our_o reason_n approve_v to_o be_v honest_a or_o at_o least_o be_v so_o comparative_o to_o those_o that_o be_v oppose_v unto_o they_o though_o they_o be_v not_o enjoin_v we_o yet_o be_v say_v to_o be_v due_a by_o this_o natural_a law_n moreover_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o this_o natural_a law_n do_v not_o determine_v of_o such_o thing_n only_o as_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o man_n will_n but_o of_o many_o thing_n also_o which_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n have_v already_o mould_v as_o it_o be_v into_o a_o law_n thus_o be_v dominion_n as_o now_o in_o use_n by_o common_a consent_n introduce_v as_o by_o a_o law_n but_o be_v introduce_v this_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n do_v instruct_v we_o that_o to_o take_v away_o from_o any_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o own_o without_o his_o consent_n be_v impious_a and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n conclude_v theft_n to_o be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o vâ—pian_o that_o it_o be_v dishonest_a and_o julian_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o that_o which_o concern_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n there_o be_v a_o second_o law_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n holy_a julian_n julian_n and_o of_o divine_a extraction_n that_o enjoin_v we_o at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n to_o abstain_v from_o theft_n and_o rapine_n and_o that_o forbid_v we_o either_o in_o word_n in_o deed_n or_o in_o our_o most_o retire_a thought_n to_o mix_v or_o confound_v each_o other_o property_n .._o 3._o de_fw-fr off_z l._n 3._o for_o as_o cicero_n out_o of_o chrysippus_n well_o observe_v for_o any_o man_n to_o gain_v to_o himself_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o own_o lively_a hood_n be_v not_o unjust_a but_o to_o take_v it_o away_o by_o force_n from_o any_o other_o be_v not_o right_o euripides_n also_o condemn_v this_o as_o hateful_a to_o god_n himself_o námque_fw-la odit_fw-la ipse_fw-la vim_o deus_fw-la nec_fw-la divites_fw-la nos_fw-la esse_fw-la rapto_fw-la sed_fw-la probe_n partis_fw-la cupit_fw-la spernenda_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la pure_a veniat_fw-la copia_fw-la est_fw-la communis_fw-la aether_n hominibus_fw-la tellus_fw-la quoque_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la ampliare_fw-la cuique_fw-la sic_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la domum_fw-la ut_fw-la ab_fw-la alienis_fw-la rebus_fw-la ac_fw-la vi_fw-la temperet_fw-la for_o god_n himself_o hate_v force_v nor_o will_v that_o we_o grow_v rich_a by_o fraud_n but_o good_n get_v honest_o riches_n unjust_o gain_v we_o shall_v disdain_v the_o earth_n the_o air_n and_o eke_o the_o ocean_n main_fw-fr stand_v free_a to_o all_o each_o may_v his_o house_n maintain_v by_o these_o so_o that_o from_o rapine_n he_o abstain_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v so_o immutable_a that_o god_n himself_o can_v alter_v it_o nature_n god_n himself_o can_v alter_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o though_o the_o power_n of_o god_n be_v immense_a yet_o may_v something_n be_v say_v whereunto_o this_o great_a power_n do_v not_o extend_v itself_o because_o what_o be_v so_o say_v be_v say_v only_o but_o have_v no_o sense_n which_o can_v express_v the_o thing_n but_o they_o must_v contradict_v themselves_o as_o therefore_o that_o twice_o two_o shall_v not_o be_v four_o god_n himself_o can_v effect_v so_o neither_o can_v he_o that_o what_o be_v intrinsical_o evil_a shall_v not_o be_v evil_a for_o as_o the_o be_v of_o thing_n after_o they_o be_v and_o as_o they_o be_v depend_v not_o upon_o any_o other_o so_o do_v the_o propriety_n that_o necessary_o follow_v that_o be_v but_o such_o be_v the_o malignity_n of_o some_o act_n compare_v with_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v guide_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o therefore_o do_v god_n himself_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v judge_v of_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o of_o abraham_n to_o god_n 18.25_o gen._n 18.25_o shall_v not_o the_o judge_n of_o all_o the_o world_n do_v right_o such_o a_o contradiction_n it_o be_v to_o say_v that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n shall_v not_o do_v right_o that_o though_o it_o may_v be_v speak_v yet_o do_v the_o word_n though_o speak_v bear_v no_o sense_n but_o rather_o imply_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n the_o like_a we_o may_v find_v in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n 6._o es_fw-ge 5.3_o ez._n 18.25_o â—er_n 2.19_o mich._n 6.2_o rom._n 2.6_o 3_o 6._o it_o sometime_o notwithwstand_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o in_o these_o act_n concern_v which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v determine_v something_o there_o be_v some_o show_n or_o appearance_n of_o change_n which_o may_v easy_o deceive_v the_o unwary_a whereas_o indeed_o the_o change_n be_v not_o in_o that_o law_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v immutable_a but_o in_o the_o thing_n about_o which_o that_o law_n be_v conversant_a as_o for_o example_n if_o he_o to_o who_o i_o owe_v a_o just_a debt_n shall_v free_o discharge_v i_o of_o it_o i_o be_o not_o bind_v to_o pay_v it_o not_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v cease_v to_o command_v i_o to_o pay_v what_o i_o owe_v but_o because_o that_o which_o i_o do_v owe_v cease_v to_o be_v my_o debt_n be_v so_o discharge_v for_o as_o arrianus_n in_o epictetus_n right_o argue_v to_o make_v a_o just_a debt_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o that_o the_o money_n be_v lend_v but_o it_o be_v require_v that_o the_o obligation_n remain_v uncancel_v so_o when_o god_n command_v any_o man_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n or_o his_o good_n to_o be_v take_v from_o he_o murder_n and_o theft_n do_v not_o thereby_o become_v lawful_a for_o these_o very_a word_n do_v imply_v sin_n and_o no_o sin_n can_v be_v lawful_a but_o those_o act_n will_v not_o amount_v to_o murder_n or_o theft_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o express_a command_n of_o he_o who_o be_v the_o sovereign_a lord_n both_o of_o our_o life_n and_o fortune_n last_o there_o be_v something_n justifiable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o simple_o but_o so_o long_o as_o the_o condition_n of_o affair_n stand_v thus_o so_o till_o dominion_n be_v introduce_v the_o use_n of_o thing_n be_v natural_o common_a so_o before_o law_n and_o court_n of_o judicature_n be_v establish_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o recover_v by_o force_n what_o be_v our_o own_o but_o not_o since_o xi_o natural_a instinct_n that_o distinction_n which_o we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v namely_o that_o this_o immutable_a law_n be_v either_o that_o which_o be_v common_a to_o man_n with_o beast_n which_o they_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o that_o which_o be_v peculiar_a unto_o man_n only_a which_o they_o sometime_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v of_o very_o little_a use_n for_o nothing_o be_v proper_o capable_a of_o a_o law_n but_o that_o nature_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o make_v use_n of_o general_n precept_n which_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o hesiod_n when_o he_o say_v to_o man_n have_v god_n give_v law_n to_o be_v rule_v by_o but_o fish_n and_o beast_n and_o fowl_n that_o soar_v on_o high_a have_v no_o law_n do_v on_o each_o other_o prey_n but_o in_o good_a law_n do_v all_o our_o safety_n lay_v we_o say_v not_o of_o horse_n and_o lion_n m._n off._n lib._n 1._o vita_fw-la cat._n m._n say_v cicero_n that_o they_o be_v just_a neither_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v do_v we_o by_o nature_n make_v use_v of_o law_n or_o justice_n against_o any_o other_o creature_n but_o man_n among_o all_o other_o creature_n not_o endue_v with_o reason_n say_v lactantius_n nature_n be_v permit_v to_o be_v she_o own_o carver_n 5._o lib._n 5._o nocent_a aliis_fw-la ut_fw-la sibi_fw-la prosint_fw-la they_o destroy_v other_o to_o preserve_v themselves_o and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o be_v ignorant_a that_o they_o do_v amiss_o but_o man_n who_o have_v a_o faculty_n to_o discern_v good_a from_o evil_n wise_o abstain_v from_o hurt_v other_o though_o thereby_o he_o sometime_o incommodate_v himself_o 6._o lib._n 6._o polybius_n have_v declare_v upon_o what_o ground_n man_n at_o first_o enter_v into_o society_n add_v that_o when_o the_o rest_n see_v some_o man_n abuse_v their_o own_o parent_n and_o other_o behave_v themselves_o injurious_o towards_o their_o benefactor_n they_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o grieve_v at_o it_o whereof_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n for_o mankind_n say_v he_o be_v endue_v with_o understanding_n and_o reason_n above_o all_o other_o creature_n it_o be_v not_o credible_a that_o they_o shall_v behold_v act_n so_o abhorrent_n from_o nature_n without_o express_v some_o sign_n of_o discontent_n so_o likewise_o chrysostom_n this_o we_o learn_v from_o nature_n herself_o 13._o â—e_z statuis_fw-la 13._o that_o when_o we_o see_v one_o man_n abuse_v another_o we_o can_v but_o sympathize_v with_o the_o injure_a person_n and_o swell_v with_o indignation_n against_o the_o
own_o viii_o of_o island_n and_o inundation_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o inundation_n or_o increment_n by_o river_n whereof_o the_o ancient_a lawyer_n have_v write_v much_o but_o the_o modern_a whole_a commentary_n but_o what_o they_o have_v write_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n ground_v not_o on_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o on_o the_o law_n of_o some_o nation_n though_o to_o gain_v the_o great_a authority_n they_o ofttimes_o put_v they_o off_o under_o that_o name_n most_o of_o their_o determination_n be_v build_v upon_o this_o foundation_n that_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n be_v his_o who_o possess_v the_o adjoin_a soil_n and_o that_o the_o channel_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v forsake_v by_o the_o water_n be_v his_o also_o and_o consequent_o those_o island_n which_o be_v cast_v up_o in_o the_o river_n there_o they_o distinguish_v of_o inundation_n a_o small_a one_o alter_v not_o the_o property_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o a_o great_a one_o do_v yet_o so_o that_o if_o 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the_o boundary_n of_o the_o athenian_n or_o campagnes_n say_v seneca_n be_v those_o whereby_o their_o field_n which_o before_o lay_v in_o common_a be_v by_o private_a agreement_n between_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbour_n distinguish_v so_o also_o cicero_n privata_fw-la natura_fw-la nulla_fw-la sunt_fw-la 1._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr l._n 7._o c._n 4._o de_fw-fr off._n lib._n 1._o there_o be_v nothing_o natural_o private_a but_o either_o by_o primary_n possession_n as_o they_o that_o first_o set_v foot_v in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v desert_a or_o that_o which_o come_v by_o conquest_n or_o by_o law_n consent_n condition_n or_o by_o lot_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o field_n about_o arpinum_n be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o arpinum_n and_o the_o field_n of_o tusculum_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o tusculum_n and_o thus_o be_v every_o private_a man_n estate_n describe_v rhodiaca_n or._n rhodiaca_n so_o dion_n prusaensis_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o a_o city_n in_o general_n challenge_v as_o her_o own_o though_o they_o be_v divide_v by_o parcel_n among_o private_a lord_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n speak_v tacitus_n of_o the_o german_n that_o their_o field_n be_v first_o occupy_v by_o the_o people_n in_o common_a by_o village_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o afterward_o distribute_v among_o themselves_o according_a to_o every_o man_n reputation_n and_o dignity_n wherefore_o whatsoever_o be_v thus_o original_o possess_v by_o the_o people_n and_o never_o afterward_o distribute_v do_v as_o yet_o proper_o belong_v unto_o the_o people_n and_o as_o in_o private_a river_n those_o island_n which_o the_o water_n cast_v up_o and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n which_o the_o water_n forsake_v be_v proper_o his_o who_o own_v the_o river_n so_o in_o public_a be_v both_o of_o they_o the_o people_n or_o he_o to_o who_o the_o people_n have_v give_v they_o now_o what_o be_v here_o say_v concern_v the_o channel_n may_v also_o be_v say_v of_o the_o bank_n which_o be_v but_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o channel_n wherein_o the_o river_n natural_o run_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v every_o where_o take_v in_o holland_n and_o the_o country_n adjacent_a many_o such_o dispute_n do_v ancient_o arise_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o lowness_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o greatness_n of_o their_o river_n and_o their_o nearness_n to_o the_o sea_n receive_v and_o cast_v up_o by_o alternate_a tide_n mud_n and_o sand_n those_o that_o be_v island_n true_o so_o call_v be_v always_o adjudge_v to_o be_v part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n as_o also_o the_o whole_a channel_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o of_o the_o maze_n which_o the_o water_n have_v leave_v as_o it_o have_v be_v frequent_o determine_v and_o with_o very_o good_a reason_n for_o as_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n themselves_o do_v grant_v 95._o of_o float_v island_n see_v sen_n his_o nat._n quest_n lib._n 3._o c._n 25._o pliny_n lib._n 2._o c._n 95._o that_o the_o island_n which_o float_v in_o a_o river_n be_v uphold_v by_o the_o young_a sprout_n that_o grow_v in_o it_o of_o right_a belong_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n because_o cujus_fw-la juris_fw-la est_fw-la flumen_fw-la ejus_fw-la est_fw-la &_o insula_fw-la in_o flumine_fw-la nata_fw-la who_o the_o river_n be_v he_o be_v the_o island_n that_o be_v in_o it_o and_o sure_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o a_o river_n as_o for_o the_o channel_n wherein_o it_o run_v not_o for_o the_o reason_n which_o they_o bring_v namely_o because_o the_o channel_n be_v cover_v by_o the_o river_n but_o for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a because_o it_o be_v original_o possess_v with_o the_o river_n and_o be_v never_o since_o transfer_v into_o any_o private_a man_n dominion_n neither_o can_v we_o admit_v of_o that_o as_o true_a natural_o which_o they_o aver_v that_o if_o the_o field_n be_v bound_v the_o island_n be_v the_o first_o occupant_n for_o that_o indeed_o be_v true_a in_o 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lawyer_n themselves_o do_v right_o acknowledge_v do_v still_o remain_v neither_o be_v that_o natural_a that_o they_o write_v that_o a_o inundation_n perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n or_o censor_n make_v that_o private_a which_o be_v public_a and_o that_o public_a which_o before_o be_v private_a as_o cassiodore_n speak_v of_o a_o surveyor_n more_o vastissimi_fw-la fluminis_fw-la aliis_fw-la spatia_fw-la tollit_fw-la aliis_fw-la concedit_fw-la that_o he_o be_v like_o a_o great_a river_n take_v away_o from_o some_o that_o which_o of_o right_n be_v they_o and_o give_v unto_o other_o that_o wherein_o they_o have_v no_o right_n much_o better_o be_v it_o to_o follow_v that_o which_o strabo_n report_v of_o the_o egyptian_n to_o take_v a_o exact_a survey_n of_o the_o field_n and_o so_o divide_v unto_o every_o man_n his_o own_o by_o admeasurement_n because_o the_o river_n nilus_n by_o her_o frequent_a flood_n and_o rapid_a stream_n add_v here_o and_o take_v away_o there_o and_o change_v the_o form_n and_o mark_n of_o the_o field_n do_v so_o confound_v their_o bound_n and_o limit_n that_o it_o be_v hard_o for_o a_o man_n to_o distinguish_v between_o his_o own_o and_o another_o man_n therefore_o be_v field_n to_o be_v often_o survey_v whereunto_o agree_v that_o tradition_n of_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n quod_fw-la nostrum_fw-la est_fw-la nostrum_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la desinit_fw-la nisi_fw-la facto_fw-la nostro_fw-la that_o which_o be_v we_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v we_o without_o our_o own_o fact_n or_o by_o some_o law_n do_v where_o the_o invudation_n be_v very_o great_a and_o no_o visible_a sign_n that_o the_o owner_n endeavour_v to_o recover_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v now_o under_o thing_n do_v be_v moral_o comprehend_v thing_n leave_v undo_v as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o that_o be_v to_o say_v so_o far_o forth_o as_o we_o may_v thereby_o guess_v at_o
have_v society_n natural_o and_o why_o not_o see_v that_o beast_n with_o beast_n have_v the_o same_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o nature_n have_v instill_a into_o our_o mind_n the_o very_a seed_n of_o virtue_n this_o also_o m._n antoninus_n that_o emperor_n who_o be_v so_o high_o fame_v for_o his_o philosophy_n thus_o testify_v that_o we_o be_v bear_v for_o communion_n be_v long_o since_o apparent_a for_o be_v it_o not_o plain_a say_v he_o that_o nature_n frame_v all_o thing_n in_o order_n when_o we_o see_v the_o worse_a thing_n make_v for_o the_o better_a and_o the_o better_a thing_n one_o for_o another_o that_o therefore_o which_o carneades_n affirm_v that_o every_o creature_n be_v by_o natural_a instinct_n lead_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v to_o itself_o only_o profitable_a if_o universal_o take_v be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v for_o some_o of_o the_o rest_n be_v content_a to_o abate_v somewhat_o of_o their_o own_o profit_n partly_o to_o their_o young_a one_o and_o partly_o to_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n the_o proverb_n intimate_v as_o much_o when_o it_o say_v canis_fw-la caninam_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la one_o dog_n will_v not_o eat_v another_o and_o the_o poet_n confirm_v it_o tiger_n though_o fierce_a at_o peace_n with_o tiger_n be_v juveral_a juveral_a and_o every_o beast_n will_v its_o own_o kindred_n spare_v it_o be_v therefore_o philo_n advice_n let_v man_n say_v he_o commandment_n upon_o the_o five_o commandment_n learn_v gratitude_n from_o dumb_a beast_n the_o dog_n will_v defend_v his_o master_n house_n that_o feed_v he_o and_o ofttimes_o will_v expose_v himself_o even_o to_o death_n for_o he_o upon_o the_o approach_n of_o any_o danger_n that_o threaten_v he_o be_v it_o not_o then_o the_o great_a of_o all_o shame_n that_o a_o dog_n shall_v be_v more_o thankful_a than_o a_o man_n and_o that_o a_o creature_n natural_o fierce_a and_o ravenous_a shall_v in_o gratitude_n excel_v the_o mild_a and_o meek_a of_o all_o creature_n 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which_o in_o their_o infancy_n they_o receive_v from_o they_o now_o from_o whence_o think_v you_o do_v they_o learn_v this_o duty_n of_o foster_a their_o young_a but_o from_o nature_n be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n foster_v themselves_o when_o they_o be_v young_a and_o how_o can_v they_o hear_v this_o say_v philo_z and_o not_o hide_v their_o head_n for_o shame_n that_o take_v no_o care_n of_o their_o age_a parent_n but_o wilful_o neglect_v they_o who_o either_o alone_a or_o before_o all_o other_o they_o ought_v to_o sustain_v especial_o consider_v that_o in_o so_o do_v they_o can_v be_v say_v proper_o to_o give_v but_o only_o to_o repay_v what_o they_o owe_v they_o for_o child_n have_v nothing_o of_o their_o own_o but_o what_o they_o derive_v from_o their_o parent_n who_o either_o give_v it_o they_o out_o of_o what_o be_v they_o or_o by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o enable_v they_o to_o get_v it_o proceed_v whence_o this_o proceed_v now_o in_o beast_n this_o care_n of_o their_o young_a 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by_o general_a rule_n whereunto_o whatsoever_o be_v agreeable_a be_v not_o so_o to_o all_o live_a creature_n but_o peculiar_o to_o mankind_n only_o homo_fw-la ad_fw-la id_fw-la natus_fw-la est_fw-la 9_o lib._n 9_o bene_fw-la ut_fw-la aliis_fw-la faciat_fw-la etc._n etc._n man_n say_v m._n antoninus_n be_v bear_v for_o this_o end_n to_o do_v good_a unto_o other_o and_o again_o soon_o may_v we_o find_v body_n terrestrial_a not_o tend_v to_o the_o earth_n than_o a_o sound_n and_o perfect_a man_n not_o affect_v the_o society_n of_o man_n for_o as_o he_o speak_v in_o another_o place_n quod_fw-la ratione_fw-la utitur_fw-la necessario_fw-la coetum_fw-la appetit_fw-la whatsoever_o have_v the_o faculty_n of_o reason_n must_v necessary_o affect_v society_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o also_o of_o nicetas_n coniates_n 10._o lib._n 10._o nature_n herself_o have_v insculpt_v and_o ingenerate_v in_o we_o 14._o see_v aug._n de_fw-fr doctr._n christ_n lib._n 3._o c._n 14._o a_o mind_n easy_o consent_v and_o agree_v with_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n neither_o can_v i_o here_o omit_v that_o excellent_a say_n of_o seneca_n that_o thou_o may_v understand_v how_o desiderable_a a_o thing_n of_o itself_o it_o be_v to_o have_v a_o thankful_a mind_n and_o how_o odious_a a_o thing_n ingratitude_n be_v know_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o soon_o dissolve_v and_o disjoint_v humane_a society_n than_o this_o vice_n of_o unthankfulness_n for_o wherein_o otherwise_o consist_v our_o security_n if_o not_o in_o those_o mutual_a good_a office_n that_o we_o do_v one_o to_o another_o by_o which_o commerce_n and_o exchange_n of_o courtesy_n only_o our_o life_n be_v strong_o guard_v and_o fortify_v against_o all_o violent_a incursion_n whatsoever_o take_v we_o single_o and_o what_o be_v we_o but_o a_o prey_n to_o all_o other_o creature_n and_o as_o so_o many_o sacrifice_n to_o appease_v the_o hunger_n or_o rage_n of_o ravenous_a beast_n no_o blood_n so_o vile_a none_o so_o easy_o purchase_v as_o we_o all_o other_o creature_n be_v sufficient_o guard_v against_o all_o violence_n whatsoever_o be_v bear_v wild_a and_o unsociable_a come_v into_o the_o world_n arm_v only_a man_n come_v naked_a and_o infirm_a have_v neither_o hoof_n horn_n claw_n nor_o tooth_n to_o make_v he_o to_o appear_v terrible_a to_o the_o rest_n only_o two_o thing_n nature_n have_v give_v he_o whereby_o both_o to_o offend_v other_o and_o to_o defend_v himself_o namely_o reason_n and_o society_n by_o these_o he_o that_o be_v single_a be_v weak_a of_o all_o become_v lord_n and_o master_n of_o all_o it_o be_v society_n that_o give_v he_o the_o dominion_n over_o all_o other_o creature_n it_o be_v society_n that_o transfer_v empire_n from_o one_o nation_n to_o another_o extend_v itself_o over_o the_o sea_n also_o it_o be_v this_o that_o mitigate_v the_o violence_n of_o disease_n it_o be_v this_o that_o yield_v comfort_n to_o old_a age_n this_o assuage_v grief_n and_o pain_n this_o make_v we_o strong_a valiant_a nay_o invincible_a for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o may_v lawful_o crave_v its_o assistance_n even_o against_o fortune_n herself_o take_v away_o this_o and_o you_o break_v asunder_o that_o unity_n that_o there_o be_v between_o mankind_n whereby_o our_o life_n be_v sustain_v and_o it_o be_v certain_o take_v away_o if_o ingratitude_n be_v not_o in_o itself_o odious_a thus_o far_o seneca_n now_o this_o very_a conservation_n of_o society_n take_v concern_v the_o great_a care_n that_o dove_n have_v over_o their_o young_a see_v porphyâ—y_n de_fw-fr non_fw-la esu_fw-la l._n 3._o society_n the_o foundation_n of_o law_n 1._o of_o nature_n strict_o take_v as_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o humane_a understanding_n though_o but_o crude_o here_o express_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o which_o be_v proper_o call_v right_o from_o whence_o arise_v our_o abstinence_n from_o that_o which_o be_v another_o and_o our_o
restore_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v detain_v together_o with_o the_o full_a profit_n we_o have_v make_v of_o it_o as_o also_o our_o obligation_n to_o perform_v our_o promise_n our_o satisfaction_n for_o damage_n do_v unto_o other_o through_o our_o default_n and_o the_o merit_n of_o punishment_n among_o man_n for_o justice_n be_v by_o porphyry_n thus_o describe_v ut_fw-la abstineretur_fw-la alienis_fw-la 3._o de_fw-fr non_fw-fr esu_fw-la l._n 3._o neque_fw-la noceatur_fw-la non_fw-la nocentibus_fw-la to_o abstain_v from_o what_o be_v another_o and_o not_o to_o harm_v they_o that_o be_v harmless_a from_o this_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n right_o large_o 2._o more_o large_o there_o flow_v another_o of_o a_o large_a extent_n for_o see_v that_o man_n above_o all_o other_o live_v body_n have_v not_o only_o such_o a_o laudable_a faculty_n as_o be_v describe_v but_o judgement_n also_o to_o discern_v as_o well_o what_o be_v pleasant_a and_o delightful_a as_o what_o be_v hurtful_a unto_o itself_o and_o that_o not_o only_o at_o present_a but_o for_o the_o future_a and_o what_o may_v lead_v unto_o either_o is_n be_v therefore_o agreeable_a most_o to_o humane_a nature_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o humane_a understanding_n to_o be_v guide_v in_o those_o thing_n by_o a_o judgement_n right_o inform_v i_o mean_v such_o a_o judgement_n as_o be_v not_o mislead_v either_o by_o vain_a fear_n or_o by_o the_o sweetness_n of_o some_o instant_a pleasure_n nor_o yet_o violent_o carry_v away_o by_o any_o inconsiderate_a rashness_n for_o what_o be_v manifest_o repugnant_a unto_o such_o a_o judgement_n be_v also_o understand_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o hereunto_o also_o appertain_v that_o prudent_a dispensation_n in_o the_o distribution_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o proper_o belong_v to_o every_o person_n or_o society_n which_o sometime_o prefer_v the_o wise_a before_o the_o ignorant_a a_o neighbour_n before_o a_o stranger_n and_o sometime_o the_o poor_a before_o the_o rich_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o every_o man_n act_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n will_v bear_v which_o many_o of_o old_a reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o right_n proper_o and_o strict_o so_o call_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o that_o right_n proper_o so_o name_v may_v have_v a_o far_o different_a nature_n namely_o in_o this_o that_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v now_o one_o man_n may_v be_v permit_v to_o or_o accomplish_v by_o another_o law_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n now_o these_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v already_o say_v will_v hold_v true_a though_o we_o shall_v grant_v what_o without_o great_a wickedness_n we_o can_v that_o there_o be_v no_o god_n or_o that_o he_o take_v no_o care_n of_o humane_a affair_n but_o since_o we_o be_v instruct_v to_o the_o contrary_a partly_o by_o reason_n and_o partly_o by_o perpetual_a and_o universal_a tradition_n and_o be_v therein_o also_o confirm_v by_o so_o many_o irrefragable_a argugument_n and_o miracle_n attest_v by_o and_o through_o all_o age_n it_o now_o follow_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o obey_v god_n in_o all_o thing_n without_o exception_n as_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o maker_n to_o who_o we_o owe_v both_o ourselves_o and_o all_o we_o have_v especial_o since_o he_o have_v many_o way_n show_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o powerful_a of_o all_o being_n so_o that_o he_o be_v both_o most_o able_a and_o most_o willing_a to_o reward_v our_o obedience_n with_o the_o great_a reward_n even_o with_o such_o as_o be_v like_a unto_o himself_o eternal_a especial_o since_o he_o have_v confirm_v it_o and_o bind_v himself_o thereunto_o by_o his_o word_n and_o promise_n as_o we_o christian_n be_v so_o convince_v by_o infallible_a testimony_n do_v strong_o believe_v from_o whence_o spring_v up_o another_o law_n beside_o that_o which_o be_v natural_a namely_o from_o the_o free_a will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o god_n whereunto_o as_o our_o own_o understanding_n direct_v we_o we_o must_v be_v subject_a and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v with_o m._n antoninus_n 9_o lib._n 9_o qui_fw-fr injustè_fw-fr agit_fw-fr impius_fw-la est_fw-la he_o that_o be_v unjust_a be_v also_o impious_a god_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o some_o sense_n the_o law_n of_o god_n but_o even_o that_o law_n of_o nature_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o treat_v whether_o it_o be_v that_o which_o spring_v from_o society_n or_o that_o which_o be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n although_o it_o flow_v from_o principle_n internal_a as_o to_o man_n yet_o may_v deserve_o be_v ascribe_v unto_o god_n because_o it_o be_v original_o his_o will_n that_o such_o principle_n shall_v be_v instill_v into_o we_o 3._o chrys_n de_fw-fr diis_fw-la lib._n 3._o so_o chrysostome_n understand_v it_o cum_fw-la naturam_fw-la dico_fw-la deum_fw-la dico_fw-la ipse_fw-la enim_fw-la naturae_fw-la artifex_n when_o i_o say_v nature_n i_o mean_v god_n who_o be_v the_o author_n of_o nature_n neither_o can_v we_o say_v chrysippus_n and_o the_o stoic_n derive_v justice_n from_o any_o other_o root_n than_o from_o jove_n himself_o from_o which_o word_n jove_n the_o latin_a word_n jus_n be_v very_o probable_o at_o first_o derive_v unless_o haply_o we_o have_v rather_o deduce_v it_o from_o jussum_fw-la by_o cut_v off_o the_o last_o syllable_n as_o of_o ossum_fw-la ancient_o be_v now_o make_v os._n moreover_o god_n by_o the_o express_a law_n that_o he_o have_v give_v we_o god_n and_o explain_v by_o the_o law_n give_v by_o god_n have_v make_v those_o very_a principle_n yet_o more_o conspicuous_a to_o they_o that_o be_v of_o weak_a understanding_n restrain_v the_o wander_a and_o otherwise_o exorbitant_a passion_n of_o those_o who_o consult_v their_o own_o or_o the_o safety_n of_o other_o by_o curb_v those_o that_o be_v most_o violent_a with_o a_o strong_a rein_n and_o keep_v they_o within_o his_o own_o bound_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o manner_n and_o of_o the_o end_n beside_o stock_n all_o mankind_n of_o one_o stock_n even_o the_o very_a sacred_a history_n set_v aside_o what_o consist_v in_o precept_n do_v not_o a_o little_a provoke_v we_o to_o mutual_a love_n by_o teach_v we_o that_o we_o be_v all_o of_o we_o bear_v of_o the_o same_o first_o parent_n in_o which_o sense_n what_o florentinus_n say_v be_v every_o true_a that_o nature_n have_v constitute_v all_o mankind_n of_o one_o stock_n or_o kindred_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o for_o one_o man_n to_o betray_v or_o defraud_v another_o be_v impiety_n therefore_o our_o parent_n be_v as_o god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d earthy_a god_n as_o hierocles_n call_v they_o conspicuous_a and_o visible_a god_n who_o do_v imitate_v the_o invisible_a and_o unbegotten_a god_n in_o give_v life_n unto_o other_o 9_o de_fw-fr leg._n 9_o and_o therefore_o plato_n call_v parent_n god_n image_n or_o representative_n to_o who_o we_o owe_v our_o reverence_n as_o to_o the_o god_n themselves_o say_v aristotle_n 11_o nic._n l._n 9_o c._n 11_o yet_o not_o such_o a_o obedience_n as_o be_v infinite_a and_o unlimited_a again_o arise_v the_o civil_a law_n from_o whence_o it_o arise_v see_v that_o it_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o fulfil_v all_o covenant_n and_o agreement_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v some_o mean_n of_o oblige_a man_n among_o themselves_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o other_o mean_v find_v that_o be_v natural_a from_o this_o very_a spring_n flow_v all_o civil_a law_n for_o they_o that_o lift_v themselves_o into_o any_o society_n or_o otherwise_o subject_v themselves_o to_o any_o one_o man_n or_o to_o any_o society_n of_o man_n these_o have_v also_o either_o express_o promise_v or_o from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o ought_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o they_o have_v tacit_o promise_v to_o observe_v and_o fulfil_v whatsoever_o the_o major_a part_n of_o that_o society_n or_o they_o unto_o who_o their_o power_n be_v transfer_v have_v constitute_v or_o ordain_v for_o the_o general_a good_a what_o therefore_o not_o carneades_n only_o profitable_a carneades_n confute_v who_o hold_v that_o all_o be_v lawful_a that_o be_v profitable_a but_o other_o also_o have_v say_v what_o be_v just_a and_o equal_a do_v from_o profit_n spring_n if_o speak_v proper_o be_v not_o true_a for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o product_n of_o humane_a nature_n itself_o which_o although_o we_o shall_v want_v nothing_o yet_o will_v of_o itself_o carry_v we_o to_o a_o desire_n of_o humane_a society_n the_o civil_a law_n than_o acknowledge_v no_o other_o mother_n than_o that_o very_a obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o consent_n which_o because_o it_o derive_v its_o authority_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n therefore_o may_v nature_n be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v grandmother_n to_o this_o law_n but_o even_o from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n there_o arise_v some_o profit_n for_o god_n who_o be_v
christian_n who_o will_v espouse_v no_o sect_n of_o philosopher_n not_o that_o they_o be_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o hold_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v know_v than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o absurd_a but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sect_n that_o can_v discern_v all_o truth_n nor_o any_o but_o what_o hold_v something_o that_o be_v true_a wherefore_o to_o collect_v truth_n thus_o scatter_v and_o through_o so_o many_o sect_n disperse_v into_o one_o body_n this_o they_o conceive_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o deliver_v a_o doctrine_n true_o christian_n thus_o think_v justin_n martyr_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o first_o of_o his_o apologetick_n the_o doctrine_n of_o plato_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o those_o of_o christ_n nor_o be_v they_o altogether_o the_o same_o so_o neither_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o stoic_n poet_n or_o historian_n for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v some_o impress_n of_o reason_n see_v in_o part_n what_o be_v consentaneous_a thereunto_o and_o so_o far_o they_o say_v what_o be_v right_a for_o those_o very_a manner_n 3._o ep._n 96._o de_fw-fr ver_fw-la rel_n c._n 3._o say_v st._n augustin_n which_o cicero_n and_o other_o philosopher_n so_o high_o commend_v be_v both_o teach_v and_o learn_v in_o all_o our_o church_n now_o flourish_v through_o the_o world_n and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o the_o platonist_n 11._o de_fw-fr conf._n l._n 7._o c._n 9_o lib._n 8._o c._n 11._o he_o say_v that_o some_o few_o thing_n be_v correct_v they_o may_v pass_v for_o christian_n it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n that_o some_o of_o the_o platonist_n and_o ancient_a christian_n dissent_v from_o aristotle_n in_o this_o that_o he_o place_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o virtue_n in_o a_o mediocrity_n of_o affection_n and_o action_n which_o be_v thus_o place_v drive_v he_o to_o this_o that_o he_o compact_a two_o several_a virtue_n namely_o liberality_n and_o parsimony_n into_o one_o and_o give_v unto_o truth_n two_o opposite_n not_o equal_o distant_a from_o it_o namely_o vain-boasting_a and_o dissimulation_n and_o impose_v the_o name_n of_o vice_n upon_o some_o thing_n either_o not_o exist_v or_o which_o of_o themselves_o be_v no_o vice_n as_o the_o contempt_n of_o pleasure_n and_o honour_n and_o a_o vacuity_n of_o anger_n against_o man_n but_o that_o this_o foundation_n of_o he_o if_o take_v universal_o be_v not_o right_o lay_v will_v appear_v even_o from_o justice_n itself_o who_o opposite_n be_v too_o much_o or_o too_o little_a when_o he_o can_v not_o find_v in_o the_o affection_n and_o their_o subsequent_a action_n he_o be_v enforce_v to_o seek_v for_o both_o in_o the_o very_a thing_n themselves_o about_o which_o justice_n be_v conversant_a which_o very_o thing_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o leap_v from_o one_o genus_fw-la to_o another_o which_o he_o deserve_o blame_v in_o other_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o receive_v less_o than_o what_o be_v our_o due_n may_v have_v somewhat_o of_o vice_n adhere_v unto_o it_o as_o circumstance_n may_v happen_v for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o what_o any_o man_n so_o abate_v he_o may_v owe_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o either_o himself_o or_o of_o his_o relation_n but_o certain_o it_o can_v be_v repugnant_a to_o justice_n which_o whole_o consist_v in_o abstain_v from_o what_o be_v another_o man_n such_o another_o fallacy_n be_v this_o that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v adultery_n proceed_v from_o lust_n and_o murder_n proceed_v from_o anger_n to_o belong_v proper_o to_o injustice_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o injustice_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o detention_n of_o another_o man_n right_a whether_o out_o of_o lust_n or_o out_o of_o anger_n or_o out_o of_o a_o unadvised_a charity_n or_o out_o of_o a_o ambition_n or_o vainglory_n from_o whence_o the_o great_a injury_n do_v usual_o arise_v it_o matter_n not_o for_o to_o trample_v upon_o all_o temptation_n whatsoever_o rather_o than_o to_o dissolve_v humane_a society_n this_o true_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o justice_n but_o to_o return_v from_o whence_o we_o come_v true_a it_o be_v that_o to_o some_o virtue_n affection_n some_o virtue_n require_v the_o moderation_n of_o our_o affection_n it_o fall_v out_o so_o that_o the_o affection_n must_v be_v moderate_v but_o not_o because_o it_o be_v proper_a and_o perpetual_a to_o all_o virtue_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o but_o because_o right_a reason_n whereupon_o virtue_n always_o and_o every_o where_o attend_v do_v in_o some_o prescribe_v a_o measure_n to_o be_v follow_v not_z other_o not_z whereas_o in_o other_o it_o excite_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o what_o we_o can_v do_v it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o agathias_n 5._o lib._n 5._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n those_o be_v simple_o and_o altogether_o to_o be_v embrace_v in_o which_o that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o our_o duty_n and_o worthy_a our_o choice_n be_v sound_a and_o sincere_a but_o in_o those_o which_o may_v haply_o decline_v unto_o evil_n we_o must_v not_o simple_o and_o absolute_o follow_v but_o so_o far_o only_o as_o be_v convenient_a prudence_n be_v a_o pure_a and_o uncorrupted_a good_a which_o none_o will_v deny_v in_o anger_n that_o which_o stir_v we_o up_o to_o action_n be_v commendable_a but_o that_o which_o exceed_v moderation_n to_o be_v avoid_v as_o be_v damagable_a love_v god_n too_o much_o we_o can_v for_o superstition_n sin_v not_o in_o this_o that_o it_o worship_v god_n too_o much_o but_o in_o that_o it_o worship_v he_o perverse_o neither_o can_v we_o be_v say_v excessive_o to_o desire_v thing_n that_o be_v good_a and_o that_o be_v eternal_a or_o excessive_o to_o fear_v those_o torment_n which_o be_v everlasting_a nor_o too_o much_o to_o hate_v sin_n it_o be_v therefore_o true_o say_v of_o gellius_n some_o thing_n there_o be_v of_o so_o vast_a extent_n that_o they_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o bound_n or_o moderation_n and_o that_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o praiseworthy_a as_o they_o be_v great_a 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the_o time_n and_o the_o people_n be_v the_o great_a be_v their_o authority_n for_o which_o reason_n we_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n and_o roman_n rather_o than_o of_o other_o neither_o do_v i_o despise_v their_o judgement_n especial_o when_o they_o agree_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n from_o hence_o prove_v but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n can_v be_v prove_v otherwise_o the_o opinion_n and_o sentence_n of_o poet_n and_o orator_n be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a authority_n but_o yet_o we_o sometime_o make_v use_n of_o they_o not_o so_o much_o because_o we_o count_v they_o authentic_a or_o authoritative_a but_o rather_o as_o ornament_n to_o confirm_v what_o otherwise_o we_o do_v prove_v scripture_n the_o holy_a scripture_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o such_o book_n as_o holy_a man_n by_o the_o afflate_v of_o god_n spirit_n have_v write_v or_o approve_v we_o often_o make_v use_n yet_o with_o some_o difference_n between_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n the_o former_a be_v by_o some_o quote_v for_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n but_o without_o doubt_n erroneous_o for_o many_o thing_n therein_o do_v proceed_v from_o the_o freewill_n and_o pleasure_n of_o god_n nature_n not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v no_o whit_n repugnant_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o far_o argument_n may_v be_v right_o draw_v from_o thence_o so_o that_o we_o careful_o distinguish_v that_o law_n of_o god_n which_o god_n by_o man_n do_v sometime_o execute_v and_o that_o which_o man_n execute_v among_o themselves_o we_o have_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v avoid_v both_o this_o error_n and_o another_o contrary_n unto_o it_o which_o be_v publish_v the_o old_a testament_n not_o useless_a since_o the_o new_a be_v publish_v that_o after_o the_o time_n of_o the_o
new_a covenant_n there_o be_v no_o use_n at_o all_o to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o old_a as_o to_o this_o we_o be_v of_o a_o contrary_a judgement_n as_o well_o for_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v as_o because_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o new_a law_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v command_v in_o the_o old_a appertain_v to_o virtue_n and_o good_a manner_n the_o same_o or_o much_o great_a be_v command_v in_o the_o new_a and_o after_o this_o manner_n do_v the_o ancient_a christian_a writer_n make_v use_v of_o the_o testimony_n draw_v from_o the_o old_a testament_n but_o to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o book_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n we_o have_v no_o small_a help_n from_o the_o hebrew_a writer_n especial_o those_o who_o be_v thorough_o instruct_v in_o the_o language_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o own_o country_n the_o new_a testament_n i_o do_v also_o make_v use_n of_o to_o instruct_v christian_n in_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o do_v which_o can_v be_v elsewhere_o learned_a which_o notwithstanding_o contrary_a to_o what_o some_o have_v do_v i_o have_v distinguish_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n counsel_n a_o great_a sanctity_n require_v by_o the_o gospel_n thâ—n_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n precept_n distinguish_v from_o counsel_n be_v most_o assure_v that_o in_o that_o most_o holy_a law_n a_o great_a sanctity_n be_v command_v than_o that_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v of_o itself_o require_v neither_o have_v i_o omit_v to_o observe_v what_o be_v rather_o commend_v unto_o we_o than_o command_v that_o so_o we_o may_v understand_v that_o to_o do_v contrary_a to_o that_o which_o be_v command_v be_v impiety_n and_o render_v we_o liable_a to_o punishment_n but_o eager_o to_o aspire_v to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o excellent_a as_o it_o argue_v a_o noble_a and_o generous_a mind_n so_o shall_v it_o not_o want_v its_o due_a reward_n ecclesiastical_a canon_n ecclesiastical_a synodical_a canon_n if_o they_o be_v right_a be_v nothing_o but_o collection_n draw_v from_o the_o general_a say_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o fit_v to_o particular_a case_n which_o do_v usual_o happen_v these_o also_o do_v either_o point_n out_o what_o the_o divine_a law_n do_v enjoin_v or_o exhort_v we_o to_o that_o which_o god_n commend_v unto_o we_o and_o this_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o true_a christian_a church_n faithful_o to_o traduce_v unto_o other_o what_o god_n have_v deliver_v unto_o she_o and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v deliver_v but_o even_o the_o custom_n use_v among_o those_o ancient_a christian_n and_o that_o be_v worthy_a of_o that_o great_a name_n be_v either_o general_o receive_v or_o praise_v be_v deserve_o to_o be_v rank_v with_o the_o canon_n father_n the_o father_n after_o these_o the_o second_o authority_n be_v of_o those_o who_o be_v in_o their_o time_n famous_a among_o christian_n for_o either_o their_o pious_a life_n or_o doctrine_n and_o be_v as_o yet_o never_o note_v for_o any_o great_a error_n for_o even_o these_o man_n also_o ought_v to_o be_v have_v in_o good_a esteem_n as_o to_o what_o with_o great_a asseveration_n they_o affirm_v and_o have_v find_v out_o to_o be_v true_a in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o such_o place_n of_o scripture_n as_o seem_v to_o be_v obscure_a and_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o both_o their_o consent_n be_v the_o great_a and_o they_o draw_v near_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o purity_n long_o before_o any_o supremacy_n be_v usurp_v or_o any_o sect_n or_o faction_n know_v to_o adulterate_a the_o primitive_a truth_n the_o schoolman_n that_o succeed_v to_o these_o schoolman_n the_o schoolman_n do_v often_o show_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o wit_n but_o they_o happen_v to_o live_v in_o very_o unhappy_a time_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o good_a art_n no_o marvel_v then_o if_o among_o many_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o their_o write_n commendable_a there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v pardonable_a and_o yet_o when_o they_o agree_v in_o matter_n of_o morality_n they_o seldom_o err_v be_v very_o quick-sighted_a to_o discern_v what_o in_o the_o say_n of_o other_o man_n be_v to_o be_v reprove_v and_o yet_o even_o in_o this_o very_a endeavour_n of_o they_o to_o defend_v their_o diverse_a opinion_n they_o furnish_v we_o with_o great_a example_n of_o modesty_n while_o they_o contend_v among_o themselves_o with_o reason_n and_o argument_n and_o not_o as_o the_o custom_n now_o begin_v to_o deface_v our_o book_n with_o reproach_n the_o spurious_a issue_n of_o weak_a and_o effeminate_a mind_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o those_o that_o profess_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n the_o first_o be_v they_o who_o pain_n appear_v in_o the_o pandect_a constitution_n the_o sort_n of_o lawyer_n 1._o the_o pandect_a 2._o code_o 3._o novel_a constitution_n the_o code_o of_o theodosius_n and_o justinian_n and_o in_o the_o novel_a constitution_n the_o second_o sort_n be_v they_o who_o succeed_v to_o irnerius_n as_o acursius_n bartolus_n and_o many_o more_o who_o at_o that_o time_n govern_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v of_o those_o who_o join_v humane_a learning_n with_o the_o study_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o first_o i_o confess_v i_o owe_v much_o as_o well_o for_o the_o solidity_n of_o their_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o which_o appertain_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o for_o the_o testimony_n they_o often_o give_v both_o to_o that_o law_n and_o not_o much_o less_o to_o that_o of_o nation_n yet_o so_o that_o even_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o do_v often_o use_v these_o name_n promiscuous_o misapply_v that_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v in_o force_n but_o among_o some_o people_n only_o and_o that_o not_o by_o any_o consent_n or_o agreement_n but_o because_o they_o take_v it_o one_o from_o another_o by_o imitation_n or_o by_o chance_n yea_o and_o even_o those_o thing_n that_o belong_v true_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o ofttimes_o handle_v confuse_o and_o indiscreet_o with_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o roman_a law_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o chapter_n of_o captive_n and_o postliminy_n to_o distinguish_v these_o i_o have_v take_v great_a pain_n the_o second_o sort_n sort_n second_o sort_n regardless_o of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o ancient_a history_n endeavour_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n between_o king_n or_o people_n out_o of_o the_o roman_a law_n assume_v some_o thing_n from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n but_o these_o also_o be_v often_o frustrate_v by_o the_o infelicity_n of_o the_o time_n so_o that_o they_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o those_o law_n although_o otherwise_o acute_a enough_o to_o search_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v good_a and_o right_a whereby_o they_o often_o become_v good_a lawmaker_n though_o not_o so_o good_a expositor_n of_o law_n already_o make_v these_o therefore_o be_v then_o to_o 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bodine_n and_o hottoman_n the_o former_a in_o a_o continue_a treatise_n the_o latter_a in_o some_o scatter_a question_n who_o judgement_n and_o reason_n will_v often_o supply_v we_o with_o matter_n to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n especial_o three_o thing_n the_o author_n propose_v to_o himself_o especial_o in_o this_o whole_a treatise_n i_o chief_o propose_v to_o myself_o three_o thing_n first_o to_o make_v the_o reason_n of_o my_o definition_n as_o evident_a as_o i_o can_v second_o to_o dispose_v the_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o treat_v of_o into_o a_o certain_a order_n and_o method_n and_o three_o clear_o to_o distinguish_v those_o thing_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o but_o be_v not_o i_o have_v purposely_o abstain_v from_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o another_o treatise_n as_o from_o those_o thing_n which_o teach_v we_o what_o be_v of_o common_a use_n to_o be_v do_v because_o these_o have_v a_o art_n
injurer_n although_o those_o injury_n do_v not_o the_o least_o touch_v we_o and_o the_o great_a the_o wrong_a be_v the_o great_a be_v our_o indignation_n against_o he_o that_o do_v it_o no_o man_n be_v equal_o incense_v against_o he_o that_o cut_v a_o purse_n only_o as_o he_o be_v against_o he_o that_o commit_v a_o murder_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n justice_n be_v attribute_v to_o brute_n beast_n it_o be_v improper_o and_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o analogy_n or_o resemblance_n that_o it_o have_v to_o humane_a justice_n 5._o pliny_n l._n 8._o c._n 5._o as_o be_v that_o of_o the_o 30_o elephant_n record_v by_o pliny_n who_o can_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n be_v provoke_v to_o be_v instrumental_a to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o king_n bacchus_n in_o worry_v 30_o other_o elephant_n which_o he_o have_v bind_v to_o so_o many_o tree_n on_o purpose_n to_o have_v they_o destroy_v 10._o lib._n 10._o and_o that_o also_o of_o the_o asp_n record_v by_o the_o same_o pliny_n who_o have_v be_v say_v daily_o at_o a_o man_n table_n kill_v one_o of_o she_o own_o young_a one_o for_o kill_v the_o man_n son_n by_o who_o he_o have_v be_v so_o feed_v and_o will_v never_o afterward_o come_v into_o the_o same_o house_n these_o be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a act_n not_o proper_o but_o only_o as_o they_o have_v some_o faint_a resemblance_n of_o justice_n and_o some_o light_a impression_n of_o reason_n 3._o de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 5._o c._n 3._o seneca_n therefore_o deny_v that_o dumb_a beast_n partake_v any_o thing_n of_o humane_a passion_n yet_o he_o acknowledge_v that_o they_o have_v somewhat_o that_o be_v like_a unto_o they_o they_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v angry_a yet_o have_v they_o some_o violent_a impulse_n like_v unto_o anger_n non_fw-la vitia_fw-la sed_fw-la vitiorum_fw-la simulachra_fw-la they_o have_v no_o vice_n but_o somewhat_o like_a unto_o humane_a vice_n as_o origen_n plead_v against_o celsus_n but_o whether_o the_o act_n itself_o whereupon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v decree_v be_v common_a to_o we_o with_o other_o live_a creature_n as_o the_o education_n of_o our_o issue_n etc._n etc._n or_o proper_a unto_o we_o only_o as_o that_o god_n shall_v be_v worship_v do_v nothing_o appertain_v to_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o right_n xii_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n how_o prove_v but_o that_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v usual_o prove_v two_o way_n either_o by_o argument_n draw_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la or_o by_o such_o as_o be_v draw_v à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la whereof_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v more_o convince_a the_o latter_a more_o vulgar_a and_o plausible_a the_o proof_n by_o the_o former_a way_n be_v by_o show_v the_o necessary_a convenience_n or_o repugnancy_n that_o there_o be_v in_o any_o thing_n with_o rational_a and_o social_n nature_n for_o whatsoever_o can_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o conservation_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o humane_a society_n must_v needs_o be_v institute_v as_o a_o law_n by_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n who_o be_v the_o god_n of_o order_n that_o proof_n which_o be_v à _fw-la postoriori_fw-la be_v when_o we_o can_v though_o not_o demonstrative_o yet_o with_o very_o great_a probability_n collect_v and_o conclude_v that_o to_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v unanimous_o believe_v to_o be_v so_o by_o all_o or_o at_o least_o by_o the_o most_o civilise_v of_o all_o nation_n for_o if_o the_o effect_n be_v universal_a the_o cause_n must_v needs_o be_v so_o to_o but_o of_o so_o universal_a a_o persuasion_n there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o cause_n probabily_n give_v than_o that_o sense_n itself_o which_o be_v call_v common_a that_o of_o hesiod_n have_v be_v high_o celebrate_v by_o many_o what_o nation_n have_v avow_v ought_v not_o by_o private_a man_n be_v disallow_v quae_fw-la communiter_fw-la ita_fw-la videntur_fw-la fida_fw-la sunt_fw-la that_o which_o to_o most_o man_n seem_v true_a may_v be_v believe_v say_v heraclitus_n for_o we_o can_v have_v no_o strong_a proof_n or_o evidence_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o can_v be_v demonstrate_v than_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o wise_a in_o all_o nation_n that_o it_o be_v so_o this_o aristotle_n take_v to_o be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o powerful_a and_o convince_a proof_n si_fw-mi in_o id_fw-la quod_fw-la dicimus_fw-la omnes_fw-la consentiunt_fw-la if_o to_o what_o we_o say_v all_o man_n give_v their_o consent_n of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v cicero_n whatsoever_o all_o nation_n do_v grant_v must_v needs_o be_v the_o voice_n of_o nature_n 11._o 1_o tusc_n ep._n 117._o nic._n l._n 10._o 11._o so_o seneca_n also_o what_o appear_v the_o same_o to_o all_o man_n must_v undoubted_o be_v true_a he_o that_o derogate_v from_o this_o faith_n can_v never_o expect_v to_o be_v believe_v himself_o say_v aristotle_n so_o likewise_o tertullian_n quod_fw-la apud_fw-la multos_fw-la unum_fw-la invenitur_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la erratum_fw-la sed_fw-la traditum_fw-la what_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o most_o be_v not_o error_n but_o tradition_n i_o say_v before_o that_o that_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o nature_n that_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v so_o by_o all_o or_o at_o least_o by_o the_o most_o civilise_v nation_n and_o deserve_o for_o some_o people_n be_v so_o fierce_a and_o savage_a that_o they_o have_v hardly_o any_o humanity_n among_o they_o as_o prophyrie_n right_o observe_v now_o no_o man_n of_o sound_a judgement_n sure_o will_v impute_v this_o as_o a_o general_a reproach_n to_o all_o mankind_n sure_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a and_o the_o same_o with_o all_o mankind_n that_o be_v of_o sound_n and_o perfect_a mind_n rhod._n andr._n rhod._n but_o if_o it_o appear_v otherwise_o to_o such_o be_v of_o distemper_a and_o perverse_a spirit_n or_o have_v be_v so_o corrupt_v through_o a_o evil_a education_n that_o they_o have_v lose_v even_o common_a sense_n and_o all_o natural_a notion_n it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o weaken_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o law_n no_o more_o than_o it_o will_v evince_v that_o honey_n be_v not_o sweet_a because_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v so_o to_o such_o as_o be_v sick_a or_o of_o distemper_a palate_n not_o much_o discrepant_a from_o this_o be_v that_o of_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o pompey_n there_o neither_o be_v nor_o ever_o be_v any_o man_n by_o nature_n wild_a and_o unsociable_a many_o have_v indeed_o be_v make_v so_o by_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o live_v like_o beast_n beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n law_n and_o yet_o even_o these_o by_o change_v their_o manner_n of_o life_n or_o the_o place_n of_o their_o abode_n be_v easy_o reduce_v to_o become_v gentle_a and_o sociable_a and_o therefore_o aristotle_n in_o the_o description_n that_o he_o give_v of_o man_n make_v this_o as_o it_o be_v his_o proper_a passion_n that_o he_o be_v by_o nature_n a_o creature_n mild_a and_o tractable_a 3._o top._n l._n 5._o c._n 3._o especial_o if_o we_o judge_v of_o he_o according_a to_o that_o general_a rule_n that_o the_o same_o aristotle_n lay_v down_o quid_fw-la naturale_fw-la sit_fw-la spectandum_fw-la in_o his_o quae_fw-la bene_fw-la secundum_fw-la naturam_fw-la se_fw-la habent_fw-la non_fw-la in_o depravatis_fw-la 5._o pol._n l._n 1._o 5._o what_o be_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v best_a know_v by_o those_o that_o be_v perfect_a in_o their_o own_o kind_n and_o not_o by_o those_o that_o be_v deprave_v and_o corrupt_v for_o if_o we_o steer_v our_o judgement_n by_o this_o rule_n we_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v man_n to_o be_v in_o his_o own_o nature_n the_o most_o meek_a gentle_a and_o peaceable_a creature_n of_o all_o other_o as_o have_v nothing_o by_o nature_n give_v he_o whereby_o either_o to_o offend_v other_o or_o to_o defend_v himself_o beside_o as_o nature_n have_v make_v he_o the_o gentle_a of_o all_o other_o live_v creature_n so_o as_o philo_n observe_v have_v she_o make_v he_o sociable_a nay_o greedy_a of_o society_n and_o have_v also_o fit_v he_o thereunto_o by_o give_v he_o that_o excellent_a ornament_n of_o speech_n wherewith_o his_o passion_n though_o never_o so_o fierce_a and_o rage_a be_v sudden_o as_o if_o by_o some_o spell_n or_o incantation_n becalm_v xiii_o voluntary_a law_n another_o species_n of_o jus_o as_o take_v for_o a_o law_n there_o be_v which_o we_o call_v voluntary_a because_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o will_n which_o be_v either_o divine_a or_o humane_a fourteen_o humane_a law_n divide_v we_o shall_v begin_v with_o that_o which_o be_v humane_a because_o it_o be_v more_o general_o know_v and_o this_o be_v either_o civil_a or_o that_o which_o be_v more_o extend_v or_o that_o which_o be_v more_o contract_v than_o civil_a the_o civil_a law_n be_v that_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o civil_a power_n the_o civil_a power_n
be_v full_o stock_v with_o man_n lest_o the_o same_o licence_n shall_v again_o increase_v god_n think_v fit_a to_o restrain_v it_o by_o a_o more_o severe_a punishment_n so_o that_o correct_v the_o lenity_n of_o the_o former_a age_n what_o nature_n before_o judge_v not_o unjust_a he_o himself_o permit_v to_o be_v do_v namely_o that_o he_o that_o shed_v man_n blood_n shall_v himself_o be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o that_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o homicide_n shall_v be_v hold_v innocent_a but_o afterward_o tribunal_n be_v erect_v this_o power_n for_o many_o weighty_a reason_n be_v transfer_v to_o judge_n only_o yet_o so_o that_o some_o print_n of_o that_o ancient_a custom_n be_v to_o be_v see_v even_o after_o moses_n his_o law_n be_v give_v whereof_o more_o shall_v be_v say_v anon_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o right_n which_o be_v grant_v unto_o he_o that_o be_v next_o of_o kin_n unto_o he_o that_o have_v be_v slay_v we_o have_v abraham_n practice_n to_o justify_v this_o gloss_n who_o though_o he_o very_o well_o know_v the_o law_n that_o god_n give_v unto_o noah_n gen._n 9.6_o yet_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o four_o king_n presume_v on_o that_o principle_n of_o nature_n that_o to_o destroy_v the_o destroyer_n be_v not_o displease_v to_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n thus_o moses_n command_v the_o israelite_n to_o fight_v the_o amalekite_n who_o with_o arm_n oppose_v their_o passage_n into_o canaan_n have_v no_o other_o warrant_n for_o so_o do_v than_o the_o bare_a law_n of_o nature_n for_o it_o appear_v not_o that_o in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o like_a case_n he_o consult_v with_o god_n at_o all_o exod._n 17.9_o 17.9_o exod._n 17.9_o whereunto_o we_o may_v likewise_o add_v that_o capital_a punishment_n be_v execute_v not_o against_o murder_n only_o but_o against_o other_o great_a crime_n and_o that_o not_o among_o the_o gentile_n only_o but_o even_o among_o the_o patriarch_n as_o the_o story_n of_o judah_n and_o thamar_n do_v clear_o evince_v gen._n 38.14_o 38.14_o gen._n 38.14_o rational_o conjecture_v by_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o like_a to_o like_v that_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o god_n will_n that_o the_o punishment_n ordain_v against_o homicide_n may_v just_o be_v inflict_v on_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o criminous_a for_o some_o thing_n there_o be_v that_o we_o equal_o value_v as_o we_o do_v our_o life_n such_o be_v our_o honour_n our_o virgin_n chastity_n our_o matrimonial_a faith_n and_o such_o thing_n without_o which_o our_o life_n can_v be_v well_o secure_v as_o our_o reverence_n to_o our_o prince_n without_o which_o no_o society_n can_v be_v preserve_v now_o they_o that_o offend_v against_o any_o of_o these_o be_v no_o better_o than_o homicide_n and_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v equal_o punish_v with_o they_o hence_o arise_v that_o ancient_a tradition_n among_o the_o hebrew_n that_o god_n give_v more_o law_n to_o noah_n than_o be_v record_v by_o moses_n who_o think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o insert_v they_o among_o those_o law_n which_o god_n give_v to_o the_o hebrew_n by_o himself_o moses_n incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v before_o moses_n incestuous_a marriage_n be_v certain_o forbid_v by_o some_o law_n before_o moses_n his_o time_n for_o which_o god_n be_v say_v to_o visit_v the_o heathen_a and_o to_o cast_v they_o out_o for_o it_o have_v not_o be_v account_v as_o a_o sin_n and_o so_o not_o punishable_a by_o desolation_n have_v there_o be_v no_o law_n to_o forbid_v it_o and_o yet_o we_o do_v not_o find_v it_o in_o any_o place_n express_o prohibit_v until_o moses_n record_v it_o as_o punish_v leu._n 18._o among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v command_v by_o god_n to_o the_o son_n of_o noah_n they_o reckon_v this_o that_o not_o only_a murder_n but_o adultery_n incest_n and_o violent_a rape_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v as_o well_o by_o the_o story_n of_o abimelech_n gen._n 20.6_o 20.6_o gen._n 20.6_o as_o by_o the_o word_n of_o holy_a job_n job_n 31.11_o 31.11_o job_n 31.11_o but_o the_o law_n give_v by_o moses_n add_v the_o reason_n of_o these_o capital_a punishment_n which_o be_v no_o less_o in_o force_n among_o the_o gentile_n than_o among_o his_o own_o people_n 20.8_o psal_n 101.5_o prov._n 20.8_o as_o it_o be_v most_o apparent_a leu._n 18.24_o 25._o and_o the_o 27_o and_o 28._o verse_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o land_n be_v defile_v with_o blood_n can_v not_o be_v cleanse_v but_o by_o the_o blood_n of_o he_o that_o shed_v it_o numb_a 35.31_o 33._o and_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o think_v that_o god_n shall_v indulge_v this_o favour_n to_o the_o jew_n only_o that_o they_o may_v defend_v themselves_o by_o war_n and_o punish_v malefactor_n with_o death_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n forbid_v it_o to_o other_o nation_n neither_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o prophet_n be_v at_o any_o time_n send_v by_o god_n to_o admonish_v or_o reprove_v either_o king_n or_o people_n for_o either_o inflict_a capital_a punishment_n on_o malefactor_n or_o for_o undertake_v a_o war_n mere_o as_o war_n as_o they_o be_v to_o reprove_v other_o sin_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a who_o will_v not_o think_v but_o that_o see_v moses_n judicial_a law_n be_v observe_v to_o carry_v the_o stamp_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n those_o nation_n do_v wise_o and_o pious_o who_o form_v their_o law_n according_a to_o that_o original_n as_o questionless_a the_o greek_n especial_o the_o attick_n do_v and_o from_o they_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n but_o let_v this_o suffice_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o law_n of_o noah_n be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o they_o conceive_v who_o by_o they_o will_v evince_v all_o war_n to_o be_v unlawful_a vi_o caution_n concern_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o war_n by_o the_o gospel_n law_n but_o much_o more_o specious_a be_v those_o argument_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o new_a testament_n against_o war_n in_o the_o examination_n whereof_o i_o shall_v not_o take_v that_o as_o grant_v which_o some_o do_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n command_v except_o matter_n of_o faith_n and_o the_o sacrament_n but_o what_o be_v command_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o this_o in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o they_o take_v it_o i_o can_v admit_v it_o but_o this_o i_o willing_o grant_v that_o there_o caution_n 1_o be_v nothing_o command_v in_o the_o gospel_n but_o what_o be_v natural_o honest_a but_o that_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n do_v not_o oblige_v we_o further_o than_o to_o what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v by_o itself_o bind_v we_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o i_o shall_v admit_v and_o for_o they_o that_o approve_v of_o this_o opinion_n it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o see_v what_o pain_n they_o take_v to_o prove_v that_o polygamy_n divorce_n fornication_n which_o we_o find_v forbid_v in_o the_o new_a testament_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n unlawful_a hence_o be_v that_o of_o st._n jerome_n aliae_fw-la 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nature_n say_v justin_n caution_n 2_o martyr_n of_o which_o opinion_n likewise_o be_v origen_n neither_o can_v i_o assent_v unto_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o christ_n in_o his_o sermon_n on_o the_o mount_n do_v only_o interpret_v and_o as_o it_o be_v embowel_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n for_o those_o word_n so_o often_o repeat_v you_o have_v hear_v that_o it_o have_v be_v say_v to_o they_o of_o old_a but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o do_v plain_o signify_v another_o thing_n yea_o and_o the_o syriack_n and_o other_o translation_n do_v clear_o show_v that_o by_o veteribus_fw-la be_v understand_v not_o by_o but_o to_o they_o of_o old_a as_o in_o the_o opposite_a word_n vobis_fw-la be_v not_o mean_v by_o but_o to_o you_o but_o those_o of_o old_a be_v none_o other_o but_o such_o as_o live_v in_o moses_n
ordinary_a course_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v have_v now_o judgement_n cease_v either_o for_o a_o while_n only_o or_o for_o continuance_n for_o a_o while_n when_o the_o judge_n can_v be_v so_o long_o wait_v for_o without_o certain_a danger_n and_o damage_n servius_n upon_o these_o word_n of_o virgil_n injicere_fw-la manum_fw-la parcae_fw-la the_o fate_n have_v snatch_v he_o hence_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o a_o phrase_n borrow_v from_o the_o law_n for_o it_o be_v call_v injectio_fw-la manus_fw-la the_o snatch_v away_o of_o a_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v by_o force_n when_o without_o attend_v the_o warrant_n of_o authority_n we_o sudden_o seize_v upon_o something_o that_o be_v our_o due_n which_o be_v usual_o do_v when_o the_o law_n do_v for_o a_o while_o cease_v and_o sometime_o there_o be_v a_o total_a and_o continue_a cessation_n of_o judgement_n and_o that_o either_o by_o right_n or_o in_o fact_n by_o right_o as_o in_o place_n that_o be_v desert_n and_o unoccupied_a on_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o island_n not_o inhabit_v and_o in_o any_o other_o such_o place_n wherein_o be_v not_o civil_a society_n in_o fact_n as_o when_o subject_n do_v not_o regard_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o judge_n or_o the_o judge_n public_o refuse_v to_o examine_v the_o case_n now_o what_o we_o say_v before_o namely_o that_o since_o public_a judicatory_n be_v establish_v all_o private_a war_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v clear_o evince_v by_o the_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n 22.2_o exod._n 22.2_o where_o god_n give_v this_o charge_n by_o moses_n if_o a_o thief_n be_v find_v break_v up_o i._o e._n by_o night_n and_o be_v smite_v that_o he_o die_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o blood_n shed_v for_o he_o but_o if_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v upon_o he_o there_o shall_v be_v blood_n shed_v for_o he_o certain_o this_o law_n so_o accurate_o distinguish_v of_o the_o time_n when_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v seem_v not_o only_o to_o induce_v a_o 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of_o all_o nation_n that_o as_o yet_o we_o have_v know_v he_o that_o by_o arm_n shall_v defend_v himself_o against_o he_o that_o attempt_v to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n be_v account_v guiltless_a which_o so_o plain_a a_o consent_n do_v evident_o assure_v we_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n iii_o neither_o be_v it_o repugnant_a to_o the_o evangelical_n law_n but_o whether_o this_o private_a war_n be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o more_o perfect_a law_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v somewhat_o more_o doubtful_a i_o dare_v not_o but_o grant_v that_o almighty_a god_n who_o have_v a_o much_o great_a power_n over_o life_n than_o we_o have_v may_v have_v impose_v upon_o we_o such_o a_o unlimited_a patience_n that_o even_o private_o in_o a_o case_n of_o imminent_a danger_n we_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v kill_v than_o to_o kill_v but_o whether_o it_o be_v his_o pleasure_n thus_o strict_o to_o tie_v we_o up_o be_v the_o thing_n in_o question_n there_o be_v two_o place_n of_o scripture_n that_o seem_v to_o favour_v the_o affirmative_a which_o we_o quote_v above_o when_o we_o handle_v the_o general_a question_n the_o former_a be_v that_o in_o the_o five_o of_o mat._n v._n 39_o 5.39_o mat._n 5.39_o resist_v not_o he_o that_o do_v thou_o a_o injury_n and_o the_o latter_a that_o in_o the_o twelve_o to_o the_o rom._n v._n 19_o dear_o belove_v avenge_v not_o yourselves_o which_o the_o latin_a translation_n render_v defend_v not_o yourselves_o but_o a_o three_o may_v be_v add_v namely_o that_o of_o christ_n to_o peter_n 26.52_o mat._n 26.52_o put_v up_o thy_o sword_n into_o the_o sheath_n for_o they_o that_o take_v the_o sword_n shall_v perish_v by_o the_o sword_n some_o there_o be_v likewise_o that_o urge_v the_o example_n of_o christ_n himself_o who_o die_v for_o his_o enemy_n rom._n 5.8_o 10._o neither_o be_v there_o want_v among_o the_o ancient_n some_o who_o although_o they_o do_v not_o disallow_v of_o public_a war_n yet_o believe_v that_o all_o private_a even_o that_o which_o be_v defensive_a be_v forbid_v some_o place_n out_o of_o st._n ambrose_n for_o war_n we_o allege_v above_o but_o many_o more_o and_o much_o clear_a and_o more_o general_o know_v may_v be_v produce_v out_o of_o st._n augustine_n 10._o in_o luc._n 10._o but_o yet_o the_o same_o ambrose_n in_o another_o place_n say_v that_o haply_o therefore_o christ_n say_v unto_o peter_n when_o he_o show_v he_o two_o sword_n it_o be_v enough_o as_o if_o till_o the_o gospel_n come_v it_o have_v be_v lawful_a that_o so_o there_o may_v be_v as_o in_o the_o law_n the_o doctrine_n of_o equity_n so_o in_o the_o gospel_n the_o doctrine_n of_o verity_n 3._o de_fw-fr off_z l._n 3._o c._n 3._o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o a_o christian_a though_o assault_v by_o robber_n ought_v not_o to_o strike_v again_o ne_fw-fr dum_fw-la salutem_fw-la defendit_fw-la pietatem_fw-la contaminet_fw-la lest_o whilst_o he_o seek_v to_o preserve_v his_o own_o safety_n 15._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr lib._n arb._n 15._o he_o sin_n against_o piety_n and_o st._n augustin_n himself_o speak_v of_o thief_n and_o robber_n say_v legem_fw-la quidem_fw-la non_fw-la reprehendo_fw-la qua_fw-la tale_n permittit_fw-la interfici_fw-la sed_fw-la quomodo_fw-la istos_fw-la qui_fw-la intersiciunt_fw-la defendam_fw-la non_fw-la invenio_fw-la the_o law_n that_o adjudge_v these_o man_n to_o death_n 55._o ep._n 154._o ad_fw-la publ._n cap._n 43._o &_o 55._o i_o disallow_v not_o but_o how_o to_o justify_v the_o executioner_n i_o find_v not_o and_o in_o another_o place_n but_o as_o to_o they_o that_o give_v advice_n that_o some_o man_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n lest_o other_o by_o they_o shall_v be_v destroy_v i_o can_v subscribe_v unless_o he_o that_o kill_v he_o be_v either_o a_o soldier_n or_o a_o public_a executioner_n who_o do_v it_o not_o by_o his_o own_o but_o by_o public_a authority_n and_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v basil_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o second_o epistle_n to_o amphilochius_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v the_o last_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o orleans_n 2._o c._n 13._o q._n 2._o cite_v by_o gratian._n but_o the_o opposite_a opinion_n as_o it_o be_v more_o catholic_n so_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n namely_o that_o christian_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o such_o a_o height_n of_o patience_n we_o be_v indeed_o command_v by_o the_o christian_a law_n to_o love_v our_o neighbour_n as_o ourselves_o but_o not_o above_o ourselves_o so_o that_o when_o we_o be_v both_o of_o we_o involve_v in_o the_o same_o or_o in_o equal_a danger_n we_o be_v no_o where_n forbid_v to_o preser_fw-ge our_o own_o safety_n before_o another_o as_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v by_o the_o rule_n st._n paul_n give_v to_o christian_a beneficence_n and_o which_o cassiodore_n in_o the_o duty_n or_o office_n of_o friendship_n likewise_o confirm_v there_o be_v say_v he_o neither_o law_n nor_o reason_n anicitia_fw-la cass_n de_fw-fr anicitia_fw-la that_o can_v oblige_v we_o to_o redeem_v another_o man_n soul_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o our_o own_o or_o to_o procure_v the_o preservation_n of_o his_o body_n set_v aside_o our_o hope_n of_o eternal_a salvation_n with_o the_o certainty_n of_o our_o own_o ruin_n but_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v object_v that_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o prefer_v ourselves_o before_o other_o in_o danger_n that_o be_v equal_a but_o not_o in_o such_o as_o be_v unequal_a and_o therefore_o i_o ought_v rather_o to_o give_v up_o my_o own_o life_n than_o to_o suffer_v he_o that_o invade_v i_o to_o fall_v into_o eternal_a damnation_n to_o this_o we_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o that_o be_v assault_v may_v stand_v in_o as_o much_o need_n of_o time_n to_o repent_v in_o and_o that_o the_o aggressor_n may_v also_o have_v
also_o those_o that_o succeed_v to_o they_o in_o a_o right_a line_n hold_v their_o kingdom_n by_o a_o usufructuary_n right_a that_o be_v they_o hold_v they_o as_o to_o all_o the_o right_n and_o profit_n but_o not_o to_o alienate_v they_o but_o other_o hold_v their_o kingdom_n by_o a_o full_a right_n of_o propriety_n as_o they_o that_o by_o a_o just_a war_n have_v conquer_v they_o or_o he_o to_o who_o any_o people_n to_o prevent_v great_a mischief_n have_v yield_v themselves_o subject_n for_o protection_n so_o as_o they_o reserve_v nothing_o unto_o themselves_o neither_o do_v i_o agree_v with_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o the_o roman_a dictator_n during_o his_o time_n can_v not_o have_v supreme_a power_n because_o it_o be_v not_o perpetual_a for_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o moral_a thing_n be_v best_a know_v by_o their_o operation_n wherefore_o those_o power_n that_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n be_v to_o be_v call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n but_o a_o dictator_n during_o his_o time_n exercise_v all_o right_n that_o a_o king_n do_v who_o hold_v his_o kingdom_n by_o a_o full_a right_n neither_o can_v any_o act_n of_o his_o be_v make_v void_a by_o any_o other_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o case_n of_o fabius_n rutilianus_n who_o when_o the_o people_n will_v have_v preserve_v they_o can_v deal_v with_o the_o dictator_n by_o no_o other_o mean_n but_o by_o petition_n whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o he_o have_v the_o same_o supreme_a power_n now_o the_o duration_n or_o continuation_n of_o a_o thing_n alter_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o yet_o if_o question_n be_v make_v concern_v the_o dignity_n which_o be_v usual_o call_v majesty_n doubtless_o he_o that_o have_v it_o perpetuate_v unto_o he_o have_v the_o great_a majesty_n than_o he_o that_o have_v it_o for_o a_o time_n limit_v only_o because_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o add_v much_o to_o the_o dignity_n of_o he_o that_o hold_v it_o now_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o king_n time_n protector_n have_v absolute_a power_n during_o their_o time_n may_v also_o be_v say_v of_o such_o as_o be_v either_o during_o the_o minority_n of_o king_n or_o during_o their_o captivity_n or_o lunacy_n appoint_a protector_n for_o neither_o be_v those_o subject_n unto_o the_o people_n nor_o be_v their_o power_n revocable_a before_o the_o time_n come_v appoint_v by_o the_o law_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o with_o those_o who_o have_v a_o right_n which_o be_v at_o any_o time_n revocable_a 1._o some_o kingdom_n hold_v during_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o people_n procop._n vand._n lib._n 1._o as_o they_o who_o reign_v only_o during_o the_o pleasure_n of_o other_o such_o be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o vandal_n in_o africa_n and_o of_o the_o goth_n in_o spain_n who_o be_v as_o often_o depose_v as_o they_o displease_v the_o people_n and_o every_o act_n of_o they_o may_v be_v make_v void_a because_o they_o who_o give_v they_o that_o power_n give_v it_o under_o condition_n of_o revocation_n and_o therefore_o not_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n they_o can_v not_o be_v say_v to_o have_v the_o same_o right_n xii_o some_o sovereign_a power_n be_v hold_v full_o with_o a_o right_n of_o alienation_n against_o what_o i_o have_v before_o say_v that_o some_o kingdom_n be_v hold_v in_o full_a right_n of_o propriety_n that_o be_v as_o patrimonial_a there_o be_v very_o learned_a man_n that_o make_v this_o objection_n that_o man_n be_v free_a be_v not_o to_o be_v traffic_v away_o from_o one_o to_o another_o as_o thing_n that_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v but_o as_o the_o power_n of_o a_o master_n be_v different_a from_o that_o of_o a_o king_n so_o be_v personal_a liberty_n from_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a and_o the_o freedom_n of_o singular_a person_n from_o the_o freedom_n of_o state_n the_o stoic_n themselves_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o servivitude_n in_o subjection_n 2._o hottom_n cont._n illust_n qâ—ae_fw-la i._n 1._o diog._n laâ—â—t_n 1_o sam._n 22.28_o 2_o sam._n 10.2_o 1_o king_n 9.22_o liv._o lib._n 1._o lib._n 2._o and_o the_o subject_n of_o king_n be_v sometime_o in_o holy_a writ_n call_v their_o servant_n as_o personal_a liberty_n exclude_v the_o power_n of_o a_o master_n so_o also_o do_v civil_a liberty_n that_o of_o empire_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o sovereignty_n proper_o so_o call_v livy_n thus_o oppose_v they_o before_o man_n have_v taste_v the_o sweetness_n of_o liberty_n they_o desire_v a_o king_n and_o again_o what_o a_o shame_n be_v it_o for_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n who_o when_o they_o serve_v under_o king_n be_v never_o straighten_a by_o war_n nor_o besiege_v by_o a_o enemy_n 45._o lib._n 45._o be_v now_o a_o free_a people_n to_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o hetruscan_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o people_n of_o rome_n live_v not_o now_o under_o kingly_a government_n but_o in_o liberty_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o oppose_v those_o nation_n that_o be_v free_a unto_o those_o that_o live_v under_o king_n so_o also_o seneca_n the_o father_n 1._o sâ—as_n 1._o we_o ought_v not_o to_o give_v our_o opinion_n in_o a_o free_a state_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o do_v under_o king_n yea_o and_o cicero_n either_o we_o do_v not_o well_o to_o expel_v king_n or_o we_o ought_v to_o restore_v the_o people_n to_o liberty_n 1._o de_fw-fr leg_n 3._o ann._n l._n 1._o not_o in_o word_n only_o but_o in_o deed_n after_o these_o come_v tacitus_n the_o city_n of_o rome_n say_v he_o be_v at_o first_o govern_v by_o king_n but_o it_o be_v l._n brutus_n that_o institute_v liberty_n and_o consular_a authority_n and_o to_o be_v short_a every_o where_n among_o the_o roman_a law_n when_o they_o treat_v of_o war_n and_o recuperatory_n judgement_n all_o foreigner_n be_v distinguish_v into_o king_n and_o free_a people_n the_o question_n then_o here_o put_v respect_v not_o personal_a but_o civil_a subjection_n in_o which_o sense_n some_o nation_n be_v say_v not_o to_o have_v power_n over_o themselves_o hence_o be_v that_o in_o livy_n which_o city_n field_n and_o man_n be_v sometime_o under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o aetolian_n and_o that_o also_o be_v the_o people_n of_o collatia_n a_o free_a people_n i._n e._n have_v they_o any_o power_n over_o themselves_o nevertheless_o to_o speak_v proper_o when_o any_o people_n be_v say_v to_o be_v alienate_v alienate_v when_o a_o kingdom_n be_v alienate_v it_o be_v not_o the_o people_n but_o the_o right_n of_o govern_v they_o that_o be_v alienate_v it_o be_v not_o the_o man_n but_o the_o perpetual_a right_n of_o govern_v themselves_o as_o they_o be_v a_o people_n that_o be_v alienate_v as_o vain_a and_o frivolous_a be_v that_o inference_n which_o conclude_v that_o because_o king_n conquer_v nation_n by_o the_o blood_n and_o sweat_n of_o their_o citizen_n therefore_o what_o be_v so_o conquer_v aught_o of_o right_a to_o belong_v rather_o to_o they_o than_o to_o he_o for_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o that_o king_n may_v pay_v his_o army_n out_o of_o his_o own_o private_a estate_n as_o m._n anthony_n do_v in_o his_o bohemian_a war_n who_o when_o the_o roman_a treasury_n be_v exhaust_v be_v unwilling_a to_o impose_v any_o more_o tax_n upon_o the_o people_n bring_v into_o trajan's_n court_n and_o make_v sale_n of_o all_o his_o vessel_n of_o gold_n silver_n crystal_n and_o myrrh_n together_o with_o his_o own_o and_o his_o wife_n robe_n of_o silk_n and_o gold_n and_o all_o other_o their_o ornament_n and_o jewel_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o war._n or_o he_o may_v pay_v his_o army_n out_o of_o the_o rent_n and_o profit_n of_o that_o patrimony_n which_o attend_v the_o principality_n and_o therefore_o ferdinando_n claim_v to_o himself_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n which_o he_o have_v gain_v with_o the_o rent_n and_o profit_v he_o have_v raise_v out_o of_o castille_n during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o marriage_n as_o mariana_n testify_v hispan_n lib._n 28._o hist_o hispan_n for_o although_o a_o king_n have_v but_o the_o mean_a profit_n arise_v out_o of_o that_o patrimony_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o have_v the_o right_a of_o govern_v the_o people_n who_o have_v elect_v he_o yet_o be_v those_o profit_n proper_o his_o own_o as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n where_o though_o the_o inheritance_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v restore_v yet_o the_o profit_n be_v not_o because_o they_o be_v perceive_v not_o from_o the_o inheritance_n but_o from_o the_o thing_n itself_o possible_a therefore_o it_o be_v that_o a_o king_n may_v be_v so_o possess_v of_o the_o government_n over_o some_o people_n in_o his_o own_o proper_a right_n that_o it_o be_v in_o his_o own_o power_n to_o alienate_v it_o as_o it_o be_v grant_v to_o baldwin_n by_o those_o that_o accompany_v he_o in_o his_o expedition_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n that_o the_o half_a of_o
the_o very_a same_o word_n but_o yet_o if_o either_o for_o this_o or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n any_o injury_n be_v offer_v unto_o we_o because_o it_o so_o please_v he_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n it_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v patient_o tolerate_v than_o by_o force_n resist_v for_o although_o we_o do_v not_o owe_v a_o active_a obedience_n to_o such_o command_n of_o prince_n yet_o we_o do_v owe_v a_o passive_a though_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o of_o nature_n to_o fulfil_v the_o will_n of_o the_o great_a monarch_n yet_o ought_v we_o rather_o patient_o to_o submit_v to_o whatsoever_o he_o shall_v inflict_v upon_o we_o for_o not_o obey_v than_o by_o resistance_n to_o violate_v our_o country_n peace_n the_o best_a and_o safe_a course_n we_o can_v steer_v in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v either_o by_o flight_n to_o preserve_v ourselves_o or_o resolve_o to_o undergo_v whatsoever_o shall_v be_v impose_v on_o we_o ii_o war_n against_o superior_n as_o such_o unlawful_a and_o natural_o all_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o repel_v injury_n from_o themselves_o by_o resist_v they_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v but_o civil_a society_n be_v once_o institute_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n there_o present_o succeed_v unto_o that_o commonwealth_n a_o certain_a great_a right_o over_o we_o and_o we_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o that_o end_n and_o therefore_o that_o promiscuous_a right_n that_o nature_n give_v we_o to_o resist_v the_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o good_a order_n and_o the_o public_a peace_n have_v a_o right_a to_o prohibit_v which_o without_o all_o doubt_n it_o do_v see_v that_o otherwise_o it_o can_v obtain_v the_o end_n it_o propose_v to_o itself_o for_o in_o case_n that_o promiscuous_a right_n of_o forceable_a resistance_n shall_v be_v tolerate_v it_o will_v be_v no_o long_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v a_o sanctuary_n against_o oppression_n but_o a_o confuse_a rabble_n such_o as_o that_o of_o the_o cyclops_n whereof_o the_o poet_n thus_o where_o every_o ass_n may_v on_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n judgement_n pass_v a_o dissolute_a company_n where_o all_o be_v speaker_n and_o no_o hearer_n like_a unto_o that_o which_o valerius_n record_v of_o the_o bebricii_fw-la who_o all_o league_n and_o law_n disdain_v and_o justice_n which_o man_n mind_n in_o peace_n retain_v sallust_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o wild_a and_o savage_a people_n live_v like_o beast_n in_o wood_n and_o mountain_n without_o law_n and_o without_o government_n who_o he_o call_v aborigines_n and_o in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o getuli_n who_o have_v neither_o law_n good_a custom_n nor_o any_o prince_n to_o govern_v they_o but_o city_n can_v subsist_v without_o these_o generale_fw-mi pactum_fw-la est_fw-la societatis_fw-la humanae_fw-la regibus_fw-la obedire_fw-la all_o humane_a society_n say_v st._n augustine_n unanimous_o agree_v in_o this_o to_o obey_v king_n so_o aeschylus_n king_n live_v by_o their_o own_o law_n subject_n to_o none_o and_o sophocles_n they_o prince_n be_v obey_v we_o must_v what_o not_o to_o the_o same_o tune_n sing_v euripides_n folly_n in_o king_n must_v be_v with_o patience_n bear_v whereunto_o agree_v that_o of_o tacitus_n principi_fw-la summum_fw-la rerum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la dii_fw-la dederunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n subditis_fw-la obsequii_fw-la gloria_fw-la relicta_fw-la est_fw-la god_n have_v invest_v a_o prince_n with_o sovereign_a power_n leave_v nothing_o to_o subject_n but_o the_o glory_n of_o obedience_n and_o here_o also_o sen._n sen._n thing_n base_a seem_v noble_a when_o by_o prince_n do_v what_o they_o impose_v bear_v thou_o be_v it_o right_a or_o wrong_n wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o sallust_n impunè_fw-la quid_fw-la vis_fw-la facere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la regem_fw-la esse_fw-la to_o do_v anything_o without_o fear_n of_o punishment_n be_v peculiar_a to_o king_n for_o as_o mark_n anthony_n urge_v in_o herod_n case_n if_o he_o be_v accountable_a for_o what_o he_o have_v do_v as_o a_o king_n he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o king_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o majesty_n of_o such_o as_o have_v sovereign_a power_n whether_o in_o one_o or_o more_o be_v sence_v with_o so_o many_o and_o so_o severe_a law_n and_o the_o licentiousness_n of_o subject_n restrain_v with_o such_o sharp_a and_o exquisite_a torment_n which_o be_v unreasonable_a if_o to_o resist_v they_o be_v lawful_a if_o a_o soldier_n resist_v his_o captain_n that_o strike_v he_o again_o a_o officer_n strike_v must_v not_o be_v strike_v again_o and_o but_o lie_v hold_v on_o his_o partisan_n he_o shall_v be_v cashier_v but_o if_o he_o either_o break_v it_o or_o offer_v to_o strike_v again_o he_o shall_v be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o as_o aristotle_n observe_v if_o he_o that_o be_v a_o officer_n strike_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v strike_v again_o iii_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o make_v war_n against_o our_o superior_n prove_v by_o the_o jewish_a law_n by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n he_o that_o behave_v himself_o contumacious_o against_o either_o the_o highpriest_n or_o against_o he_o who_o be_v extraordinary_o by_o god_n ordain_v to_o govern_v his_o people_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o that_o which_o in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o samuel_n be_v speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o king_n to_o he_o that_o thorough_o inspect_v it_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o their_o true_a and_o just_a right_n that_o be_v of_o what_o they_o may_v do_v just_o and_o honest_o for_o the_o duty_n of_o king_n be_v much_o otherwise_o describe_v deut._n 8.11_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v bare_o of_o what_o he_o will_v do_v for_o than_o it_o have_v signify_v nothing_o that_o be_v singular_a or_o extraordinary_a 17.14_o jos_n 1.18_o 1_o sam._n 8.11_o deut._n 17.14_o for_o private_a man_n do_v the_o same_o to_o private_a man_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o usurp_v or_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o privilege_n of_o what_o be_v right_a that_o be_v that_o it_o must_v not_o be_v resist_v although_o it_o be_v not_o right_a for_o king_n have_v a_o right_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o and_o what_o in_o other_o be_v punishable_a in_o they_o be_v not_o that_o old_a say_v summum_fw-la jus_o summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la extreme_a right_n be_v extreme_a wrong_n be_v best_a fit_v to_o the_o case_n of_o king_n who_o absolute_a power_n makâ—s_v that_o seem_v right_a which_o strict_o take_v be_v not_o so_o there_o be_v a_o main_a difference_n between_o right_a in_o this_o sense_n take_v just_a right_o difference_v from_o just_a and_o just_o for_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o comprehend_v whatsoever_o may_v be_v do_v without_o fear_n of_o punishment_n but_o just_o respect_v only_a thing_n lawful_a and_o honest_a and_o though_o some_o king_n there_o be_v who_o be_v what_o servius_n in_o cicero_n philippic_n be_v command_v to_o be_v magis_fw-la justitiae_fw-la quam_fw-la juris_fw-la consulti_fw-la more_o regardful_a of_o their_o honour_n and_o duty_n than_o of_o their_o power_n and_o prerogative_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o diminish_v their_o sovereign_a right_n because_o if_o they_o will_v they_o may_v do_v otherwise_o without_o the_o danger_n of_o be_v resist_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v add_v in_o that_o place_n of_o samuel_n before_o cite_v that_o when_o the_o people_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n be_v thus_o oppress_v by_o their_o king_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n to_o be_v expect_v from_o man_n they_o shall_v invoke_v his_o help_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o a_o king_n do_v though_o the_o same_o do_v by_o a_o inferior_a person_n will_v be_v a_o injury_n yet_o be_v do_v by_o he_o be_v right_o as_o a_o judge_n be_v say_v jus_fw-la reddere_fw-la to_o do_v right_a though_o the_o sentence_n he_o give_v be_v unrighteous_a iv_o by_o the_o gospel_n law_n when_o christ_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n command_v to_o give_v caesar_n his_o due_a doubtless_o he_o intend_v that_o his_o disciple_n shall_v yield_v as_o great_a if_o not_o a_o great_a obedience_n as_o well_o active_a as_o passive_a unto_o the_o high_a power_n than_o what_o be_v due_a from_o the_o jew_n to_o their_o king_n which_o st._n paul_n who_o be_v best_o able_a to_o interpret_v his_o master_n word_n expound_v rom._n 13._o do_v at_o large_a describe_v the_o duty_n of_o subject_n 13.2_o rom._n 13.2_o charge_v those_o that_o resist_v the_o power_n of_o king_n with_o no_o less_o crime_n than_o rebellion_n against_o god_n ordinance_n and_o with_o a_o judgement_n as_o great_a as_o their_o sin_n for_o say_v he_o they_o that_o do_v so_o resist_v shall_v receive_v unto_o themselves_o damnation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o urge_v the_o necessity_n of_o our_o subjection_n not_o altogether_o for_o fear_n but_o for_o conscience_n as_o know_v that_o he_o
to_o the_o use_n thereof_o lie_v common_a to_o all_o men._n which_o seem_v contradiction_n may_v be_v thus_o easy_o reconcile_v propriety_n the_o sea_n and_o shore_n how_o common_a and_o how_o hold_v in_o propriety_n neratius_n speak_v of_o the_o shoar_n as_o to_o the_o necessary_a use_n thereof_o to_o mariner_n and_o to_o such_o as_o pass_v by_o say_v that_o it_o be_v natural_o common_a but_o as_o to_o any_o benefit_n or_o profitable_a improvement_n of_o it_o by_o erect_v fort_n or_o other_o durable_a building_n so_o as_o celsus_n well_o observe_v it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o as_o pomponius_n likewise_o inform_v we_o such_o building_n can_v not_o be_v erect_v without_o special_a licence_n from_o the_o praetor_n either_o on_o the_o shoar_n or_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o shoar_n and_o so_o repute_v as_o part_v of_o it_o x._o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o part_n of_o sea_n close_v by_o land_n may_v be_v occupy_v though_o these_o thing_n be_v true_a yet_o do_v it_o arise_v from_o custom_n and_o consent_n and_o not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o sense_n take_v as_o be_v before_o declare_v be_v not_o occupy_v nor_o by_o right_n can_v be_v so_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v seize_v and_o confiscate_v some_o merchant_n ship_n of_o hull_n for_o fish_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n near_o island_n without_o leave_n our_o most_o wise_a queen_n elizabeth_n plead_v that_o the_o best_a lawyer_n have_v adjudge_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v free_a and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n common_a to_o all_o nor_o can_v be_v interdict_a by_o any_o prince_n and_o as_o to_o custom_n she_o answer_v that_o neither_o his_o great_a grandfather_n nor_o his_o grandfather_n nor_o his_o father_n have_v ever_o exact_v it_o 1600._o camd._n eliz._n anno_fw-la 1600._o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o his_o father_n have_v grant_v that_o the_o english_a abstain_v from_o injury_n shall_v have_v freedom_n of_o fish_v without_o leave_n for_o river_n also_o be_v public_a we_o know_v and_o yet_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v in_o some_o corner_n or_o creek_n of_o the_o same_o river_n may_v proper_o belong_v to_o some_o private_a person_n nay_o even_o of_o the_o sea_n itself_o it_o be_v say_v by_o paulus_n the_o civilian_n that_o where_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a right_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n he_o may_v have_v a_o injunction_n to_o quiet_a his_o possession_n for_o this_o be_v now_o a_o private_a case_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o right_a of_o possession_n which_o proper_o appertain_v to_o private_a not_o public_a cause_n where_o doubtless_o he_o treat_v of_o some_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v into_o some_o private_a man_n ground_n which_o we_o read_v be_v usual_o do_v among_o the_o roman_n as_o by_o lucullus_n and_o other_o and_o as_o sallust_n testify_v by_o many_o private_a man_n in_o his_o time_n who_o have_v subvert_v many_o mountain_n and_o make_v sea_n out_o of_o dry_a land_n whereunto_o horace_n thus_o allude_v while_o mountain_n into_o sea_n be_v cast_v fish_v frighten_v from_o their_o hold_n do_v stand_v aghast_a the_o like_a be_v record_v by_o paterculus_n we_o say_v he_o inject_n huge_a hill_n of_o earth_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o when_o we_o have_v make_v mountain_n hollow_a we_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o concave_n pliny_n likewise_o speak_v of_o the_o earth_n say_v that_o it_o must_v be_v embowel_v to_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n with_o what_o great_a bulwark_n say_v cassiodore_n be_v the_o sea_n bank_n decent_o invade_v how_o far_o do_v the_o earth_n encroach_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o as_o tibullus_n write_v the_o untamed_a sea_n with_o mountain_n be_v immure_v that_o fish_n from_o winter_n storm_n may_v lie_v secure_v varro_n write_v of_o l._n lucullus_n say_v that_o have_v cut_v through_o a_o mountain_n near_o naples_n and_o thereby_o make_v a_o passage_n for_o the_o maritine_n river_n into_o his_o pond_n he_o have_v so_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n of_o sea_n fish_n luculli_fw-la vita_fw-la luculli_fw-la that_o neptune_n himself_o have_v not_o more_o plutarch_n also_o record_v the_o same_o of_o lucullus_n that_o have_v surround_v his_o village_n with_o trench_n and_o channel_n even_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o store_v they_o with_o fish_n he_o make_v his_o banqueting-house_n within_o the_o sea_n itself_o 54._o lib._n 9_o c._n 54._o so_o do_v pliny_n that_o have_v at_o a_o vast_a charge_n dug_n through_o a_o mountain_n and_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n he_o be_v by_o pompey_n the_o great_a call_v xerxem_n togatum_fw-la the_o very_a like_a do_v valerius_n maximus_n record_n of_o c._n sergius_n orata_n who_o by_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n at_o springtide_n and_o intercept_n its_o go_v out_o make_v sea_n peculiar_a to_o himself_o but_o the_o very_a same_o we_o find_v afterward_o produce_v by_o the_o emperor_n leo_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a lawyer_n about_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o thracian_a bosphorus_n namely_o that_o they_o may_v be_v enclose_v within_o certain_a bound_n and_o possess_v as_o a_o private_a estate_n now_o if_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v annex_v to_o a_o private_a man_n estate_n as_o be_v environ_v by_o it_o and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o land_n so_o small_a in_o proportion_n that_o it_o may_v be_v deem_v as_o a_o part_n of_o it_o and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o oppose_v it_o why_o may_v not_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o shoar_n be_v reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o he_o or_o their_o dominion_n who_o the_o shore_n be_v especial_o while_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o territory_n be_v no_o great_a than_o a_o small_a creek_n of_o the_o sea_n compare_v with_o the_o greatness_n of_o a_o private_a man_n land_n wherewith_o it_o be_v encompass_v neither_o will_v it_o much_o alter_v the_o case_n to_o say_v that_o those_o sea_n be_v not_o on_o all_o side_n surround_v as_o may_v be_v easy_o illustrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o river_n that_o be_v not_o every_o where_o begird_v with_o bank_n or_o by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o for_o conveniency_n of_o importation_n be_v let_v into_o some_o town_n adjoin_v to_o the_o shoar_n but_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n indulge_v unto_o we_o by_o nature_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o common_a consent_n do_v prohibit_v wherefore_o where_o this_o law_n be_v in_o force_n and_o not_o by_o common_a consent_n repeal_v no_o one_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n surround_v by_o the_o shoar_n and_o questionless_a though_o the_o sea_n be_v natural_o free_a yet_o as_o to_o any_o profit_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o shoar_n as_o by_o fish_v or_o otherwise_o it_o may_v by_o custom_n or_o consent_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o prince_n who_o the_o territory_n be_v prince_n whether_o stranger_n may_v fish_v in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o join_v to_o the_o shoar_n of_o another_o prince_n for_o the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n border_v on_o the_o territory_n of_o any_o prince_n be_v best_a see_v by_o the_o tax_n and_o tribute_n which_o those_o prince_n take_v of_o stranger_n for_o fish_v whereof_o we_o have_v many_o precedent_n as_o in_o russia_n where_o the_o tax_n for_o fish_v be_v very_o great_a insomuch_o that_o the_o hollander_n give_v the_o ten_o fish_n denmark_n take_v great_a tribute_n at_o ward-house_n and_o in_o the_o sound_n as_o also_o for_o fish_v in_o the_o north_n sea_n and_o even_o for_o navigate_a that_o sea_n between_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n and_o island_n as_o the_o merchant_n of_o hall_n late_o find_v by_o sad_a experience_n as_o sweden_n also_o do_v heretofore_o when_o norway_n be_v they_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n do_v the_o like_a for_o fish_v on_o their_o respective_a coast_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o earl_n of_o orkney_n in_o scotland_n take_v the_o ten_o fish_n for_o the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n so_o do_v the_o lord_n of_o manor_n in_o the_o west_n of_o england_n for_o pilchard_n hake_n and_o conger_n the_o state_n lay_v imposition_n upon_o the_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o sea_n and_o stream_n of_o other_o prince_n also_o on_o those_o take_v on_o their_o own_o coast_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n take_v 6_o d._n per_fw-la tun_n in_o his_o time_n which_o be_v now_o as_o much_o as_o 18_o d._n h._n 7._o resolve_v to_o set_v up_o the_o fish_n trade_n in_o england_n consider_v that_o it_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o he_o
notwithstanding_o the_o child_n do_v natural_o owe_v reverence_n can_v not_o by_o her_o descent_n make_v the_o marriage_n void_a no_o nor_o the_o father_n of_o a_o freeman_n and_o if_o the_o father_n himself_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o his_o own_o father_n than_o the_o consent_n of_o both_o father_n and_o grandfather_n be_v require_v to_o the_o son_n marriage_n but_o to_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o daughter_n the_o grandfather_n consent_n alone_o suffice_v which_o difference_n be_v altogether_o unknown_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v evident_o prove_v that_o they_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o natural_a but_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n we_o find_v in_o sacred_a story_n that_o many_o holy_a man_n and_o much_o more_o ult_n virgin_n not_o to_o choose_v husband_n for_o themselves_o 1_o cor._n 7.36_o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr abrah_n c._n ult_n woman_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o modesty_n and_o bashfulness_n ought_v especial_o in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v govern_v by_o other_o have_v in_o contract_a marriage_n submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o parent_n non_fw-la est_fw-la virginalis_fw-la pudoris_fw-la eligere_fw-la maritum_fw-la it_o become_v not_o a_o virgin_n modesty_n say_v ambrose_n 2._o ambrose_n grat._n c._n 32._o q._n 2._o to_o choose_v a_o husband_n for_o herself_o and_o yet_o be_v not_o esau_n marriage_n declare_v null_a nor_o his_o child_n hold_v as_o illegitimate_a because_o in_o his_o marriage_n he_o have_v not_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o parent_n it_o be_v true_a that_o as_o to_o daughter_n the_o chief_a power_n of_o dispose_v they_o be_v in_o the_o father_n so_o in_o euripides_n hermione_n my_o nuptial_a i_o to_o parent_n care_v alone_o commit_v for_o free_a choice_n therein_o have_v i_o none_o but_o as_o to_o son_n if_o we_o respect_v strict_a and_o natural_a right_n that_o of_o quintilian_n will_v be_v find_v true_a that_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o son_n at_o any_o time_n to_o do_v thing_n otherwise_o unreprovable_a without_o yea_o against_o his_o father_n will_n sure_o that_o liberty_n be_v never_o more_o justifiable_a than_o in_o marriage_n for_o as_o cassiodore_n true_o observe_v durum_fw-la est_fw-la libertatem_fw-la liberam_fw-la non_fw-la habere_fw-la in_o matrimonio_fw-la 4._o lib._n 7._o c._n 4._o unde_fw-la liberi_fw-la procreantur_fw-la to_o be_v debar_v of_o our_o free_a choice_n in_o matrimony_n from_o whence_o our_o child_n shall_v be_v bear_v be_v hard_o 5._o ter._n andr._n act._n 1._o sc_fw-la 5._o nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o a_o son_n in_o his_o marriage_n shall_v please_v himself_o xi_o it_o be_v a_o void_a marriage_n that_o be_v contract_v with_o another_o wife_n or_o husband_n that_o marriage_n that_o be_v contract_v with_o another_o man_n wife_n be_v doubtless_o null_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n unless_o her_o former_a husband_n have_v dismiss_v she_o for_o so_o long_o do_v his_o power_n last_o over_o she_o which_o by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n be_v not_o dissolve_v but_o by_o death_n the_o latter_a marriage_n therefore_o be_v null_a for_o want_v of_o a_o moral_a power_n in_o the_o woman_n to_o dispose_v of_o herself_o which_o be_v lose_v by_o her_o former_a marriage_n do_v vitiate_v all_o those_o subsequent_a effect_n that_o attend_v it_o because_o every_o act_n be_v but_o the_o invade_v of_o another_o right_n so_o likewise_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o the_o same_o law_n a_o marriage_n contract_v with_o the_o husband_n of_o another_o woman_n be_v alike_o void_a by_o reason_n of_o that_o power_n that_o christ_n give_v a_o chaste_a wife_n over_o the_o body_n of_o her_o husband_n xii_o of_o marriage_n between_o kindred_n concern_v marriage_n between_o such_o as_o be_v near_o ally_v or_o of_o the_o same_o blood_n many_o difficult_a question_n arise_v which_o be_v often_o with_o much_o zeal_n and_o animosity_n agitate_a on_o both_o side_n because_o he_o that_o shall_v undertake_v to_o assign_v certain_a and_o natural_a reason_n why_o these_o marriage_n that_o be_v by_o law_n or_o custom_n thus_o forbid_v be_v unlawful_a shall_v experimental_o find_v how_o hard_o nay_o how_o impossible_a it_o be_v to_o effect_v it_o that_o allege_v by_o plutarch_n in_o his_o roman_a question_n by_o st._n augustine_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la by_o philo_n in_o his_o special_a law_n and_o by_o st._n chrysostome_n on_o 1_o cor._n 13.13_o as_o the_o contract_n of_o new_a friend_n and_o the_o strengthen_n ourselves_o with_o new_a alliance_n savour_v more_o of_o policy_n than_o true_a piety_n nor_o be_v they_o of_o that_o force_n and_o energy_n as_o to_o conclude_v the_o contrary_a act_n to_o be_v either_o unlawful_a or_o void_a whereunto_o may_v be_v add_v that_o some_o case_n there_o may_v be_v wherein_o such_o prohibit_v marriage_n may_v be_v more_o profitable_a and_o politic_a than_o other_o politic_a the_o marriage_n of_o kindred_n sometime_o profitable_a and_o politic_a as_o may_v be_v collect_v not_o only_o from_o that_o which_o god_n himself_o in_o his_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n except_v of_o raise_v seed_n to_o a_o decease_a brother_n have_v no_o issue_n but_o from_o that_o also_o of_o a_o virgin_n leave_v by_o her_o father_n as_o sole_a heir_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n who_o by_o the_o grecian_a and_o hebrew_n law_n be_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o preserve_v the_o name_n and_o estate_n in_o their_o own_o tribe_n and_o family_n and_o from_o many_o such_o like_a case_n which_o do_v or_o may_v occur_v but_o yet_o from_o this_o general_a rule_n why_o incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o why_o we_o must_v except_v the_o marriage_n of_o parent_n with_o their_o child_n in_o what_o degree_n soever_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v sufficient_o evident_a for_o neither_o can_v the_o husband_n who_o by_o the_o law_n of_o matrimony_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o wife_n pay_v that_o respect_n and_o reverence_n that_o nature_n bind_v he_o to_o give_v to_o his_o mother_n nor_o the_o daughter_n to_o her_o father_n for_o though_o she_o be_v subordinate_a to_o her_o husband_n by_o matrimonial_a right_n yet_o do_v her_o marriage_n allow_v she_o so_o great_a a_o familiarity_n with_o her_o husband_n as_o be_v altogether_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o child_n paulus_n the_o lawyer_n be_v in_o the_o right_n when_o have_v saâ—d_v before_o that_o in_o contract_a marriage_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o modesty_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v regard_v he_o add_v that_o it_o be_v against_o modesty_n for_o a_o man_n to_o take_v his_o own_o daughter_n to_o be_v his_o wife_n and_o philo_n in_o his_o special_a law_n condemn_v it_o as_o a_o execrable_a wickedness_n to_o pollute_v the_o bed_n of_o his_o decease_a father_n which_o as_o a_o thing_n sacred_a ought_v not_o to_o be_v touch_v and_o without_o regard_n to_o either_o the_o age_n or_o the_o reverence_n of_o a_o mother_n name_n to_o make_v himself_o both_o son_n and_o husband_n to_o the_o same_o woman_n and_o to_o make_v she_o both_o mother_n and_o wife_n to_o the_o same_o man._n wherefore_o such_o marriage_n be_v doubtless_o not_o illegal_a only_o but_o void_a by_o reason_n of_o something_o that_o be_v vicious_a which_o perpetual_o cleave_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o neither_o be_v that_o argument_n of_o diogenes_n and_o chrysippus_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o practice_n of_o cock_n and_o such_o like_a dumb_a creature_n sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o such_o commixture_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n jâ—â—it_fw-la that_o be_v unlawful_a which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o humane_a nature_n lib._n 2._o contr._n jâ—â—it_fw-la for_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v it_o be_v enough_o to_o conclude_v any_o thing_n unlawful_a that_o it_o be_v repugnant_a though_o but_o to_o humane_a nature_n this_o be_v that_o incest_n which_o the_o lawyer_n paulus_n and_o papinian_n write_v to_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n commit_v between_o the_o degree_n ascendent_a and_o descendent_a and_o this_o be_v that_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o as_o xenophon_n note_n be_v no_o less_o a_o law_n because_o it_o be_v contemn_v by_o the_o persian_n mede_n indian_n and_o aethiopian_n for_o which_o they_o be_v punish_v with_o perpetual_a war_n parricide_n fratricide_n as_o philo_n first_o and_o after_o he_o st._n hierome_n observe_v for_o as_o michael_n ephesius_n well_o interpret_v it_o that_o be_v natural_a which_o be_v of_o common_a use_n among_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v uncorrupted_a and_o that_o live_v most_o agreeable_a unto_o nature_n and_o therefore_o hippodamus_n the_o pythagorean_n call_v these_o incestuous_a commixture_n inordinate_a and_o unnatural_a lust_n unbridled_a passion_n and_o abominable_a pleasure_n such_o be_v those_o of_o the_o parthian_n whereof_o lucan_n thus_o complain_v epulis_fw-la vesana_fw-la meroque_fw-la regius_fw-la non_fw-la ullos_fw-la exceptos_fw-la legibus_fw-la horret_fw-la concubitus_fw-la with_o
make_v of_o marriage_n and_o cassiodore_n will_v inform_v we_o 40._o lib._n 7._o c._n 40._o that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o marry_v any_o woman_n of_o unequal_a condition_n to_o themselves_o without_o leave_n obtain_v from_o their_o prince_n but_o certain_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n such_o unequal_a marriage_n may_v be_v authentic_a if_o the_o woman_n be_v under_o the_o custody_n and_o safeguard_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o have_v plight_v her_o troth_n unto_o he_o so_o also_o under_o the_o state_n of_o the_o evangelical_n law_n a_o marriage_n between_o two_o servant_n or_o between_o a_o freeman_n and_o a_o servant_n be_v a_o firm_a and_o lawful_a marriage_n much_o more_o that_o between_o a_o citizen_n and_o a_o stranger_n a_o senator_n and_o a_o freewoman_n if_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_o require_v by_o the_o divine_a christian_a law_n to_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o a_o marriage_n be_v add_v namely_o a_o indissoluble_a join_v together_o of_o one_o man_n to_o one_o woman_n although_o some_o effect_n proper_o due_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o other_o marriage_n concubine_n concubine_n do_v not_o attend_v these_o or_o which_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n will_v follow_v these_o be_v they_o not_o by_o some_o law_n hinder_v and_o thus_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o first_o tolâ—tane_a council_n to_o be_v understand_v he_o that_o have_v no_o wife_n but_o instead_o of_o a_o wife_n have_v a_o concubine_n may_v not_o be_v drive_v from_o the_o communion_n so_o as_o he_o content_v himself_o with_o one_o woman_n whether_o she_o be_v his_o wife_n or_o concubine_n as_o he_o please_v concern_v such_o a_o concubine_n oper_n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o oper_n st._n augustine_n write_v thus_o if_o she_o shall_v solemn_o profess_v that_o she_o will_v never_o know_v any_o other_o man_n although_o he_o to_o who_o she_o be_v at_o present_a subject_n shall_v dismiss_v she_o it_o may_v be_v worthy_a our_o pain_n conjugii_fw-la lib._n de_fw-fr bono_fw-mi conjugii_fw-la to_o inquire_v whether_o she_o shall_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o baptism_n so_o in_o another_o place_n a_o question_n do_v often_o arise_v in_o case_n a_o man_n and_o a_o woman_n be_v neither_o husband_n nor_o wife_n to_o any_o other_o shall_v agree_v to_o lie_v together_o not_o for_o procreation_n sake_n but_o only_o to_o avoid_v incontinency_n and_o shall_v give_v faith_n each_o to_o other_o never_o to_o enjoy_v any_o else_o whether_o that_o may_v be_v be_v call_v a_o marriage_n or_o no_o and_o haply_o say_v he_o it_o may_v not_o absurd_o be_v so_o call_v aug._n concern_v concubine_n st._n aug._n if_o they_o both_o agree_v that_o this_o conjunction_n shall_v continue_v until_o death_n and_o although_o the_o procreation_n of_o child_n be_v not_o the_o main_a end_n they_o propose_v to_o themselves_o in_o their_o lie_v together_o yet_o if_o they_o do_v not_o purposely_o avoid_v it_o nor_o do_v any_o wicked_a act_n 38.9_o gen._n 38.9_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o child_n shall_v not_o be_v bear_v unto_o they_o but_o if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o wife_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o keep_v a_o concubine_n lest_o she_o estrange_v his_o heart_n from_o his_o wife_n hereunto_o likewise_o we_o may_v refer_v that_o theodosius_n and_o valentinianus_n do_v call_v a_o unequal_a marriage_n a_o kind_n of_o fornication_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o a_o accusation_n of_o adultery_n be_v say_v to_o arise_v xvi_o some_o marriage_n though_o forbid_v to_o be_v do_v yet_o be_v do_v be_v valid_a though_o the_o law_n of_o man_n do_v forbid_v some_o certain_a person_n to_o be_v join_v in_o marriage_n yet_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o be_v marry_v their_o marriage_n be_v void_a for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o forbid_v the_o do_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o another_o to_o make_v that_o void_a that_o be_v do_v for_o the_o prohibition_n may_v extend_v itâ—_n force_v no_o far_o than_o to_o some_o penalty_n either_o express_v or_o arbitrary_a which_o sort_n of_o law_n ulpian_n call_v imperfect_a law_n quae_fw-la fieri_fw-la quid_fw-la vetant_fw-la sed_fw-la factum_fw-la non_fw-la rescindunt_fw-la which_o prohibit_v the_o do_v but_o rescind_v not_o the_o fact_n do_v such_o be_v the_o cincian_a law_n among_o the_o roman_n 1._o instit_fw-la tit._n 1._o that_o restrain_v man_n from_o give_v more_o than_o unto_o such_o a_o proportion_n 10._o liv._o lib._n 10._o but_o do_v not_o make_v void_a that_o which_o be_v give_v beyond_o it_o the_o valerian_n law_n say_v livy_n when_o it_o forbid_v the_o whip_n with_o rod_n or_o the_o kill_n with_o the_o axe_n he_o that_o have_v provoke_v or_o challenge_v another_o impose_v no_o penalty_n upon_o the_o breaker_n of_o the_o law_n but_o adjudge_v it_o to_o be_v improbe_fw-la factum_fw-la dishonest_o do_v such_o be_v the_o modesty_n of_o those_o time_n when_o infamy_n only_o be_v think_v a_o sufficient_a guard_n to_o the_o law_n whereas_o now_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o that_o will_v so_o mild_o threaten_v his_o servant_n ulpian_n ulpian_n by_o the_o fusian_a law_n none_o except_o some_o few_o particular_a person_n be_v to_o receive_v by_o way_n of_o legacy_n more_o than_o ten_o thousand_o ass_n assum_fw-la mille_fw-la assum_fw-la which_o reduce_v to_o our_o coin_n amount_v to_o about_o one_o and_o thirty_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n reckon_v every_o as_o to_o a_o half_a penny_n farthing_n end_n ad_fw-la somn._fw-la scipâ—onis_fw-la see_v sect._n 14._o of_o this_o chapter_n towards_o the_o end_n and_o he_o that_o receive_v more_o be_v to_o forfeit_v the_o quadruple_a sum_n among_o those_o law_n that_o be_v call_v imperfect_a macrobius_n reckon_v those_o which_o have_v no_o penalty_n annex_v to_o the_o breach_n of_o they_o such_o be_v that_o rescript_n of_o d._n marcus_n that_o heir_n who_o forbid_v he_o to_o perform_v funeral_n rite_n who_o be_v thereunto_o appoint_v by_o the_o testator_n do_v not_o right_o howbeit_o he_o order_v no_o punishment_n to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o he_o that_o do_v it_o we_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o among_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v afterward_o introduce_v by_o the_o theodosian_a law_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v prohibit_v only_o by_o the_o law_n although_o it_o be_v not_o express_o say_v that_o what_o be_v do_v contrary_a unto_o it_o shall_v be_v as_o null_n yet_o if_o it_o proceed_v to_o judgement_n it_o shall_v be_v construe_v as_o unprofitable_a void_a and_o of_o no_o force_n but_o this_o strain_a construction_n arise_v not_o from_o the_o force_n of_o the_o bare_a prohibition_n but_o from_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o new_a law_n which_o other_o nation_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o follow_v for_o sometime_o there_o be_v great_a indecency_n in_o the_o act_n do_v than_o there_o can_v be_v in_o the_o effect_n that_o proceed_v from_o it_o and_o sometime_o also_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o do_v follow_v upon_o the_o recession_n or_o make_v void_a of_o the_o fact_n be_v more_o than_o can_v ensue_v upon_o the_o do_n of_o it_o xvii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o a_o society_n beside_o this_o of_o marriage_n which_o of_o all_o consociation_n be_v the_o most_o natural_a there_o be_v divers_a other_o as_o well_o private_a as_o public_a and_o those_o either_o over_o the_o people_n or_o of_o the_o people_n but_o all_o of_o they_o have_v this_o in_o common_a that_o as_o to_o those_o thing_n for_o which_o such_o a_o society_n be_v institute_v the_o whole_a or_o the_o major_a part_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a do_v oblige_v every_o particular_a in_o that_o society_n for_o it_o may_v well_o be_v presume_v that_o it_o be_v the_o mind_n of_o those_o that_o first_o enter_v into_o that_o society_n that_o the_o power_n to_o determine_v all_o matter_n therein_o treat_v shall_v rest_v somewhere_o but_o because_o it_o will_v be_v apparent_o unjust_a that_o some_o few_o person_n shall_v impose_v upon_o the_o rest_n where_o every_o person_n have_v equal_a power_n therefore_o by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n set_v aside_o those_o order_n and_o by-law_n which_o do_v prescribe_v a_o form_n or_o method_n to_o the_o whole_a society_n in_o the_o handle_n and_o discuss_v of_o matter_n that_o be_v bring_v before_o they_o the_o major_a part_n shall_v have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a so_o thucydides_n that_o which_o the_o multitude_n or_o the_o great_a part_n thereof_o shall_v decree_v be_v authoritative_a appianus_n be_v of_o the_o same_o mind_n as_o well_o in_o public_a election_n as_o in_o court_n of_o judgement_n 5._o lib._n 5._o the_o great_a part_n rule_v the_o rest_n so_o also_o be_v dionysius_n halicarn_n that_o which_o seem_v best_a to_o the_o most_o valere_fw-la quod_fw-la pluribus_fw-la visum_fw-la id_fw-la valere_fw-la must_v prevail_v that_o be_v unless_o it_o be_v otherwise_o provide_v by_o some_o former_a law_n or_o agreement_n that_o of_o such_o a_o number_n of_o person_n such_o and_o such_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la whereof_o any_o
a_o intestate_a to_o who_o it_o natural_o descend_v dominion_n be_v once_o introduce_v that_o which_o natural_o guide_v the_o succession_n to_o the_o estate_n of_o a_o person_n die_v intestate_a set_v aside_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v our_o conjecture_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a for_o see_v that_o the_o force_n of_o dominion_n be_v such_o that_o it_o may_v be_v transfer_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o right_a owner_n unto_o another_o therefore_o in_o case_n a_o man_n die_v possess_v of_o a_o estate_n leave_v nothing_o to_o testify_v his_o mind_n after_o his_o death_n because_o it_o be_v not_o credible_a that_o he_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o he_o that_o can_v next_o catch_v it_o therefore_o shall_v it_o succeed_v to_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v probable_a he_o will_v have_v leave_v it_o have_v he_o live_v to_o have_v declare_v it_o defunctorum_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la intellexisse_fw-la pro_fw-la jure_fw-la est_fw-la say_v pliny_n junior_n to_o have_v understand_v the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v sufficient_a to_o create_v a_o right_n now_o to_o the_o dead_a this_o favour_n be_v indulge_v that_o in_o case_n that_o be_v doubtful_a it_o be_v presume_v that_o every_o man_n will_v do_v that_o which_o be_v most_o just_a and_o honest_a whereof_o in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v the_o payment_n of_o his_o just_a debt_n and_o in_o the_o next_o that_o which_o though_o not_o due_a yet_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o our_o duty_n and_o therefore_o what_o be_v commit_v to_o a_o man_n trust_n may_v be_v restore_v say_v paulus_n the_o person_n die_v intestate_a that_o trust_v it_o to_o those_o that_o succeed_v he_o because_o it_o may_v be_v believe_v that_o his_o will_n be_v free_o to_o leave_v the_o lawful_a inheritance_n unto_o they_o iv_o whether_o parent_n do_v owe_v unto_o their_o child_n any_o part_n of_o their_o good_n it_o be_v much_o controvert_v by_o lawyer_n whether_o parent_n may_v be_v say_v to_o owe_v their_o child_n aliment_n some_o of_o they_o hold_v it_o to_o be_v agreeable_a to_o natural_a reason_n but_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v a_o debt_n but_o we_o think_v it_o fit_v here_o to_o distinguish_v of_o the_o word_n debt_n which_o may_v be_v take_v either_o strict_o for_o that_o which_o by_o commutative_a justice_n we_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v or_o large_o for_o that_o which_o can_v with_o honour_n or_o honesty_n be_v leave_v undo_v as_o be_v a_o duty_n arise_v from_o another_o spring_n but_o not_o from_o that_o of_o justice_n reason_n first_o reason_n now_o aliment_n be_v due_a to_o child_n if_o humane_a law_n do_v not_o otherwise_o determine_v of_o it_o in_o this_o loose_a sense_n in_o which_o i_o conceive_v that_o of_o val._n maximus_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v our_o parent_n by_o nourish_v we_o hâ—ve_v lay_v this_o obligation_n upon_o we_o to_o nourish_v our_o child_n and_o that_o also_o of_o plutarch_n in_o that_o most_o elegant_a oration_n of_o he_o concern_v the_o love_n of_o parent_n towards_o their_o child_n liberi_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la ut_fw-la sibi_fw-la debitam_fw-la expectant_a our_o child_n look_v for_o our_o estate_n as_o due_a unto_o they_o after_o our_o death_n so_o great_a be_v the_o equity_n of_o this_o reason_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-la vita_fw-la cler_n &_o ser_n 52._o ad_fw-la frat_fw-la in_o eremo_fw-la gratian._n c._n 13._o q._n 2._o etc._n etc._n 17._o q._n 4._o in_o fine_a pers_n l._n 1._o second_o reason_n that_o st._n augustine_n will_v not_o admit_v that_o the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o have_v exheredate_v their_o own_o child_n shall_v be_v receive_v by_o the_o church_n and_o as_o procopius_n in_o his_o persian_a war_n observe_v though_o humane_a law_n do_v in_o other_o thing_n extreme_o differ_v one_o from_o another_o yet_o all_o nation_n as_o well_o romans_z as_o barbarian_n in_o this_o agree_v that_o child_n shall_v succeed_v to_o their_o parent_n as_o the_o right_a owner_n of_o what_o they_o leave_v again_o qui_fw-la formam_fw-la that_fw-mi that_fw-mi quae_fw-la ad_fw-la formam_fw-la sunt_fw-la necessaria_fw-la he_o that_o give_v the_o form_n give_v thing_n necessary_a to_o that_o form_n say_v aristotle_n therefore_o he_o that_o give_v man_n his_o existence_n aught_o as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o provide_v for_o he_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o a_o natural_a and_o social_n life_n for_o hereunto_o he_o be_v bear_v there_o need_v no_o law_n to_o bind_v we_o to_o this_o duty_n for_o all_o other_o creature_n even_o by_o nature_n instinct_n do_v feed_v their_o young_a as_o pliny_n observe_v of_o swallow_n that_o with_o great_a equity_n they_o feed_v their_o little_a one_o by_o turn_n summa_fw-la aequitate_fw-la alternant_fw-la cibum_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o ancient_a civilian_n do_v refer_v the_o education_n of_o child_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o euripides_n comprehend_v all_o creature_n under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n which_o say_v he_o be_v common_a as_o well_o to_o man_n among_o themselves_o as_o to_o they_o with_o all_o other_o sensible_a creature_n for_o that_o which_o natural_a instinct_n commend_v to_o they_o the_o same_o do_v reason_n prescribe_v unto_o we_o of_o such_o force_n be_v natural_a affection_n that_o it_o easy_o persuade_v we_o to_o nourish_v our_o child_n say_v justinian_n nature_n be_v a_o indulgent_a mistress_n to_o all_o live_a creature_n equal_o instruct_v they_o how_o to_o conserve_v not_o only_a themselves_o but_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v of_o they_o that_o so_o by_o this_o successive_a charity_n she_o may_v aspire_v to_o make_v herself_o immortal_a quintilian_n bring_v in_o the_o son_n claim_v a_o portion_n of_o his_o father_n estate_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n pâ—to_fw-la partem_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la pâ—to_fw-la and_o sallust_n condemn_v that_o testament_n as_o impious_a and_o unnatural_a by_o which_o the_o son_n be_v exclude_v from_o his_o part_n of_o the_o inheritance_n and_o because_o this_o be_v a_o debt_n that_o we_o owe_v to_o nature_n therefore_o be_v the_o mother_n bind_v to_o nourish_v the_o child_n that_o have_v no_o certain_a father_n bastard_n the_o roman_a law_n make_v no_o provision_n for_o bastard_n and_o though_o the_o roman_a law_n make_v no_o provision_n for_o child_n ex_fw-la damnato_fw-la legibus_fw-la concubitu_fw-la that_o be_v illegitimate_a and_o that_o by_o solon_n law_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v leave_v any_o thing_n to_o his_o natural_a issue_n yet_o do_v the_o canon_n of_o our_o religion_n correct_v the_o severity_n of_o these_o law_n by_o teach_v we_o that_o our_o child_n however_o beget_v by_o we_o shall_v be_v a_o part_n of_o our_o care_n and_o that_o in_o case_n it_o be_v needful_a they_o beyond_o necessary_n no_o man_n bind_v to_o provide_v for_o they_o we_o ought_v to_o leave_v they_o enough_o to_o preserve_v that_o life_n which_o we_o give_v they_o but_o beyond_o necessary_n be_v no_o man_n bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o provide_v for_o they_o neither_o be_v we_o bind_v to_o nourish_v our_o son_n only_o but_o those_o also_o that_o proceed_v from_o they_o yea_o even_o to_o the_o three_o generation_n according_a to_o justinian_n and_o that_o for_o humanity_n sake_n neither_o shall_v our_o charity_n rest_n here_o but_o it_o shall_v extend_v itself_o even_o unto_o those_o who_o issue_n out_o of_o our_o loin_n and_o be_v bear_v unto_o we_o by_o strange_a woman_n if_o they_o can_v otherwise_o be_v maintain_v v._o in_o succession_n the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o their_o parent_n and_o why_o child_n ought_v also_o to_o nourish_v their_o parent_n not_o only_o in_o obedience_n to_o many_o wholesome_a law_n but_o in_o common_a gratitude_n like_o the_o stork_n who_o when_o their_o parent_n be_v spend_v with_o age_n feed_v they_o and_o be_v faint_a receive_v they_o on_o their_o back_n and_o carry_v they_o from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o therefore_o in_o foster_a those_z who_o when_o we_o be_v child_n foster_v we_o we_o be_v proverbial_o say_v to_o imitate_v the_o stork_n 8._o stork_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d reverence_n to_o parent_n and_o sustenance_n to_o child_n nic._n 8._o solon_n be_v high_o commend_v for_o set_v a_o brand_n of_o infamy_n upon_o those_o that_o do_v it_o not_o yet_o be_v not_o this_o so_o ordinary_a as_o that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v of_o child_n because_o child_n when_o they_o be_v bear_v bring_v nothing_o into_o the_o world_n with_o they_o whereby_o to_o live_v and_o have_v probable_o a_o long_a time_n to_o live_v here_o than_o their_o parent_n have_v and_o as_o honour_v and_o obedience_n be_v proper_o due_a to_o parent_n and_o not_o to_o child_n so_o be_v sustentation_n due_a rather_o to_o child_n than_o to_o parent_n and_o thus_o be_v lucian_n to_o be_v understand_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n for_o
kingdom_n of_o epirus_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o father_n pyrrhus_n have_v no_o lawful_a issue_n 1._o paus_n l._n 1._o the_o tartar_n make_v no_o difference_n between_o bastard_n and_o they_o that_o be_v legitimate_a so_o herodotus_n of_o the_o persian_n mos_fw-la est_fw-la illis_fw-la ut_fw-la nothus_fw-la regnet_fw-la dum_fw-la legitimus_fw-la aliquis_fw-la reperitur_fw-la who_o admit_v of_o bastard_n till_o one_o that_o be_v legitimate_a may_v be_v find_v and_o we_o read_v in_o justine_n of_o a_o treaty_n between_o king_n atheas_n and_o philip_n concern_v the_o adopt_v of_o philip_n to_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scythia_n jugurtha_n though_o a_o bastard_n jugurth_n sallust_n bell_n jugurth_n yet_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o numidia_n by_o adoption_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o those_o kingdom_n which_o the_o goth_n and_o lombard_n conquer_v that_o the_o succession_n often_o pass_v by_o adoption_n nay_o longob_n paul_n diac._n l._n 6._o the_o gest_n longob_n the_o succession_n to_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v pass_v to_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n to_o he_o that_o last_o possess_v it_o though_o he_o be_v nothing_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o first_o king_n if_o any_o such_o succession_n be_v in_o force_n in_o those_o place_n thus_o do_v mithridates_n in_o justine_n plead_v that_o paphlagonia_n become_v his_o father_n inheritance_n by_o the_o death_n of_o all_o its_o domestic_a king_n xiii_o in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v indivisible_a the_o elder_a succeed_v but_o in_o case_n express_v caution_n be_v give_v that_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v not_o be_v divide_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o express_v who_o shall_v succeed_v than_o the_o elder_a whether_o son_n or_o daughter_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n so_o say_v nicetas_n coniates_n nature_n indeed_o observe_v she_o own_o order_n give_v the_o great_a honour_n to_o the_o first-born_a but_o god_n have_v a_o prerogative_n above_o nature_n and_o act_v not_o always_o by_o her_o order_n and_o speak_v of_o isaacius_n he_o say_v that_o by_o his_o birthright_n the_o succession_n to_o the_o kingdom_n be_v he_o the_o like_a be_v say_v of_o hircanus_n in_o josephus_n in_o the_o talmud_n under_o the_o title_n of_o king_n we_o read_v that_o he_o that_o have_v the_o best_a title_n to_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n have_v also_o the_o best_a title_n to_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v always_o prefer_v before_o the_o young_a herodotus_n make_v it_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n for_o the_o elder_a son_n to_o succeed_v in_o his_o father_n throne_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o term_v it_o the_o law_n of_o kingdom_n livy_n make_v mention_n of_o two_o brethren_n allobrogi_n contend_v for_o a_o kingdom_n whereof_o the_o young_a have_v the_o worst_a title_n but_o the_o great_a power_n of_o all_o darius_n his_o son_n artabazanes_n be_v the_o first-born_a claim_v the_o kingdom_n as_o his_o birthright_n quod_fw-la jus_fw-la &_o ordo_fw-la nascendi_fw-la &_o natura_fw-la ipsa_fw-la gentibus_fw-la dedit_fw-la which_o right_o say_v justine_n both_o the_o order_n of_o birth_n 2._o lib._n 2._o and_o nature_n itself_o have_v give_v to_o nation_n which_o in_o another_o place_n he_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n 40._o lib._n 40._o as_o livy_n also_o say_v it_o be_v a_o privilege_n due_a by_o the_o order_n both_o of_o age_n and_o nature_n yet_o must_v this_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o restriction_n unless_o the_o father_n by_o his_o testament_n do_v otherwise_o dispose_v of_o the_o succession_n as_o ptolemy_n in_o justin_n do_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o young_a son_n but_o yet_o he_o that_o shall_v thus_o succeed_v be_v bind_v to_o gratify_v his_o brethren_n for_o their_o share_n with_o all_o respect_n and_o honour_n if_o and_o as_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o fourteen_o a_o kingdom_n by_o the_o people_n consent_n hereditary_a if_o in_o doubt_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v indivisible_a but_o those_o kingdom_n that_o by_o the_o people_n free_a consent_n be_v make_v hereditary_a may_v by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o people_n be_v transfer_v now_o because_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o people_n will_v give_v their_o consent_n to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o expedient_a therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o unless_o some_o law_n or_o custom_n do_v otherwise_o determine_v as_o in_o many_o it_o have_v and_o may_v do_v the_o kingdom_n shall_v stand_v entire_a and_o undivided_a because_o while_o so_o it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a able_a both_o to_o defend_v itself_o and_o to_o conserve_v the_o people_n in_o peace_n and_o unity_n divide_v lib._n 21._o a_o kingdom_n unite_a be_v strong_a than_o when_o divide_v of_o this_o opinion_n be_v justin_n firmius_n futurum_fw-la esse_fw-la regnum_fw-la si_fw-la penes_fw-la unum_fw-la remansisset_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la portionibus_fw-la inter_fw-la filios_fw-la divideretur_fw-la arbitrabantur_fw-la they_o judge_v that_o the_o empire_n will_v be_v more_o firm_a be_v entire_o possess_v by_o one_o than_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v if_o divide_v among_o many_o son_n xv._o the_o succession_n not_o to_o last_v beyond_o the_o line_n of_o the_o first_o king_n again_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o people_n consent_n be_v easy_o gain_v to_o what_o shall_v be_v most_o expedient_a it_o will_v in_o the_o next_o place_n follow_v that_o the_o succession_n shall_v descend_v from_o the_o first_o king_n in_o a_o right_a line_n because_o that_o family_n be_v then_o electeed_o as_o be_v think_v the_o most_o noble_a which_o family_n be_v extinct_a the_o kingdom_n do_v return_v back_o to_o the_o people_n thus_o curtius_n advise_v 8._o advise_v lib._n 8._o that_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v strong_o fix_v to_o one_o royal_a family_n which_o ought_v to_o claim_v by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n for_o the_o people_n be_v so_o accustom_v will_v not_o only_o reverence_v his_o person_n but_o will_v have_v the_o very_a name_n of_o their_o king_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o therefore_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o usurp_v that_o dignity_n but_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v unto_o it_o xvi_o natural_a issue_n not_o concern_v in_o it_o three_o it_o will_v thence_o likewise_o follow_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o succeed_v in_o the_o royal_a throne_n but_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v legitimate_a not_o the_o natural_a son_n because_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v reproach_v to_o who_o mother_n the_o father_n do_v never_o vouchsafe_v the_o honour_n of_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o of_o such_o there_o can_v be_v no_o certainty_n who_o be_v the_o father_n but_o in_o the_o succession_n to_o crown_n the_o people_n ought_v to_o have_v the_o great_a assurance_n that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n can_v be_v give_v to_o avoid_v controversy_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o the_o macedonian_n prefer_v demetrius_n the_o young_a son_n to_o the_o throne_n rather_o than_o perseus_n the_o elder_a because_o he_o be_v bear_v in_o lawful_a wedlock_n not_o son_n by_o adoption_n because_o the_o people_n be_v apt_a to_o conceive_v great_a hope_n and_o to_o have_v their_o king_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o veneration_n when_o they_o know_v they_o to_o be_v descend_v from_o a_o royal_a stock_n est_fw-la in_o juvencis_fw-la est_fw-la in_o equis_fw-la patrum_fw-la virtus_fw-la in_o horse_n and_o ox_n we_o may_v descry_v the_o syre_n generosity_n xvii_o males_n prefer_v before_o female_n in_o the_o same_o degree_n four_o that_o of_o those_o that_o have_v equal_a title_n to_o the_o inheritance_n either_o as_o be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n or_o as_o succeed_v to_o their_o parent_n who_o be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n the_o male_a issue_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o female_a because_o man_n be_v fit_a for_o war_n and_o to_o administer_v other_o regal_a duty_n than_o woman_n can_v be_v xviii_o the_o elder_a before_o the_o young_a five_o that_o of_o son_n or_o of_o daughter_n if_o there_o be_v no_o son_n the_o elder_a be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a because_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v believe_v that_o as_o he_o be_v of_o more_o year_n so_o he_o either_o than_o be_v or_o may_v soon_o arrive_v to_o be_v of_o sound_a judgement_n than_o the_o young_a so_o cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n imperium_fw-la relinquo_fw-la majori_fw-la natu_fw-la i_o bequeath_v my_o kingdom_n to_o my_o elder_a son_n as_o be_v of_o most_o experience_n and_o consequent_o best_o know_v how_o to_o govern_v and_o because_o our_o green_a year_n will_v soon_o ripen_v than_o our_o sex_n change_v therefore_o the_o prerogative_n of_o our_o sex_n be_v much_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o privilege_n of_o our_o age._n wherefore_o herodotus_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o 7._o lib._n 7._o that_o persis_n the_o son_n of_o andromede_n the_o sister_n of_o cepheus_n do_v succeed_v cepheus_n in_o his_o kingdom_n give_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n because_o
with_o the_o land_n not_o so_o much_o by_o any_o rigâ—â—_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n as_o by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o land_n for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n he_o that_o hold_v the_o fee_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o what_o the_o flood_n cast_v up_o xvi_o the_o argument_n whereby_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n will_v prove_v their_o law_n to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n answer_v the_o roman_a lawyer_n to_o prove_v the_o law_n by_o they_o use_v to_o be_v natural_a do_v often_o allege_v this_o maxim_n that_o it_o be_v most_o natural_a that_o his_o shall_v be_v the_o profit_n of_o any_o thing_n who_o be_v the_o disprofit_v whereupon_o they_o infer_v that_o since_o the_o river_n waste_v a_o part_n of_o my_o land_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o of_o what_o it_o add_v to_o i_o i_o shall_v be_v the_o benefit_n but_o this_o rule_n hold_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o benefit_n arise_v from_o what_o be_v my_o own_o but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o arise_v from_o the_o river_n which_o be_v another_o but_o that_o that_o which_o perish_v shall_v perish_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o it_o be_v natural_a beside_o neither_o be_v that_o universal_o true_a that_o they_o allege_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o exception_n of_o ground_n limit_v which_o themselves_o admit_v not_o now_o to_o insist_v upon_o that_o which_o often_o come_v to_o pass_v natural_o that_o river_n do_v sometime_o impoverish_v and_o sometime_o enrich_v their_o neighbour_n field_n whence_o lucan_n thus_o illos_fw-la terra_fw-la fugit_fw-la dominos_fw-la his_fw-la rura_fw-la colonis_fw-la accedunt_fw-la donante_fw-la pado_n old_a lord_n forsake_v the_o earth_n do_v glide_v go_v new_a to_o enrich_v thanks_o to_o the_o river_n po._n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o some_o be_v enrich_v and_o impoverish_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o river_n xvii_o whether_o a_o highway_n do_v stop_v the_o increment_n of_o a_o river_n but_o whereas_o also_o they_o say_v that_o a_o public_a way_n do_v not_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o increment_n of_o a_o river_n it_o have_v nothing_o of_o natural_a reason_n in_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o field_n be_v private_a through_o which_o such_o a_o way_n ought_v to_o pass_v xviii_o that_o the_o child_n shall_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o be_v not_o natural_a among_o other_o mean_n whereby_o propriety_n by_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v acquire_v one_o be_v procreation_n wherein_o that_o which_o as_o well_o the_o roman_n as_o some_o other_o nation_n have_v determine_v namely_o that_o the_o child_n shall_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o be_v not_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v 'samine_v say_v see_v ch_n 5._o §._o 29._o vid._n gall._n l._n 2._o the_o 'samine_v natural_a but_o only_o as_o the_o father_n be_v unknown_a for_o if_o the_o father_n by_o any_o probable_a mean_n can_v be_v discover_v why_o the_o child_n shall_v not_o as_o well_o be_v repute_v his_o as_o she_o no_o natural_a reason_n can_v be_v give_v since_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o what_o be_v so_o beget_v be_v a_o part_n of_o he_o that_o do_v beget_v it_o but_o whether_o of_o they_o do_v contribute_v most_o to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o child_n natural_a philosopher_n do_v not_o accord_v whereof_o notwithstanding_o plutarch_n speak_v thus_o nature_n say_v he_o do_v mix_v the_o seed_n of_o both_o sex_n and_o so_o confound_v they_o that_o what_o be_v thereby_o bear_v shall_v be_v common_a to_o they_o both_o and_o that_o neither_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v that_o which_o be_v they_o from_o that_o which_o be_v the_o other_o and_o hereupon_o be_v the_o law_n both_o of_o the_o french_a and_o lumbards_n ground_v xix_o community_n may_v arise_v by_o give_v a_o new_a form_n to_o another_o matter_n if_o the_o matter_n belong_v to_o one_o and_o the_o form_n give_v by_o another_o the_o sabinian_o give_v the_o property_n to_o he_o who_o the_o matter_n be_v but_o proculus_n to_o he_o that_o give_v the_o form_n because_o he_o give_v it_o such_o a_o existence_n as_o before_o it_o have_v not_o at_o length_n a_o middle_a opinion_n creep_v in_o namely_o that_o if_o the_o matter_n can_v be_v reduce_v to_o its_o pristine_a form_n than_o shall_v the_o thing_n be_v he_o who_o give_v the_o matter_n but_o if_o it_o can_v not_o then_o shall_v it_o be_v his_o that_o give_v the_o form_n but_o this_o opinion_n please_v not_o connanus_n who_o will_v have_v no_o respect_n but_o to_o the_o value_n so_o that_o whether_o of_o they_o be_v of_o great_a value_n shall_v attract_v unto_o it_o that_o which_o be_v of_o lesser_a value_n by_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v deliver_v unto_o we_o by_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n concern_v accession_n but_o if_o we_o look_v to_o the_o naked_a truth_n as_o by_o a_o commixture_n of_o several_a matter_n there_o arise_v a_o community_n to_o each_o according_a to_o proportion_n because_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v determine_v so_o when_o a_o thing_n be_v compound_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n as_o of_o its_o part_n if_o the_o matter_n or_o substance_n belong_v to_o one_o and_o the_o form_n to_o another_o which_o can_v be_v divide_v there_o must_v natural_o follow_v a_o community_n to_o each_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a proportion_n for_o the_o form_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n but_o not_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o ulpian_n in_o say_v that_o the_o form_n be_v change_v the_o substance_n be_v almost_o destroy_v xx._n yea_o though_o the_o matter_n be_v abuse_v but_o although_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o unjust_a that_o he_o that_o abuse_v the_o matter_n be_v another_o man_n shall_v lose_v the_o form_n he_o give_v it_o yet_o we_o must_v know_v that_o this_o be_v penal_a and_o therefore_o not_o natural_a for_o though_o it_o be_v natural_a that_o every_o delinquent_n shall_v be_v punish_v yet_o do_v not_o nature_n determine_v how_o nor_o do_v she_o of_o herself_o take_v away_o any_o man_n property_n for_o his_o offence_n xxi_o that_o the_o lesser_a shall_v yield_v to_o the_o great_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o prevalence_n be_v not_o natural_a but_o that_o the_o great_a part_n shall_v swallow_v up_o the_o lesser_a whereupon_o connanus_n ground_n his_o opinion_n though_o it_o be_v natural_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o fact_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o of_o natural_a right_n wherefore_o he_o that_o have_v but_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o field_n have_v as_o much_o right_n in_o that_o as_o he_o that_o have_v the_o other_o nineteen_o therefore_o what_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n have_v decree_v concern_v a_o acquisition_n gain_v by_o way_n of_o prevalence_n or_o what_o they_o have_v or_o may_v decree_v in_o other_o the_o like_a case_n be_v not_o justifyable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o better_a dispatch_n of_o business_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o repugnant_a unto_o nature_n because_o the_o law_n have_v a_o power_n to_o create_v dominion_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o one_o question_n in_o the_o law_n juris_fw-la naturale_fw-la est_fw-la facti_fw-la non_fw-la juris_fw-la more_o various_o handle_v among_o lawyer_n than_o this_o for_o who_o can_v grant_v that_o if_o brass_n and_o gold_n be_v mix_v together_o they_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v as_o ulpian_n write_v or_o that_o if_o metal_n be_v solder_v together_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v confound_v as_o paulus_n ferruminatione_fw-la ferruminatione_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o that_o there_o be_v one_o rule_n for_o a_o picture_n another_o for_o a_o scripture_n that_o the_o table_n shall_v carry_v away_o this_o but_o not_o that_o xxii_o of_o thing_n plant_v or_o sow_v on_o another_o ground_n the_o fruit_n be_v natural_o to_o be_v communicate_v that_o thing_n plant_v or_o sow_o shall_v go_v with_o the_o soil_n be_v a_o dictate_v likewise_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n ground_v on_o this_o reason_n because_o they_o be_v nourish_v by_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o material_a question_n concern_v a_o tree_n whether_o it_o have_v take_v root_n but_o in_o case_n we_o look_v unto_o nature_n only_o we_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o nourishment_n of_o a_o thing_n that_o have_v existence_n before_o give_v but_o augmentation_n to_o the_o thing_n nourish_v which_o be_v but_o a_o additional_a part_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o as_o there_o be_v a_o right_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o nourishment_n so_o sure_o there_o remain_v a_o right_n natural_o to_o he_o that_o own_v the_o plant_n or_o the_o seed_n without_o which_o the_o soil_n can_v not_o produce_v such_o fruit_n so_o that_o here_o also_o nature_n admit_v of_o a_o community_n no_o less_o than_o in_o a_o house_n build_v upon_o another_o
valid_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o promiser_n to_o fulfil_v it_o ix_o whether_o a_o promise_v make_v for_o something_o that_o be_v vicious_a do_v natural_o oblige_v explain_v by_o distinction_n x._o what_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v of_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o gain_v something_o that_o be_v before_o due_a xi_o the_o form_n of_o a_o firm_a promise_n xii_o the_o manner_n how_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v valid_o make_v by_o other_o where_o also_o be_v discuss_v that_o of_o ambassador_n exceed_v their_o commission_n xiii_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o factor_n how_o far_o they_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n where_o also_o be_v observe_v the_o error_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n fourteen_o to_o make_v a_o promise_n valid_a acception_n in_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v be_v requisite_a xv._o whether_o this_o acception_n ought_v to_o be_v certify_v to_o the_o promiser_n explain_v by_o distinction_n xvi_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v revoke_v the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v die_v before_o its_o acceptance_n xvii_o whether_o it_o be_v revocable_a the_o person_n die_v by_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v send_v explain_v by_o distinction_n xviii_o whether_o a_o promise_v be_v revocable_a be_v accept_v by_o another_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n xix_o in_o what_o time_n a_o charge_n may_v be_v add_v to_o a_o promise_n xx._n how_o a_o weak_a promise_n may_v be_v make_v firm_a and_o valid_a xxi_o a_o promise_v make_v without_o cause_n be_v not_o natural_o void_a xxii_o a_o promise_v make_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o how_o far_o it_o oblige_v natural_o i._o that_o natural_o a_o right_o may_v arise_v from_o promise_n by_o our_o method_n former_o design_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o obligation_n make_v by_o promise_n where_o we_o find_v franciscus_n connanus_n a_o man_n eminent_o learn_v oppose_v we_o who_o hold_v that_o those_o promise_n that_o be_v not_o make_v for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n oblige_v not_o either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n and_o yet_o he_o confess_v that_o they_o may_v just_o be_v perform_v in_o case_n the_o thing_n promise_v be_v such_o as_o may_v just_o and_o honest_o be_v fulfil_v though_o no_o such_o promise_n have_v be_v make_v to_o confirm_v which_o opinion_n he_o produce_v not_o only_o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o lawyer_n but_o these_o reason_n also_o first_o that_o he_o who_o believe_v every_o rash_a promise_n causeless_o make_v be_v no_o less_o to_o be_v blame_v than_o he_o that_o believe_v none_o at_o all_o second_o that_o it_o will_v endanger_v most_o man_n fortune_n be_v man_n bind_v to_o perform_v all_o their_o promise_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v make_v more_o out_o of_o ostentation_n than_o a_o premeditate_a will_n and_o purpose_n to_o fulfil_v they_o last_o that_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o some_o thing_n shall_v be_v leave_v to_o every_o man_n honesty_n and_o not_o to_o reduce_v all_o promise_n to_o a_o necessity_n of_o performance_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v dishonest_a not_o to_o perform_v what_o we_o have_v promise_v the_o meaning_n be_v not_o that_o it_o be_v unjust_a but_o that_o it_o argue_v lightness_n and_o inconstancy_n in_o the_o promiser_n thus_o plead_v connanus_n urge_v beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o cicero_n who_o deny_v that_o those_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v which_o be_v to_o they_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v unprofitable_a or_o that_o infer_v more_o damage_n to_o he_o that_o make_v they_o than_o benefit_n to_o they_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v but_o yet_o in_o case_n the_o matter_n be_v not_o entire_a something_o have_v be_v perform_v by_o the_o one_o party_n than_o he_o will_v have_v the_o other_o party_n oblige_v not_o unto_o all_o that_o be_v promise_v but_o unto_o that_o only_a that_o be_v in_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o for_o those_o agreement_n that_o of_o themselves_o be_v not_o bind_v they_o receive_v their_o oblige_a power_n either_o from_o the_o contract_n wherein_o they_o be_v or_o whereunto_o they_o be_v adjoin_v or_o from_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o thing_n from_o whence_o arise_v partly_o action_n partly_o exception_n and_o prohibit_v reclaim_v but_o as_o to_o those_o that_o may_v have_v their_o obligatory_a power_n according_a to_o the_o law_n as_o those_o make_v by_o stipulation_n with_o some_o other_o they_o receive_v their_o bind_a faculty_n from_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n who_o efficacy_n be_v such_o as_o to_o make_v that_o which_o in_o itself_o be_v only_o honest_a to_o be_v even_o necessary_a but_o this_o opinion_n of_o connanus_n take_v so_o general_o as_o he_o seem_v to_o express_v it_o can_v be_v current_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o will_v thence_o follow_v that_o those_o article_n of_o agreement_n that_o be_v make_v between_o king_n and_o between_o the_o people_n of_o diverse_a nation_n so_o long_o as_o nothing_o be_v on_o either_o side_n perform_v be_v of_o no_o force_n especial_o in_o such_o place_n where_o be_v no_o set_a form_n of_o league_n or_o sponsion_n find_v beside_o no_o reason_n can_v possible_o be_v give_v why_o law_n which_o be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v so_o many_o common_a covenant_n or_o promise_n of_o the_o people_n for_o so_o both_o aristotle_n and_o demosthenes_n term_v they_o shall_v add_v such_o a_o oblige_a force_n unto_o agreement_n and_o yet_o that_o every_o man_n own_o will_n endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o oblige_v itself_o can_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n especial_o where_o the_o civil_a law_n give_v no_o restraint_n or_o impediment_n unto_o it_o whereunto_o add_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v transfer_v by_o the_o will_n be_v sufficient_o declare_v and_o why_o therefore_o may_v not_o the_o will_v have_v the_o same_o right_n over_o a_o person_n either_o to_o transfer_v domiminion_n which_o right_o be_v less_o than_o dominion_n itself_o or_o to_o do_v something_o see_v that_o we_o have_v the_o same_o power_n over_o our_o action_n as_o we_o have_v over_o our_o good_n and_o herein_o likewise_o we_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o learned_a nay_o the_o hebrew_n hold_v that_o where_o the_o thing_n consult_v about_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o delay_n our_o silence_n be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o sponsion_n for_o as_o the_o lawyer_n say_v no_o title_n can_v be_v natural_o more_o assure_v than_o that_o which_o the_o proprietor_n do_v willing_o transfer_v to_o another_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v nothing_o so_o fit_a to_o preserve_v faithful_a deal_n among_o man_n as_o to_o observe_v and_o perform_v whatsoever_o be_v promise_v and_o agree_v upon_o between_o themselves_o so_o a_o decree_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n promise_v though_o there_o be_v no_o other_o reason_n assign_v why_o it_o shall_v be_v due_a but_o the_o free_a consent_n of_o he_o that_o promise_v it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n he_o say_v paulus_n the_o lawyer_n do_v natural_o owe_v and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n must_v give_v indebiti_fw-la condictione_fw-la indebiti_fw-la upon_o who_o word_n and_o promise_n we_o have_v rely_v where_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o must_v observe_v that_o this_o word_n oportet_fw-la must_v imply_v a_o kind_n of_o necessity_n neither_o may_v we_o admit_v of_o that_o which_o connanus_n take_v as_o grant_v that_o we_o be_v then_o say_v to_o rely_v upon_o a_o man_n faith_n when_o the_o thing_n cease_v to_o be_v entire_a that_o be_v when_o something_o be_v already_o perform_v by_o one_o party_n for_o paulus_n in_o that_o place_n treat_v of_o a_o personal_a action_n bring_v for_o a_o thing_n not_o due_a which_o present_o cease_v as_o soon_o as_o something_o upon_o what_o agreement_n soever_o be_v pay_v because_o even_o before_o when_o nothing_o be_v as_o yet_o perform_v on_o either_o side_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n what_o be_v promise_v aught_o to_o be_v give_v although_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o prevent_v the_o occasion_n of_o unnecessary_a suit_n do_v give_v little_a or_o no_o encouragement_n to_o exact_v it_o but_o tully_n in_o his_o office_n attribute_n so_o great_a a_o power_n to_o promise_n 1._o lib._n 1._o that_o he_o make_v faithfulness_n to_o be_v the_o very_a foundation_n of_o justice_n which_o horace_n also_o call_v the_o sister_n of_o justice_n as_o the_o platonist_n also_o do_v ofttimes_o express_v justice_n by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d come_v apul._n de_fw-fr plat._n plat._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr rep_n three_o degree_n of_o speak_v of_o thing_n to_o come_v truth_n which_o apuleius_n render_v by_o the_o word_n fidelity_n and_o simonides_n call_v it_o justice_n not_o only_o to_o restore_v what_o we_o have_v receive_v but_o even_o to_o speak_v truth_n that_o be_v to_o perform_v what_o we_o
or_o against_o service_n and_o money_n so_o that_o they_o may_v answer_v one_o another_o as_o it_o be_v usual_o say_v par_fw-fr pari_fw-la datum_fw-la hostimentum_fw-la est_fw-la opera_fw-la pro_fw-la pecunia_fw-la to_o give_v like_a for_o like_v be_v to_o even_o the_o scale_n but_o this_o may_v be_v do_v diverse_a way_n for_o either_o service_n may_v counterbalance_v the_o bare_a use_n of_o money_n in_o which_o case_n the_o principal_a stock_n whether_o preserve_v or_o lose_v be_v entire_o his_o gain_n or_o loss_n that_o own_v it_o or_o the_o work_n or_o service_n may_v counterbalance_v the_o whole_a stock_n of_o money_n in_o which_o case_n he_o that_o do_v the_o work_n be_v partaker_n of_o the_o whole_a stock_n in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o case_n the_o work_n be_v set_v against_o not_o the_o stock_n but_o the_o danger_n of_o lose_v it_o or_o the_o gain_n that_o probable_o may_v be_v expect_v from_o it_o in_o the_o latter_a case_n the_o price_n of_o the_o labour_n be_v add_v unto_o the_o stock_n of_o money_n and_o he_o that_o perform_v it_o shall_v have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o stock_n equivalent_a to_o it_o but_o that_o either_o of_o the_o party_n associate_v shall_v share_v in_o the_o profit_n and_o yet_o be_v indemnify_v in_o case_n of_o loss_n be_v preternatural_a to_o society_n yet_o such_o a_o agreement_n there_o may_v be_v without_o injury_n as_o when_o there_o be_v a_o mix_a contract_n partly_o by_o the_o society_n and_o partly_o for_o insurance_n wherein_o such_o a_o equality_n may_v be_v observe_v as_o that_o he_o that_o assume_v to_o make_v good_a the_o loss_n shall_v receive_v a_o great_a proportion_n of_o the_o gain_n than_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v but_o that_o any_o man_n shall_v bear_v the_o loss_n that_o partake_v not_o of_o the_o gain_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o a_o society_n who_o principal_a end_n be_v common_a profit_n without_o which_o it_o can_v consist_v now_o whereas_o the_o lawyer_n say_v that_o where_o the_o proportion_n be_v not_o express_o name_v they_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o they_o be_v equal_a this_o hold_v true_a only_a where_o other_o thing_n contribute_v be_v also_o equal_a xxv_o of_o naval_a society_n where_o a_o fleet_n be_v send_v out_o by_o the_o joint_a stock_n of_o a_o society_n against_o pirate_n there_o the_o common_a profit_n be_v the_o common_a defence_n and_o sometime_o the_o prize_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n and_o then_o the_o ship_n and_o all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v apprize_v and_o draw_v into_o one_o gross_a sum_n out_o of_o which_o all_o charge_n and_o damage_n be_v to_o be_v deduct_v and_o bear_v by_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n according_a to_o the_o part_n they_o have_v in_o that_o sum_n and_o among_o those_o charge_n that_o of_o the_o wound_a be_v to_o be_v reckon_v and_o what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o say_v we_o judge_v to_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n xxvi_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o inequality_n if_o consent_v unto_o neither_o do_v the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n alter_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o except_o only_o in_o this_o that_o where_o the_o contribution_n be_v unequal_a yet_o consent_v unto_o if_o no_o lie_n be_v in_o the_o case_n nor_o any_o thing_n conceal_v which_o shall_v have_v be_v declare_v in_o all_o external_a action_n they_o shall_v be_v hold_v as_o equal_v so_o that_o as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n before_o that_o constitution_n make_v by_o dioclesian_n no_o action_n will_v be_v admit_v of_o in_o a_o court_n against_o such_o a_o inequality_n so_o now_o by_o those_o that_o be_v consociate_v by_o the_o sole_a law_n of_o nation_n no_o exaction_n or_o constraint_n can_v be_v admit_v for_o that_o cause_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v pomponius_n that_o natural_o in_o buy_v and_o sell_v it_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o man_n to_o circumvent_v another_o where_o the_o word_n licitum_fw-la be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o fas_fw-la but_o it_o be_v so_o permit_v natural_a and_o how_o this_o be_v say_v to_o be_v natural_a that_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n provide_v against_o it_o for_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a to_o justify_v he_o by_o his_o agreement_n in_o which_o sense_n that_o be_v term_v natural_a in_o this_o and_o some_o other_o place_n which_o be_v every_o where_o customary_o receive_v in_o which_o sense_n st._n paul_n say_v that_o some_o man_n be_v natural_o vain_a 11.14.13.1_o 1_o cor._n 11.14.13.1_o and_o that_o it_o be_v against_o nature_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v nourish_v his_o hair_n when_o it_o be_v only_o against_o custom_n and_o that_o not_o of_o all_o but_o of_o those_o nation_n wherein_o he_o have_v live_v so_o the_o same_o apostle_n speak_v not_o in_o his_o own_o but_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o roman_n with_o who_o he_o converse_v say_v 2.3_o eph._n 2.3_o that_o they_o be_v by_o nature_n the_o son_n of_o wrath_n so_o that_o nature_n be_v nothing_o but_o custom_n or_o that_o which_o have_v be_v of_o long_a continuance_n in_o which_o sense_n galen_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d where_o he_o say_v that_o custom_n be_v a_o acquire_v or_o adventitious_a nature_n so_o likewise_o thucydides_n humana_fw-la natura_fw-la legum_n victrix_fw-la humane_a nature_n can_v be_v bind_v up_o by_o any_o law_n so_o the_o grecian_n call_v both_o virtue_n and_o vice_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d when_o by_o long_a custom_n they_o be_v make_v natural_a unto_o we_o now_o how_o great_a the_o advantage_n of_o such_o a_o law_n if_o introduce_v will_v be_v to_o the_o general_n peace_n be_v evident_a for_o it_o will_v prevent_v infinite_a contest_v which_o will_v arise_v concern_v the_o uncertain_a prize_n of_o commodity_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v determine_v or_o avoid_v where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a judge_n if_o every_o man_n may_v break_v off_o from_o his_o agreement_n upon_o pretence_n of_o such_o a_o inequality_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la emptionis_fw-la &_o venditionis_fw-la substantia_fw-la say_v the_o roman_a emperor_n call_v a_o perpetual_a custom_n by_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n this_o be_v the_o perpetual_a manner_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v the_o buyer_n beat_v the_o price_n as_o low_a as_o he_o can_v and_o the_o seller_n draw_v up_o the_o buyer_n as_o high_a as_o he_o can_v till_o at_o length_n they_o agree_v in_o a_o equal_a and_o just_a value_n and_o seneca_n respect_v this_o very_a custom_n say_v what_o matter_n be_v it_o what_o any_o thing_n cost_n if_o the_o buyer_n and_o seller_n be_v agree_v about_o the_o price_n he_o owe_v nothing_o to_o the_o seller_n that_o get_v a_o good_a bargain_n and_o much_o after_o the_o same_o copy_n write_v andronicus_n rhodius_n that_o which_o by_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o the_o contractor_n be_v gain_v be_v neither_o unjust_a nor_o shall_v it_o be_v amend_v for_o the_o law_n do_v indulge_v a_o licence_n in_o these_o thing_n and_o he_o that_o write_v the_o life_n of_o isidore_n call_v the_o sell_v of_o any_o thing_n at_o too_o dear_a a_o rate_n or_o the_o buy_n of_o any_o thing_n at_o too_o cheap_a a_o rate_n a_o injustice_n tolerate_v by_o the_o law_n harum_fw-la rerum_fw-la licentiam_fw-la lex_fw-la dedit_fw-la say_v andronicus_n rhodius_n the_o law_n give_v a_o licence_n in_o these_o thing_n but_o yet_o such_o a_o permission_n it_o be_v as_o will_v at_o length_n undermine_v and_o easy_o pervert_v justice_n chap._n xiii_o concern_v oath_n i._o the_o great_a authority_n give_v unto_o oath_n by_o the_o heathen_n ii_o great_a deliberation_n require_v in_o he_o that_o will_v take_v a_o oath_n iii_o oath_n oblige_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v be_v think_v to_o understand_v they_o iv_o a_o oath_n procure_v by_o fraud_n when_o bind_v v._o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o be_v wrest_v beyond_o their_o ordinary_a sense_n vi_o a_o oath_n bind_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a vii_o nor_o to_o thing_n that_o impede_fw-la a_o great_a moral_n good_a viii_o nor_o to_o thing_n impossible_a ix_o what_o if_o the_o impossibility_n be_v but_o for_o some_o certain_a time_n x._o to_o be_v swear_v by_o the_o name_n of_o god_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n xi_o by_o other_o thing_n in_o respect_n to_o god_n xii_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n though_o it_o be_v swear_v by_o false_a go_n xiii_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o oath_n whence_o arise_v a_o twofold_a obligation_n one_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o take_n of_o it_o and_z another_z after_z this_o explain_v fourteen_o when_o by_o a_o oath_n a_o right_n be_v gain_v to_o god_n and_o man_n and_o when_o to_o god_n only_o xv._o the_o opinion_n that_o a_o oath_n give_v to_o a_o pirate_n or_o a_o tyrant_n bind_v not_o before_o god_n refute_v xvi_o whether_o a_o
itself_o and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o earth_n and_o grave_n be_v to_o all_o man_n common_a and_o alike_o due_a eusebius_n also_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o euripides_n the_o law_n of_o mortal_n aristides_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o law_n common_a to_o all_o man_n papinius_n the_o law_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o general_a league_n of_o the_o world_n tacitus_n the_o great_a commerce_n of_o humane_a condition_n and_o lysias_n the_o orator_n the_o common_a hope_n of_o all_o he_o that_o hinder_v the_o burn_a of_o the_o body_n of_o dead_a man_n be_v say_v in_o claudian_n to_o divest_v himself_o of_o all_o humanity_n and_o by_o the_o emperor_n leo_n to_o reproach_n nature_n herself_o and_o by_o isidore_n to_o profane_v that_o which_o be_v holy_a and_o because_o the_o ancient_n observe_v that_o what_o right_n soever_o be_v common_a to_o all_o civilise_v nation_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v repute_v the_o more_o sacred_a be_v attribute_v to_o the_o god_n as_o their_o author_n as_o they_o do_v the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n so_o we_o find_v that_o they_o every_o where_n ascribe_v unto_o they_o this_o right_n also_o in_o one_o of_o the_o tragedy_n of_o euripides_n and_o in_o one_o also_o of_o sophocles_n you_o may_v find_v it_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ajace_n supplic_n ajace_n a_o divine_a law_n and_o in_o another_o antigone_n antigone_n you_o may_v find_v it_o reckon_v among_o the_o law_n of_o the_o go_n and_o isocrates_n discourse_v of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o war_n which_o theseus_n make_v against_o creon_n bring_v in_o adrastus_n have_v lose_v his_o army_n before_o thebes_n and_o by_o creon_n deny_v leave_v to_o bury_v the_o dead_a supplicate_v theseus_n then_o king_n of_o athens_n that_o he_o will_v commiserate_v those_o brave_a man_n that_o lay_v unbury_v before_o thebes_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o ancient_a custom_n to_o be_v despise_v nor_o that_o common_a right_o violate_v which_o all_o mankind_n may_v lay_v claim_n to_o as_o be_v institute_v not_o by_o a_o humane_a but_o by_o a_o divine_a power_n which_o when_o theseus_n hear_v he_o immediate_o send_v his_o ambassador_n to_o thebes_n the_o same_o author_n exceed_o blame_v the_o theban_n for_o prefer_v their_o own_o decree_n before_o the_o law_n of_o the_o go_n and_o not_o only_a isocrates_n in_o this_o place_n but_o herodotus_n in_o his_o calliope_n diodorus_n siculus_n in_o the_o four_o of_o his_o history_n xenophon_n in_o the_o six_o of_o his_o grecian_a history_n and_o many_o other_o historian_n do_v unanimous_o assert_v that_o this_o war_n of_o theseus_n be_v undertake_v for_o the_o common_a cause_n of_o all_o mankind_n and_o every_o where_o in_o all_o author_n of_o the_o best_a account_n we_o read_v this_o office_n of_o bury_v the_o dead_a commend_v unto_o we_o under_o the_o most_o specious_a name_n of_o the_o best_a virtue_n 1._o orat._n pro_fw-la quintio_fw-la lib._n 6._o c._n 11_o 22._o lib._n 5._o c._n 1._o cicero_n and_o lactantius_n commend_v it_o as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n valerius_n maximus_n as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n and_o courtesy_n quintilian_n as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n and_o religion_n seneca_n as_o a_o act_n of_o compassion_n and_o humanity_n philo_n attribute_n it_o to_o pity_n and_o commiseration_n of_o common_a nature_n tacitus_n call_v it_o the_o commerce_n of_o humane_a condition_n and_o ulpian_n ascribe_v it_o to_o mercy_n and_o piety_n euripides_n and_o lactantius_n term_v it_o a_o act_n of_o justice_n and_o of_o piety_n 12._o lib._n 6._o c._n 12._o ultimum_fw-la illud_fw-la &_o maximum_fw-la pietatis_fw-la officium_fw-la est_fw-la peregrinorum_fw-la &_o pauperum_fw-la sepultura_fw-la to_o bury_v the_o stranger_n and_o the_o poor_a be_v the_o last_o and_o great_a duty_n of_o piety_n say_v lactantius_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o deny_v burial_n to_o the_o dead_a as_o the_o donatist_n do_v the_o body_n of_o the_o catholic_n optatus_n milevitanus_fw-la condemn_v as_o impiety_n and_o in_o papinus_n we_o read_v bello_fw-la cogendus_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la in_o mores_fw-la hominemque_fw-la creon_n by_o war_n and_o arm_n must_v creon_n be_v enforce_v to_o custom_n and_o humanity_n spartianus_n brand_v such_o man_n with_o infamy_n callae_n vita_fw-la cara_fw-it callae_n as_o if_o they_o have_v no_o respect_n or_o reverence_n at_o all_o to_o humanity_n and_o livy_n call_v it_o a_o brutish_a cruelty_n beyond_o the_o belief_n of_o humane_a anger_n homer_n bring_v in_o jupiter_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o god_n as_o be_v offend_v at_o achilles_n for_o abuse_v the_o body_n of_o hector_n and_o lactantius_n condemn_v their_o wisdom_n as_o savour_v too_o much_o of_o impiety_n who_o esteem_v all_o care_n in_o bury_v the_o dead_a superfluous_a ii_o whence_o this_o custom_n arise_v upon_o what_o ground_n this_o custom_n of_o bury_v the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v at_o first_o introduce_v whether_o embalm_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o egyptian_n or_o burn_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o grecian_n or_o inter_v as_o we_o now_o use_v which_o cicero_n approve_v as_o the_o most_o ancient_a 54._o nat._n hist_o l._n 7._o c._n 54._o and_o after_o he_o pliny_n who_o make_v this_o difference_n between_o sepultus_fw-la and_o humatus_fw-la as_o if_o he_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v sepultus_fw-la who_o body_n be_v by_o any_o mean_v keep_v and_o preserve_v but_o he_o only_o to_o be_v humatus_fw-la that_o be_v cover_v with_o earth_n it_o be_v not_o agree_v upon_o on_o all_o side_n moschion_n attribute_n it_o to_o the_o savage_a cruelty_n of_o the_o giant_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o devour_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o man_n cujus_fw-la abolitae_fw-la signum_fw-la est_fw-la sepultura_fw-la the_o abolish_n of_o which_o brutish_a custom_n be_v signify_v by_o sepulture_n other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o this_o mean_n man_n seem_v voluntary_o to_o pay_v that_o debt_n which_o nature_n will_v exact_v from_o we_o though_o we_o be_v otherwise_o unwilling_a for_o that_o all_o humane_a body_n be_v extract_v from_o the_o earth_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o say_v by_o god_n only_o unto_o adam_n but_o all_o both_o greek_n and_o latin_n do_v every_o where_o acknowledge_v cicero_n quote_v this_o out_o of_o euripides_n that_o reddenda_fw-la terrae_fw-la terra_fw-la earth_n must_v to_o earth_n return_v which_o also_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o solomon_n eccles_n 12.7_o 12.7_o eccles_n 12.7_o then_o shall_v the_o dust_n return_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v and_o the_o spirit_n shall_v return_v unto_o god_n that_o give_v it_o now_o on_o this_o subject_n what_o say_v solomon_n more_o than_o euripides_n who_o in_o the_o person_n of_o theseus_n say_v thus_o jam_fw-la sinite_fw-la terrae_fw-la mortuos_fw-la gremio_fw-la tegi_fw-la res_fw-la unde_fw-la quaeque_fw-la sumpserat_fw-la primordium_fw-la eo_fw-la recipitur_fw-la spiritus_fw-la coelo_fw-la redit_fw-la corpusque_fw-la terrae_fw-la jure_fw-la nec_fw-la enim_fw-la mancupî_fw-la sed_fw-la brevis_fw-la ad_fw-la aevi_fw-la tempus_fw-la utendum_fw-la datur_fw-la mox_fw-la terra_fw-la repetit_fw-la ipsa_fw-la quod_fw-la nutriverat_fw-la now_o let_v the_o dead_a be_v unto_o earth_n bequeath_v and_o each_o return_n from_o whence_o it_o once_o receive_v its_o be_v then_o will_v the_o spirit_n soon_o retire_v to_o heaven_n the_o flesh_n to_o dust_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v not_o give_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n lend_v that_o past_a and_o go_v the_o earth_n what_o it_o so_o lend_v soon_o seize_v on_o lucretius_n speak_v of_o the_o earth_n say_v she_o be_v of_o all_o the_o womb_n and_o common_a tomb._n pliny_n likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o earth_n receive_v we_o as_o soon_o as_o we_o be_v bear_v and_o be_v bear_v she_o nourish_v we_o and_o be_v bring_v up_o she_o always_o sustain_v we_o and_o at_o last_o be_v forsake_v by_o all_o the_o world_n she_o like_v a_o tender_a mother_n receive_v we_o into_o her_o own_o bowel_n again_o and_o there_o hide_v we_o flaccum_n see_v job_n 10.9_o in_o flaccum_n nature_n say_v philo_n have_v ordain_v the_o earth_n as_o man_n proper_a place_n not_o only_o while_o they_o live_v but_o be_v dead_a also_o ut_fw-la eadem_fw-la quae_fw-la primos_fw-la suscepit_fw-la natales_fw-la suscipiat_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la hac_fw-la vita_fw-la exitum_fw-la that_o she_o that_o receive_v we_o from_o the_o womb_n may_v when_o dead_a afford_v we_o a_o tomb._n and_o yet_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o be_v laudable_o do_v in_o man_n but_o what_o god_n have_v imprint_v some_o footstep_n thereof_o in_o some_o beast_n so_o also_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o this_o very_a thing_n 30._o lib._n 11._o 30._o pliny_n report_v of_o the_o pismire_n that_o they_o only_o of_o all_o other_o live_v creature_n beside_o man_n do_v bury_v one_o another_o and_o yet_o he_o himself_o speak_v of_o the_o dolphin_n say_v 8._o lib._n 9_o c._n 8._o that_o
mind_n of_o he_o that_o avenge_v a_o injury_n shall_v not_o acquiesce_v in_o the_o suffering_n of_o the_o offender_n of_o the_o same_o mind_n also_o be_v both_o plato_n and_o seneca_n ad_fw-la vindictam_fw-la veniendum_fw-la non_fw-la quia_fw-la dulce_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la utile_fw-la we_o shall_v affect_v revenge_n not_o as_o it_o be_v sweet_a but_o as_o it_o be_v profitable_a so_o likewise_o aristotle_n some_o thing_n be_v simple_o honest_a other_o honest_a out_o of_o some_o necessity_n and_o as_o a_o example_n of_o this_o latter_a he_o insert_v this_o of_o exact_v punishment_n exequor_fw-la say_v seneca_n non_fw-la quia_fw-la dolet_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la opportet_fw-la i_o take_v revenge_n not_o because_o i_o smart_v but_o because_o it_o be_v convenient_a v._o in_o what_o sense_n revenge_n be_v natural_o lawful_a thus_o indeed_o it_o shall_v be_v with_o man_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v far_o otherwise_o for_o we_o punish_v in_o revenge_n and_o revenge_n to_o assuage_v the_o grief_n of_o our_o suffering_n as_o if_o laeso_fw-la doloris_fw-la remedium_fw-la inimici_fw-la dolour_n our_o pain_n be_v lessen_v by_o our_o enemy_n grief_n so_o cicero_n tell_v we_o that_o grief_n be_v somewhat_o allay_v and_o mitigate_v by_o a_o just_a revenge_n but_o this_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o rational_a but_o from_o the_o irascible_a part_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o as_o it_o be_v with_o brute_n beast_n for_o anger_v as_o in_o beast_n so_o in_o man_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o aestus_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la circa_fw-la cor_fw-la ob_fw-la appetitum_fw-la reponendi_fw-la doloris_fw-la a_o inordinate_a heat_n about_o the_o heart_n out_o of_o a_o vehement_a desire_n of_o revenge_v our_o own_o grief_n as_o eustratius_n right_o define_v it_o which_o appetite_n be_v of_o itself_o so_o much_o without_o reason_n that_o sometime_o it_o mistake_v the_o true_a object_n and_o be_v carry_v violent_o against_o those_o that_o do_v no_o way_n hurt_v we_o as_o when_o we_o revenge_v ourselves_o upon_o the_o young_a whelp_n for_o the_o bitch_n sake_n that_o bite_v we_o and_o sometime_o against_o thing_n altogether_o without_o sense_n as_o when_o a_o dog_n bite_v the_o staff_n or_o stone_n wherewith_o he_o be_v beat_v now_o what_o can_v be_v more_o irrational_a quam_fw-la his_fw-la irasci_fw-la quae_fw-la iram_fw-la nec_fw-la meruerunt_fw-la nec_fw-la sentiunt_fw-la say_v seneca_n than_o to_o be_v angry_a with_o those_o thing_n which_o neither_o deserve_v our_o anger_n nor_o feel_v it_o like_o the_o brasilian_n a_o fierce_a and_o brutish_a nation_n who_o be_v wound_v by_o a_o sword_n revenge_n themselves_o as_o well_o on_o the_o sword_n as_o on_o the_o man_n that_o wield_v it_o but_o this_o appetite_n in_o itself_o consider_v agree_v not_o with_o the_o rational_a part_n of_o the_o soul_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o govern_v the_o passion_n nor_o be_v it_o consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o it_o thwart_v that_o principle_n of_o rational_a and_o social_a nature_n as_o such_o which_o forbid_v we_o to_o do_v any_o thing_n whereby_o another_o may_v be_v damnify_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o great_a good_a but_o in_o the_o grief_n or_o sufferance_n of_o another_o bare_o and_o in_o itself_o consider_v there_o be_v nothing_o of_o good_a but_o what_o be_v false_a and_o imaginary_a as_o in_o superfluous_a riches_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o our_o christian_a doctor_n but_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n who_o condemn_v revenge_v as_o unlawful_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v so_o seneca_n this_o word_n revenge_n although_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v for_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v just_a yet_o it_o be_v inhuman_a and_o differ_v nothing_o from_o a_o injury_n but_o in_o order_n only_o he_o that_o retaliate_v his_o own_o grief_n upon_o another_o have_v only_o this_o to_o plead_v for_o his_o sin_n that_o he_o be_v first_o provoke_v nay_o if_o we_o will_v give_v credit_n to_o maximus_n tyrius_n he_o that_o revenge_v be_v sometime_o the_o great_a sinner_n of_o the_o two_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o that_o return_v a_o injury_n have_v more_o of_o malice_n fury_n and_o unbridled_a passion_n than_o he_o that_o give_v the_o first_o occasion_n which_o be_v sometime_o do_v through_o rashness_n or_o ignorance_n and_o against_o a_o man_n will_n now_o if_o so_o as_o it_o be_v against_o nature_n for_o the_o stream_n to_o rise_v high_a than_o the_o fountain_n that_o feed_v it_o so_o be_v it_o most_o unjust_a that_o the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v great_a than_o the_o offence_n see_v then_o that_o it_o be_v unmanly_a nay_o brutish_a remordere_fw-la mordentem_fw-la to_o injure_v every_o man_n that_o injure_v we_o no_o one_o man_n either_o public_a or_o private_a can_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n right_o punish_v another_o mere_o as_o it_o be_v a_o punishment_n for_o what_o be_v pass_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o future_a benefit_n either_o general_a or_o particular_a public_a or_o private_a dion_z in_o plutarch_n who_o turn_v the_o wisdom_n of_o plato_n into_o civil_a act_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o revenge_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n be_v reckon_v more_o just_a than_o any_o injury_n first_o offer_v but_o if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o judgement_n of_o nature_n it_o spring_v from_o the_o very_a same_o infirmity_n of_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v therefore_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n deal_v with_o man_n to_o appease_v his_o own_o grief_n by_o occasion_v another_o man_n bare_o as_o it_o be_v a_o grief_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o less_o of_o reason_n any_o man_n have_v the_o more_o vindictive_a he_o be_v this_o seneca_n observe_v that_o infant_n old_a man_n and_o sick_a man_n be_v always_o more_o prone_a to_o anger_v than_o other_o and_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v weak_a and_o infirm_a be_v natural_o querulous_a and_o revengeful_a this_o also_o be_v juvenal_n observation_n revenge_n than_o life_n itself_o be_v sweet_a far_o 13._o sat._n 13._o infant_n for_o nought_o child_n for_o trifle_n be_v incense_v chrysippus_n be_v not_o of_o that_o mind_n nor_o gentle_a thales_n neither_o do_v i_o find_v that_o socrates_n who_o do_v next_o neighbour_n live_v to_o sweet_a hymettus_n though_o in_o chain_n do_v give_v part_n of_o his_o hemlock-potion_n unto_o he_o who_o be_v a_o slave_n have_v his_o accuser_n be_v bless_a wisdom_n first_o piece_n meal_n bid_v vice_n adieu_o then_o plant_v truth_n all_o error_n do_v eschew_v to_o joy_v in_o those_o man_n suffering_n who_o we_o hate_v argue_v a_o mind_n weak_a and_o effeminate_a this_o thus_o we_o gather_v for_o in_o all_o man_n sight_n none_o more_o than_o woman_n in_o revenge_n delight_n thus_o wise_a man_n define_v anger_n to_o be_v a_o last_a ulcer_n of_o the_o mind_n 27._o am._n marc._n l._n 27._o which_o usual_o arise_v from_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o understanding_n which_o they_o probable_o collect_v from_o this_o that_o sick_a man_n be_v usual_o more_o angry_a than_o sound_n woman_n than_o man_n old_a man_n than_o young_a and_o they_o that_o be_v miserable_a than_o they_o that_o be_v happy_a the_o very_a same_o observation_n we_o find_v in_o lactantius_n simple_n and_o man_n that_o be_v unexperienced_a be_v provoke_v by_o a_o injury_n be_v carry_v headlong_o with_o a_o blind_a and_o inconsiderate_a fury_n to_o revenge_v themselves_o on_o those_o that_o hurt_v they_o plain_o it_o be_v therefore_o that_o one_o man_n can_v be_v right_o punish_v by_o another_o bare_o as_o such_o now_o then_o let_v we_o examine_v what_o those_o benefit_n be_v that_o justify_v such_o punishment_n vi_o a_o threefold_a profit_n arise_v from_o punishment_n hereunto_o then_o appertain_v that_o paâ—â—â—tion_n of_o punishment_n that_o plato_n give_v we_o and_o after_o he_o the_o philosopher_n taurus_n recite_v by_o 14._o by_o lib._n 5._o c._n 14._o gellius_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o end_n or_o scope_n whereunto_o punishment_n do_v aim_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o whereas_o plato_n propose_v but_o two_o end_n namely_o for_o reformation_n and_o example_n taurus_n add_v a_o three_o namely_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o as_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n define_v it_o be_v the_o retribution_n of_o some_o evil_n do_v which_o look_v at_o the_o profit_n of_o he_o that_o require_v it_o which_o be_v satisfaction_n aristotle_n omit_v that_o punishment_n which_o we_o call_v exemplary_a add_v only_o this_o of_o satisfaction_n to_o that_o of_o reformation_n neither_o do_v plutarch_n omit_v it_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o punishment_n that_o tread_v on_o the_o heel_n of_o wickedness_n do_v not_o only_o restrain_v the_o audaciousness_n of_o such_o as_o offend_v but_o do_v much_o comfort_v such_o as_o be_v injure_v and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o same_o aristotle_n attribute_n to_o that_o justice_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o
nourishment_n and_o by_o and_o by_o he_o add_v what_o we_o have_v write_v of_o fox_n and_o other_o noxious_a serpent_n the_o same_o we_o suppose_v may_v be_v say_v of_o man_n whereunto_o he_o present_o subjoin_v furem_fw-la &_o latronem_fw-la qui_fw-la quocunque_fw-la modo_fw-la occiderit_fw-la sive_fw-la manu_fw-la sive_fw-la jussu_fw-la sive_fw-la suffragio_fw-la innocens_fw-la est_fw-la he_o that_o kill_v a_o thief_n or_o a_o murderer_n whether_o it_o be_v with_o his_o hand_n or_o by_o his_o command_n or_o suffrage_n be_v to_o be_v account_v innocent_a and_o to_o these_o place_n of_o democritus_n i_o suppose_v seneca_n have_v some_o respect_n in_o say_v 1._o sen._n de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 1._o when_o i_o command_v a_o obstinate_a malefactor_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n i_o do_v it_o with_o the_o same_o mind_n and_o intent_n as_o when_o i_o command_v a_o noisome_a and_o venomous_a beast_n to_o be_v kill_v nay_o if_o i_o see_v a_o viper_n or_o a_o scorpion_n say_v philo_n though_o he_o attempt_v not_o to_o bite_v or_o to_o wound_v i_o yet_o will_v i_o kill_v he_o if_o i_o can_v lest_o he_o shall_v endanger_v i_o or_o some_o other_o by_o that_o malignity_n that_o be_v in_o he_o we_o will_v not_o kill_v fox_n wolf_n and_o the_o like_a ravenous_a beast_n can_v we_o but_o make_v they_o tame_v and_o serviceable_a and_o not_o be_v endanger_v by_o they_o so_o ne_fw-fr homini_fw-la quidem_fw-la nocebimus_fw-la quia_fw-la peccavit_fw-la sed_fw-la ne_fw-la peccet_fw-la neither_o will_v we_o hurt_v and_o destroy_v man_n because_o they_o have_v offend_v but_o because_o they_o shall_v not_o offend_v again_o but_o since_o as_o well_o the_o strict_a enquiry_n into_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o every_o fact_n do_v often_o require_v great_a diligence_n as_o also_o the_o fit_v of_o each_o crime_n with_o its_o just_a punishment_n much_o prudence_n and_o equity_n lest_o whilst_o every_o man_n presume_v on_o his_o own_o sufficiency_n shall_v arrogate_v more_o unto_o himself_o than_o other_o will_v be_v content_a to_o grant_v he_o and_o thereby_o much_o strife_n and_o contention_n shall_v arise_v therefore_o it_o be_v unanimous_o agree_v upon_o that_o in_o all_o just_a society_n of_o man_n such_o shall_v be_v make_v choice_n of_o as_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o prudent_a among_o they_o or_o at_o least_o who_o they_o hope_v might_n in_o time_n prove_v to_o be_v so_o who_o thâ—y_o call_v magistrate_n upon_o who_o by_o common_a consent_n they_o transfer_v all_o that_o right_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v to_o punish_v malefactor_n so_o the_o same_o democritus_n the_o law_n will_v never_o restrain_v we_o from_o live_v as_o we_o please_v but_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o man_n go_v about_o to_o wrong_v one_o another_o for_o envy_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o sedition_n but_o yet_o what_o be_v say_v before_o of_o private_a revenge_n the_o same_o may_v be_v here_o also_o say_v of_o public_a and_o exemplary_a judgement_n namely_o that_o there_o do_v yet_o remain_v some_o footstep_n of_o that_o ancient_a right_n in_o such_o place_n and_o among_o such_o person_n as_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o public_a judicatories_n yea_o and_o among_o such_o also_o as_o be_v so_o subject_a in_o some_o particular_a case_n as_o among_o the_o jew_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o kill_v he_o immediate_o who_o forsake_v god_n and_o his_o law_n 26._o deut._n 13.9_o numb_a 25._o 1_o macc._n 2.24_o 26._o or_o that_o seduce_v his_o brother_n to_o idolatry_n which_o the_o jew_n call_v the_o judgement_n of_o zeal_n which_o be_v first_o exercise_v by_o phineas_n and_o from_o he_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o custom_n thus_o mattathias_n and_o his_o five_o son_n fall_v upon_o a_o certain_a jew_n who_o in_o obedience_n to_o the_o king_n command_n be_v sacrifice_v unto_o the_o heathenish_a god_n on_o the_o altar_n at_o modin_n and_o slay_v he_o as_o josephus_n inform_v we_o 2.24_o ant._n l._n 12._o c._n 4._o 1_o macc._n 2.24_o so_o we_o read_v of_o three_o hundred_o jew_n which_o be_v kill_v by_o their_o own_o countryman_n in_o that_o book_n which_o be_v vulgar_o call_v the_o three_o book_n of_o the_o maccabee_n this_o be_v the_o sole_a pretence_n that_o the_o jew_n make_v for_o their_o ston_a of_o st_n steven_n act_v 7.57_o and_o for_o their_o conspiracy_n against_o st_n paul_n act_v 23._o many_o other_o example_n we_o may_v find_v in_o josephus_n and_o in_o philo_n who_o in_o his_o book_n of_o sacrificer_n to_o idol_n say_v that_o such_o a_o man_n as_o shall_v so_o sacrifice_v 9_o ch._n 20._o sect._n 9_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o public_a enemy_n to_o all_o man_n be_v he_o never_o so_o near_o relate_v unto_o we_o and_o his_o motive_n and_o argument_n whereby_o he_o will_v persuade_v we_o to_o a_o defection_n from_o the_o true_a worship_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v publish_v unto_o all_o that_o love_v true_a piety_n that_o all_o man_n may_v immediate_o run_v from_o all_o place_n to_o take_v revenge_n upon_o that_o impious_a wretch_n be_v full_o persuade_v that_o the_o desire_n to_o kill_v such_o a_o man_n be_v a_o holy_a thing_n yea_o and_o in_o many_o nation_n this_o right_n do_v yet_o remain_v in_o master_n over_o their_o servant_n and_o in_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n to_o punish_v they_o even_o with_o death_n so_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o ephori_fw-la of_o sparta_n to_o put_v to_o death_n any_o of_o their_o citizen_n without_o judgement_n now_o from_o what_o have_v here_o be_v say_v we_o may_v clear_o understand_v what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v concern_v punishment_n and_o how_o long_o it_o continue_v x._o what_o the_o evangelical_n law_n require_v as_o to_o this_o let_v we_o now_o inquire_v whether_o this_o liberty_n of_o punish_v or_o revenge_v a_o injury_n be_v restrain_v by_o the_o gospel_n and_o sure_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v that_o many_o thing_n that_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v notwithstanding_o forbid_v by_o the_o divine_a law_n see_v that_o that_o law_n be_v the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o law_n and_o propose_v a_o reward_n far_o great_a than_o humane_a nature_n or_o than_o can_v possible_o be_v give_v by_o any_o other_o lawmaker_n for_o the_o obtain_n whereof_o there_o be_v deserve_o require_v such_o virtue_n as_o exceed_v those_o command_v by_o the_o sole_a law_n of_o nature_n 18._o vide_fw-la lactant._n de_fw-fr ira_fw-la dei_fw-la c._n 18._o those_o chastisement_n that_o leave_v behind_o they_o no_o brand_n of_o infamy_n nor_o last_a damage_n and_o be_v necessary_a for_o certain_a age_n and_o condition_n est_fw-la servorum_fw-la filiorúmque_fw-la peccata_fw-la non_fw-la coercere_fw-la peccatum_fw-la est_fw-la as_o for_o child_n and_o servant_n be_v no_o whit_n repugnant_a to_o the_o divine_a evangelical_n law_n especial_o if_o do_v by_o such_o as_o by_o humane_a law_n have_v a_o permission_n so_o to_o do_v as_o by_o parent_n tutor_n master_n etc._n etc._n which_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o for_o these_o be_v the_o soul_n physic_n altogether_o as_o harmless_a as_o well-tempered_a potion_n though_o to_o the_o sense_n as_o unwelcome_a but_o as_o to_o revenge_v it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o as_o it_o only_o satisfy_v the_o mind_n that_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o wrong_n it_o suffer_v it_o be_v natural_o unlawful_a much_o less_o be_v it_o agreeable_a to_o this_o evangelical_n law_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v but_o the_o hebrew_n law_n do_v not_o only_o forbid_v to_o hate_v or_o bear_v any_o grudge_n against_o their_o brethren_n unlawful_a revenge_n as_o it_o proceed_v from_o a_o delight_n in_o the_o revenger_n natural_o unlawful_a that_o be_v against_o their_o own_o countryman_n leu._n 19.17_o but_o it_o command_v they_o to_o confer_v on_o they_o some_o common_a courtesy_n though_o they_o be_v their_o enemy_n exod._n 23.4_o 5._o now_o our_o saviour_n embowel_v this_o law_n and_o show_v that_o under_o the_o name_n of_o neighbour_n all_o mankind_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v do_v hereby_o convince_v we_o that_o we_o be_v not_o only_o restrain_v from_o hurt_v our_o enemy_n but_o that_o we_o be_v also_o command_v to_o do_v they_o good_a matth._n 5.44_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o the_o hebrew_n to_o revenge_v some_o great_a injury_n do_v they_o though_o not_o by_o themselves_o yet_o by_o their_o judge_n but_o the_o evangelical_n law_n take_v away_o this_o licence_n also_o as_o be_v evident_a by_o that_o opposition_n that_o he_o put_v between_o the_o law_n and_o the_o gospel_n you_o have_v hear_v that_o it_o have_v be_v say_v a_o eye_n for_o a_o eye_n and_o a_o tooth_n for_o a_o tooth_n say_v christ_n but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o etc._n etc._n and_o
unless_o a_o great_a and_o just_a love_n of_o many_o persuade_v we_o otherwise_o for_o some_o cause_n that_o be_v external_a which_o sometime_o be_v some_o extreme_a danger_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o he_o who_o have_v offend_v but_o very_o often_o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o example_n but_o this_o most_o usual_o arise_v when_o the_o encouragement_n to_o any_o sin_n be_v general_a and_o can_v be_v repress_v without_o sharp_a and_o speedy_a remedy_n now_o the_o principal_a encouragement_n to_o sin_n be_v these_o two_o namely_o custom_n and_o facility_n xxxv_o custom_n &_o facility_n how_o they_o add_v or_o detract_v from_o the_o punishment_n of_o sin_n which_o two_o be_v so_o dangerous_a aught_o to_o be_v provide_v against_o by_o sharp_a and_o severe_a law_n the_o hebrew_a law_n do_v punish_v a_o thief_n more_o severe_o for_o steal_v sheep_n or_o ox_n out_o of_o the_o field_n than_o out_o of_o the_o house_n exod._n 22.1.9_o for_o he_o that_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o field_n be_v to_o restore_v four_o and_o fivefold_a but_o he_o that_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o house_n but_o double_a the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o cattle_n in_o the_o field_n be_v more_o easy_o drive_v away_o and_o therefore_o have_v need_n to_o be_v secure_v by_o the_o severe_a law_n roscio_n orat._n pro_fw-la roscio_n those_o crime_n say_v cicero_n be_v to_o be_v fit_v with_o the_o severe_a punishment_n praecaventur_fw-la ea_fw-la maximè_fw-la animadvertenda_fw-la peccata_fw-la quae_fw-la difficilimè_fw-la praecaventur_fw-la which_o can_v be_v prevent_v without_o great_a difficulty_n so_o justin_n speak_v of_o the_o scythian_n say_v there_o be_v no_o crime_n so_o heinous_a as_o theft_n because_o to_o they_o who_o have_v neither_o house_n nor_o enclosure_n to_o secure_v their_o herd_n of_o cattle_n or_o their_o flock_n of_o sheep_n in_o what_o safety_n can_v there_o be_v if_o it_o be_v permit_v unto_o they_o to_o rob_v and_o steal_v much_o like_a unto_o that_o in_o aristotle_n problem_n where_o speak_v of_o such_o thief_n as_o frequent_v bath_n he_o say_v that_o the_o lawgiver_n consider_v that_o the_o owner_n can_v not_o in_o those_o place_n look_v after_o their_o thing_n wise_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o safeguard_n of_o severe_a law_n and_o according_o we_o find_v that_o these_o balneary_a thief_n be_v in_o athens_n punish_v with_o death_n if_o what_o they_o there_o steal_v be_v above_o the_o value_n of_o ten_o drachma_n as_o demosthenes_n testify_v against_o timocrates_n the_o custom_n of_o a_o fact_n although_o it_o detract_v somewhat_o from_o the_o crime_n for_o as_o pliny_n speak_v in_o such_o a_o case_n he_o give_v he_o his_o pardon_n and_o that_o not_o without_o reason_n for_o though_o the_o fact_n be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n yet_o be_v it_o common_o commit_v and_o not_o punish_v yet_o do_v it_o require_v in_o some_o sort_n to_o have_v be_v severe_o punish_v because_o as_o saturninus_n speak_v nimium_fw-la multis_fw-la grassantibus_fw-la opus_fw-la exemplo_fw-la est_fw-la when_o a_o sin_n begin_v to_o spread_v and_o malefactor_n grow_v numerous_a than_o some_o exemplary_a punishment_n seem_v necessary_a for_o as_o a_o hotheaded_a horse_n have_v need_n of_o a_o strong_a rein_n so_o the_o more_o public_a and_o customary_a a_o sin_n grow_v the_o sharp_a shall_v be_v the_o punishment_n to_o suppress_v it_o but_o the_o former_a that_o be_v clemency_n in_o acquit_v offender_n be_v more_o to_o be_v follow_v in_o give_v sentence_n and_o shall_v be_v our_o guide_n in_o pass_a judgement_n but_o the_o law_n themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v severe_a and_o impartial_a yet_o with_o due_a regard_n have_v to_o the_o time_n when_o those_o law_n or_o judgement_n be_v make_v and_o publish_v because_o the_o benefit_n that_o arise_v by_o punishment_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o universality_n as_o all_o law_n also_o have_v but_o offence_n do_v vary_v and_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o every_o offender_n for_o in_o some_o they_o be_v great_a and_o in_o some_o less_o xxxvi_o clemency_n in_o the_o mitigation_n of_o punishment_n but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o great_a or_o urgent_a cause_n to_o exact_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n there_o we_o shall_v incline_v to_o mitigate_v punishment_n for_o herein_o consist_v one_o part_n of_o clemency_n the_o other_o part_n consist_v in_o their_o total_a remission_n because_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a thing_n to_o find_v out_o a_o equal_a temperament_n between_o the_o sin_n and_o the_o punishment_n say_v seneca_n therefore_o let_v the_o inequality_n be_v always_o on_o the_o gentle_a side_n 1._o de_fw-fr clem._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o and_o in_o another_o place_n poenam_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la tutò_fw-la poterit_fw-la condonet_fw-la sin_v minus_fw-la temperet_fw-la if_o it_o may_v safe_o be_v do_v the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o forgive_v if_o that_o can_v be_v the_o next_o be_v to_o lessen_v the_o punishment_n in_o diodorus_n siculus_n we_o find_v one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n high_o commend_v for_o inflict_a punishment_n less_o than_o the_o sin_n deserve_v so_o justin_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o huns_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o to_o exact_v punishment_n equal_a to_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o indeed_o as_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o mercy_n even_o in_o the_o mitigation_n of_o punishment_n the_o lesser_a lose_v much_o of_o their_o name_n and_o nature_n where_o the_o sin_n deserve_v great_a it_o be_v say_v of_o marcus_n antoninus_n that_o his_o custom_n be_v always_o to_o award_v punishment_n somewhat_o lesser_a than_o the_o crime_n deserve_v or_o the_o law_n require_v and_o isaeus_n the_o orator_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o the_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v severe_a but_o the_o punishment_n always_o mild_a than_o the_o law_n the_o like_a by_o way_n of_o advice_n we_o find_v in_o isocrates_n to_o make_v the_o punishment_n always_o less_o rigorous_a than_o the_o sin_n be_v heinous_a this_o be_v it_o which_o be_v intend_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n under_o the_o symbol_n of_o a_o pomegranet-tree_n with_o this_o word_n subacre_n very_o sharp_a and_o cassiodore_n report_v it_o of_o a_o king_n 40._o lib._n 11._o 40._o who_o be_v often_o hear_v to_o say_v where_o there_o be_v danger_n we_o be_v severe_a but_o where_o we_o be_v safe_a we_o always_o pardon_v when_o some_o donatist_n be_v apprehend_v and_o bring_v before_o marcellinus_n for_o whip_v a_o catholic_n priest_n put_v out_o one_o of_o his_o eye_n and_o cut_v off_o one_o of_o his_o finger_n circumcelliones_fw-la ep._n 159._o grat._n c._n 23._o q._n 5._o circumcelliones_fw-la st_n augustine_n fear_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v proceed_v against_o they_o by_o way_n of_o retaliation_n humble_o beseech_v marcellinus_n that_o he_o will_v not_o do_v so_o nor_o suffer_v any_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v for_o nothing_o say_v he_o more_o become_v a_o prince_n than_o clemency_n and_o as_o macedonius_n tell_v st_n augustine_n it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o priest_n to_o intercede_v for_o the_o guilty_a xxxvii_o to_o these_o be_v refer_v whatsoever_o the_o roman_n or_o hebrew_n have_v write_v concern_v punishment_n thus_o have_v we_o i_o hope_v omit_v nothing_o that_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o clear_n of_o this_o argument_n of_o itself_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a enough_o for_o those_o four_o thing_n which_o as_o maimonides_n say_v ought_v principal_o to_o be_v regard_v in_o punishment_n namely_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o sin_n that_o be_v the_o damage_n give_v the_o frequency_n of_o such_o sinner_n the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o temptation_n and_o the_o facility_n of_o commit_v it_o we_o have_v refer_v to_o their_o proper_a place_n no_o less_o than_o those_o seven_o mention_v by_o saturninus_n though_o confuse_o enough_o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o person_n offend_v he_o be_v consider_v principal_o in_o his_o aptitude_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o cause_n exciting_a to_o or_o restrain_v from_o sin_n whereof_o we_o have_v treat_v before_o the_o person_n suffer_v by_o that_o sin_n do_v sometime_o guide_v we_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o sin_n 31._o sect._n 31._o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v commit_v do_v either_o peculiarly_a aggravate_v it_o or_o appertain_v likewise_o to_o the_o facility_n of_o sin_v 30._o sect._n 30._o for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n say_v philo_n to_o offer_v violence_n to_o a_o stranger_n as_o to_o one_o own_o father_n nor_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o speak_v evil_a of_o a_o private_a man_n as_o of_o a_o magistrate_n or_o to_o commit_v a_o unlawful_a thing_n in_o a_o common_a or_o profane_a place_n as_o in_o a_o sacred_a or_o on_o a_o holy_a day_n as_o on_o another_o day_n in_o a_o private_a house_n as_o in_o a_o public_a assembly_n for_o as_o ulpian_n observe_v there_o be_v great_a difference_n between_o a_o injury_n commit_v in_o the_o view_n of_o
josephus_n testify_v against_o appion_n 1._o contr._n app._n lib._n 1._o and_o in_o another_o place_n discourse_v of_o the_o reason_n why_o most_o city_n be_v so_o ill_o govern_v he_o add_v these_o because_o their_o lawgiver_n do_v not_o at_o first_o right_o apprehend_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o god_n nor_o do_v they_o study_v to_o explain_v that_o knowledge_n so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v able_a nor_o to_o frame_v their_o government_n according_o but_o past_o it_o over_o slight_o as_o a_o thing_n of_o small_a moment_n jamblicus_n also_o have_v a_o excellent_a sentence_n out_o of_o pythagoras_n that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n be_v both_o virtue_n wisdom_n and_o perfect_a happiness_n aristotle_n therefore_o place_v religion_n as_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a of_o all_o public_a care_n and_o as_o justine_n martyr_n call_v it_o a_o work_n worthy_a of_o the_o care_n of_o all_o king_n and_o machiavelli_n himself_o assign_v the_o prosperity_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o their_o singular_a care_n of_o religion_n magistrate_n de_fw-fr create_v magistrate_n philo_n seem_v to_o sum_n up_o the_o whole_a duty_n of_o a_o king_n in_o these_o three_o particular_n the_o care_n of_o his_o own_o estate_n the_o care_n of_o the_o public_a and_o the_o care_n of_o religion_n all_o which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v not_o only_o as_o in_o some_o one_o particular_a city_n or_o kingdom_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o be_v true_a what_o cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n testify_v of_o his_o subject_n that_o they_o be_v tanto_fw-la sibi_fw-la addictiores_fw-la quanto_fw-la dei_fw-la erant_fw-la metuentiores_fw-la the_o more_o religious_a they_o be_v the_o more_o loyal_a and_o obedient_a they_o be_v to_o their_o lawful_a magistrate_n but_o they_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o common_a safety_n of_o all_o mankind_n dear_a lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr nat._n dear_a for_o as_o cicero_n note_n take_v away_o religion_n and_o all_o faithful_a deal_n between_o man_n and_o man_n nation_n and_o nation_n and_o consequent_o all_o humane_a society_n and_o one_o of_o the_o four_o cardinal_n virtue_n justice_n will_v be_v quite_o lose_v whereby_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o epicurus_n when_o he_o deny_v the_o divine_a providence_n justitiae_fw-la quoque_fw-la nihil_fw-la reliquit_fw-la praeter_fw-la inane_fw-la nomen_fw-la left_a nothing_o to_o justice_n but_o a_o empty_a name_n which_o say_v he_o as_o it_o arise_v only_o from_o contract_n and_o agreement_n so_o it_o be_v no_o long_o in_o force_n than_o it_o yield_v profit_n to_o both_o party_n herein_o say_v seneca_n we_o can_v agree_v with_o epicurus_n who_o hold_v that_o nothing_o be_v natural_o just_a and_o that_o offence_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v because_o they_o be_v commit_v we_o can_v avoid_v fear_n as_o if_o nothing_o can_v restrain_v we_o from_o injure_v other_o but_o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n only_o again_o it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o aristotle_n observe_v that_o as_o religion_n keep_v subject_n in_o due_a obedience_n to_o king_n so_o it_o restrain_v the_o tyranny_n of_o prince_n and_o beget_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o trust_n and_o confidence_n between_o they_o and_o their_o people_n the_o prince_n may_v be_v assure_v of_o his_o subject_n loyalty_n and_o the_o people_n will_v less_o fear_v to_o suffer_v unjust_o by_o their_o prince_n who_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v religious_a plat._n lib._n 9_o de_fw-la placitis_fw-la hip._n &_o plat._n galen_n observe_v many_o question_n handle_v by_o hypocrates_n and_o plato_n concern_v the_o world_n and_o the_o divine_a nature_n which_o as_o to_o the_o meliorate_n of_o man_n manner_n he_o conceive_v to_o be_v very_o impertinent_a yet_o confess_v that_o of_o the_o divine_a providence_n to_o be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n and_o importance_n to_o the_o advancement_n of_o virtue_n both_o private_a and_o public_a which_o blind_a homer_n can_v very_o well_o see_v as_o we_o may_v collect_v from_o the_o six_o and_o nine_o of_o his_o odyssey_n where_o to_o man_n that_o be_v unjust_a and_o cruel_a he_o oppose_v such_o who_o mind_n be_v season_v with_o religion_n justine_n out_o of_o trogus_n high_o commend_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o ancient_a jew_n as_o be_v thorough_o temper_v with_o religion_n and_o philo_n in_o the_o life_n of_o abraham_n make_v our_o love_n of_o god_n and_o our_o love_n of_o man_n to_o be_v congeneal_a and_o as_o it_o be_v twin_n of_o the_o same_o birth_n for_o as_o lactantius_n right_o infer_v if_o to_o know_v god_n be_v true_a piety_n 5._o lib._n 5._o and_o the_o principal_a end_n of_o this_o knowledge_n be_v to_o worship_v he_o than_o he_o that_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o god_n be_v likewise_o ignorant_a of_o true_a justice_n for_o how_o can_v he_o be_v say_v to_o know_v justice_n who_o be_v ignorant_a from_o whence_o she_o come_v now_o religion_n be_v of_o more_o use_n and_o great_a necessity_n in_o the_o common_a society_n of_o nation_n than_o in_o the_o civil_a society_n of_o man_n because_o in_o this_o civil_a society_n the_o defect_n of_o religion_n may_v in_o part_n be_v supply_v by_o severe_a law_n and_o the_o easy_a execution_n of_o they_o but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o they_o be_v but_o few_o so_o be_v they_o very_o difficult_o execute_v namely_o by_o war_n wherefore_o these_o law_n have_v always_o be_v hold_v sacred_a because_o god_n himself_o be_v the_o sole_a and_o immediate_a judge_n of_o they_o and_o he_o that_o violate_v these_o law_n be_v say_v to_o sin_n against_o god_n himself_o the_o injury_n then_o that_o be_v do_v against_o religion_n be_v by_o all_o emperor_n repute_v as_o common_a injury_n do_v as_o it_o be_v against_o all_o mankind_n xlv_o what_o be_v the_o common_a notion_n concern_v god_n express_v in_o the_o four_o first_o commandment_n but_o that_o we_o may_v pierce_v a_o little_a deep_o into_o this_o matter_n we_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o true_a religion_n that_o have_v be_v universal_o profess_v in_o all_o age_n and_o in_o almost_o all_o place_n stand_v erect_v on_o these_o four_o column_n first_o the_o acknowledgement_n that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n and_o that_o he_o be_v but_o one._n second_o that_o nothing_o of_o all_o these_o thing_n we_o see_v be_v god_n but_o that_o he_o be_v something_o that_o be_v yet_o more_o sublime_a and_o excellent_a thiâ—dly_o that_o god_n take_v care_n of_o humane_a affair_n and_o that_o he_o do_v judge_v the_o world_n righteous_o and_o fourthly_a that_o he_o be_v the_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n without_o himself_o which_o four_o proposition_n be_v explain_v in_o the_o four_o first_o precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n the_o first_o whereof_o show_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o deity_n plain_o the_o lord_n our_o god_n be_v one_o god_n the_o second_o declare_v his_o invisibility_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o as_o we_o can_v liken_v he_o to_o any_o thing_n so_o we_o can_v make_v any_o likeness_n or_o representation_n of_o he_o deut._n 4.10_o thus_o much_o do_v antisthenes_n testify_v of_o he_o no_o eye_n ever_o see_v he_o no_o likeness_n we_o have_v of_o he_o wherefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a by_o any_o image_n or_o resemblance_n to_o know_v he_o and_o so_o do_v king_n agrippa_n in_o plato_n to_o frame_v the_o likeness_n of_o that_o either_o by_o grave_v or_o paint_v which_o can_v be_v see_v be_v profane_a and_o ungodly_a the_o like_a we_o read_v in_o dion_n neither_o have_v the_o jew_n any_o image_n in_o jerusalem_n because_o they_o think_v that_o god_n can_v neither_o be_v see_v nor_o be_v by_o any_o word_n describe_v diodorus_n speak_v of_o moses_n say_v that_o he_o ordain_v no_o image_n because_o he_o do_v not_o believe_v god_n to_o be_v of_o humane_a shape_n and_o tacitus_n commend_v the_o jew_n for_o adore_v one_o only_a god_n and_o he_o in_o their_o mind_n only_o and_o condemn_v they_o as_o profane_v 36._o dion_n lib._n 36._o that_o worship_v the_o immortal_a and_o invisible_a god_n in_o image_n make_v of_o wood_n and_o stone_n in_o humane_a form_n plutarch_n also_o give_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n why_o numa_n purge_v the_o temple_n from_o image_n because_o it_o be_v impossible_a any_o other_o way_n to_o comprehend_v the_o deity_n than_o by_o the_o mind_n only_o by_o the_o three_o commandment_n we_o be_v instruct_v to_o acknowledge_v god_n omniscience_n which_o extend_v to_o our_o most_o retire_a thought_n and_o the_o care_n he_o have_v of_o humane_a affair_n for_o upon_o this_o foundation_n be_v oath_n build_v wherein_o he_o be_v invoke_v as_o a_o witness_n only_o if_o we_o speak_v truth_n but_o if_o we_o deceive_v then_o as_o a_o judge_n and_o avenger_n whereby_o also_o both_o his_o justice_n and_o his_o omnipotency_n be_v at_o once_o acknowledge_v last_o that_o god_n create_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o nature_n and_o give_v be_v to_o all_o thing_n be_v confess_v by_o the_o four_o commandment_n in_o perpetual_a memory_n whereof_o
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o savageness_n proper_a to_o wild_a beast_n only_o and_o so_o do_v seneca_n 7._o lib._n 2._o the_o clem_v cap._n 7._o non_fw-la crudelitatem_fw-la sed_fw-la feritatem_fw-la dicimus_fw-la we_o can_v so_o proper_o call_v it_o cruelty_n as_o a_o kind_n of_o savage_a fierceness_n to_o delight_v in_o blood_n we_o may_v also_o call_v it_o madness_n whereof_o as_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n so_o be_v there_o divers_a symptom_n but_o none_o more_o certain_a than_o that_o which_o delight_v in_o humane_a slaughter_n wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o aristotle_n he_o be_v cruel_a with_o a_o witness_n who_o be_v so_o far_o transport_v with_o a_o thirst_n after_o humane_a blood_n that_o he_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o friend_n and_o foe_n and_o that_o also_o of_o dion_n prusiensis_fw-la to_o engage_v ourselves_o in_o unnecessary_a war_n and_o to_o rush_v into_o battle_n without_o any_o provocation_n be_v a_o mere_a madness_n so_o likewise_o say_v seneca_n 37._o orat._n 37._o there_o be_v few_o or_o none_o so_o savage_a as_o to_o shed_v humane_a blood_n prodigal_o and_o that_o for_o blood_n sake_n only_o iii_o the_o war_n that_o have_v no_o justify_v cause_n be_v but_o predatory_a most_o man_n that_o make_v war_n have_v some_o cause_n that_o move_v they_o thereto_o some_o whereof_z have_v matter_n sufficient_a to_o justify_v they_o other_o none_o at_o all_o of_o this_o latter_a sort_n be_v that_o war_n make_v by_o the_o heruli_n against_o the_o lombard_n a_o war_n without_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o and_o such_o be_v the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o gaul_n as_o livy_n testify_v who_o think_v the_o best_a right_a to_o consist_v in_o their_o arm_n and_o that_o the_o long_a sword_n may_v take_v all_o but_o in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n qui_fw-la rogatus_fw-la de_fw-fr possidendi_fw-la causa_fw-la nullam_fw-la aliam_fw-la adfert_fw-la quam_fw-la quod_fw-la possideat_fw-la praedae_fw-la est_fw-la he_o who_o be_v demand_v by_o what_o right_a he_o hold_v any_o thing_n can_v show_v none_o but_o that_o have_v get_v it_o he_o will_v keep_v it_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o thief_n a_o pirate_n or_o a_o usurper_n of_o another_o man_n right_a so_o aristotle_n of_o such_o as_o excite_v other_o to_o war_n say_v that_o they_o regard_v not_o at_o all_o whether_o to_o subdue_v their_o innocent_a neighbour_n be_v just_a or_o not_o such_o a_o one_o be_v brennus_n who_o hold_v that_o he_o have_v the_o best_a right_n to_o all_o who_o be_v strong_a of_o all_o such_o a_o one_o silius_n thought_n annibal_n to_o be_v pro_fw-la foedere_fw-la próque_fw-la justitia_fw-la est_fw-la ensis_fw-la who_o sword_n do_v awe_v both_o league_n and_o law_n and_o such_o be_v attila_n and_o all_o those_o who_o look_v not_o at_o the_o cause_n but_o at_o the_o success_n of_o war_n according_a to_o that_o vulgar_a say_n of_o most_o soldier_n quaeritur_fw-la belli_fw-la exitus_fw-la non_fw-la causa_fw-la it_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o end_n that_o crown_v the_o war._n for_o when_o once_o the_o dispute_n come_v to_o blow_n the_o vanquish_a party_n can_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o argument_n convince_v the_o conqueror_n that_o he_o be_v in_o a_o error_n nor_o shall_v reason_n be_v hear_v when_o the_o sword_n have_v decide_v the_o quarrel_n haec_fw-la acies_fw-la victum_fw-la factura_fw-la nocentem_fw-la est_fw-la this_o battle_n will_v the_o vanquish_v guilty_a make_v for_o let_v the_o cause_n be_v what_o it_o will_v the_o conquer_a party_n must_v be_v guilty_a still_o whereunto_o that_o of_o st_n augustine_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v 6._o de_fw-fr civit._n l._n 4._o c._n 6._o to_o invade_v the_o dominion_n of_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o be_v encourage_v by_o success_n to_o proceed_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o waste_v their_o country_n and_o out_o of_o mere_a ambition_n to_o destroy_v those_o who_o never_o injure_v we_o quid_fw-la aliud_fw-la nisi_fw-la grande_fw-fr latrocinium_fw-la nominandum_fw-la est_fw-la what_o can_v we_o call_v this_o but_o a_o grand_a robbery_n of_o such_o war_n as_o these_o thus_o speak_v vellejus_n that_o they_o be_v make_v for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o for_o pay_v and_o plunder_v so_o think_v cicero_n also_o that_o pride_n and_o haughtiness_n of_o spirit_n â—_o de_fw-fr off._n lib._n â—_o whereby_o we_o confront_v danger_n and_o endure_v all_o manner_n of_o hardship_n be_v no_o part_n of_o true_a valour_n if_o justice_n be_v want_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n speak_v agathias_n 2._o lib._n 2._o they_o who_o be_v transport_v either_o with_o a_o insatiable_a desire_n of_o rule_n or_o of_o riches_n or_o by_o a_o violent_a hatred_n shall_v without_o any_o other_o cause_n invade_v another_o man_n dominion_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o offend_v those_o that_o be_v inoffensive_a these_o man_n say_v he_o be_v both_o proud_a and_o dishonest_a of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v andronicus_n rhodius_n they_o who_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o do_v rob_v other_o be_v account_v wicked_a impious_a and_o unjust_a and_o such_o be_v tyrant_n and_o they_o who_o for_o plunder_v make_v city_n desolate_a 1._o ferinum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la caedes_fw-la &_o vastationes_fw-la nulla_fw-la accepta_fw-la injuria_fw-la venire_fw-la see_v bo._n 2._o chap._n 1._o §._o 1._o concern_v who_o philo_n upon_o the_o decalogue_n write_v thus_o they_o that_o have_v get_v the_o power_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n that_o spoil_v whole_a city_n be_v secure_v from_o punishment_n by_o be_v above_o the_o law_n these_o be_v man_n of_o a_o barbarous_a nature_n ambitious_a of_o rule_n and_o dominion_n commit_v great_a robbery_n yet_o cloak_v their_o villainy_n under_o the_o specious_a name_n of_o magistracy_n and_o empire_n which_o may_v more_o proper_o be_v call_v notorious_a villainy_n for_o to_o waste_v and_o depopulate_v country_n be_v by_o no_o injury_n provoke_v be_v brutish_a cruelty_n iv_o some_o cause_n be_v specious_a but_o not_o just_a other_o there_o be_v that_o pretend_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o just_a and_o warrantable_a ground_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v thorough_o search_v into_o will_v be_v find_v unjust_a and_o as_o livy_n speak_v a_o contest_v not_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o law_n or_o justice_n but_o by_o plain_a force_n some_o prince_n say_v plutarch_n make_v the_o same_o use_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n as_o private_a man_n do_v of_o money_n not_o always_o for_o just_a end_n but_o for_o end_n suitable_a to_o their_o own_o fancy_n now_o though_o what_o cause_n be_v unjust_a may_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n know_v by_o those_o that_o be_v just_a rectum_fw-la enim_fw-la est_fw-la obliqui_fw-la judex_fw-la for_o by_o a_o line_n that_o be_v straight_o we_o may_v easy_o discern_v that_o which_o be_v crooked_a yet_o for_o plainness_n and_o perspicuity_n we_o shall_v insist_v upon_o the_o principal_a head_n of_o they_o v._o as_o a_o uncertain_a fear_n and_o first_o our_o fear_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o swell_a power_n of_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o a_o just_a war_n for_o that_o our_o defence_n by_o arm_n be_v just_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v necessary_a which_o it_o can_v be_v unless_o we_o be_v most_o assure_v not_o only_o that_o he_o against_o who_o we_o make_v war_n have_v a_o power_n to_o do_v we_o wrong_n but_o that_o he_o have_v also_o a_o full_a purpose_n and_o resolution_n so_o to_o do_v which_o certain_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o as_o take_v place_n in_o moral_a matter_n that_o therefore_o our_o neighbour_n be_v not_o restrain_v by_o any_o former_a agreement_n build_v a_o fort_n in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o own_o dominion_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v be_v hereafter_o annoy_v be_v no_o just_a ground_n for_o we_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o because_o for_o prevention_n we_o also_o may_v do_v the_o like_a in_o any_o part_n of_o our_o own_o territory_n 1._o zonaras_n pausanias_n lib._n 1._o or_o apply_v ourselves_o to_o other_o the_o like_a remedy_n and_o not_o by_o war._n whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n against_o philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o that_o make_v by_o lysimachus_n against_o demetrius_n be_v unjust_a unless_o warrant_v by_o the_o access_n of_o some_o other_o cause_n cauchi_n the_o cauchi_n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v with_o that_o of_o tacitus_n concern_v the_o cauchi_n the_o noble_a people_n of_o all_o germany_n who_o say_v he_o support_v their_o grandeur_n by_o justice_n without_o any_o extraordinary_a affectation_n either_o of_o glory_n or_o riches_n and_o yet_o without_o any_o disability_n or_o want_n of_o power_n to_o either_o they_o live_v quiet_o and_o without_o noise_n provoke_v no_o war_n nor_o be_v they_o waste_v by_o spoil_n or_o pillage_n spain_n though_o our_o own_o uncertain_a fear_n be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o we_o to_o make_v war_n yet_o may_v we_o use_v all_o lawful_a mean_n cautious_o to_o prevent_v danger_n before_o they_o fall_v this_o be_v
necessity_n nisi_fw-la malint_fw-la fame_n perire_fw-la unless_o they_o have_v rather_o perish_v by_o famine_n for_o as_o anaxilaus_n in_o xenophon_n apoligize_v for_o his_o surrender_n of_o byzantium_n be_v thereunto_o constrain_v for_o want_n of_o bread_n pugnandum_fw-la est_fw-la hominibus_fw-la in_o homines_fw-la non_fw-la in_o rerum_fw-la naturam_fw-la man_n ought_v to_o fight_v against_o man_n but_o not_o against_o nature_n neither_o do_v man_n commend_v a_o voluntary_a death_n so_o long_o as_o their_o hope_n be_v above_o their_o fear_n that_o sentence_n which_o diodorus_n siculus_n pass_v against_o the_o theban_n which_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a stand_v yet_o upon_o record_n namely_o that_o they_o be_v the_o author_n of_o their_o own_o ruin_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v with_o more_o courage_n than_o prudence_n provoke_v alexander_n to_o their_o own_o destruction_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o same_o author_n examine_v the_o ground_n of_o that_o war_n which_o the_o thracian_n undertake_v against_o alexander_n army_n after_o his_o death_n say_v that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n they_o have_v consult_v well_o for_o their_o own_o glory_n but_o not_o so_o well_o for_o their_o own_o profit_n by_o thrust_v themselves_o over-hasty_o into_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enterprise_n be_v no_o way_n urge_v thereunto_o by_o any_o necessity_n but_o especial_o be_v forewarn_v by_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o theban_n the_o like_a censure_n do_v plutarch_n pass_v upon_o cato_n and_o scipio_n who_o for_o refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o caesar_n after_o his_o victory_n in_o pharsalia_n he_o condemn_v as_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o so_o many_o and_o so_o gallant_a man_n do_v unnecessary_o perish_v in_o africa_n now_o what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v concern_v liberty_n may_v likewise_o be_v say_v concern_v other_o thing_n that_o be_v desiderable_a when_o they_o can_v be_v obtain_v without_o if_o not_o a_o more_o just_a yet_o at_o least_o a_o equal_a expectation_n of_o some_o great_a mischief_n for_o as_o aristides_n say_v to_o preserve_v the_o ship_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o good_n be_v usual_a but_o not_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o passenger_n vii_o war_n seldom_o make_v for_o punishment_n by_o prince_n of_o equal_a power_n this_o also_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o war_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o make_v for_o exact_v punishment_n only_o by_o such_o prince_n or_o state_n as_o be_v of_o equal_a power_n for_o as_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n so_o he_o that_o undertake_v to_o punish_v injury_n by_o arm_n must_v always_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v of_o power_n sufficient_a to_o enforce_v it_o neither_o be_v it_o prudence_n only_o or_o the_o love_n we_o bear_v to_o our_o subject_n that_o shall_v dissuade_v we_o from_o a_o doubtful_a war_n but_o sometime_o even_a justice_n that_o i_o mean_v which_o be_v essential_a to_o government_n which_o require_v as_o obedience_n from_o inferior_n so_o protection_n and_o preservation_n from_o superior_n and_o consequent_o as_o some_o divine_n have_v right_o observe_v if_o a_o king_n for_o any_o small_a or_o trife_v cause_n as_o for_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n which_o be_v unnecessary_a loss_n in_o what_o case_n a_o prince_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v his_o subject_n loss_n engage_v his_o subject_n in_o a_o dangerous_a war_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o loss_n they_o shall_v thereby_o sustain_v for_o although_o to_o his_o enemy_n haply_o he_o do_v no_o wrong_n who_o have_v just_o provoke_v he_o yet_o do_v he_o thereby_o wrong_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o involve_v they_o in_o a_o dangerous_a war_n for_o such_o slight_a cause_n as_o may_v better_a have_v be_v dissemble_v and_o be_v therefore_o bind_v to_o repair_v their_o damage_n in_o which_o sense_n that_o of_o livy_n hold_v true_a justum_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la quod_fw-la necessarium_fw-la est_fw-la &_o pia_fw-la arma_fw-la quibus_fw-la nulla_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la relinquitur_fw-la spes_fw-la that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v necessary_a and_o arm_n be_v there_o necessary_a when_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o safety_n but_o by_o arms._n this_o be_v ovid_n wish_n 1._o ovid._n fast_o 1._o sola_fw-la gerat_fw-la mile_n quibus_fw-la arma_fw-la coerceat_fw-la arma_fw-la may_v then_o the_o soldier_n arm_v be_v when_o he_o repel_v his_o enemy_n viii_o war_n not_o to_o be_v undertake_v but_o in_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n there_o be_v then_o one_o rare_a cause_n when_o war_n either_o can_v or_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v as_o namely_o when_o as_o flora_n speak_v jura_n sunt_fw-la armis_fw-la saeviora_fw-la law_n be_v more_o cruel_a than_o war_n itself_o that_o be_v when_o the_o oppression_n of_o tyrant_n be_v more_o greivious_a than_o the_o misery_n of_o war._n he_o say_v seneca_n need_v not_o to_o fear_v the_o misery_n of_o war_n that_o suffer_v the_o like_a if_o not_o great_a live_v in_o peace_n so_o aristides_n when_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o our_o condition_n will_v be_v worse_o in_o sit_v still_o than_o we_o may_v adventure_v upon_o the_o danger_n of_o war._n neither_o be_v that_o opinion_n of_o tacitus_n much_o to_o be_v condemn_v where_o he_o say_v that_o a_o miserable_a peace_n may_v well_o be_v exchange_v for_o a_o doubtful_a war_n that_o be_v as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v when_o if_o we_o conquer_v we_o enjoy_v our_o freedom_n or_o be_v conquer_v our_o condition_n can_v be_v no_o worse_o or_o when_o as_o livy_n speak_v peace_n be_v more_o grievous_a to_o those_o that_o serve_v than_o war_n be_v to_o those_o that_o be_v free_a but_o not_o as_o cicero_n put_v the_o case_n if_o it_o appear_v that_o be_v conquer_a we_o shall_v be_v proscribe_v i._n e._n our_o estate_n shall_v be_v sell_v and_o our_o person_n banish_v but_o be_v conqueror_n we_o change_v only_o our_o oppressor_n but_o be_v not_o ease_v of_o our_o oppression_n ix_o or_o without_o great_a cause_n and_o great_a advantage_n another_o time_n when_o war_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o peace_n peace_n be_v when_o upon_o a_o rational_a debate_n we_o find_v that_o we_o have_v the_o best_a right_n and_o which_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n power_n sufficient_a to_o defend_v it_o that_o be_v as_o augustus_n in_o suetonius_n sometime_o say_v 24._o say_v sueton._n c._n 24._o when_o there_o be_v more_o hope_n of_o gain_n than_o fear_v of_o loss_n or_o as_o scipio_n africanus_n and_o l._n aemilius_n paulus_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v of_o the_o battle_n 2._o battle_n awl_n gel._n l._n 13._o c._n 3._o val._n max._n l._n 7._o c._n 2._o we_o ought_v not_o to_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n but_o upon_o some_o unavoidable_a necessity_n or_o upon_o great_a and_o manifest_a advantage_n wherewith_o accord_n that_o of_o plutarch_n gracchis_n plutarch_n gracchis_n before-recited_n to_o use_v iron_n and_o steel_n without_o very_o great_a necessity_n neither_o become_v a_o good_a physician_n nor_o a_o prudent_a state_n man_n the_o like_a zonara_n record_n of_o marcianus_n king_n when_o they_o may_v lawful_o enjoy_v peace_n ought_v not_o to_o make_v war._n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o st._n augustine_n pacem_fw-la habere_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la autem_fw-la necessitatis_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la ut_fw-la liberet_fw-la nos_fw-la deus_fw-la à _fw-la necessitate_v &_o conservet_fw-la in_o pace_n peace_n we_o shall_v make_v voluntary_o war_n out_o of_o necessity_n that_o so_o god_n may_v relieve_v we_o in_o our_o necessity_n and_o preserve_v we_o in_o peace_n but_o then_o most_o especial_o may_v we_o make_v war_n when_o we_o have_v good_a cause_n to_o hope_n that_o our_o enemy_n through_o fear_n or_o by_o the_o fame_n of_o our_o victory_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o yield_v without_o any_o or_o very_o little_a danger_n on_o our_o part_n and_o this_o be_v as_o pliny_n call_v it_o the_o most_o glorious_a of_o all_o victory_n x._o the_o misery_n of_o war._n war_n indeed_o be_v as_o plutarch_n speak_v eamilli_n speak_v vit._n eamilli_n a_o very_a savage_a thing_n and_o never_o come_v unaccompanied_a with_o a_o torrent_n of_o mischief_n and_o insolence_n which_o say_v st._n aug._n 7._o aug._n de_fw-fr civet_fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 19_o c._n 7._o shall_v i_o undertake_v to_o describe_v when_o and_o where_o will_v my_o discourse_n end_n but_o they_o may_v say_v a_o wise_a man_n will_v sometime_o make_v war_n as_o if_o when_o he_o consider_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o man_n he_o do_v not_o much_o more_o grieve_v to_o find_v himself_o enforce_v thereunto_o though_o that_o war_n be_v just_a for_o unless_o it_o be_v just_a there_o can_v be_v no_o necessity_n to_o make_v it_o because_o it_o be_v the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o adverse_a part_n that_o thrust_v a_o wise_a man_n into_o a_o just_a and_o necessary_a war_n which_o very_a iniquity_n as_o proceed_v from_o man_n though_o no_o necessity_n of_o a_o war_n shall_v thence_o arise_v be_v
command_v may_v not_o lawful_o be_v do_v as_o if_o a_o father_n command_v his_o son_n to_o give_v his_o suffrage_n or_o to_o pass_v a_o sentence_n contrary_a to_o his_o own_o judgement_n or_o to_o bear_v witness_n to_o that_o whereof_o he_o be_v ignorant_a if_o my_o father_n command_v i_o to_o burn_v the_o capitol_n to_o possess_v myself_o of_o such_o a_o fort_n or_o castle_n i_o may_v lawful_o answer_v these_o thing_n i_o must_v not_o do_v so_o in_o another_o place_n we_o be_v not_o to_o execute_v all_o our_o parent_n command_n for_o otherwise_o nothing_o will_v be_v more_o destructive_a than_o benefit_n receive_v if_o they_o oblige_v we_o unto_o all_o manner_n of_o servitude_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o seneca_n neither_o can_v we_o command_v all_o thing_n nor_o can_v our_o servant_n be_v compel_v to_o obey_v we_o in_o all_o our_o command_n contra_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la imperata_fw-la non_fw-la facient_fw-la they_o will_v not_o obey_v we_o if_o we_o command_v they_o any_o thing_n against_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o will_v not_o though_o command_v put_v their_o hand_n to_o any_o wickedness_n of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v sopater_n a_o father_n say_v he_o be_v indeed_o to_o be_v obey_v if_o his_o command_n be_v according_a to_o law_n it_o be_v true_a but_o if_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o convenient_a to_o justify_v subject_n for_o refuse_v to_o execute_v the_o wicked_a command_n of_o their_o prince_n we_o have_v divers_a example_n in_o the_o sacred_a story_n saul_n command_v his_o guard_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o priest_n at_o nob_n but_o they_o will_v not_o put_v forth_o their_o hand_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o priest_n of_o the_o lord_n 1_o sam._n 22.17_o ahab_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o jezebel_n persecute_v the_o lord_n prophet_n to_o death_n but_o good_a obadiah_n preserve_v a_o hundred_o of_o they_o and_o feed_v they_o by_o fifty_o in_o a_o cave_n 1_o king_n 18.4_o ahaziah_n command_v a_o captain_n and_o his_o fifty_o to_o apprehend_v elijah_n only_o for_o pronounce_v that_o sentence_n which_o god_n pass_v against_o he_o elijah_n not_o only_o refuse_v to_o come_v down_o but_o to_o vindicate_v his_o commission_n command_v fire_n from_o heaven_n to_o consume_v the_o messenger_n 2_o king_n 1.10_o in_o our_o christian_a story_n we_o find_v manuel_n and_o georgius_n high_o commend_v for_o refuse_v to_o be_v instrumental_a in_o the_o murder_n of_o augusta_n and_o in_o profane_a we_o have_v likewise_o two_o notable_a example_n of_o such_o who_o have_v refuse_v to_o obey_v their_o prince_n in_o their_o unlawful_a command_n the_o one_o of_o papinianus_n that_o great_a lawyer_n who_o be_v command_v by_o caracalla_n to_o justify_v as_o well_o to_o the_o senate_n as_o the_o people_n the_o parricide_n he_o have_v commit_v upon_o his_o own_o brother_n geta_n 21._o spartianus_n lib._n 21._o ready_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o soon_o justify_v as_o do_v and_o for_o his_o refusal_n suffer_v death_n the_o other_o of_o helpodius_n both_o record_v by_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o severus_n who_o will_v have_v no_o man_n exempt_v from_o punishment_n that_o shall_v dare_v to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o a_o senator_n extrajudicial_o as_o i_o suppose_v though_o at_o the_o emperor_n command_n stratocles_n be_v worthy_o deride_v among_o the_o athenian_n for_o but_o offer_v at_o a_o law_n xiphilinum_n vid._n xiphilinum_n whereby_o whatsoever_o shall_v please_v king_n demetrius_n shall_v be_v repute_v as_o pious_a â—â—wards_n god_n and_o just_a among_o man_n pliny_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o minutius_n labour_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v 3._o lib._n 3._o that_o the_o very_a ministry_n or_o execution_n of_o unlawful_a command_n be_v sinful_a for_o as_o tertullian_n speak_v plus_fw-fr caeditur_fw-la qui_fw-la jubet_fw-la quando_fw-la nec_fw-la obsequitur_fw-la qui_fw-la excusatur_fw-la surely_n he_o that_o command_v thing_n unjust_a be_v severe_o punishable_a when_o he_o that_o but_o execute_v they_o not_o be_v excuse_v those_o civil_a law_n which_o do_v easy_o pardon_v venial_a sin_n be_v also_o very_o favourable_a to_o those_o who_o be_v enforce_v either_o to_o sin_n or_o to_o disobey_v and_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o favourable_a to_o all_o alike_o for_o where_o the_o crime_n be_v foul_a and_o such_o as_o nature_n by_o a_o secret_a instinct_n seem_v to_o abhor_v they_o show_v no_o favour_n at_o all_o but_o where_o the_o offence_n appear_v not_o to_o be_v heinous_a by_o any_o natural_a interpretation_n but_o by_o logical_a inference_n may_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v so_o there_o they_o wise_o vouchsafe_v pardon_n josephus_n relate_v that_o the_o jew_n that_o serve_v under_o alexander_n the_o great_a can_v neither_o by_o stripe_n nor_o any_o reproachful_a word_n be_v enforce_v to_o carry_v earth_n or_o other_o material_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o soldier_n do_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o temple_n of_o belus_n which_o be_v in_o babylon_n but_o example_n more_o pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n be_v the_o thebean_a legion_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o the_o soldier_n that_o serve_v under_o julian_n apostate_n christian_n soldier_n under_o julian_n the_o apostate_n whereof_o st_n ambrose_n speak_v thus_o though_o the_o emperor_n julian_n be_v a_o apostate_n yet_o have_v he_o many_o christian_n that_o serve_v under_o he_o to_o who_o if_o have_v say_v draw_v out_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o will_v instant_o have_v obey_v but_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v march_v out_o against_o the_o christian_n tunc_fw-la agnoscebant_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la coeli_fw-la than_o they_o will_v have_v acknowledge_v no_o king_n but_o the_o king_n of_o heaven_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o those_o executioner_n who_o be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n choose_v rather_o to_o die_v themselves_o than_o to_o execute_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n pronounce_v against_o christian_n now_o the_o case_n be_v the_o very_a same_o whensoever_o any_o man_n be_v persuade_v that_o the_o thing_n command_v be_v unjust_a for_o to_o such_o a_o man_n it_o be_v so_o long_o unjust_a until_o he_o can_v be_v convince_v that_o it_o be_v otherwise_o iu._n but_o what_o if_o he_o doubt_v but_o what_o if_o he_o be_v in_o doubt_n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a or_o not_o be_v he_o to_o suspend_v or_o to_o obey_v the_o most_o receive_a opinion_n be_v that_o he_o must_v obey_v neither_o shall_v he_o be_v startle_v at_o that_o notable_a say_v quoth_v dubitas_fw-la ne_fw-la feceris_fw-la forbear_v if_o thou_o doubte_v for_o he_o that_o contemplative_o doubt_v may_v as_o to_o his_o practical_a judgement_n not_o doubt_n at_o all_o because_o he_o may_v be_v confident_a that_o in_o doubtful_a case_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o obey_v his_o superior_n and_o indeed_o that_o this_o distinction_n of_o a_o twofold_a judgement_n be_v of_o necessary_a use_n in_o many_o action_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v the_o civil_a law_n not_o only_o of_o the_o roman_n but_o of_o other_o nation_n do_v not_o only_o indemnify_v obedience_n in_o such_o a_o case_n but_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o civil_a action_n against_o they_o that_o do_v it_o in_o obedience_n many_o magistrate_n say_v st._n chrysostome_n we_o have_v hear_v of_o who_o be_v accuse_v of_o unjust_a murder_n have_v be_v punish_v but_o no_o man_n ever_o question_v the_o executioner_n or_o make_v inquisition_n after_o he_o for_o the_o necessity_n of_o obey_v his_o superior_a make_v his_o fact_n excusable_a be_v damnum_fw-la that_fw-mi qui_fw-la jubet_fw-la dare_fw-mi he_o say_v the_o lawyer_n give_v the_o damage_n that_o command_v it_o and_o again_o ejus_fw-la vero_fw-la nulla_fw-la culpa_fw-la est_fw-la cvi_fw-la parere_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la neither_o can_v the_o fault_n be_v proper_o he_o who_o be_v command_v must_v obey_v and_o again_o necessitas_fw-la potestatis_fw-la excusat_fw-la that_o which_o be_v enforce_v on_o we_o by_o a_o power_n above_o we_o be_v pardonable_a aristotle_n himself_o injustè_fw-fr nicom_o 5._o injustum_fw-la facere_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la injustè_fw-fr among_o those_o who_o do_v unjust_a thing_n but_o not_o unjust_o reckon_v the_o servant_n of_o a_o wicked_a master_n for_o he_o be_v say_v to_o do_v unjust_o from_o who_o the_o action_n do_v original_o proceed_v now_o because_o in_o a_o servant_n there_o be_v no_o full_a deliberative_a power_n therefore_o the_o servant_n though_o he_o do_v that_o which_o be_v unjust_a yet_o in_o do_v that_o only_a which_o he_o be_v command_v he_o do_v not_o unjust_o according_a to_o that_o proverbial_a say_v dimidia_fw-la virtute_fw-la caret_fw-la servire_fw-la coactus_fw-la he_o want_v one_o half_a of_o goodness_n that_o must_v serve_v and_o that_o also_o one_o half_a of_o humane_a reason_n god_n withdraw_v from_o those_o who_o live_v under_o another_o law_n and_o that_o which_o philo_n make_v use_v of_o if_o serve_v thou_o do_v what_o be_v reason_n unto_o thou_o ulpian_n out_o of_o celsus_n
that_o forbid_v it_o yet_o can_v he_o never_o attain_v unto_o that_o perfection_n of_o holiness_n that_o the_o gospel_n seem_v to_o commend_v unto_o we_o so_o for_o a_o believe_a husband_n to_o put_v away_o his_o unbelieve_a wife_n be_v lawful_a as_o st._n augustine_n affirm_v which_o with_o what_o circumstance_n be_v to_o be_v verify_v it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o purpose_n in_o this_o place_n to_o discuss_v but_o yet_o he_o may_v and_o that_o haply_o more_o laudable_o retain_v she_o wherefore_o he_o add_v both_o be_v equal_o lawful_a according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o divine_a justice_n for_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v prohibit_v by_o god_n but_o yet_o both_o be_v not_o equal_o expedient_a ulpian_n concern_v he_o that_o have_v sell_v his_o wine_n and_o covenant_v with_o the_o buyer_n that_o if_o he_o fetch_v it_o not_o by_o such_o a_o day_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o pour_v it_o out_o say_v that_o although_o he_o may_v do_v it_o yet_o if_o he_o do_v it_o not_o he_o be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v commend_v second_o this_o word_n lawful_a may_v be_v take_v for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o humane_a law_n although_o it_o consist_v not_o with_o piety_n or_o the_o rule_n of_o morality_n thus_o in_o many_o country_n fornication_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v not_o punishable_a among_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o egyptian_n theft_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o quintilian_n we_o read_v that_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o though_o not_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n commendable_a yet_o that_o be_v by_o the_o law_n tolerate_v as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n the_o body_n of_o the_o debtor_n may_v the_o divide_a among_o the_o creditor_n all_o which_o though_o in_o themselves_o unfit_a and_o unseemly_a yet_o be_v by_o some_o lawgiver_n permit_v to_o avoid_v great_a inconvenience_n licentia_fw-la plerumque_fw-la est_fw-la tentatio_fw-la disciplinae_fw-la licence_n say_v tertullian_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o the_o touchstone_n of_o discipline_n all_o thing_n say_v s._n paul_n be_v lawful_a but_o all_o thing_n edify_v not_o now_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v somewhat_o improper_a as_o cicero_n testify_v in_o his_o tusculan_n 5._o lib._n 5._o where_o speak_v of_o cinna_n who_o have_v be_v four_o time_n consul_n and_o have_v cause_v divers_a of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o roman_a nobility_n to_o be_v slay_v say_v thus_o shall_v we_o esteem_v this_o man_n happy_a nay_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o think_v he_o miserable_a not_o because_o he_o commit_v these_o thing_n but_o because_o he_o so_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n that_o he_o may_v lawful_o commit_v they_o not_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o sin_n sed_fw-la sermonis_fw-la errore_fw-la labimur_fw-la dum_fw-la id_fw-la licere_fw-la dicimus_fw-la quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la conceditur_fw-la but_o we_o be_v mislead_v through_o the_o common_a error_n of_o speech_n whilst_o we_o pronounce_v that_o lawful_a which_o be_v only_o permit_v injuria_fw-la summum_fw-la jus_o summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la whence_o columella_n conclude_v that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o prosecute_v our_o revenge_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o what_o we_o may_v for_o extreme_a severity_n be_v too_o near_o a_o neighbour_n to_o extreme_a cruelty_n yet_o notwithstanding_o though_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v not_o so_o proper_a yet_o be_v it_o among_o the_o roman_n very_o frequent_a as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o same_o cicero_n who_o thus_o bespeak_v the_o judge_n posthumo_fw-la orat._n pro_fw-la rabirio_n posthumo_fw-la quid_fw-la deceat_fw-la vos_fw-la non_fw-la quantum_fw-la liceat_fw-la vobis_fw-la spectare_fw-la debetis_fw-la you_o that_o be_v judge_n ought_v to_o consider_v not_o so_o much_o what_o in_o strictness_n of_o law_n you_o may_v do_v but_o what_o in_o every_o case_n be_v most_o fit_a and_o convenient_a to_o be_v do_v for_o if_o you_o regard_v your_o own_o power_n only_o you_o may_v put_v to_o death_n even_o who_o you_o will_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o say_v of_o king_n that_o they_o may_v do_v even_o what_o they_o please_v because_o they_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o lash_n of_o humane_a law_n yet_o be_v that_o advice_n which_o claudian_n give_v unto_o his_o prince_n much_o more_o worthy_o to_o be_v by_o all_o prince_n receive_v nec_fw-la tibi_fw-la quid_fw-la liceat_fw-la sed_fw-la quid_fw-la fecisse_fw-la decebit_fw-la occurrat_fw-la resolve_v to_o do_v not_o what_o you_o may_v but_o what_o become_v you_o musonius_n high_o blame_v those_o prince_n who_o study_v more_o their_o own_o prerogative_n 5._o declam_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o than_o the_o good_a of_o their_o subject_n and_o that_o say_v thus_o and_o thus_o i_o can_v do_v rather_o than_o thus_o and_o thus_o i_o ought_v to_o do_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o find_v these_o two_o word_n licet_fw-la and_o oportet_fw-la it_o be_v lawful_a and_o it_o behoove_v place_v sometime_o in_o opposition_n one_o to_o the_o other_o 30._o lib._n 30._o as_o in_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n sunt_fw-la aliqua_fw-la quae_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la oportet_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la licet_fw-la some_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v do_v though_o lawful_o we_o may_v do_v they_o so_o in_o pliny_n epistle_n thing_n that_o be_v dishonest_a we_o must_v avoid_v not_o as_o they_o be_v unlawful_a but_o as_o they_o be_v shameful_a and_o as_o cicero_n himself_o affirm_v the_o same_o est_fw-la enim_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la oporteat_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la licet_fw-la balbo_n orat._n pro_fw-la balbo_n something_o be_v be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v do_v though_o lawful_a and_o in_o his_o oration_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o milo_n he_o distinguish_v between_o fas_fw-la and_o licet_fw-la attribute_v to_o the_o former_a that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o to_o the_o latter_a that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o particular_a country_n so_o quintilian_n the_o father_n in_o one_o of_o his_o declamation_n tell_v we_o 251._o orat._n 251._o that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o look_v strict_o to_o what_o be_v a_o man_n right_a i._n e._n to_o what_o a_o man_n may_v do_v and_o another_o thing_n to_o respect_n that_o which_o be_v just_a aliud_fw-la est_fw-la spectare_fw-la jura_fw-la aliud_fw-la justitiam_fw-la iii_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a general_o that_o be_v not_o punishable_a in_o this_o sense_n therefore_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o enemy_n to_o hurt_v another_o both_o in_o his_o person_n or_o in_o his_o estate_n it_o be_v lawful_a i_o say_v not_o only_o for_o he_o that_o make_v war_n upon_o a_o just_a ground_n and_o that_o in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o that_o war_n contain_v himself_o within_o those_o bound_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v prescribe_v he_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v but_o for_o both_o party_n and_o that_o without_o distinction_n so_o that_o he_o that_o do_v thus_o injure_v his_o enemy_n though_o he_o be_v apprehend_v in_o another_o prince_n dominion_n yet_o can_v he_o not_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o a_o homicide_n or_o as_o a_o thief_n neither_o can_v any_o other_o prince_n for_o this_o only_a cause_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o sallust_n true_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a to_o the_o conqueror_n iu._n why_o such_o effect_n be_v introduce_v now_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o licence_n grant_v by_o all_o nation_n be_v this_o because_o when_o two_o nation_n be_v at_o war_n for_o any_o other_o nation_n to_o judge_v where_o the_o right_o be_v have_v be_v dangerous_a for_o by_o that_o mean_n that_o nation_n may_v quick_o be_v entangle_v in_o the_o other_o war_n as_o the_o marseillian_o plead_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n and_o therefore_o they_o confess_v that_o they_o have_v neither_o wisdom_n nor_o power_n sufficient_a to_o determine_v whether_o of_o they_o have_v the_o just_a cause_n beside_o even_o where_o the_o war_n be_v manifest_o just_a it_o be_v a_o very_a nice_a thing_n by_o any_o outward_a token_n to_o judge_v which_o be_v the_o just_a rule_n or_o measure_n either_o of_o defend_v ourselves_o of_o recover_v our_o own_o right_n or_o of_o exact_v punishment_n so_o that_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n of_o the_o prince_n engage_v to_o determine_v of_o these_o thing_n among_o themselves_o than_o to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o other_o thus_o do_v the_o achaian_n demand_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o what_o have_v former_o be_v act_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n shall_v now_o fall_v into_o debate_n now_o beside_o this_o of_o licence_n and_o impunity_n there_o be_v another_o effect_n of_o a_o just_a and_o solemn_a war_n namely_o
example_n in_o all_o history_n as_o namely_o by_o the_o example_n of_o achilles_n in_o homer_n of_o mago_n and_o turnus_n in_o virgil_n which_o do_v therefore_o stand_v yet_o upon_o record_n to_o justify_v the_o like_a practice_n hereafter_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n for_o st._n augustine_n himself_o commend_v the_o goth_n for_o spare_v suppliant_n 2._o de_fw-fr civit._n dei_fw-la c._n 2._o and_o such_o as_o flee_v unto_o temple_n for_o protection_n yet_o say_v that_o which_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n they_o may_v do_v they_o think_v unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o do_v neither_o be_v they_o always_o receive_v to_o mercy_n that_o beg_v it_o witness_v the_o grecian_n that_o side_v with_o the_o persian_n against_o alexander_n at_o that_o great_a battle_n fight_v at_o the_o river_n granicum_fw-la 12._o ann._n 12._o and_o the_o uspense_v in_o tacitus_n who_o crave_v leave_n but_o to_o depart_v their_o city_n with_o their_o body_n free_a be_v reject_v by_o the_o conqueror_n because_o it_o will_v have_v be_v think_v cruelty_n to_o have_v kill_v they_o in_o cold_a blood_n after_o they_o have_v yield_v themselves_o and_o hard_o to_o keep_v a_o guard_n upon_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n therefore_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o let_v they_o perish_v by_o the_o sword_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arms._n observe_v here_o also_o the_o right_n of_o war._n xii_o yea_o and_o to_o such_o as_o yield_v without_o condition_n neither_o do_v they_o always_o find_v mercy_n that_o surrender_v themselves_o without_o any_o condition_n at_o all_o but_o even_o these_o be_v sometime_o put_v to_o death_n as_o the_o prince_n of_o pomeria_fw-la be_v by_o the_o roman_n the_o samnite_n by_o sylla_n the_o numidian_n yea_o and_o vercingentoriges_n himself_o by_o caesar_n nay_o it_o be_v almost_o the_o perpetual_a practice_n of_o the_o roman_a general_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o their_o triumph_n 1._o dion_n 45._o livy_n 2._o cicero_n in_o ver._n 5._o livy_n lib._n 28._o annal._n 1._o to_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o captain_n and_o other_o commander_n whether_o they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n during_o the_o war_n or_o have_v yield_v themselves_o as_o cicero_n in_o form_n we_o in_o his_o five_o oration_n against_o verres_n which_o both_o livy_n and_o tacitus_n confirm_v nay_o the_o same_o tacitus_n record_v it_o of_o galba_n that_o he_o cause_v the_o ten_o man_n to_o be_v kill_v of_o those_o who_o upon_o submission_n he_o have_v receive_v to_o mercy_n and_o caecina_n upon_o the_o surrender_n of_o aventicum_n cause_v julius_n alpinus_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n as_o be_v the_o principal_a instigator_n of_o the_o war_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o citizen_n he_o leave_v to_o either_o the_o mercy_n or_o the_o severity_n of_o vitellius_n xiii_o this_o right_a not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o other_o cause_n it_o be_v the_o usual_a custom_n of_o historian_n to_o ascribe_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o cruelty_n and_o outrage_n against_o captive_n or_o suppliant_n either_o to_o the_o like_a cruelty_n do_v by_o they_o unto_o other_o or_o to_o their_o obstinacy_n in_o resist_v they_o but_o these_o be_v rather_o pretence_n than_o just_a cause_n for_o retaliation_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v not_o to_o be_v execute_v but_o upon_o the_o same_o person_n that_o offend_v as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v where_o we_o discourse_v concern_v the_o communication_n of_o punishment_n but_o contrariwise_o in_o war_n this_o right_n of_o retaliation_n be_v often_o exercise_v on_o those_o who_o be_v in_o no_o measure_n guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n for_o which_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v punish_v this_o custom_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o diodorus_n siculus_n the_o chance_n of_o war_n be_v on_o both_o side_n equal_a neither_o party_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o that_o in_o case_n they_o be_v vanquish_v what_o they_o intend_v to_o do_v against_o their_o enemy_n have_v they_o be_v victor_n that_o they_o must_v be_v content_v to_o suffer_v from_o they_o thus_o do_v philomelus_n the_o phocensian_a general_n persuade_v his_o enemy_n to_o refrain_v from_o a_o proud_a and_o insolent_a revenge_n by_o threaten_v to_o exact_v the_o like_a in_o case_n the_o victory_n fall_v on_o his_o side_n but_o as_o to_o the_o other_o pretence_n which_o be_v usual_o plead_v namely_o a_o obstinate_a endeavour_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o party_n 1._o goth._n l._n 1._o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o crime_n as_o the_o neapolitan_n allege_v to_o belisarius_n in_o procopius_n that_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a discipline_n it_o be_v ever_o account_v a_o capital_a crime_n to_o do_v otherwise_o especial_o if_o we_o be_v engage_v therein_o either_o by_o some_o natural_a obligation_n or_o by_o a_o honest_a and_o deliberate_a choice_n for_o in_o these_o case_n they_o seldom_o admit_v of_o any_o excuse_n be_v the_o fear_n or_o danger_n never_o so_o great_a 24._o polyb._n l._n 1._o &_o 5._o liv._o lib._n 24._o praesidio_fw-la decedere_fw-la apud_fw-la romanos_fw-la capital_fw-it est_fw-la to_o desert_n a_o garrison_n say_v livy_n be_v ever_o account_v among_o the_o roman_n a_o capital_a crime_n every_o man_n therefore_o may_v make_v use_n of_o this_o rigour_n and_o severity_n so_o far_o as_o he_o see_v it_o may_v conduce_v to_o his_o own_o advantage_n and_o be_v therein_o justify_v before_o man_n by_o that_o common_a right_n and_o licence_n of_o nation_n whereof_o we_o here_o treat_v fourteen_o it_o extend_v also_o to_o hostage_n this_o right_a or_o licence_n do_v sometime_o extend_v itself_o to_o hostage_n and_o that_o not_o only_o to_o those_o who_o voluntary_o give_v themselves_o as_o pledge_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o article_n agree_v upon_o but_o unto_o those_o also_o who_o be_v deliver_v up_o by_o other_o thus_o we_o read_v of_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o hostage_n slay_v by_o the_o thessalian_n and_o of_o three_o hundred_o slay_v by_o the_o roman_n 4._o plut._n de_fw-fr claris_fw-la mulierib_n diony_n 16._o tac._n an._n 12._o 1_o mac._n 13.17_o hist_o 4._o where_o also_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o sometime_o child_n be_v admit_v as_o hostage_n as_o by_o the_o example_n of_o simon_n the_o maccabite_n we_o may_v learn_v and_o sometime_o woman_n as_o by_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o porsenna_n and_o by_o the_o german_n in_o tacitus_n xv._o to_o kill_v by_o poison_n unlawful_a as_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n tolerate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o this_o sense_n that_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v prohibit_v so_o be_v there_o many_o thing_n forbid_v by_o the_o former_a which_o by_o the_o latter_a be_v tolerate_v for_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o if_o a_o man_n have_v deserve_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o the_o sword_n or_o by_o poison_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i_o say_v though_o otherwise_o it_o be_v far_o more_o noble_a so_o to_o invade_v another_o man_n life_n as_o to_o give_v he_o a_o equal_a power_n to_o defend_v himself_o but_o this_o be_v not_o due_a unto_o every_o man_n that_o have_v deserve_v to_o die_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n if_o not_o of_o all_o yet_o of_o the_o great_a and_o better_a part_n of_o they_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n no_o not_o of_o a_o enemy_n by_o poison_n which_o custom_n be_v introduce_v for_o a_o general_a good_a lest_o danger_n which_o be_v too_o rife_a and_o frequent_a in_o war_n shall_v be_v beyond_o all_o measure_n multiply_v and_o very_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o this_o law_n be_v first_o enact_v by_o king_n and_o emperor_n who_o life_n as_o they_o be_v principal_o guard_v by_o arm_n so_o be_v they_o most_o easy_o endanger_v by_o poison_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o sear_n of_o infamy_n 42._o lib._n 42._o this_o livy_n call_v a_o clandestine_v villainy_n speak_v of_o pyrrhus_n and_o claudian_n concern_v the_o design_n of_o pyrrhus_n physician_n who_o offer_v fabritius_n to_o poison_v he_o call_v it_o a_o detestable_a act_n 3._o offic._n l._n 3._o not_o fit_a to_o be_v speak_v so_o do_v cicero_n glance_v at_o the_o same_o story_n which_o offer_v of_o the_o physician_n the_o consul_n not_o only_o reject_v but_o discover_v unto_o pyrrhus_n not_o so_o much_o for_o his_o sake_n as_o to_o prevent_v the_o reproach_n and_o scandal_n that_o may_v ensue_v to_o themselves_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v of_o they_o that_o who_o they_o can_v not_o conquer_v by_o true_a valour_n they_o have_v by_o treachery_n destroy_v pyrrhi_n plut._n vit_fw-mi pyrrhi_n or_o as_o aulus_n gellius_n recite_v the_o epistle_n of_o the_o consul_n out_o of_o claudius_n quadrigarius_n communis_fw-la exempli_fw-la &_o fidei_fw-la ergo_fw-la visum_fw-la est_fw-la we_o think_v it_o
his_o kingdom_n i_o know_v not_o but_o yet_o such_o the_o case_n may_v be_v that_o such_o a_o king_n have_v no_o power_n to_o alienate_v any_o part_n thereof_o as_o if_o he_o receive_v the_o whole_a as_o his_o propriety_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o divide_v it_o but_o as_o concern_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v call_v the_o good_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o may_v also_o become_v the_o king_n patrimony_n two_o way_n either_o as_o separable_a from_o the_o kingdom_n or_o as_o inseparable_o unite_v unto_o it_o if_o this_o latter_a way_n they_o may_v be_v transcribe_v 15._o see_v bo._n 2._o ch_n 15._o but_o not_o unless_o with_o the_o kingdom_n if_o the_o former_a they_o may_v be_v alienate_v without_o it_o but_o such_o king_n whosâ—_n kingdom_n be_v not_o patrimonial_a can_v hardly_o be_v permit_v to_o alienate_v the_o good_n of_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o it_o evident_o appear_v by_o some_o primitive_a law_n or_o by_o a_o continue_a and_o uninterrupted_a custom_n that_o they_o may_v do_v it_o vi_o how_o far_o the_o people_n and_o successor_n be_v oblige_v by_o a_o peace_n make_v by_o the_o king_n but_o how_o far_o forth_o the_o promise_n of_o a_o king_n shall_v bind_v his_o subject_n and_o successor_n have_v already_o be_v declare_v etc._n declare_v see_v bo._n 2._o ch_n 3._o §._o 10_o etc._n etc._n namely_o so_o far_o as_o the_o power_n obligatory_a be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o government_n which_o shall_v be_v neither_o infinite_a nor_o empale_v within_o in_o too_o narrow_a bound_n but_o to_o extend_v so_o far_o only_o as_o in_o probable_a reason_n it_o shall_v be_v find_v convenient_a but_o in_o case_n the_o king_n be_v absolute_a lord_n 2._o lord_n see_v bo._n 3._o ch_n 8._o §._o 2._o over_o his_o people_n as_o have_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n conquer_v he_o and_o so_o hold_v they_o under_o a_o government_n mere_o despotical_a and_o not_o civil_a or_o if_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o dominion_n not_o over_o their_o person_n but_o over_o their_o thing_n as_o pharaoh_n buy_v all_o that_o the_o egyptian_n have_v for_o corn_n or_o as_o they_o that_o admit_v of_o stranger_n into_o their_o house_n to_o who_o they_o prescribe_v what_o law_n they_o please_v if_o i_o say_v the_o government_n be_v thus_o absolute_a than_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n for_o in_o this_o case_n beside_o that_o right_n which_o be_v regal_a there_o be_v a_o access_n of_o another_o right_n which_o make_v that_o justifyable_a which_o a_o bare_a regal_a power_n can_v not_o vii_o what_o power_n a_o king_n have_v over_o his_o subject_n good_n to_o the_o make_n of_o peace_n but_o here_o there_o usual_o arise_v another_o question_n namely_o what_o right_a king_n have_v over_o the_o estate_n of_o private_a man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o establish_n of_o peace_n as_o have_v no_o other_o right_n to_o that_o which_o particular_o belong_v to_o his_o subject_n than_o what_o he_o have_v as_o a_o king_n that_o the_o thing_n belong_v to_o subject_n be_v under_o the_o supereminent_a power_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n whereof_o they_o be_v a_o part_n we_o have_v already_o prove_v so_o that_o that_o commonwealth_n or_o he_o that_o exercise_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o it_o have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v use_n thereof_o either_o by_o even_o destroy_v they_o or_o by_o alienate_v they_o and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o a_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n which_o be_v even_o between_o private_a man_n justifyable_a but_o when_o it_o extend_v even_o to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o private_a man_n by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o those_o who_o first_o enter_v into_o civil_a society_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n that_o shall_v befall_v any_o of_o her_o subject_n or_o citizen_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o such_o spoil_n or_o alienation_n out_o of_o their_o public_a stock_n or_o by_o a_o public_a contribution_n whereunto_o even_o he_o who_o have_v sustain_v the_o loss_n shall_v if_o need_v be_v pay_v his_o proportion_n neither_o shall_v that_o city_n or_o commonwealth_n stand_v discharge_v from_o this_o obligation_n although_o at_o present_a it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o satisfy_v it_o for_o whensoever_o that_o city_n shall_v be_v enable_v this_o sleep_a obligation_n may_v rise_v up_o against_o it_o viii_o but_o what_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v already_o lose_v by_o war._n neither_o can_v i_o here_o general_o admit_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o vasquius_fw-la namely_o that_o the_o city_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n of_o her_o citizen_n sustain_v by_o the_o war_n because_o such_o damage_n be_v by_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n permit_v for_o this_o right_n of_o war_n have_v only_a respect_n to_o the_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o explain_v it_o 2._o it_o bo._n 3._o ch_n 6._o §._o 2._o and_o partly_o to_o such_o as_o be_v in_o open_a hostility_n among_o themselves_o but_o not_o to_o citizen_n among_o themselves_o who_o be_v mutual_o associate_v and_o equal_o engage_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o city_n shall_v in_o equity_n esteem_v every_o man_n to_o be_v the_o common_a loss_n but_o yet_o doubtless_o it_o may_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v so_o ordain_v that_o no_o action_n shall_v lie_v against_o such_o a_o city_n for_o any_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o war_n to_o the_o end_n that_o every_o man_n may_v be_v the_o more_o watchful_a and_o resolute_a to_o defend_v his_o own_o ix_o no_o difference_n between_o thing_n get_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o thing_n get_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n some_o there_o be_v that_o place_n a_o vast_a difference_n between_o those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o subject_n acco_n ding_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v they_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n gra_fw-mi thing_fw-mi a_o large_a right_n to_o the_o king_n in_o take_v away_o these_o without_o either_o cause_n or_o recompense_n but_o not_o so_o in_o the_o former_a but_o erroneous_o for_o a_o right_n of_o dominion_n however_o lawful_o gain_v have_v always_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n its_o proper_a effect_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v take_v away_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o dominion_n itself_o or_o such_o as_o arise_v from_o some_o fact_n do_v by_o he_o that_o be_v the_o right_a owner_n x._o what_o be_v do_v by_o a_o king_n be_v take_v by_o foreigner_n to_o be_v do_v for_o a_o public_a good_a now_o this_o care_n and_o inspection_n that_o the_o thing_n of_o private_a person_n be_v not_o alienate_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o a_o public_a benefit_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o the_o subject_n as_o that_o of_o repair_v of_o damage_n do_v to_o the_o city_n and_o each_o particular_a citizen_n for_o the_o bare_a fact_n of_o the_o king_n be_v sufficient_a to_o stranger_n that_o contract_v with_o he_o not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o presumption_n which_o the_o dignity_n of_o his_o person_n bring_v with_o it_o but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o permit_v the_o good_n of_o subject_n to_o stand_v oblige_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o king_n xi_o a_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o interpret_n of_o article_n of_o peace_n but_o as_o to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n what_o we_o have_v say_v before_o must_v here_o also_o be_v observe_v 12._o observe_v see_v bo._n 2._o c._n 16._o §._o 12._o the_o more_o of_o grace_n and_o favour_v any_o article_n contain_v the_o more_o extensive_o it_o shall_v be_v take_v and_o the_o more_o of_o rigour_n it_o have_v the_o more_o restrictive_o it_o shall_v be_v understand_v if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o bare_a law_n of_o nature_n the_o great_a favour_n that_o can_v be_v grant_v seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o own_o wherefore_o where_o the_o article_n be_v ambiguous_a such_o a_o interpretation_n shall_v be_v admit_v as_o may_v lead_v we_o to_o this_o sense_n that_o he_o that_o undertake_v a_o just_a war_n shall_v receive_v what_o he_o fight_v for_o together_o with_o his_o cost_n and_o damage_n but_o not_o that_o he_o shall_v get_v any_o thing_n more_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o this_o savour_n of_o rigour_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v restrain_v but_o because_o a_o bare_a acknowledgement_n of_o wrong_n do_v seldom_o procure_v a_o last_a peace_n therefore_o in_o article_n of_o peace_n such_o a_o interpretation_n shall_v be_v admit_v as_o may_v according_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o war_n make_v the_o balance_n on_o both_o side_n even_o which_o may_v be_v do_v two_o way_n either_o by_o a_o equal_a composure_n of_o
be_v ibid._n malefactor_n to_o be_v either_o punish_v deliver_v or_o banish_a page_n 398_o major_a part_n have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a page_n 40_o man_n make_v to_o do_v good_a pref._n four_o greedy_a of_o society_n iii._o eminent_o just_a a_o magistrate_n bear_v 369._o only_a capable_a of_o knowledge_n by_o general_a rule_n four_o bear_v naked_a other_o arm_v v._o all_o of_o one_o stock_n page_n seven_o man_n use_v man_n as_o instrument_n page_v 471_o merchant_n and_o artificer_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 506_o in_o market_n nothing_o to_o be_v speak_v but_o truth_n page_n 441_o marriage_n what_o lawful_a 106._o the_o consent_n of_o parent_n not_o necessary_a ibid._n of_o cousin_n german_n pref._n iii._o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n what_o 105._o with_o another_o wife_n void_a 107._o dissolve_v by_o captivity_n nor_o to_o be_v restore_v by_o postliminy_n 490._o under_o the_o law_n not_o undissolvable_a page_n 105_o in_o marriage_n the_o obligation_n be_v mutable_a ibid._n marriage_n though_o forbid_a to_o be_v make_v yet_o be_v make_v be_v not_o thereby_o null_v page_n 111_o 112_o matrimony_n wherein_o different_a from_o wedlock_n ibid._n to_o contract_v a_o common_a right_n 86._o to_o deny_v to_o stranger_n injurious_a to_o humane_a nature_n ibid._n yet_o be_v deny_v no_o just_a ground_n of_o war_n page_n 179_o in_o reference_n to_o marriage_n thing_n give_v alter_v not_o the_o property_n if_o it_o succeed_v not_o page_n 192_o the_o end_n of_o marriage_n be_v to_o know_v who_o the_o child_n be_v page_n 124_o marriage_n what_o justifiable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 106._o why_o and_o by_o what_o law_n or_o custom_n forbid_v between_o kindred_n be_v difficult_a to_o prove_v 107._o by_o the_o hebrew_n and_o grecian_a law_n in_o some_o case_n enjoin_v ibid._n in_o marriage_n more_o remote_a degree_n seem_v not_o forbid_v but_o among_o christian_n they_o be_v and_o why_o page_n 111_o marriage_n incestuous_a forbid_v by_o god_n to_o noah_n or_o adam_n page_n 109_o in_o marriage_n a_o son_n shall_v be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o choice_n page_n 107_o marriage_n concubinary_a what_o 125._o some_o amount_v to_o true_a marriage_n and_o when_o page_n 106_o 107_o marriage_n second_o in_o brabant_n page_n 125_o marriage_n rite_n among_o christian_n page_n 105_o marriage_n not_o to_o be_v contract_v with_o profane_a person_n page_n 186_o in_o some_o marriage_n the_o child_n shall_v not_o inherit_v page_n 124_o 125_o marriage_n with_o divers_a woman_n of_o old_a lawful_a 106._o between_o brother_n and_o sister_n by_o what_o law_n forbid_v and_o whence_o unlawful_a page_n 108_o marriage_n to_o contract_n to_o who_o and_o how_o far_o forth_o a_o liberty_n due_a page_n 86_o the_o measure_n whereby_o thing_n be_v natural_o value_v be_v their_o want_n page_n 161_o member_n to_o preserve_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v page_n 72_o memory_n of_o wrong_n do_v not_o to_o outlive_v they_o that_o do_v they_o page_n 400_o mercy_n in_o punish_v and_o cruelty_n in_o spare_v 3_o mitigate_a punishment_n as_o well_o as_o in_o their_o remission_n page_n 372_o mercy_n judgement_n and_o righteousness_n how_o distinguish_v by_o the_o hebrew_n page_n 177_o to_o be_v merciful_a bring_v great_a advantage_n to_o a_o conqueror_n page_n 516_o may_v with_o right_n do_v wonder_n pref._n ix_o mildness_n of_o the_o father_n towards_o heretic_n page_n 391_o 392_o military_a discipline_n dear_a to_o the_o roman_n than_o their_o child_n page_n 491_o military_a oath_n page_n 28_o military_a act_n and_o order_n some_o repugnant_a to_o christianity_n page_n 26_o minor_n whether_o bind_v by_o their_o promise_n page_n 152_o minor_a part_n not_o guilty_a if_o over-voted_n by_o the_o major_a page_n 399_o minos_n why_o hate_v pref._n x_o mischance_n mischief_n fault_n how_o distinguish_v page_n 500_o mix_v government_n gain_v by_o war_n page_n 486_o modesty_n sometime_o forbid_v what_o law_n permit_v page_n 494_o moderation_n as_o to_o the_o acquisition_n of_o empire_n 524_o 525._o in_o kill_a man_n 497_o 498._o in_o spoil_v thing_n useless_a in_o war_n page_n 516_o the_o moderation_n of_o scipio_n the_o african_a 481._o of_o antiochus_n page_n 100_o monogamy_n whether_o command_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n only_o 105._o commend_v in_o the_o creation_n but_o polygamy_n not_o condemn_v page_n 106_o monopoly_n not_o all_o condemn_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 161_o to_o monopolise_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o a_o nation_n which_o be_v not_o elsewhere_o to_o be_v find_v whether_o lawful_a page_n 87_o money_n whence_o it_o receive_v its_o value_n page_n 162_o moral_a duty_n more_o strict_o require_v by_o christ_n than_o moses_n page_n 10_o moses_n law_n pattern_n for_o christian_n unless_o in_o some_o case_n ibid._n mother_n bound_n to_o nourish_v their_o child_n that_o have_v no_o certain_a father_n page_n 123_o movable_n not_o capable_a of_o reception_n by_o postliminy_n page_n 492_o mountain_n dig_v through_o to_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n page_n 90_o multitude_n to_o be_v spare_v page_n 509_o murderer_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o against_o enemy_n whether_o lawful_a 463._o see_v homicide_n mutius_n scaevola_n commend_v ibid._n mutual_a subjection_n of_o king_n and_o people_n refute_v page_n 41_o n._n nabide_v his_o controversy_n with_o the_o roman_n page_n 196_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o 174._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o ibid._n naucum_fw-la what_o ibid._n name_n of_o country_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v page_n 547_o nation_n may_v be_v equal_a in_o liberty_n though_o not_o in_o dignity_n page_n 49_o nature_n first_o principle_n and_o what_o be_v consequent_a to_o they_o what_o page_n 11_o 12_o nature_n sometime_o take_v for_o custom_n page_n 163_o 164_o nature_n indulge_v many_o thing_n which_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n approve_v not_o page_n 90_o 91_o natural_a instinct_n common_a to_o man_n with_o beast_n make_v no_o distinct_a law_n page_n 7_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v know_v by_o that_o which_o be_v sound_a and_o perfect_a not_o from_o that_o which_o be_v corrupt_v page_n 108_o natural_a issue_n difference_v from_o that_o which_o be_v legitimate_a 124_o 125._o they_o may_v succeed_v their_o father_n unless_o some_o law_n hinder_v it_o ibid._n they_o may_v be_v adopt_v ibid._n not_o capable_a of_o that_o empire_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o people_n page_n 125_o natural_a some_o thing_n may_v be_v not_o simple_o but_o during_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o they_o be_v first_o in_o as_o deer_n fish_n page_n 135_o not_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n lawful_a be_v so_o by_o god_n law_n page_n 74_o navigation_n a_o great_a help_n to_o humane_a society_n 84._o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n prohibit_v 94._o but_o this_o be_v by_o consent_n take_v not_o away_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o to_o navigation_n ibid._n naval_a society_n page_n 163_o 164_o necessary_n to_o buy_v a_o common_a right_n unless_o they_o from_o who_o such_o thing_n be_v require_v do_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o page_n 86_o necessity_n know_v no_o law_n but_o that_o of_o nature_n 81_o 82_o 119._o it_o make_v what_o be_v proper_o we_o common_a 81._o yet_o under_o the_o condition_n of_o restore_v if_o able_a 82._o yet_o if_o that_o necessity_n be_v avoidable_a it_o justify_v not_o ibid._n or_o if_o there_o be_v a_o like_a necessity_n in_o the_o right_a owner_n ibid._n if_o it_o justify_v not_o yet_o it_o extenuate_v page_n 501_o necessary_n to_o a_o lawful_a end_n be_v lawful_a page_n 434_o necessity_n what_o right_o it_o give_v to_o neuter_n page_n 531_o through_o necessity_n what_o be_v do_v break_v not_o the_o peace_n page_n 550_o neglect_v of_o punish_v punishable_a page_n 393_o neighbour_n who_o by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n and_o who_o by_o the_o gospel_n page_n 23_o neighbour_n power_n to_o diminish_v no_o cause_n of_o war_n page_n 76_o 77_o nephew_n from_o the_o first_o son_n prefer_v before_o the_o second_o son_n page_n 132_o whether_o the_o young_a nephew_n from_o the_o son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o elder_n from_o the_o daughter_n page_n 133_o to_o nephew_n be_v due_a aliment_n page_n 122_o 123_o neuter_n in_o war_n their_o duty_n 533._o nothing_o to_o be_v take_v from_o they_o without_o full_a satisfaction_n page_n 531_o ninus_n the_o first_o that_o make_v war_n to_o enlarge_v empire_n page_n 485_o 524_o nocent_o some_o to_o be_v spare_v for_o many_o innocent_n 434_o 504._o to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o innocent_a page_n 363_o nocent_a he_o be_v not_o that_o punish_v nocent_o page_n 362_o o._n oath_n sacred_a among_o heathen_n 166._o may_v differ_v in_o form_n not_o in_o substance_n 171._o require_v great_a deliberation_n 167._o and_o great_a reverence_n 175._o so_o to_o
be_v to_o be_v esteem_v beyond_o the_o thing_n page_n 162_o 163_o to_o use_v a_o man_n help_n be_v offer_v be_v lawful_a though_o to_o he_o that_o offer_v it_o it_o be_v unlawful_a page_n 446_o usurper_n who_o page_n 405_o a_o usurper_n not_o to_o be_v kill_v but_o oblige_v by_o private_a man_n by_o who_o he_o may_v 64_o 65_o 66._o his_o act_n bind_v not_o a_o lawful_a king_n 180._o but_o in_o some_o case_n his_o subject_n page_n 64_o 65_o usura_fw-la &_o foenus_fw-la how_o distinguish_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n page_n 163_o usury_n by_o what_o law_n forbid_v 162._o under_o it_o what_o gain_n fall_v ibid._n concern_v it_o what_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v determine_v 164._o what_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n ibid._n w._n war_n and_o arm_n distinguish_v pref._n vi_fw-la when_o just_o make_v pref._n xi_o to_o be_v just_o manage_v ibid._n war_n define_v 2._o prove_v lawful_a by_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o nature_n 11._o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 11_o 12._o by_o right_a reason_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o human_a society_n 12._o by_o sacred_a story_n 13._o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o wise_a in_o all_o nation_n 14._o not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n not_o to_o the_o divine_a law_n ibid._n avoid_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n to_o prevent_v some_o act_n which_o their_o religion_n allow_v not_o page_n 26_o war_n some_o lawful_a prove_v out_o of_o the_o father_n 26._o public_a private_a and_o mix_v 31._o private_a permit_v by_o moses_n 32._o after_o tribunal_n erect_v sometime_o lawful_a 31_o 32._o private_a in_o our_o own_o defence_n lawful_a 33_o 34._o solemn_a and_o less_o solemn_a ibid._n sometime_o make_v by_o inferior_a officer_n and_o whether_o such_o a_o war_n be_v solemn_a or_o public_a 35._o whether_o make_v by_o inferior_a commander_n by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o prince_n ibid._n war_n to_o make_v without_o commission_n from_o the_o prince_n treason_n ibid._n solemn_a can_v be_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n page_n 35_o 36_o 452._o the_o war_n of_o manlius_n against_o the_o galatae_n caius_n caesar_n in_o germany_n octavius_n and_o decimus_n cassius_n whether_o just_a page_n 35_o 36_o war_n against_o superior_n unlawful_a 54._o without_o cause_n unjust_a 70._o civil_a worse_o than_o tyranny_n page_n 65_o war_n shall_v be_v just_a if_o we_o will_v have_v it_o prosper_v 70._o it_o have_v three_o efficient_a cause_n principal_a auxiliary_a instrumental_a 66._o it_o begin_v where_o justice_n end_v 69._o its_o pretence_n always_o just_a though_o its_o cause_n sometime_o unjust_a page_n 70_o war_n cause_v for_o wrong_n do_v or_o in_o our_o own_o defence_n just_a 70._o make_v for_o other_o natural_o lawful_a 66._o to_o repair_v damage_n or_o to_o exact_a punishment_n lawful_a 383._o for_o punishment_n only_o seldom_o just_a 385_o 386._o make_v to_o lessen_v the_o power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n only_o unlawful_a 76_o 77._o for_o sin_n against_o god_n whether_o lawful_a 386._o without_o cause_n suspect_v to_o be_v predatory_a 405._o the_o most_o natural_a be_v that_o against_o wild_a beast_n next_o be_v that_o against_o man_n as_o brutish_a as_o beast_n page_v 384_o 385_o by_o war_n some_o thing_n gain_v be_v the_o king_n page_n 43_o 44_o war_n between_o christian_n not_o to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o scripture_n misunderstand_v 391._o then_o profitaable_a when_o our_o enemy_n will_v not_o otherwise_o do_v we_o justice_n 412._o when_o unlawful_a though_o the_o cause_n be_v good_a 409._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a 414_o 415._o undertake_v for_o religion_n or_o liberiy_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 416_o war_n make_v for_o a_o single_a subject_n not_o always_o convenient_a for_o the_o whole_a 422._o for_o the_o defence_n of_o subject_n lawful_a ibid._n for_o punishment_n seldom_o make_v by_o prince_n of_o equal_a power_n page_n 420_o the_o condition_n of_o war_n miserable_a page_n 421_o in_o war_n many_o change_n and_o chance_n happen_v which_o can_v be_v foresee_v page_n 418_o war_n may_v prudent_o be_v undertake_v where_o there_o be_v great_a cause_n and_o great_a advantage_n 420_o 421._o may_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o subject_n on_o both_o side_n just_a 415._o denounce_v against_o prince_n and_o against_o all_o that_o be_v under_o his_o government_n 447._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v make_v as_o soon_o as_o denounce_v and_o in_o what_o case_n 455._o make_v by_o pirate_n or_o subject_n have_v no_o effect_n of_o a_o solemn_a war_n ibid._n that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v make_v for_o the_o recovery_n of_o thing_n take_v away_o that_o be_v public_o decree_v and_o solemn_o denounce_v page_n 452_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a i._n e._n not_o punishable_a 457._o its_o licence_n extend_v to_o all_o that_o be_v find_v among_o enemy_n even_o stranger_n 458._o the_o innocent_a and_o nocent_a fare_n alike_o ibid._n its_o rage_n 459._o not_o to_o be_v wage_v but_o with_o some_o clemency_n 497_o 498._o especial_o among_o christian_n 495._o make_v against_o wall_n pillar_n house_n malicious_a page_n 512_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n as_o thing_n so_o a_o people_n take_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o liberty_n 530._o what_o be_v take_v shall_v be_v restore_v page_n 496_o a_o war_n may_v be_v mix_v in_o part_n public_a in_o part_n private_a 435._o may_v be_v make_v by_o soldier_n though_o wicked_a 431._o may_v be_v make_v against_o such_o as_o sin_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 384._o make_v to_o compel_v to_o christianity_n unlawful_a page_n 389_o war_n to_o be_v sometime_o avoid_v by_o prince_n for_o their_o subject_n sake_n 418._o make_v to_o establish_v peace_n 524_o 571._o for_o revenge_n not_o to_o exceed_v a_o just_a measure_n page_n 497_o 498_o unto_o a_o unâ—ust_a war_n none_o to_o be_v compel_v page_n 187_o war_n may_v lawful_o be_v make_v for_o friend_n and_o associate_n 424._o etc._n etc._n for_o the_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n 425._o for_o any_o man_n page_v 424_o war_n then_o just_a when_o necessary_a it_o shall_v be_v our_o last_o remedy_n page_n 452_o wedlock_n how_o it_o differ_v from_o matrimony_n page_n 112_o of_o weight_n or_o measure_n to_o exact_v more_o or_o less_o than_o be_v contract_v for_o be_v theft_n page_n 160_o a_o wife_n may_v rocover_v from_o her_o husband_n what_o she_o lend_v he_o if_o thereby_o he_o be_v enrich_v 147._o she_o may_v claim_v the_o estate_n if_o buy_v with_o her_o money_n ibid._n she_o have_v power_n over_o her_o husband_n body_n by_o the_o gospel_n law_n page_n 109_o wife_n many_o to_o have_v at_o once_o lawful_a of_o old_a ibid._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o forsake_v they_o ibid._n in_o favour_n to_o they_o divorce_v permit_v to_o the_o hebrew_n ibid._n wild_a beast_n how_o possess_v 135._o by_o the_o german_n give_v to_o their_o prince_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o owner_n ibid._n in_o private_a wood_n enclose_v be_v possess_v ibid._n whether_o the_o dominion_n be_v lose_v with_o the_o possession_n ibid._n and_o fish_n who_o they_o be_v 81._o that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 135_o will_n what_o have_v no_o know_a cause_n we_o refer_v to_o god_n will_v page_n 390_o the_o will_n in_o some_o case_n punishable_a 374._o natural_o mutable_a 379_o 380._o of_o the_o dead_a a_o law_n page_n 122_o the_o more_o of_o the_o will_v the_o great_a the_o sin_n ibid._n the_o will_n be_v move_v by_o thing_n real_o or_o imaginable_o good_a page_n 379_o to_o have_v understand_v the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a create_v a_o right_a page_n 122_o the_o will_v express_v by_o some_o outward_a sign_n create_v a_o guilt_n and_o make_v we_o liable_a to_o punishment_n page_n 383_o the_o will_n to_o show_v she_o own_o freedom_n act_v sometime_o without_o any_o other_o reason_n page_n 419_o 420_o wise_a man_n make_v war_n by_o constraint_n fool_n for_o delight_n page_n 421_o wisdom_n chief_a part_n be_v to_o direct_v ourselves_o in_o doubtful_a case_n the_o next_o be_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o other_o of_o great_a learning_n and_o experience_n page_n 411_o 412_o wolf_n peace_n with_o sheep_n upon_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o dog_n page_n 423_o woman_n captive_n how_v favour_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n 464._o they_o have_v no_o guard_n for_o their_o chastity_n 482._o their_o child_n slave_n bear_v ibid._n woman_n succeed_v in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v patrimonial_a 127._o how_o they_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 504._o their_o empire_n unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n page_n 144_o woman_n and_o child_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 504_o word_n signify_v by_o consent_n but_o thing_n and_o act_n not_o so_o 438._o in_o league_n take_v as_o vulgary_o understand_v page_n 190_o 191_o wreck_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n or_o peoples_n unjust_a page_n 121_o write_n be_v but_o last_a monument_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n page_n 199_o in_o a_o write_n if_o two_o clause_n clash_n and_o can_v be_v reconcile_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v incline_v ibid._n if_o its_o part_n can_v be_v reconcile_v the_o latter_a derogate_v from_o the_o former_a page_n 191_o wrong_n on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v war_n on_o the_o other_o side_n just_a page_n 70_o x._o xenophon_n institution_n of_o cyrus_n page_n 4_o xerxes_n his_o contest_v with_o artabazanes_n for_o the_o kingdom_n page_n 132_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o page_n 183_o y._n yea_o yea_o nay_o nay_o what_o it_o signify_v page_n 174_o z._n of_o zeal_n the_o judgement_n page_n 369_o in_o zealand_n the_o vassal_n pay_v tribute_n for_o their_o common_a field_n to_o the_o state_n whereunto_o every_o man_n contribute_v his_o proportion_n page_n 138_o zeleucus_n his_o law_n concern_v such_o as_o drink_v wine_n contrary_a to_o the_o prescription_n of_o their_o physician_n page_n 4_o zopyrus_n another_o sinon_n betray_v babylon_n to_o darius_n perfidious_o page_v 569_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n