can greatly hurte them Which persons althoughe with dainty fare idle life and much Sleepe they bring themselues many times to this porzynes corpulencie yet they be not so daungerously sicke whē any discrasie happeneth as they that be of the same constitution and state from their firste begīning For although some which in their youth were slender leane happen afterward to be fat grosse and fleshie yet their veynes Arteryes and other passages and cunduites of their bodyes remaine still large and wyde which thing plainlye appeareth whensoeuer they feeling themselues not wel at ease haue any occasion to be let bloud For in this accidentall habite of body althoughe the party be fat and forgrowen yet the veynes lye not hid vnappearing as in them that naturally be grosse but swel out and plainlye appeare to the eye offering thēselues to the Laūce by incisiō hāsomly to be cut Therfore although this moyst Cōplexion being cherished by heat be laudable good for that it prolongeth life differreth and keepeth away Oldage suffereth not the body to grow into drynesse yet if it exceede toofarre or stand in the point of extremity it is daungerous For when by reason of the veynes beinge ful the body ceasseth to be nourished and the faculties of nature which distribute nourishmente intermit their office and cannot worke in this case needes must the body go to wracke and incurre inconuenience so that eyther sodaine death therupon ensueth or els al least some rupture of y Vessels and veynes happeneth These things being considered it shal be good speedely and in time to forsee breake this habite and disposition and by y meanes of moderate euacuation abstynence and watchinge to preuente further daunger vsing such a prescripte diet and ordinary as best serueth to reduce the bodye into a safer and lesse daungerous Constitution For this is genera lye to be noted that a bodye is not to be accompted reckened moyst in respecte of abundaunce of excrements and humours but of a temperate moystnes of all the parts and of the whole proportionably together wyth which tēperate moysture naturall heate is fedde and nouryshed and life therby many yeares prolonged Finis Libri Primi THE SECONDE BOOKE WHER IN AS IN A GLASSE is plainly and liuelye described the perfecte state and expresse Image of euery particuler Nature By the vvhich euery man may most readily finde out the very right Constitution plight condition affect and disposition of his ovvne Body ¶ Of a Compounde Complexion The first Chapter COmpounde Complexions consistinge of two qualities a piece are in nūber foure like as y symple be vz hoat and Moyst Hoat and Dry Cold and Moyst Colde Drye vnto whom there belong and are appendant so many Humours diffused into euery parte of the whole body Bloud Phlegme Choler Melācholie These according to the nature of nourishmēt receyued are encreased or diminished suffring chaūg alteration are easelye one into an other transmuted And albeit these humours being of great force diuers wayes and sondryly affecting the bodye yea the wyth fulsome and vnpleasaunte exhalations and sentes is oftentimes greatly annoyed and encūbred euen as ill naughtye wyne bringeth to the brayne affects both hurtful and daūgerous may not be accompted Elementes neyther are able to constitute any Complexion yet are they endued wyth Elementall qualitye and vertue and helpe much to the conseruation keeping of the whole body in good plight and order For as wee see the fyer to be fedde wyth matter combustible and Torches Lynkes Candles and such like nouryshed wyth Oyle or some other rosennye and fattie substaunce so lykewise the elementall qualities and all the powers and faculties of nature derpued into the vital spermaticke seede of our Parents do stande in continuall neede of nourishment For if the body should not be susteyned wyth nourishment or if the humours which moystē euery particuler member should lack the preseruatyues and fomentations wherewyth they be maynteyned the whole frame of mans body must of necessity decaye and be vtterly dissolued and euery part thereof vanishe away into his lyke whereof it was generated or into that whose nature it conteyneth wythin it selfe whether it do participate with Fyer Apre Earth Water or drawe neere in nature and be famylier to any of them They depend mutually one of an other and are stedfastly maynteyned by the helpe and stay one of an other Neyther is there any parte in mans body so small so vyle or so abiect that hath not respect to the comelynesse and conseruation of the whole bodye doth orderly discharge his due office and proper function whereunto it was created And this I would not haue to be onely spoken and ment of y vse and vtility of euery of the members partes seuerally but also of the humours which by the helpe of nourishment do meynteine supporte and vnderproppe the temperamente and complexion of eche body and by the helpe of naturall heate do geeue increase and growth to al the members generally For which cause Hippocrates and Galene not wythout good reason apoint the foure naturall humours being perfect and pure the Elements of Creatures endued wyth bloud for out of theym commeth a secundarie oryginall of oure procreation For they mynister matter plentifully and helpe highly in the breedinge and shaping of the Infante or yonglinge specially if the body be well ballassed wyth good holesome meates and now and then heated wyth a draught of good wyne for without these Venus games are perfourmed but faintly sorilie which thing seemeth to be ment by the yong Strypling Chremes in Terence who being sober beganne to abhorre and loath his harlot and Concubine but beynge wel whittled in wyne to take therin gret delight and pleasure and not scarse able to qualefie himselfe from committinge further follie wyth her as in this Prouerbiall sentence he flatly professed Take meate and drincke and vvyne avvay Small is the lust to Venus play For the Testicles Genitories and members of generation draw vnto them frō the principall mēbers and conuert into Seede the best most exquistielye concocted humours Which seede hauing 〈◊〉 great store of effectuous profitable Spyrit is the worker of heate of all the other faculties and in the begetting and procreation of Children is the chiefe parent and causer Into it is a wonderful vertue and diuine power by Gods good will and appoyntmente infused for the shaping and fashioning of the yong Creature wythin the mothers wombe for it produceth a fruict of seemely most beautifull workemanship rightly shapen and in ech poynt perfectly proporcioned if the Seede wherof it was begotten do issue from a sound and holesome body for otherwyse if the seede be of a diseased corrupt and infected bodye the issue and ofspringe cannot choose but be monstruous and deformed Somewhat therfore to recreate the Reader to make this argument more
plausible delightfull and populer I will depaint and set downe y nature and condition of the Humours that rule and beare sway in mans bodye because they produce and bringe forth their lyke qualities For Bloud is partaker of Hoat and moyste Choler of hoat and Dry Phlegme of Cold and moyste and Melancholie of Cold and dry Therefore that Temperament which is Hoate and moyst may very well be referred to a Sanguine man Hoat and dry to a Cholerique and so forth of the rest but yet so that wee confesse the Complexion and temperament of maÌ„ not to grow or proceede elsewhere then of the Elemental qualities for of theÌ„ haue they theyr names not of y Humours First therefore there be iiii Elements Fyer Ayre Earth Water which of al things made are the original beginnings Next are the Qualities that is to say the myxture of Hoat Cold Mayst and Dry of whoÌ„ proceede the differences of Complexions Last of all the foure Humours whose force and Nature the seede comprehendeth and conteyneth wythin it vnto whom besyde the qualities which are to it in steede of an Instrumente and not of a woorker the chiefe cause next vnder God of the fourmyng and creation of al the parts is truly to be attributed These holesome humours to the conseruation of health and mayntenaunce of lyfe are right necessary and profitable For of them do consist and of them are nourished the entyer parts of all Creatures and for this cause so long as a man lyueth he can neuer want these without great detrimeÌ„t dauÌ„ger of his health Notwythstanding according to the course of time and season of the yere according to the quality of the ayre enclosing vs accordinge to the condition of the place where we dwel and according to the nature of ech age they are encreased or dimynished For Bloud being the best of all the humours and endued with heate and moysture is in his chiefe pryme force in the Spring season namely peculier and proper to lustye flourishinge age which commonly is of a sanguine and ruddie colour which neuerthelesse wanteth not also in the other Natures Phlegme being like vnto water is of nature colde and moyst and taketh his encrease in wynter and engendreth diseases like vnto it selfe Choler beinge of qualitie hoate and drye resembleth tyer hath his most force in Sommer which although in sight and touching it appeare moyst and of colour yelowish like Maluesey yet in operacion power and effect it is hoat of ardent nature Melancholie not vnlike to Earth cold drye encreaseth and taketh force in Autumne this is the dryer and grosser part of bloud and the dreggie refuse thereof All these differences of humours wheÌ„ a veine is opened for it is not all pure bloude that gussheth thereout is plainly of all men to be perceyued First before it be cold it doth shewe and represent to the eye an ayrie fomy Spirit which by and by vanisheth awaye then an exact pure licour of most perfect and excellente ruddynesse y which is pure and right bloude in which there swymmeth Choler and sometime toughe clammye Phlegme sometime liquide and thinne according to the nature condition and state of maÌ„ Last of all if you tourne vp the whole masse or lumpe you shall finde Melancholie altogether of colour blacke And thus euerye humour abundinge in the bodye bewrayeth it selfe by his owne proper colour insomuch that sometime y bloud that issueth out of the veynes liquefyeth and is dissolued into Choler or Phlegme or clottereth thickeneth into MelaÌ„cholie reteyneth either no colour or very litle of bloud And if a man were disposed by taste to haue further knowledge in these humours he maye with his tongue and palate aswell iudge and discerne the relyce and tallage thereof as he doth their colour by his eye For Bloud is sweete in a maner of the relyshe and tast of mylke because it is much like and of kinne vnto it Choler is bitter of the nature of Gall Phlegme vnsauery as water and without all qualitye so longe as it is not rotten nor myxt wyth other humours for then is it eyther salt or sowrishe Melancholie is sharpe eigreâ— tarte These tastes and relyshes there is no maÌ„â—hat perceyueth and feeleth not when as in voanyting perbraking hee casteth vp any of them yea in sweate and euen in the spettle these tastes are manyfestlye descryed perceiued for of these hâ—â—mours they haue participate their powers facultyes and with their qualityes are they endned ¶ Of a Hoate and moyst Complexion and by the way of the disposition and nature of a Sanguine man The ij Chapter HAuing heretofore set downe the descriptioÌ„ of symple Complexions and temperatures which bee so termed for that they consiste of one onely quality bearyng swaye and dominion more theÌ„ any of y rest by course of my purposed work I am next to entreate of them that are compouÌ„d For in the very beginning and first entrauÌ„ce of this worke my promyse and ful intent was to set downe and describe such a Complexion and state of body as was in euery point perfect and absolute and to repulfe keepe away al such harmes and inconueniences as in anye wyse mighte empayre health or brynge the bodye from his good state into worse case and taking I haue therfore thought it good here in this place first to inserte the temperament that is hoat and moyst because it is nâ—ereste and lykest to the best For no state of body sauing onely the best and chiefeste is better or more commendable then this nor any that longer prolongeth life and keepeth backe Didage so that the same consist and be wythin y limittes and compasse of temperatnes that is of hoate and moyst Therfore sithens this state among al that be compound is accoÌ„pted chiefeste wee muste stande vppon the discourse therof the more narowly and precysely and the rather because sundry PhysitioÌ„s make no mo but soure differences grounding their reasons and not altogether painly that it is not possible as Galene wytnessethâ— that any temperature or distemperature can long continue alone and symple For somuch as necessarilye it adopteth and taketh to it an other For y Hoate consumynge wastinge moysture engendreth and bryngeth drynesse Cold consuming wasting nothing after a sorte encreaseth humour Semblably the Dry quality in those ages that a Creature groweth and encreaseth maketh it hoater but when it decreaseth and draweth towarde decay it maketh colde and dryeth the solide partes of the body but the Receyuers and conceptacles of the humours it filleth wyth excrements which thing in Oldmen is plainly to be discerned perceyued who abouÌ„de and are ful of Phlegme spitting spatteringe aâ— theyr mouth with their Noses euer dropping and sneuillye Which thing later Phisitions eueÌ„ of our time as yet obseruing reiecting symple temperatures which notwythstanding may not wel be
and lowde reading of bigge tuned sounds by stoppes and certayne Pauses as our Comicall felowes now do that measure Rhetorick by theyr peeuish Rhythmes it will bryng exceeding much good to the Breast and Muscles No lesse ease and profite lykewyse shall a man thereby finde for the openyng of hys pypes and expelling thence al obstructions specially if hee vse himselfe a litle to holde in his breath and pinching together his lyppes wyth his cheekes full blowen to let his breath gushe oute wyth a full sturdye sounde But this in yonge men sayth Galene is to bee moderated till they be at consistente Age and in mornynges when the body is emptye and not infarced neyther wyth the nightly exercyse of venerous pastimes afore wearyed and weakened This Exercyse also of al others is most chiefly coÌ„uenieÌ„t good for them that eyther by imperfectioÌ„ of nature or by negligeÌ„ce of Nurses are crooke-backed For the Muscles of their bulke breast and the lappes or bellowes of theyr LoÌ„ges being drawen together crooked toward theyr backs causeth theÌ„ to be shortwynded which by this meanes is greatly eased they therby made to fetche their wynd a great deale better with more facility Horses of good courage breedâ— when they feele the Spurre with coursinge tramplinge and fâ—tching the capre caryre or curuetty do the very same thinge naturally with their snuffing Nosethrils a tokeÌ„ wherby to know good coragious Horse which men do when they holde in theyr breath stroute out their C. jeekes This trick to make theÌ„ snuffe y Horscorsers vse by pinching them by the Noses and if thereupon they forthwyth puffe and blowe they take it for a certayne signe and sure token that the same horse is good and hath in him no hidden nor secrete fault For if he pace not well if he fling oute wyth his heeles and kicke if he haue a stiffe legge or a blynde eye and such like outward impediment it is euident by sight and loking on to be perceyued by other outward tokens ought and may easelye be found out and tryed I could heere repeate a great sort of other exercises moe as Dyce Tables Cardes but because they bee the pastimes recreations of ydle persons to be done standing still or sittinge and againe be not in y noÌ„ber of coÌ„mendable delights laudable solaces I haue spared in this place to speake anye thing of them For men of good nature and disposition when they haue any spare time from their other earneste busynesse desyre frequente such solaces sportes as are ioyned with honesty such as are the pleasures of the countrye practize of husbaÌ„dry which briÌ„geth with it not only pleasure but profite gaine also the plentifully without any dislykiÌ„g toyle For the master or owner of the ground needes not with his owne handes to moyle toyle digge and delue plough and carte sow harrowe breake cloddes to digge aboute his trees and cleanse awaye the superfluous and hurtful earth sithence he may take lesse paynes by committing the doing thereof to his Hindes and meigniall Hyerlings whom he may dayly ouersee and by word of mouth berke or figne appointe what he will haue to be done and taken in hand Which thing is meant by Terence where he bringeth in one old maÌ„ reprouing an other for drudging and moylinge in his grounde himselfe saying thus The toyle and labour vvhich thou takest vvith thyne ovvne hands if thou vvouldest bestovv the same in ouerseeinge thy folkes and setinge them to their busynesse thou shouldest haue more vvorke done by a great deale The owners foote maketh a fruitfull fielde sayth the Prouerbe and the Maysters eye fatteth the horse Now when we leaue of from exercyse and come to our meate and drincke which restoreth strength we must be very wary carefull that we ouercharge not our stomackes wyth superabundaunce and saciety For as too much abstinence and hunger is oftentymes hurtfull so too much fulnes and saciety is neuer profitable holesome for there wyth the Stomacke is too-much stuffed and distempered with cruditye engendring oppilation and putrefaction the verye breeders and procurers of Agewes and al other diseases To maynteyne preserue bodely health in perfect stay and soundnes all thinges are to be done in due order and by right choyse of iudgement so that according to the precept of Hyppocrates Labour or Exercyse Meate Drynck carnal Acte all muste be vsed in measure and be done in their due time and order Hereby wee see that by his opynion healthynes must take his beginning at Exercyse after which meate and drincke commeth next then Slepe and last of an carnall Act meetest for them sayth Galene â— vsually haue recourse thereto and feele sheve by leaste harme that is for 〈◊〉 Age for so Olde age and dry bodyes it is exceedingly hurtfull and most pernitious Neyther â—â—it without daunger and harme to be frequeÌ„ted of those that be of 〈◊〉 Complexions specially being vsed oute of season or immoderately or when the weather is hote In the Spring time it is more tolilerable and holesome after that the bodye is with moderate 〈…〉 meate and brincke heated and moystened and being also before sleepe For by this meanes the wearynesse 〈…〉 doing is by Sleepe incontineutly 〈◊〉 cased and repayred ¶ Emptynesse and Repletion THis moderation is in other thinges also to be obserued as when the body requyreth with meate and brincke to the refreshed or being wyth humours appâ—ete defyreth 〈◊〉 prouided alwayes that good consideration be had what strength the bodye is of what nature is able to beare and how farre herein a man may safely apuenture Which thing also in well and cyrcumspectly to be waighed and 〈◊〉 of in openyng of Veynes in prouokinge sweate in procuring laskes in skowringe and purginge the Entrailes and prouokinge vomites for in these regard and respecte muste be had both of time age custome nature and Countrey Neither ought any man of custome to vse and try any of these experiences rashly vpon himself except great cause therunto moue him or that he be troubled with much aboundaunce of noysome humours which requyre eyther by purgation or els by euacuation to bee expelled For in euerye CouÌ„try almost there be some which at all seasoÌ„s of the yeare vse to be let bloude or els by scaryfyinge the skinne to be cupped to the no small hindraunce daunger and empechmeÌ„t of their health for together with the bloude which is the treasure of lyfe there passeth out no smal deale of the vitall Spirite whereby the whole bodye falleth into great coldnes and nature weakened therby made lesse hable to performe her woorke and function So likewyse others without any aduyse of the Physitions wyll swallowe Pylles dryncke Purgations whereby they enfeeble their strength and hasten old age before the time The same now and then happeneth to sondry
tryed and prooued by castinge vpoÌ„ them Salt or glasse or Alume for therwith they presently resolue and consume into a liquide substaunce And as men and mute Creatures so also sondry Plantes and great stemmed hearbes are endued with this quality which by reason of their deletory coldnes bringe destruction vnto Creatures as â—eÌ„bane MaÌ„drake Napellus Solanum Mortiferum Aconitum the iuyce of black Popie called Opium which although in respect of their temperament and clementary qualitie they bee colde in the fourth and higheste degree yet by the benefite of vitall heate dissusing it selfe from celestiall thinges into these lower bodyes they doe liue and flourish in a freshe verdure For in euery nature especially humayne there is a certaine celestial or diuine vertue ouer beside that which is constituted of feede and of the feminine bloud For the warme calefactiue Spyrit which a litle afore we sayde was infused into the whole worlde and into all the particuler parts thereof laboureth vppon the Elementes and geeueth life to all thinges and finally woorketh in them that vertue and efficacie whereby throughe propagation they encrease and procreate kindes like to themselues and produce a Creature of the same nature they themselues be For the first procreation of lyuing creatures being produced made of Elementall concretion and of the Parentes Seede which is a portion or parte of the purest best concocted bloude then doth nature whose skilful workmaÌ„ship no hand nor curious craftesmaÌ„ is able by imitation to reseÌ„ble or reach vnto hauing her original diuine supernal applyeth the woorke she hath in framynge bringeth her thinges to perfect passe conueigheth the powers animall wyth the Spyrites vital and vertues effectuall into the matter she hath in hande by whose mynistery shee perfectly finisheth all the lymmes proportioneth all the lineaments fitteth them to the rest of the meÌ„bers of the bodye gyueth such shape proportion to the thinges animated as daily we see represeÌ„ted set before our eyes This wonderfull force of nature which we elswhere haue shewed to yssue flow froÌ„ the most abundant fountaine of Diuinity beinge diffused into ech part of the whole bodye moueth slyrreth the masse thereof directeth gouerneth the mynd and vnderstanding maketh the same applyable to sondry actions by whose benefite and help eueÌ„ those thiÌ„gs do liue haue their being which are stiffe and nummed with cold althoughe heate in theÌ„ be faint feeble which least it should altogether droupe be vtterly extiÌ„guished least thou cold quality wherto the drye is of affinity should toomuch preuaile encrease must be styrred vp excyted with hoate fomentatioÌ„s For wheÌ„ natural moysture is all wasted inward heat extinct theÌ„ death approcheth the whole frame of the body teÌ„deth to dissolution ruine It coÌ„meth theÌ„ to passe eueÌ„ as SalomoÌ„ by an elegaÌ„t apt similitude describeth that when the coÌ„position knittinge together of the body is lewsed a sonder streÌ„gth decayed gone theÌ„ shal maÌ„ be tourned again into dust froÌ„ wheÌ„ce he was taken made the Spirite shal retourne into his euerlastinge dwellinge to God which made it But to theud euery maÌ„ may perfectlye know the nature coÌ„dicion of this coÌ„plexion and constitucion I wil compendiously as it were by the way set downe certaine marks tokeÌ„s wherby it shal easely be knowen A cold ComplexioÌ„ if it be coÌ„pared to a hoate hath al properties coÌ„trary For eueÌ„ as heat beiÌ„g diffused into ech part of the body imparteth his quality vnto the humours maketh the body y parts therof to be of colour ruddie so cold imperteth his quality vnto the meÌ„bers humours maketh the body of colour pale and vnsightly But if we be disposed particulerly to marke obserue al the notes and tokens thereto incident we shall finde in the colde complexioned body all things contrary and diuerse from the hoate For the bodye is pilde and smoth the hayre loose and soft of colour partakinge wyth redde and white and quickly shedding The skinne in touching cold vnder it some store of fatnes For when heat in maÌ„s body is faiÌ„t dul fatnes engeÌ„dreth which as it much happeneth to the feminine Sexe so also breedeth it in many others that liue ydle at ease withoute labour or exercise And for this cause through immoderate coldnes the bodye waxeth grosse fat and corpulent againe by immoderate heate which melteth awaye and dissolueth fat the body is made leane and drye For there be manye thinges not comminge to man by nature or from his natiuitye and beginning but accidentally and otherwise procured as eyther by chaunginge of the ordinary custome of life or by alteration of diet or by heate labour slouth solitarinesse lumpishnes feare sorrowe care and sondry others many wayes chaunginge the state of the body making it somtime slender leane sometime fat corpulent Which thinges also to the making of the colour of the face bodye fayre or foule good or badde are of no lesse force and efficacie For what thinges soeuer do excite and stirre vp natiue heate as Laughter myrthe exercise wyne c. do make the face pleasauntlye freshlye coloured but such thinges as be cold suppresse heate as cold ayre and nypping wynd toomuch drynkinge of water immoderate sleepe ouermuch eatinge of cold meates feare sadnesse carefulnes such like make the body to be white coloured Thus they that be of cold Complexions are white coloured vnlesse this quality grow surmount to an excesse and great intension For then it declyneth to aswart and leaden colour such as we see in men in the cold Wynter the wynde being at North whose cheekes Noses lyppes fyngers and eares are swart and wanne wyth stiffe cold benummed But yet this commodity they haue by colde that it maketh them very hungry greedye of meate and not easely satisfyed albeit they do not well digeste nor concocte it And if the tunicles of their Stomack together wyth the cold haue in them any sowrish or sharpe humour they are in eating insaciable and very rauenous feeders which affecte is called Canina appeteÌ„tia the Dogges appetite or the hungry Sicknes which is qualefyed and taken away by drynking the purest stroÌ„gest Wyne To proue that appetite is sharpened wyth colde maye well appeare by Salades and sondry other sower and tarte Condimentes which wee vse in Sommer season to prouoke appetite wythal And as natiue heate maketh men nymble and actyue so cold causeth them to be slouthfull loytering sluggishe drowsy and vnapt to any labour or exercyse because they lacke the Instruments wherwyth to do any such functions Such persons haue foltering tongues and nothing ready in vtterauÌ„ce a nyce soft and womaÌ„nish voyce weake feeble faculties of Nature ill memory blockish wit doltish mynde courage for lack of heate slendernes of vital spyrit feareful and tymorous at
to his admonitions or shryncke asyde and refuse the lore of his prescriptions and commaundmeÌ„ts For many being hoodwinked and bewitched wyth the tryfling doctrine and friuolous traditions of mans inuention reiecte and forsake the pure and cleare founteyne that perpetually yeldeth most abouÌ„dant store of the euerlasting water of lyfe and seeke after ryuers that are dryed vp and as Hieremie termeth it digge to themselues Cesternes and broken pitts that can holde no licour or drop of holesome dotryne That worthy constante and throughlye tryed Souldiour Iob bemoaneth his owne case offirming that in the nighte season hee was sore disquieted with troublesom dreames and dreadfull vysions For the nature office of Sleepe being nothinge else then a mitigation of labours a quiet surceassing for the time froÌ„ toyle and a refreshinge of the bodye with the busy cares and dealings of the day before wearied from these cares troubles did not his Sleepe in the nighte disburden and ease him but rather encreased and doubled the same that his minde still remayning terryfied with dreadful dreames and apparitioÌ„s For thus doth he reason with himself and these complaints doth he vtter in that his worthy dialogue or rather Tragicomicall discourse If I thincke to my selfe that my bed dâ— shall comfort mee and mitigate my griefe and that I shal haue some ease and refreshing vppon my Couch then troublest thou me vvith dreames and makest me afrayed throughe visions insomuch that I vvishe for death to come and make an end of al my sorovves As touching the inwarde notes of this complexioned body and his inclination of mynde for a man ought in ech point and respect throughlye to be viewed and considered a hoate and moyste quality incident to bloude produceth in men diuerse natures and accordinge to the more or lesse mixture of other humours frameth in them sondry maners and diuers dispositions They that be meere Sanguine and haue none or very litle Melancholy or Choler mixed therwyth as most neerelye approchinge to the nature and Sense of brute beasts are commonly doltes and fooles or at least not greatly cumbred wyth much witte For sytheÌ„s as Galene sayth sharpnes finenes of wit coÌ„meth of Choler ConstaÌ„cy and stedfastnes of Melancholie Phlegme to the framynge and disposinge of the maners helpeth nothing neyther standeth in anye steede it remayneth then that simplicity and foolishnes proceedeth of Bloud Thus are yong Cattell which in comparyson of the elder ones haue greate stoare of Bloude for the most part as wee see foolishe sotlike and bettleheaded as Kyddes Calues yonge Sheepe Lambes young wyeld Kidds or Roebuckes yong Kyttons and the yonge of all other dumme Creatures besyde and amonge Men the neerer that any one approcheth to the nature of brute Beasts the more lyke vnto them in maners and conditions is hee Which thing any that is but meanely skilled in Natures works may easely iudge and discerne euen by certayne significations of theyr eyes and countenaunce eche of which is as a glasse wherin to behold and whereby to discouer the inward affections of the mynde In many men there is a greate resemblance affynitie in nature wyth other Beastes and the further that these digresse from the puritie of teÌ„perament the lesse sway in them beareth Reason Iudgment Vnderstanding willingnes to doe good Wysedome and discretion to be short they are partakers of all those things that are commoÌ„ to Beasts And thus there bee many which eyther for lack of good educatioÌ„ or through this deprauatioÌ„ of Nature degenerate into Beastes and in all their actioÌ„s in one poynt or other resemble them in conditions Many like Wolues are bloud-suckers extortioners raueners Many like â—â—erce cruell outragious and terrible lyinge in wayte to sheede bloud and hunting theyr brother to death As the PriÌ„ce vvil so sayth the Iudge Lykewyse sayth Ezechiel Iehoakim is become a LyoÌ„ vvhich hath learned to spoyle deuour folk to make vvidovves destroy their houses make their Cities desert Some be as foyinge gesturous and counterfeâ—cting of any thing by ymitacion as Apes Some Forlyke are suttle wylie deceiptfull and crafty to entrappe and catche the innocent at aduauntage And in lyke sorte there be others which resemblyng the nature and conditions of other beastes and degeneratinge from theyr integrity and excellencie humaine eyther degenerate quite into Beasts or at least become much lyke vnto them As for ChildreÌ„ yonge Stryplinges aboute 14. or 15. yeares of age or vnder by reason that theyr bloude is pure and ful of swelling spyrit are still styrring quick nymble actiue wanton vnmodest malapert saucie proude wythoute wit and much giuen to toying and playinge for wee see them as wanton as Calues that is to say in mowyng with theyr mouthes in voyce gesture becks clapping of hands light songes vayne ioyfulnes where there is no cause immoderate myrth disordered fysking Vp downe and vncertayne motion gate all which do signify a shuttle waueryng nature a mynde subiect to great mutability and vncoÌ„stancy procedyng and caused of the boyling of theyr bloude wythin them which boyleth vp as it were seetheth in theyr Vâ—ynes euen as new Wyne Ale or Beere spurgeth and worketh in the Tunne Hereuppon the Netherlanders and Lowe Duchmen haue deuysed certayne prouerbial termes wherewyth they are wonte commonlye to quippe those yonge princockes and lustye gallantes whom they see ouerioyed or toofarre gone in wanton iolity makynge themselues as ridiculous and iestyng stockes to the whole companye Neyther are they incited to these immoderate pleasures through reason or auy well stayed discretion but by impotencie of mynde and wylfull affection digressing and swaruyng from modestye temperaunce and moderacion y lack wherof googleth theyr vnstayed heades and caryeth them into many inordinate pranckes of childishe insolencie They also bewraye theyr owne vnconstancie and vnstayed mynds by much shaking of their heads and continual playing and toying wyth theyr handes and feete insomuch that some accompt them no better then starke mad or persons distract of their right wittes Neyther do they sind themselues occupyed in any earnest matter that is to any good purpose neyther shew they forth eyther in woordes or deedes any piece of wysedome but vndeceÌ„tly for theyr age lasciuiouslye retourne vnto their boyishnes agayne whereas meeter it were in respect of theyr time passed nowe to fall to some thryft and to frame theyr lyfe after the prescription of some good order Hereuppon doe wee vse a Prouerbiall similitude taken of the nature and conditions of yonge Calues which in the Sprynge tyme of the yeare in the greene pastures when theyr bellyes be ful skippe and leape vp and downe wantonlye and toyingly fysking and iumpynge now this waye nowe that waye nowe rounde about one whyle raysing themselues vppon the forefeete an otherwhyle vpon the hynder Leggs whose maners fashyoÌ„s such yoÌ„g youthes as in their daily order of lyfe do imitate
and resemble are sayde in latine vitulari which is to bee as wanton and toying as a yonge Calfe or not to haue shedde all theyr Calues teeth or that theyr Iawes ytche with Caluishe wantonnes The Booke of Wysedome fathered and asscrybed vnto Salomon sayth Spuria vitulamina noÌ„ agent radices altas nec stabile fundamentum collocabunt Bastarde Slippes shal take no deepe rootes nor laye any fast foundation By these Phrases of speach we meane that wilfull and vnruly age which lacketh rypenes and discretion and as wee saye hath not sowed all theyr wyeld Oates but as yet remayne withoute eyther forcast or consideration of any thinge that may afterward turne them to benefite playe the wanton yonkers and wilfull Careawayes Seyng therfore that Adolescencie and youthful age consisteth in a constitucion of Hoat and moyst is fuller of bloud then anye other it is to this place therefore namely and specially to be referred Neither can any plighte or Complexion of the body more aptly be applyed vnto it then this for all the qualityes fashions and marks of this Age and State agree thereunto Which thing I see was well obserued by Horace in his description of the Nature inclination of youthful Age where he sayth A youthfull beardlesse Strypling voyde and free from Tutours checke VVith Horse and Hound doth raunge the fields and braue himselfe doth decke To vyce he pliant is as vvaxe to them that vvishe him vvell And vvarne him for his ovvne auayle rough churlish sharpe and fell A slender Husband for himselfe a vvaster of his gold High mynded rashe presumptuous in loue soone hoat soone cold And if they happen to lyncke themselues in companye wyth anye lewde Counsellours as in this slypperie and daungerous age commonlye is seene theyr fickle heades flingbrayned wits be easelye allured and drawen into follye and to pursue that waye which is worste For beynge now in theyr most wilfull age and standing vppon the most doubtful and daungerous poynt of al betweene vertue and vyce lacking experience and voyde of all good aduyse and counsel misse-led by the peeuish allurements of theyr associats they runne for the most part headlong vnto that which they see the common multitude embrace are readye to slyde into that trade of lyfe which of all other is worst and most pernicious Greene heades in greatest daunger are in doubtfull choyse they stand And hange in Ballaunce of deuyse vvhat trade to take in hand But if in lieu of these they harken and geeue good care to the holsome admonitions of some faythfull and vertuous Tutour and by his prescription frame the order of theyr lyfe and conuersation in theyr tender yeares for in this Age is Stuffe matter and towardnes both good and excellent if good education do polishe and a skilfull workeman haue it in handling no doubt they are to be broughte to much goodnesse For such is the force and power of bloud in mans body specially when throughe accesse of age it groweth to heate and dailye more more encreaseth in vitall spyrite that it causeth a promptnes of mynde quicknesse in deuyse and sharpenesse in practyze which by dailye vse exercyse atteyneth in th end to wysedome knowledge and experience of many things And thus by the benefite of nature and good bringinge vp it is broughte to passe that they be garnished wyth many excellent giftes of the mynde and throughe a readye vtteraunce in the discourse of matters bee to theyr Countrey a greate staye and ornament And althoughe hoate and drye natured men which are the Cholerique be right well furnished and skilfull in perfecte vtteraunce vehemence of speach and readynesse of tongue yet is there not in them such waighte of woordes and pythynesse of Sentences neyther can they so well rule their owne affections because in theyr reasonynges and discourses they be very earnest and hastye And this in such persons is not onelye by the pronunciation of their woordes but also by their swyft gate and hastye pace easye to be perceyued This difference also is betweene them that the Cholerique are bitter taunters dry bobbers nyppinge gybers and skornefull mockers of others but the Sanguine nothinge giuen that waye meddle not at all wyth such dogge eloquence neyther vse to hit men ouer the thummes wyth any such figuratyue flowtes whereat manye men are commonlye as heynouslye offended and take the matter in as greate snuffe as they would to be Crowned wyth a Pyssebolle but they be pleasaunt and curteous natured meerye without scurrility and ciuill without fylthy rybauldrye behauinge themselues orderlye in all companyes cumbersome and odious to none but delightfull and welcome to all But if it happen that Bloude bee alayed or myngled with other Humours and by course of Age to become hoate as namely if it bee mixed with yelowe Choler wherewyth the Humours are stirred vp or to participate with anye other Humoure whatsoeuer It is seene that as the mixture is so the manners disposition delighte trade and inclination of man falleth oute accordinglye As thus suppose a Bodye câ—ieflye to consiste of these three Bloude Choler and Melancholye whereof two partes to be Bloude and the other thirde parte to bee Choler and Melancholye equallye proportioned Of these three thus mixed together proceedeth such a Complexion and bodelye habite as produceth sundry motions affections and inclinations of the minde and which doth inwardlye dispose fashion and frame their Natures and dispositions yea before they breake oute into woordes enhablinge them fitte and meete to discharge and execute the parte of anye personne that wee either of oure selues take in hande or which by nature and publicke function is to vs assigned First Nature frames vs apt and meete To euery kinde of chaunce Sometimes she helpes somtimes vvith ire our harts doth vvound and launce Sometimes vvith thoughte to throvv vs dovvne vvith griefe and dule amayne Then aftervvard the tongue declares the mynds deuyses playne And as we see Nature in producing hearbes and floures and paintyng them out in braue attyre and colours to shew forth a most excellente and inimitable workemaÌ„ship and right gallantly to sette the same out to the gazing view of ech greedie eye clad wyth many and the same most pleasurable differences of goodly verdure some lyghte and entermedled wyth whytishe some of a sadde or darke greene some watrishe blunkette gray grassie hoarie and Lecke coloured whereof euerye one hath theyr proper vertues peculier effectes So likewyse Bloud beinge myngled wyth humours of other quality conceyueth other force and other colour and yet nathelesse not quite bereft and depryued of a Bloudy of Sanguine colour insomuch that it pearceth into the very innermost corners of the mynde incensing to sundry actions And althoughe the Planetts and Starres stretch oute theyr influence and extend theyr force mightely vppon these lower bodyes yet is it the Humours and Elemental qualityes which doe constitute the
when hee is cleane wyped from all his wealthe and bodelye strength hee mourne and wyth syghes bewayle his former wylfulnes and the decaye of his forspent and wearish body Therefore to escape cleare withoute takings any harme by immoderatly vsing this venerous acte so much space of time by Galene his prescription oughte to bee vsed betweene that neyther anye resolution bee thereby perceyued and felt neither lassitude And agayne that a man maye feele himselfe lighter and lustyer and hauing disourdened and disbalassed himselfe of his prouocatiue supersluous Sperme to fetch his breath the better Also a conuenient and fitte time ought to bee taken to witte when the bodye is meanelye constituted neyther too full nor too emptie of which matter elsewhere wee are to speake more at large But if anye Sanguine complexioned person the better to serue God be delighted in leading a single and vnmaryed lyfe by profession of chastytie him do I counsayle and aduyse very cyrcumspectlye and precysely to consider his owne state disposition and nature whether he be well able to qualefy and kepe vnder this disordered vnruly affection or no. For in such a waightye case a man must cyrcumspectly looke about him and very aduysedly forsee that hee do not inconsyderately tye himselfe to any profession wythout iudgemeÌ„t choyse and discretion least his foolish rashnes brynge him afterwards to repentaunce when he shall feele himselfe surcharged and vnhable to weild the burdeÌ„ which he hath takeÌ„ vppon him to beare For the Sperme or Seede of Generation being a redounding excremente and superfluous Humour residue and remayninge of the last alimente and comminge from the vessells of y Testicles wher it is exactlye fourmed and throughly laboured is employed to begette yssue yea the natural power faculty is desyrous to haue this collection of Humour to be purged and by the euacuatinge thereof to be eased of a troublesome and intollerable caryage euen as the other partes of the body for theyr partes desyre to bee disburdened of theyr superfluous excremeÌ„ts to wit vryne ordure spettle sweat sneuel spattling and Phlegme Right good and holesome therefore haue Ieuer deemed that worthy admonition and Counsell of CHRIST in the Gospel and of the Apostle lykewyse that they which can comprehend this matter and are able to perfourme and kepe it should remayne chast and ioyfully embrace the same as a heaueÌ„ly gyft assuryng themselues that Gods Diuine assistaunce in so godlye a purpose will not fayle them wythout which all that man purposeth or taketh in hand is frustrate vayne as besyde S. Paule the wyse Kyng Salomon witnesseth For it is not to bee doubted but a man may subdue and vanquish this slyppery affectioÌ„ althoughe verye hardly and by lyuing a continent lyfe maye perfourme his determinate resolution and vow so it be done and taken in hande onely vppon zeale and deuotion the better thereby to entend Gods seruice and geeue himselfe to heauenly conteÌ„placions For they that be wrapped in many cares and shakiÌ„g away from them all slouth and ydlenesse do mortifie themselues spend their time in watchinge hunger sparefeeding earnest study fasting and prayer continuall meditation of holy Scripture and painful preaching night and day wherby this kinde of Deuils is cast out they I say feele not themselues greatly moued in desyre to this thing For why these that I meane do willinglye voluntarily not forcibly superstitiouslye betake themselues to this kinde of life the better thereby to applye theyr euangelical function and more freely to intende the sacred study of Diuinity Of a colde and moyst Complexion which setteth out and declareth the condition state and nature of persons Phlegmaticke The iij. Chapter NExt after the Hoate moyst Constitution order requyreth to describe and set oute the Cold moyst Temperature wherein reigneth aboundeth Phlegme whereof after bloude no small porcion is diffused into euery part of the body And this Humour draweth somewhat neere to the nature of Bloude and is in affinitye with it both in respecte of essence and society of their conceptoryes For it is as it were a certayne Bloud vnconcoct or a rudimente and first beginning of Bloud yet vnperfect not exactly laboured a reseÌ„blaunce shew or paterne whereof we may well behold in Muste or new Wyne whyle it is yet hoate and newly taken wringed out of the Presse For as Galene righte learnedly noteth the subtyle and ayrte part of the Wyne which is the some or spurging therof boyleth vp to the toppe and vnderneath is an vnsauery Humour in relyce like to the nature of sweetishe water which being excocte settled cleansed and fyned from the dregges obteyneth and is broughte to the nature of pure and good Wyne And albeit Phlegme be whytishe and haue no rednesse in it at all yet being excoct and the coldnes thereof taken away and subdued by the force and efficacie of heate it is reduced and broughte into a ruddie fresh coloured licour And eueÌ„ as naturall Phlegme which participateth with a certaine sweetenes is through heate conuerted and wrought into Bloud and redde colour so likewyse Bloud in the Dugges or Teates partly of the nature of the place where it resteth and partly of the heate of the heart neere vnto whom the Pappes are placed is broughte and turned into Mylke whyte and gaye coloured For this cause some as superstitious Phylosophicall as Pythagoras abstayned not onely from eating of flesh but also from Egges and Mylk because they reckened and accompted the same no other then liquide flesh because the onâ— being a certaine space couered and kepte warme by the naturall heate of the Henne sitting thereuppon wil wythin fewe dayes bring forth a Chicken the other if the colour were chaunged they accompted euen very bloud But this seemeth to many a thing very strauÌ„g and prodigious that yonge Children newlye borne yea of the Male kinde haue Mylke in the Nypples of theyr Dugges runninge out eyther of it owne accord or easely with the fingers 〈◊〉 sed pressed out which thing I my selfe vpon a certaine time fynding by experience tryall true aduysed the partyes at certayne times to 〈◊〉 and force it out least otherwyse it should clotter congele and curd together into an hard substaÌ„ce For this Mylkie licour in children is engendred of the great and abundaunte alimente which at those â—ssues nypples and spoutes by nature of the place and helpe of the Heart which is the founteyne and Welspryng of heate is conuerted into Mylke Now the Mammiles or dugges which be the Receptacles of Mylke beinge spongie and hollow and the glandulous or kernellie flesh wythin them bloudlesse and whyte do transmute and alter that bloud which they receyue into Mylke for euery part of the body altereth and chaungeth his nourishment makynge it in colour similare lyke and familiar to it selfe And thus the generatioÌ„ of Mylk Sperme is made of bloud
it is right excellent coÌ„fortable now then to smell to such things as yelde a sweete odoriferous sauour namely such as be of nature pearsing calefactiue as LignuÌ„ Aloes Clofegelofres Rosemary flowers Basil Nigella Ambregryce Syuet redde Roses Hony suckle flowers FreÌ„ch spyknard and many other y yelde forth a stronge smel but the seme right pleasaunt comfortable delightfull All these refresh the Spirits wyth their soote sauours wonderfullye comforte the Brayne If a man or woman seeme to outward iudgment in a maner past recouery and be broughte to extreeme obliuion as they be that haue y disease called Lethargus or the drowsye euill it shal be right good for them to annoynt the outsyde of their Nucha and nape of their necks wyth the Oyle of Castor Nigella Euphorbe Costus Rocket and inwardly to take a litle of the confection of Anacardus or els therewyth to rubbe the tongue For is dissolueth Phlegme that is extremelye colde moyst and viscous Insomuch that it restoreth speach to them that be striken wyth the Apoplexie and recureth the staggeringe and stayinge of the tongue bringinge it againe to his righte vse Which thinge maye also be done and broughte to passe wyth Oximel Scillit and Aqua vite wherein a fewe graynes of Rocket haue beene stieped Vnto these helpes in daungerous and desperate discrasies when nothing else will helpe we flee for refuge and succour but in distemperauÌ„ces and grieues that be myelder and not of such extremity others now rehearsed may serue as Syrupe de Stichade Dia Anthos dulcis Aurâ—a Alexandrina Dia castorium Pliris cum Musco Triacle and Mythridatum By experience and daily proofe it is founde true that Agalochus commonly called Lignum Aloes being eyther vsed in perfume or smelled vnto with the Nose hath a marueylous vertue to corroborate the Brayne refresh the Senses insomuch that beinge stamped puluerized and myngled wyth some Cloues and the boane of a Rauens harte and then all mixed with Oyle of Nigella hath such souereigne vertue in strengthening comfortinge y Braine that if the head of a Cocke be therewith annoynted he wil crowe continually without any ceassing ¶ Of the state and disposition of a hoate and dry body with a Discourse of the nature condition maners and inclination of a Cholericke person The v. Chapter FOrsomuch as among the outward things of Nature there is nothing of any longe continuaunce and stability neither that long keepeth it selfe at any certayne state and vigour but all subiect to decay alteration and case worse and worse truly the state of mankinde doth specially and more then anye other suffer sundry alterations and is subiecte to great chaunge and mutability Thus is a Hoate and Moyst Complexion in processe and tract of time brought into a state Hoat and Drye For Heate by litle and litle both slyly and closely wast and consume naturall Humour and bringeth all the body into drynesse which quality for prolongation and lengtheninge of lyfe is the greatest ennemy that can bee For as the flame in a Torche or Taper feedeth vpon the combustible matter thereof and is therewith nourished which being all wasted and consumed the same flame also quencheth and no longer burneth so likewyse natiue heate by little and little weareth away and diminisheth the iuyce moysture wherewith it is nourished and finally bringeth the cause of destruction both to it self and to the whole body beside Nowe that constitution of body which consisteth of a hoate and dry qualitye and thereof hath his name hauinge warme Humour throughe these qualities encreased maketh and constituteth a Cholericke man by reason of the greate stoare of Choler which is in him of which Humour there be two sortes and differences the one natural the other besyde nature Natural Choler is the excrement of bloud concoct bitter in sauour and in colour and effect fyerie When the heate of the Lyuer is moderate then is it yealow and shyninge but when this viscositye is ouermuch enkindled then doth Choler also boyle with heate and is of colour darcke Yelowish like vnto Pruse Bier called in Dutche Iopen Bier or like vnto Oyle or melted Butter when it is burned and with much frying becommeth blackishe of colour whereby it commeth to passe that the colour before Yelowe chaungeth and is turned into a sadde blacke which sometime apparauntly vttereth and sheweth it selfe in the vtter parte of the skinne whensoeuer this Cholerique Humour diffuseth and disperseth it selfe into the same skinne Choler hath in the body two offices for parte of it being mixed wyth the bloud passeth into the Veynes to make the same more conuenientlye to penetrate into euery one of the narow passages to bee conueighed to such members as requyre haue neede of the nourishment of Choler The other part is sente to the bladder of the Gall annexed and tyed to the nether ende of the Lyuer wherein the wonderfull prouidence of Gods Almighty handyworke wel appeareth in y he hath appointed the same Entraile whereunto he hath geeuen an admyrable vertue to attract and helpe digestion to be also a receyuer and Receptorye of superfluous and vnprofitable Humour to th entent no harme or inconuenience should thereby in any wise happen to the other members For Choler is of that nature y yeldeth out a fiery force whose motion as it were a fier brande stirreth vp and inceÌ„seth our minds to hasty moodes and furious rages And for this cause Angre is defined to be a heate and certaine boylinge of the Bloud aboute the Heart wherewith the Braine also beinge excyted by Choler is set in a heate and testines desyrous of reueng whensoeuer any iniury is offered And to the lower parts prouoke and irrite the Guttes and Bowelles to auoyde superfluous excrementes For which purpose Natures prouidence hath deuised and framed sundry passages needeful for y purginge conueighaunce and euacuation of all such superfluous Humours to witte the Kidneyes and the Vryne Pypes the empty or fasting Gutte called Intestinum Ieiunum which through the sowrenes of Choler flowinge into it continuallye dryueth out the Excrements the Bladder Eares and Pores appointed for the auoydaunce and expulsion of sweate And in the most parte of these if obstructions shoulde happen all the whole fylthy masse of noysome Humour is thereby kept within the body and then geeueth violente assaulte to some of the principall partes So when the bagge or Bladder of the Gall or Receptacle of Choler is not able to exonerate it selfe of that baggage drosse and superfluity which it drewe from the Lyuer it emptyeth and casteth it eyther into the Uentricle or els into the holownesse of the Lyuer And thus it commeth to passe that Choler being diffused and spred ouer all the body imperteth both his qualitye and colour to the Bloud Hereof commeth the Iaundice named Morbus Regius for y it requyreth a moste exquisite dict and Princelike fare which
slaked into Ashes So likewyse in the body of mankinde Choler is first of saffrō colour then as heat encreaseth Leekishe somewhat contrary to nature next Brassie or rustie last of al blewish or skie colour like vnto Wadde an Herbe that Fullers and Dyers vse in colouring and dying their clothes which last of all is tourned into perfect black Choler or Melācholy All these sortes of Choler endued wyth virulent and poysonous qualityes infecte the mynde wyth lewde conditions and the body wyth loathsome diseases whereof many be of such malignaunt nature that hardly wil be cured as eating Cankers corrodinge vlcers runninge pockes loathsome tettars or ryngwormes in the face Morphew the Carbuncle wyeld fier or S. Antonies fier Herpes the eating deuouring Vlcer called Estiomenus and of Courtiers who commonly more then others are thereto subiect named the Wolfe for it exulcerateth the skinne and eateth the fleshe to the very boanes rottinge and putrefyinge the same depryuing the member of lyfe and from feeling of any paine besyde many other loathsome and cōtagious diseases proceeding and sprynging out of the common syncke and concurrencye of these Humours in somuch that a man in this case caryeth about wyth hym nothing els but a stinkinge rotten and corrupte Carkasse And loathsom lymms replete vvith mattry fylth ¶ Of a colde and drye Complexion wherein the Nature and condition of a Melancholique person because hee is of this temperature subiect to Choler is at large declared wyth remedies how to qualefie and subdue the same fullye decyphered The vi Chapter THose bodyes of all others are in worst case habite which consiste and be constituted of the combination and composition of Cold and Dry. For considering that the mayntenaunce and conseruation of lyfe consisteth in Hoat and Moyste who is he that can rightlye commende or allowe that quality and constitutiō of body which weareth away wasteth these fomentations or cheerishmentes of lyfe beyng the chiefe onely 〈◊〉 of health and welfare For we see in the whole course of Nature and in all thinges within the vniuersall Worlde Plantes Herbes all Creatuers endued wyth life Men and all that lyue by breath when they be once depryued or lacke heat and moysture quickly to decay growe vnto destruction For none other thing is Death neyther can anye fitter definition be deuysed for it then to saye that it is an abolishment and destruction of lyfe Nature spirable an extinctiō of the first qualities wherof the Humours haue their being and mayntenaunce Whensoeuer therfore a man arryueth is broughte into these qualityes either by Sicknesse Nature or by Age and course of yeares let him make his ful reckning that Death is not farre of For as touching vncertayne haps and sodaine casualties which euery minute of an houre hauge ouer all our heades generallye I thincke not meete hytherto to be referred nor in this place to be reckened for y they happē violētly and agaynst Nature making an ende of lyfe sooner then by course of nature else should bee Which happes and chaunces as they ought not to terrifye and dismaye any man eyther iourneying or Seafaring forasmuch as euery Christiā oughte to commende and referre the successe and euent of his whole affayres and busynes into the hands of God his Diuine prouidēce pleasure and vnto him onelye wyth firme Fayth to leane So also in this plight and disposition of bodye threatned with death and extreeme dissolution there is no cause why a mā should quayle in courage or retchelessely by all conuenient meanes he may neglect to tender and cheerish his body but so longe as anye sparke of lyfe lasteth neuer to ceasse to vse all such helpes and foments as may serue to the prolongation of his dayes For God of his bounteous liberality hath gratiously geeuen and appoynted manye thinges whereby the same may well and fully be brought about For as fruictlesse trees by pruning and industrie are made fruictfull and as barrayne groūd wearyed with long tyllage wyth dunging and composting is agayne restoared to fertility so likewyse bodyes that bee drye are wyth nourishment fit for the restoration of Nature comforted and brought euen vnto the full appoynted prefixed terme that by Nature is limitted as it were into the Hauen that we longe wished Which hope of prolongation and lengtheninge of lyfe no man of reasonable and indifferente iudgement in consyderation of Humaine thinges can disalow so that euery man herein submitting his will mynde vnto his Maker and Creatour in whom all thinges haue their beinge and consistence referre his dealings and desyres vnto his godlye dispensation and appoyntment acknowledginge all things whatsoeuer they be to be gouerned directed by the decree of his omnipotente pleasure But because Melancholy is subiect vnto a cold and dry quality neither can anye plighte or state of body proceedinge hence be worse then it nor more incommodious to health therefore it seemeth needeful to make some further discourse of the condition nature effect strength and differences thereof and how greatlye it affecteth both the body and the mynde of man. For all mē for the most part at the beginning of the Sprynge and Downefall of the Leafe at which season of the yeare this Humour doth most ryfely abound are subiect to Melācholicke affectiōs namely those that be Magistrates and Officers in the Commonwealth or Studentes which at vnseasonable times sit at their Bookes Studies For through ouermuch agitatiō of the mynd natural heat is extinguished the Spyrits aswell Animall as Vitall attenuated and vanish away whereby it cōmeth to passe that after their vitall iuyce is exhausted they fall into a Colde Drye constitution And of this Melancholike Humour there be two differences the one Naturall the other beside Nature That Melancholie which is naturall and familiar to a man is mylder and lesse hurtfull then the other For being caryed and conueyghed into the Veynes together wyth the Bloud it nourisheth the members that be of lyke Nature and cōdition to it selfe vnto them mynistreth nourishmente as the Boanes Grystles Ligaments and Synewes For this Humour is not vnlike vnto Beasts feete when they be soddē and brought into a Iellie which in eatinge cleaue to the fyngers and lyppes as tough as Brydlyme whereby it causeth Bloud to haue a good power retentyue and to be thicker because when it is ioyned with perfect Bloud and wyth the sweetenes thereof tempered and alayed as a sower grape with Hony or Sugar it thereuppon becommeth in tast and relyce not altogether sower or bitter as those thinges that exasperate the Iawes and Palate but somewhat tart and sowrysh and as it is commōly tearmed Ponticke such a relyce I meane as is in a grape out of which new Must is pressed being not as yet come to his perfect rypenes and maturytie such as in the latter ende of Autumne is brought out of Germany and Fraūce
is therefore blacke of coloure when it is not much aduste burned enflamed like vnto Walworte or Elder berryes Pryuet Peonie beries or the Kernelles of blacke Cheryes and blacke Grapes the iuyce whereof dyeth and coloureth a mans hands wyth a blacke or bloudy colour And if it happen to bee enflamed and set in extreme heate then is it of coloure entermingled with a purple shyning lyke glowyng hoat Gold newly burnt in the fyer If it be immoderatelye and toomuch enflamed it bringeth the mynde into furious fitts phrenticke rages and brainsicke madnesse Contrarylye when all thinges consiste wythin mediocritye it causeth and bringeth forth sharpnesse of witte excellency of learning subtility of inuentiō eloquence of tongue right skilful vtteraunce with knowledge howe to speake The last kinde of Melancholy is engendred of the adustion o◠Phlegme Forasmuch therfore as there be so many sorts of Melācholie and because Melancholique persons be of so sundry cōditions maners natures inclinatiōs bodely proportions complexiōs colours therfore euery one must be founde out and knowen by the proper markes and tokens peculiar incident and appertayning to them For they that be broughte into this case and habite by Choler or bloud adust haue bigge swolne veynes for they swell wyth wyndynes their bodyes tawnie coloured and very rough withall thicke hatred and bushie by reason of thabundaunce of heate swelling and bigge lippes by reason of the concourse of Humour and flatuous spyrite into the higher parts wheruppon it also happeneth that their eyes sometime be eminent and bearing out Againe sometime whē Humours decrease hollow and standyng inwarde sometime swyft mouing and twynckling sometimes staying vnmoueable and not at all quiuering the tōgue which is interpreter of all secreets of the mynde somewhile quicke and ready somewhile stammering foltering vnable to delyuer out a playne word which distemperaunce and affecte may many tymes happen by occasion of the time of the yeare Age Countrey weather foggie and dimme or fayre and cleare and finallye by the quality of meate and drincke and hereuppon maye it be endūed with some cold Humour This Humour is manyfolde and of sundrye sorts wonderfullye framinge in the bodyes and mynds of men diuers dispositions and in them constituting sundry habites maners and conditions For it may after a sort be resembled vnto Yron Seacoales or Charcoales which beinge flered appeare glowing hoate shyning lyke burnished Golde and burninge the members of the touchers but being quenched they looke blacke cankered rustie Euen so Melancholie albeit it be cold and drye and in colour drawinge somewhat vnto blacknes yet reteyneth it some heat of the faculty and nature of that frō whēce it came that is to saye Choler or Bloud For so the Dregges or mother of Oyle the feees or vineger of Wyne Embers and Coales retayne and haue a certaine smacke or nature of the Brandes whē they smoaked and were on fler Therefore Melancholie is not altogether without heate but reteyneth some deale of that quality in it For although it be a long while ere it wyll be enflamed and throughly heated like Yron which must both be mollifyed and tempered wyth force of moste ardent bituminous coales also with the helpe of blowing Bellowes for the making of the same malleable apt to the Forge Anuile yet beyng once throughly heated hath such an excessiue glowing ardentnes y there cānot be any thinge more adustiue And hereupon in a maner all at one instāt without any time betwixt do we see them sodeinly chaūged frō laughter myrth into sorrow pēstuenes For whē this Humor is once heated because frō it proceede come bright syncere Spirits these Melancholike persons are exceedingly set vpō their mercy pin past al godsforbod iocund pleasurably geeuen to singing daūcing skippīg spōrting cōtrary to their accustomed to eueryone curteous affable liberal and frendly yea altogether pleasauntlye disposed and not squemish to offer a kind kisse embracemēt vnto any lusty wench and nothing then so much desyring as mariage therby to enioy the hoped fruict of Children and to haue their name in remembraunce to posterity very earnestlye bewaylinge their losse of former time repenting that they had not long agone tyed themselues to the World maryed But when this great heat is cold and the earnest panges of this newfāgled mynde settled whē their Bloude waxeth cold their spyrites at reste they go backe from all former resolutions and are ready to vnsaye al that euer they sayde before They condemne and deteste yesterdayes deedes and are much ashamed of their owne ouerslight and foolishnes Whensoeuer therefore Melancholie groweth into much coldnes it taketh away from a man his sharpenes of witte and vnderstandinge his assured hope and confidence and all his manlye strength and courage so that he hardly eyther attempteth or archieueth any matter of excellency worthynes for such be doltish dull slow and lūpishe vnapt to atteyne learne and conceyue anye good disciplines or commendable Arts and this happeneth in that kinde of Melācholie which is mixed wyth greate stoare of colde and toughe Phlegme Whereby it commeth to passe that such kinde of men lyke Asses or other brute beastes be blockish vnapt dull and forgetfull But they whose Melancholie is wyth moderate heat qualefyed and with Bloud other syncere Humors humected alayed haue excellēte good witts and sharpe iudgements and seeme to doe many thinges so notablye as thoughe they were furthered and inspyred by some Diuine instincte or motion And for this cause doth Aristotle not vnaptly lyken compare this Humour vnto Wyne For as Wyne produceth and causeth sundry the same verye ridiculous fashions according to the seuerall nature of euery man and according to the effect and operation of the Wyne it selfe for one force and effecte hath Spanishe wyne an other French an other Maluesye an other Corsycke and an other Rhenish so Melancholie causeth diuers maners and sundry constitutions And hereuppō in the Dutch phrase of speach there are reckened vp certaine conditions and delightes of Drunken men Some beinge cupshot are contentious brawling Some stil and neuer a woorde but mumme Some verye babblatiue and keeping a foule coyle some weeping howling and heauy couraged Yea some of this beastly Crew we see to be threatners cruel bitter fierce spightful arrogant selfwilled vain-glorious proude wanton lasciuious toying full of foolishe gesture vnquiet vnstable geeuen to carnall Luste and loues desire but as Iuuenall sayth VVhich haue great lust to Venus game Yet in the Act vveake faint and lame For drunkards and Melancholike persons are very lecherous and desyrous of womens cōpanye by reason that theyr genitall members swell and be wyth inflations distended but all their courage is streightwayes layed and al venerous lustynesse soone quayled insomuch that their wyues manye tymes be defeacted of theyr hope and thincke themselues wyth childe
theyr lustyest time which haue no care no orderly respect nor choise in preseruation and maintenaunce of theyr bodely health To this very ende and effecte is that holesome admonition of the wyseman Take heede to thy selfe least thou die before thy time By which sayinge hee warneth euery one so to order and dispose his lyfe that throughe riot and vntemperate dealing he hasten not his death before his time and before he haue in a maner ruÌ„ne halfe his race Now let euery man coÌ„sider with himself how myserable and how wearysome also it is to haue a bodye neuer in health but altogether martyred with sicknes and soares reason beinge mastered banished and oppressed to haue the mind defiled and vtterly wyth inward vices polluted Howe can lyfe I say be vnto such a man pleasaunte or sweete or howe can the minde bee quiet and well stayed Forsomuch therefore as nothing is better then health let euery man diligently looke to the same and marke how much he hath swarued and strayed from moderate order and temperature This consideration wyth himselfe shall worke in him much good effecte and stand him in greate steede that in case his bodye be lustie and healthfull hee maye in the same state stil continue and cheerish it wyth helpes and preseruations thereto conuenient But if it be falleÌ„ into worse plight and not in so good case of soundnes as before it was then to seeke wayes and meanes how to recure bring it againe to his former state of healthines For as humours are easely chaunged one into another and suffer mutuall transmutacion throughe moderate exercise and such conuenient meats and nourishmeÌ„ts as to natural heat are cherishable So agayne the ill distempered state of bodye throughe holesome diet and order is made lustier and refourmed into better And euen as wee see members fractured burste wrenched and dislocated to be brought into theyr right places agayne so may health beinge empayred bee restored and reduced into his former integritie For the mindes and bodyes of men be in a maner as it were yong Sproutes trees which being artificially handled and cunninglye dealt wythall yea although afore wield and vnfruitfull yet as Virgill sayth If they be graft a nevve and put in other chaunged soyle From nature vvilde vvhich earst they had They quight and cleane recoyle And yeld such fruite as best you lyke by force of handy toyle Contrarywyse if the husbande be negligent carelesse his grounde becommeth barrayne rugged ouergrowen wyth wredes and disabled froÌ„ bearinge any grayne that is good or profitable The like reason is to be yelded of the mindes of men For there be many excellent witts and very towardly natures which by vnthrifty company and lewd education do degenerate from their good inclination of nature and become altogether rebellious wilfull lewde and barbarous Some againe whose nature is proue and inclinable to euill yet by helpe of learninge and good education are reclaymed and wonne from theyr froward disposition become worthy members stayes ornamentes in theyr Country And therefore no man is to thincke or perswade himselfe that an ill nature may not be altered sitheÌ„ce rude wittes not yet trayned to any discipline and learning may like soft waxe or as tractable and moyst claye be fashioned framed and made applyable to learne any knowledge and vertue any ciuilitye and by artificiall instruction bee trayned to conceyue Artes and behauiour both comely and commendable Thus likewyse in graffinge and planting which is as wittie a deuise as proper a feate as any we see wild trees to chaunge their olde nature and to beare fruite both holsome and toothsome Amonge wyeld Beastes also we see how the dilligence forecast wit and pollicie of man maketh them tame seruiceable An example hereof maye wee see in Mago a worthy Duke amonge the CarthaginiaÌ„s who as Plinie sayth was the first among them that durste wyth his hande stroake and handle a tamed Lion for which Acte his Countreyfolks attaynted him as one whom they thought not amisse to restrayne from liberty and debarre from authority for that his wysedom and wyse dealings seemed so excellent that they iudged him a man able to perswade any thing that him listed who had thus straungely trayned and tamed a wylde Lion. But that persons of Melancholique nature or of any other constitution whatsoeuer so that the distemperature haue not beene of to long coÌ„tinuaunce and the party to farre striken in age may be altered and brought to a better state there is no maÌ„ that needeth to doubt For who doth not plainly see that strong and very hoate wyne wyth cold water or other milder licour is may be alayed Semblably againe wyne that is smal myngled and of watry relice yet beinge put to other licour that is stronger and of a better grape is quickened and made both better and sharper And so humours in a man being eyther of themselues euil or meeting wyth others of other quality are through theyr coÌ„mixtion therewith qualifyed and waxe milder and leauinge theyr owne naturall qualitie are altered into an other of straunger nature effect and operation Thus is the heate of Choler by accesse and myxture of bloude phlegme mitigated Thus is phlegme by admixtion of yelow Choler heated and much â—bated from his owne colde and moyste quality becomming therby lesse hurtful to the body And in like sort may we conclude of all the rest Such nourishments and meates as engender good bloude iuyce are hereunto very auayleable out of which the humours spyrits which be the incensours and stirrers forwarde of the minde obtayne and receyue theyr nature Now there is nothinge more effectuall to make good perfecte digestion and to stirre vp the Spirites then sleepe exercise and wyne so the same be pure good and moderatelye vsed as the other also must bee For so doth it stirre vp make syncere liuely and cleare Spirites from whence proceedeth cheerefulnes ioy quicknes and myrth of the minde For the meates nourishments which by nature are laboured into humours being eaten and washed downe wyth good and holsome wyne haue freer passage into all the parts of the body and distribute theyr nourishment into them more effectually There is nothing therefore that so much banisheth phaÌ„syes sorrow out of a mans minde as pleasaunt merye companye and moderate vse of wyne And of this did that precise and sterne natured Zeno giue a notable example whose minde was so muche estraunged from all pleasaunte conceites ordinarye curtesies of coÌ„mon humanitye that hee was neuer at all moued wyth any affections no not such as be naturallye incidente and engraffed in euery man And yet when he was a litle whittled wyth wyne he began to chaunge his copye and to be as mery and as bone a companion as who was best And beinge on a time asked by one of his merye mates how it happened that he
being otherwyse so wōderfully seuere and crabbed yet at the wyne was so pleasaunt and conceiptuous hee merelye aunswered that he was like to a kinde of Pulse called Lupines Which kinde of Pulse although they be naturally bitter and by their bitternes of force to kill wormes yet the same being steeped soaked in water renounce and leaue all bitternes and become both sweete pleasaunt And this is naturally giuen to all men that when the body is refreshed wyth meate and drinck al bitternes sorrow and heauines is expelled and banished For the Spirites by moderate drinking of wyne are styrred vppe and the mind of man which in them that be fasting and hungry is faynt weake and like vnto fier raked ouer wyth ashes almost quenched is reuyued And this is the cause why a dead body is heauier thē a lyuing because all his Spirites are vanished and departed out of him and so likewyse is a fasting persō heauier then one that hath filled his belly and one that slepeth waightier then one that watcheth And therfore my fashion is to aduise and counsell Melācholique folkes and sullen natured personnes to vse banquetting and good cheere amonge honest and mery cōpany For thus after Plato wryteth the Poet. Euen olde Dan Catoes stomacke oft By vvyne vvas made to come aloft Which man although churlish sterne frowning yet did wyne so much driue away his naturall seueritye and grimme countenaunce that amonge the other guestes he became a pleasaunte companion and of manners very gentle and familiar For this worthy Gentleman although otherwise he was a very precise comptroller and of Stoicall grauity perceyued wel ynough that mās nature required som relaxatiōs delights and that it may not lōg cōtinue wythout som myrth pleasaunt recreation Let therefore euery man take surueigh of himself and serch out what his nature most desitreth in what state his body stādeth what thinge it is that he feeleth himselfe to be holpen and what to be offended wythall And if he finde the plighte and state of his bodye to be in equability and perfect temperatenes it shal be good to cheerishe and preserue it wyth his like but if it shrinck from his sayd temperate habite and decline to an intēperatenes then had it neede to be holpen and recured wyth his contraryes Thus if a man throughe aboundance of humours and stoare of bloude and Spirites feele himselfe prone to carnalitie and fleshlye luste let him by altering his order diet enioyne to himselfe a more strict ordinary frame his dealings to a more stayed moderation But if hee feele himselfe to bee of nature somewhat sulleyne and sterne giuē somwhat to be wayward whyning testye churlishe and intractable then reason wylleth suche a one to bee reclaymed to an order and trade of life gentler and pleasaunter insomuch it shall not be ill for such a one to frequent daūcing singing womens flatteryes alluremēts and embracings prouided alwayes that all the same be not otherwyse done nor ment but in honestye and comelines wythin a reasonable measure also within the bounds of lawfull wedlock For the state of Matrimony as Columella aduoucheth out of Xenophōs booke of Household is in such sorte appoynted by nature that in it is conteyned not onely the pleasaūtest but also the profitablest societye of life And least mankinde in processe of tyme should come to an vtter ruine and decay it pleased God by this lawfull meanes to ioyne man and woman together that of theyr inseperable combinacion the state of man should might by mutual helpe one of an other be eased and cōforted and that beside the loue and desire that they haue to bring furth children they mighte be tyed and bound together equally and indifferentlye to participate all fortune whatsoeuer shoulde betyde But for so much as approued and skilfull mē that haue written bookes for the mayntenaunce of mens health generally doe specially set downe these three principall thinges To eate moderately and leaue somevvhat vvith an appetite To vse conuenient exercise And to liue continently vvithout vvastinge seede of generation I take it to be the best waye to reduce the whole substaunce of the matter mayntenaūce of health to this prescribed rule and direction For seing that measurable repaste and feeding all surphet and glotony being banished maketh a sound body seing I say exercise by shaking of all drow tsinesse and slouth maketh the bodye stronge and liuely then no more but harkē what a short lessō Virgill giueth for the other No better vvaye the strength of minde And povvers thereof still to maintaine Then Venus play and Loue so blinde To shunne and vvarely to refrayne ¶ Of the nature and differences of Spirits what they worke in mans body and what affections they cause The second Chapter FOrasmuche as the Spirite is the originall maintener and conueigher of naturall heate whereunto moysture necessarilye adhereth that the Soule by the mynisterye and ayde thereof perfourmeth her powers and faculties and atchieueth all her actions it is requisite here next to discourse vpon it and vppon all the differences thereof For seinge there be three especiall thinges in whose temperature and moderation the health of mans body doth prīcipally cōsist vz. vitall moysture naturall heate Spirite which combineth all thinges and imparteth his force vertue nature vnto them our present purpose being considered we cannot by order choose but of necessity must presētly somwhat speake therof Vitall moysture is the nourishmente and matter of naturall heate whereupon it woorketh and by the benefite therof is maintayned and preserued With this Humour or vitall moysture is naturall heate fed and cheerished and from the same receyueth continuall mayntenaunce and from it participateth vitall power whereby all Creatures do liue are nourished encreased preserued procreated Spirite is the seate and caryer of Heate by whose helpe and mynisterye it is conueyed and sente by the conduites and passages of the Arteryes to euery seuerall part of the bodye Wherefore worthyly is this Spirite thought to be the chiefe and principal Instrument that procureth and executeth euery action These three do vnseperably cleaue together mutuallye helpe one an other and cannot be sundered wythout present death of the party and for this cause do wee thus in one definition expresse conclude and comprehend theyr force and nature wythin one definition Naturall heat is nothīg els but an originall humour wyth vitall spirite and heate totally moystened But forasmuch as Spirite conteyneth vitall heate and is of all the faculties ruler and directer spredeth it self most swiftly throughoute the whole body caryeth and extendeth his powers into euery part thereof vniuersally besyde this doth manifestly chaūge and alter the state both of body and minde therefore as the rest require great labour and diligēce vpon them to be bestowed so specially vpon this is the chiefest care to be takē to restore mayntein
and cheerish it For if it be sincere and pure not mingled wyth anye straunge or forrayne quality it causeth tranquillity of minde frameth maners in good order fashiō and finally qualifyeth and calmeth all affections The minde of man to honestie it frames And vvith the loue of vertuous life enflames But if it be any whitte infected or wyth anye vyce soyled then is the quietnes of the minde disturbed and stirred to manye inconuenient enormities For as great blustering wynds vppon the Sea and Lande cause greeuous terrible and raginge tempestes and much other harme to ensue So likewyse if the Spirites be disquieted oute of frame they ingender and procure diuers sortes of affections in the minde carye the same mauger all reason like a shippe wythout guide and Rother vppon the rockes of sondry inconueniences Now the thinges wherewyth our inwarde Spirites are moste dulled quenched and damnifyed are these fulsome Ayre ouermuich carnal copulation vnseasonable watching excessiue heate chafing and labour longe fasting heauines of the minde and sadnesse Accordinge to that saying of the wyse man A mery hart maketh a lustie age but a sorovvfull Spirit dryeth vp the bones Heauinesse bringeth olde age before the times and carefulnes vveareth avvaye a mans dayes But quiet and seasonable sleepe good pure wel relished wyne meery company moderate exercise sweete sinelles and fragraunt sauours refreshe the Spirits quicken and reuiue them yea being dulled and greatly impayred Which is euident to be seene in such as falling into traūces and lying for a time as dead yet by the smell of sweete sauours are broughte againe and recouered into theyr former state For seinge that the Spirite is a certayne vapour effluence or expyratiō proceding out of the humours it standeth vs vppon to vse the moste exquiste diet that may be to th end that the meates and nourishmēts being laboured into good holesome iuyce may make the Spirits pure syncere and perfect And thus sweete ayre pleasaūt sentes deuoyd of grosse and fustie vapours strykinge vp into the brayne do marueylously comfort and clarifye the instruments of the Senses and enable them to do perfourme al theyr proper actions And although the Heart in a mā be as the Wel spring or fountaine from whom the Spirits are deriued because the Arteryes come from it euen as synewes from the Brayne and veynes from the Lyuer yet notwithstanding accordinge to the diuersitye and nature of the place they are called by other names and haue other powers appropriate vnto them Of these and al other faculties reigning in man the principall and oryginall beginning is at the very principles and beginninge of generation to witte generatiue seede and femynine bloude which be afterwarde conserued and maynteyned by nourishmentes euen as the flame is wyth oyle and out of these the Spirits proceede For the better vnderstāding of all which things I will particularly set downe the procreation of the Spirits wyth theyr nature power differēce and effectes beginninge first at the powers and faculties natural For by theyr office is it brought to passe that the meate we eate is concocted turned into the nourishmēt of the body Also ther be foure vertues whereby all lyuing Creatures wyth meate receyued are nourisshed encreased The first attractiue the secōd retentiue the third digestiue and the fourth expulsiue To wich vertues or powers appendant and belonging to all the parts of the body the first chiefe originall of the Spirites oughte to be referred For first assoone as the meate is mynced chawed wyth the teeth it descēdeth into the stomack beinge thither attracted then digested and made substantiall and turned to the proper nourishmēt and encrease of the member And such part or porcion thereof as serueth not to this vse it refuseth and reiecteth Here therefore the Spirite hath his first beginning And if nature be good stronge in this office of digestion it happeneth thereby that the Spirites be made pure cleare and syncere but if concoction bee hindred or any other distemperatnes happen thē is the meate altered and chaunged into vaporous belchinge stinking fumes and fulsome breathing which ascending vp out of the stomack disturbe and hurt the brayne and minde insomuche y such persons are easely quicklye prouoked to brawlinge chiding strife and dissention For when the Humours be not sufficiently and ynough concoted and attenuate vnpure Spirites proceede out of them enforcing a manifest alteration of the state aswell of the body as of the minde And therefore in anye wyse cruditie is to be auoyded because it maketh ill humours troubled Spirits aswell of meates of good iuyce as of those y are bad albeit the diseases engendred by want of concoction of meates hurtfull bee worse and of more daunger For they cause loathsome smelles and fulsome belchings and make the body to breake oute illfauourably in euerye place wyth scabbes botches blaynes and mangmesse For when there is aboundance of humours in the body it cānot be chosē but Agues must nedes bee engendred of that continuall obstruction and putrefaction and stoare of diseases muste needes spring oute thereof vnlesse those excrementes by continual labour and conuenient exercise be purged and the humours reduced into good bloud For then a sweete pleasaūt sente proceding therout comforteth the head and tempereth and connenientlye moysteneth the brayne Otherwyse if concoction be troubled there do strike vp into the head grosse fumie vapours such as by exāple we see greene woode to make that is smered and couered ouer wyth pitch and talowe And hereupon it happeneth that the minde sometime conceyueth straunge and absurde imaginations yea sometimes falleth into dotage rauing madnesse phrensie melancholy furie or some other distemperaunce But if the Stomacke do his parte and office throughly if concoction be not altogether hindered and that the passages aboute the Lyuer and the other partes of the body do giue free passge to the humours then the vaspours ascēding vp into the head are nothing so hurtfull neyther do they greatlye disturbe and trouble the inward minde and yet is not a man altogether cleare and free from affections but they be such I saye as hee hath in his owne power easely to qualifye stay and inhibite Naturall Spirite therefore beinge made of the purest alimente in the Lyuer is the beginninge of the residue For by it is the vitall spirite and the animall also nourished insomuch that the power or facultie animall vseth the spirit natural as an instrument to these great affections and motions whereunto retecting and litle regarding right reason we are many times prouoked For euen as in a ciuill tumulte and sedicious vprore among the common people the Magistrate hath much ado to appease and mollifye the wilfull peoples rage and headinesse so likewise reason is not able easely to subdue the lewd affections and vnbrydled motions that grow by immoderate gurmandyze surphet and dronkennesse
they be but mere meycockes and persōs very effeminate shrynkinge at the least mishappe that happeneth and wyth the smallest griefe and feare that can bee theyr hartes fayle theim they as white as a kerchiefe Which difference of minde stomacke Lucane in the hurlyburlies of the ciuill warres in these Verses expressed and vttered Such as in th' East and scorching Clymes are bredde by course of kind And Countryes influence meycockes soft By daily proofe vve finde The North that colde and frostie it Such vveaklings none both breede The folkes there borne novvarres can daunt of death they haue no dread In this their errour happie they vvhom greatest feare of all Of death I meane cannot affray nor courage once appall They recke not they vvhat brunts they beare they feare not enmyes blade These laddes dare venture life and lymme in manly Martiall trade For whatsoeuer they be that haue thick grosse bloude haue consequently corpulent and stronge spirites and herevppon it groweth that they wil beare a grudge in memorye a longe time and not easelye forgette those motions and heddines that they once take hereuppon also it happeneth that many of them being woūded or hurt in fight vppon the sight of their owne bloude do runne vpō their enemy more fiercely and egrely and bestow theyr blowes more vehemently then afore But they that haue thinne bloude haue also slender spirits and suche as soone passe awaye Such are soone angry at the first very raging but by and by theyr anger is asswaged and cooled and assone as they haue a wound or see theyr owne bloude they are readye to faynte and fall downe But to know how to qualifye brydle and subdue those greate affections and motions of the minde that are engendred by greate heate of the spirites I iudge it not amisse for euery man to search oute by what kinde of Spirit he is most ledde to what motions in dealinges hee findeth himselfe most endaungexed how feruente or how remisse the agitacions of his minde be For by this meanes may those thinges that consist without mediocritie be reduced and brought to temperatenes and moderation Nowe this diuersitie of Spyrites oute of whiche springeth such and so great diuersities of natures and maners conceyue and take sondry alterations at the humours Thus the Soule although it be singuler as Cicero tearmeth it vnigena yet bringeth forth sondry and manifolde actions according to the nature of the Spirites and differences of the instrumentes Hence commeth such and so great variety diuersity in the thoughts desyers affections actions and perturbatiōs in mens minds insomuch that reason and discretition wythoute a speciall assistaunce of heauenlye grace can scarcely tame and represse the same For when the naturall and vitall facultie together wyth the naturall and inwarde Spirites waxe somewhat stronge and partlye by aboundaunce partly by the qualitye of meate and nourishment haue attayned strength and power they reiect and cast away the brydle of reason draw the spirit animal also for they be al deryued out of one fountayne into their faction disordered rebellion Wherby it happeneth that when any lewde deuyse or wilfull thoughte aryseth in the minde of man he is prone ynoughe to runne into dissolute riot libidinous lust filthy and shameful pleasures if he fortune to espy any pretie wēch or beautifull damsell that liketh his phantasie his minde is strayght wayes enflamed and set on fire wyth vnlawfull desyre of her person for the satisfying of his vnbridled concupiscence and by reason of the stoare of humours and cōcourse of Spyrites resorting thither frō euery part of his body his priuities vndecētly swel his mēber of generatiō becometh stiffe so that many times it happeneth mans mind to be ouercome drowned in fleshly concupiscence vnlesse by the speciall grace of Almighty God and by meditating vppon the holsome preceptes expressed in his sacred Word hee stoutlye wythstande the Sommons of suche naughtye desyres This promptnes and inclination to euill is naturally ingraffed in man The imaginations and thoughtes of mans heart sayth Moses are onelye euill and prone to vvickednes euen from their youth and first beginninges But the blessed and most comfortable comming of CHRISTE toke away this blemish who by his precious death and glorious resurrection abolished the calamitie and cancelled the bondes of that myserye whereto Adams transgression had brought vs. The consideration wherof ought in y mindes of all men to worke thus much that because their spirites are prouokers and prickers forwarde both to vices vertues euerye one shoulde wyth more carefull consideracion and heede attende loke to conserue and gouerne them orderly And althoughe the Animall Spirite be more excellent thē the other and before the rest in dignity yet in order is it the later For out of the naturall which resembleth vapour and proceedeth by vertue of the Lyuer from bloud it produceth the vitall whiche is of Aerye nature and mynistreth vnto it nourishment And the vitall doth procreate the Animall which by reason of his thinnesse and subtility is ayrie For it being laboured prepared and made in the contexed net celles and cornerie ventricles of the brayne is greatly wyth sweete smelles nourished and with fragrant things refreshed and cherished From it is fetched and deryued al the power and facultye which the soule hath and from it do al actiōs issue and proceede making the same appliable to all functions Well worthy therefore is this animall spirite deemed the proper instrument of the soule to all the sences for mayntenaunce of mouinge and nimblenes and for preseruation of the strength and firmitie of the Muscles Synewes for it transporteth and diffuseth his vertues and powers as the workemaisters of actions into the Synewes that haue the power of feeling and mouing All the instruments therfore of the Senses indued wyth this power and vertue of the Spirite Animall attayne thereby stablenes for the atchieuement of their functions and charges as for example If the wayes and passages whereby this spirite oughte to goe and haue passage bee stopped affected the power of mouing and feeling is taken away as we euidently note and see to happen in the Apoplexie Palsey Tetanus and many diseases moe And this spirite Animall is conueighed into the Synewes euen like the beames of the Sunne through a cleare shyninge glasse And euen as a fiery heate pearceth and entreth into a glowyng hoate yron that is very hard insomuche that the some therewyth becommeth softe and tractable so dothe the Spirite that is finest and thuinest slylte slyde into the Synewes All thinges therefore that neede feelinge mouing and agilitie requyre the force ayde and power of the spyrite Animall As those that by nourishment are to be maynteyned continued and kepte requyre the naturall and vitall faculties and spirites Hee therefore that woulde preserue his spirites vndemnifyed and them make moste syncere and perfecte must endeuour at any hande
but procure to it selfe quietnes tranquillity which as Tullye witnesseth is the chiefeste pointe that helpeth vs in this lyfe to lyue well and happely Which none can haue sauing he that can subdue and mayster his affections and shake of the tyrannous yoke of lewd vices this is by no other meanes to be brought to passe but by a fyrme assured truste and beliefe in God onelye and the same to bee stedfastly grounded vppon his holye Worde and Heauenlye Spyrite by whose directioÌ„ a maÌ„ shal not fayle to haue the gyft of TeÌ„peperaunce to qualefye all his wilful affections to withdraw and keepe him backe from all licentious lust Insolencie immoderate ioye excessiue myrth hatred angre desyre of reuenge greedye scrapyng couetousnesse and all other victous affections whatsoeuer And by this meanes both the partes of man that is to saye both Soule Body which by a certayne Sympathie or mutuall consent and conspyracie agree together shal be in perfect state and soundnes withoute beinge wyth any Sicknesse or greeuous malady distempered ¶ Of a cold Complexion The viij Chapter BEcause the cold CoÌ„plexion is cleane coÌ„trary and opposite to the hoate Constitution and for that this is the worst of al others furthest from that state which is perfectest best I wil addresse my next speach to discourse vpon it to theÌ„d if it be possible it may be amended and brought to a better case For sithens lyfe doth consist in a temperature of hoate moyste whereby bodies encrease to their growth and attaine to manlye strength and stature worthelye and by good reason may this be accompted of al others the worst for that in euery point and respecte that tendeth to the furtheraunce of strength mayntenaunce of health it helpeth no whit neyther geeueth any encrease thereto at all For consideringe that in it there lacketh heate and all the powers and faculties naturall it is not able for the weakenes of the Instrumentes and Organes to attracte digest that nourishment y is moyste nor to make it lyke and consubstantial witht he body and meÌ„bers And euen as naturall heate of all the faculties in the bodye is strongest to do his functions so Cold is cleane contrarye vnto it and fit for no function specially concerninge the Acte of Nature in the alteration of nourishment For in it is no maner of vtilitie or help touchiÌ„g the conseruation maintenaunce of the bodye eyther in the offyce of concoction and digestion or in anye of the other vertues or powers of Nature But yet in this quality although it waÌ„t of integritye and temperature there is alwayes some heate but the same is very fainte weake and throughe colde blunte and feeble For if heat shoulde totallye fayle or bee vtterlye extinguished life coulde not continue Therefore in this body heate is not altogether consumed and wasted but cold is aboue it and ouercommeth it and in the mixture of the other qualityes is more in quaÌ„tity and stronger then any other and thereuppon hath it his name to be termed Cold. And therefore so longe as lyfe remayneth in man and anye portion of vitall heate in the body it is good and expedient by al wayes and meanes to styrre vp cheerishe naturall heate with nourishment exercyse conuenient that it be not through cold oppressed and troden downe For there is no greater enemyes thereto then Slouth ydlenes and cold meats as hereafter shal be more at large declared Some I thincke do marueile how men of this constitution and complexion can continue and liue sithens their bloud being cold theyr vertues Animal and Spirable be decayed and dead But let euery maÌ„ note that there be many Creatures of most cold nature as the Salamandet the Fyer worme the Torpedo of the Sea and many fishes moe wherof some be of nature so extreeme colde and chillinge that if they touch fyer they streightwayes quenche it as it were yce some do so astonne the lymmes of them that touche them that they haue no feelinge nor sense in their handes or lymmes a good whyle after There is no kinde of Fyshes which by myne owne experience I am able to aduouch and testifye that hath warme bloud sauynge Whorlepooles Porpeses and Seales or Sea Calues which haue hayrie skiÌ„nes Tonyes Dolphines and as many as are rough skinned or thicke leatherye hyded such as amonge those that liue aswell vppon land as in water are the Beuer and the Otter These haue warme bloude but all others haue cold And for this cause Monsters of the Sea being taken oute of the Water do by reason of theyr inward heate and store of warme bloude liue longe whereas other sortes of fishes aswell of the Sea as of fresh waters assoone as they bee taken oute of the Water or cast on shore geeue but certaine gaspes and die immediatly which is an vndoubted argumente and certaine token that in them is very muche cold and congealed humour and of heate very litle For which reason they bee not able to bee kept longe but will soone putresse if they be not streightwayes salted or put in pickle By this may easie contecture be made of what plight bodely state those persoÌ„s be which stil eate fyshe and lyue a solytarye life withoute keeping company with others and being forbidden fleshe which the Father of Nature hath created and appointed wyth thankesgeeuinge of all men to be eaten do commonly feede vpon rotten stinking Saltfysh Which kind of people for many of that stampe and disposition haue for many yeares vsed may aduyse in Phisicke I am wont to perswade counsell that they shoulde drincke after them good stronge and pure wyne and abandoning all idlenesse and slouth vse continuall Exercise I haue knowen sondry of them that throughe grosse and claminie glewysh phlegme haue gotten the Letharge or drowsse euill the Apoplexie the Crampe Polsey and Wâ—ye mouthes There is none of these persons but hee aboundeth and is replete wyth much Phlegme and Phlegmaticke excrementes which maketh them lumpish and sleapie forgetfull â—low of body and mynde pale coloured except some time at the comminge of some of their especiall frendes they bee heated with wyne and thereby haue dumpes dryuen out of their myndes For by this meanes their colour is made fresher and all heauie drowsynesse banished and chased out of their myndes If therfore thou desyre to haue a paterne of a colde complexioned person ryghtlye pourtrayed oute vnto thee set before thine eyes men that by profession of lyfe liue in this order and by their former wonted trade of dyet are broughte vnto this habite yea although aforetime they were of a disposition and maner of lyfe cleane contrary These men doe liue but their life is like the Periwinkle or Snaile whose substaunce consisting of a congealed licour concrete moysture is liquefied and resolued into the same Which thing is to be
induceth a dry distemperaunce and manye tymes too much stoare of moysture quight quencheth heate and manye there are vnto whom vehement coldnes bringeth drynesse which is the worst distemperuance of all others and to Nature moste hurtfull for that it hastenethe Oldeage and bringeth a man to death longe before his time The body of euery one is then inwardly drye when it is neyther able to attract and draw nourishment into the Veynes neyther sufficiently able to digest and enioy the benefite therof wherby it happeneth that the pryncipall partes and Entrailes appointed for concoction of the meates be dryed vp the resitdue seruinge to purge excrementes do abound wyth Phleginatick humours Which thing hath made many to stumble ouershoote themselues who haue thoughte Old men to be moyst of Complexion whereas me solide parts the Arteryes Panicles skinnes synewes and muskles are not moyste but the capacities receptoryes and pores which stande the body in steede to expell superfluityes are endued wyth some moysture and hereupon the body by reason of weake and feeble heate ceasseth to bee nourished and is finally brought into an exteme drynesse And therefore not without good reason doth Galene thinck that this is the worst plight and state that the body can be in For the same thinge that happeneth to men aged and stryken in yeares happeneth to manye YongmeÌ„ euen froÌ„ their first beginninge And therfore it is needeful to humect and warme them with moderate exercyse moyst and hoate nourishment but speciallye with hoate and sweetish wyne for sower harde wynes be hurtfull to this Complexion namely to Old men excepte they be well sweetened wyth Sugar or honie This thing also ought to be obserued in the eating of Mylke which is made for them a greate deale better and holesomer if it be well seasoned with these or such like condimentes For by this meanes shall no obstructions by eating therof be engendred neyther needeth the Stone and grauel in the reynes therby to be feared And for doubte of beinge at anye time wyth the same troubled because it coÌ„meth and is bredde of grosse toughe humour and meat of hard digestion such thinges should be prescribed vnto them as open obstructioÌ„s and prouoke Uryne of which sort these Herbes Gardensmallage Sperage AlkakeÌ„gie Cheruyle Saxifrage Christa marina Betonie Maydenheare Rosemarie flowers and if the bealy be bound or costiue Mercurye Fumitorie bastarde Saffron with a Prysane Sea colewortes boyled in broth wyth fat flesh Malowes Arrage Elite all sorts of Dockes Nettles Hoppes yong Elderbuds specially in the Spring time of the yeare or such other as be in their chiefest vertue in Sommer Autumne as Cheries Plummes Figges and Mulberyes being eaten at beginning of Meales For whereas Horace in a learned and elegante Verse commeÌ„deth vnto vs Mulberies thinking the same best to be eaten last and at the latâ—er end of dinner he did it not by way of any Phisicke or holsomnes y is therein being so taken but for that the common vse and custome was so to eate them His Verses be to this effect At ende of Dinner Mulberies vvho vseth still to eate Ech morning earlye gathered himselfe in Somers heate Shall safely keepe in holesome plight deuoyd of Sicknes all VVhereby no kinde of maladie attach his body shall For these and also Grapes Peaches Corneilbearies such as will not be kepte long in SoÌ„mer oughte to be eaten before other meates for if they be otherwyse preposterously taken or oute of order they putrefie and corrupt the bodye and fill the bealy full of wynd In Wynter season also there are many things that make the bealy soluble and skowre the Gutts Entrailes as Muste dry Figges great Reysons Damaske prunes eyther stewed or steeped in some licoure puttinge thereunto a good quantitie of Sugar or honie Wherunto are to be added these that haue an expedieÌ„t vertue in medicines Sene Polipodie Manna Epythyme Cassia Rhabarbe and the infusion of Hebene or Lignum Indicum Mirobalanes Thamar or Dates of India and all these to be geeuen eyther in Whaye or in the broath of a Henne And forasmuch as for preseruation of health and dryuing away diseases not onely in OldmeÌ„ but in all others that be subiect to any sicklie affection there cannot be any holesomer thinge then Turpentine it deserueth also to be reckened in the number of these aforesayd For it not onely mollyfyeth and looseth the healy without all harme daunger but also purgeth and skowreth all the Entrailes and inwarde partes as the Lyuer Mylte Reynes Lunges and Lightes but it must be of the best sort and cleare shyning through not counterfecte nor paltered withall And the best is that which issueth out of the Larch the Pyne or the Firre tree I haue prooued this to bee of moste effectuall and soueraigne force to prouoke Vryne in them that coulde not well pysse to breake the stone and grauell in the Strangurie and in the fylthye vlcerous dropping or effluxion of the Vryne called of the Duchmen Den Druyper in the Goute aswell of the hands as feete in curing the loathsome botches contagious pollutions of the Priuye members secrete parts gotteÌ„ by hauing carnal knowledge with coÌ„mon Brothelles Pocky harlots in curiÌ„g and helping al inwarde grieues infections accoÌ„panying the same disease wherof many settle so deepely within the boanes that the pellicles rymmes Synewes Muskles TeÌ„dons or Chords throughe outrage of humours are shrunkeÌ„ crumpled spoyled haled a sonder And albeit Galenes vse was to mynister the same in the bignes quaÌ„tity of a Fylberd Nutte sometime of two sometime three yet my custome is because I would that it should the better penetrate and searche into all the Veynes and parts of the body to make it after the maner of a Potion myngling wyth it som distilled water or els some wyne For it wyll become liquide without any fier and through coÌ„tinuall chasing it wyll easely be brought to a notable whitenesse and that is this sorte to bee done First I take an ouÌ„ce or two of right and perfect Turpentine wherein is neyther fraude nor legter du mayne vsed it doe I bruyse dissolue wyth a Pestil in a Mortar and adde thereto a litle of the Yolke of an Egge then do I myngle and put to it two or three ounces of the water of Alkakengie or Smallage or some other licour accordingly as the Nature of the disease or state of the person seemeth to requyre All these do I beate together till they be wel myxt and incorporate the myxture wil be of such a pleasaunt mylkye whytenes as though it were Creame yea my pacientes are perswaded that it is soe in deede none other thing which I giue them to drincke I also vse to make it into litle round Pilles and rouling it in fine vnleauened wafer Past to giue it them to swallow downe or els in y softe pappe of a
is to be bee noted that these complexioned personnes be of stature meane bigge set rather then tall graunde paunched stroutingly bellyed which commeth partly by nature and partly by the custome and order of lyuing by ydlenesse and ease wante of exercise bolling swilling longe sleepe and manye wayes besyde whereby the body groweth and becommeth burly fat and corpulent I could heere recite al the other tokens of ech seuerall part of mans body that is of this moyst constitution and complexion as the Nose in a maner camoysed and flat wyth the grystlie end bluÌ„t and bigge swollen and blowen Cheekes rounde Chinne many signes moe but they do shew the seuerall nature and quality of ech singuler parte by it selfe and not of the whole bodye in generall so that we may not by one small part geue iudgment of the whole body but of euery proper inâ—ber speciall consideration must be taken albeit for the most parte they resemble and participate in nature and temperament wyth their chiefe and principall Entraile that is to say the Heart and Lyeuer Concerning the inwarde notes and tokens of the mynde Men of this Complexion as theyr mynde is nothinge quicke so neyther is theyr tongue being the interpreter of the same prompt readye or quicke because it is so drowned in ouermuch moysture that it is not well able to aduaunce and set out it selfe in good and cleane vtteraunce their wit neyther sharpe nor fine theyr courage base and nothing haultie not atteÌ„ptinge any high enterpryses nor caryng for any glorious and difficult aduentures and the cause is for y heate whych is the thing that pricketh forward emboldeneth to take in hand worthy attempts is in them very weake and small for this cause are meÌ„ quicker witted deeper searchers out of matters and more diligente and rype of iudgemente then women for a woman compasseth and doth al thinges after a worse sort and in goyng about affayres and making bargeins hath not the lyke dexterity and seemelynesse that a man hath And vnto this ende apperteyneth and may be referred that saying of the wyse man. It is better to be vvith an ill Man theÌ„ vvith a frendly VVomaÌ„ c. Whych is by reason and effecte of heate which whosoeuer lacketh or els haue feeble and faynt are for the most part persons effeminate nyce teÌ„dor wythout courage and spyrite sleepie slouthfull weakelings meycockes and not apt nor able to beget any Children because their Sperme is too thinne and moyst and therby vnable to peece and ioyne together wyth the womans seede generatiue For albeit the desire of carnall knowledge and venerous actes for the most parte proceedeth of a slypperie moyst dispositioÌ„ of body and is to persons of this temperature lesse hurtfull then to others yet forasmuche as this moystnes humour is slowly forced forward by heate and the members of generatioÌ„ not filled with swelling spyrit it foloweth that they be vnto carnall coiture fuÌ„bling slow not greatly therto addicted neither therein take anye greate delectacion or pleasure And hereupon it happeneth that fat womeÌ„ and corpulente haue greater desire to fleshly concupiscence and bodely luste in Sommer then in Wynter because in SoÌ„mer heat enkindleth moysture styrreth vp Venus but in men coÌ„trarily it quencheth it for manly strength by immoderat heate is resolued and enfeeblished Likewyse these herbes Thyme Rue many others that be very hoat dry queÌ„ch and take away in men all desire of carnall lust because they wast the generatiue humour whereas women therby are much prouoked stirred to venerie by enforcing heat into theyr secret parts pryuities And for this cause wheÌ„ y Genitoryes or meÌ„bers of generation begin once to grow into coldnes that the generatiue humor is not forced nor calefyed by natural heat then are such things good to bee mynistred to the parties as are of power able to stirre vp the loynes with a certaine tickling coÌ„cupisceÌ„ce to prouoke the genital seede with desire to be expelled Now how such persoÌ„s may keepe theÌ„ selues in bodely health cleare free froÌ„ sicknes heere meane I briefly to decyâ—hre First because health consisteth in a teÌ„perameÌ„t of hoat moyst this coÌ„stitutioÌ„ ought to vse a moyst diet that is to saye such nourishment foode as is therunto famyliar much of affmity such whert in is reasonable good store of heat of which sorte is sweete wyne Mylke Rye breade Rere egges Veale Porke Pigge bigge laÌ„bes waterfoules beanes Chestnuts Chitchpease Dates Reyss Figges Almonds Pyne apple kernels haÌ„ginge sweete grapes such as Muskadell grapes are Sea fish Braynes AmoÌ„g garden or pot herbes Lettice Arrage Rape Parseips Carets Melons Cucumbers but good heede must be takeÌ„ y he vse not to eate toâ—much of any of these for feare of making the body excede to much in moystnes For by ouermuch moyst diet fare Phlegme cold â—aÌ„my humours causing sundry dauÌ„gerous diseases be engeÌ„dred to wit y Apoplexie CraÌ„pe through fulnes or els abundante of Phlegme browsy euil Palsey falliÌ„g Sicknes AstonmeÌ„t insensiblenes of the lymmes when as the power Animall is so venummed and depryued of his function that all sense of feelynge and moouinge is taken away and a man sodainly thereby as it were by some preseÌ„t reueng sent to him by Gods great wrath is styfled This bodye therefore must be conserued wythin the boundes and rules of healthynesse and temperaunce vsing expedient exercyse and shaking away al slouth and ydlenes specially it shal behooue him to haue good regard orderly to euacuate and purge his bodelye excrements to go to the Stoole to pysse to aryse betymes in the morning and frequente some conuenient exercyse and by vsing a somewhat vehemente motion or walkinge to styre vp his inward or naturall heate As concerning Sleepe in this body it ought to be moderately vsed not exceedinge the space of vi houres at the furthest For it is better to Sleepe lyttle and somewhat wyth watching to soke away humous then immoderatly to bolne swell and therewyth throughly to be cloyed As for example we see those which geeue themselues too much to bellycheere and Sleepe to become therwyth so grosse and corpulent that their Chinne hangeth downe danglinge and ioyneth to theyr breast and as the Poet Persius sayeth Their paunch and gullet vvith fat beares out A good foote and halfe of assise about Whereby it happeneth that suche persons are oftentimes euen vpon the sodaine cast into diseases For their veynes and arteryes being slender and streict and also voyd of bloud and Spyrite theyr natural heate is quickly and for euery light cause oppressed and styfeled which thing is ment by Hyppocrates where he sayth They that be by nature very porzy grosse liue as long as they that be slender bodyed because theyr pores bee wyde and their conceptacles of bloude large so that lightlye no outwarde or inwarde causes
throughlye and exactly concocted and of the nature of those parts wherin they be laboured become in colour as wee see white and mylkie Thus also the Lyeuer being of substauÌ„ce as it were coagulate bloud engendreth a raddy liquide substaunce the Lunges causeth a fomie froathie licour the commissures or setting together of the Ioyntes a glewish humour the toÌ„gue spettle the holow bones produce and bring forth white marowe as the Ridge bone of the backe the brayne do where al 's thinges are exactlye laboured For in Lambes and other yong cattel the marow is not white but bloudy Euery part therefore of the body worketh his humour like to it selfe and transmuteth it into the nature wherof it selfe is No man therfore ought to thincke it absurdly spoken in sayinge and affyrminge Phlegme by the force and facultie of the Lyeuer to be altered and chaunged into Bloud And this liquide thinne humour in the bodyes of all Creatures is to purpose and vse no lesse profitable then necessary For being conueighed euery way into the Veynes it qualefyeth and alayeth the heate of Bloud Choler finally it maketh the Ioyntes nymble and styrringe kepinge them from beinge stiffe and lumpish through drynesse and last of al it nourisheth all Phlegmaticke members and them continueth in lusty state And although there be commonly no certaine place assigned where Phlegne resteth yet the greatest part is still in the Stomack or ventricle wherin the meate is first boyled and altered into a thinne iuyce or liquide substaunce For we see men that haue surcharged theyr Stomackes in vomyting and perbraking sometimes to cast vp great abundance of loathsome clammie tough Phlegme or to scowre and euacuate the same through the guttes those I meane that haue excessiuelye and ingluuiouslye surphetted eyther in eating or drinking Whose heades consequently being filled wyth moystysh vapours those fumosities strykinge vpwarde as in a Stillatorie grow into a thicke fylthy and sneuillie phlegme whereby throughâ— coldnes of the brayne the parties becommeth subiect and open to sundrye diseases as the Poze Murre Hoarsenes Coughe and many others of which sort is the Rheume or distillation of humours from the heade wherewith in the Lowe Countryes of Belgia both rich and poore highe and low in Wynter season are much troubled fynde by experience to bee true and yet they be people commonly healthy and as sounde as a Bell. In perfect Health and throughly sound But vvhen that Phlegme doth much abound Insomuch that I sometimes am dryuen into a wonder to consyder how such abundance of filthie humours shoulde rest in the head which nature one whyle at the mouth an other whyle at the Nose and Throte expelleth and purgeth The head therfore and the Stomacke namely and much more then any of the other parts are pestered with the excrement of Phlegme specially if a man vse to eate such meates as be cold and moyst and discontinue exercyse whereby it happeneth that this humour being too crude is very hardly to be concocted and brought into an holesome iuyce profitable auayleable for the body For it is a certayne vliginous moystishnes and superfluous excrement which ought rather to be sent out and purged that waye which nature speciallye alloweth and whereby most conuenientlye she is wonte to exonerate herselfe For as the originall of this inconuenience beginneth first at the Stomacke and afterward infesteth the heade as we may plainly perceiue obserue by Wyne copiouslye quaffed and swilled which althoughe it descende downe into the Stomacke yet doth it assayle and distemper the heade it standeth vs therfore vpoÌ„ carefully to foresee y in those parts as litle of this Phlegmaticke excrement as may bee bee engendred because the harme and inconuenience redoundeth to the generall harme and detrimente of the whole body And as it fareth in a Realme or Kingdome in a Common wealth in a Cruile Pollicie or Corporation in anye Honourable householde or worshipfull Famylie so likewyse in the Body of man that disease of all others is moste daungerous ill which taketh his oryginall beginning at the heade and principall members For the harme diffuseth and spreadeth it selfe into all the inferiour partes of the body and them greatly damnifyeth As for more plainnesse let euery man take an example at any house which he enioyeth hath in occupation For euen as those houses that wil hold out neither wynde nor weather be very vnholesome to dwell in and a greate backfrend to health or when the Ridges or Roofes thereof bee ill tymbred and for wante of good lookinge too runneth in ruine and taketh water as often as anye rayne falleth So lykewyse as longe as the heade is distempered and affected wyth this baggage Phlegme and distilling Humour both it and the rest of the body can neuer be in perfect health For beinge it selfe of a cold and moyste nature it quickly drinketh vp vapours out of a watrish stomack beyng thereby replete wyth humiditye moysteneth likewyse those partes that be vnder it yea this distilling Phlegme is as noysome and greeuous to it as a brawling and scoulding wyfe is to a quiet man. For out of the heade continually do Humours distill and lyke soote oute of a Chymney fall downe into the Throate Eares Nose Eyes Breast and Lunges wherupon happen tumors swelling of the eyes Bleyreyednesse drynesse of sight whyzzing and running in the eares hardnesse of hearing and sometime behinde the eares Impostumes botches and wexekernelles besyde many sortes moe for the Instrumentes of the tongue be affected the voyce hindered yea sometime stopped that a man is not able to vtter out a plaine worde The Synâ—wes Pellicles Muscles Wesantpype and Veynes of the throte called Iugulares and the partes that serue to frame y voyce beyng surcharged wyth toomuch Humour as in dronkeÌ„ persoÌ„sis manifestly to be seene make the tongue vnperfecte foltering and stammering and all the members to reele and staggar their words double and not intelligible insomuch that at sometimes they bee not able to speake one plaine word nor in seÌ„sible tearmes to declare their owne meaning And thereby being by nature otherwise vnreadye and in vtteraunce staggering and now also throughly whitteled soaked in Wyne theyr tongue doubleth slammereth and foltereth a great deale more insomuche that they bring oute their wordes by stoppes and pauses like theÌ„ that haue the hicket such persons cannot speake softly and stillie because their voyce commonly is stopped and kept back which maketh them to force out their words the lowder They must therefore earnestlye striue and accustome themselues roundly and distinctly to deliuer out theyr wordes for otherwyse their tongue through defaulte and imbecillitye and lackynge stablenesse fayleth them and furthereth them nothing in theyr pronunciation but chatter babble so obscurely that no man can vnderstand any thynge of that they saye For we see them to be scarce able to vtter euen a few
Soule when the body is in sounde Sleepe and al the outwarde senses at rest wythdrawinge it selfe into the innermoste partes of the body perceyueth vnderstandeth beholdeth those actioÌ„s which y body is to do by day and loke what things the body desyreth and longeth after the same doth the Soule enioye as presente by Imagination Hereupon I thincke were these Prouerbes first deuysed The Dogge dreameth of bread of rauÌ„ging in the Fields of hunting For what things soeuer a man earnestly and exceedingly desyreth or hath his mynde still running on the same being a Sleepe hee thinketh and dreameth vpon in the night Whereunto it is like ynoughe that Esay the Prophete alluded where hee sheweth that the counsayles and deuyses of the wicked shall come to noughte and vanishe awaye like smoake as Dreames seene by nighte Euen as sayth hee a hungrye man Dreameth that hee is eatinge and vvhen hee avvaketh is yet hungrye and emptie And as a thristy man Dreameth that hee is drinkinge and vvhen hee avvaketh is yet faynte and thirstie Euen so fareth it vvith them that gape and seeke after innocente Bloude to glutte their crueltie therevvith for they shall misse theyr purpose like them that Dreame and not obteyne the thinges vvhich they earnestly desyre or thincke themselues sure to compasse bring about Nowe to satisfye them that are desyrous to knowe the inwarde notes and tokens of a Colde and moyste Complexion and Phlegmaticke persons I wyll heere by the waye set downe the same declare of what Nature condition maners conuersation and order of lyfe they bee howe beit there is no cause whye anye man should hope to fynde in them of this constitution and plight any stoare of excelleÌ„t singuler rare gyftes syth in them appeareth small quicknes of wit smal worthynesse or excellency of mynd smal sharpenes of iudgement learning small knowledge or skill in atchieuing and compassing matters for that the same with prudence and wysedome cannot conueniently be brought about For those that are numbred and referred into the order of this Complexion are persons of no verye sharpe and exact iudgement or as the Prouerbe by interpretatioÌ„ souÌ„deth EmuÌ„ctae naris fine witted as coÌ„trariwyse they whose noses be stuffed with Phlegme sneuil are likewyse by the Prouerbe tearmed Obesae naris grosse witted applying by Translation the faulte from the bodye to the mynde For as both theyr tallage taste smelling and other obiectes of their Senses bee blunte grosse so are they likewyse in mynde witte dolâ—ish and dull slouthfull and lumpish finally neyther by nature neyther by vse forecasteful sharp witted nor craftie by reason theyr naturall heate is languishyng and feeble and drowned in moyst quality and cold Humour therefore also their memory is very fayleable oblyuious and nothing at all in a manner retentiue Theyr speach as likewyse their pulses maner of gate slow and soft But this in them specially deserueth commeÌ„dation that they be gentle and quiet of nature not greatlye addicted to venerous daliaunce not fumishe testy or soone angred being such as although they be thereto prouoked wil not lightly chafe and fret to be short not geeuen to fraude and subtilty cogging and foysting craft and cousonage wrangling and quarelling as the Cholericke are And because commonlye they be assayled with many and sundry diseases for that they be geeuen to sit still louing their ease and ydlenes first they are to be enioyned and prescribed a Diet that is hoat wherof in the Discourse of the Cold Complexion and also of the Moyste hath beene spoken abundantly and next they are to be perswaded pricked forward to vse themselues to exercise For sluggishnes and slouth as witnesseth Celsus dulleth the body but labour and exercise maketh it firme and lustye the one bringeth Oldage before the time the other maketh Adolescencie and youth to last long And therefore stronger motions and exercyses are for these persons more requisite least otherwyse the humour toomuch encrease and heat quayle be enfeebled Let them therfore vse in the mornyngs to walke abroade and namely vp hilles and sâ—â—epe places when they be yet fasting their stomacks empty yea it shall not bee amysse to vse the same after meate but these stirrings and bodely agitations must be done with a very soft pace and those the be about mydday swyfter and faster which precept is expedieÌ„t for them that be hoate and moyst to obserue but yet as Galene sayth not so faste and vehemente as they vse when by occasion of some earneste busynesse they bee dryuen to make speede and hast It shall be good also for them to continue long fasting and to vse sparing suppers For as all they that be in perfect health may and ought at Supper to feede somewhat largely and excepte custome be to the contrary be allowed to eate more fully and liberally so againe to them that be of this Complexion a spareful and light supper is most fit and agreeable because the brayne shall thereby be the lesse encumbred disquieted wyth fumes and exhalacioÌ„s in the night ascending and proceedinge out of the Stomacke For these be they that engender distillations and Catarrhes out of whome spryngeth swarmes of many diseases And that the same may the better be auoyded and declyned I will breefely set downe the differeÌ„ces of this Phlegmatique Humour what effect is thereby wroughte and what diseases ensue aud grow thereuppon OF Phlegme there be foure sorts of differeÌ„ces or kinds Sweete or if it be crude vnsauoury making meÌ„ drowsy and heauy desyring to Sleepe more then nature requyreth by reason that the Brayne which is a principall member and the oryginal of all Senses is moystned and made cold Sower maketh hungry For the mouth of the Ventricle or Stomake endued wyth this Humour is styrred vp to an appetite and desyre of meate Saltish maketh thyrstye and nippeth the Stomacke Glassie in toughnes and coldnesse passinge all the others bryngeth loathsomnes and abhorryng of meate The myeldest and leaste hurtfull of all these is the Sweete which after that concoction is once dispatched is bettered and turned into the nature of Bloude which yet notwithstandinge wanteth not his poyson and malignaunt nature except all the inconuenience thereof be throughly by heate excocted For it maketh loose softe and rysing tumours or blysters whyte whythoute any rednesse and other whealie breakinge out of Phlegme besyde in the vtter parte of the skinne as mattrye skabbes wheales pushes and pymples in Women and yonge folkes which sometime breake out and are full of matter and fylthy corruption but it causeth not great ytch nor heat as the skabbednes which commeth of salte Phlegme or abundaunce of Choler doth which is endued wyth a sharpe byting brynyshe saltnes Sower Phlegme in quality and effect resembling like vnto Melancholyke iuyce in coÌ„tinuaÌ„ce of time gathered into the stomack is lesse cold
Imaginacion of vvomen at the time of their cōception 40. 93 Infancie 29 Intemperature vvhat it is 34 Influence and force of the Moone 78 Inclinacion of nature 100 Ihon Baptist beheaded 10 Italians 17. their nature ibid. Iugglers 101 K. KErnellie fleshe in the dugges 108. alterethe bloud into milke ibid. Knovvledge of the case o four ovvn bodies verie expedient 2 L LEaning to a broken reede 144 Learned aged mē reuerēced in Englād 48 Lettice ill for the eyesight 125 Levvd thoughtes 14 Lyuer the Shop of bloud 89 Lyuer prouoketh and eggeth to carnall Iust 141 Lignum Aloes 126 Limitation for our prayers and vvishes 136 Lyquide meates sonest quickliest nourish 156 Long life hovv it may be orderly procured 68 Lupines a kinde of pulse the nature operatiō thereof 5 Lying in bed on the right side best 58 Lying vpright vpon the backe daungerous 58 M MAgo tamed a Lyon. 4 Maluesey 103 Mainteyners of health 1 Many good vvittes by ill education levvde cōpany marred 4 Mannes age 30 Man a VVolfe 96. An ape 97. A Lion A Fox c. ibid. Mammiles or dugges the receptacles of Milke 108 Manns corrupt nature more prone to ill then to good 122 Man daylie subiect to casualties 135 Matrimony pleasaūt and profitable the cause vvhy it vvas first by God instituted 6 Measurable feeding most holsome 7 Meates fitt for cold persons 65 Melancholie 86 Melancholie may be altered 4 Melancholie incidēt to al mē especially to Studentes 136 Melancholie of tvvo sortes ibid. vvherunto it is like ibidē Melancholy vvhat relish and tast it hath 137 Melancholie vnnatural of 3. sortes 146. 152 Melancholy enflamed vvhat colour it hath 147. Melancholy hath in it some heate 148 Melancholy cold vvhat affectes it causeth 148 Melancholy doltish or asselike ibid. Melancholy vvel tempered bringeth foorth excellent vvitts and sharpe iudgement 149 Melancholy hovv it may be qualified and expugned 152 Melancholik persons somtimes out of measure mery 139 Melancholick affections hovv they come 143 Melancholick persons fickle headed and inconstant 148 Melancholick persons lecherous 149 Melancholicke passions and certain histories of sundrie persons of that Complexion 150 Melancholick person fully persvvaded that hee had Frogs and Toades in his belly ibid Melancholick persons imagination of a longe nose ibid. Melancholick person that thought his buttocks vvere made of glasse 151 Melancholicke person that thought himself to be dead ibid. Melancolick persons are best to be laxatiue and soluble 152 Melācholick persons vvhē to be let bloud ibid. Melancholick persons diet 156 Members of the body hovv they agree and be lincked together 11. Memory good 69. hovv it may be restored 70 Memory vvhere it resteth 119. vvhat things be thereto hurtfull 120. is maintayned preserued in a temperate brayne ibid. ill in old folks children and vvhy ibid. Memory the gift of nature but by Arte preserued and holpen 121 Memory by healthynes strengthned by crudity and surphet spoyled 122. by light suppers preserued and bettered 123 Menenius a vvise oratour by telling a fine deuised Fable of the members of mannes body dissvvaded the Nobles and Cōmons from ciuile vprore discord 12 Men vviser then VVomen vvhy 81 Morphevv 134 Moyst nourishment fittest for children 49 Moist complexion 78. not geuen to be malicious spightfull fumishe and testy 80. their diet 82. their stint of sleepe ibid. Moistnes 79 Moisture feedeth and nourisheth heate 83 Murre 109 Musicke cheareth the minde 53 Milke 71 Milke is vvhite bloud 108. neuer eaten by Pythagoras and vvhy ibid. Milke in the breastes and dugges of young Infantes asvvel male as female ibid. vvhere it is generated and made ibid. Minde in moist complections 91 Minstrells 101 Milt and the vse therof 137. Hindreth agilitye of the body ibid. cannot be taken avvay 138. likened to a princes Exchequer ibidē prouoketh laughter ibid. being vvel in good case and plight causeth mirth and chearefulnes 141 being distempered affected or out of righte course causeth a heauy minde ibid. Mirth hovv it is caused 5 Mirth at the table 76 Mirth and pleasaunt company profitable for Melancholicke persons 5. 139. Mirth moderately vsed banquetting reuiueth the Spirites maketh a mā fresh coloured 154 Mixture of humoures compared to vvine 107 N NAturall heate 8. 60. Nature of Spermaticke seede and feminine Bloud 26 Nature of persons phlegmaticke 111 Northren people 13. 16 Nosce teipsum 3 Notorious villaines procede not from loutis he natures but from excellent mindes corrupted by levvde education marred 45 Notes of a dry complexion 68 Notes to knovv a Phlegmatick person and his nature 112 Notes vvherby to knovv a Cholerick complexion 129 Notes of a Melancholicke Complexion 145 Notes and nature of a Sanguine person 101 Nucha or the nape of the necke must be kepte vvarme 121 O Oldage 28. hath no certaine nūber of yeares appointed hovv long it lasteth as ech other age hath 20. Old men forgetful and vvhy 16. sometimes as lustie as youngmen and vvhy 28 Oldmen by nature drye but in condicion moyst 88. much harmed by vsinge carnall copulation and venerie 55. Olde grudges 122 Onyons ill for the eyes and memory 125 Oppilation of the Liuer hovv it commeth 104. hovv to bee auoided ibid. Oppilation and putrefaction the original cause of all diseases 10 P PArasites 101 Partes of the body subiect to Phlegme 117 Patrickes purgatory 146 Persons mere sāguine cōmōly starke fooles 96 Persons Apoplectique 129. hovv to restore thē to the right vse of their tongue ibid. Perturbations of the minde 59. 141 Philip king of Spayne 90 Phlegme the matter of bloud 107. the vse effect therof 109. vvhat place of the bodie it is in ibid. Diseases grovving through it ibid. Phlegme 86 Phlegme of 4. sortes 115 Phlegme svveete 116 Phlegme sovver ibid. Phlegme salt 117. harmes thereof ibidē Phlegme glassie ibid. Phlegme common to al men 118 Phlegmatique persons il coloured 146 Phlegmatique persons praysed 115 Phlegmatique persons must eate light suppers 115. Phlegmatique persons must vse exercise ibid. Playing vvith the head vvhat it signifieth 98 Pockes 134 Polycletus rule 33 Povver attractiue 9 Povver retentiue ibid. Povver digestiue ibid. Povver expulsiue ibid. Poze 109 Proportion of bloud to other humours 100 Prouerbes emunctae naris obesae naris expoūded 114 Pubertie 29 Putrefaction 10 Pypers 101 Pythagoras 30. his comparing of th' ages of mans lyfe to the four quarters of the yeare ibid. Q QVaysie stomackes 156 Qualefiers of the heate of bloud 50 Qualities 86 Quinces conserued 126 Quietnes and tranquillitie of mind 156 R RApes good for the eyesight 125 Rebellion in the bodie 14 Receiptes laxatiue 104 Recreations discommendable 54. 76 Remorse of conscience for vvicked deedes 144 Repletion 55 Restoratiues for the memorie 125 Ringvvormes 134 Riot and bellicheare 10 Rue prouoketh lust in vvomen extinguisheth it in men 81 S SAmpson 43. his great strength ibid. Sangar 44. vvith a plough share slevve 600. Philistines ibid. Sanguine persons curteous and milde natured Vide
Bloud 99. Scottes 18 Scoffers 101 Secke 102 Seede 85. 105. 106. pollution and effluxioÌ„ therof hovv it hapneth 113 Shauing of the beard helpeth memory 124 Shauing of the head ibid. Short stature vvherof it commeth 27 Sicknesse vvhat it is 12 Signes of sicknesse approching ibid. Sickly persons must eate little bread 156 Signes of a brain distempered 143 Signes of suche as bee subiecte to melancholy 147. Sinne cause of sicknesse and death 67 Sleepe and the commodities thereof 57. 73. time space therof 57. to vvhat vse it serueth 95. good for Cholerick persons 133 Sleepers soundly 57. Small vnquiet sleepers 58. Sleepe by day ill and vnholsome 58. good for rauing or Idlenesse of the brayne 152 Sleeping person heauier then a vvatching 5 Slouth and ease 52 Sound Parents beeget sound children 85 Solitarie persons subiect to the Apoplexie 61 Snailes life 62 Soule 12 Sounding 133 Soueraigntie of the hart 109 Spaniardes 18 Spettle 87 Speach hovv to be restored 126 Spirite 7 vvhat it is 8. requireth great care ibid. being in good case teÌ„per causeth tranquillitie of mynde ibid. being disteÌ„pered it vvorketh suÌ„dry motioÌ„s bringeth disquietnes ibid vvhat thinges bee thereto moste hurtfull and vvhat most comfortable ibid. 19. 20. greatly comforted vvith svvete smelles 126 Spirite animall and theffects thereof 15 Spirite vital ibid Spirite of nature 20 Stammers 111. cannot speake softlye ibideÌ„ 147. Stitches 103 Stinking breath hovv it commeth 156 Stomacke and head engendrers and keepers of Phlegme 109 Store of hayre hovv it commeth 41 Strong breath and stinking mouthes 156 Studie by candlelight hurtful 74 Studentes exercises 75 Superstition 24 Supper 156 Svveate 87 T TAlnesse of personage 27 Temperance 60 Temperature vvhat it is 32. nine differences thereof ibid. subiect to chaunge 88 Testicles 85 Tettars 134 Text of Esay expounded 114 Themistocles vvished to learne the Arte of forgetfulnes 122. his nature disposition vvhile he vvas young 130 Thinges making good digestion spirites 5 Thinges good for the memory 125 Thinges not natural sixe 46 Thinne bloud 13 Three most holsome thinges for health 7 Timon a deadly hater of al men and al companye 143 Time for euery matter 77 Tokens of a cold complexion 64 Tokens of a moist body 80 Tokens of the dispositioÌ„ of phlegmaticke persons 114 Tokens of sanguine persons 99 Tormentes of an vnquiet minde and guilty coÌ„science 143 Tranquillitie of minde 31. 59 Traunce 103 Triall of good horses 54 Trophonius Denne 146 True goodes 2 Tumblers 101 Turpentine 72 Turpentine hovv to prepare it ibid. to make it liquide and potable ibid V VEnerie Vide Carnall acte Veyne opened shevveth oculerly ech of the four humours 86 Veines from vvhence they spring 89 Vertues defaced and marred by vices 44 Vitall moisture 7 Vitall spirite 12 Vlcers 134 Vnholsome meates spilleth nature 27 Vnablenes in some to beget children 43 Vomite must be seeldome prouoked 55 vvhen to vomite ibideÌ„ to vvhat persons it is most hurtful 56 Voyce 45 VV WAnne colour 65 VVasshing of the head 126 VVatching ouermuch hurtful 58 VVavvvard persons 12 VVhores 106 VVolfe a disease 134 VVomen full of hayre on their heads 42 VVomen hayrie lecherous ibid. cause of barrennes in vvomen 43 VVormevvood holsome for the Lyuer 104 VVringing in the small Guttes 129 VVyfe bravvlinge and skoldinge likened to a dropping house 110 VVylie Foxes 130 VVylie vvinckers 58 VVyne hurtfull to children 49. maketh the hart mery 138. VVisemen sometime fearefull 94 Y. YouÌ„gmen somtimes vveake vvearish feeble and vvhy 28 Youngman sodenly gray headed 91 Youth 29 Z ZEale vvithour knovvledge 25 Zelanders 17 Zeno. 5 T N. FINIS Lib. 2. Offic. Mainteners of health Health Sickenes Soule Sat. 10. True goods Health passeth gold Hor. lib. 1 epist. epist. ad Albium Nosce te ipsum Eccles 7 Death by ill diet many times hastened before his due time Lib. 2. Georg. The minde ib. 8. ca. 7. Mago made LioÌ„ tame VVhat maketh good digestion Eccle. 31. VVhat maketh a man merie The nature of Lupines A dead man heauier theÌ„ a lyuing Hor lib. 3 Oda 21. Euery man must search out his ovvn inclination and nature It is someâ—â— time good to chaunge nature Lib. 12. Cap. 1. Genes 2. The commoditie of matrimony Three most holsome thinges Georg. 3 The bodye consisteth in thre things Humour Heate Spirite Pers Sat. â— Things hurt full to the spirits of man. Prouer. 17 Eccle. 30. Things coÌ„fortinge the Spirits What Spirite is The heart is the fountaine of life Foure natural povvers The office of digestioÌ„ Howe affections are caused Cruditie hurtfull Oppilation and putrefaction the original cause of diseases What riott bringeth a man to Matth. 14 Iohn Baptist beheaded Disturbers of publique peace ought to be rooted out The fourme of a coÌ„mon wealth 1. Cor. 12. Members of mans body Li. 2. Dec. 1. No meÌ„ber in the whole body but it serueth to some necessary vse Signes wherby to know when a man is not wel at ease Vital spirite Northern people Lib. 1. Grosse blud Thin bloud WheÌ„ce the diuersitie of natures coÌ„meth RebellioÌ„ in the body Levvde thoughts Gen. 6. 8. Spirite animal 12. Meth. Erick kinge of Sweden Germans HollaÌ„ders Hollanders forgetful sleepie Old men children forgetfull Education altereth nature ZelaÌ„ders The nature of such as be borne and bred neere the Sea. Flemyngs Brabanders Italians Italians wil couertly beare a secret grudge in mynde a great while Pers Sat. 5 Englishmen Englishmen and Scottes haue greate stomacks angry Spaniardâ— Vir. lib. 4. A Enei Spaniardes haue good wittes Frenchmen Frenchmen prompt and ready witted Good diet holesome Ayre Spirite of Nature The Spirite of the Lord. Psalm 33 Genes 1. Iohn 1. Hexa lib. Gen. 1. Lib. 3. de Arte amaÌ„di Lib. 6. Fast Actes 17. Aratus in Pheno Angels Hebr. 1. Lares Good Angels Ill Angels DaemoÌ„ à sciendo 2. Para. 26 Hebr. 4. Psalm 7. How the deuil learneth the thoughts of meÌ„ One man a deuill to an other Matth. 4. 2. Cor. 12. Iob. 30. Howe farrâ— deuils are able to hurte vs. Humours giue occasion to vices Sapien. 1. Gen. 2. What the Holy Ghâ—â— worketh 〈◊〉 vs. Gal. 4. Rom. 8. Fayth bringeth forth workes De preparat EuaÌ„g lib. 1. Superstition Art. Poet. IuueÌ„ Saty 14 Tuscul 3. Rom. 10. Zeale withoute knowledge In Arte Poet. A Eneid lib. 1. IIII. ElemeÌ„tes TueÌ„d valet lib. 1. Meate and Ayre a like necessary The nature of seede and bloud Cause of talnesse â—â—ildren â—â—ulde not sâ—aÌ„ted of eâ—r victuâ— Naughty vnholesome meate spilleth nature Shorte stature how it commeth Olde age Death what it is Lustye olde age wherof it coÌ„meth â—hat maâ—th yonge â—e weake What thiÌ„gs are hurtfull to health Art. Poet. Iob. 14. Infancie Childhod Pubertie Adolescencie Youth MaÌ„s age Death to the faythful not to be feared The times of the yeare compared to the ages of man. Metam lib. 15. TraÌ„quillity and quietnes of mind Temperament Temperament Intemperatures Compound drouges named of
some one of the chiefest Ingredientes Polycleti Regula Lib. 20. Cap. 10. De Sacerd. De ratione concâ—onandi De Oratore Notes or markes of a body perfectly teÌ„perate Lib. 3. Ode 3. Rom. 8. Affections naturall A Enei 4. Iuuenal Sat. 10. The nature of Democritus and Hetaclitus Counterfaite gate Psalm 45. Christ a paterne of perfection Ioan. 1. Collos 2. Heb. 4. Ioan. 11. Christ voyd of all ill affections Collos 3. Heb. 13. Heb. 11. 1. Pet. 2. Hoate complexion Tokens of a hoate Complexion Degrees of heate in man. Black haytes Curled hayres Varietie diuersity of body Imagination VVomeÌ„s intemperaunce A true report Black hayre Yelovv Whyte Redde Lib. 2. de Temper Why children hâ—â—e no beaâ—des Much store of hayre how it commeth To make the bearde grow Women ful of hayres on their head Hayrie women lecherous Barenuesse inwomeÌ„ vnablenes in men to get ChildreÌ„ Heate causeth holdnes Lib. 11 Cap. 37 The suttlety of Aristomenes Iudie 15. 16. 1. Reg. 17. Iud. 3. Bold rashnes Vertues defaced and marred by vices Lib. 6. de Rep. Bigge voyce AEnei 1. Things not naturall Artis Medicae 85. Ayre Fulsome pestileÌ„t ayre more hurtful then pestilent meat Contraryes are remedied by their coÌ„traryes A Enei 10 Dogge-dayes Englande praysed for clenly trim minge their houses Learned me and aged greatly reuerenced in England Meate drincke Lib. 1 Cap. 3. Moyst nourishmeÌ„t fittest for children Lib. 2 de leg lib 1. de tuend Valetud Wyne hurt full to children Qualefiers and alâ—yers of the heate of bloud 〈…〉 Li. 1. Off. Ill customes must by little and litle be taken away Chaunge in olde men dauÌ„gerous Cicero in Senect Lib. 5. de tueÌ„d Val. The profite thâ—t coÌ„meth by exercise Order of exercise Slouthe and ease hurtful Aduertisement to the sâ—â—dious Horace in Arte Poet. Sortes of exercise FreÌ„ch king killed in runninge at the Tylt 1559. Gentler exercises Musick chereâ—h maketh meerie the mynd of man. De valet lib. 5. A fit exercise for crokebacked persons To try good horses RecreatioÌ„s not commeÌ„dable Husbandry praysed Heau sce 1. Act. 1. Saciety or fulnes of Stomacke to be eselievved Epidi 6. Aphor. 5. The harme of Venerie or Carnall CopulatioÌ„ BloudlettiÌ„g not rashlye to be enter pryled Bloud spirite the treasure of life Not good for men in health to vse medicine Vomite seldome to be prouoked De ratione vict lib. 1. When to vomite Eccle. 31. To what persons vomyting is hurtfull The commodities of sleepe epist. 4. The day appointed for labour and the night for rest Eight hours for Sleepe Sound Sleepers Whye children and Dronkerdes be sleepye Who bee soone awaked oute of sleepe Wylie winkers Catchpoles Iuuen. Sat. 1. Lib. 1. Amor. The maner howe to lye in bedde Lying vpon the backe very vnholsome dauÌ„gerous Sleeping in the day hurtfull The harmes of ouerwatching All meÌ„ subiect to affections The greate hurts of affections Angre Tuscul 5. Tranquility of mynde TemperaÌ„ce Goddes holye spirite subdueth qualy fieth outragyous affections Heate the stayer and maintener of lyfe Cold the decay spoile of life Cold coupled wyth heate In cold bodyes heate doth not altogether lacke Creatures in touching cold The bloude of Fishes is cold What sorts of fishes beinge taken oute of the water liue longest Eatynge of fishe hurtfull to them that are giuen to be solytarie Genes 1. Act. 10. 1. Tim. 4. Solytary lyuers subiect to the Apoplexie A Snayles life Venemous Herbes Eccle. 12. Tokens of a colde Complexion Idlenes maketh the body fat and cold Heate maketh good colour Cold wasteth and taketh awaye colour Wanne colour The hungry Sicknesse Cold things stirre vp appetite Cold persoÌ„s drowsie and vnweldie The help cure of a cold body Foules hard of digestion Meates fit for cold persons Gardeine store Hoat Condimentes If men bee loath to be sicke it followeth that they be loth to die Death dreadfull Sinne the cause of sicknes death Sap. 2. 2. Kindes of death De Senect To be long lyued Notes of a dry CoÌ„plexion Lib. 2. Metam Baldnes coÌ„meth for lacke of humour Dry brayne causeth ill Memory Good MeÌ„morye Restoringâ— of the memorye Galen lib. 5. de tuen Val. Lib. 6. de tuend val Hard wynes or of the second sort Mylke Herbes hauing vertue to make one to pisse Lib. 2. Sat. 4. Turpentine holesome Lib. 3. de tuen Val. lib. 5. tueÌ„ val PrepariÌ„g of TurpeÌ„tine To make Turpentine liquide and potable Sleepe Friction Lib. 2. de tuen Val. Sixe sorts of Frictions Lucae 7. Lib. 15. Artificiall Bath Naturall Bathes Carnal dealing wyth womeÌ„ very hurtfull to dry and cold complexioÌ„s Studying by night and Candlelight hurtful Bodelye health De tueÌ„d Valet Bodye and mynde sick and wel together â–ª A holesome exercise for students Moderate banquetting not discommeÌ„dable Recreation of the mynd Comelye mirth at the Table Sat. 1. Lib. Ser. 2. Sat. 2. Curiosity in searching to high miste-ries Eccle. 3. Eche thinge ought to be done in his due time right order Moyst CoÌ„plexion Heate in maÌ„ likened to the SuÌ„ne and moysture to the Moone The influeÌ„ce force of the Moone The tokens of a moyste body Graye eyes Moyst complexioÌ„s not geuen to be malicious spightful Moyste natures not fumish and testy Tokens of a moyst complexioned body Euery parte of the body is by it selfe seuerally to be considered hath his proper temperature The state of the mynde in moyst coÌ„plexions Why men be wyser then womeÌ„ Eccl. 42 Carnall lust in Sommer to meÌ„ hurtfull Rue prouoketh lust in women but taketh it vtterly awaye in men Diet meete for a moyst CoÌ„plexioÌ„ Diet ouer moyst hurtful Moderate sleepe good for moyst persons Moyst folks must sleepe but very litle Sat. 1. Lib. 2. Aphor. 44. Moystare feedeth nourisheth heate Accordinge to the nourishment that a maÌ„ is fed withall humours eyther encrese or diminish The grosse exhalacion of humours hurtfull to the minde as dead and fulsome wyne is to the body Concord harmony in mans body De Natu â–ª humana Humours after a sort are the elemeÌ„ts of man. Eunuch Act. 4. Scaen. 5. The force and vertue of Seede Sounde parents beget sound Children ElemeÌ„tes 4. Qualities 4. Humours 4. The nature of bloud Phlegme Choler MelaÌ„cholie In bloud all the other humous are mixed When a veine is opened all the humours are ocularly to be seene Humours haue both colour and tast Spettle and Sweat haue their force power of humours TueÌ„d Val Lib. 6. De TeÌ„p 1 Temperatures subiect to chasige Old men by nature dry but in conditioÌ„ moyst DissensioÌ„ diuersitie of opinions daungerous The profite of bloud Leuit. 17. The cause why Moses forbad the eating of Bloudâ— Bloude not rashlye nor vnaduisedly to be let WheÌ„ce thâ— Arteries Veynes spring The Lyuer the shop of Bloud The heart fountaine of bloud The colour sheweth what humours be in the body Tuend val lib. 4. Affectes of the mynde chaung the colour of the face and body 1.
Reg. 16. Philip king of Spaine A straunge example of a yongman sodainly become graye headed One sodainly gray headed Why some men euen sodainly are chaunged in Complex iâ—n and colour Imagination Luke 22. Feare of death more terrible theÌ„ death it self Who dye in maner with out paine The cause of fearefulnes when a man is in dauÌ„ger Lib. 3. Aeneid A wyseman sometime is put in â–ª feare AstonnishmeÌ„t of mind taketh away the feeling of pain Leuit. 19. Deut. 13. Dreames sometime sent from God. Cap. 2. Cap. 7. To what vse and purpose sleepe serueth The vertue and force of bloud as touching the framinge of the inwarde dispositioÌ„ maners of the mynde PersoÌ„s mere Sanguine for the most part starcke fooles CommeÌ„t 1. de nat human Man a Wolfe Mic. ca. 7. Man a Lyon Cap. 19. MaÌ„ an Ape Man a Foxe Children â–ª quick stirâ—â—nge and playing and the cause why Boylinge of bloud in youth like to spurging of newe wyne in the Tunne Playig with the heade what it signifyeth Sapien. 4. In Art. Poet. Lewd and ill disposed CouÌ„sellours do youth mutch harm Pers Sa. 5 Good counsell and vertuous education bringeth youth to goodnes Bloud vseth the helpe of other humours in framing the manners Difference betweene Sangâ—ine Cholerick Cholericke persoÌ„s great flouters SaÌ„guine curteous and myld natured Inciination of nature Best proportion measure of blod to other humours Horat. in Art Poet. Humours of more force then the plâ—nets Hor. lib. 1 epist. 2. Bloude eggeth a man to riot and wilfuines Ephemera or Diaria The English Sweate a kinde of the Ague Ephemera When the Sweatinge sicknes first began in Belgie Blinde Byards In what sort â—o sweat and how longe Englishmen subiect aboue other Countreyes to the swearinge sickenesse Iuuen. Sat. 5. Hoat and moyst ComplexioÌ„s subiect to putre faction Receiptes Laxatiue soluble Howe exercise is to be vsed The head taketh hurt by the disorder of the in feriour meÌ„bers Oppilation of the liuer from wheÌ„ce it coÌ„meth Tuend Val. 6. Wormwod holsome for the liuer Things puttinge away oppilation Harmes of Venetie carnall copulation Commodity of Venery Seede beiÌ„g corrupt is cause of much incoÌ„â—enience ModeratioÌ„ of Carnall dealinges Prou. 8. Whores in lecherous lust neuer satisfyed nor in rewards Art. Modic 86. Sperme or Seede Matth. 19 1. Cor. 7. Sapient 8 Continency and Chastity a speciall gift of God. Matth. 17 Phlegm the matter of Bloud The myxture of the Humours compared to wyne Mylke of Bloud The cause why Pytha goras Scholers woulde eate no Mylke Mylke in the breastes of yonge Children Kernellie fleshe as in the dugges Euery parte of the body hath his seueral vertue The vse and effect of Phlegme The place where Phlegme is Diseases ê“ocedinge of Phlegme Hora. lib. 1. epist. 1. The heâ—d Stomacke the engendrers coÌ„ceptacles of Phlegme The harmes of a bodye and of a Realm first beginne at the head Prou. 19. 17. A brawling wife is lyke the top of a house wher throughe it is euer dropping Diseases ê“ceedinge of Rewmes Catarthes DroÌ„ken meÌ„ stammer double in their speach Stammereâ—â— cannot speake softly Nature of persoÌ„s Phlegmatike What Beastes fowles fishes be holesomest to eate A dead Eâ—le floateth not aboue water why Notes of a cold and moyst body Whereof hoarie hayres come Hoaryneâ—â—e in meates Dreames shewe and bewray the disposition state CoÌ„plexion of the bodye Naturall Dreams interpretable Diuine Dreames Dreames of the Phlegmatick Leuit. 19. Deut. 13. Wee maye not rashlye credite all Dreames Pollution effluxion of Seede howe it hapneth Canis paneÌ„ somnians Cap. 29. A place of Esay expoâ—ded Tokens of a colde and moyst complexion Reason yelded howe these Prouerbes EmuÌ„cte naris Obesae naris first began Prayse of a Phlegmatike person Phlegmatik persoÌ„s must vse exercyse Lib. 1. Tuend Val. lib. 5. The Phlegmatik must vse light suppers Foure kinds and effectes of Phlegme Gal. de Plenit Sweete Phlegme Sower Phlegme Doggishe appetite Epiala Salte Phlegme Harmes of salt Phlegm Glassie or clammie Phlegme What parts of the body be subiect to Phlegme Vse of Clysters Heate dissolueth moysture euen as the SuÌ„ne doth yse All men in daunger to phlegme Crudlty engendreth Phlegme All thinges done by memory Memory resteth in the Braine Things hurtful to the Memory Carnal knowledge of women is a weakening to the body A dry brain hath litle remembrauÌ„ce A moyste braine vnhable to remember Old folk yonge Children haue ill memories but the reason of the one is contrary to the other Temperature of the braine the maintenaÌ„ce of Memory Memory the gifte of Nature and is by Arte holpen and made better The reason why childreÌ„ caÌ„ remeÌ„ber things long afore done The Nucha and nape of the necke must bee kept warm A maÌ„ would bee glad to forget some things Mans corrupt nature more prone to ill theÌ„ to good Themistocles wyshed to learn the art of forget fulnes Olde grudges are to be forgotteÌ„ Healthe the strengthe of the Memorye Crudity and surphet the spoylers of Memory Ad HereÌ„ Lib. 3. tit 7. Memorye greatly helped and preserued by lighte Suppers In som shauinge of the head is a helpinge to Memory in other some a hindraunce Shauinge of the Bearde helpeth Memory ThiÌ„gs good for the Memory Herbes that sharpen the witte Restoratiues and remedies for the Memory being empayred or decayed throgh coldnes moysture To restoare a Memorye seemig past all recouery Onyons ill both for the eyes Memory Lactuce dimmeth the sight Rapes very beneficial restoratiue â–ª for the eyes What sorts of Braynes be beste for Memory Washing of the head Coriander Conserue of Quinces Sweet smels coÌ„fortable to the spirits The confectioÌ„ of Anacardus good for the Memory To restoare speach To restoare the right vse of the toÌ„gue to them that haue the Apoplexie The vertue of Lignum Aloes A Cocke to crow continnally without ceassing All thinges subiect to chaunge A Cholerick man. Choler natural and besyde nature The office of Choler Anger what it is By what partes of the body Choler is purged Iaundice Wringynge of the small Gutts Notes wherby to know a hoate and dry CoÌ„plexion Virg. li. 4 Georg. Yealow hayre Redde beards Nature of Themistos cles Red beardâ— argueth not alwayes an ill disposed person Wylie Foxes Lib. 6. Sat. 3. Horat. in Art. Poet. Iuuen. Sat. 6. Pale or Citrine Choler Tertian Agues Burâ—ing Ageâ—es Lucan lib. 7. Cholericke folkes haue many dread full and terrible Dreames Howe to purge Choler Slepe whole som good for Cholericke folke Yolkie Choler Leekish or greeue Choler Lib. 2. praedict ca. 39 Rustie or Brassie Choler The Wolfe 〈◊〉 disease Virg. AEneid 1. Death Man subiect to many casualties What limitation oure prayers and wyshes ought to haue No man but is subiect to MelaÌ„choly Students muche troubled wyth MelaÌ„choly Two sorts of MelaÌ„choly Whereto MelaÌ„choly is like The taste relyce of MelaÌ„choly De locis affect lib. 3. cap. 5. The vse and Nature of the Mylt In curcul Act. 2. The Mylte hindereth agility and quicknes of body Mylt caÌ„not be taken away The Splene lykened to a Princes Exchequer or Treasury The Mylte causeth a maÌ„ to laugh be mery Wyne cheereth the hartes of them that bee seuere maketh them as merye as a Pye. What time Melancholike persons be out of measure mery Beste for grim and seuere folkes to vse mery company The souereigntye of the heart Cordati Socordes Vecordes Genes 3. Catiline 1. Reg. 20 Genes 4. Cain a patterne of desperation Gal. 3. Agreement betwene the Heart and the Braine The Gall is the fouÌ„teina of Anger Tâ—e Lyuer causeth lust and carnall desire The Mylte beinge in right case cause of myrthe and cherefulnes The Mylte affected maketh the mynde heauy and sad Perturbations of mind Diseases of the Splene Pers Sa. 4. Signes of a desteÌ„pered Brayne Tormentes of an vnquiet mynde Timon a hater of all men Iliad 3. Causes of MelaÌ„choly affections Torment of an vnquiet and guiltye conscience Saty. 〈◊〉 Remoâ—â—â— Consciâ—â— for wiâ—â— deedes Esay 〈◊〉 Despysinge of Gods word auenged and punished Esay 36 Leaning to a broken reede 4. Reg. 18. Ezech. 29. Deut. 28. Leuit. 26. Iere. 〈◊〉 Double câ—â—trition 1. Cor. 10. Notes of a cold drye ComplexioÌ„ PersoÌ„s Phâ—â—gmatick 〈◊〉 coloured Trophonius Denne S. Patrickes Purgatory Three sorts of vnnatural MelaÌ„choly The colâ—â— of Melaâ—â— choly enâ—â—â—med Signes of suche as bee subiecte to MelaÌ„choly StaÌ„meringe of tongue Melancholy hath some heate in it Melancholike persons fickle headed and vnconstant Affectes of Melancholie cold Doltishe or Asselike Melancholie The force of Melancholie much encreased Probl. sect 30. Quest 13. Sundry coÌ„ditions of Drouken folkes Sat. 10. Melancholyke folkes lecherous Drunkards in the act of generation very weake and feeble Lib. 1. Epist. 5. Lib. 2. epist. 2. Certaine historyes of Melancholike persons A notable story and reporte of a certaine Melancholike man. Such as hee sterued vp with famine elye vpoÌ„ the seueÌ„th day Slepe easeth the ydlenes of the brain or rauing Aneid 6. How to expunge and beat downe MelaÌ„choly Three sorts of MelaÌ„cholye WheÌ„ to let Melancholike persons bloud Good for Melancholike persons to bee laxatiue soluble Lib. 6. Aph. 48. Spirits shuffle themselues in amoÌ„g the humors Melancholy folkes must keepe them selues soluble Hare geeueth MelaÌ„cholike nourishment Hare the holesoÌ„â—er 〈◊〉 â—â—gâ—hly hunted Ahore good for manye purposes in Phisicke To eate a Hare a Prouerbe Moderate myrthe and baÌ„quetting stirreth vp a pleasaunt colour and reuiueth the Spirits The outvvard countenaunce of a man bewrayeth the inwarde affections of his mind Diet for Melancholicke persons Liquide meates do quickly non rish Such as bee subiecte to sicknes and quaisie must eate but little bread The cause that briÌ„geth a stronge breath Holesome exhortatioÌ„ Quietnes tranquillity of mynd maketh all in good order and frame Printed at London in Fleetstreete by Thomas Marsh 1576. Cum Priuilegio