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particular_a quality_n and_o of_o necessity_n m._n c._n must_v take_v the_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o unless_o he_o have_v a_o design_n to_o commence_v a_o suit_n against_o nature_n as_o well_o as_o against_o i_o if_o he_o therefore_o believe_v that_o a_o beast_n know_v the_o universal_a connexion_n of_o sweetness_n with_o goodness_n there_o be_v nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o a_o beast_n my_o deduce_v the_o propose_a consequence_n and_o conclude_v after_o have_v know_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v sweet_a that_o the_o thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v because_o he_o know_v that_o all_o what_o be_v sweet_a be_v good_a to_o eat_v after_o this_o manner_n will_v m._n c._n fall_v into_o the_o opinion_n which_o we_o maintain_v that_o beast_n reason_n although_o by_o another_o way_n for_o we_o believe_v it_o sufficient_a for_o they_o to_o know_v the_o particular_a connexion_n of_o sweetness_n with_o goodness_n to_o conclude_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v in_o effect_n if_o 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then_o may_v not_o that_o which_o it_o make_v be_v good_a m.c._n hereupon_o say_v that_o from_o that_o any_o sweet_a thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v it_o follow_v not_o that_o that_o be_v it_o it_o be_v true_a and_o i_o confess_v that_o beast_n sometime_o deceive_v themselves_o neither_o do_v i_o say_v their_o syllogism_n be_v demonstrative_a it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o they_o be_v probable_a and_o that_o common_o they_o make_v they_o to_o know_v the_o particular_a connexion_n which_o nature_n have_v place_v betwixt_o those_o two_o quality_n for_o by_o she_o they_o know_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v with_o as_o much_o certainty_n as_o all_o other_o sensible_a thing_n may_v be_v know_v it_o be_v certain_a they_o do_v not_o know_v that_o they_o know_v it_o for_o to_o know_v a_o thing_n and_o to_o know_v that_o one_o know_v it_o be_v two_o different_a thing_n although_o m._n c._n it_o seem_v have_v confound_v they_o to_o know_v that_o we_o know_v we_o must_v consider_v the_o general_a reason_n and_o the_o form_n of_o reason_v which_o we_o use_v in_o a_o word_n we_o must_v make_v a_o reflection_n on_o that_o knowledge_n which_o beast_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o but_o to_o know_v and_o to_o know_v a_o thing_n simple_o this_o be_v not_o necessary_a and_o its_o sufficient_a that_o the_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o it_o be_v like_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o present_v itself_o without_o examine_v the_o principle_n or_o the_o mean_n whereby_o we_o know_v it_o that_o sweetness_n can_v move_v the_o appetite_n until_o the_o imagination_n have_v judge_v it_o good_a after_o this_o m._n c._n make_v i_o three_o great_a question_n and_o ask_v i_o who_o can_v have_v tell_v i_o that_o beast_n do_v not_o eat_v before_o they_o make_v all_o these_o fair_a discourse_n that_o sweetness_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o move_v the_o appetite_n if_o the_o imagination_n know_v not_o that_o it_o be_v good_a to_o eat_v and_o that_o it_o make_v three_o different_a 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the_o appetite_n will_v eat_v it_o now_o the_o sense_n know_v not_o this_o goodness_n as_o m._n c._n confess_v present_o after_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v the_o imagination_n since_o the_o appetite_n afford_v no_o kind_n of_o knowledge_n certanly_n it_o will_v endanger_v those_o which_o will_v perceive_v how_o m._n c._n have_v abuse_v himself_o with_o such_o gross_a error_n to_o be_v scandalize_v with_o the_o reproach_n he_o make_v i_o that_o i_o only_o bring_v fair_a word_n to_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n without_o have_v trouble_v myself_o to_o uphold_v they_o with_o solid_a reason_n and_o perhaps_o some_o will_v say_v that_o he_o have_v use_v neither_o to_o destroy_v they_o and_o as_o there_o be_v more_o trouble_n to_o build_v then_o to_o ruin_n he_o have_v do_v wise_o to_o have_v establish_v nothing_o since_o he_o have_v succeed_v so_o ill_o in_o that_o which_o be_v most_o easy_a for_o my_o part_n all_o that_o i_o can_v say_v in_o this_o encounter_n be_v that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v content_v himself_o to_o have_v learn_v from_o all_o the_o man_n he_o have_v converse_v with_o that_o beast_n do_v not_o reason_n he_o ought_v also_o to_o have_v inform_v himself_o of_o the_o reason_n which_o they_o have_v to_o believe_v in_o and_o bold_o to_o have_v produce_v they_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o truth_n for_o the_o reputation_n of_o those_o with_o who_o he_o have_v speak_v and_o perhaps_o for_o the_o instruction_n of_o those_o to_o who_o he_o have_v not_o speak_v but_o what_o can_v he_o have_v bring_v a_o better_a reason_n to_o prove_v that_o beast_n reason_v not_o than_o the_o experience_n which_o he_o have_v make_v thereof_o in_o himself_o he_o have_v as_o he_o say_v examine_v the_o action_n of_o his_o sensitive_a appetite_n and_o after_o
a_o discourse_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o beast_n wherein_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v for_o and_o against_o their_o ratiocination_n be_v examine_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr chambre_fw-fr counsellor_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o his_o counsel_n and_o his_o physician_n in_o ordinary_a translate_v into_o english_a by_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n londonâ—rinted_a â—rinted_z by_o tho._n newcomb_n for_o humphrey_n mosele_n at_o the_o prince_n arm_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1657._o to_o the_o reader_n this_o discourse_n be_v itself_o a_o apology_n and_o needs_o no_o other_o it_o witness_v the_o author_n sufficient_o learn_v to_o vindicate_v himself_o from_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o those_o who_o may_v think_v he_o guilty_a neither_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o those_o who_o read_v he_o with_o judgement_n will_v rather_o submit_v then_o contest_v those_o truth_n which_o he_o advance_v and_o can_v but_o yield_v even_o to_o the_o probability_n of_o his_o paradox_n 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corporeal_a object_n to_o the_o necessity_n of_o life_n food_n and_o shelter_n it_o be_v only_o direct_v it_o be_v capable_a only_o of_o singular_n it_o be_v restrain_v to_o a_o opinative_a faculty_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a shadow_n of_o we_o much_o like_o that_o of_o our_o fantasy_n when_o we_o sleep_v so_o that_o they_o will_v have_v all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n to_o believe_v that_o this_o opinion_n raise_v the_o reason_n of_o man_n to_o make_v the_o difference_n real_o essential_a to_o a_o intellectual_a faculty_n which_o tend_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o divine_a thing_n and_o declare_v the_o soul_n potential_o to_o be_v a_o spirit_n so_o that_o what_o we_o call_v intelligence_n in_o angel_n we_o may_v just_o call_v intellectual_a reason_n in_o man_n which_o as_o it_o be_v inferior_a to_o that_o so_o it_o be_v superior_a to_o that_o of_o beast_n which_o be_v sensual_a and_o corporeal_a whilst_o his_o be_v altogether_o spiritual_a these_o two_o main_a objection_n be_v answer_v it_o remain_v only_o that_o we_o shall_v by_o authority_n vindicate_v it_o from_o novelty_n tiresias_n melampus_n and_o apollonius_n be_v say_v to_o have_v understand_v their_o very_a language_n plato_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o golden_a age_n man_n reap_v all_o their_o knowledge_n from_o communication_n with_o they_o and_o although_o the_o scripture_n tell_v we_o of_o some_o beast_n that_o have_v no_o understanding_n yet_o it_o send_v we_o for_o instruction_n to_o other_o and_o philosophy_n acknowledge_v to_o have_v learn_v from_o they_o many_o of_o her_o art_n and_o science_n they_o have_v instruct_v we_o in_o physic_n even_o in_o morality_n nay_o they_o have_v teach_v we_o piety_n porphyrius_n plutarch_n raymondus_n sebondus_fw-la for_o who_o also_o montaign_a in_o his_o essay_n have_v write_v a_o apology_n be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o our_o author_n and_o if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o reason_n of_o these_o and_o other_o learned_a man_n why_o they_o have_v allow_v reason_n to_o beast_n take_v these_o in_o brief_a that_o most_o animal_n have_v organ_n fit_a and_o faculty_n like_o we_o in_o anatomy_n the_o very_a cell_n of_o their_o brain_n nothing_o different_a that_o their_o industry_n not_o only_o equal_v but_o often_o surpass_v that_o of_o man_n essence_n and_o property_n be_v know_v but_o by_o effect_n it_o be_v not_o more_o reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o beast_n do_v reasonable_a thing_n have_v a_o reasonable_a faculty_n then_o to_o affirm_v that_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o reasonable_a because_o beast_n have_v not_o a_o reasonable_a faculty_n the_o effect_n appear_v the_o power_n be_v occult_a that_o they_o seek_v necessary_n without_o be_v instruct_v and_o of_o themselves_o invent_v the_o mean_n to_o acquire_v they_o that_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o discipline_n even_o contrary_a to_o their_o own_o nature_n that_o most_o of_o they_o can_v discern_v thing_n and_o can_v accommodate_v themselves_o to_o time_n place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n and_o according_o operate_v diverse_o so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o that_o they_o act_n formal_o for_o some_o end_n and_o know_v both_o that_o as_o the_o end_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o attain_v it_o as_o mean_n nay_o more_o that_o they_o tend_v to_o a_o felicity_n proportionable_a to_o their_o nature_n pleasure_n be_v their_o high_a good_a and_o grief_n their_o extremity_n of_o ill_a to_o conclude_v the_o great_a difficulty_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o term_n those_o who_o call_v it_o instinct_n can_v deny_v but_o it_o act_v with_o reason_n and_o those_o that_o allow_v they_o reason_n deny_v it_o to_o be_v intellectual_a now_o if_o you_o require_v example_n out_o of_o history_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n if_o pliny_n elephant_n repeat_v his_o lesson_n in_o the_o moonshine_n be_v not_o to_o be_v credit_v nor_o ptolemy_n stag_n who_o understand_v greek_n nor_o plutarch_n dog_n who_o can_v counterfeit_v rhe_n very_a convulsion_n of_o death_n nor_o that_o goose_n which_o be_v disciple_n to_o a_o philosopher_n what_o shall_v we_o say_v to_o a_o ape_n that_o can_v play_v at_o chess_n or_o of_o another_o that_o have_v learn_v some_o touch_n upon_o the_o guitar_n but_o let_v who_o will_v judge_v of_o francis_n the_o first_o be_v dog_n that_o king_n have_v lose_v his_o glove_n as_o he_o be_v hunt_v and_o have_v send_v he_o in_o search_n of_o it_o and_o he_o after_o a_o tedious_a inquiry_n return_v without_o it_o be_v remand_v by_o his_o master_n run_v direct_o to_o paris_n and_o leap_v up_o at_o a_o stall_n where_o he_o have_v former_o observe_v glove_n hang_v out_o and_o tear_n down_o a_o pair_n and_o carry_v they_o three_o league_n back_o again_o to_o the_o king_n let_v they_o i_o say_v judge_n whether_o this_o action_n be_v not_o from_o discourse_n sure_o i_o be_o it_o can_v not_o be_v from_o his_o scent_n if_o you_o desire_v more_o fit_a example_n more_o pregnant_a reason_n
know_v this_o be_v practise_v also_o when_o in_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o soul_n the_o imagination_n be_v oppose_v to_o the_o appetite_n even_o as_o we_o oppose_v the_o understanding_n to_o the_o will._n for_o its_o certain_a that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o imagination_n &_o the_o understanding_n comprehend_v all_o the_o know_a faculty_n as_o the_o appetite_n and_o the_o will_v express_v all_o the_o motive_n faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n howsoever_o it_o be_v by_o the_o word_n imagination_n i_o here_o understand_v the_o sensitive_a faculty_n which_o know_v the_o thing_n without_o specify_v any_o of_o its_o difference_n the_o examen_fw-la whereof_o conduce_v nothing_o to_o my_o design_n i_o be_o also_o to_o add_v to_o this_o advertisement_n that_o the_o division_n of_o the_o chapter_n and_o article_n be_v make_v after_o the_o work_n be_v end_v for_o it_o interrupt_v not_o the_o sequel_n of_o my_o discourse_n and_o require_v not_o those_o great_a pawse_n which_o in_o other_o matter_n be_v requisite_a the_o critic_n also_o who_o be_v oblige_v in_o a_o continual_a combat_n can_v regular_fw-la his_o quarter_n as_o a_o army_n will_v do_v which_o have_v no_o enemy_n before_o they_o without_o stop_v it_o pursue_v its_o adversary_n and_o give_v he_o no_o release_n till_o it_o have_v vanquish_v he_o it_o be_v thus_o that_o i_o have_v behave_v myself_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o my_o disputation_n not_o mind_v the_o division_n of_o my_o work_n into_o so_o many_o section_n but_o because_o a_o long_a discourse_n without_o any_o disturb_v the_o mind_n and_o eye_n of_o a_o reader_n i_o afterward_o advise_v with_o myself_o to_o make_v some_o and_o to_o place_v those_o thing_n in_o the_o title_n which_o i_o esteem_v most_o remarkable_a that_o at_o first_o sight_n the_o reader_n may_v choose_v those_o subject_n which_o may_v be_v most_o please_v to_o he_o without_o ingage_a himself_n in_o other_o which_o be_v not_o according_a to_o his_o gust_n but_o as_o this_o manner_n of_o read_v will_v be_v more_o advantageous_a to_o he_o then_o to_o i_o and_o may_v leave_v he_o some_o doubt_n which_o may_v make_v he_o have_v a_o ill_a opinion_n of_o my_o reason_n i_o shall_v beg_v thus_o far_o from_o he_o that_o he_o will_v not_o condemn_v they_o until_o he_o have_v read_v the_o whole_a work_n and_o without_o have_v examine_v the_o principle_n &_o foundation_n which_o i_o have_v therein_o establish_v and_o then_o if_o he_o can_v approve_v they_o i_o shall_v condemn_v they_o myself_o and_o employ_v their_o excuse_n which_o the_o weakness_n of_o humane_a mind_n and_o the_o difficulty_n there_o be_v to_o penetrate_v into_o secret_n of_o nature_n furnish_v they_o withal_o who_o have_v recourse_n thereunto_o for_o the_o rest_n what_o be_v print_v in_o a_o great_a italian_a letter_n at_o the_o head_n of_o every_o part_n be_v the_o abridgement_n of_o my_o first_o discourse_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o beast_n the_o figure_n in_o the_o margin_n design_v the_o page_n of_o m._n c_n book_n out_o of_o which_o i_o have_v draw_v those_o proposition_n which_o i_o examine_v that_o the_o imagination_n form_v the_o image_n of_o thing_n and_o that_o its_o there_o wherein_o the_o first_o knowledge_n consist_v the_o first_o part_n in_o consider_v the_o order_n which_o god_n have_v establish_v through_o the_o whole_a universe_n where_o the_o less_o noble_a thing_n serve_v for_o the_o degree_n whereby_o we_o rise_v to_o the_o most_o excellent_a and_o all_o of_o they_o have_v some_o begining_n of_o that_o perfection_n which_o be_v more_o full_a and_o perfect_a in_o these_o a_o man_n may_v easy_o persuade_v himself_o that_o since_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o reasonable_a such_o a_o progress_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v in_o their_o knowledge_n that_o the_o first_o may_v be_v address_n to_o the_o latter_a and_o that_o the_o action_n of_o the_o understanding_n may_v have_v their_o beginning_n to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v roughcast_n in_o those_o of_o the_o imagination_n and_o to_o speak_v it_o in_o one_o word_n since_o the_o understanding_n know_v thing_n that_o it_o judge_v of_o they_o and_o draw_v consequence_n from_o they_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v something_o do_v in_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o first_o draught_n of_o those_o action_n and_o in_o which_o some_o image_n and_o some_o vestige_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o effect_v it_o conceive_v thing_n it_o judge_v whether_o they_o be_v good_a or_o ill_a and_o conclude_v either_o to_o follow_v or_o to_o fly_v they_o and_o to_o perform_v these_o action_n it_o use_v the_o same_o way_n as_o the_o understanding_n do_v for_o as_o it_o judge_v and_o reason_v by_o unite_n thing_n which_o be_v divide_v and_o by_o divide_v those_o which_o be_v unite_v it_o do_v nothing_o but_o unite_v and_o separate_v the_o image_n of_o object_n to_o judge_v of_o what_o be_v good_a or_o ill_a for_o the_o animal_n it_o be_v true_a that_o she_o do_v it_o very_o imperfect_o both_o because_o her_o power_n be_v of_o no_o great_a extent_n and_o because_o her_o knowledge_n be_v as_o the_o first_o sight_n wherewith_o the_o soul_n view_v thing_n and_o the_o first_o essay_n she_o make_v to_o discern_v they_o but_o to_o understand_v this_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o see_v how_o the_o imagination_n know_v action_n that_o knowledge_n be_v a_o action_n and_o how_o far_o its_o knowledge_n may_v arrive_v have_v therefore_o presuppose_v that_o knowledge_n be_v the_o only_a function_n of_o the_o reasonable_a and_o sensitive_a soul_n forasmuch_o as_o to_o be_v sensible_a to_o conceive_v to_o judge_v and_o to_o reason_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o know_v i_o have_v from_o thence_o infer_v that_o since_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v below_o they_o have_v the_o virtue_n of_o operate_a they_o also_o must_v needs_o have_v it_o and_o consequent_o that_o knowledge_n which_o be_v their_o only_a function_n be_v a_o action_n so_o that_o those_o who_o say_v that_o the_o sense_n know_v not_o their_o object_n but_o by_o receive_v their_o image_n and_o that_o sensation_n be_v a_o pure_a passion_n place_v the_o sensitive_a soul_n below_o all_o corporal_a thing_n and_o destroy_v ever_o the_o nature_n of_o knowledge_n which_o be_v even_o place_v in_o the_o rank_n of_o vital_a action_n image_n this_o action_n be_v a_o production_n of_o the_o image_n now_o because_o knowledge_n can_v be_v otherwise_o conceive_v but_o as_o a_o representation_n of_o the_o object_n which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o mind_n if_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n know_v and_o if_o to_o know_v be_v to_o operate_v it_o of_o necessity_n must_v present_v itself_o with_o the_o object_n and_o because_o it_o can_v otherwise_o represent_v a_o thing_n but_o by_o form_v its_o picture_n it_o follow_v that_o in_o know_v thing_n it_o form_n picture_n and_o image_n of_o they_o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o action_n which_o may_v be_v attribute_v unto_o it_o proportionable_a to_o the_o perfection_n and_o excellency_n of_o its_o nature_n to_o confirm_v this_o truth_n we_o have_v in_o pursuit_n show_v action_n their_o image_n be_v different_a from_o the_o action_n that_o these_o image_n ought_v to_o be_v different_a from_o those_o which_o come_v from_o without_o 1._o reason_n because_o these_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o make_v the_o representation_n wherein_o the_o knowledge_n consist_v since_o they_o subsist_v only_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o object_n and_o that_o the_o soul_n forbear_v not_o to_o represent_v they_o although_o they_o be_v absent_a 2_o reas_n because_o those_o which_o the_o understanding_n use_v be_v different_a from_o those_o which_o the_o imagination_n and_o the_o sense_n may_v furnish_v and_o since_o it_o form_v they_o to_o its_o self_n the_o imagination_n ought_v to_o do_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n 3_o reas_n forasmuch_o as_o sensible_a image_n represent_v only_o the_o accident_n and_o that_o the_o imagination_n must_v not_o only_o know_v the_o sensible_a accident_n but_o the_o sensible_a body_n and_o so_o the_o image_n it_o form_n represent_v both_o the_o accident_n and_o subject_a once_o together_o subject_n their_o image_n represent_v the_o accident_n and_o their_o subject_n this_o latter_a proposition_n which_o ought_v to_o serve_v as_o a_o principle_n to_o show_v the_o impotency_n which_o the_o imagination_n have_v to_o make_v abstract_n and_o universal_a notion_n be_v maintain_v by_o four_o reason_n the_o first_o that_o the_o imagination_n be_v a_o power_n bury_v in_o the_o matter_n aught_o to_o have_v a_o object_n of_o the_o same_o gender_n and_o a_o action_n which_o terminate_v in_o a_o thing_n which_o in_o some_o manner_n may_v be_v as_o that_o be_v compose_v the_o second_o that_o be_v destine_v to_o represent_v sensible_a thing_n and_o have_v no_o other_o virtue_n but_o to_o make_v picture_n and_o image_n thereof_o it_o ought_v to_o represent_v they_o all_o
for_o the_o proposition_n which_o he_o will_v ruin_v be_v place_v at_o the_o entry_n of_o my_o discourse_n but_o as_o a_o pleasant_a avenue_n or_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o architecture_n which_o make_v no_o part_n of_o the_o edifice_n which_o i_o will_v build_v in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v the_o preface_n of_o my_o work_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o decide_v the_o question_n i_o be_v to_o discourse_v but_o only_o to_o prepare_v the_o reader_n mind_n and_o to_o give_v he_o some_o suspicion_n and_o some_o conjecture_n of_o that_o truth_n which_o i_o will_v show_v he_o neither_o be_v it_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o rank_n of_o those_o proof_n which_o i_o have_v employ_v to_o establish_v it_o although_o i_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v forget_v it_o have_v i_o make_v a_o fundamental_a reason_n of_o it_o as_o m._n c_o imagine_v for_o although_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a yet_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o persuade_v all_o kind_n of_o mind_n and_o i_o very_o evident_o foresee_v that_o the_o application_n i_o must_v have_v make_v thereof_o may_v have_v be_v contest_v after_o all_o if_o i_o shall_v have_v use_v it_o as_o a_o necessary_a principle_n to_o my_o design_n i_o will_v not_o have_v propose_v it_o naked_a and_o simple_a as_o i_o do_v i_o will_v have_v maintain_v it_o with_o reason_n and_o with_o a_o induction_n which_o may_v have_v convince_v those_o who_o will_v have_v doubt_v of_o it_o this_o have_v be_v nothing_o difficult_a for_o i_o to_o have_v do_v since_o philosophy_n teach_v we_o that_o in_o all_o the_o order_n of_o thing_n there_o be_v ever_o one_o first_o which_o possess_v in_o perfection_n that_o nature_n whereon_o the_o order_n be_v establish_v and_o that_o all_o those_o which_o be_v inferior_a to_o it_o have_v only_a portion_n of_o it_o which_o be_v great_a or_o lesser_a as_o they_o draw_v near_o or_o be_v estrange_v far_o from_o it_o so_o fire_n be_v the_o first_o among_o hot_a body_n heaven_n among_o the_o diaphanous_a the_o sun_n among_o the_o luminous_a and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v in_o the_o sovereign_a degree_n that_o quality_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o foundation_n of_o that_o order_n wherein_o they_o be_v all_o that_o be_v under_o have_v it_o more_o or_o less_o weaken_v it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o quality_n only_o wherein_o this_o disposition_n be_v to_o be_v find_v it_o be_v remarkable_a even_o in_o the_o essence_n and_o in_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o thing_n for_o there_o be_v a_o first_o be_v which_o possess_v all_o the_o extent_n and_o all_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o which_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o little_a portion_n which_o be_v still_o diminish_v to_o the_o very_a matter_n which_o be_v almost_o a_o nothing_o and_o a_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la the_o platonic_a philosophy_n be_v full_a of_o these_o consideration_n it_o acknowledge_v a_o first_o one_o a_o first_o good_a and_o a_o first_o fair_a of_o which_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o participation_n aristotle_n even_o will_v that_o in_o the_o order_n of_o substance_n there_o be_v some_o more_o substance_n than_o the_o rest_n that_o form_n be_v more_o than_o matter_n that_o the_o first_o be_v more_o than_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o second_o and_o to_o draw_v near_o to_o our_o subject_n there_o be_v no_o faculty_n in_o live_v and_o animate_v thing_n which_o enter_v into_o order_n wherein_o the_o same_o participation_n be_v not_o observable_a there_o be_v plant_n which_o nourish_v which_o increase_n and_o multiply_v some_o more_o than_o other_o and_o those_o who_o know_v their_o nature_n well_o may_v see_v that_o the_o most_o perfect_a in_o every_o kind_n have_v that_o virtue_n which_o be_v fit_a for_o it_o in_o a_o sovereign_a degree_n what_o inequality_n will_v not_o be_v find_v in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o sense_n if_o we_o will_v measure_v the_o difference_n which_o there_o be_v among_o animal_n for_o the_o sight_n from_o the_o mole_n to_o the_o eagle_n for_o smell_v from_o infect_v to_o the_o dog_n for_o touch_v from_o sponge_n or_o if_o you_o will_v from_o the_o sensitive_a plant_n to_o man_n and_o so_o of_o all_o other_o animal_n virtue_n in_o fine_a he_o who_o will_v consider_v all_o the_o gender_n of_o thing_n he_o will_v find_v some_o species_n which_o be_v as_o bond_n which_o unite_v they_o together_o and_z as_o step_n which_o insensible_o lead_v from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o for_o among_o stone_n and_o plant_n there_o be_v stone-plant_n find_v among_o plant_n and_o animal_n there_o be_v the_o zoophytes_n among_o fish_n and_o terrestrial_a creature_n we_o find_v the_o amphibious_a so_o far_o that_o even_o to_o preserve_v this_o order_n there_o must_v often_o have_v be_v species_n in_o some_o sort_n monstrous_a to_o place_n among_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o opposite_a such_o be_v the_o bat_n among_o bird_n and_o fourfooted_a beast_n for_o it_o be_v a_o monstrous_a bird_n which_o have_v neither_o feather_n nor_o bill_n which_o have_v tooth_n and_o breast_n and_o which_o go_v on_o four_o foot_n although_o it_o have_v but_o two_o such_o be_v the_o triton_n among_o aquatic_a creature_n and_o man_n such_o also_o betwixt_o he_o and_o terrestrial_a animal_n be_v the_o guinny_n monkey_n call_v banis_n and_o a_o thousand_o such_o like_a which_o may_v be_v observe_v run_v over_o all_o the_o species_n which_o be_v in_o the_o universe_n all_o which_o evident_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v a_o law_n which_o nature_n have_v impose_v to_o make_v a_o essay_n of_o her_o work_n in_o the_o mean_a thing_n that_o she_o may_v complete_a they_o in_o the_o high_a and_o that_o in_o those_o she_o may_v put_v the_o beginning_n of_o that_o virtue_n which_o she_o intend_v perfect_a in_o these_o which_o be_v so_o have_v not_o i_o reason_n to_o leave_v this_o suspicion_n in_o the_o reader_n mind_n that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v in_o that_o of_o reason_v and_o since_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o reasonable_a and_o even_o therein_o there_o must_v be_v some_o vestige_n and_o some_o roughcasts_a of_o reason_n which_o be_v perfect_a in_o this_o at_o all_o adventure_n it_o be_v a_o proposition_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v good_a by_o the_o proof_n i_o be_v to_o make_v of_o the_o reason_n of_o beast_n and_o i_o shall_v have_v be_v guilty_a to_o have_v suppress_v it_o since_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o new_a example_n to_o confirm_v that_o fair_a disposition_n which_o the_o wisdom_n and_o providence_n of_o god_n have_v establish_v in_o the_o world_n so_o that_o m._n c._n have_v not_o only_o gross_o abuse_v himself_o when_o he_o do_v believe_v that_o i_o make_v it_o the_o foundation_n of_o my_o proof_n but_o even_o also_o when_o he_o will_v accuse_v it_o of_o falseness_n since_o he_o know_v not_o the_o use_n i_o have_v destine_v it_o unto_o and_o that_o he_o produce_v no_o reason_n which_o may_v convince_v it_o of_o error_n he_o say_v well_o p_o 41._o that_o there_o be_v a_o thousand_o most_o excellent_a faculty_n in_o mineral_n the_o least_o tract_n of_o which_o appear_v not_o in_o the_o element_n that_o nourishment_n and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o vegetation_n be_v complete_a in_o plant_n and_o be_v not_o begin_v in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v inferior_a to_o they_o that_o sight_n memory_n and_o imagination_n be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o animal_n but_o all_o this_o make_v nothing_o against_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n when_o it_o assure_v that_o the_o low_a thing_n have_v the_o beginning_n of_o that_o perfection_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o high_a this_o aught_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o those_o which_o be_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o order_n and_o which_o consequent_o have_v a_o virtue_n or_o a_o nature_n common_a among_o themselves_o for_o all_o thing_n be_v not_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o order_n and_o as_o many_o different_a virtue_n as_o there_o be_v and_o several_a nature_n which_o may_v be_v common_a so_o many_o several_a order_n of_o thing_n there_o be_v such_o as_o that_o be_v of_o body_n diaphanous_a luminous_a &c_n &c_n there_o be_v without_o doubt_n in_o the_o mineral_n quality_n which_o be_v common_a with_o the_o element_n and_o which_o consequent_o make_v a_o order_n among_o themselves_o as_o be_v hardness_n weight_n and_o such_o like_a but_o there_o be_v those_o also_o which_o be_v particular_a unto_o they_o and_o the_o order_n which_o be_v find_v in_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o gender_n of_o mineral_n but_o it_o be_v always_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n we_o have_v observe_v for_o gold_n for_o example_n possess_v the_o metallick_n nature_n in_o perfection_n and_o all_o other_o metal_n have_v but_o their_o portion_n great_a or_o lesser_a as_o they_o be_v near_o or_o far_o
when_o she_o be_v to_o make_v the_o picture_n of_o a_o man_n it_o must_v paint_v his_o soul_n and_o his_o most_o hide_a faculty_n i_o grant_v he_o not_o only_o that_o the_o picture_n represent_v the_o thing_n all_o entire_a for_o that_o unless_o it_o be_v entire_a it_o be_v not_o the_o thing_n it_o ought_v to_o represent_v but_o it_o follow_v not_o from_o thence_o that_o the_o picture_n ought_v to_o represent_v the_o soul_n and_o the_o faculty_n of_o man_n forasmuch_o as_o that_o make_v no_o part_n of_o what_o it_o ought_v to_o represent_v if_o he_o have_v show_v that_o the_o picture_n ought_v true_o to_o have_v represent_v man_n certain_o it_o be_v oblige_v to_o paint_v his_o soul_n and_o his_o body_n since_o man_n be_v compose_v of_o they_o both_o and_o if_o we_o say_v that_o it_o represent_v man_n it_o be_v but_o by_o accident_n and_o because_o the_o understanding_n supply_v the_o deficiency_n the_o nature_n of_o man_n represent_v to_o he_o that_o which_o art_n furnish_v he_o withal_o only_o in_o figure_n it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o the_o know_a faculty_n which_o be_v as_o the_o natural_a picture_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o which_o by_o a_o art_n if_o we_o may_v so_o say_v more_o excellent_a than_o all_o those_o which_o man_n have_v invent_v have_v the_o power_n to_o represent_v the_o very_a substance_n of_o their_o object_n the_o defect_n then_o which_o be_v in_o m._n c._n his_o consequence_n come_v from_o that_o he_o take_v the_o word_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o general_a signification_n although_o i_o have_v restrain_v it_o to_o a_o certain_a gender_n and_o as_o the_o logician_n speak_v he_o change_v the_o supposition_n and_o from_o a_o term_n which_o be_v distribute_v he_o make_v a_o distributive_a but_o not_o to_o weigh_v too_o exact_o what_o he_o speak_v but_o in_o raillery_n let_v we_o observe_v his_o other_o answer_n which_o explicate_v his_o true_a sentiment_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o imagination_n be_v altogether_o representative_a he_o say_v that_o the_o imagination_n move_v the_o appetite_n and_o therefore_o that_o its_o nature_n be_v not_o altogether_o representative_a and_o i_o deny_v this_o consequence_n although_o i_o agree_v with_o he_o in_o the_o antecedent_n for_o the_o imagination_n move_v not_o the_o appetite_n but_o by_o represent_v unto_o it_o those_o thing_n to_o which_o it_o ought_v to_o bear_v itself_o and_o to_o speak_v proper_o it_o be_v not_o move_v it_o be_v rather_o that_o which_o move_v itself_o in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o judgement_n it_o make_v as_o for_o the_o virtue_n which_o m.c._n give_v it_o by_o which_o he_o pretend_v that_o in_o nature_n be_v not_o at_o all_o representative_a we_o have_v already_o answer_v this_o objection_n pag._n 22._o as_o well_o as_o to_o what_o he_o add_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o external_a sense_n be_v as_o much_o or_o more_o representative_a as_o the_o imagination_n for_o if_o by_o the_o external_a sense_n he_o understand_v the_o sensitive_a faculty_n which_o be_v in_o the_o organ_n it_o be_v not_o more_o nor_o less_o representative_a than_o the_o imagination_n since_o its_o the_o same_o thing_n he_o may_v remember_v that_o i_o have_v express_o mark_v that_o by_o the_o word_n imagination_n i_o comprehend_v all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n which_o form_n knowledge_n for_o although_o the_o sense_n of_o that_o word_n have_v not_o in_o common_a discourse_n so_o large_a a_o extent_n as_o i_o have_v give_v it_o yet_o after_o i_o have_v explicate_v it_o clear_o enough_o there_o remain_v nothing_o of_o a_o equivoke_v and_o since_o the_o question_n be_v of_o thing_n and_o not_o of_o word_n which_o serve_v only_o but_o as_o they_o be_v value_v m._n c._n aught_o rather_o to_o have_v comprehend_v the_o thing_n of_o which_o i_o speak_v then_o to_o have_v popose_v his_o gainsaying_n 182._o the_o imagination_n be_v more_o representative_a than_o the_o sensible_a species_n 182._o at_o last_o he_o object_n against_o we_o that_o the_o visible_a species_n be_v more_o representative_a than_o the_o imagination_n and_o that_o she_o represent_v the_o object_n more_o perfect_o than_o the_o phantasm_n which_o be_v in_o the_o memory_n it_o be_v what_o he_o shall_v have_v prove_v for_o if_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o imagination_n represent_v not_o the_o subject_a of_o the_o accident_n he_o suppose_v what_o be_v in_o question_n and_o if_o he_o will_v confess_v that_o she_o do_v represent_v they_o he_o must_v also_o confess_v that_o the_o phantasm_n represent_v the_o thing_n more_o imperfect_o than_o the_o visible_a species_n since_o they_o represent_v only_o the_o accident_n and_o that_o represent_v the_o accident_n and_o the_o subject_a together_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o word_n to_o represent_v be_v take_v active_o when_o we_o employ_v it_o about_o the_o imagination_n and_o signify_v the_o same_o with_o make_v the_o picture_n now_o if_o this_o be_v so_o the_o species_n represent_v it_o not_o in_o that_o sense_n since_o they_o make_v not_o the_o picture_n and_o that_o themselves_o be_v the_o picture_n of_o thing_n and_o therefore_o m._n c._n deceive_v himself_o when_o he_o will_v compare_v they_o with_o the_o imagination_n which_o make_v the_o picture_n and_o image_n of_o thing_n that_o if_o he_o will_v compare_v they_o only_o with_o the_o phantasm_n he_o must_v abandon_v the_o one_o half_a of_o his_o proposition_n and_o for_o the_o rest_n he_o must_v save_v himself_o from_o the_o dilemma_n we_o have_v now_o make_v he_o the_o three_o reason_n we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o show_v that_o the_o imagination_n represent_v somewhat_o beside_o the_o accident_n be_v substance_n reas_n 3._o because_o the_o understanding_n can_v form_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o substance_n that_o if_o in_o some_o manner_n it_o do_v not_o represent_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o object_n the_o understanding_n will_v find_v no_o ground_n for_o those_o knowledge_n in_o the_o phantasm_n it_o represent_v for_o after_o have_v separate_v all_o accident_n from_o it_o there_o will_v remain_v nothing_o whereupon_o it_o can_v form_v the_o idea_n of_o its_o substance_n whereupon_o m._n c._n say_v that_o i_o shall_v have_v add_v that_o the_o understanding_n can_v not_o know_v universal_a thing_n do_v not_o the_o phantasm_n represent_v the_o universality_n neither_o will_v it_o know_v man_n do_v not_o the_o imagination_n form_n a_o spiritual_a image_n of_o his_o soul_n i_o be_o much_o oblige_v to_o he_o for_o the_o advice_n he_o give_v i_o but_o the_o law_n of_o logic_n defend_v i_o the_o use_v thereof_o and_o teach_v i_o that_o when_o a_o man_n change_v the_o term_n of_o a_o proposition_n which_o he_o will_v bring_v to_o a_o absurdity_n he_o labour_v in_o vain_a and_o can_v conclude_v nothing_o at_o all_o see_v i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o understanding_n will_v have_v nothing_o whereupon_o to_o form_v the_o idea_n of_o its_o substance_n do_v not_o the_o phantasm_n in_o some_o fort_n represent_v the_o substance_n all_o what_o m._n c._n can_v legitimate_o infer_v be_v that_o the_o understanding_n can_v have_v nothing_o on_o which_o it_o can_v form_v the_o idea_n of_o universal_a thing_n do_v not_o the_o phantasm_n in_o some_o sort_n represent_v unto_o it_o universal_a thing_n and_o then_o although_o the_o consequence_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o first_o intention_n to_o the_o second_o be_v common_o captious_a yet_o i_o shall_v free_o have_v consent_v herein_o without_o fear_v any_o inconvenience_n because_o that_o i_o can_v maintain_v that_o universal_a nature_n be_v all_o in_o every_o of_o their_o individual_n not_o formal_o and_o precise_o as_o they_o say_v but_o nevertheless_o real_o so_o that_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o phantasm_n may_v represent_v such_o a_o animal_n it_o may_v also_o in_o some_o manner_n represent_v the_o universal_a nature_n of_o that_o animal_n but_o i_o will_v not_o engage_v myself_o in_o the_o combat_n which_o the_o school_n make_v on_o this_o subject_n and_o that_o i_o may_v no_o long_o contest_v with_o m._n c._n i_o shall_v grant_v that_o the_o understanding_n know_v thing_n which_o be_v not_o represent_v in_o the_o phantasm_n oblique_a the_o understanding_n have_v knowledge_n direct_v and_o oblique_a and_o that_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o discourse_n he_o make_v and_o the_o consequence_n he_o deduce_v he_o discover_v in_o the_o object_n of_o nature_n and_o virtue_n whereof_o the_o imagination_n give_v he_o no_o notice_n but_o it_o follow_v not_o from_o thence_o that_o it_o know_v all_o thing_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n beside_o these_o knowledge_n which_o be_v oblique_a there_o be_v those_o which_o be_v direct_v and_o intuitive_a whereby_o it_o see_v and_o know_v thing_n as_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o sense_n and_o do_v not_o the_o phantasm_n express_v it_o it_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o by_o the_o way_n of_o knowledge_n
if_o this_o be_v thus_o as_o no_o man_n need_v doubt_n m._n c._n can_v draw_v no_o advantage_n from_o what_o he_o have_v oppose_v for_o be_v it_o true_a that_o the_o understanding_n know_v universal_a and_o spiritual_a thing_n without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o imagination_n it_o will_v not_o from_o thence_o follow_v that_o he_o do_v know_v the_o substance_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n since_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o knowledge_n whereby_o it_o may_v know_v it_o in_o effect_v the_o imagination_n conceive_v what_o be_v hot_a what_o be_v animate_v and_o there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n when_o a_o beast_n see_v another_o animal_n that_o it_o conceive_v only_o the_o colour_n the_o figure_n and_o the_o motion_n which_o it_o perceive_v therein_o but_o it_o conceive_v somewhat_o which_o have_v all_o those_o accident_n and_o this_o can_v but_o be_v the_o substance_n which_o in_o man_n serve_v for_o the_o object_n to_o the_o direct_a knowledge_n of_o the_o understanding_n for_o in_o separate_v all_o the_o accident_n which_o the_o imagination_n confound_v he_o at_o last_o discover_v that_o thing_n which_o be_v void_a of_o those_o accident_n so_o that_o a_o man_n can_v say_v he_o do_v it_o afresh_o no_o more_o than_o he_o who_o find_v a_o treasure_n make_v the_o treasure_n by_o dig_v the_o earth_n and_o put_v by_o what_o hide_v it_o in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o discovery_n the_o understanding_n employ_v its_o oblique_a knowledge_n and_o by_o several_a relation_n and_o divers_a induction_n which_o it_o make_v he_o add_v to_o this_o substance_n other_o notion_n which_o be_v not_o true_o represent_v in_o the_o phantasm_n as_o universality_n spirituality_n and_o the_o like_a but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v to_o examine_v this_o subject_a and_o without_o trouble_v ourselves_o to_o establish_v our_o reason_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o those_o which_o m._n c._n have_v make_v use_n of_o to_o destroy_v they_o have_v be_v nothing_o to_o their_o prejudice_n for_o as_o for_o what_o he_o add_v that_o he_o know_v not_o why_o i_o will_v not_o have_v the_o understanding_n know_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o represent_v in_o the_o phantasm_n since_o i_o will_v have_v the_o imagination_n shall_v know_v the_o substance_n without_o the_o help_n of_o external_a sense_n and_o sensible_a species_n he_o make_v i_o speak_v there_o as_o he_o please_v himself_o have_v he_o take_v notice_n of_o my_o word_n he_o will_v have_v find_v they_o quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o he_o say_v and_o that_o i_o will_v have_v that_o the_o understanding_n know_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o represent_v in_o the_o phantasm_n and_o that_o i_o will_v not_o have_v the_o imagination_n know_v the_o substance_n without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o of_o the_o sensible_a species_n for_o although_o i_o assure_v that_o the_o imagination_n form_n itself_o its_o phantasm_n yet_o i_o have_v always_o say_v that_o it_o form_v it_o on_o the_o model_n of_o those_o sensible_a species_n which_o be_v receive_v through_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o without_o their_o aid_n as_o he_o will_v have_v that_o i_o have_v say_v yet_o i_o know_v that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o meaning_n which_o he_o give_v to_o my_o word_n neither_o will_v i_o stick_v at_o it_o and_o i_o will_v only_o observe_v this_o equivoque_n to_o make_v it_o be_v remember_v that_o those_o who_o undertake_v the_o censure_n of_o other_o man_n work_n aught_o to_o keep_v themselves_o on_o their_o guard_n and_o not_o to_o expose_v themselves_o to_o the_o danger_n to_o be_v reprehend_v by_o those_o they_o will_v correct_v i_o see_v then_o well_o enough_o the_o reason_n which_o he_o will_v employ_v against_o i_o be_v that_o if_o the_o imagination_n may_v represent_v the_o substance_n the_o picture_n of_o which_o the_o sensible_a species_n be_v not_o to_o make_v the_o understanding_n which_o be_v incomparable_o more_o know_v and_o more_o perfect_a may_v also_o represent_v it_o without_o the_o phantasm_n give_v it_o any_o image_n thereof_o but_o this_o objection_n be_v easy_o resolve_v because_o we_o do_v not_o consider_v here_o the_o understanding_n in_o itself_o and_o in_o its_o pure_a nature_n which_o may_v have_v such_o a_o power_n and_o perhaps_o soul_n separate_v may_v thus_o know_v corporal_a thing_n but_o we_o respect_v it_o in_o the_o state_n it_o be_v in_o we_o and_o in_o its_o ordinary_a manner_n of_o act_v which_o require_v the_o help_n of_o the_o inferior_a faculty_n otherwise_o we_o may_v prove_v that_o we_o have_v no_o need_n of_o eye_n to_o see_v thing_n since_o a_o man_n may_v see_v they_o without_o as_o spirit_n do_v it_o be_v the_o law_n which_o nature_n impose_v to_o this_o sublime_a faculty_n that_o at_o often_o as_o it_o be_v link_v to_o the_o body_n it_o ought_v to_o serve_v the_o sense_n and_o the_o imagination_n and_o not_o anticipate_v that_o knowledge_n which_o they_o be_v to_o give_v it_o and_o since_o they_o be_v destine_v to_o representation_n in_o corporal_a thing_n it_o ought_v to_o expect_v the_o report_n they_o be_v to_o make_v and_o take_v in_o for_o the_o ground_n of_o their_o first_o knowledge_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o give_v in_o a_o account_n of_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o thing_n for_o that_o they_o can_v do_v otherwise_o for_o those_o reason_n which_o we_o have_v before_o recite_v and_o certain_o nature_n shall_v have_v be_v deceitful_a to_o have_v reduce_v all_o the_o knowledge_n of_o animal_n to_o exterior_a accident_n and_o to_o have_v deny_v they_o that_o which_o be_v the_o most_o important_a for_o their_o preservation_n these_o be_v the_o great_a endeavour_n m._n c._n have_v make_v against_o our_o first_n part._n for_o what_o he_o afterward_o add_v be_v so_o weak_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o which_o can_v excuse_v it_o but_o that_o he_o be_v at_o a_o end_n of_o his_o work_n and_o that_o in_o all_o likelihood_n his_o mind_n be_v tire_v with_o the_o long_a labour_n he_o have_v undertake_v in_o effect_n on_o what_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o imagination_n confound_v the_o accident_n with_o their_o subject_n the_o only_a reason_n he_o object_n be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o true_a for_o if_o he_o pretend_v to_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v it_o because_o the_o imagination_n know_v not_o the_o subject_a and_o that_o the_o quality_n serve_v not_o for_o mark_n to_o know_v they_o it_o be_v what_o be_v in_o question_n and_o consequent_o can_v pass_v for_o a_o proof_n experience_n reas_n 4._o draw_v from_o experience_n as_o for_o the_o experience_n i_o propose_v which_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n we_o have_v of_o visible_a accident_n we_o do_v not_o only_o believe_v we_o see_v the_o accident_n but_o the_o body_n themselves_o wherein_o they_o be_v he_o answer_v that_o this_o experience_n be_v false_a because_o say_v he_o the_o first_o sight_n or_o single_a conception_n can_v precede_v the_o affirmation_n and_o the_o reason_n without_o which_o one_o can_v conclude_v nor_o know_v a_o substance_n by_o mean_n of_o a_o accident_n but_o to_o what_o purpose_n do_v he_o speak_v here_o of_o affirmation_n and_o reason_n in_o this_o encounter_n we_o will_v not_o have_v the_o imagination_n reason_n or_o affirm_v any_o thing_n neither_o be_v it_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o accident_n that_o it_o know_v the_o substance_n at_o one_o sight_n it_o see_v both_o as_o it_o see_v the_o colour_n and_o the_o figure_n and_o when_o i_o say_v that_o it_o believe_v it_o see_v the_o subject_n of_o accident_n it_o be_v not_o by_o the_o reflection_n it_o make_v on_o its_o first_o knowledge_n but_o it_o be_v in_o its_o common_a way_n of_o speak_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o think_v they_o certain_o know_v for_o when_o any_o object_n present_v itself_o to_o sight_n it_o be_v true_a we_o believe_v we_o see_v it_o and_o we_o think_v we_o be_v not_o deceive_v in_o that_o knowledge_n which_o our_o eye_n afford_v we_o and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o we_o can_v say_v we_o make_v any_o affirmation_n conclusion_n or_o reason_v how_o ever_o it_o be_v it_o import_v i_o or_o the_o truth_n but_o very_o little_a that_o m._n c._n deny_v the_o experience_n which_o shall_v be_v confess_v by_o all_o other_o man_n so_o as_o they_o be_v not_o blind_a and_o if_o we_o will_v consult_v with_o the_o most_o ignorant_a who_o common_o be_v the_o most_o certain_a and_o most_o sincere_a judge_n we_o can_v choose_v for_o what_o concern_v the_o sense_n they_o will_v all_o say_v that_o when_o they_o see_v a_o stone_n they_o do_v not_o only_o see_v the_o colour_n and_o the_o figure_n but_o the_o thing_n itself_o which_o have_v those_o quality_n it_o be_v not_o that_o at_o this_o first_o sight_n they_o distinguish_v it_o from_o its_o accident_n because_o
to_o say_v beside_o that_o he_o confound_v proposition_n which_o be_v distinct_a and_o separate_v those_o which_o be_v only_o particular_a he_o render_v universal_a and_o thus_o impose_v thing_n on_o i_o which_o i_o never_o think_v of_o the_o reader_n may_v therefore_o observe_v that_o when_o i_o say_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o imagination_n be_v bound_v to_o corporal_a thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o life_n and_o that_o common_o she_o be_v restrain_v to_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o every_o species_n he_o suppress_v the_o word_n common_o which_o render_v my_o proposition_n particular_a and_o make_v i_o speak_v universal_o as_o if_o i_o have_v say_v that_o its_o equal_o restrain_v to_o those_o which_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o species_n and_o to_o those_o which_o be_v necessary_a to_o life_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o true_a 2._o he_o will_v have_v it_o that_o i_o make_v beast_n reason_n on_o all_o what_o present_v itself_o to_o their_o sense_n and_o that_o i_o make_v they_o assemble_v all_o the_o image_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o memory_n to_o draw_v from_o thence_o consequence_n but_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n to_o say_v what_o i_o have_v say_v that_o when_o beast_n reason_n they_o reason_n on_o what_o present_v its_o self_n to_o their_o sense_n or_o that_o they_o reason_n of_o sensible_a thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o life_n and_o to_o speak_v as_o m_n c._n do_v that_o they_o reason_n on_o all_o what_o present_v itself_o to_o their_o sense_n for_o i_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v some_o which_o present_v themselves_o to_o their_o sense_n which_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o life_n whereon_o they_o do_v not_o reason_n and_o even_o on_o those_o which_o be_v necessary_a to_o life_n they_o do_v not_o always_o reason_n be_v elsewhere_o divert_v to_o conclude_v they_o assemble_v the_o image_n of_o the_o memory_n not_o all_o as_o m.c._n make_v i_o speak_v but_o only_o those_o which_o agree_v together_o and_o on_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o reason_n after_o this_o its_o easy_a to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o what_o he_o bring_v to_o show_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o imagination_n be_v not_o bound_v to_o thing_n necessary_a to_o life_n prove_v quite_o the_o contrary_n for_o when_o beast_n reason_v on_o what_o present_v itself_o to_o their_o sense_n and_o on_o the_o thing_n they_o be_v teach_v when_o they_o assemble_v the_o image_n of_o the_o memory_n and_o thence_o draw_v consequence_n in_o fine_a when_o they_o know_v the_o time_n to_o come_v all_o these_o knowledge_n be_v follow_v with_o pleasure_n or_o grief_n with_o hope_n or_o fear_n and_o they_o must_v therefore_o be_v necessary_a to_o life_n since_o these_o passion_n respect_v their_o preservation_n and_o be_v never_o raise_v in_o the_o mind_n unless_o to_o possess_v good_a or_o she_o from_o ill_a for_o the_o rest_n i_o stop_v not_o at_o the_o induction_n which_o he_o will_v draw_v from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o time_n to_o come_v which_o in_o his_o opinion_n be_v altogether_o spiritual_a for_o i_o have_v make_v it_o full_o appear_v before_o that_o it_o be_v sensible_a and_o that_o therefore_o be_v within_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o object_n which_o i_o have_v assign_v to_o the_o imagination_n the_o second_o difference_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o imagination_n the_o second_o difference_n which_o we_o have_v find_v betwixt_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o imagination_n be_v that_o this_o form_n no_o universal_a notion_n so_o that_o consequent_o i_o can_v none_o but_o particular_a ratiocination_n instead_o that_o the_o understanding_n have_v the_o liberty_n to_o form_v general_a notion_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o when_o it_o please_v to_o draw_v from_o thence_o universal_a or_o particular_a consequence_n i_o have_v here_o give_v a_o fair_a field_n to_o m.c._n td_v have_v exercise_v his_o spirit_n and_o i_o do_v believe_v in_o the_o humour_n he_o be_v in_o to_o contradict_v whatever_o he_o encounter_v he_o will_v not_o have_v let_v pass_v so_o important_a a_o proposition_n without_o dispute_v it_o yet_o i_o perceive_v that_o notwithstanding_o it_o have_v great_a philosopher_n for_o its_o enemy_n and_o several_a presumption_n repugnant_a unto_o it_o yet_o it_o have_v escape_v his_o hand_n and_o have_v receive_v no_o touch_n of_o his_o critic_n certain_o instead_o of_o amuse_v himself_o to_o mince_v upon_o word_n as_o he_o do_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o to_o puzzle_v the_o truth_n by_o petty_a school_n trick_n as_o he_o have_v do_v every_o where_o else_o he_o shall_v have_v examine_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o necessity_n that_o because_o a_o power_n be_v material_a it_o can_v make_v universal_a notion_n principal_o not_o go_v out_o of_o the_o resort_n or_o precinct_n of_o material_a thing_n in_o effect_n when_o the_o sense_n have_v know_v a_o object_n do_v there_o not_o remain_v in_o the_o soul_n a_o general_a notion_n which_o make_v it_o know_v all_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o â—s_v the_o great_a scaliger_n say_v the_o chick_n have_v it_o not_o a_o universal_a image_n of_o the_o kite_n whereby_o it_o know_v every_o kite_n which_o come_v to_o sight_n and_o what_o if_o the_o imagination_n have_v the_o faculty_n to_o judge_v as_o we_o believe_v can_v it_o not_o judge_v through_o all_o the_o extent_n of_o its_o object_n and_o since_o it_o can_v know_v all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a may_v it_o not_o form_v a_o proposition_n which_o may_v comprehend_v all_o the_o object_n it_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o for_o example_n can_v it_o not_o judge_v that_o all_o what_o be_v sweet_a be_v good_a or_o at_o least_o that_o all_o the_o sweet_a thing_n it_o know_v be_v good_a and_o when_o a_o sheep_n shall_v see_v divers_a wolf_n together_o will_v it_o not_o judge_v that_o all_o the_o beast_n it_o see_v be_v wolf_n and_o enemy_n to_o attempt_v its_o life_n now_o these_o be_v universal_a proposition_n and_o yet_o the_o imagination_n how_o material_a soever_o she_o be_v be_v capable_a to_o form_v general_a notion_n but_o all_o these_o reason_n be_v weak_a in_o comparison_n of_o those_o which_o establish_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o which_o show_n that_o a_o material_a faculty_n can_v never_o form_v any_o universal_a notion_n for_o its_o certain_a that_o we_o can_v conceive_v a_o universal_a thing_n but_o by_o take_v from_o it_o the_o singularity_n it_o have_v otherwise_o it_o will_v not_o be_v universal_a now_o its_o singularity_n can_v be_v take_v away_o but_o by_o separate_v it_o from_o those_o thing_n which_o render_v it_o singular_a as_o from_o the_o particular_a subject_n be_v in_o and_o from_o the_o other_o condition_n which_o determine_v it_o now_o there_o be_v no_o material_a faculty_n which_o can_v separate_v the_o form_n from_o the_o matter_n nor_o from_o their_o subject_n because_o the_o act_n and_o the_o power_n must_v be_v of_o the_o same_o gender_n and_o that_o the_o power_n which_o be_v material_a and_o compose_v must_v have_v a_o action_n which_o terminate_v in_o somewhat_o which_o be_v material_a and_o compose_v as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o first_o part_n and_o consequent_o the_o imagination_n which_o be_v of_o that_o order_n can_v form_v no_o universal_a notion_n since_o it_o can_v separate_v the_o form_n from_o their_o subject_n beside_o a_o universal_a notion_n suppose_v a_o universal_a power_n and_o a_o universal_a power_n be_v nor_o determine_v at_o least_o in_o respect_n of_o particular_a thing_n over_o which_o its_o universality_n extend_v now_o so_o it_o be_v that_o all_o what_o be_v material_a be_v absolute_o determine_v because_o it_o be_v of_o the_o maliciousness_n of_o the_o matter_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o aristotle_n say_v to_o restrain_v all_o thing_n which_o participate_v of_o it_o to_o its_o nature_n and_o therefore_o the_o matter_n be_v absolute_o singular_a and_o determine_v there_o be_v no_o material_a power_n which_o can_v raise_v itself_o above_o singularity_n or_o produce_v any_o notion_n which_o be_v not_o absolute_o singular_a and_o determine_a what_o shall_v we_o then_o say_v of_o those_o image_n which_o represent_v so_o many_o several_a object_n certain_o they_o be_v not_o proper_o universal_a for_o of_o three_o kind_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v call_v so_o to_o wit_v the_o cause_n which_o produce_v several_a effect_n the_o sign_n which_o represent_v divers_a thing_n and_o the_o nature_n which_o be_v in_o several_a particular_n there_o be_v only_o these_o latter_a which_o be_v essential_o universal_a because_o they_o be_v in_o no_o way_n singular_a and_o that_o the_o unity_n which_o they_o have_v hinder_v they_o not_o from_o be_v in_o effect_n in_o many_o particular_n instead_o that_o the_o other_o be_v effectual_o singular_a and_o altogether_o exterior_a to_o the_o thing_n in_o respect_n
how_o evident_a soever_o they_o be_v of_o themselves_o which_o need_v no_o other_o knowledge_n but_o that_o of_o term_n and_o which_o natural_a light_n make_v we_o present_o comprehend_v yet_o aught_o to_o be_v know_v and_o prove_v by_o the_o induction_n now_o it_o be_v not_o that_o the_o induction_n give_v in_o the_o evidence_n but_o it_o be_v that_o it_o fortify_v and_o confirm_v it_o as_o have_v be_v say_v the_o second_o objection_n be_v that_o the_o conclusion_n draw_v its_o evidence_n and_o its_o proof_n from_o the_o antecedent_n proposition_n and_o consequent_o it_o ought_v of_o itself_o to_o be_v obscure_a and_o doubtful_a but_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o conclusion_n be_v ever_o in_o power_n in_o the_o antecedent_n and_o not_o always_o in_o effect_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o be_v it_o necessary_a to_o prove_v the_o conclusion_n it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o antecedent_n but_o when_o the_o conclusion_n be_v certain_a or_o evident_a of_o itself_o it_o need_v none_o of_o this_o proof_n unless_o for_o the_o reason_n before_o mention_v to_o wit_n to_o confirm_v the_o truth_n which_o she_o make_v know_v so_o that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o conclusion_n do_v not_o effective_o draw_v its_o evidence_n from_o the_o proposition_n which_o precede_v it_o and_o this_o maxim_n be_v not_o true_a as_o to_o the_o effect_n but_o for_o the_o conclusion_n which_o be_v obscure_a and_o doubtful_a whereto_o may_v be_v add_v what_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o three_o part_n that_o thing_n be_v know_v or_o unknown_a by_o the_o sense_n or_o by_o nature_n and_o that_o a_o conclusion_n may_v be_v know_v by_o one_o and_o unknown_a by_o another_o and_o then_o the_o antecedent_n will_v serve_v as_o a_o proof_n not_o for_o sensible_a evidence_n but_o for_o natural_a evidence_n so_o this_o proposition_n peter_n be_v risible_a be_v evident_a of_o itself_o by_o sense_n and_o experience_n and_o be_v it_o to_o be_v prove_v by_o a_o universal_a proposition_n it_o be_v but_o to_o give_v in_o the_o natural_a evidence_n which_o it_o have_v not_o after_o all_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o sense_n the_o proof_n add_v thereunto_o whatever_o it_o be_v serve_v but_o to_o confirm_v the_o truth_n which_o be_v already_o know_v from_o elsewhere_o we_o may_v therefore_o reason_n on_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o obscure_v nor_o doubtful_a and_o consequent_o the_o evidence_n of_o mean_n be_v it_o as_o great_a as_o that_o of_o the_o end_n can_v hinder_v the_o soul_n from_o reason_v not_o only_o to_o apply_v they_o to_o that_o end_n but_o also_o to_o the_o operation_n which_o ought_v to_o follow_v this_o knowledge_n as_o we_o have_v before_o say_v that_o we_o can_v apply_v the_o mean_n to_o the_o end_n without_o ratiocination_n m._n c._n have_v then_o much_o deceive_v himself_o when_o he_o assure_v page_n 114._o that_o all_o the_o error_n of_o his_o adversary_n come_v but_o from_o that_o they_o imagine_v that_o its_o impossible_a to_o use_v mean_n to_o attain_v a_o end_n without_o reason_v for_o all_o what_o i_o have_v say_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o error_n therein_o and_o all_o what_o he_o say_v afterward_o to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v prove_v nothing_o what_o he_o pretend_v first_o the_o example_n he_o bring_v of_o insensible_a thing_n which_o use_v mean_n to_o attain_v to_o their_o end_n without_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o it_o be_v altogether_o impertinent_a for_o the_o question_n here_o be_v not_o to_o know_v whether_o the_o employment_n of_o mean_n in_o general_a to_o attain_v a_o end_n require_v ratiocination_n the_o question_n be_v restrain_v to_o thing_n which_o operate_v with_o knowledge_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o animal_n know_v the_o end_n to_o which_o they_o tend_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o consequent_o they_o also_o know_v the_o mean_n to_o attain_v it_o and_o by_o the_o reason_n before_o allege_v they_o ought_v to_o reason_n to_o apply_v the_o mean_n to_o the_o end_n and_o to_o the_o practical_a judgement_n which_o they_o make_v before_o they_o make_v use_v of_o it_o it_o be_v true_a if_o there_o be_v a_o knowledge_n to_o be_v find_v by_o which_o we_o can_v employ_v those_o mean_n without_o make_v this_o judgement_n which_o devance_v all_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o appetite_n and_o which_o be_v the_o principle_n of_o all_o animal_n operation_n perhaps_o i_o may_v confess_v that_o ratiocination_n will_v be_v nothing_o necessary_a but_o where_o be_v this_o knowledge_n to_o be_v find_v since_o of_o all_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o nature_n the_o animal_n only_o be_v know_v and_o that_o to_o operate_v they_o must_v judge_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v good_a and_o possible_a and_o that_o from_o the_o goodness_n and_o possibility_n they_o find_v in_o they_o they_o conclude_v that_o they_o must_v do_v they_o which_o can_v be_v without_o reason_v as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o second_o place_n the_o example_n he_o add_v pag._n 114_o 115._o of_o child_n of_o fool_n as_o those_o benumb_a of_o timorous_a person_n etc._n etc._n who_o without_o reason_v as_o he_o say_v employ_v mean_n to_o do_v a_o thing_n all_o these_o example_n i_o say_v be_v useless_a to_o our_o question_n for_o they_o do_v exclude_v but_o the_o ratiocination_n of_o the_o superior_a part_n which_o be_v not_o here_o in_o question_n and_o presuppose_v the_o ratiocination_n of_o the_o imagination_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v that_o they_o do_v not_o employ_v mean_n without_o reason_v yes_o i_o grant_v that_o a_o child_n which_o reason_n not_o yet_o bring_v its_o hand_n to_o its_o face_n to_o take_v away_o what_o trouble_v it_o that_o fall_v he_o oppose_v they_o to_o save_v himself_o that_o he_o cast_v himself_o on_o his_o nurse_n breast_n that_o he_o use_v more_o strength_n in_o suck_v she_o as_o he_o have_v more_o need_n and_o hide_v itself_o from_o one_o who_o have_v fright_v it_o and_o use_v a_o hundred_o several_a mean_n for_o several_a end_n but_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o child_n reason_n not_o yet_o it_o can_v yet_o be_v understand_v but_o of_o intellectual_a ratiocination_n and_o not_o of_o that_o of_o the_o imagination_n which_o go_v before_o all_o these_o action_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o several_a place_n of_o this_o work_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o benumb_a who_o how_o little_a sense_n soever_o they_o have_v remain_v shrink_v back_o those_o part_n where_o they_o be_v grieve_v for_o so_o long_o as_o they_o still_o feel_v their_o imagination_n must_v work_v and_o move_v the_o appetite_n to_o these_o motion_n and_o consequent_o make_v that_o ratiocination_n which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o speak_v of_o we_o may_v say_v as_o much_o of_o a_o man_n who_o appetite_n prevent_v all_o the_o conclusion_n which_o his_o reason_n can_v make_v at_o the_o unexpected_a encounter_n of_o some_o spark_n of_o fire_n which_o burn_v he_o of_o timorous_a person_n who_o without_o reason_v fly_n from_o those_o thing_n which_o appear_v frightful_a and_o of_o those_o to_o who_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o serpent_n of_o a_o mouse_n or_o of_o such_o like_a make_v they_o out_o of_o countenance_n by_o the_o antipathy_n they_o have_v together_o for_o all_o this_o may_v well_o be_v without_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o superior_a reason_n but_o not_o without_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o imagination_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n m._n c._n confound_v these_o two_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o the_o design_n and_o intention_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o these_o two_o faculty_n since_o he_o say_v that_o all_o the_o action_n of_o the_o appetite_n be_v perform_v without_o design_n that_o we_o often_o laugh_v without_o any_o intention_n and_o that_o the_o apprehension_n of_o tickle_v cause_v we_o often_o to_o make_v involuntary_a shrug_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o by_o this_o kind_n of_o speak_v we_o can_v say_v nothing_o but_o that_o these_o action_n be_v do_v without_o the_o design_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o superior_a part_n and_o it_o can_v fall_v into_o the_o thought_n of_o any_o reasonable_a person_n that_o from_o thence_o one_o may_v infer_v that_o they_o be_v do_v without_o the_o design_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n presuppose_v that_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o design_n and_o intention_n as_o we_o have_v show_v so_o that_o i_o pity_v m.c._n for_o have_v take_v so_o much_o pain_n to_o accumulate_v reason_n upon_o reason_n and_o heap_v example_n on_o example_n to_o prove_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v beside_o the_o question_n and_o to_o have_v forget_v the_o decisive_a point_n of_o our_o dispute_n true_o have_v he_o fall_v into_o the_o defect_n he_o reproach_v i_o to_o have_v do_v in_o some_o place_n to_o have_v make_v principle_n according_a to_o my_o fancy_n to_o draw_v from_o
it_o suffer_v so_o that_o in_o general_a there_o be_v two_o inflexion_n or_o different_a articulation_n of_o the_o voice_n the_o one_o when_o it_o be_v hinder_v to_o enlarge_v itself_o and_o the_o other_o when_o it_o can_v run_v in_o a_o even_a thread_n the_o first_o be_v when_o come_v out_o of_o the_o throat_n where_o its_o principal_a organ_n be_v it_o come_v to_o encounter_v the_o mouth_n cavity_n which_o oblige_v it_o to_o restrain_v itself_o and_o in_o some_o manner_n to_o assume_v the_o figure_n it_o find_v in_o that_o part_n for_o according_a as_o the_o open_n be_v great_a or_o small_a round_a square_a or_o otherwise_o the_o voice_n conform_v itself_o to_o all_o these_o figure_n and_o take_v these_o different_a sound_n which_o be_v observable_a in_o the_o five_o vowel_n a_o e_o i_o o_o v._o now_o we_o need_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o there_o be_v therein_o a_o true_a articulation_n since_o there_o be_v a_o right_a inflexion_n the_o voice_n which_o seek_v to_o extend_v itself_o be_v in_o that_o straight_a which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v force_v to_o lessen_v itself_o otherwise_o we_o must_v say_v that_o word_n compose_v of_o pure_a vowel_n be_v not_o articulate_v because_o they_o be_v not_o form_v by_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o articulation_n but_o that_o which_o we_o have_v here_o observe_v the_o second_o be_v when_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mouth_n oppose_v themselves_o to_o the_o voice_n and_o strike_v on_o it_o as_o they_o pass_v interrupt_v the_o equality_n of_o its_o course_n and_o force_v it_o to_o turn_v itself_o out_o of_o its_o right_a way_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o water_n which_o run_v through_o pebble_n and_o other_o such_o like_a obstacle_n and_o this_o interruption_n form_v all_o the_o consonant_n the_o voice_n render_v itself_o soft_a or_o dry_a sweet_a or_o sharp_a clear_a or_o obscure_a quick_a or_o slow_a according_a as_o the_o stroke_n be_v make_v and_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o organ_n which_o in_o some_o manner_n imprint_v on_o it_o the_o quality_n it_o have_v but_o as_o there_o be_v part_n which_o cause_n a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o the_o voice_n some_o than_o other_o there_o be_v also_o consonant_n wherein_o articulation_n be_v more_o or_o less_o sensible_a which_o for_o this_o reason_n be_v divide_v into_o mute_n demy-mutes_a and_o demy-vowel_n the_o great_a obstacle_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o mute_n because_o the_o voice_n find_v the_o passage_n quite_o stop_v and_o that_o endeavour_v to_o get_v out_o it_o be_v oppress_v and_o as_o it_o be_v stifle_v it_o beat_v against_o the_o organ_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v now_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o tongue_n and_o the_o lip_n which_o may_v cause_v this_o hindrance_n because_o there_o be_v only_o those_o two_o part_n of_o the_o mouth_n which_o true_o move_v and_o who_o motion_n serve_v to_o form_v speech_n and_o as_o they_o strike_v the_o other_o part_n more_o strong_o or_o more_o soft_o they_o produce_v two_o sort_n of_o mute_n if_o it_o be_v by_o the_o lip_n the_o passage_n be_v stop_v the_o voice_n issue_v out_o form_n p_o or_o b._n if_o by_o the_o tongue_n either_o it_o be_v by_o its_o basis_n which_o strike_v the_o palate_n and_o bring_v forth_o c_o and_z g._n or_o it_o be_v by_o its_o point_n which_o strike_v against_o the_o tooth_n and_o make_v t_n and_o d._n among_o the_o demmute_n the_o passage_n be_v true_o stop_v as_o in_o the_o mute_n but_o the_o voice_n be_v not_o stifle_v as_o it_o be_v here_o because_o it_o engage_v not_o itself_o altogether_o betwixt_o the_o organ_n which_o resist_v it_o so_o that_o it_o return_v back_o and_o seek_v turn_n to_o fly_v out_o wherefore_o they_o be_v call_v liquid_n because_o they_o make_v a_o reflux_n and_o have_v a_o wave_a recourse_n like_o the_o water_n which_o return_v back_o to_o its_o source_n when_o it_o be_v stop_v when_o the_o voice_n be_v therefore_o hinder_v from_o go_v out_o of_o the_o lip_n which_o shut_v themselves_o and_o that_o it_o return_v towards_o the_o nostril_n it_o change_v itself_o into_o a_o kind_n of_o bellow_v which_o make_v m._n if_o the_o hindrance_n happen_v on_o the_o tongue_n which_o with_o its_o end_n strike_v on_o the_o roof_n then_o either_o the_o voice_n take_v the_o same_o tune_n back_o and_o produce_v n_n or_o else_o escape_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tongue_n in_o the_o to_o cavity_n of_o the_o cheek_n and_o form_n l._n to_o conclude_v in_o the_o demi-vowel_n the_o passage_n be_v not_o absolute_o shut_v as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o consonant_n but_o it_o be_v very_o much_o streighten_v so_o that_o the_o voice_n be_v constrain_v to_o fortify_v itself_o by_o a_o great_a breath_n the_o more_o easy_o to_o issue_v out_o of_o so_o straight_o a_o passage_n now_o the_o breath_n at_o its_o go_v out_o be_v press_v either_o by_o the_o tooth_n whence_o come_v s_n or_o by_o the_o tongue_n whereby_o it_o make_v r_n or_o by_o the_o lip_n which_o produce_v the_o consonant_n v_n or_o by_o the_o lip_n and_o tooth_n together_o which_o make_v f_o or_o by_o the_o tongue_n and_o foretooth_n which_o form_n the_o z_o or_o by_o it_o and_o the_o tooth_n which_o we_o call_v dog_n or_o eye_n tooth_n whence_o be_v the_o consonant_n j._n or_o again_o by_o it_o and_o the_o great_a tooth_n whence_o come_v the_o shin_n of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o our_o ch_z in_o french_a to_o which_o we_o hitherto_o have_v give_v no_o simple_a character_n all_o this_o will_v require_v a_o long_a examen_fw-la then_o we_o can_v here_o afford_v it_o but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o our_o design_n to_o know_v that_o the_o voice_n be_v therein_o articulate_a because_o it_o suffer_v inflexion_n and_o that_o it_o sensible_o turn_v and_o bind_v itself_o yet_o we_o must_v confess_v that_o these_o two_o kind_n of_o articulation_n which_o be_v in_o the_o vowel_n and_o consonant_n be_v simple_a and_o that_o in_o comparison_n of_o those_o which_o be_v compose_v of_o they_o they_o be_v neither_o so_o evident_a nor_o so_o perfect_a and_o as_o common_o the_o most_o accomplish_a thing_n carry_v away_o and_o reserve_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o gender_n although_o in_o effect_n it_o appertain_v to_o all_o the_o rest_n it_o also_o happen_v that_o the_o most_o compose_a voice_n and_o where_o there_o be_v most_o articulation_n be_v for_o their_o excellency_n call_v articulate_v the_o simple_a and_o the_o less_o compose_a being_n not_o place_v in_o that_o rank_n although_o true_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n and_o thence_o it_o come_v that_o in_o comparison_n of_o humane_a speech_n which_o be_v without_o doubt_v the_o most_o diversify_v in_o all_o kind_n of_o inflexion_n and_o motion_n there_o be_v none_o but_o that_o to_o who_o the_o common_a use_n of_o tongue_n will_v give_v the_o name_n of_o articulate_a all_o the_o rest_n be_v so_o little_a to_o its_o proportion_n that_o unto_o it_o they_o always_o seem_v as_o if_o they_o be_v not_o so_o at_o all_o but_o philosophy_n and_o truth_n which_o do_v not_o subject_v themselves_o to_o so_o extravagant_a and_o unequitable_a a_o judge_n and_o which_o preserve_v the_o name_n to_o all_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o nature_n acknowledge_v that_o all_o voice_n which_o have_v a_o inflexion_n be_v articulate_v and_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v so_o so_o that_o on_o this_o ground_n to_o take_v away_o those_o doubt_n which_o be_v propose_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o discourse_n for_o the_o vowel_n and_o consonant_n be_v not_o call_v element_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o compose_a word_n and_o not_o of_o speech_n in_o general_a every_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o word_n which_o have_v no_o element_n and_o be_v indivisible_a even_o as_o when_o we_o exclude_v out_o of_o the_o rank_n of_o articulate_a voice_n groan_n exclamation_n whistling_n and_o the_o like_a it_o be_v by_o comparison_n with_o speech_n which_o be_v diversify_v by_o divers_a syllable_n and_o be_v use_v in_o the_o common_a commerce_n of_o man_n for_o those_o be_v true_a articulate_a voice_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o several_a vowel_n or_o redouble_v or_o continue_a demi_a vowel_n but_o which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o so_o as_o the_o word_n which_o enter_v into_o our_o language_n wherein_o the_o consonant_n and_o vowel_n be_v diverse_o mix_v together_o and_o make_v a_o many_o different_a articulation_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v that_o all_o the_o essence_n of_o articulation_n consist_v in_o the_o only_a inflexion_n of_o the_o voice_n and_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v exterior_a and_o strange_a to_o it_o for_o although_o it_o be_v destine_v to_o express_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v its_o end_n and_o not_o its_o essence_n the_o end_n nor_o the_o efficient_a cause_n never_o enter_v