwardes he shall take a strong ribband and bind the member fast aboue the place two inches where the amputacion shall be The vse of this ribband is diuers first it holdeth the member hard that the instrumeÌ„t may cutte more surely secondly that the feeling of the whole part is stupified rendred insensible thirdly the fluxe of bloud is stayed by it fourthly it holdeth vp the skin and muscles which couer the bone after it is loosed and so maketh it more easie to heale The bandage thus made we cut the fleshe with a rasor or knife that is somewhat crooked like a hooke the flesh being cut to the bone it must be scraped with the backe of the saide knife made purposely for that effect to the ende the periost that couereth the bone be not painefull in cutting the bone otherwise it teareth with the sawe and causeth great dolor and also letteth the cutting This done sawe the bone being cut we loose the ligature and draw downe the skin to couer the bone in all parts If there be great putrifactioÌ„ let it bleede a little for that dischargeth the part so is lesse subiect to inflamation then we put the extremities of the fingers on the orifices of the great veines and arters to stay them from bleeding till we either knit or canterize them one after another as shall be thought expedient Where there is putrifaction we stay the fluxe of bloud by canters actuall where there is no putrifaction nor malignitie of humor we vse the ligature The canter or actuall fire maketh a scale stayeth the bleeding draweth to it consumeth the malignitie virulencie of the humor which is in the part so in that point is better then knitting by reason that in knitting we loose much bloud and by drawing the veines bâ—â—ick decourbing or other instrument they doe breake also being knit doe often vnloose so I find the fire more expedient being done in this maâ—ner We must haue three or foure little instrumentes of iron crooked at the ende the point in forme of a button made red hot which wee take and apply on the veines one after another holding them a certaine space till the scale be made yet not burning much of the veine In amputacion without putrifaction I find the ligature more expedient being done thus first thou shalt holde thy fingers on the veines and in the other let one loose and take hold of it with thy beck de corbing or other meet instrument taking a little flesh with it then put through a needle with a stroÌ„g threed knit with a double knot tying a little of the flesh with the veine which will make it hold the better but if this slip as oft it happeneth yee shall doe in this manner first in putting through the needle begin in the vtter skinâ— an ynch aboue the wound by the side of the veine cause it come out a crosse in the wounde by the side of the veine yet lower down than the orifice thereof then put through your needle in the other side of the veine through the wounde cause it come out of the wound on the skin an inch broade from the place it went in then knit it hard putting a little peece of cloth doubled betwixt the two threads to the end the knot enter not
Those which are in the flesh not touching veines nerues nor arters in bodies well composed and where there are no great accidents nor in partes dangerous CO. Which are dangerous LO All those which are interne also in the membranes of the braines in the heart lightes lyuer Diaphragma and great intestins and those that are within three fingers to the iointes also woundes in the nerues which cause conuulsion for their communication with the braines those in the Esophag vines Ingulare in the flanck thighes betwixt the fingers and all those yet are without tumor all woundes in the head both great smal wouÌ„ds that are depe made ouerthwart also some are difficill for the excellencie of the part being necessarie to all the bodie and life it selfe CO. Which are mortall LO All those in the substance of the braines heart lyuer midst of the lightes chist of the gall midst of the Diaphragme stomack milt kidneis small intestines bladder matrix trachearter and spinall medull Also those at the rootes of the emunctoires and noble partes in like manner in the veine caâ—e descending or ascending the veine part great arter or in the back cause present death be reason of the great euacuatioÌ„ of the bloode and spirrits CO. Which aere the particuler signes whereby you know those partes to be mortall LO Euerie one hath a perticuler signe as if the braines or membrane thereof be hurt the blood commeth foorth by the nose by the eares with vomiting of choller voiding of the excrementes vnawares to the partie the face vgly to the sight the feeling dull and vnderstanding hurt the patient falleth into rauing convulsion within 3 or 4 daies We know the heart to be hurt when there cometh out quantitie of blood thick black chiefly if the right side be hurt if the left it is more red and subtill the pulse becometh weake variable the colour pale with vniuersall trembling casting a cold ill sauoured sweat the extremities wax cold often sounding and dieth shortly We knowe the Lights to be hurt when the sicke doth breath with difficultie voyding a spumous blood at the mouth and wound lying on the wounded side speaketh and not on the other side some raue the red colour and heate goeth to the visage in the end issueth quantitie of matter at the wound The Diaphragme being hurt the flancks retire close there is great weight on the part dolor in the rig back cough difficultie of breath with issue of a spumous blood at the wound as in the Lightes If the Liuer be hurt there cometh out great abundance of blood the flanckes retire towards the back the colour like death the eyes sinke in the head want of rest the vrine is bloody the excrements purulent the sick cometh to lie on the belly the dolor is pricking extending to the breast bone and ribbes in respiring he draweth in his shoulders and vomiteth choller Paulus Aegineta reporteth that one lobe of the Liuer may be hurt and yet death not follow of necessitie If the Milt be hurt the blood cometh forth black thick at the wound or left flanck which with the stomack waxeth hard there is great drought dolor in the furcilles as in the Liuer If the Kidneys be hurt the dolor descendeth to the roote of the thigh testicles there is difficultie of vrine pissing of blood sometime blood staieth within the sicke dieth all swollen If the Orifice of the stomack be hurt there ensueth vomiting of choller as also of that which is eaten presently the pulse is weake sweating the extremities cold The stomack and intestine ieiunuÌ„ being hurt haue the same signes with the meat drinke issuing forth at the wound the flancks dolorous and hard the Patient voydeth choller at the mouth spitteth blood with great cold in the extâ—mities The Spinall medull hurt the sicke becometh paraliticke in a conuulsion and looseth the feeling the inferior conduites are relaxed so voydeth the seed vrine or excrements If the Bladder be hurt there is great dolor aboue the yarde pissing of blood voyding of vrine at the wound vomiting of choller cold in the extremities If the Matrix be hurt the dolor doth communicate to the liskes haunches thighes the blood cometh forth partly by the wound partly by the nature some lose sence and reason and some speach haue the same accidents with those that are hurt in the heart If the Intestines be hurt there is great dolor with continuall voyding of the fecall matter at the wound CO. What is to be considered of the Chirurgian touching the Iudgement of wounbs LO First to know what part is hurt the nature thereof whether there be any or no hope of health knowing the parts that are easie to heale difficile mortall also the vsage actioÌ„ substance situation of the same likewise the figure of the wound actions that happen the temperature age sex region season constitution of the time Wounds in the nerues teÌ„dons ioints bones without apparence of tumor are euil signes shew the humor to be brought to the noble part Wounds with fracture behinde are in danger of spaâ—me such being before are in danger of raâ—ing freÌ„sie Iâ— convulsion happen in a wound chiefly after some great inflaÌ„mation it is for the most part mortall sheweth the parts neruous to be hurt Wounds in the head if after x. daies symptons do happen signifie abscesse in the liuer and likewise great desire of drinke signifieth the same Wounds that haue bled much if conuulsion ensue are dangerous as also all thrusts in nerues tendons the vnuoluntarie vomiting of choller wheÌ„ the sick is hurt or the inflaÌ„matioÌ„ lasteth is an euill signe CO. Vntill what time should we stay our Iudgement of woundes in the heade LO Vntill Fortie daies and some late writers till fifteene and twentie daies dayes after which time commeth often feuer and other euill accidents which chaunce often at full Moone and dyeth as I haue sometime noted CO. What time of the yeare is most expedient for curation of woundes LO The spring time when the weather is neither hot nor cold the Autume is euill for the moystnes of the ayte as also the cold winter which is enimie to vlcers and woundes in the membranes and bone as sayth Hyppocrates CO. Howe many pointes are there to bee obserued in curing of woundes LO Fiue first in ordring of vniuersall remedies regimeÌ„t of life aire which must bee hot and temperate the sicke must be nourished with litle meate and of light digestion some-what refrigeratiue if there be feare of feuer or inflamation which danger is most to be feared afore the 7. day abstayne from wine and all strong drinke except through losse of much blood the hart be faint supp lightly abstayn from women and all vehement passions of
Land The eleuenth Chapter of woundes in the Thorax THe Thorax which is domicill to the heart and lights suffereth solution of continuitie in diuers manners whereof some are externe and doe not penetrate others penetrate to some of the partes contayned therein as the heart lightes mediastin and diaphragma some passe throughout of the which some are cureable some incureable and some mortall as yee haue heard in the Chapter Generall as also the Causes and Signes Those which penetrate at the backe are more dangerous then at the interior part because of the veines arters nerues and such like The Cure consisteth in good dyet in the sixe vnnaturall thinges purgation letting of bloud according to the temperature of the body time and Region Those which doe not penetrate differ nothing from the generall of other simple woundes sauing onely in binding which must be incarnatiue sometime narrowe otherwhiles broad according to the difference and scituation of the wounde Touching those which penetrate there is great diuersitie of opinion in the cure some are of the opinion to consolide the wound as soone as may bee to hinder the externe ayre to hurt the partes vitall others giue counsell to holde them open and in case the issue be not large enough to dilate it and make it larger that if there bee any bloud or other thing in the capacitie it may auoyde but which of these wayes ought to bee followed the iudgement of the expert Chirurgian is to bee required knowing first if it doth penetrate which shall bee done in closing his mouth and nose and then holding a candle to the wound if the ayre coÌ„meth forth it is sure that it penetrates if there be bloud in the capacitie you shall know by the ponderositie of the diaphragma accompanied with dolor feuer and vomiting if any chiefe part be offended ye shall know by the signes set downe in the Chapter Generall If neither bloud bee shedde nor any parte offended yee shall conglutinate the wound putting no tent therein vsing onely a little of my balme set downe in the Chapter of Gunshot in the meane time vse one potion vulnerar which doth penetrate If there be any little thing left in the wound nature will easily discharge it for as saith Galen it doth expell not onely that which offendeth through the pannicles but also through the middest of the bones Those which penetrate with effusion of bloud on the diaphragma are not mortall must be tented with a threed at the tent to the ende that if it goe in it may bee drawne out agayne cause the sicke lie on the sore side chiefly when you dresâ—e him that the bloud and mattir may issue at the wound vsing alwaies iniections of barley pimpernell pilosell buglosse scrofularie cheruill all sodden in water putting thereto a little honney or syrrâ—pe of roses with a little white wine for a certaine time Sometime the bloud cannot euacuate by the wound it being higher then the diaphragme which causeth difficultie of respiring for the which make an issue as ye haue heard in Empiema to euacuate the humor contayned if the putâ—efaction be great mixe with the foresaid iniection a little egiptiac the wound being mundified with this or such like thou shalt vse this iniectâ—oÌ„ which is somewhat desiccatiue Rec. rosâ—rum balaustiorum myrtilorum an onc 1. mirabolani citrini an onc 2. mellis rosati parum coquantur in aqua plantaginis ad consumptionem tertiae partis with this thou shalt washe the wounde twise a day If the body be of an euill temperature or that the nether part of the lightes be hurt it stayeth not quickely but will voyde much then we must vse a tent of lead or siluer that is hollow within that the matter may enacuate we vse also this decoction to drinke in the morning fasting foure howers after Take scabions buglâ—sse borage pimpernell aristoâ—â—lochia agrimonie betonie pilosell an M. se vnarum mundatarum seminis hipericonis et cardui benedicti an onc 1. florum trium cordialium an P. 1. coquantur in aqua adde in sine vâ—ni albi parum sirupi rosati et cinamomi an onâ— 2. vsing on the wound the emplaster Diacalciteos malaxed in wine If notwithstanding these remedies it remaineth long in healing it doth degenâ—er infistull for the curation of the which haue recourse to the Treatise of vlceâ—s Chapter of Fistula The twelfth Chapter of wnundes in the Bellie THe inferior venter wherein the Lyuer with the Kydneis milt are inclosed is often wounded in diuers manners some penetrates and some not offending the parts contayned as the stomack liuerr milt kidneis guttâ— veines arters the epiplon and vâ—iâ—ers or some other part the causes signes and Iudgments whereof ye haue heard in the generall Chapter The Cure is those that do not penetrate are cured like other simple woundes those which penetrate into the capacitie require an other manner of cure Woundes in the side in the oblique muscles are not so dangerous as those in the transuersall because that the peritone is vneasie to sow specially in musculo recto which descendeth from the brest to os pubis Also little woundes in those places are more difficill than those that are more ample in them if the gutts come not they tumifie and so are vneasie to put in againe for the which vse such remedies as ye haue heard in Axâ—mphalon vsing the future Gastoraphick if the gutts be pearced they must be sowed with future pellitor and cast on the wound the pouder of aloes mirre mastick and boll and reduce it softly in the owne place vsing an emplaster retentiue and agglutinatiue If the lâ—iâ—â—ium be cut it is impossible or most dificill to heale by reason of the great veines coÌ„tained therin if any of the guts hath changed coulor there is no hope If the caule of the venter be altered it must be knit and reduced as ye haue heard in the generall Chapter In all woundes in the bellie vse Clisters and innections astringents detersiues chiefly if the great intestine matrix or bladder be hurt And so we end this Treatise of woundes and shall follow out that of vlcers after the same manner THE SEAVENTH TREATISE of vlcers which contayneth Ten Chapters By Peter Low Arellien Chapter 1 Of vlcers in generell Chapter 2 Of vlcers sâ—nious and their curation Chapter 3 Of the vlcer Virulent Chapter 4 Of the vlcer profound and Cauernous Chapter 5 Of the vlce Sordide and Putride Chapter 6 Of vlcers difficill to Cure Chapter 7 Of vlcers with corruption of the Bones Chapter 8 Of vlcers Cancrous Chapter 9 Of Fistula Chapter 10 Of Burninges The first Chapter of vlcers in generall CO Seeing wee haue amply spoken of tumors and wounds of their definitâ—n cause signes and cure so in like manner we will proceede in vlcers seeing many tumors and woundes doe suppure and degender in vlcers so it is needefull after the Treatise hereof to speake of vlcers
other as saith Auicen therfore I vse alwaies to wommen a tablet cordiall or else they eate some-what afore The thirde is called Sciatica situated aboue the anckle is opened athwart as ye haue heard good for sciaticks dolors in the thighes and anckles The fourth is called Medium or renall and is situated vnder the bending of the foote and is opened for such maladies as the other Some say that aboue euery knee about three fingers there are two great veines which Arabes call Salsores and say if the â—â—ick be bled in them he dyeth presently anh Galen is not of their opinion Thinges which are to bee considered to bleede well FIrst the Chirurgian must be in a light place either naturally or with candle also his owne sight should be good as sayth Haly Abbas and must haue a ligator that goeth twise about the arme an inch broad also hee must haue a tound staffe to hold in his hands in like maner a litle oyle to rub on the veine to make it souple also annoint the lancet with sallet oyle before the blood which will appease the paine he must haue diuers lancets of the which some are large some round pointed when the paine is superficiall also when neede is to make a good issue and euacuation which we vse in putride feuers and when the blood is thick and the sick strong some must be long sharp pointed to open when the veines are deepe and hidden as also to make little issues in small superficiall veines when neede is to make deriuation as if the person spit blood or bleede at the nose The issue you make must bleede long to diuert it we make the issue little in people that are out of their wits that the issue may be soone consolide by reason that such people lose the bandage and oft blod much The incision must be made one of 3 waies to wit in leÌ„gth breadth oblique making alwaies an incisioÌ„ in midst of the veine not cutting it altogether which if it be the blood coÌ„meth not wel but alongst the arme and the extremity of the veines retireth one from another Then let him make the issue as it should be cause the blood come well out rub first the arme thou woldest blod geÌ„tly with a hot cloth or thy hand theÌ„ knit it with thy legature a little aboue the elbow let the binding be steady show it selfe the better then the sick party shall close his hand that the veines may shew the better thereafter if it be the right arme the Chirurgian shall take it with left hand neare to the part where he intendeth to make the issue holding his thomb on the veine that it stirre not for oftentimes it rolleth and slydeth from the launcet sometime it yeildeth being full of wynd This being done he shall marke the place with the formost finger of the right hand making a little marke with his naile on the verine then he shall take the launcet betwixt the thomb the formost finger in the midst of it and to the end that he tremble not he shall leaue the other three fingers on the arme and leaue the finger and thomb that holdeth the lancet on the left thomb which holdeth the veine then open the veine softly slyding the poynt of it in the veine not suddenly if the vaine be not opened at the first time prick suddenly againe a little aboue or vnder the first ye may do the same if the hole be not great enough to let out the blood in a reasonable quantity The veine opened in that manner the party shall hold the staffe in his hand that he may rest his hand the blood come out the better Hauing drawen such quaÌ„tity of blood as the cause requireth He shall presse out that which remayneth if there come out any fat as oft happeneth in grosse people thou shalt put it in agayne that done put a pece of câ—oth in 3 or 4 fingers double on the wound and wet it in water bynd the arme with a band of an inch broad that goeth 3 or 4 times about the arme winding it about aboue the elbow and vnder that it neyther be too straight nor too slack If the veins be small blood theÌ„ after meate rather than before for theÌ„ they are more full of blood doe not eat nor drink of an hower after Thinges to bee considered after the veine is opened OFtentimes chanceth after the veine is wel opened that the blood commeth well forth and afterwards suddeÌ„ly doth cease hapneth through too straight ligature saith Auerrois or else for an appreheÌ„sion somtime through wrong euill situatioÌ„ of the arme in these points ye must slack the ligature comfort the party situat the arme right somtime the cause is in the thicknes grossnes of the blod for the which rub the place incised with a litle oyle If the party be weake which shal be knowne by the changing his coulor and the blood running alongst the arme in this yee shall loose the legature close the wound lay the sick on his back cast water in his face vineger to smell to giue him a little wine within a while after loose the band and let him blede till yee haue got such quantitie of blood as shal bee requisite stirre not nor labour thy arme that carrie it in figure triangulare sleepe not two howers after Let the blood stand to know the nature of it for in our bodie there are diuers sorts very vatiable accordinh to the diuersitie of the age the complexion country kinde of the sicknes and partes of the bodie Wee shall iudge the nature and qualitie of the blood three waies first by coulor by the tast and substance As for the color good naturall blood should be red sweete as phlegme naturall and meâ—ne substance when it congealeth not it is a signe that some of the other humors are with it when it is redde cleare and gluttering it signifieth abundaÌ„ce of choller wheÌ„ it is blackish abundance of melancholy naturall or adust which stoppeth it to congeale the fatnes of the blood keepeth it also from congealing Of Arteriotemie or in incision of the Arter LIke as for diuers maladies we blud the veines so we do in some arters Arteriotomia is a detractioÌ„ of blood by the diuisioÌ„ of the arter which was not vsed by our auntieÌ„ts saue onely Menodotus but is greatly in vse now chiefly those in the teÌ„ples behind the eares for great fluxion of of catarrs on the eies brest maladies of the head ingeÌ„dred of a hot fluxion inueterated vaparous spirrits as are coÌ„tained in these arters In opening them first I shaue the haire rub the part the necke with a napkin as the veine making a little incision in the bodye of the arter as in the veine not cutting it altogether draw such quaÌ„tity of blod as is needefull then stay it and put on the wound
6 ounces steepe them in 15 pintes of water in an earthen pot the space of 5. or 6. dayes stirring it euery day as yee haue heard then power out the water and leaue the grounds keepe it in glasses or seeth it till it grow to salt as ye haue heard if it grow thick put thereto halfe an ounce of opiâ—â— dissolued in aquauitae which both appeseth the dolor and maketh the scarre soft An other excellent way is Rec. axungiae vitri li. se salis gemmae onc 6. sublimati onc se cineris sarmentoruÌ„ et truncorum fabarum an li. se aquae li. 10. infundantur et fiat capi tellum in fine coctionis â—dde drag 2. opij Otherwise thus take ashes of oake and vine graneley stalkes of beanes an like quantitye steepe them in water and make your Capitell putting thereto a little quick-lyme this Canter is commonly vsed by Seuerinus Pineo Hierome de la Now Doctors in Chirurgerie Cantion in applying of Canter THe Canters are appyed in diuers places taking heede to the complexion of the person and nature of the part by reason it worketh sooner in one part than an other in bodies Cacochymick purge and bleede afore ye apply them beware of neruous and membranous partes ends of the muscles veines and arters Certaine places where Canters are applyed for sundry diseases THey are applied for the most part in all the partes of the heade for diuers diseases as on the fore-head at the ioyning of the suture sagittall with the coronall penetrating to the boane is good for Fluxion on the eyes the Migrim and other dolors of the head the Epilepsie difficultie of breath Opthalmie rednesse of the face paine of the teeth eares and â—quinancie We applie them behinde and aboue the eares taking heed of the muscle cratophite for the more assuraunce of the which cause the sicke must close and open his mouth that we may perceiue where the saide muscle endeth by the motion thereof Wee applie in the necke and arme for Catarrhes and distillations of the head to drawe it away and stoppe it from falling on the thorax or some chiefe Parte and are put on the inside of the arme about the middest neere the veines and arters but not touching veine arter nor nerue for assurance of the which holde your finger on the parte cause the sicke to moue his arme so yee may easily perceiue if there bee any thing vnder it Wee apply them on the legges within 3. inches to the knee either on the inner or outside as the disease requireth and is good for the Sciaticke and vlcers in the legges feete They are also applyed in diuers other partes of the body to giue issue to the matter contayned and where there is vehement dolor or humor or maligne vapor and in the emunctoires to giue issue to the humor which shall be done afore the ripenesse thereof The way to applie Canters FIrst marke the place with thy finger or a spot of incke next make a little emplaister hauing a little hole in the middest either broad or long as ye shall thinke good put on the emplaister in such sort that the marke of the incke appeare through the hole and then applie your canter according to the quantitie ye would haue the issue of and put an other emplaister aboue and binde it letting it remaine till it worke the effect you require if the first hath not gone deepe enough apply another on the same after the foresaid manner which being done take away the emplaister and lay on the place to separate the burnt from the whole a little oyle of roses turpentine butter and a little iris of Florence or otherwise a little butter alone or basilicon Some after the first emplaister is taken off cutte away that which is burnt with a Bistorie others cutte it crosse wise therafter put to the medicament and it falleth easily of it selfe being fallen the issue must be holden open till such time the sicknesse be whole for the which it was made Some to holde it open put a great peaze or balle of golde or siluer of the same greatnesse I vse certaine balles which last sixe monethes and are made thus Take waxe onc 3. verde greece orpiment and hermodactes an onc 2. sublimat and pouder of cantharides an onc se with a litle resâ—n In stead of the emplaister I vse a certaine cloth made with certaine stuffe which lasteth fiue or sixe monethes likewise wiping it and vsing sometime one side sometimes another and is made thus Rec. emplâ—stri triaformacili se cerae albae onc 2 camphorae onc 2. litargiri auri puluerizati onc 2. spici nardi onc 1. olei oliuaâ—um onc 1. se misce omnia simul thereafter dippe a cloth therein and cutte it in peices to serue as yee haue heard it is good for colde humors vlcered Sometime wee are constrained to continue these thinges longer and euery yeere we place them sometime higher lower and sidewise that the mattir may auoide the better Sometime they waxe hard and callous which is consumed by such remedies as ye haue heard set downe in callous Vlcers the excrescence of fleshe which sometime groweth is taken away by such remedies as ye haue heard in Vlcers The sixte Chapter of Bathes and their Effectes BAthing as by the learned Hierodotus is at large declared is a washing and steeping of the whole body for the better preseruation and conseruation of mans health and recouerie of that which is lost which was had in great vse and custome amongest the Auncientes as among the Greekes also among the Arabes and Latines and is also very much vsed and practised in all Nations in these our dayes whereof there are two sortes one naturall and an other artificiall The naturall are saide to bee such as come and proceede naturally out of the ground and are alwayes warme and hotte of themselues but yet are reported to be of diuers sorts qualities and vertues according to the diuersitie of the places from whence the water commeth and proceedeth as if it come from Salt Allom Sulphur Brasse Copper Golde Iron and such like The Salt is good for piâ—uitous colde and humide Maladies Hydropsie dolors paynes and aches of the belly stomacke matrix and kidneis also it is good for all Catarrhes Epilepsie dolors of the bladder head stomacke and eares whites of women and scabbes generally through all the body as is at large discoursed and sâ—t downe by Galen The Alluminous are drying and heating and is good for all colde and humide diseases and sickenesses vomiting of bloud staying the hemerrhoides the monethly course of women aborting with childe varices on the legges hydropsie maligne vlcers â—otten waterie â—umors for all sortes of vomiting The Sulphurous are drying in the 4. degree heale the partes neruous which are cold humide soften the hard parts appease dolor comfort the stomacke milte they are
preparatae in vino albo onc 1. vini albi odoriferi onc se aque plantaginis onc se misce omnia simul Aliud Rec. Vini albi onc 2. Floris â—ris drag 1. auripigmenti â—â—ag â—misce â—â—mul cum aqua rosarum The eight Chapter of Medicamentes Incarnatiues THis Medicament which the Greekes call sarcoticon the Latines Generatio carnis and hath the force to drie and change the bloud which commeth to any part into flesh It dryeth without mordication it thickneth it and conuerteth it into flesh Such medicaments by the abstertion desiccation moderatly done helpe nature It should be drie in the third or fourth degree to the ende the two excrementes which are grosse and subtill which are contrary viz. abstersion and desiccation may not let the action of nature in the generation of flesh Of the which there are three kindes viz. weake strong and very strong The Weake As Olibanum Mastix Aloe farina hordei fenogreci et dâ—bent applicari corporibus humidis et delicatis The Strong As Aristolochia Iris florentiae farina Lupinorum Calcantum vstum et debent applicari corporibus siccis The most Strong The most strong are proper to be applyed in deepe vlcers as centaureum plumbum et antimonium vstum glutinum adustum limaces mirrha If a wound or vlcer be drie yet in a manner be very humide the Medicament must be drie in the first degree If the wound or vlcer be charged with great humiditie and the part neuerthelesse very drie the medicament must be drie in the second and third degree Of the which some are simples others composed The Simples Olibanum Masticha Aloe Borax colophoniae farina lupinorum orobi hordei fennogreci fabarum lentium tritici aristolochia vtraque radix iris florentiae vitrioluÌ„ vstum pix liquida et sicca mirrha sarcocolla mel antimonium plumbum vstum oleum omne pompholigos vtraque betonica succus pilosellae bursa pastoris squamma aeris hypericon centarea minor sanicula verbena scabiosa pimpinella lingua canis ceruina thus dragagantum terebinthina The Compoundes Oleum rosatum Absynthir Masticis Irinum Omphaciâ—um thuris sarcocollae vnguentum aureum Basilocum Mesues emplastrum gratiae Dei croceum comitissae de betonica diapalma triapharmacum ceruse pretiosum aguâ—done descriptum de iâ—nua Emplastrum Sarcoticon Rec. Centaureae minoris manipulos tres macerentur viginti quatuor horis in vino albo deinde coque ad mellis crassitiem adde lactis muliebris onc 1. terebinthinae onc 6. cerae nouae onc 2. resinae onc 1. thuris masticis gummi arabici an onâ— se fiat emplastrum Vnguentum Sarcoticon Rec. Pinguediâ—â—is anferis poâ—ci gallinae et mellis an onc 1. aloes et calcis vinae tantillum succi brassicae quantum sufficit misce et fiat vnguentum Aliud robâ—stioribus corporibus Rec. Pulueris Aristolochia rotundae coâ—â—is Ireâ—s thuris an drag 3. aloes mirrhae cadmiae masticis an drag 3. meâ—lis quo satis erit Aliud ex Aetio Rec. Farinae tritici drag 2. colophoniae drag 1. misce Aliud Rec. Rasurae panni linei bene mundati drag 5. opopaeâ—â—cis drag 2 mellis olei rosatum an drag 5 litargiri aloes sarcoâ—ollae an drag 1. se fiat vnguentum Puluis Sarcoticus et Cephalicus Rec. Pimpinellae Betoâ—â—cae Gariophilaâ—ae Valerianae an drag 1. pilosellae drag 5. fiat puluis quo canum vâ—cus inspergatut The tenth Chapaer of Medicamentes Cicatrisants THe Medicament Cicatrisant called by the Greekes Epiloticon by the Latines Cicâ—trisans is that which hath the power to make and cicatrize by his drinesse astriction without a â—â—imonie drying the flesh In such manner and maketh it in substance like to the skin yet not according to the first intention by the reason that parts Spermaticks doe not ingender in all pointes as before This medicameÌ„t is hot in the third degree and iâ— deuided in simples composed The Simples As allumen vstum vitriolum galla spongia vsta lythargirum polipodium terra sigillata sqammae eris aristoloâ—â—ia rotunda centaurea malicorum oliuae apii semen tritum â—â—os mali granati rosa anâ—â—â—um vstum aloe caries lignorum pompholix spodium nux cupressâ— nalx lota es vstum mineralia vsta et lota mirrha thus plumbum radix cucumeris siluestris Composita Emplastrum de cerusa de minio album rasis Vigonis desiccatinum rubeum diapompholigos aqua aluminosa et pluralia descipta in câ—piâ—ibus de vulneribus Emplastrum Epiloticum Rec. Lapidis calaminaris terrae sigillate an vnc 4. cerae nonae vnc 5. olei rosati vnc 2. olei hyosciami et papaneris albi an vnc 2. se olei violarum vnc 4. aquauirae drag 3. fiat emplastrum Puluis Rec. Sarcocollae Glutinis piscum Crysocolle plumbi vsti â—â—uamae ferri an drag 1. misce fiat puluis Vlceribus pudeudorum citra morsum siccaniâ— Rec Aloes loti et aeris vstian vnc se pulnerisentur tenuissime cum puluâ—â—e malâ—corii et balaustiorum et vsui seruentur Aliud Rec. Olibuni Aloes Sanguinis draconis an drag 3. Aristolochiae rotundae ceruse corticis pini centaurei minoris an dran 1. gallarum balaustiorum an drag 2. fiat puluis Aqua Epilotica Rec. Sucei poâ—tulacae Caprifolii Acetosae Arnoglossae an lib. 1. albumina ouorum vigenti aluminis rupis puluerisati lib. 3. vitrioli romani vnc 6. misce et distilla The eleuenth Chapter of medicaments Adglutinatiues THe medicament Adglutinatiue called by the Greeks Symphiticon by the Latins Adglutinans is that which hath the vertue to drie the humiditie that is betwixt the lips of the wouÌ„d are dry in the second degree of the which some be simples some composed The simples Mastix Sarcacolla Thus Mirra Colophonia Tâ—â—ebentina terra sigillatae sanguinis draconis hypericon flos rosemarinus succus centinodiae maioranae baliamum naturale et artificiale sanguis humanus combustus gummi dragaganti elemuii hederae olibanum terra lemnia fotus vini rubei consolida petrea verbena mellefolium argentina talietrum anoglossa herba roberti sanicula consolida minor morsus diabolicaprafolij tela araneâ—â—um cauda equina nux coclearum sine limacum terrestrum ebulus samâ—uâ—us pentaphilon The Compounds Emplastrum nigâ—grum diapalma de centauria vnguentum regis angliae vnguenrum de vermibus oxeleuÌ„ galeni Liquor pro onÌ„â— vlcere aut vulnere cauo Rec. Terebenthinae venetae lib. 1. Aqua vitae lib. 3. vitrioli romani vnc 4. herbae primulae vtris M. 3. distilla in alem bico vitreo· Balsamum D. S. Iohannis Rec. Olei lini et olâ—arum an vnc 4. Terebenthinae venetrae lib. 1. aeruginis aeris et vitrioli romani an drag se bulliaÌ„t paruÌ„ lento igne et seruentur si volueris accomodare vlceribus vice olinaruÌ„ et samburi accipies parum portione mercurii sublimati diligenter puluerisati The tweft Chapter of medicaments Cathereticks Septicks and Causticks THe
CO. What is melancholie LO It is an humor cold and drie thick in consistence sower tasted proper to nourish the parts that are cold and dry and is compared to the earth or winter CO. How many sortes of blood are there LO Two naturall and vnnaturall CO. How many wayes degendereth the blood from the naturall Lo. Two wayes first by some alteration or transmutation of the substance as when it becometh more grosse or more subtil than it should be or else by adustion when the most subtill becommeth in choller and the most grosse in melancholie secondly through vnnaturall proportion and euill mixion with the rest of the humors and then it taketh diuers names as for example if with the blood there bee abundance of pituit such is called Phlegmaticke if the choller exceede chollerick and so forth in the rest CO. How many sorts of phlegmies are there LO Two in like manner naturall and vnnaturall CO How many kindes of piâ—â—ite vnnaturall are there Lo. According to Galen there are foure sorts The first called vitrea because this humor is like vnto melted glasse it is colde and proceedeth of gluttonie and Idlenesse it prouoketh to vomit causeth great paine in the partes where it falles as on the teeth and Intestines The seconde is called the sweete phlegmie because in spitting of it it seemeth sweete it prouoketh the bodye to sleepe The thirde is called acide or bitter Phlegmie because in spitting it seemeth bitter it is colde and maketh the bodye hungrye The fourth is salte Phlegmie it maketh the bodye drye and thirstie There are some who make an other kinde called gipsei because of the forme and hardnesse it hath like lyme called gipsei it is often in the ioyntes and is reckoned vnder the vitrea CO. How many sorts of chollâ—r are there LO Two in like maÌ„ner naturall and vnnaturall CO. Howe manye wayes becommeth the chollor vnnaturall LO Two wayes firste when it spilleth rotteth and is burnt and then it is called chollâ—r adust by putrifaction the other is made of the mixture of the other humors CO. Into howe manye kindes is it deuyded LO In foure as sayth Galen The first is called vitellin because of the coulor and thicke substaunce it is like the yolke of an egge it is ingendered in the liuer and the vaines when by the vnnaturall heate it dissipateth and consumeth The second is called verricuse because this coulor representeth a wart called Verruca The third is called erugmous because it is like the rust of Brasse or Copper called aerugo The fourth is called the blewe choller because it is bleâ—e like Azure These three last humors as sayth Galen are ingendred in the stomacke by the vicious meates of euill iuice which cannot be digested and conuerted into good iuice CO. How many sortes of melancholie is there LO Two naturall and adust CO. How many kinds of adust or vnnaturall are there LO Two the first is that whereof commeth the humor melancholicke which is like the lees of blood when it is verie hot and adust or by some hot feuer that the bloode it selfe doth putrifie as sayth Auicen and differeth from the naturall melancholie as the dregs of wine burnt from the vnburnt Galen sayth that humor which is like the lees of wine wheÌ„ it becommeth more hot it ingendereth an humor against nature called atra bilis of the which no beast can tast The second kinde proceedeth of an humor chollericke the which by adustion is conuerted into diuers coulors at the laste into blacke coulor which is the worst of all CO. Knowing these foure humors and their generation we must knowe in like manner that in our bodies their is concoctioÌ„ therfore tell me how many kindes of concoction there are LO There are three as sayth Iohannes Bacchanellus The first is made in the stomacke which conuerteth the meate we eate into the substance called chile in the which the foure humors are not but potentially the second is done in the lyuer which maketh of the chile the masse sanguiner â—s sayth Galen The third is made through all the body of the which are ingeÌ„dered the foure humidyties which the Arabs call humors nourishing or elementaries as sayth Auicen The firste hath no name is thought to be the humor which droppeth from the mouth of the veines The second is called Ros the which after it is drunken into the substance of the bodie it maketh it humide whereof it taketh the name The thirde is called Cambium The fourth is called Gluten and is the proper humiditie of the similar partes CO. Haue not these humors certaine time in the which they raigne more then other in mans bodie LO Yes indeed for the blood raigneth in the morning from three hours vntill nine in like manner in the spring time The choller from nine in the morning vntill three in the afternoone as in Sommer the phlegme from three afternoone vntill nine at night as in autume the melancholie from nine at night vntill three in the morning like as in winter and this is the opinion of Hipocrates and Galen as touching the humors The seuenth Chapter of members partes CO. What call you members or partes LO Auicen speaking of members saith they are bodies ingendred of the first commixtion of humors CO. How many sortes of members are there LO Fiue of the which the first is called principalles the second are members that serue the principall members the third are members that neither gouerne nor are gouerned of others but by their owne proper vertues the fourth are members which haue proper vertues of themselues and also of others the fift is called members excrementals not proper members as others CO. Howe many principall members are there LO Foure to witte the braines the heart the liuer the testicles the first three are called principalles because by them all the bodie is gouerned and without them men can not liue the fourth which are the testicles is called principall because without them men can not be procreated as saith Galen CO. Which are those which serue the principall members LO The nerues serueth the braines the arters the heart the veines the liuer the instrumentes spermatickes the testicles by the nerues the spirit animall is carried through all the bodie the spirit vitall is carried by the arters the veines serue to carrie the bloud through all the bodie as also to bring the chiles to the liuer the instrumentes spermaticke for the bringing and casting foorth of the seede CO. Which are the members which neither gouerne nor are gouerned of others LO The bones the cartilages membranes glandes tendons ligamentes fattee simple flesh and so forth CO. Which are those which haue proper vertue of themselues and also of others LO The bellie the kidneis and the matrix CO. Which are the members called excrementous LO The nayles and the hayre CO. Are the members no otherwise deuided LO They
beginning that aswell on the sore as about it but that which is on the sore must not be so astringent nor corrobaritiue as that which is about it CO. How many kinds of repercussiues ere there LO There are diuers for some be cold without astriction like as bol armenie plantine the stone hermatite some bee hot as galles red wine nuts of Cipres wormewood mastick and such like CO. Are they not otherwise deuided LO Guydo of Gâ—leaâ— doth deuide them into proper commune the proper as oxycrate solanum bol armenie wormwood 〈◊〉 such like the commune as whites of eggs mallowes oyle of Roses camomill mastick white colyriuÌ„ such like CO. How shall these diuers sortes be vsed LO When the matter is hot the repercussiues shal be cold and when it is cold they shal be hot CO. Are repercussiues indifferently vsed in all sicknesses LO There are ten exceptions wherin the propers are not vsed first when the matter is in the emunctoirs of the noble partes secondly if the matter be venemous thirdly being thick euil to remoue fourthly when it is verie hard impacted in the place fiftly when it hapneth in the crisis of a sicknes sixtly when the matter commeth of a cause primitiue seauenthly in a body plethorick eightly when the part is weake and the body destitute of force ninthly wheÌ„ it is in the noble parts tenthly when it is with vehement dolor and in that we vse anodines and not repercussiues CO. How is the second intentioÌ„ done Lo. By euacuting that which is done in â—he place and that by resoluing and discutient medicaments and euaporatiues that are meanly hot and humide likewise by drawing emplasters by sucking ventousing ' incisioÌ„ of the part grieued as sayth Auicen but yet in both the euacuations we must regard the quaÌ„titie and qualitie of the matter which the tumor is composed of as also to the nature of the place where it is for we must not cure those which proceede of blood as those which come of phlegme chollor or melaÌ„choly also we must respect the nature of parts for we must vse other remedies in soft humid parts as the flesh glaÌ„des thaÌ„ in hard dry parts as nerues ligameÌ„ts cartilages bones We must also haue respect to the parts of the body for some are simples others coÌ„posed some of one teÌ„perature some of another so the remedies must be vsed to the part We must also respect the coÌ„firmation of the part for some are hollow without or within some are soft easie to receiue fluxioÌ„ in like manner we must regard the coÌ„munications of the veines one with an other also to the coÌ„modity of the coÌ„duits to expell the excremeÌ„ts as also to the vertue of the place for som are seÌ„sible some not as also the diuersity of the parts for some are noble parts as the braine hart lyuer which send the vertue through al the body by the nerues arters veines others doe serue the principall parts without whose action we cannot liue like as the stomacke the kidneyes bladder and sundry others In partes that are sensible wee must beware to apply medicines that loose resolue 〈◊〉 or to apply any thing that is of a strange qualitieâ— and venemous CO. Are there no other thinges to bee considered in the cure of tumors LO We take our indication according to the diuersitie of the tumor CO. How many sortes of tumor are there LO Foure some are hard some soft some inward some vlcered CO. What remedies vse you in these apostumes LO In hard apostumes we vse remedies that soften and haue a hot and somewhat drie vertue wee vse no resolutiues in such tumors by reason the matter waxeth hard like a stone the soft are cured by hotte thinges that resolue and open the pores the vlcered apostumes like as formica are healed by colde things the inward are cured by diminishing the matter with bleeding purging and other generall remedies abstaining from all strong drinke violent exercise perturbations of the minde like as anger feare and the rest which yee haue heard in the treatise of vnnaturall things the rest of the cure pertaineth to the iudgement of the expert Chirurgian vsing such remedies that soften and make ripe as cassia fistula triacle and solanum which haue great vertue to resolue hidden apostumes as writeth Hollerius and Marianus sanctus CO. If the apostumes ende not by resolution induration nor corruption but by suppuration what is to be done LO It must be opened CO. By howe many wayes LO Two wayes either by themselues or helpe of the Chirurgian CO. Which are opened by themselues LO Those which are hot eminentes soft and tender skinned CO. In what time doe they open LO Some in tenne fifteene or twentie dayes some in fortie or threescore dayes but according as we apply fitte remedies some open sooner and some are longer in opening CO. Which are those which are opened by the helpe of the Chirurgian LO Those which are hard large and thicke skinned cold and in bodies euill disposed in parts membranous and the emunctoires CO. How many waies helpeth the Chirurgian LO Two wayes either by canter actuall potentiall or by incision CO. Howe many wayes maketh the Chirurgian his incision LO Three wayes in length breadth and circular CO. What meane you by the length LO When it is according to the rectitude of the muscles nerues membranes to the ende the action of the part may be preserued CO. When by the breadth LO When we haue intention to destroy the action of the part as in spasme or conuulsion we cut the nerue or muscle ouerthwart to saue the rest for better it is that one member be debilitated then to lose the whole bodie CO. WheÌ„ vse we incision circular LO When the cauitie is great to the end the matter may euacuate the better CO. You haue answered to me sufficiently touching apostumes in generall I would haue you hereafter particularly to intreat of euery one of them by themselues beginning at those which proceede of bloud and first with Phlegmon because it is most common and causeth many diuers accidents thereafter followe out the rest in order aswell generall as particular so at our next meeting we will intreat of woundes after the same method The second Chapter of Phlegmon PHlegmon is a tumor against nature ingendred of defluxion of bloud in diuers partes of the bodie but most commonly in the soft partes and is of colour redde sore hard inflamed accompanied with feuers and diuers other accidents Of it there are two sortes the true Phlegmon is ingendred of naturall bloud being in any parte more then is needefull for the vse thereof the other commeth of vnnaturall bloud altered by some chaunge as by mixtion of one or moe of the other humors with it so according to the domination of the humor it taketh the name as
most part in the dry neruous parts but chiefly on the head and ioyntes on the hands feete The causes are strokes and wearines of the ioynts such other as ye haue heard in Aâ—â—â—roma as also the signes The cure first consisteth in good diet eschewing al meates which ingender grosse humors eate of things of good digestion abstaine from drinking of water purge bleede haunt no humide place as for the pâ—rticular remedies we must vnderstand that this humor is sometime inclosed in the membraine in that procede as in Aâ—â—â—â—oma sometime it is not inclosed and theÌ„ we may applye a cake of leade rubbed with quicksiluer or an emplaster resolutine made of galbanum ammoniac oyle of lillies and bayes brimstone virioll roman calcined Sometimes it is with corruption of the bone in that case the humor must be euacuated and the exfoliatioÌ„ of bone procured as ye shal heare in the chapter of vlcers with corruptioÌ„ of the bone For diuers other diseases of the head haue your recourse to heurnius demorbis capitis The third Chapter of the tumor in the eye called Lippitudo and Opthalmia in Greeke OPthalmia is an inflamatioÌ„ of the whole eye but chiefly of the membraine called coniunctiue with great rednes dolor The cause is either externall or internall the externall as strokes heate dust winde great cold rubbing or some moate in the eye the internall â—ause is defluxion of the humors being nere to the braines as also the veins externe interne of the head wherof procedeth fluxioÌ„ also the sanguine humor chollerick or phlegmatick which asceÌ„deth to the head The signs are manifest like as great inflamatioÌ„ rednes heat of the eies teÌ„ples dolor repletioÌ„ of the veins hardnes this sicknes hath 4. degrees like as other tumors hapneth ofteÌ„ to yoÌ„g childreÌ„ others who haue weake eies which is the cause that they are subiect to the fluxioÌ„ of humors The iudgmeÌ„ts are the matter of this is somtime hot otherwhiles cold and those which happeÌ„ in winter are the worse theÌ„ those which happeÌ„ in SoÌ„mer if they be neglected euill handled there follow euill accideÌ„ts as spots rupture of the cornea and diuers others If the dolor be vehement it is daÌ„gerous for corruptioÌ„ corrosion of the cornea As for the curatioÌ„ there are 3. things to be obserued the first is good diet eate litle chiefly at night abstaine froÌ„ al vaporous things al euil digestioÌ„ fishes fruits spices salt humide things abide neither in great darknes nor too much light for great light dissipeth the spirit sometime causeth blindnes as we read of the soldiors of Xenophanes who through going long in the snow became almost al blind Also Dioniâ—â—â—s tiraÌ„t of Sicil made blind his prisoÌ„ers after this sort first he imprisoÌ„ed theÌ„ long in a very dark place theÌ„ he brought them suddeÌ„ly into a great light so made theÌ„ all blind All colors are not expedieÌ„t for the sight the white dissipeth the spirits draweth them to it the black maketh them too dul there is nâ— color that coÌ„forteth the sight but grene blew violet which nature sheweth vs in the compositioÌ„ of the eye for the tunic vâ—e a sheweth the greene blewe of the part that looketh to the humor custalline Endeuor to be laxatiue walke not too much beware of al perturbâ—ons of the spirit from smoake and dust and blowing of Alchymie for both it hurteth the eye and consumeth the substance maketh men miserable both in bodie and goods hold vp thy head and abstayne from wine and women and such like as yee may perceiue by these verses of the learned Gordoniu Haec occulis multum sol puluis fumus et aestus Ventus cum fletu vina Venusque nocent Acria ne mandas nec quae sunt plena vaporum Nec caepas lentes allia poâ—ra fabas The second intention consisteth in euacuating diuerting the humor by pilles clisters bleeding of the veine Cephalicke ventouseing on the shoulders frictions on the thighes legges and extremities also by opening the veine and arters of the temples The third intention is in the topicall remedies as collyrs of diuers sorts according to the diuorsitie of the degree and time of the apostume as in the beginning of the inflamation take plantaine and rose water of each halfe an ounce two whites of egges and a little fennell water womens milke the muâ—ilages of hipsileon with a little trochistes of rasis sine opio a litilt caiphure put of thiis in the eye and at night make a cataplasme of an apple rosted and lay on the eye or this remedie which I haue often prooued not onely in the opthalmie but diuers other maladies of the eyes Take two ounces of white wine as much rose water and euphrage halfe a crownes waight of Tutie prepared as much of aloes 3. or 4. leaues of Massi put all in a violl and stoppe it close set it three weckes in the sunne instill thereof in the eyes In the meane time vse emplaisters on the temples of mastick de bolo et contra rupturam and such like to stay the fluxion For the great dolor vse the roasted apple with a little womens milk or a little plantaine water put betweene two clothes likewise for the vehement dolor the bloud of a pigeon or henne vnder the winges instilled is verie good there are diuers other remedies whereof we shall intreat more at length in the poore mans guide like as also of Egilops and Enchilops with diuers other maladi-s of the eyes The fourth Chapter of the tumors in the eares THere come many grieuous diseases in the eares sometime outwardly and sometime inwardly occupying sometime the whole eare sometime a part thereof The cause is an hotte humor and biting descending from the nerues of the fift coniugation with the dura mater dispersed in the conduite of the eare sometime a vaporous spirite cold thicke humor which maketh difficultie of hearing and sometime deafenes The Signes are manifest The iudgementes young people are more grieuously tormented then olde and die often afore it come to suppuration and that within 7. dayes by reason of the great accidents as feuer lightnesse sounding In old folkes it commeth oft to suppuration yet the dolor is verie vehement by reason of the nerue of the fift coniugation also for the membranes and propinquitie of the braines nature hath giuen it an exquisite feeling The cure consisteth in remedies vniuersall and particular vniuersall as good dyet abstayning from wine and all strong drinke and fumie bleeding of the veine Cephalicke and vsing of clysters or some gentle medicines according to the humor as ye haue heard in Opthalmi As for particular remedies they differ not much from others except that we vse no repercussiues abstayne from all cold remedies by reason of
the nerue which is deepe and hollowe If the dolor bee vehement with heate vse oyle of roses mirtles and cidoniorum with a little vineger mixe all together and drop a little in the eare cattes water distilled is good as saith Quersitanus If it tend to suppuration handle it as other apostumes The fifth Chapter of the Tumor that commeth behinde the eares called Parotides NAture hath placed by the rootes of the eares certaine little glands to the ende they may receiue the vennemous matter deposed by the braines Parotides is an inâ—â—amation or apostume of the glands behind the eares The cause is the humor which easily descendeth from the head partly because nature hath ordeined them for receptacles as ye haue heard and by reason they are soft colde and the passages large that bring the humor Sometime the cause commeth of the whole bodie like as in crise of feuer it may come of any one of the foure humors or all mixed together which may easily be knowne by the accidents The signes are tumor dolor vehement feuer pulsation with such other as yee haue heard in tumors The Iudgementes are that those by crisis without signe of maturation are euill and if it goe to the internall partes it is for the most part mortall as saith Auicen The Cure generall is to vse clisters bleeding in the veine Cephalicke vsing good dyet eating thinges of light digestion not vaporous abstayning from strong drinke the particular remedies differ not from the cure of other apostumes except that we vse no repercussiues but onely maturatiues attractiues and anodiues and some digerents in the beginning like as oyle of lillies Iris camomill bitter almondes with sheepes wooll or a cataplasme of digerent hearbes It is best not to abide the perfect suppuration but so soone as may be to cause it open for by that meanes the venemous vapor doth dissippe the dolor ceaseth and nature doth more easily discharge It may bee opened by canter or lancet but beware of the nerue veine and arters for the great accidentes that happen Being openeed it must be cured by suppuratiues mundificatiues incarnatiues and desiccatiues as ye haue heard in others The sixt Chapter of the Tumors in the nose called Sarcoma Ozena and Polypus THe nose is a part of the bodie by the which the braines doth discharge the excrements in the which do chauÌ„ce three kindes of maladies yet not much different the first is called Sarcoma which is an excrescence of fleshe against nature the second is called Ozena which is most dangerous ill sauoured the third is called Polypus which differeth not froÌ„ Sarcoma sauing that it is not so great Polypus is a tumor which proceedeth of the bone ethomides and sticketh fast to it The cause is rotten humor thicke and viscous which commeth from the head The signes are manifest to the sight and by the narration of the sicke The Iudgementes are these that which is hard and blacke must not be touched that which is soft may bee healed if the excrescence be white and soft without dolor it is easie to heale if it be redde and browne with dolor it is very difficill if it occupie both sides of the nose either the sicke sleepeth with open mouth or else he suffoketh The cure is most diffâ—cill as I haue oft seene and better it were to vse remedies palliatiues then to aduenture any perfect cure yet the cure in so much as may be is by vniuersall remedies as purging and bleeding and in good dyet Fuchâ—ns counselleth to rubbe the head with such things as haue vertue to corroborate drie the braines The particular remedies shall be according to the Tumor which is sometime hard otherwhiles soft the soft must be taken away with instrument or canter or some causticke pouder as pouder vitrioll mercurie arsenit allom spuma aeris atramentum sutorium ye may mixe any of these pouders with some vngueÌ„t anodine or honey vse deâ—ensiues for the inflamation vnguent pompholigs with a little balaust is good Also this water Rec. bolaustiorum corticis malorum granatorum an lib. 1. gelangae caudae equinae linguae passerinae et herâ—iariae an manip di radic bis tortae 4. vnc sumitatuÌ„ piri siluest manip di contundantur simul distilleutur fiaâ—â—aqua de qua frequenter abluat nares adde to it a little Allum If eyther this or the other which is harde degender into an vlcer cancrous touch it not but vse such remedies as ye shal heare in the vlcer Cancrons The seauenth Chapter of the tumor in the mouth called Vunla or Columella THe mouth as sayth Gordon is the instrument of voice in beastes and speaking in men in the which happen diuers grieuous and dangerous passions but we wil intreat of those which are moste daungerous beginning with Vunla which is called in our tongue the pap of the mouth Nature being prouident that nothing should offend hath placed in the roufe of the mouth this little peece of fleshe for diuers reasons first that we may pronounce and sâ—eake clearer for which cause it is called plectrum vocis also that the aire enter not in the trachearter till the force and impetuositie of the cold be corrected for we see in those who waÌ„t it haue both deformity of speach refrigiratioÌ„ on the lightes Vunla is an inflamation or aposthume either in forme long and is called Columella that is like a piller or like vnto the vine berrie called Vua The cause is eyther interne or externe the interne are hot humors which come from the head and cause an inflamation also asceÌ„ding from the stomacke as happeneth in rotten feuers in like manner of abundance of blood The cause externe is cold Cough excessiue eating and drinking at vnacostomed howers chiefly at night The signes are manifest to the sight chiefly in pressing downe the tongue accompanyed with dolor and feuer paine to swallow any thing the sick thinketh that he hath alwayes something in his mouth The iudgmentes are that sometime it falleth so much that it filleth vp the whole throate so the sick suffofoketh in case it be not quickely cutte if it be cutte altogether the patient waxeth dumbe or at least speaketh so as he may not be vnderstoode and his drinke doth auoyde by the nose which accidents I did see in a Chanon of S. Honorie in Paris who was my patient The Cure consisteth first in the forme of dyet tending to colde and drie vsing meates of light digestion drinking no strong not fumie drinke often vsing of clisters and bleeding in both the armes if ye perceiue plenitude ventouses on the shoulders and opening the head with scaâ—rifications frictions on the necke opening of the veines vnder the toungue The particular remedies shall onely be plantaine rose or common water with a little vineger
the fourth future incarnatiue done LO By little peeces of cloth as the breadth of the wound place requireth that is strong with the selfedge out in points like arrow heads the rest shal be couered with some astrigent and conglutinatiue emplaster as this take pouder of sangue Dragon true bol incence mastick Sâ—â—rocolla fine flower incorporaâ—e all with whites of egges and lay on both sides of the wouÌ„d with the aforesayde cloâ—h and the clothe bee further back than the lippes of the wound so the points shal be neare to the sayde lippes which being faste wee put a thread through these pointes till such time as wee see the lippes of the wound to close and knit the thread with double knot this is called drie future and is commonly done in the face and such places where wee desire the Cicatrice not to be seene CO. Howe doest thou the fift future in carnatiue LO With claspes of Iron sharp pointed and long which take the lippes of the wounde being put together and houlde them so this was vsed by some old practitioners but at this present it is not in vse as being dolorous exciteth inflamation fluxion CO. How is the second kinde of future generall done LO It is done after the manner that the Glouers sow there gloues but is neyther sure nor profitable for one point slipping the rest slippe also In like maner the blood which is retayned swelleth the part and falleth amongst the muscles which often doth rotte and gangren the part so it is better to knit the veines and arters or canterize theÌ„ which I haue done with good successe vsed by our auntients where there was great effusion of bloode in the veines and arters and nowe commonly vsed in the intestines and bladder and such oâ—her membranous parts CO. How is â—he third suture generall done LO As the rest but not so hard and is vsed to conserue the lippes of the wound being seperated and where there is great losse and dilaceration of flesh CO. What time appoint you to take away the pointes of your sutures LO According to the opinioÌ„ of Vigo in 6. or 8. daies yet in our ordinarie practise we limit no time for some conglutine sooner thaÌ„ others so when the part deuided beginneth to conglutinate assuredly we take out the stitches CO. Is there no other sort of sutures commonlye vsed LO There is a kind which Wee vse in the bellie called Gastroraphie of the which diuers haue written in diuers manners here I will set downe that which is sure and most easie in the wounds of the bellie First if the guttes come foorth they muste bee put in their place also the caule first knitting and cutting awaye that which is altered leauing the end of the ligator out at the wound that which falleth may be drawen out then thou shalt cause one to take both sides of the wounde in his hand then he shall discouer a little of the wound so make the first stitch of the needle at the extremitie of one side of the wound pearsing the skin and muscles not touching the peritone thereafter put the needle in the other side through the peritone muscles and skin then make an other stitch like to the first not touching the peritone then make the fourth point like the second pearcing peritone muscles and skin so continue it till it be all sowed taking the peritone on the one side and leauing it alwayes on the other CO. What is bandage or ligator LO It is a peece of cloth made long two or three elles and in breadth three or foure inches according to the member and hurt the cloth must be soft cleane without hem or seame and more slack in woundes than in fractors and of it there are diuers sorts for some are to contayne as in simple wounds some are to expell matter as we see in caue woundes some are defensiues to stay fluxion some to retayne the medicaments on the part as in the throat and bellie some are mortificatiue which we vse in legges or armes gangrened to cut them off The way how these bandages should be vsed are after diuers manners according as ye shall heare in their proper places hereafter CO. Which is the fourth point obserued in curing woundes LO To giue order to the accidents which are double to wit proper and accidentall CO. Which are proper LO Aposteme hemeragie and putrefaction CO. What is aposteme LO I haue set downe the definition signes difference and cure therof in the generall Chapter of Apostemes CO. What is hemâ—ragie LO It is an issuing of the blood in great abundance the veine or arter being cut riuen or corroded there is another flux of blood which sometime commeth at the nose and chaunceth often in dayes critick which should not be stayed vnlesse it be excessiue CO. How should the excessiue flux be stayed LO By things about on the place which coole agglinat drie by ligators caÌ„ters actuall such like as I shall set downe in the Chapter of wounds with flux of blood CO. What is putrefaction LO It is that which corrupteth letteth the spirit naturall heat in the member where through it becometh rotten putrified CO. What is the cause of this putrefaction LO Either corruption of the spirit vitall or els viscus and cold humors which stop the passage of the vital spirit some are causes primitiues as stroakes contusioÌ„ straight binding and such like CO. Which are the accidentall symptomes LO Euill complexion feuer dolor spasme paralise syncope and alienation CO. What is euill complexion LO It is an euill comixtion of the foure humors when one raigneth more than an other as was said in the first Treatise CO. What is Feuer LO It is an extraordinarie heate beginning in the heart sent through all the bodie with the spirit blood by the vâ—ines and arters CO. By what meanes is it cured LO It is distinguished according to the time cause nature which points belong to the Phisitian CO. What is Dolor LO It is a feeling of a thing which hath a contrarie qualitie in our bodies CO. What is the cause of Dolor LO Solution of continuitie or some sodaine alteratioÌ„ the accidents which come of it as also the cure is set downe in the generall chapter yet we will say somewhat of it at this present Al dolor maketh altracioÌ„ of humors blood which maketh inflaÌ„mation for the which fomeÌ„t the place with oyle of roses with the white of an egge if the Dollor be great stupifie the part with oyle of popie opium with mandrager also the root of solanum brayed and put with the same is good to mitigate the dolor as saith Galen if it be not appeased by these remedies it is a signe that the nerues are hurt for the which haue recourse to woundes in the nerues CO. what is spasme LO It a mnladie in
medicament which the Greekes call Catheretieon the Latins Carnis CoÌ„sumtiuum is that which hath the force to corrode and putrifie in digering the substaÌ„ce of the flesh and skin may differ in 3. manners vz. weake strong and very strong The weake is called Cathertick or Corrosiue the strong is called by the Greekes Septicon and by the Latines Putrefactiuum the very strong is called Escareticon and by the Latines Causticum The Cathereticke hath the strength by vehement drying to consume the excrescences of flesh as Polypus Tuberculum verruci and is applyed commonlye in woundes and vlcers putrides or where there are excrescences of flesh the which cannot be taken away neither by digerents nor astringents and it is of two sortes Simple and Composed The Simples Radix Aspidelorum Hermodactilorum Piretrum Oxileum calx mediocriter lota vitrioli omnia genera squammae aeris flos aeris allumen vstum et non vstum sal torrefactus pompholix plumbum vstum antimonium siâ—e stibium hydrargyrus sublimatus et praecipitatus â—nabrum lana succida vâ—â—a et in puluerem redacta squammae aeris aeâ—ugo The Compoundes Vnguentum Aegiptiacum vngueâ—â—um omne detersiuum cui permixtum fuerit aliquid ex praedictis his medicamentis Puluis Cathereticus Rec. Cerusae vstae Lytargiri Corticis Piny mirrhae gallarum omnium an drag 2. puluerisentur vt alcoal Medicament putrefactiue The midicament Septick is stronger then the Carherick for by the great heate and thyn substance it hath the force to vâ—cer the skin likewise the flesh yet with little dolour Neuerthelesse this kinde of medicaments is somewhat dangerous like as arsenicum auri pigmentum purum tum sublimatum brioniae crysocolla sandarathus appium radix sigillum beatae mariae Omnes lithimallum species sinapi â—uphorbum cantharides ranunculus appium risus appium regale Medicamenâ— Caustick The Caustick which the Greekes call Escaroticon is verie stronge because it consumeth not onely the soft partes but also the hard making ascarre after diuers manners as ye haue heard in the Chapter of Canters the which are hot in the fourth degree Lyke as calx vina arsenicum sublimatum nitrum vini fâ—â—x vsti lixinumfoâ—â—e calcautuâ— faluiâ— trum thapsis Escaroticon ex Aetio Rec. Sulphuris Radicis brassicae an vnc 2. Axungiâ— porci veteris vnc 4. misce simul Vâ—ssicatorum Rec. Cantharidum abiectis capitibus et alis drag 3. succi flammulae vel pedis coruiui vnc 2. se fermeÌ„ti veteris vnc 2. piperis longi drag 1. se misce fiat emplastrum Aliud ex Bartapallia Rec. Fermentum non siccum et fac ipsum tenerum fortissimo aceto deinde accipe cantharides quaÌ„titate que sufficit et pone superfermento et appone loco affecto est mirabilis iuuamenti in humoribus trahendis a capite et vento fitatibus dissoluendis a fatie Aliud Rec. Flammulae m. 2. contundantur diligenter et partae applicentur Item fieri potest de persicaria de appio filuestri radice ranunculi et de viburno The thirteenth Chapter of Medicaments which stay the Fluxe of Bloud BEcause the Bloud is the treasure of life it is most needefull when it floweth excessiuely to stay the same otherwise death shall follow This medicament is of nature and qualitie colde and is either simple or composed The Simple â—olus Armenus preparatus Terra sigillata sanguis Draconis crocus martis veneris calx testarum ouorum colcothar simplex colcothar dulcificatum cerusa cadinia lytargirum gipsum thus aloe mastix resina gluten Amilum grana passularum rubrarum portulaca semperviuum â—aâ—da equina auricula muris vmbilicus veneris psilium farina volatilis Corallum vtrumque lapis haematites calcantum vstum dragagantum sarcocolla gummi arabici pili leporis vsti sanguis humanus vstus antimonium centinodium tela araneorum et alia quae audiuisti in Capite de vulneribus venarum et arteriarum Puluis astringens Rec. Thuris partem vnam pilotum Leporis minutim incisorum partemse fiat puluis Aliud Rec. Balaustiorum onc 3. alluminis onc 1. vitrioli vsti onc se misce fiat puluis Aliud Rec. Thuris partem vnam sanguinis draconis partem se calcis vinae partem tertiam fiat puluis Cataplasma Rec. Thuris Aloes Sanguinis draconis Boli armenici an partes aequales omnibus cum oui albumine â—â—ceptis cum pilis ventris leporis minutim incisis fiat Cataplasma Hemoragia desperata ex Auicenna Rec. Vitrioli vsti onc 2. se Thuris onc 2. Aloes et Glutinis sicci an onc 1. arsenici onc se gipsi puluerisati onc 2. se misce et fiat puluis qui aspergatur pluma ceolis As for those which make a skarre like as the Canter actuall they be of diuers formes and are applyed in diuers manners as ye haue heard And so wee ende this Treatise in the name of the Father and of the Sonne and of the holy Ghost Amen FINIS THE BOOKE OF THE PREsages of deuyne Hyppocrates deuyded into three partes Also the protestation which Hyppocrates caused his Schollers to make THE WHOLE NEWLY COLlected and Translated by PETER LOW Arellian Doctor in the facultie of Chirurgerie in PARIS AT LONDON Printed by Thomas Purfoot 1597. TO THE RIGHT HONORAble and his most esteemed Lorde Robert Lord Sempile Sheriffe of Renfrowe and Baily of the Regalitie of Pastlay Knight of his Maiesties most noble Order and one of his Maiesties most Honorable Priuie Counsell P L. wisheth increase of all honorable Vertues WHEN I had turned into our vulgar language this little worke Right Honorable I considered with my selfe that in auncient time and also in this our Age men haue accustomed to dedicate their trauels vnto such vertuous Personages as they haue honored and I examining my selfe vnto whom I might addresse this little labour of mine I thought good to presume to your goodnesse and present the same to your Lordshippe as a pledge of my zeale and humble duetie towards you your honourable and matchlesse vertues deriued in part from your noble Parentes but more plentifully inriched by your inuincible mind valiant prowesse and rare martiall exploytes in prosecuting all venterous and hardy attemptes which was experimented at your being in Fraunce to the terrour of your enemies honour of your countrey and immortall Fame to you and your Posteritie for euer wherein you manifest to the eye of the worlde the true Idaea of perfect Nobilitie leauing to succeeding posteritie a memorable remembrance of your neuer-dying Fame If your Lordship vouchsafe to patronize my endeuours not worthy so honourable a Patrone I shall be surely protected from the venemous teeth of all carpers and beare with ease the burthen of their reproches my labours wantes not their reward if they winne your good will nor my minde his desire if you vouchfafe to fauour I cease wishing your Lordship as many happie yeeres as vertues commending my labours to your honorable protection I
it be greatlie altered and changed as followeth hee shall esteame it perill and danger of death when the nose and nostrels are extenuated and sharpened by the same Malady and the eyes hollow and the temples viz. the parts betweene the eares and forehead are leane and the skinne of the brow is hard dry and loose and the eares cold and shronke or almost doubled and all the face appeareth black pale liuide or leaden and greatly deformed in respect of that which it was in time of health When these things before mentioned appeare in the Face or the most part of them In the beginning or first daies of the Maladie he must enquire if he cannot knowe by any other token if it happen not by watching too much viz. that the Patient hath not had time nor opportunitie to sleepe or if he hath had a naturall flux of the belly or if the said thinges haue happened by famine for if it be so he ought not to feare danger On the contrarie if the Face appeare such and continue and the Patient saith that the said things doe not proceed of watching loosenes of body nor by fasting the Medicine Chirurgian may assuredly presage death approching and if the maladie hath already continued three or foure daies after hauing considered that as is aboue mentioned it behooued him to contemplate by other signes as by the eyes and other parts of the body To presage by the signes of the Eyes and Lippes JF the Eies cannot see the day or light and weepe or powre out teares against nature and against the Patients will Also when it seemeth that they are like to fall out of the head or that the one is euidently giuen lesse or diminished or that the white of the eyes is red and the vaines appeare red or liuide or that they are bleared or dimme or trembling and very moueable or deepe sonck in also when the sick becommeth squint eyed and looketh ouer thwart and hath a terrible and obscure looke and hath the visage all disfigured fearefull all these signes are pernicious and mortall Also when the Patient sleepeth with his eyes halfe open he doth not so by custome and the white of the eye shew it selfe the eye lids being onely closed and this happeneth not by the flux of the body nor by laxatiue medicines it is a signe of death Also when the eye lids the lips and nose seeme to be crooked and drawen awry also mortified and liuide these signes with the preceding foretell death to the sicke Likewise when the lips are leane hanging downe colde and pale against the nature of the sicke the Medicine Chirurgian may presage and prognosticate death to approch To presage by the maner of Lying and Reposing AS for Lying it is a very good signe when the Patient reposeth and resteth on the right side or left at his ease hauing his hands vpon his stomack or elsewhere not being stiffe nor his legs but flexible and to repose as in health is best For to lie with neck hands feet stifly extended and vnflexible is an euill signe Likewise when the sicke turneth wrings and tosseth vp downe often times with starting either in sleepe or waking and making the beds feet where the head should be casting himselfe down not knowing what he doth is an euill signe Also if hee often vncouer himselfe hauing no great heat in the extremities that he casteth forth his armes legs feet head sōtime on this side somtime on that it is a signe that he is in great anguish distresse also it is a pernitious signe to sleepe with the mouth open contrarie to nature likewise to sleepe with the face vpward hauing the legs enterlaced and folded together as it were cords and that by the force and violence of the Maladie is a bad signe or when they are much enlarged against reason Likewise he that sleepeth contrarie to nature custome with the belly downeward laid close to the bed sheweth and signifieth confusion and alienation of sences or great rage dolor of the belly Also whosoeuer in the day of Critication and force of the Maladie constraines and forceth himselfe to rise sit vpright and is impatient puts himselfe in danger and it is an euill signe in all vehement great Maladies but worse in pulmonick passions ¶ To Presage by the Teeth VVHen one gnasheth the teeth not as a man that hath extreame cold but with collision in the Feuer hath not had it naturally nor by custome it signifieth trēbling of the spirit consequently death and if he be shortly after voide of reason and alienated it signifieth death approching ¶ To Presage of the signe of Death by the Vlcer IF there happen to the sicke person any Vlcer Antrax or Carbuncle whether it goe before the Maladie or come with the Malady if the Vlcer dry vp and it become neither greene liuide nor black and you perceaue the sicke to grow worse you may prognosticate death ensuing ¶ To presage by the Handes VVHen the Patient sicke of the burning Feuer or in the Maladie of the lights called Peripneumonia or in bastard frenzie and not perfect or in great dolor of the head seekes haire and there about below vpon the bed as threds and haeres of the face also feathers or filth of the couerings also straw rushes and other thinges thinkes to take hold of the seeling walles the which are al mortall signes ¶ To presage by Breath or Respiration THe Breath or Respiration signifieth often dolors or inflammations or burning in the spirituall members as in the heart and lights but when it is great and rare so that there is any long space betwixt the Respiration it signifieth alienation of vnderstanding and reason And when the breath issueth out of the mouth nostrils very cold it foretels great perill of death But gentle Respiration in any hot Maladie being ioyned and accompanied with a Feuer is signe of health in those that do end in fortie daies ¶ Of the Prognostication by Sweat THe healthfull commendable and good Sweat in all hot Maladies is that which hapneth in the day of Critication Iudgement and chifly when it is vniuersall the Patient findes himselfe thereby eased strengthened And if it happen not in the same day be not vniuersall it is no good signe For the mortall Sweat is particular cold as in the forehead in the head or face only and this in the burning Feuer and other Maladies declareth continuance of the Maladie ¶ To presage of the Right side and Left WHen the Patient feeles not any dolour tumor hardnesse or Inflammation vpon the Ribbes it is a very good signe and when the one side is as soft as the other without dolour But if there be dolour tumor hardnesse or Inflammation on both sides or on the one more then the other it is an euill signe For if he feele great motion or pulsacion in one of the